The objective of the present study was to better understand the potential environmental benefit of using vine shoots (ViShs), an agricultural residue, as filler in composite materials. For that purpose, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of a rigid tray made of virgin poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV, polylactic acid (PLA) or polypropylene (PP), and increasing content of ViSh particles was performed. The contribution of each processing step in the life cycle on the different environmental impacts was identified and discussed. Furthermore, the balance between the environmental and the economic benefits of composite trays was discussed.
MethodsThis work presents a cradle-to-grave LCA of composite rigid trays. Once collected in vineyards, ViShs were dried and ground using dry fractionation processes, then mixed with a polymer matrix by melt extrusion to produce compounds that were finally injected to obtain rigid trays for food packaging. The density of each component was taken into account in order to compare trays with the same volume. The maximum filler content was set to 30 vol% according to recommendations from literature and industrial data. The ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint Hierarchist (H) methodology was used for the assessment using the cutoff system model.
Results and discussionThis study showed that bioplastics are currently less eco-friendly than PP. This is in part due to the fact that LCA does not account for, in existing tools, effects of microplastic accumulation and that bioplastic technologies are still under development with low tonnage. This study also demonstrated the environmental interest of the development of biocomposites by the incorporation of ViSh particles. The minimal filler content of interest depended on the matrices and the impact categories. Concerning global warming, composite trays had less impact than virgin plastic trays from 5 vol% for PHBV or PLA and from 20 vol% for PP. Concerning PHBV, the only biodegradable polymer in natural conditions in this study, the price and the impact on global warming are reduced by 25% and 20% respectively when 30 vol% of ViSh are added.
ConclusionThe benefit of using vine shoots in composite materials from an environmental and economical point of view was demonstrated. As a recommendation, the polymer production step, which constitutes the most important impact, should be optimized and the maximum filler content in composite materials should be increased.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "660", "Biomateriau", "Extrusion", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production; name=SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Life cycle assessment", "Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Packaging", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "8. Economic growth", "Emballage alimentaire", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Vine shoots", "0210 nano-technology", "Biocomposite", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11367-020-01824-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01824-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-020-01824-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-020-01824-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-020-01824-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-04", "title": "Biochar's effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions-a meta-analysis of literature data", "description": "For the last decade, there has been an increasing global interest in using biochar to mitigate climate change by storing carbon in soil. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge on the impact of biochar on the crop productivity in different agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on crop productivity and to analyze the dependence of responses on experimental conditions. A weighted meta-analysis was conducted based on data from 103 studies published up to April, 2013. The effect of BSA on crop productivity was quantified by characterizing experimental conditions. In the published experiments, with biochar amendment rates generally <30\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, BSA increased crop productivity by 11.0\u00a0% on average, while the responses varied with experimental conditions. Greater responses were found in pot experiments than in field, in acid than in neutral soils, in sandy textured than in loam and silt soils. Crop response in field experiments was greater for dry land crops (10.6\u00a0% on average) than for paddy rice (5.6\u00a0% on average). This result, associated with the higher response in acid and sandy textured soils, suggests both a liming and an aggregating/moistening effect of BSA. The analysis suggests a promising role for BSA in improving crop productivity especially for dry land crops, and in acid, poor-structured soils though there was wide variation with soil, crop and biochar properties. Long-term field studies are needed to elucidate the persistence of BSA\u2019s effect and the mechanisms for improving crop production in a wide range of agricultural conditions. At current prices and C-trading schemes, however, BSA would not be cost-effective unless persistent soil improvement and crop response can be demonstrated.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1827-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-12", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Stocks After Conversion Of Meadow To Cropland In Northeast China", "description": "Grassland conversion to cropland (GCC) may result in loss of a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the assessment of such loss of SOC still involves large uncertainty due to shallow sampling depth, soil bulk density estimation and spatial heterogeneity. Our objectives were to quantify changes in SOC, soil total nitrogen (STN) and C:N ratio in 0\u2013100\u00a0cm soil profile after GCC and to clarify factors influencing the SOC change. A nest-paired sampling design was used in six sites along a temperature gradient in Northeast China. SOC change after GCC ranged from \u221217 to 0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer, recommended by IPCC, across the six sites, but ranged from \u221230 to 7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 when considering 0\u2013100\u00a0cm. We found a linear relationship between SOC change in 30\u2013100\u00a0cm and that in 0\u201330\u00a0cm profile (\u0394C30\u2212100\u2009=\u20090.35\u0394C0\u221230, P\u2009<\u20090.001), suggesting that SOC change in 0\u2013100\u00a0cm was averagely 35\u00a0% higher than that in 0\u201330\u00a0cm. The change in STN showed a similar pattern to SOC, and soil C:N ratio did not change at most of sites. On the other hand, SOC loss after GCC was greater in soils with higher initial SOC content or in croplands without applying chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, SOC loss after GCC decreased with falling mean annual temperature (MAT), and even vanished in the coldest sites. The magnitude of SOC loss following GCC in Northeast China is lower than the global average value, partly due to low MAT here. However, the current low SOC loss can be intensified by remarkable climate warming in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1827-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1827-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1827-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1827-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1854-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-17", "title": "Alfalfa-Grass Biomass, Soil Organic Carbon, And Total Nitrogen Under Different Management Approaches In An Irrigated Agroecosystem", "description": "Management approach may influence forage production as well as soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) accrued beneath perennial grass-legume components of irrigated crop rotations. This study aimed to evaluate effects of conventional, certified organic, and reduced-tillage management approaches on above- and belowground biomass production and C and N content in alfalfa-grass mixture, and their relationships with SOC and STN. An alfalfa-grass mixture was established in 2009 on four replications under a sprinkler irrigation system. Soil characteristics were analyzed at planting time in 2009. Aboveground biomass production, coarse and fine roots, SOC, STN, aboveground biomass C and N, and coarse- and fine-root C and N were quantified in samples collected during 2009\u20132011. Conventional management produced more aboveground biomass than reduced-tillage and organic, but production under organic matched conventional and exceeded reduced-tillage in the last two harvests of the study. Root production was constant under the three approaches, but resulted in more SOC accrued under reduced-tillage than under the other two approaches. Biomass production was favored by conventional seedbed preparation and soil fertility management while SOC accrual was favored by minimum soil disturbance. In addition, aboveground biomass was influenced by seasonal air temperature, precipitation, and nutrient mineralization from the previous season, so above-/belowground allocation changed seasonally.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "alfalfa", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "050399 - Soil Sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1854-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1854-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1854-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1854-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1868-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-19", "title": "The Influence Of 3-Years Of Warming And N-Deposition On Ecosystem Dynamics Is Small Compared To Past Land Use In Subalpine Meadows", "description": "Drivers of ecosystem dynamics that are under human influence range from local, land-management decisions to global processes such as warming temperatures and N deposition. The goal of this study was to understand how multiple, potentially interacting factors influence net primary production, N mineralization, and water and soil CO2 fluxes. Here I report on a three-year experiment that manipulated air temperature using ITEX passive warming cones and N deposition in a mountain meadow ecosystems that were historically grazed or protected from grazing. The strongest and most consistent effect was due to the legacy of grazing, with previously grazed sites having lower primary production, lower soil respiration rates, lower soil moisture, and lower soil C and N stocks than historically ungrazed sites. Warming increased soil respiration, but the effect was transient, and decreased over the 3-year study. Nitrogen addition increased primary production in the second and third year of the experiment but had no significant effect on soil respiration. The effect of historical grazing on primary production was approximately double the effect of N addition. Temperature and N deposition rarely interacted except for increasing N availability during the warm, wet growing season of 2004. These findings indicate that the legacies of land use, with their influence on plant community composition and hydrologic processes, are locally more important than short-term step changes in temperature and nutrient availability.