{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-26", "title": "Soil Quality Indicators In A Rhodic Paleudult Under Long Term Tillage Systems", "description": "Many investigations have focused in defining soil quality indicator components. However, for understanding better the impact of soil tillage systems on soil quality, a broader approach is demanded, with simultaneous soil attributes evaluations, by using multivariate analysis. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the long-term effect of two tillage systems on the soil C and N stocks in comparison to those of native grassland and to identify the most suitable soil attributes for characterizing soil quality. The experiment was established in 1988 at the Agronomic Experimental Station of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Treatments consisted of two tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and a reference area under native grassland. Soil analysis was performed up to 20 cm. Soil organic matter, C and N, physical fractionation was performed and carbon management index calculated. Microbial biomass C and N was determined as well as soil aggregate stability. From soil aggregation, soil average diameters and mass were grouped, and classes determined to calculate mean weight diameter. After 18 years, conventionally tilled soil showed lower total C and N stocks in comparison to no-tilled soil, which did not differ from native grassland soil. Soil C stocks ranged from 44.3 to 34.1 Mg ha\u22121 for the native grassland and conventional tillage system and total nitrogen ranged from 5.2 to 4.1 Mg ha\u22121 for the native grassland and no-tillage system, in the 0\u201320 cm layer. Among the tested soil quality indicators, the microbial biomass-C, total and particulate C stocks, particulate C and N stocks, and mean weight diameter were the indexes that best indicated soil tillage system effects, and they are therefore recommended for future use in evaluating soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon management index", "Conventional tillage", "No tillage", "Soil aggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-22", "title": "Soil Property Variation Under Agroforestry Based Conservation Tillage And Maize Based Conventional Tillage In Southern Ethiopia", "description": "With the objectives of assessing variations in selected soil properties, two tillage types: agroforestry based conservation tillage (AFCST) and maize based conventional tillage (MCVT) under three age categories (5, 10 and 15-years) were selected in Chichu and Haroresa Kebels, Dilla Zuria, Ethiopia. A total of 48 composite soil samples (4 replication \u00d7 2 tillage types \u00d7 3 age categories \u00d7 2 soil depth layers: 0\u201310 cm and 10\u201320 cm) were collected to analyze texture and soil organic carbon (SOC%). Addational undisturbed core samples were also collected to determine soil bulk density (g cm\u22123). Water infiltration capacity was also measured in the field using double ring infiltrometer. The results showed that clay and sand textural fractions significantly varied (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) with age of land management. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content (SMC), total porosity (Pt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) varied significantly with tillage types (p < 0.001) and soil depth (p < 0.001). Water infiltration (rate and cumulative) significantly varied (p < 0.001) with tillage types: higher in the AFCST than in the MCVT. Lower soil bulk density, higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture content (SMC) were observed in the top 0\u201310 cm soil layer under the AFCST than in the MCVT. Soil bulk density and soil moisture content (SMC) increased while total porosity (Pt) and soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased with soil depth in both tillage types. Improvement in the soil properties under AFCST was due to higher soil organic matter (SOM) input and less soil disturbance. Thus, reducing the frequency of soil disturbance through application of conservation tillage would help to improve the soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fantaw Yimer, Haile Ketema,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-10", "title": "Impacts Of 9 Years Of A New Conservational Agricultural Management On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions", "description": "Abstract   Labile soil organic carbon pools are widely regarded as valuable indicators of changes in soil C sequestration pools and dynamics induced by different soil management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate how a new conservational agricultural management (NCAM), which has been proved to be an effective pattern to increase corn yield, affects soil organic C (SOC) and labile SOC pools after a 9-year experiment in Northeast China. Narrow-wide row (1.70\u00a0m wide row and 0.30\u00a0m narrow row, corn is sowed in the narrow row with two lines), no-till, residue retention, change of ridge direction, and fallow are adopted for NCAM. Soil under conventional agricultural management (CAM) was also studied to be as a comparison. Soil samples were taken from 0\u201320 to 20\u201340\u00a0cm depths. The results showed that no significant difference was found for SOC between the two managements for both depths, indicating that SOC is a too gross measurement. Soil labile organic C fractions: microbial biomass C, hot-water extractable organic C and permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO 