<rdf:RDF xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327">
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    <dct:isPartOf>Journal of Environmental Management</dct:isPartOf>
    <dct:license>Open Access</dct:license>
    <dct:created>2020-03-26</dct:created>
    <dc:description>This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil.</dc:description>
    <dc:subject>LITTER</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Nitrogen</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>SEWAGE-SLUDGE</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>0211 other engineering and technologies</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Circular</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>02 engineering and technology</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>SORPTION</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Poultry manure</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Poultry</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>12. Responsible consumption</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Soil</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>METHANE</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Nutrient and energy recovery</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Animals</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>BIOGAS PRODUCTION</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>ORGANIC FRACTION</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Fertilizers</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>PRODUCTION</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>2. Zero hunger</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>BIOCHAR</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>PYROLYSIS</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Composting</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Agriculture</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>15. Life on land</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Management</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Manure</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>economy</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>CHICKEN MANURE</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>13. Climate action</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Earth and Environmental Sciences</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Poland</dc:subject>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-184x"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-342x"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-5546"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-0207"/>
    <dc:creator rdf:resource="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1972-9734"/>
    <dc:creator>Dr&#243;&#380;d&#380;, Danuta, Wystalska, Katarzyna, Mali&#324;ska, Krystyna, Grosser, Anna, Grobelak, Anna, Kacprzak, Ma&#322;gorzata, </dc:creator>
    <dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
    <dc:type>journalpaper</dc:type>
    <dct:abstract>This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil.</dct:abstract>
    <dc:title>Management of poultry manure in Poland &#8211; Current state and future perspectives</dc:title>
    <dc:identifier>10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327</dc:identifier>
    <dct:references>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327</dct:references>
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