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richard A. Gill", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1868-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1868-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1868-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1868-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-009-0076-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-19", "title": "Short-Term Recovery Of Soil Functional Parameters And Edaphic Macro-Arthropod Community After A Forest Fire", "description": "Forest fires can result in severe economic and environmental consequences, and little is known about the ecological patterns and processes that may lead to the recovery of burnt areas. In the last decades, Portugal has been the Southern European country with the highest number of fire events and with the highest burnt area per hectare. With this work, we proposed to study the effect of a forest fire on the terrestrial ecosystem. More specifically, this work intended to evaluate the short-term recovery of several soil chemical, biochemical (microbial enzymatic activities) and biological (edaphic macro-arthropod community) variables in a burnt pine tree forest area. Soil and macro-arthropod sampling was carried out in a burnt area (transects BI, BII and BIII) and in a neighbouring unburnt area (U) 3 and 8\u00a0months after the fire, coinciding with autumn and spring. Soil was collected for the determination of physical (pH and conductivity) and chemical parameters (moisture and organic matter) and soil enzymes (cellulase, acid phosphatase and nitrogen mineralisation rate). Edaphic macro-fauna was captured using pitfall traps. Univariate and multivariate statistics revealed, overall, that burnt sites displayed lower acid phosphatase and cellulase activities and higher conductivity and pH values than the unburnt area. There was a recovery in the measured soil parameters between autumn and spring in the most interior parts of the burnt areas (BII and BIII), but the outer transect (BI, close to a road) still displayed considerable differences to the remaining burnt transects as well as to the unburnt area. A total of 47 macro-arthropod taxa were captured in both seasons, with Linyphiidae spiders (20.2%) and insect families Formicidae (13.4%) and Staphylinidae (11.9%) being the most abundant. Dominance by some taxa was overall stronger in the burnt than in the unburnt area, although dominant taxa varied between seasons. In autumn, the burnt area was dominated by ants and had also a high abundance of scavengers, carrion feeders and some ground active hunters. In spring, there was a general increase in taxa diversity, richness, and total catches; in the burnt area, there was a re-colonisation by several organisms sensitive to litter quality, such as isopods and pseudoscorpions, particularly in the outer transect (closest to the unburnt area). Differences in soil parameters between burnt and unburnt areas were most likely due to the deposition of nutrient-rich alkaline ashes. However, low cellulase activity in the outer part of the burnt area (BI) indicated compromised microbial activity in both sampling seasons. Recovery of soil functional parameters was delayed in the outer zone of the burnt area because of (i) fire intensity in that area or (ii) proximity to the road (enhancing erosion and exposure to contaminants). The pattern of arthropod re-colonisation of the burnt area followed the inverse recovery pattern (from the outer zone to the inner zone), stressing the primary role of the adjacent unburnt area as a source of potentially colonizing organisms. Direct and indirect effects of fire on soil parameters (soil alkalinisation and nutrient enrichment) and edaphic fauna had a short-term persistence in the burnt area, and signs of recovery were evident 8\u00a0months after the fire (spring). The adjacent unburnt area seemed to act as an important source of arthropod colonisers. More prolonged studies on the recovery of soil functional parameters and arthropod community structure are required to understand long-term re-colonisation patterns. Researchers and authorities should also endeavour in the implementation of measures that favour and protect survivors and new indigenous colonisers (microbes, plants and animals) after a forest fire.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0076-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-009-0076-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-009-0076-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-009-0076-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1814-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-02", "title": "Plant And Soil Responses Of An Alpine Steppe On The Tibetan Plateau To Multi-Level Nitrogen Addition", "description": "Although plant growth in alpine steppes on the Tibetan Plateau has been suggested to be sensitive to nitrogen (N) addition, the N limitation conditions of alpine steppes remain uncertain. After 2\u00a0years of fertilization with NH4NO3 at six rates (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), the responses of plant and soil parameters as well as N2O fluxes were measured. At the vegetation level, N addition resulted in an increase in the aboveground N pool from 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 in the control plots to 1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 in the plots at the highest N input rate. The aboveground C pool, biomass N concentration, foliar \u03b415N, soil NO3 \u2212-N and N2O flux were also increased by N addition. However, as the N fertilization rate increased from 10\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 to 160\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, the N-use efficiency decreased from 12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u22121 to 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u22121, and the N-uptake efficiency decreased from 43.2\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7\u00a0% to 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0%. Biomass N:P ratios increased from 14.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6 in the control plots to 20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 in the plots with the highest N input rate. Biomass N:P ratios, N-uptake efficiency and N-use efficiency flattened out at 40\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121. Above this level, soil NO3 \u2212-N began to accumulate. The seasonal average N2O flux of growing season nonlinearly increased with increased N fertilization rate and linearly increased with the weighted average foliar \u03b415N. At the species level, N uptake responses to relative N availability were species-specific. Biomass N concentration of seven out of the eight non-legume species increased significantly with N fertilization rates, while Kobresia macrantha and the one legume species (Oxytropics glacialis) remained stable. Both the non-legume and the legume species showed significant 15N enrichment with increasing N fertilization rate. All non-legume species showed significant increased N:P ratios with increased N fertilization rate, but not the legume species. Our findings suggest that the Tibetan alpine steppes might be N-saturated above a critical N load of 40\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121. For the entire Tibetan Plateau (ca. 2.57 million km2), a low N deposition rate (10\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) could enhance plant growth, and stimulate aboveground N and C storage by at least 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0Tg\u00a0N\u00a0yr\u22121 and 31.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8\u00a0Tg\u00a0C\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively. The non-legume species was N-limited, but the legume species was not limited by N.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1814-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1814-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1814-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1814-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1851-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-12", "title": "Biochar Application To A Fertile Sandy Clay Loam In Boreal Conditions: Effects On Soil Properties And Yield Formation Of Wheat, Turnip Rape And Faba Bean", "description": "We studied the effect of different biochar (BC) application rates on soil properties, crop growth dynamics and yield on a fertile sandy clay loam in boreal conditions. In a three-year field experiment conducted in Finland, the field was divided into three sub-experiments with a split-plot experimental design, one for each crop: wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnip rape (Brassica rapa), and faba bean (Vicia faba). The main plot factor was BC rate (0, 5 and 10\u00a0t DM ha\u22121) and the sub-plot factor was the N-P-K fertiliser rate. Soil physico-chemical properties as well as plant development, yield components and quality were investigated. BC addition did not significantly affect the soil chemical composition other than the increased C and initially increased K contents. Increased soil moisture content was associated with BC application, especially at the end of the growing seasons. BC decreased the N content of turnip rape and wheat biomass in 2010, thus possibly indicating an initial N immobilisation. In dry years, the seed number per plant was significantly higher in faba bean and turnip rape when grown with BC, possibly due to compensation for decreased plant density and relieved water deficit. However, the grain yields and N uptake with BC addition were not significantly different from the control in any year. Even though BC application to a fertile sandy clay loam in a boreal climate might have relieved transient water deficit and thereby supported yield formation of crops, it did not improve the yield or N uptake.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1851-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1851-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1851-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1851-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1855-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-21", "title": "Soil Microorganisms Respond To Five Years Of Climate Change Manipulations And Elevated Atmospheric Co2 In A Temperate Heath Ecosystem", "description": "Soil microbial responses to global change can affect organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling thereby altering the overall ecosystem functioning. In a large-scale experiment, we investigated the impact of 5\u00a0years of climate change and elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil microorganisms and nutrient availability in a temperate heathland. The future climate was simulated by increased soil temperature (+0.3\u00a0\u00b0C), extended pre-summer drought (excluding 5\u20138\u00a0% of the annual precipitation) and elevated CO2 (+130\u00a0ppm) in a factorial design. Soil organic matter and nutrient pools were analysed and linked to microbial measures by quantitative PCR of bacteria and fungi, chloroform fumigation extraction, and substrate-induced respiration to assess their impact of climate change on nutrient availability. Warming resulted in higher measures of fungi and bacteria, of microbial biomass and of microbial growth potential, however, this did not reduce the availability of nitrogen or phosphorus in the soil. Elevated CO2 did not directly affect the microbial measures or nutrient pools, whereas drought shifted the microbial community towards a higher fungal dominance. Although we were not able to show strong interactive effects of the global change factors, warming and drought changed both nutrient availability and microbial community composition in the heathland soil, which could alter the ecosystem carbon and nutrient flow in the long-term.", "keywords": ["Bacterial abundance", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Soil nutrient pools", "Elevated carbon dioxide", "CLIMAITE", "Fungal abundance", "15. Life on land", "Real-time quantitative PCR", "6. Clean water", "Long-term ecosystem manipulation", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Deschampsia flexuosa"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1855-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1855-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1855-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1855-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Comparison of methane, nitrous oxide fluxes and CO2 respiration rates from a Mediterranean cork oak ecosystem and improved pasture", "description": "Background and aims During the recent decades, cork oak (Q. suber) mortality has been increasing in Mediterranean oak woodland endangering the economical and environmental sustainability of the \u201cmontado\u201d ecosystem. This fact in combination with climate change and conversion of forestland to pasture may significantly affect the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange. Our study evaluates the impact of oak trees as compared to pasture on net ecosystem GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) exchange as well as the main environmental factors influencing this exchange.