4 \u2013C) contents were significantly higher under NCAM compared to CAM for both depths, reflecting the build-up of labile C pools under NCAM. In addition, of the three C fractions, KMnO 4 \u2013C was the most sensitive indicator of changes in SOC induced by different agricultural management regimes. Our results implied that the application of NCAM is important to soil C sequestration and improving soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qicun Wang, Quan-Ying Wang, Jingshuang Liu, Yang Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Land Use On Soil Respiration In The Temperate Steppe Of Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Land use change has greatly affected ecosystem C processes and C exchanges in grassland ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of land use (mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing) on soil respiration (Rs) of a semi-arid temperate grassland during two growing seasons in Inner Mongolia, northern China, and to identify the main factors that affected Rs. During the growing season, Rs for the mowing, grazing exclusion, and grazing land-use types averaged 129, 150, and 194\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2011 (a dry year), versus 309, 272, and 262\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0yr\u22121, respectively, in 2012 (a wet year). Root respiration (Rr) accounted for 13\u201355% of Rs in 2011, versus 10\u201362% in 2012. Rs was strongly positively correlated with soil moisture for all three land uses, but weakly correlated with soil temperature (R2\u00a0<\u00a00.4 in all cases). Rs was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.834), soil organic matter (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.765), root biomass (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.704), lignin mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.422), and the cellulose mass loss rate (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.849) and significantly negatively correlated with the litter C/N (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.609). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) exhibited large monthly changes, and ranged from 0.52 to 2.12. Rainfall plays a dominant role in soil respiration: precipitation increased soil respiration, but the response differed among the land-use types. Thus, soil water availability is a primary constraint on plant growth and ecosystem C processes. Soil temperature plays a secondary role. Litter decomposition rates and litter quality also appear to be important.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Yan, Jirui Gong, Zi-Yu Zhang, Yong-Mei Huang, Wei Zhang, Yihui Wang, Min Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep01732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Biochar And Denitrification In Soils: When, How Much And Why Does Biochar Reduce N2o Emissions?", "description": "Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10-90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the (15)N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an 'electron shuttle' that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cayuela, M.L.*, S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Lehmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep01732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep01732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-22", "title": "Effect Of Straw Return Mode On Soil Aggregation And Aggregate Carbon Content In An Annual Maize-Wheat Double Cropping System", "description": "Abstract   Crop residue is a commonly used organic soil amendment in summer maize (June\u2013October)\u2013winter wheat (October\u2013June of next year) rotation systems. However, the effects of different straw return modes on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in different water-stable aggregates have not been extensively investigated in these cropping systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the long-term (7 yr) impact of C input on the SOC content of four soil aggregate size classes (large macroaggregates; small macroaggregates; microaggregates, silt plus clay fraction) and in explicit SOC fractions (free light fraction, free LF; intra-aggregate particulate organic matter, iPOM; mineral-associated matter, mSOM) within the top 40\u00a0cm of soil in a wheat\u2013maize double cropping system in Northwest China. Four treatments were examined: (i) no return (control); (ii) return of wheat straw only (WR); (iii) return of maize straw only (MR); and (iV) return of both maize and wheat straw (MR-WR). Over the experimental period, the change in SOC under the four treatments ranged from \u22120.96 to 5.83\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  and a significant linear relationship between SOC change and cumulative C input (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.9882, P\u00a0 \u00a0fine iPOM\u00a0>\u00a0coarse iPOM\u00a0>\u00a0free LF. Straw return significantly increased the C stock in iPOM and mSOM relative to the control. Coarse iPOM was the most sensitive indicator of C change and mSOM was the main form of SOC under long-term straw return. A significant linear relationship existed between cumulative C input and the mass proportion of macroaggregates as well as the C content of SOC fractions (or aggregate fractions). Soil depth had a significant influence on almost all measurements, with greater values observed in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer