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Controlled traffic, combined with zero tillage and residue cover has been proposed to improve soil water, crop yield and water use efficiency. From 1998 to 2005, we conducted a field experiment comparing the water storage and wheat productivity of controlled traffic farming and conventional tillage farming. Three treatments were studied: controlled traffic with no tillage and full residue cover (NTCN), controlled traffic with shallow tillage and full residue cover (STCN) and random traffic with traditional tillage and partial residue cover (CT). Compared to CT, the controlled traffic treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density in 10-20 cm soil layer, significantly increased soil water content in the 0-150 cm soil profile at sowing, 9.3% for NTCN, 9.6% for STCN. These effects were greater in dry seasons, thus reducing the yearly variation in water conservation. Consequently, mean wheat yield of NTCN, STCN and CT were 3.25, 3.27 and 3.05 t ha-1, respectively, in which controlled traffic treatments increased by 6.9% with less yearly variation, compared to traditional tillage. Furthermore, controlled traffic had greater economic benefits than conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic farming has a better performance with respect to conserving water, improves yields and increases economic benefits. No tillage controlled traffic farming appears to be a solution to the water problem facing farmers on the Loess Plateau of China.", "keywords": ["macropore density", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yields", "bulk density", "571", "available water capacity", "Fallow water storage", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "permanent beds", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Zero tillage", "Vertosol", "Controlled traffic", "controlled traffic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "amelioration", "zero tillage", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/U5DAEP", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:24:57Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "An Available Water Capacity Pedotransfer Function using Random Forest - 2020 Cornell Soil Health Model", "description": "Open AccessDataset was compiled from 7,232 samples run through the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory between 2015-2019. Dataset contains texture data (sand, silt, and clay), wet aggregate stability (WAS), soil organic matter (SOM), 4-day soil respiration (Resp), active carbon (AC; this is also referred to as permanganate oxidizable carbon-POxC within the scientific literature), and modified morgan extractable K, Mg, Fe, and Mn in ppm. The dataset also includes field capacity, permanent wilting point, and available water capacity (AWC), which was measured on disturbed soil samples (< 2 mm) that were equilibrated after initial saturation to pressures of -10 kPa and -1500 kPa on porous ceramic pressure plates in pressure chambers (Soil Moisture Equipment Corp., Goleta, CA). Columns include: RowNumber, sand, silt, clay, WAS, SOM, Resp, AC, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and AWC.", "keywords": ["AWC", "Random Forest", "Soil Health Indicator", "Available Water Capacity", "Agricultural Sciences", "Permanent Wilting Point", "Field Capacity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Amsili, Joseph, van Es, Harold, Schindelbeck, Robert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/U5DAEP"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/U5DAEP", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/U5DAEP", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/U5DAEP"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "cc0ebca9-0df9-4061-a338-6ffec9e9acb4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "license": "All rights reserved. No part of this Harmonized World Soil Database may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means for resale or other commercial purposes without written permission of the copyright holders. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other noncommercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Full acknowledgement and referencing of all sources must be included in any documentation using any of the material contained in the Harmonized World Soil Database, as follows:\n\nCitation\nFAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.", "updated": "2022-11-03T09:57:56", "language": "eng", "title": "Available Water Storage Capacity", "description": "Available water storage capacity in mm/m of the soil unit For the soil units of the Soil Map of the World (FAO-74) and for the revised legend (FAO-90), FAO has developed procedures for the estimation of Available Water Capacity in mm/m (AWC) (FAO, 1995). The AWC classes have been estimated for all soil units of both FAO classifications accounting for topsoil textural class and depth/volume limiting soil phases.\n\nThe following AWC classes are used \n\n1 - 150 mm/m\n2 - 125 mm/m\n3 - 100 mm/m\n4 - 75 mm/m\n5 - 50 mm/m\n6 - 15 mm/m\n7 - 0 mm/m", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS-1.3.0-http-get-map"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}], "keywords": ["harmonized world soil database", "Available Water Storage Capacity", "AWC", "HiH_SOIL", "Tag_soil", "World"], "contacts": [{"name": "Ronald Vargas", "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "GSP-Secretariat@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/aq361e/aq361e.pdf", "name": "Report: Harmonized World Soil Database Version 1.2 February 2012", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org/map/gsrv/gsrv1/gsoc/wms?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "AWC_CLASS", "description": "Available Water Storage Capacity", "protocol": "OGC:WMS-1.3.0-http-get-map", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/geonetwork/gsoc/HWSD/AWC_CLASS.tif", "description": "Download - Available Water Storage Capacity (TIFF)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "cc0ebca9-0df9-4061-a338-6ffec9e9acb4", "name": "item", "description": "cc0ebca9-0df9-4061-a338-6ffec9e9acb4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/cc0ebca9-0df9-4061-a338-6ffec9e9acb4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2022-11-03T09:57:56Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=available+water+capacity&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=available+water+capacity&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=available+water+capacity&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=available+water+capacity&offset=3", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 3, "numberReturned": 3, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T17:39:55.652991Z"}