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "litter", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "root density", "evergreen oak", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "organic matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-26", "title": "Carbon Dynamics In Subtropical Forest Soil: Effects Of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment And Nitrogen Addition", "description": "The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) are rapidly increasing. Understanding carbon (C) dynamics in soil is important for assessing the soil C sequestration potential under elevated [CO2]. Nitrogen (N) is often regarded as a limiting factor in the soil C sequestration under future CO2 enrichment environment. However, few studies have been carried out to examine what would happen in the subtropical or tropical areas where the ambient N deposition is high. In this study, we used open-top chambers to study the effect of elevated atmospheric [CO2] alone and together with N addition on the soil C dynamics in the first 4\u00a0years of the treatments applied in southern China. Above- and below-ground C input (tree biomass) into soil, soil respiration, soil organic C, and total N as well as dissolved organic C (DOC) were measured periodically in each of the open-top chambers. Soil samples were collected randomly in each chamber from each of the soil layers (0\u201320, 20\u201340, and 40\u201360\u00a0cm) using a standard soil sampling tube (2.5-cm inside diameter). Soil leachates were collected at the bottom of the chamber below-ground walls in stainless steel boxes. The highest above- and below-ground C input into soil was found in the high CO2 and high N treatment (CN), followed by the only high N treatment (N+), the only high CO2 treatment (C+), and then the control (CK) without any CO2 enrichment or N addition. DOC in the leachates was small for all the treatments. Export of DOC played a minor role in C cycling in our experiment. Generally, soil respiration rate in the chambers followed the order: CN treatment\u2009>\u2009C\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009N\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009the control. Except for the C+ treatment, there were no significant differences in soil total N among the CN treatment, N + treatment, and the control. Overall, soil organic C (SOC) was significantly affected by the treatments (p\u2009 \u2009N\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009>\u2009C\u2009+\u2009treatment\u2009=\u2009CK treatment. Compared with the control, the higher SOC in the CN and N+ treatment was due to the greater above- and below-ground C input. The increased soil respiration in the C+ treatment led to the lower SOC. Elevated atmospheric [CO2] in the subtropical China accelerated soil C sequestration in this area; however, this increase would still need additional N input. The increased soil C pool was due to the enhanced tree growth. Special climatic condition in this area and the high density of tree planting might further accelerate soil C sequestration in this area.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-009-0178-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2033-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-25", "title": "Interactions Between Leaf Litter And Soil Organic Matter On Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization In Six Forest Litter-Soil Systems", "description": "Leaf litter decomposes on the surface of soil in natural systems and element transfers between litter and soil are commonly found. However, how litter and soil organic matter (SOM) interact to influence decomposition rate and nitrogen (N) release remains unclear. Leaf litter and mineral soil of top 0-5 cm from six forests were incubated separately, or together with litter on soil surface at 25 A degrees C for 346 days. Litter N remaining and soil respiration rate were repeatedly measured during incubation. Litter carbon (C) and mass losses and mineral N concentrations in litter and soil were measured at the end of incubation. Net N transfer from soil to litter was found in all litters when incubated with soil. Litter incubated with soil lost more C than litter incubated alone after 346 days. For litters with initial C: N ratios lower than 52, net N-min after 346 days was 100 % higher when incubated with soil than when incubated alone. Litter net N-min rate was negatively related to initial C: N ratio when incubated with soil but not when incubated alone. Soil respiration rate and net N-min rate did not differ between soil incubated with litter and soil incubated alone. We conclude that soils may enhance litter decomposition rate by net N transfer from soil to litter. Our results together with studies on litter mixture decomposition suggest that net N transfer between decomposing organic matter with different N status may be common and may significantly influence decomposition and N release. The low net N-min rate during litter decomposition along with the small size of litter N pool compared to soil N pool suggest that SOM rather than decomposing litter is the major contributor to plant mineral N supply.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2033-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2033-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2033-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2033-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2076-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-06", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition Promotes Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation By Reducing Soil Carbon Emission In A Subtropical Forest", "description": "Background and aims Tropical and subtropical forests are experiencing high levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, but the responses of such forests ecosystems to N deposition remain poorly understood.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenfei Liu, Rongzhen Huang, Yinghong Yuan, Jianping Wu, Yanyan Li, Yingchun Liao, Houbao Fan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2076-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2076-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2076-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2076-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2153-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-26", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Fertilization On Soil Microbial Communities And Processes Of Two Subalpine Coniferous Species In Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China", "description": "This study aimed at predicting how sub-alpine coniferous ecosystems respond to global changes in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau by understanding soil microbial communities and activities, as well as variation in the quality and quantity of soil organic matter. An experiment was conducted to examine soil microbial communities and their related soil processes in rhizospheric soil of two coniferous species that were exposed to two levels of temperature (unwarmed and infrared heater warming) and two levels of nitrogen (unfertilized and 25\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122 a\u22121) from April 2007. Four-year night warming alone slightly affected the phospholipid fatty acid contents of the microbial community. However, the combination of nitrogen addition and soil warming significantly affected soil microbial composition while reducing the biomass of major microbial groups and the activities of most enzymes, especially in Abies faxoniana plots. The combination of warming and nitrogen addition increased soil labile C and N pools in Picea asperata plots and was beneficial for soil recalcitrant C, as well as for labile and total C and N pools in A. faxoniana plots. Results indicated that future warming will slightly affect soil microbial communities and their related soil processes. However, warming combined with high nitrogen deposition will significantly constrain soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities, consequently increasing soil C and N pools in sub-alpine coniferous forests of this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2153-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2153-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2153-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2153-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2165-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-19", "title": "Soil Bacterial Communities Of Different Natural Forest Types In Northeast China", "description": "The types of natural forests have long been suggested to shape below-ground microbial communities in forest ecosystem. However, detailed information on the impressionable bacterial groups and the potential mechanisms of these influences are still missing. The present study aims to deepen the current understanding on the soil microbial communities under four typical forest types in Northeast Asia, and to reveal the environmental factors driving the abundance, diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities. Four forest types from Changbai Nature Reserve, representing mixed conifer-broadleaf forest and its natural secondary forest, evergreen coniferous forest, and deciduous coniferous forest were selected for this study. Namely, Broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BLKP), secondary Poplar-Birch forest (PB), Spruce-Fir forest (SF), and Larch forest (LA), respectively. Soil bacterial community was analyzed using bar-coded pyrosequencing. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to illustrate the clustering of different samples based on both Bray-Curtis distances and UniFrac distances. The relationship between environmental variables and the overall community structure was analyzed using the Mantel test. The two mixed conifer-broadleaf forests (BLKP and PB) displayed higher total soil nutrients (organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) and soil pH, but a lower C/N ratio as compared to the two coniferous forests (SF and LA). The mixed conifer-broadleaf forests had higher alpha-diversity and had distinct bacterial communities from the coniferous forests. Soil texture and pH were found as the principle factors for shaping soil bacterial diversity and community composition. The two mixed conifer-broadleaf forests were associated with higher proportion of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. While the SF and LA forests were dominated by Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. Different natural forest type each selects for distinct microbial communities beneath them, with mixed conifer-broadleaf forests being associated with the low-activity bacterial groups, and the coniferous forests being dominated by the so-called high-activity members. The differentiation of soil bacterial communities in natural forests are presumably mediated by the differentiation in terms of soil properties, and could be partially explained by the copiotroph/oligotroph ecological classification model and non-random co-occurrence patterns.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2165-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2165-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2165-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2165-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass, Activity And Community Composition In Adjacent Native And Plantation Forests Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Purpose Soil nitrogen (N) availability is a critical determinant of plantation productivity in subtropical Australia and is influenced by the soil microbial community. The size, structure and function of the soil microbial community can be impacted by land-use change and residue management. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of land-use change from (1) native forest (NF) to first rotation (1R) hoop pine plantation and (2) 1R hoop pine plantation to second rotation (2R) hoop pine plantation on the soil microbial community. The impact of residue management on the soil microbial community was also investigated in the 2R forest, where soil microbial parameters were measured in tree rows (2R-T) and windrows (2R-W). In addition, relationships between soil microbial parameters and soil N parameters were investigated.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0238-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.flora.2022.152019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-01", "title": "Artemisia sieberi dominated landscapes of Northeastern Iran host great diversity in lichen and annual plant species", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Flora", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.flora.2022.152019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.flora.2022.152019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2025-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-28", "title": "Successive Straw Biochar Application As A Strategy To Sequester Carbon And Improve Fertility: A Pot Experiment With Two Rice/Wheat Rotations In Paddy Soil", "description": "A pot study spanning four consecutive crop seasons was conducted to compare the effects of successive rice straw biochar/rice straw amendments on C sequestration and soil fertility in rice/wheat rotated paddy soil. We adopted 4.5\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, 9.