than in the 20\u201340\u00a0cm layer. Overall, return of both maize and wheat straw was the best strategy for improving soil structure, soil organic carbon, and crop yield. However, straw return from one crop was sufficient to maintain initial SOC levels, and conserved straw could be used for cellulosic feedstocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-01", "title": "Recalcitrant And Labile Carbon Pools In A Sub-Humid Tropical Soil Under Different Tillage Combinations: A Case Study Of Rice-Wheat System", "description": "Abstract   In order to utilize agricultural soils as an option to offset atmospheric carbon, it is essential to ascertain the degree of stability of the accrued carbon. A two step acid hydrolysis technique was used to separate labile and recalcitrant carbon pools in soil upto 30\u00a0cm depth to analyze their responses to different tillage managements after eight years of continuous practice in a sub-humid tropical rice\u2013wheat system of Indo-Gangetic plains. There were four tillage practices; tillage before sowing/transplantation of every crop (RCT-WCT), tillage before transplanting of rice but no tillage before sowing the succeeding wheat crop (RCT-WNT), tillage before sowing of wheat but no tillage before sowing of rice (RNT-WCT), and no tillage before sowing of rice as well as wheat (RNT-WNT). It was observed that reduction in tillage frequency enhanced the total and recalcitrant carbon contents in soil with the maximum rate of sequestration recorded under RNT-WNT (0.59\u00a0tC\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ). The fraction of carbon translated into recalcitrant pool was constant under all the tillage combinations indicating that carbon stabilization was dependent predominantly on organic matter input in the rice\u2013wheat system. Conventional tillage on the other hand caused loss of carbon from the soil as observed by reduction in total soil carbon content under RCT-WCT. Reduction in recalcitrant carbon content under RCT-WCT further indicated that acid hydrolysis might not represent long term carbon accumulation reliably. Concentration of phenolics in labile pool increased under RNT-WNT, RCT-WNT and RNT-WCT practices which also had higher total and recalcitrant carbon pools. This indicated towards contribution of phenolics in carbon stabilization in the soil. Results of the present study further suggested that adoption of no till agriculture in the region offers significant carbon sequestration opportunity under proper agricultural management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-10", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Different Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer Treatments On Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration And Crop Yields On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of different fertilization of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop yields after a 22 years long-term field experiment. The crop yields and SOC were investigated from 1981 to 2003 in Dry-Land Farming Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hebei Province, China. The dominant cropping systems are winter wheat\u2013summer corn rotation. There were totally sixteen treatments applied to both wheat and corn seasons: inorganic fertilizers as main plots and corn stalks as subplots and the main plots and subplots all have four levels. The results revealed: after 22 years, mixed application of inorganic fertilizers and crop residuals, the SOC and crop yields substantially increased. Higher fertilizer application rates resulted in greater crop yields improvement. In 2002\u20132003, wheat and corn for the highest fertilizer inputs had the highest yield level, 6400\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 8600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. However, the SOC decreased as the excessive inorganic fertilizer input and increased with the rising application of corn stalks. The treatment of the second-highest inorganic fertilizer and the highest corn stalks had the highest SOC concentration (8.64\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121). Pearson correlation analysis shows that corn and winter wheat yields and the mineralization amount of SOC have significant correlation with SOC at p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "N. Zhao, Z.C. Yang, Yizhong Lv, F. Huang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-31", "title": "Influence Of Soil Management On Soil Physical Characteristics And Water Storage In A Mature Rainfed Olive Orchard", "description": "Mechanical tillage represents the most common technique of soil management in olive orchards within the Mediterranean Basin. Such practice may result in soil structure degradation which can significantly reduce water infiltration causing runoff and erosion processes. An alternative opportunity is given by the use of cover crops which eliminates most of the disadvantages of conventional tillage. An experiment was carried out from 2007 to 2009 in a mature and rainfed olive grove located in Southern Italy with the aim to evaluate the effect of different soil management techniques on soil structure and soil water content and storage along the profile. The experimental site was characterised by a slope gradient ranging from 0 to 16%. Since 2000, the olive grove was subjected to two different management systems: sustainable system, SS (no-tillage, spontaneous vegetation cover, annual recycling of pruning material) and conventional system, CS (tillage, no recycling of pruning material). Modifications of soil structure induced by the two different management systems were quantified by micromorphometric analysis of macroporosity. Soil hydrological behavior was determined by field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measurements. Soil water content was measured at 10/15-day intervals by gypsum resistivity blocks placed in flat and steep areas (summit, backslope, and footslope) of both systems at different soil depths (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200\u00a0cm).    