Anthropogenic Effects On Heavy Metals And Macronutrients Accumulation In Soil And Wood Of Pinus Sylvestris L.

The investigation is focused on the uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients fluxes in Pinus sylvestris L. wood and soil under the sampled trees from contaminated and control sites. Soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total and bioavailable heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and macronutrients, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were compared on contaminated and control sites. Also, metal uptake of contaminated and control pine woods was determined. Concentrations of soil bioavailable Cd (0.009 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Pb (0.11 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Cu (0.076 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Zn (0.51 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1) and K (24.42 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Mg (8.44 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1) on the contaminated plot were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than on the control plot 0.00004 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1for Cd, 0.007 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1 for Pb, 0.002 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1 for Cu, 0.22 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1 for Zn and 7.81 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1 for K, 2.40 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1for Mg. In addition, the percentage of bioavailable metals in contaminated soils was higher. Pb (34.49 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Cu (0.258 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Zn (1.36 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1) and K, Mg concentrations in wood were statistically higher than on the control site Pb (0.01 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Cu (0.172 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), Zn (0.93 mg kg￢ﾈﾒ1), at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively. Cd did not show any significant difference in concentration on the contaminated plot in comparison to the control site. Santrauka Pagrindinis tiriamojo darbo tikslas ￢ﾀﾓ nustatyti sunkiￅﾳjￅﾳ metalￅﾳ kiekￄﾯ paprastosios puￅﾡies (Pinus sylvestris L.), augusios ￅﾡalia buvusios Ekrano gamyklos Panevￄﾗￅﾾyje, medienoje bei palyginti su augusios kontrolinￄﾗje teritorijoje. ￄﾮvertinta ir palyginta abiejￅﾳ teritorijￅﾳ dirvoￅﾾemis, nustatyta dirvoￅﾾemio pH, bendrosios anglies kiekis (TOC), ￄﾯvertintos suminￄﾗ ir judriosios fazￄﾗs sunkiￅﾳjￅﾳ metalￅﾳ ￢ﾀﾓ ￅﾡvino (Pb), kadmio (Cd), vario (Cu), cinko (Zn) bei makroelementￅﾳ ￢ﾀﾓ kalio (K) ir magnio(Mg) koncentracijos. Nustatyta ￄﾯ puￅﾡￅﾳ medienￄﾅ uￅﾾterￅﾡtoje ir kontrolinￄﾗje teritorijose patekusiￅﾳ metalￅﾳ kiekiai. Akivaizdu, kad judriosios fazￄﾗs metalￅﾳ koncentracijos uￅﾾterￅﾡtoje teritorijoje (Cd ￢ﾀﾓ 0,009 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Pb ￢ﾀﾓ 0,11 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Cu ￢ﾀﾓ 0,076 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Zn ￢ﾀﾓ 0,51 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1 ir K ￢ﾀﾓ 24,42 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Mg ￢ﾀﾓ 8,44 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1) yra didesnￄﾗs (p < 0,001) nei kontrolinￄﾗje(Cd ￢ﾀﾓ 0,000 04 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Pb ￢ﾀﾓ 0,007 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Cu ￢ﾀﾓ 0,000 2 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Zn ￢ﾀﾓ 0,22 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1 ir K ￢ﾀﾓ 7,81 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Mg ￢ﾀﾓ 2,40 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1). Pb (34,5 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1), Cu (0,258 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1), Zn (1,36 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1) ir K bei Mg koncentracijos buvo statistiￅﾡkaididesnￄﾗs uￅﾾterￅﾡtoje teritorijoje (p < 0,05) augusios puￅﾡies medienoje nei kontrolinￄﾗs (p < 0,001) ￢ﾀﾓ Pb ￢ﾀﾓ 0,01 mg kg￢ﾀﾓ1, Cu ￢ﾀﾓ 0,172 mgￂﾷkg￢ﾀﾓ1, Zn ￢ﾀﾓ 0,93 mg kg￢ﾀﾓ1. Cd koncentracija uￅﾾterￅﾡtoje teritorijoje augusios puￅﾡies medienoje nedaug skyrￄﾗsi nuo kontrolinￄﾗs. ￐ﾠ￐ﾵ￐ﾷ￑ﾎ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ ￐ﾓ￐ﾻ￐ﾰ￐ﾲ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￑ﾎ ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ￑ﾃ￑ﾇ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾸ￑ﾁ￑ﾁ￐ﾻ￐ﾵ￐ﾴ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ￐ﾰ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￑ﾁ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￐ﾱ￐ﾾ￑ﾂ￑ﾋ ￐ﾱ￑ﾋ￐ﾻ￐ﾾ ￐ﾾ￐﾿￑ﾀ￐ﾵ￐ﾴ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￑ﾌ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾾ ￑ﾂ￑ﾏ￐ﾶ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾋ￑ﾅ ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￑ﾂ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾻ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ ￐ﾲ ￐ﾴ￑ﾀ￐ﾵ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￐ﾸ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￐ﾾ￑ﾁ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ ￐ﾾ￐ﾱ￑ﾋ￐ﾺ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ (Pinus sylvestris L.) ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ ￐ﾱ￑ﾋ￐ﾲ￑ﾈ￐ﾵ￐ﾳ￐ﾾ ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￐ﾲ￐ﾾ￐ﾴ￐ﾰ ￂﾫ￐ﾭ￐ﾺ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ￑ﾁￂﾻ ￐ﾲ ￐ﾟ￐ﾰ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￐ﾶ￐ﾸ￑ﾁ￐ﾵ ￐ﾸ ￑ﾁ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￐ﾲ￐ﾽ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￑ﾌ ￐ﾵ￐ﾳ￐ﾾ ￑ﾁ￐ﾴ￐ﾰ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ￐ﾼ￐ﾸ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ. ￐ﾒ ￐ﾸ￑ﾁ￑ﾁ￐ﾻ￐ﾵ￐ﾴ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ￐ﾰ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￑ﾁ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￐ﾱ￐ﾾ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ ￐ﾾ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ ￐ﾸ ￑ﾁ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￐ﾲ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ ￐﾿￐ﾾ￑ﾇ￐ﾲ￑ﾋ ￐ﾾ￐ﾱ￐ﾵ￐ﾸ￑ﾅ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾹ,￐ﾾ￐﾿￑ﾀ￐ﾵ￐ﾴ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ ￐﾿￐ﾾ￐ﾺ￐ﾰ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ ￑ﾀ￐ﾝ ￐﾿￐ﾾ￑ﾇ￐ﾲ￑ﾋ, ￐ﾾ￐ﾱ￑ﾉ￐ﾵ￐ﾵ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾾ ￑ﾃ￐ﾳ￐ﾻ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾴ￐ﾰ (￐ﾞ￐ﾚ￐ﾣ), ￐ﾾ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ ￐ﾾ￐ﾱ￑ﾉ￐ﾸ￐ﾵ ￐ﾸ ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾼ￑ﾋ￐ﾵ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ ￑ﾂ￑ﾏ￐ﾶ￐ﾵ￐ﾻ￑ﾋ￑ﾅ ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￑ﾂ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾻ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ ￑ﾁ￐ﾲ￐ﾸ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾰ (Pb), ￐ﾺ￐ﾰ￐ﾴ￐ﾼ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ (Cd), ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￐ﾴ￐ﾸ (Cu), ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￐ﾽ￐ﾺ￐ﾰ (Zn), ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ ￐ﾼ￐ﾰ￐ﾺ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￑ﾍ￐ﾻ￐ﾵ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ ￐ﾺ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ (K) ￐ﾸ￐ﾼ￐ﾰ￐ﾳ￐ﾽ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ (Mg). ￐ﾢ￐ﾰ￐ﾺ￐ﾶ￐ﾵ ￐ﾾ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ ￐﾿￐ﾾ￐﾿￐ﾰ￐ﾴ￐ﾰ￐ﾽ￐ﾸ￐ﾵ ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￑ﾂ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾻ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ ￐ﾲ ￐ﾴ￑ﾀ￐ﾵ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￐ﾸ￐ﾽ￑ﾃ ￑ﾁ￐ﾾ￑ﾁ￐ﾽ￑ﾋ ￐ﾲ ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￐ﾳ￑ﾀ￑ﾏ￐ﾷ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￐ﾸ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￐ﾷ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ￑ﾅ. ￐ﾗ￐ﾰ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾴ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ: ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾼ￑ﾋ￑ﾅ ￐ﾼ￐ﾵ￑ﾂ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾻ￐ﾾ￐ﾲ Cd (0,009 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Pb (0,11 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Cu (0,076 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Zn (0,51 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1) ￐ﾸ K (24,42 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Mg (8,44 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1) ￐ﾲ ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￐ﾳ￑ﾀ￑ﾏ￐ﾷ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￐ﾷ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ ￐ﾲ￑ﾋ￑ﾈ￐ﾵ (p < 0.001), ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￐ﾼ ￐ﾲ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ, ￑ﾁ￐ﾾ￐ﾾ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￑ﾂ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ Cd (0,00004 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Pb (0,007 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Cu (0,002 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Zn (0,22 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1) ir K (7,81 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Mg (2,40 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1). ￐ﾚ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ Pb (34,49 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Cu (0,258 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Zn (1,36 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), K ￐ﾸ Mg ￐ﾲ ￐ﾴ￑ﾀ￐ﾵ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￐ﾸ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ ￐ﾱ￑ﾋ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾰ￑ﾂ￐ﾸ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾸ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￐ﾺ￐ﾸ ￐ﾲ￑ﾋ￑ﾈ￐ﾵ ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￐ﾳ￑ﾀ￑ﾏ￐ﾷ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ (p < 0,05), ￑ﾇ￐ﾵ￐ﾼ ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ (p < 0,001) ￢ﾀﾓ Pb (0,01 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Cu (0,172 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1), Zn (0,93 ￐ﾼ￐ﾳￂﾷ￐ﾺ￐ﾳ￢ﾀﾓ1). ￐ﾚ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￑ﾏ Cd ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￐ﾷ￐ﾰ￐ﾳ￑ﾀ￑ﾏ￐ﾷ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ ￑ﾁ￑ﾃ￑ﾉ￐ﾵ￑ﾁ￑ﾂ￐ﾲ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ ￐ﾽ￐ﾵ ￐ﾾ￑ﾂ￐ﾻ￐ﾸ￑ﾇ￐ﾰ￐ﾻ￐ﾰ￑ﾁ￑ﾌ ￐ﾾ￑ﾂ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾆ￐ﾵ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾰ￑ﾆ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ ￐ﾽ￐ﾰ ￐ﾺ￐ﾾ￐ﾽ￑ﾂ￑ﾀ￐ﾾ￐ﾻ￑ﾌ￐ﾽ￐ﾾ￐ﾹ ￑ﾂ￐ﾵ￑ﾀ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￑ﾂ￐ﾾ￑ﾀ￐ﾸ￐ﾸ.