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 biochar and 3.75\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 straw for each crop season with an identical dose of NPK fertilizers. We found no major losses of biochar-C over the 2-year experimental period. Obvious reductions in CH4 emission were observed from rice seasons under the biochar application, despite the fact that the biochar brought more C into the soil than the straw. N2O emissions with biochar were similar to the controls without additives over the 2-year experimental period. Biochar application had positive effects on crop growth, along with positive effects on nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) uptake by crop plants and the availability of soil P, K, Ca and Mg. High levels of biochar application over the course of the crop rotation suppressed NH3 volatilization in the rice season, but stimulated it in the wheat season. Converting straw to biochar followed by successive application to soil is viable for soil C sequestration, CH4 mitigation, improvements of soil and crop productivity. Biochar soil amendment influences NH3 volatilization differently in the flooded rice and upland wheat seasons, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jiangwei Wang, Jiangwei Wang, Xu Zhao, Shenqiang Wang, Guangxi Xing,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2025-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2025-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2025-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2025-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-14", "title": "Variable Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Soil Respiration In Mangrove Forests", "description": "Mangrove forests are globally important sites of carbon burial that are increasingly exposed to nutrient pollution. Here we assessed the response of soil respiration, an important component of forest carbon budgets, to nutrient enrichment over a wide range of mangrove forests. We assessed the response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment using fertilization experiments within 22 mangrove forests over ten sites. We used boosted regression tree (BRT) models to determine the importance of environmental and plant factors for soil respiration and its responsiveness to fertilizer treatments. Leaf area index explained the largest proportion of variation in soil respiration rates (LAI, 45.9\u00a0%) followed by those of site, which had a relative influence of 39.9\u00a0% in the BRT model. Nutrient enrichment enhanced soil respiration only in nine out of 22 forests. Soil respiration in scrub forests showed a positive response to nutrient addition more frequently than taller fringing forests. The response of soil respiration to nutrient enrichment varied with changes in specific leaf area (SLA) and stem extension, with relative influences of 14.4\u00a0%, 13.6\u00a0% in the BRT model respectively. Soil respiration in mangroves varied with LAI, but other site specific factors also influenced soil respiration and its response to nutrient enrichment. Strong enhancements in aboveground growth but moderate increases in soil respiration with nutrient enrichment indicated that nutrient enrichment of mangrove forests has likely increased net ecosystem production.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Carbon cycling", "0106 biological sciences", "Salinity", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Growth", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "1110 Plant Science", "8. Economic growth", "Avicennia", "1111 Soil Science", "Soil CO2 efflux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2036-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-08", "title": "Coupled Response Of Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Pools And Enzyme Activities To Nitrogen And Water Addition In A Semi-Arid Grassland Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Previous studies have demonstrated positive net primary production effects with increased nitrogen (N) and water availability in Inner Mongolian semi-arid grasslands. However, the responses of soil carbon (C) and N concentrations and soil enzyme activities as indicators of impacts of long-term N (urea) and water addition are still unclear. We tested the effect of 7\u00a0years of a N and water addition experiment on soil C, N, and specific soil-bound enzymes in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. We determined concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) in both the 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm soil layers. Concentrations of labile carbon (LC) and inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium), and soil pH were measured. Additionally, soil dehydrogenase (DHA), \u03b2-glucosidase (BG) and acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (PME) enzyme activities were determined in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer. SOC concentration in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer showed no response to N addition or N plus water addition, but increased with water addition alone by 0.3\u201315.7\u00a0%. N addition significantly increased nitrate by 46.0\u2013138.4\u00a0% and ammonium by 19.0\u201373.3\u00a0% in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer, whereas water addition did not affect them. The activities of DHA and alkaline PME enzymes, as well as soil pH, in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer decreased with N addition, however water addition alone caused these enzyme activities to increase. Unlike the surface soil (0\u201310\u00a0cm), the lower soil layer (10\u201320\u00a0cm), was responsive to N and water addition in that SOC and TN concentrations decreased with N addition and increased with water addition. The accumulation of SOC and TN in N and water addition plots may be caused by the input of plant biomass exceeding SOC decomposition. Decrease in microbial activity, derived from decreased DHA and alkaline PME activities might result from suppression effects of lower pH and decreased microbial N supply. Water availability is proved to be more important than N availability for soil C and N accumulation in this semi-arid grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2129-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2154-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-26", "title": "Hierarchical Responses Of Plant Stoichiometry To Nitrogen Deposition And Mowing In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Background and aims Stoichiometric relations drive powerful constraints on many ecosystem processes. However, our understanding of the hierarchical responses of plant C:N:P stoichiometry at different levels of biological organization to global change factors remains limited. Methods we examined the plant C:N:P stoichiometric responses to N deposition and mowing (hay making) at both species- and community-level by carrying out a 4yearfieldexperimentinthetemperatesteppeofnorthern China. Results Our results showedthat N additionand mowing resulted in higher plant N concentrations, lower C:N, and higher N:P at both species- and community-level. Mowing had a limited negative influence on the effects of N addition. We observed divergent responses of both plant P concentrations and C:P to N addition at specieslevel and community-level: N addition led to higher plant P and lower C:P at species-level, but this effect was not observed at the community-level. Conclusions Our results indicate that stoichiometric responses at community-level to N addition and mowing diverge from more traditionally examined speciesspecific responses. Our results suggest that the hierarchicalresponsesofplant stoichiometrytoanthropogenic disturbance deserves more attention when we model the interactions of terrestrial ecosystem C, N, and P cycling under scenarios of increasing N availability concomitantly occurring with active land management.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2154-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2154-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2154-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2154-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0293-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-05", "title": "Chemical Properties, Microbial Biomass, And Activity Differ Between Soils Of Organic And Conventional Horticultural Systems Under Greenhouse And Open Field Management: A Case Study", "description": "Increasing soil organic matter content is important in improving soil fertility; however, conventional farming practices generally lead to a reduction in such organic material. A comparative study of organic and conventional arable farming systems was conducted in Shanghai, China, to determine the influence of management practices on soil chemistry, microbial activity, and biomass. Soils used in greenhouses and open field cultivation were obtained from plots subjected to organic farming methods for 3\u00a0years or from conventionally farmed fields in the same area. Four combinations of field type and management system were evaluated: (1) organic management in open fields (ORG-OP); (2) conventional management in open fields (CNV-OP); (3) organic management in plastic tunnel fields (ORG-GR); and (4) conventional management in plastic tunnel fields (CNV-GR). Soils obtained at the 0- to 10-cm depth were analyzed using an approach combining traditional soil analysis, microbiological analysis using enzymology and microcalorimetric techniques, and a written survey of management practices among the farmers. Organic management resulted in significant increases (p\u2009<\u20090.001) in total organic C and total N, Olsen-P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil respiration, microbial biomass C (C min) and N (N min), and alkaline phosphatase and urease activity. Sucrase activity was highest in CNV-GR soil and lowest in ORG-OP and CNV-OP soils. No significant difference was observed between ORG-OP and CNV-OP. The Olsen-P, total organic C, total N, CEC, N min, and sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were greater in greenhouse soils than those under open field cultivation, which indicated a higher level of soil management under greenhouse conditions. The microcalorimetry power\u2013time curves for all samples described typical microbial metabolic activity. In soil samples supplemented with glucose and ammonium sulfate, the heat dissipation per cell unit suggested that microorganisms in soils under organic management had more efficient metabolism. In addition, microbial growth in soils under conventional management displayed lower growth rates, lower peak heat, and longer peak heat times, all of which indicated lower activity of soil microorganisms compared with organic management. There was a large positive correlation (p\u2009<\u20090.01) between the values of P max (the peak value of thermal power), Q total (total heat flux), and k (microbial growth rate constant) and the chemical properties. However, there was a significant negative correlation (p\u2009<\u20090.05) between the value of t max (the time required to reach peak thermal power) and chemical properties other than sucrase activity. Organic production systems significantly improved soil microbial characteristics and increased soil organic C, thus improving soil quality and fertility. Further studies investigating the long-term functional significance of carbon sequestration under organic practices are therefore warranted.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0293-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0293-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0293-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0293-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2167-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-19", "title": "Soil Substrate Utilization Pattern And Relation Of Functional Evenness Of Plant Groups And Soil Microbial Community In Five Low Mountain Natura 2000", "description": "Species rich, semi-natural grassland systems provide several ecosystem functions. The goal was to assess how aboveground composition and evenness affects soil substrate utilization pattern and soil microbial functional evenness. At five German NATURA 2000 grassland sites, the interactions of plant functional groups (graminoids, forbs and legumes) and belowground microbial functional evenness were investigated in relation to soil properties and sampling date. Functional evenness of soil microorganisms was measured with high spatial resolution by community level physiological profiling (CLPP) using multi-SIR (substrate-induced respiration) at three sampling dates during the vegetation period. Evenness indices were used to compare plant functional group diversity and soil microbial functional diversity. All sites differed in the consistently high soil microbial functional evenness, which was strongly predicted by soil pH, but not by plant functional groups or aboveground plant dry matter production. However, soil microbial functional evenness was particularly decreased by an increasing legume proportion and showed seasonal changes, probably driven by shifts in resource availability and soil water content. Our results suggest that changes in soil chemical properties or in a single key plant functional group may have stronger effects on soil microbial functional evenness than changes in plant functional group evenness.