In the SS soil macroporosity was not very high (about 10%) but homogeneously distributed along the profile which favored the vertical water movement down to deeper horizons. In the CS the occurrence of soil crusting and of compacted layers along the profile hindered infiltration and percolation of rainfall water influencing the soil water content below the 100\u00a0cm layer. The SS was able to better store water from rainfall, received during the autumn\u2013winter period, especially in the deepest soil layer (from 100 to 200\u00a0cm). This was evident especially in the steep area at the summit position, where the water amounts stored by SS were 45 and 17% higher than those retained by the CS in 2007 and 2009, respectively. During summer such reserves were available for the olive root systems which usually, under the driest conditions, explore the deep soil zone in search of water. Under our experimental conditions, no yield reduction was observed due to the prompt mowing of the spontaneous cover crops. Therefore, the suitable use of cover crops should be communicated to the olive farmers and strongly recommended within agricultural policy strategies for its evident agronomical and environmental benefits (increase of soil organic carbon, soil structure improvement, reduction of soil and water losses, carbon sequestration).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil macroporosity", "Cover crops", "Olea europaea; Cover crops; Soil water storage; Soil macroporosity; Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil water storage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Olea europaea", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-02", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen As Affected By Tillage And Residue Management Under Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System In The North China Plain", "description": "The importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in agricultural soils as climate-change-mitigating strategy has received robust attention worldwide in relation to soil management. This study was conducted to determine the temporal effects of different tillage systems and residue management on distribution, storage and stratification of SOC and N under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Four tillage systems for winter wheat established in 2001 were: moldboard plow tillage with maize residues removed (PT0), moldboard plow tillage with maize residues incorporated (PT), rotary tillage with maize residues incorporated (RT), and no-till with maize residues retained on the soil surface (NT). Compared with PT0 and PT, significantly higher SOC and N concentrations were observed in the surface layer (0\u201310 cm depth) under NT and RT. In 2004, the SOC stocks were lower (P   RT > PT > PT0 in both years. Compared with other treatments, SOC and N stocks were the lowest (P < 0.05) under PT0. Therefore, crop residues play an important role in SOC and N management, and improvement of soil quality. The higher SOC stratification was observed under NT and RT than under PT and PT0, whereas the C:N ratio was higher (P < 0.05) under PT and PT0 than under NT and RT systems. Therefore, the notion that NT leads to higher SOC stocks than plowed systems requires cautious scrutiny. Nonetheless, some benefits associated with NT present a greater potential for its adoption in view of the long-term environmental sustainability under wheat\u2013maize double-cropping system in the NCP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fu Chen, Rattan Lal, Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe, Hailin Zhang, Zhong-Du Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Incorporation On Active Soil Organic Carbon Pools In A Subtropical Paddy Field", "description": "Abstract   Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to changing environment and management practices is crucial for minimizing the climatic impacts of rice agriculture. This study examined the effects of rice straw incorporation on total SOC, active SOC fractions, and carbon pool management index (CPMI) in a subtropical paddy field in China. The straw collected after harvesting the early and late paddy was incorporated immediately into the top 10\u00a0cm soil at a rate of 3.