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La qualit&#233; d&#8217;un sol peut &#234;tre &#233;valu&#233;e gr&#226;ce &#224; l&#8217;&#233;tude de divers param&#232;tres physiques, chimiques ou  biologiques. Parmi ces param&#232;tres, le carbone organique des sols, qui constitue plus de 50% de la masse de la mati&#232;re organique du sol, est g&#233;n&#233;ralement consid&#233;r&#233; comme l'indicateur principal de la qualit&#233; des sols, &#224; la fois pour ses fonctions agricoles et environnementales.

La pr&#233;sente couche de donn&#233;es constitue la cartographie des teneurs en carbone organique total (COT) pour les sols sous cultures et prairies permanentes en R&#233;gion wallonne pour une p&#233;riode comprise entre 2004 et 2014. La couche a &#233;t&#233; cr&#233;&#233;e par m&#233;thode de mod&#233;lisation spatiale d&#233;velopp&#233;e par l'UCL dans le cadre de la convention CARBIOSOL.

Pour plus de d&#233;tails sur la constitution des couches cartographiques g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;es dans le cadre du projet CARBIOSOL, veuillez-vous r&#233;f&#233;rer &#224; la fiche de m&#233;tadonn&#233;es documentant la s&#233;rie de couches de donn&#233;es.

En chaque pixel, la teneur en carbone organique total (COT) est exprim&#233;e en gramme de carbone par kilogramme de terre fine s&#232;che (gC/kg). Le r&#233;sultat en sortie du mod&#232;le est une couche raster des teneurs en COT &#224; 90 m&#232;tres de r&#233;solution et spatialement continue sur le territoire agricole wallon.

Les teneurs moyennes en COT observ&#233;es pour les sols (horizons de surface) sous cultures et prairies permanentes sur la p&#233;riode 2004-2014 &#233;taient de 1.30 gC/kg et 3.61 gC/kg respectivement, d&#8217;apr&#232;s la base de donn&#233;es REQUASUD. 

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                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="resourceProvider">resourceProvider</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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          </gmd:distributorContact>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Application cartographique du Geoportail (WalOnMap) qui permet de d&#233;couvrir les donn&#233;es g&#233;ographiques de la Wallonie.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:onLine>
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                <gmd:URL>https://geoservices.wallonie.be/arcgis/rest/services/SOL_SOUS_SOL/CARBIOSOL/MapServer/3</gmd:URL>
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                <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://geoservices.wallonie.be/INSPIRE/WMS/SO/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS</gmd:URL>
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                <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>atom:feed</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
      </gmd:transferOptions>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
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        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
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          <gmd:evaluationProcedure/>
          <gmd:dateTime/>
          <gmd:result>
            <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
              <gmd:specification xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/citation/ir/reg-1089-2010">
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                    <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2010/1089">R&#200;GLEMENT (UE) N o 1089/2010 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 novembre 2010 portant modalit&#233;s d'application de la directive 2007/2/CE du Parlement europ&#233;en et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'interop&#233;rabilit&#233; des s&#233;ries et des services de donn&#233;es g&#233;ographiques</gmx:Anchor>
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                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
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          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>1. Cadre de conception de la couche de donn&#233;es

La pr&#233;sente couche de donn&#233;es a &#233;t&#233; con&#231;ue dans le cadre de la subvention CARBIOSOL III (carbone organique, biomasse et activit&#233; microbienne des sols - SPW-DGO3). Elle repose sur une m&#233;thodologie de cartographie du Carbone Organique Total (COT) mise au point &#224; l'&#233;chelle de la Wallonie dans le cadre du projet CARBIOSOL I et adapt&#233;e dans le cadre de CARBIOSOL II. Cette m&#233;thode a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;velopp&#233;e par l'UCL, l'ULg et la DGARNE (SPW-DGO3).

2. Donn&#233;es de r&#233;f&#233;rence

Pour la p&#233;riode 2004-2014, les donn&#233;es d&#8217;entr&#233;e pour les cultures et prairies correspondent aux teneurs en COT mesur&#233;es par le r&#233;seau de laboratoires REQUASUD dans le cadre des analyses de terres effectu&#233;es &#224; la demande des agriculteurs (Ref : Requasud - Licence 109/2016). Seules les donn&#233;es g&#233;or&#233;f&#233;renc&#233;es ont &#233;t&#233; prises en compte, car elles seules peuvent &#234;tre utiles &#224; la m&#233;thode de mod&#233;lisation choisie. Le sol de chaque parcelle est pr&#233;lev&#233; selon un &#233;chantillonnage composite effectu&#233; sur l&#8217;horizon de surface sur l&#8217;ensemble de la parcelle diagnostiqu&#233;e/test&#233;e. Pour plus de d&#233;tails sur la base de donn&#233;es Sols de Requasud, veuillez vous reporter &#224; la fiche correspondante. 

Les co-variables significatives pour expliquer la variance des teneurs en COT pour chaque occupation de sols &#233;taient :
- pour les cultures : l&#8217;altitude, la pente, la longueur de flux, les donn&#233;es climatiques pour la p&#233;riode 2001-2006 (i.e., temp&#233;ratures et/ou pr&#233;cipitations moyennes annuelles), la teneur en argiles et limons fins, et la profondeur minimale et/ou maximale des marques d'hydromorphie en fonction du drainage naturel des sols (i.e., niveau sup&#233;rieur et/ou inf&#233;rieur de la nappe phr&#233;atique), les apports de C par fumures et lisiers calcul&#233;s par communes et le C-factor;
- pour les prairies : les donn&#233;es climatiques pour la p&#233;riode 2001-2006, la teneur en argiles et limons fins, et la profondeur minimale et/ou maximale des marques d'hydromorphie en fonction du drainage naturel des sols et les apports de C par fumures et lisiers calcul&#233;s par communes;

Les donn&#233;es d&#8217;occupation de sols utilis&#233;es pour finaliser les produits cartographiques de la p&#233;riode 2004-2014 sont d&#233;riv&#233;es de la COSW. 

3. Logiciels et m&#233;thode

La m&#233;thodologie et les outils utilis&#233;s dans le cadre de la constitution de la pr&#233;sente couche de donn&#233;es sont similaires pour toutes les variables relatives au carbone organique des sols &#233;tudi&#233;es dans le cadre de la convention CARBIOSOL. Veuillez-vous r&#233;f&#233;rer &#224; la fiche de m&#233;tadonn&#233;es documentant la s&#233;rie de couches de donn&#233;es - part. G&#233;n&#233;alogie pour tous les d&#233;tails sur le mod&#232;le mis en place.</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
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