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2167-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2167-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2167-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2167-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2200-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-23", "title": "Effects Of Tree Species Composition On The Co2 And N2o Efflux Of A Mediterranean Mountain Forest Soil", "description": "Tree species composition shifts can alter soil CO2 and N2O effluxes. We quantified the soil CO2 and N2O efflux rates and temperature sensitivity from Pyrenean oak, Scots pine and mixed stands in Central Spain to assess the effects of a potential expansion of oak forests. Soil CO2 and N2O effluxes were measured from topsoil samples by lab incubation from 5 to 25\u00a0\u00b0C. Soil microbial biomass and community composition were assessed. Pine stands showed highest soil CO2 efflux, followed by mixed and oak forests (up to 277, 245 and 145\u00a0mg CO2-C m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121, respectively). Despite contrasting soil microbial community composition (more fungi and less actinomycetes in pine plots), carbon decomposability and temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux remain constant among tree species. Soil N2O efflux rates and its temperature sensitivity was markedly higher in oak stands than in pine stands (70 vs. 27\u00a0\u03bcg N2O-N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121, Q10, 4.5 vs. 2.5). Conversion of pine to oak forests in the region will likely decrease soil CO2 effluxes due to decreasing SOC contents on the long run and will likely enhance soil N2O effluxes. Our results present only a seasonal snapshot and need to be confirmed in the field.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Telecomunicaciones", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Agricultura", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2200-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2200-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2200-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2200-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2219-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-02", "title": "Soil Carbon Fractions In Grasslands Respond Differently To Various Levels Of Nitrogen Enrichments", "description": "Soil contains many different C fractions which have diverse physical and chemical compositions. Examining these differential soil C fractions in response to N enrichment is helpful for better understanding soil C changes under the predominantly increasing N deposition. In this study, we used a field N addition experiment in a grassland to explore the effects of various N enrichment levels on soil C fractions. We conducted a field manipulative experiment which used a Latin square design with six N addition levels of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121 since 2003 in a semiarid grassland in northern China. Soil samples were collected in August (when plants have the greatest biomass), 2011. We measured C and N concentrations in soil light fraction, microbial biomass, extractable organic matter, heavy fraction, and total soil C and N. The results showed that total soil C and N, and heavy fraction C and N were not significantly affected by N addition after 9\u00a0years of treatments. In contrast, different N enrichment levels changed soil light fraction C and N, ranging from 4.3 to 27.7\u00a0% and 3.3\u201330.0\u00a0%, respectively. Moreover, both light fraction C and N had a nonlinear relationship with N addition rates, and the threshold for N-induced change in light fraction C and N was near 16\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121 in this semiarid grassland. Increases of soil light fraction C and N primarily resulted from changes in biotic (N-stimulated aboveground biomass) and abiotic (soil temperature, moisture and pH) factors under N enrichment. Soil microbial biomass exponentially declined with increasing N, but extractable organic C showed a positive linear response to N enrichment rates. Changes in microbial biomass C and extractable organic C were primarily due to the reduced soil pH under N addition. Our findings suggest that various soil C fractions differentially respond to elevated N, because different sets of biotic and abiotic factors regulate those fractions under N enrichment.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2219-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2219-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2219-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2219-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2332-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-02", "title": "Assessment Of Climate Change Impacts On Soil Organic Carbon And Crop Yield Based On Long-Term Fertilization Applications In Loess Plateau, China", "description": "Climate change may significantly impact crop yields and soil. In this study the DNDC model, together with climatic outputs from Hadley Centre\u2019s general circulation model (HadCM3), was used to investigate the influence of projected climate change and management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and crop yield of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results identify management practices with the greatest potential to mitigate climate change and to increase SOC in this area. Field experiments on winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation included a control and four types of fertilization treatments: T1 (control), T2 (inorganic fertilizer), T3 (NPK inorganic fertilization combined with wheat or maize residue return), T4 (NPK inorganic fertilization combined with low amount of manure) and T5 (NPK inorganic fertilization combined with high amount of manure). DNDC model was calibrated using the field data from 1991 to 2000 and validated from 2001 to 2010. Furthermore, a baseline climate and three future climate scenarios (A1B, A2 and B1) were considered. DNDC model effectively simulated the SOC and crop yields. The findings showed that in 1991\u20132010, T1 maintained its initial SOC level but reduced crop yields, while T2 promoted crop production with less effect on soil carbon storage. However, T3, T4 and T5 enhanced both crop yield and soil carbon, and the best results were observed under T5. The investigated climate scenarios substantially affect SOC content and crop yields. In terms of SOC content, B1 had great effects on T1, T4 and T5, while A1B on T2 and T3. Considering crop yields, in all treatments, the trends are B1\u2009>\u2009A1B\u2009>\u2009A2 for winter-wheat and A2\u2009>\u2009A1B\u2009>\u2009B1 for summer maize, respectively. The impacts of climate changes on SOC dynamics and crop yields were different depending on the management applied. Thus, the adoption of certain management practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau agroecosystems could be critical in maximizing SOC sequestration and reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. Reasonably low temperature and high precipitation can enhance winter-wheat yields, while maize yields need medium temperature and precipitation. We recommended the combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers to achieve a balance between food security and soil carbon sequestration objectives.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2332-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2332-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2332-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2332-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2363-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-22", "title": "Soil Properties And Apricot Growth Under Intercropping And Mulching With Erect Milk Vetch In The Loess Hilly-Gully Region", "description": "Soil in the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi Province, China, is infertile and rainfall is scarce and uneven. The objectives of this study were to improve soil quality, promote apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) growth, and assess whether erect milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) and apricot compete for soil moisture and soil nutrients under intercropping systems. Taking clean tillage as the control, soil moisture and soil nutrients were monitored in apricot orchards in which erect milk vetch was interplanted for 5\u00a0years and interplant-mulched and mulched for 4\u00a0years. Intercropping and intercrop-mulching with erect milk vetch reduced soil moisture and soil nutrients and decreased fruit yield, fruit weight, and economic output. Mulching with erect milk vetch increased soil moisture in the 0\u201360-cm soil layer; increased soil organic matter, total N, and soil-available nutrients in the 0\u201320-cm soil layer; and increased fruit yield, fruit weight, and economic output. Under intercropping and intercrop-mulching, erect milk vetch and apricot competed for soil moisture and soil nutrients. Intercropping and intercrop-mulching with erect milk vetch are inappropriate, but mulching with erect milk vetch is a suitable method for managing soil quality in apricot orchards in the loess hilly-gully region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gangshuan Bai, Gangshuan Bai, Sheni Du, Sheni Du, Jian Yu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2363-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2363-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2363-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2363-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-02", "title": "Nutrient Availability And Ph Jointly Constrain Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Nutrient-Poor Tundra Soils", "description": "Tundra soils, which usually contain low concentrations of soil nutrients and have a low pH, store a large proportion of the global soil carbon (C) pool. The importance of soil nitrogen (N) availability for microbial activity in the tundra has received a great deal of attention; however, although soil pH is known to exert a considerable impact on microbial activities across ecosystems, the importance of soil pH in the tundra has not been experimentally investigated. We tested a hypothesis that low nutrient availability and pH may limit microbial biomass and microbial capacity for organic matter degradation in acidic tundra heaths by analyzing potential extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass after 6\u00a0years of factorial treatments of fertilization and liming. Increasing nutrients enhanced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase (synthesized for cellulose degradation). Increasing soil pH, in contrast, reduced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase. The soil phospholipid fatty acid concentrations (PLFAs; indicative of the amount of microbial biomass) increased in response to fertilization but were not influenced by liming. Our results show that soil nutrient availability and pH together control extracellular enzyme activities but with largely differing or even opposing effects. When nutrient limitation was alleviated by fertilization, microbial biomass and enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition increased, which likely facilitates greater decomposition of soil organic matter. Increased soil pH, in contrast, reduced enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition, which could be related with the bioavailability of organic substrates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "typpi", "pH", "13. Climate action", "entsyymiaktiivisuus", "PLFA", "610", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "TUNDRA"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-09", "title": "The Intercropping Cowpea-Maize Improves Soil Phosphorus Availability And Maize Yields In An Alkaline Soil", "description": "This study assessed whether growing cowpea can increase phosphorus (P) availability in the rhizosphere and improve the yield of legume-cereal systems. In alkaline Mediterranean soils with P deficiency, it is assumed that legumes increase inorganic P availability. A field experiment was conducted at the Staoueli experimental station, in Algiers province, Algeria, to compare the growth, grain yield, P availability, and P uptake by plants with sole-cropped cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. cv. Moh