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  and the top 40\u00a0cm soil samples in the triplicate treatment, control and reference plots were analyzed for the concentrations of total SOC and four other active SOC fractions at the end of the early and late seasons. The concentrations of total soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were significantly ( P  r \u00a0=\u00a00.60\u20130.96,  P\u00a0  r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.94,  P  r \u00a0=\u00a00.69\u20130.99,  P  P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-15", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization Increase Soil Carbon Dioxide Efflux Of Winter Wheat Field: A Case Study In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract   As the largest reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), soil is a source or sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Understanding the processes whereby soil CO 2  is released into the atmosphere as a result of using inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers may provide us with knowledge of processes to offset the increasing concentration of CO 2 . The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different N levels on soil CO 2  efflux with one controlled experiment. A field experiment was carried out in a non-irrigated winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) \u2013 cropland in Northwest China to investigate the effects of N fertilization on soil CO 2  efflux in two consecutive growing seasons (2007\u20132009). The soil CO 2  efflux to which N was applied at four different levels (0, 90, 180, and 360\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was measured during the growing seasons in 2007\u20132009. At most growth stages during the growing season, the soil CO 2  efflux increased significantly with increased N application. The effect of N fertilization on the cumulative soil CO 2  efflux was obvious. In the 10\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer, the seasonal variations in soil CO 2  effluxes were influenced by soil temperature (ST) rather than by soil water content (SWC). When ST >20\u00a0\u00b0C, however, the low soil CO 2  efflux was mainly due to low SWC, which was close to the permanent wilting point (8.5\u00a0g H 2 O 100\u00a0g dry soil \u22121 ). In addition, soil CO 2  effluxes after anthesis were higher than those at seedling stage and were highest nearby anthesis stage. The results indicated that N fertilization probably had a positive effect on both the seasonal and cumulative soil CO 2  effluxes during the growing season.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-13", "title": "Differences In Rice Yield And Ch4 And N2o Emissions Among Mechanical Planting Methods With Straw Incorporation In Jianghuai Area, China", "description": "Abstract   Mechanical planting is replacing manual transplanting in the major Asian rice cropping areas, however, few are known about the impacts of mechanical planting on rice yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Therefore, a two-year experiment was conducted to examine the impacts of dry direct-seeding (MDS), wet direct-seeding (MWS) and transplanting (MTP) in Jianghuai area, China. The results showed that CH 4  emission was significantly lower in the MDS than the MWS and MTP both with and without straw incorporation. No significant difference in N 2 O emission was found among the planting methods. Straw incorporation significantly stimulated CH 4  emission in the MWS and MTP, but not in the MDS. The lowest rice yield was found in the MWS, while there was no significant difference in grain yield between the MDS and MTP methods. The area-scaled emission of CH 4  and N 2 O in CO 2 -equivalent unit was respectively 78.5 and 89.6% lower in the MDS than those in the MWS and MTP without straw incorporation, and 87.7 and 94.1% lower with straw incorporation. The yield-scaled emission was correspondingly 80.4 and 88.1% lower without straw incorporation, and 89.0 and 93.4% lower with straw incorporation, respectively. Our results indicate that MDS can get an acceptable yield with a large reduction in GHGs emissions in the test location.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xin Zhang, Chunlian Song, Lu Ming, Aixing Deng, Weijian Zhang, Xiaoning Hang, Yu Jiang, Ruiyin He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-08", "title": "Application Of Biochars To Sandy And Silty Soil Failed To Increase Maize Yield Under Common Agricultural Practice", "description": "Abstract   Adding biochar to tropical soils is a strategy for improving crop yield and mitigating climate change, but how various biochar types affect crop yield and the properties of temperate soils is still in dispute. Here, we evaluated how slow-pyrolysis charcoal and two biochars derived from energy production (gasification coke and flash-pyrolysis char) affected the growth of  Zea mays  L. and the related properties of sandy and silty soils within a 3-year mesocosm experiment. Fertilization was performed to optimize plant growth as would be done under common agricultural practice. Analyses included the monitoring of yield, plant and soil nutrients, aggregate stability, cation exchange and water holding capacity, and black carbon content. The results showed that the added biochars did not affect crop yield at an application rate of 15\u00a0g\u00a0biochar\u00a0kg \u22121  of soil. Increasing the application rate of slow-pyrolysis charcoal to 100\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  resulted in decreased plant biomass in the second and third year of the experiment, likely as a result of nutrient imbalances and N-immobilization. We did not detect any degradation of the added black carbon; however, beneficial effects on plants were limited by the small and transient effect of these biochars on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Overall, our results indicate that the added carbon from biochars is stored in soil, but all treatments tested failed to improve plant yield for the studied temperate soils under the given application rates and common agricultural practice.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nils Borchard, Nils Borchard, Jan Siemens, Wulf Amelung, Wulf Amelung, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Brenton Ladd, Andreas M\u00f6ller,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-02", "title": "Transition From Intensive Tillage To No-Till Enhances Carbon Sequestration In Microaggregates Of Surface Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Physical protection by soil aggregates is critical for building soil organic carbon (SOC) stock. The objective of this study was to identify SOC sequestrated in the microaggregate holding within macroaggregte (mM) fraction after shifting tillage systems in the North China Plain. Soil samples from 0-5 cm layer of a 6-yr field experiment (MP - R, moldboard plow without residue; MP + R, moldboard plow with residue; RT, rotary tillage with residue; NT, no-till with residue) were collected and separated into different water-stable aggregates. The macroaggregate (250-2000 mu m) was further isolated into intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) fractions by density flotation, dispersion and sieving. The results showed that the SOC concentration of fine iPOM (250f, 53-250 mu m) was increased by 23% in RT and 39% in NT compared with MP + R, whereas the difference in the coarse iPOM (250c, >250 mu m) was not observed. The ratio of 250f-250c (i.e., 250f/250c) followed the order of NT (2.12) approximate to RT (1.94) > MP + R (1.50) approximate to MP - R (1.47), indicating the alternative tillage systems decreased the turnover rates of macroaggregates. Adoption of NT and RT improved the mM formation by 36% and 23% and mM associated C concentration by 38% and 31% as relative to MP + R system. Additionally, the soil C concentration and storage of the iPOM and silt plus clay fractions located within the microaggregate were higher under NT and RT than that of MP + Rand MP - R systems. Thus applying NT and RT improved mM formation and soil C sequestered inside this fraction. We concluded that adoption of NT and RT enhanced SOC sequestration in the microaggregates of surface soil of the intensive agroecosystem of North China. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Organic Mulching, Irrigation And Fertilization Affect Soil Co2 Emission And C Storage In Tomato Crop In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract   Carbon stock and CO 2  emissions in agricultural systems are highly affected by the management of applied practices in arable farms, such as fertilizer use, irrigation, soil tillage, cover crop management, etc. This study evaluated the effects of various organic mulches, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation levels on soil CO 2  emissions, soil carbon sequestration and processing tomato production in the Mediterranean environment. The field experiment was carried out with five main treatments, three cover crops of hairy vetch (HV), lacy phacelia (LF) and white mustard (WM) transplanted in autumn and cut in May to be used as mulches, plus barley straw mulch (BS) and conventional (C) (bare soil). After tomato transplanting, the main plots were split into two nitrogen fertilization treatments (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and the sub-plots were then split again into three irrigation levels (irrigation water 100%, 75%, 50% of evapotranspiration). In all treatments, a general effect was observed in the temporal fluctuations of soil CO 2  emissions throughout the observation period which were significantly influenced by soil temperature and water content. The temporal fluctuations of the soil CO 2  emissions were attributed to climatic conditions and the peaks achieved optimal conditions of soil temperature and water content for soil respiration. A larger amount of TOC was observed in the mulching treatments than in the control after tomato harvesting (on average 1.44% vs 1.33%, respectively and on average 1.43% in HV trastment), probably due to the residual biomass of the cover crops and a greater growth of the tomato. Although the soil carbon output as cumulated CO 2  emissions did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments, the soil carbon balance enabled us to estimate the highest net carbon contribution to the soil in HV determined by inputs and input/output ratio. However, except for the BS in 2013, the input/output ratios were >1 in all mulch treatments. In the Mediterranean environment, agronomical practices, such as the use of hairy vetch mulch on notilled soil, a slight reduction of irrigation water (\u221225%) and a rationalized use of N fertilizer potentially could shift the C balance in favor of soil C accumulation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "CO2 emission Fertilization Irrigation Organic mulching Soil carbon Tomato production", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-26", "title": "Soil Quality, Microbial Functions And Tomato Yield Under Cover Crop Mulching In The Mediterranean Environment", "description": "Abstract   An experiment concerning the biological and chemical responses of soil to cover crop mulching was carried out in two adjacent experimental fields (2012 and 2013) under different climatic conditions in the Mediterranean environment (Central Italy). The Monthly Aridity Index was calculated in order to verify the relationship between soil properties and climatic factors under three different cover crop mulches:  Vicia villosa Roth  (HV),  Phacelia tanacetifolia  Benth. (LP), and  Sinapis alba  L. (WM). A conventional management was also included in the experimental fields as control (C). Soil samples were collected at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth after the transplanting and the harvesting of tomato (May and August, respectively), in order to assess the initial and residual effects of mulching on soil quality. In the two experimental years, the amount of precipitation from May to August was 110\u00a0mm in 2012 and 172\u00a0mm in 2013. The average values of AI were 18 and 49 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. LP mulching was sensitive to low precipitation levels in terms of aboveground decomposition rate (the variation of dry matter from May to August 2012 was \u221253% in LP, 64% in HV and 69% in WM) and a lower tomato yield compared to the control in 2012 (4.