Ouali) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. ILT), intercropped cowpea-maize, and fallow. P availability in the rhizosphere was increased in both sole cropping and intercropping systems compared with fallow. It was highest in intercropping. The increase in P availability was associated with (i) significant pH changes of the rhizosphere of cowpea in sole cropping and intercropping systems, with the rhizosphere acidification significantly higher in intercropping (\u22120.73\u00a0units) than in sole cropping (\u22120.42\u00a0units); (ii) significant increase in the rhizosphere pH of intercropped maize (+0.49\u00a0units) compared to fallow; (iii) increased soil respiration (C-CO2 from microbial and root activity) in intercropping compared with sole cropping and fallow; and (iv) higher efficiency in utilization of the rhizobial symbiosis in intercropping than in sole-cropped cowpea. With cowpea-maize intercropping, cowpea increased the P uptake, by increasing the P availability by rhizosphere pH changes in an alkaline soil. Overall, this study showed that intercropping cowpea improved the plant biomass and grain yield of maize in this soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "P availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "acidification", "Intercropping", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biological N-2-fixation", "Biological N2-fixation", "Rhizosphere acidification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2214-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2292-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-14", "title": "Soil Organic C And Total N Pools In The Kalahari: Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On C Sequestration In Savannas", "description": "The impacts of climate change on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes are not fully understood, especially in savanna ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the potential impacts of climate change in soil C and N pools in the savannas. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were quantified at four sites with consistent sandy soils along a precipitation gradient in the southern Africa savannas. Soils were sampled at 240 locations at each site at four depths: 10, 30, 70 and 120\u00a0cm. The driest site and the wettest site had the SOC content of 1,397\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 1,982\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. Mean C:N ratio was highest (26\u2009\u00b1\u20096) at the wettest site and lowest at the next-wettest (15\u2009\u00b1\u20092). Our results support the hypothesis of low nitrogen fixation in the area, particularly in the dry southern region. We found a significant spatial relationship between SOC/TN content and tree height or tree mass only in the driest. The Botswana Kalahari (BK) soil is estimated to contain about 0.99\u2009\u00d7\u20091015\u00a0g C belowground of which about 92\u00a0% is SOC. Furthermore, under IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 carbon emission scenarios, total belowground C is predicted to drop to 0.92 and 0.86\u2009\u00d7\u20091015\u00a0g C, respectively by the end of the century. Our results provide insight into soil C stocks in Kalahari savannas and suggest that savannas may be bigger stores of organic C than currently thought. The current climate change projections together with field measurements suggest that C storage in these savannas may decrease in the future as the region warms and dries into the next century.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2292-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2292-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2292-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2292-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "title": "Quantifying The Impact Of Drought On Soil-Plant Interactions: A Seasonal Analysis Of Biotic And Abiotic Controls Of Carbon And Nutrient Dynamics In High-Altitudinal Grasslands", "description": "Understanding the impacts of ever more severe and widespread drought events has become a central focus of recent ecological research. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to investigate fundamental mechanisms that control drought effects on climate sensitive ecosystems by regulating soil-plant interactions. Field experiments were conducted in high altitudinal grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on historical records, we simulated extreme drought events, intercepting water inputs in early (spring), mid (summer), and late (autumn) periods of the plant-growing season (PGS). We measured vegetation responses to changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, examining how the interplay of abiotic and biotic processes regulate the impacts of drought above and below ground. Decreasing water input resulted in proportional increases in summer and autumn soil temperature, but reduced soil temperature during the spring drought. As a result, soil microbial biomass and available N and P concentrations remained stable during the early-PGS drought, while enzymatic activity, decomposition of organic materials, and nutrient release increased during the mid- and late-PGS. Concerted changes in microbial and plant activity determined seasonal fluctuations in carbon assimilation, microbial activity and nutrient dynamics, with varying degrees of resistance and resilience to drought stress observed at different PGS periods. Significant interactions were observed between plant productivity and microbial activity in response to moisture variability and associated changes in soil temperature, with the largest deleterious drought effects registered during the summer, when competition for limiting resources between plants and microorganisms was strongest.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2337-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-05", "title": "Crop Yields, Soil Fertility And Phosphorus Fractions In Response To Long-Term Fertilization Under The Rice Monoculture System On A Calcareous Soil", "description": "Abstract A 14-year field trial was conducted on a calcareous soil to evaluate the effects of continuous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping and fertilization on crop yield, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions. The application of N and P enhanced rice yields, while K had no yield-increasing effect because of large available soil K resource. The soil organic carbon remained at a stable level except for a decrease in the unfertilized treatment after 1988. Total N did not show clear changes with time or between treatments despite some fluctuation. The available soil K trend after 1985 as well as the comparison between treatments indicated clearly decreasing available soil K, particularly in the NP treatment. Available soil P significantly decreased in the P-omitted treatments, but remained at a stable level in the P-applied treatments with time. Of the total inorganic P (Pi), Ca phosphates (Ca-P) were the dominant Pi forms, accounting for 69\u201371%, followed by Fe phosphates (Fe-P), P occluded within Fe oxides (O-P) and then Al phosphates (Al-P). Of the Ca-P fractions, Ca2-P [CaHPO4\u00b7nH2O], Ca8-P [Ca8H2(PO4)6\u00b7nH2O] and Ca10-P [Ca10(PO4)6\u00b7(OH)2] accounted for 3.1\u20136.2, 5.8\u20136.4 and 87\u201391%, respectively. The NK treatment had significant Ca2-P depletion with time compared with the NPK treatment, and the similar trend was observed for Ca8-P despite decreasing Ca8-P with time for the two treatments. In the NK treatment, Ca2-P and Ca8-P had a good correlation with Olsen-P. The significant changes with time were not observed for Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P. The P application caused a weak accumulation of Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P, but had no significant effect on total Pi over time. The results suggest that (i) P application is indispensable to maintain high yields of rice under N application and (ii) there was a substantial P release from Ca2-P and Ca8-P linked to P uptake by crops. Hence, soil indigenous P supply, P transformation and the yield responses to fertilizer P application must be synthetically considered to optimize fertilization strategies for irrigated rice production on the calcareous soil at the experimental site.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "070300 Crop and Pasture Production", "0703 (four-digit-FOR)", "Flooding", "etc.)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "300105 Applied Hydrology (Drainage", "Irrigation", "Quality", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2369-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-09", "title": "Uncoupling The Effects Of Phosphorus And Precipitation On Arbuscular Mycorrhizas In The Serengeti", "description": "Background and aims The Serengeti grassland is characterized by antiparallel gradients of soil phosphorus (P) and precipitation. We hypothesized that grasses associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to ameliorate water stress and improve nutrient acquisition; and, that geographic patterns in AM fungal abundance relate to nutrient and water limitation of host plants.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nancy Collins Johnson, Jeffrey Ryan Propster,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2369-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2369-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2369-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2369-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Above- And Belowground Linkages Of A Nitrogen And Phosphorus Co-Limited Tropicalmountain Pasture System-Responses To Nutrient Enrichment", "description": "Little is known about how N and P co-limited ecosystems respond to single nutrient enrichment. This work assesses the susceptibility of above- and belowground ecosystem components and of their linkages in an N and P co-limited pasture to N- and P-enrichment. We tested if the plants\u2019 responses can be explained by the concept of serially linked nutrients introduced by Agren (Ecol Lett 7:185\u2013191, 2004). In this concept, the control of the growth rate by one nutrient is assumed to depend on the control of a different cellular process by another nutrient. We investigated the responses of shoot and root biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of the grass Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) to moderate N, P, and N\u2009+\u2009P application over 5\u00a0years. In addition, the effects of nutrient enrichment on soil nutrient pools, on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as on microbial biomass, activity, and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids: PLFA) were tested. In order to evaluate the importance of different factors explaining microbial responses, we applied a likelihood-based information-theoretic approach. The application of N\u2009+\u2009P increased aboveground grass biomass (+61\u00a0%). Root biomass was stimulated by P-treatment (+45\u00a0%). Grass C:N:P stoichiometry responded by altering the P-uptake (P-treatment) or by translocating P from shoot to root (N-treatment). In particular, root C:N and C:P stoichiometry decreased in P- and in N-treatment. Extractable fractions of soil C, N, and P were significantly affected by nutrient enrichment. P application increased the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria (+22\u00a0%) and the abundance of AMF (+46\u00a0%), however, results of the IT-approach suggested indirect effects of nutrient enrichment on microbes. The responses of the N and P co-limited pasture to particular nutrient enrichment support the concept of serially linked nutrients. The present study provides evidence for the fundamental importance of P for controlling resource allocation of plants in responses to nutrient enrichment. Resource allocation of the grass rather than direct effects of nutrient additions drives changes in AMF, microbial biomass, community structure, and activity.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2518-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-22", "title": "Legumes Have A Greater Effect On Rhizosphere Properties (Ph, Organic Acids And Enzyme Activity) But A Smaller Impact On Soil P Compared To Other Cover Crops", "description": "Plants affect phosphorus (P) cycling through uptake and the mobilization of P from several soil pools into soil solution. The effects of seven cover crop species \u2013 three legumes (variable morphology), three cereals (variable domestication degree), one mustard (non-mycorrhizal) \u2013 on P cycling were compared in a greenhouse experiment. Monocultures and legume-cereal mixtures were grown in an artificial plant growth substrate across three P input treatments (low P, manure, mineral fertilizer) to quantify changes in plant nutrients in aboveground and belowground biomass and properties of the plant growth substrate (pH, organic acids, enzyme activity, P). Legumes had the highest biomass, P uptake, and P mobilization potential (lower pH, higher organic acids and phosphatase activity) but cereals and mixtures mobilized more P than legumes. Biomass allocation to roots varied among species, with no trade-off between allocation to roots and P mobilization potential. Cereals had higher biomass, P uptake and N concentration in mixtures, whereas legumes had a mixed response in mixtures. Phosphorus concentration in the plant growth substrate affected plant growth and nutrient uptake but not P mobilization potential, with few differences between manure and mineral fertilizer. Despite smaller effects on rhizosphere properties compared to legumes, cereals and mixtures had a greater impact on soil P and should affect P cycling more strongly when used as cover crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gabriel Maltais-Landry, Gabriel Maltais-Landry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2518-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2518-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2518-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2518-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-26", "title": "Biochar Amendment Increases Maize Root Surface Areas And Branching: A Shovelomics Study In Zambia", "description": "Positive crop yield effects from biochar are likely explained by chemical, physical and/or biological factors. However, studies describing plant allometric changes are scarcer, but may be crucial to understand the biochar effect. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of biochar on root architecture under field conditions in a tropical setting. The presented work describes a shovelomics (i.e., description of root traits in the field) study on the effect of biochar on maize root architecture. Four field experiments we carried out at two different locations in Zambia, exhibiting non-fertile to relatively fertile soils. Roots of maize crop (Zea mays L.) were sampled from treatments with fertilizer (control) and with a combination of fertilizer and 4\u00a0t.ha\u22121 maize biochar application incorporated in the soil. For the four sites, the average grain yield increase upon biochar addition was 45\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0% relative to the fertilized control (from 2.1\u20136.0 to 3.1\u20139.1 ton ha\u22121). The root biomass was approximately twice as large for biochar-amended plots. More extensive root systems (especially characterized by a larger root opening angle (+14\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0%) and wider root systems (+20\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0%)) were observed at all biochar-amended sites. Root systems exhibited significantly higher specific surface areas (+54\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0%), branching and fine roots: +70\u2009\u00b1\u200956\u00a0%) in the presence of biochar. Biochar amendment resulted in more developed root systems and larger yields. The more extensive root systems may have contributed to the observed yield increases, e.g., by improving immobile nutrients uptake in soils that are unfertile or in areas with prolonged dry spells.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "10122 Institute of Geography", "UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity", "1110 Plant Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910 Geography & travel", "15. Life on land", "1111 Soil Science", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-16", "title": "Plant tolerance of ammonium varies between co-existing Mediterranean species", "description": "Previous studies showed that the two main Mediterranean plant functional groups, summer semi-deciduous and evergreen sclerophylls, differ in soil characteristics and nitrate (NO3 \u2212) use strategies: even though summer semi-deciduous plants have higher NO3 \u2212 availability than evergreen sclerophylls, NO3 \u2212 reduction (i.e., nitrate reductase activity\u2014NRA) is lower, and is not stimulated by substrate (NO3 \u2212 ) availability. Test if in Cistus albidus plants, a summer semi-deciduous species, ammonium (NH4 + ) can inhibit NRA, despite the availability of NO3 \u2212 , and whether Olea europaea plants, evergreen sclerophyll, are more tolerant of NH4 + than the former. One-year-old C. albidus and wild O. europaea potted plants were supplied with both NH4 + and NO3 \u2212 at increasing levels (0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6\u00a0% N). Tolerance of NH4 + was evaluated using integrative (mortality and biomass accumulation) and plant nitrogen metabolism parameters (in vitro NRA and concentrations of NO3 \u2212 and NH4 +) determined in roots and leaves. C. albidus plants were consistently less NH4 + tolerant than O. europaea, displaying: higher mortality; growth and NRA inhibition and NH4 + accumulation above 0.2\u00a0% NH4NO3-N in the soil. In contrast, O. europaea plants seemed to buffer the full range of tested NH4NO3 levels. C. albidus plants were less NH4 + tolerant than O. europaea. The ecological implications of this contrasting NH4 + tolerance are discussed.", "keywords": ["ammonium", "NRA", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Cistus albidus", "partitioning", "Mediterranean", "root shoot", "15. Life on land", "Olea europaea", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2552-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-11", "title": "Enhanced Biological N-2 Fixation And Yield Of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) In An Acid Soil Following Biochar Addition: Dissection Of Causal Mechanisms", "description": "Acid soils constrain legume growth and biochars have been shown to address these constraints and enhance biological N2 fixation in glasshouse studies. A dissection of causal mechanisms from multiple crop field studies is lacking. In a sub-tropical field study, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was cultivated in rotation with corn (Zea mays) following amendment of two contrasting biochars, compost and lime in a rhodic ferralsol. Key soil parameters and plant nutrient uptake were investigated alongside stable 15\u2009N isotope methodologies to elucidate the causal mechanisms for enhanced biological N2 fixation and crop productivity. Biological N2 fixation was associated with plant Mo uptake, which was driven by reductions in soil acidity following lime and papermill (PM) biochar amendment. In contrast, crop yield was associated with plant P and B uptake, and amelioration of soil pH constraints. These were most effectively ameliorated by PM biochar as it addressed both pH constraints and low soil nutrient status. While liming resulted in the highest biological N2 fixation, biochars provided greater benefits to faba bean yield by addressing P nutrition and ameliorating Al toxicity.", "keywords": ["Molybdenum", "2. Zero hunger", "compost", "abundance", "Plant Sciences", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Rhodic ferralsol", "natural 15N isotope", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "field assessment", "lime", "phosphorus", "Boron"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2441-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-14", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Partitioning Of Wheat And Field Pea Grown With Two Nitrogen Levels Under Elevated Co2", "description": "Crop responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 are likely to be different in semi-arid cropping systems of Australia. This experiment aimed to investigate the interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on carbon (C) and N partitioning in the soil-plant system of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plants were grown with 40 or 100\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121 under ambient CO2 (390\u00a0ppm) or elevated CO2 (eCO2; 550\u00a0ppm) using free-air CO2 enrichment (SoilFACE). Repeated 13CO2 pulse labelling was used to quantify C transfer via plant to the soil. Destructive sampling was performed at grain filling and maturity. eCO2 increased shoot biomass of field pea (36\u00a0%) and wheat (55\u00a0%) but only increased root biomass of wheat (13.5\u00a0%) in the 25\u201350\u00a0cm soil layer. Total N content of both species was greater under eCO2, and for field pea it indicated enhanced biological N2 fixation. However, eCO2 increased the C:N ratio of wheat even at the high N level. Greater 13C in soil of wheat grown under eCO2 indicated a minor increase in soil C via rhizodeposition. Increased biomass and C:N ratio of wheat could have implications for residue decomposition. eCO2 and low N tended to increase grain yield but the increase was highly variable and not significant. Additional N content of field pea under eCO2 exceeded the N that would be removed in wheat grain, albeit with lower than expected grain yield due to dry conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2441-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2441-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2441-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2441-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-28", "title": "How Does Soil Particulate Organic Carbon Respond To Grazing Intensity In Permanent Grasslands?", "description": "Modification in grazing intensity causes functional changes in permanent grasslands, e.g. in carbon (C) cycling. However, we still know little about how the soil organic C of permanent grasslands responds to grazing intensity. In a grassland experiment with three levels of grazing intensity, we monitored root and rhizome C stocks, particulate organic C stocks, total soil C stocks, above-ground net primary production and plant species groups abundance over 7\u00a0years. A simple model was used to estimate the mortality of roots and rhizomes, decomposition rates of particulate organic C, and C fluxes under different grazing intensities. After 7\u00a0years, low grazing intensity and no grazing led to a modification in above-ground vegetation (production, plant species composition, nitrogen content) and a reduction in C transferred between roots and particulate organic matter fractions, while the C stocks of root and rhizomes, particulate organic matter and total soil were not significantly affected by grazing intensity. However, particulate organic C showed a strong interannual variability. Particulate organic C could have reacted more slowly than expected to changes in grazing intensity, or a marked interannual variability of particulate organic C stocks, through an increase in decomposition rates in all the grazing treatments, could have slowed down the accumulation of particulate organic C and masked the effect of the grazing intensity treatments.", "keywords": ["580", "Carbon cycling", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition rates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Particulate organic matter", "13. Climate action", "Grazing intensity", "Grassland ecosystem", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2534-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-10", "title": "Effect Of Irrigation On The Soil Respiration Of Constructed Grasslands In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "We tested the responses of soil respiration to irrigation, at different proportions of field capacity, in constructed grasslands in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, and tried to identify the underlying physiological mechanisms. The experiment included a legume (Medicago sativa) and a forage grass (Elymus nutans) in sole-crops and a mixed sowing, with four water treatments: a control and three levels of irrigation (low, medium, and high) at three application times: during the regreening, elongation, and heading stages. The soil respiration rate (R s) responded strongly to water addition. Irrigation increased the cumulative growing season R s, which ranged from 257\u00a0g C m\u22122\u00a0years\u22121 to 500\u00a0g C m\u22122\u00a0years\u22121 for M. sativa, from 299 to 391\u00a0g C m\u22122\u00a0years\u22121 for E. nutans + M. sativa, and from 209 to 296\u00a0g C m\u22122\u00a0years\u22121 for E. nutans. Irrigation increased the cumulative R s by 7 to 49\u00a0%. R s of the grass\u2013legume mixture was 1.2 to 1.4 times the corresponding values in the E. nutans plots. In addition to the effects of soil temperature and moisture content, R s was explained by differences in the net photosynthetic rate and in microbial biomass. Water addition increased Q 10, which was strongly and positively correlated with the total C, C/N ratio, and cellulose content of the plants. R s responded strongly to irrigation, although the response differed between the two species. The grass\u2013legume mixtures showed increased R s compared to values in the grass sole-crop. R s appears to be determined by moisture and temperature, but also by the net photosynthetic rate and by microbial properties such as microbial biomass.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Min Liu, Qinpu Luo, Sha Xu, Wei Zhang, Ji\u2013Rui Gong, Yihui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2534-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2534-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2534-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2534-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-01", "title": "Dryland Maize Yields And Water Use Efficiency In Response To Tillage/Crop Stubble And Nutrient Management Practices In China", "description": "Abstract Rainfed crop production in northern China is constrained by low and variable rainfall. This study explored the effects of tillage/crop residue and nutrient management practices on maize ( Zea mays L.) yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and N agronomic use efficiency (NAE) at Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in northern China during 2003\u20132008. The experiment was set-up using a split-plot design with 3 tillage/crop residue methods as main treatments: conventional, reduced (till with crop residue incorporated in fall but no-till in spring), and no-till (with crop residue mulching in fall). Sub-treatments were 3 NP fertilizer rates: 105\u201346, 179\u201378 and 210\u201392\u00a0kg\u00a0N and P\u00a0ha \u22121 . Maize grain yields were greatly influenced by the growing season rainfall and soil water contents at sowing. Mean grain yields over the 6-year period in response to tillage/crop residue treatments were 5604, 5347 and 5185\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , under reduced, no-till and conventional tillage, respectively. Grain yields under no-till, were generally higher (+19%) in dry years but lower (\u22127%) in wet years. Mean WUE was 13.7, 13.6 and 12.6\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0mm \u22121 under reduced, no-till, and conventional tillage, respectively. The no-till treatment had 8\u201312% more water in the soil profiles than the conventional and reduced tillage treatments at sowing and harvest time. Grain yields, WUE and NAE were highest with the lowest NP fertilizer application rates (at 105\u00a0kg\u00a0N and 46\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121 ) under reduced tillage, while yields and WUE tended to be higher with additional NP fertilizer rates under conventional tillage, however, there was no significant yield increase above the optimum fertilizer rate. In conclusion, maize grain yields, WUE and NAE were highest under reduced tillage at modest NP fertilizer application rates of 105\u00a0kg\u00a0N and 46\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121 . No-till increased soil water storage by 8\u201312% and improved WUE compared to conventional tillage, thus showing potentials for drought mitigation and economic use of fertilizers in drought-prone rainfed conditions in northern China.", "keywords": ["prone savannas", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrogen losses", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "fertilizer", "6. Clean water", "northern china", "soil", "crop residue", "conservation tillage", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2556-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-15", "title": "Land Use Change Decreases Soil Carbon Stocks In Tibetan Grasslands", "description": "\u00a9 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. Backgrounds and aims: Land use is an important factor affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and can produce positive C climate feedback, but its effects remain unknown for Tibetan ecosystems. Methods: Recent land use changes have converted the traditional winter Kobresia pastures of nomads in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to Elymus pastures or even to cropland. Detailed SOC measurements up to 30-cm depth were combined with analysis of \u03b413C, \u03b415N, bulk density, microbial C, and N contents in three land use types. Results: Bulk density was decreased by conversion from Kobresia pasture to cropland but increased by conversion to Elymus pasture. The loss of 1\u00a0% of SOC caused by land use change leads to \u03b413C increase of 0.8 \u2030. Conversion to cropland significantly decreased SOC stocks (10\u00a0%) and microbial biomass C, but the C loss (1.6\u00a0%) was insignificant in Elymus pasture. Land use changes strongly increased soil \u03b415N in the top 5\u00a0cm. Conclusions: Conversion to Elymus pasture did not change the C stocks, but conversion to cropland decreased C stocks by 10\u00a0% within 10\u00a0years. Soil \u03b413C and \u03b415N data indicate acceleration of C and N cycling due to the replacement of Kobresia pasture by Elymus pasture and cropland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "\u03b413C", "Pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cropland", "Alpine meadow", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "\u03b415N"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2556-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2556-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2556-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2556-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2610-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-29", "title": "The Fate Of Fertiliser P In Soil Under Pasture And Uptake By Subterraneum Clover - A Field Study Using P-33-Labelled Single Superphosphate", "description": "Single superphosphate (SSP) is a major source of phosphorus (P) used in grazing systems to improve pasture production. The aim of this experiment was to determine the fate of fertiliser P in clover pastures under field conditions. A procedure was developed to radiolabel SSP granules with a 33P radiotracer, which was then applied to the soil surface (equivalent to ~12\u00a0kg P ha\u22121) of a clover pasture. Recovery of fertiliser P was determined in clover shoots, fertiliser granules and soil fractions (surface layer: 0\u20134\u00a0cm and sub-surface layer: 4\u20138\u00a0cm). The P diffusion patterns of the 33P-labelled SSP granules were not significantly different to those of commercial SSP granules (P\u2009>\u20090.05). Recovery of fertiliser P in clover shoots was 30\u201335\u00a0%. A considerable proportion of the fertiliser P (~28\u00a0%) was recovered in the surface soil layer and was largely inorganic P. Recovery of fertiliser P by clover plants was up to 35\u00a0% in the year of application. Much of the fertiliser P in soil fractions was inorganic P, which highlights the importance of inorganic P forms and dynamics in soils under clover pasture on a single season timeframe at these sites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2610-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2610-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2610-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2610-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-08", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Season Of Grazing On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "The Karoo biomes of South Africa are major feed resources for livestock farming, yet soil nutrient depletion and degradation is a major problem. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of long-term (>75\u00a0years) grazing during spring (SPG), summer (SUG), winter (WG) and exclosure (non-grazed control) treatments on soil nutrients, penetration resistance and infiltration tests. A soil sampling campaign was carried out to collect soil to a depth of 60\u00a0cm to analyse bulk density, soil physical and chemical parameters as well as soil compaction and infiltration. Generally, grazing treatments reduced soil organic C (SOC) stocks and C:N ratios, and modified soil properties. There was higher SOC stock (0.128\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) in the exclosure than in the SPG (0.096\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), SUG (0.099\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and WG (0.105\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). The C:N ratios exhibited similar pattern to that of C. From the grazing treatments, the WG demonstrated 7 to 10\u00a0% additional SOC stock over the SPG and SUG, respectively. Short period animal exclusion could be an option to be considered to improve plant nutrients in sandy soils of South Africa. However, this may require a policy environment which supports stock exclusion from such areas vulnerable to land degradation, nutrient and C losses by grazing-induced vegetation and landscape changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Exclosure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Grazing season", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me aride", "13. Climate action", "Arid ecosystem", "mati\u00e8re organique", "saison de p\u00e2turage", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "azote total"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2706-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-20", "title": "Lime Increases Productivity And The Capacity Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) And Phalaris (Phalaris Aquatica L.) To Utilise Stored Soil Water On An Acidic Soil In South-Eastern Australia", "description": "We hypothesised that a) species with greater acid soil tolerance have an increased capacity to utilise incipient rainfall; and b) liming increases the productivity and the ability of pasture species to utilise available water resources in the profile of an acid soil. A field experiment was established on a moderately acidic yellow Kandosol and monitored over 5\u00a0years. Five perennial pasture species including lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), were sown in monocultures with and without 2.9\u00a0t/ha lime. Both lucerne and phalaris were more persistent than chicory, tall fescue and cocksfoot under severe drought, despite both being considered sensitive to soil acidity. Surface liming increased the soil water deficit by up to 27\u00a0mm at 0.75\u20131.65\u00a0m under perennial pastures compared to unlimed treatments, despite lime having no physical presence at that depth. Lime increased lucerne, phalaris and cocksfoot cumulative herbage biomass by 150, 30 and 20\u00a0%, respectively, but had no significant effect on chicory or tall fescue biomass. The two most acid-sensitive species, lucerne and phalaris, were more resilient under drought despite the acidic nature of the soil. We contend that species sensitive to acidity can be a valuable addition to pastures on acid soils. Lime used in conjunction with deep-rooted perennial species is likely to maximise the ability of pastures to utilise scarce available soil water reserves.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2706-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2706-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2706-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2706-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-016-2794-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-15", "title": "Compost Vs Biochar Amendment: A Two-Year Field Study Evaluating Soil C Build-Up And N Dynamics In An Organically Managed Olive Crop", "description": "This study was performed under the framework of the EU project FP7 KBBE.2011.1.2\u201302 FERTIPLUS co-funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Research & Innovation, within the 7th Framework Programme of RTD, Theme 2-Biotechnologies, Agriculture & Food. ML Cayuela is supported by a \u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d research contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "Organic farming", "Olive mill waste compost", "Semi-arid", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda, M., S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., L\u00f3pez-Cano, I., Moreno, B., Benitez, E., Cayuela, M.L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2794-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-016-2794-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-016-2794-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-016-2794-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=2200&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=2200&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=2150", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=2250", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17019, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T15:06:50.107396Z"}