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122  in LP and 5.2\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22122  in C). WM mulching was sensitive to low precipitation in terms of soil nutrient storage (from May to August 2012 the variation of soil C was 19% in WM., 6% in C, \u22125 % in LP and 10% in HV; the variation of soil N was 44% in WM, 2% in C, \u22122% in LP and 13% in HV). Soil microbial activity and functional diversity were strongly affected by the climatic conditions in all mulching treatments. In particular, precipitation influenced soil C availability, which enhanced microbial functional diversity. In short, the effects of lacy phacelia, white mustard and hairy vetch mulching on soil quality, microbial functions and tomato yield were influenced by summer precipitation and temperature in the Mediterranean environment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Soil-Water Relationships In The Upper Soil Layer In A Mediterranean Palexerult As Affected By No-Tillage Under Excess Water Conditions - Influence On Crop Yield", "description": "Abstract   In Mediterranean regions, the performance of conservation tillage under water-deficit conditions has been widely reported, but conversely there exists a lack of studies investigating its effects during periods of water excess, which are common in these regions between fall and spring. Our experiment was established in 2005 on a degraded Palexerult from a rana, a continental detritic formation, of western Spain to study the influence of soil tillage and Ca amendments on soil quality. During high precipitation periods, perched water tables can be formed in very flat rana surfaces with the upper limit close to soil surface due to the presence of Bt horizons with low permeability. In the 2010\u20132011 and 2012\u20132013 campaigns, when perched water tables developed very close to the soil surface between November and March, we studied the effects of no tillage (NT) vs. tillage (T) on selected soil hydraulic properties in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil layer and on crop yield. We observed the lowest bulk density and the highest soil organic matter content (SOM) for this soil layer under NT. As a result of the higher SOM content and higher total porosity as well as the potential to preserve soil biopores under NT, water content at saturation (SAT), plant-available water capacity (AWC), water infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity were also higher in the NT plots compared with those under T. During wet periods, the degree of water saturation (Sr) under T was higher, and sometimes close to saturation. Crop development and yield were strongly affected by near-saturation conditions in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm surface layer, resulting in substantial yield losses under T.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-06", "title": "Best Management Practices In Northern Agriculture: A Twelve-Year Rotation And Soil Tillage Study In Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean", "description": "In the northern agroecosystem of Saguenay\u2013Lac-Saint-Jean, cash crops such as barley, canola, and field pea are gaining popularity over traditional perennial crops like alfalfa. However, very little information is available on the relatively long-term effect of different crop rotations and soil tillage practices on crop yields and soil quality parameters. This study was conducted at the Normandin Research Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Five rotation types [1: Canola\u2013Barley\u2013Barley\u2013Pea (C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P); 2: Canola\u2013Pea\u2013Barley\u2013Barley (C\u2013P\u2013B\u2013B); 3: Canola\u2013Barley\u2013Pea\u2013Barley (C\u2013B\u2013P\u2013B); 4: Pea monoculture; and 5: Barley monoculture] and two soil tillage practices [1: Chisel plough (CP) and 2: Moldboard plough (MP)] were evaluated. Canola monoculture of was not included. The study began in 1999 on a former alfalfa field and ended in 2010 after three four-year rotation cycles. Barley monoculture decreased yields by 600 kg ha\u22121 in the last five years, whereas field pea monoculture decreased yields by about 1000 kg ha\u22121 in most years. Barley monoculture did not significantly reduce grain yields compared to C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P and C\u2013P\u2013B\u2013B, highlighting the importance of alternate crops every year. Soil tillage (CP versus MP) did not significantly affect yields for all crops in most years; and when it did have an effect, it showed inconsistencies by either increasing or decreasing grain yields. Soil tillage also had insignificant impact regardless of the rotation type involved. Rotation type and soil tillage had insignificant effect on soil organic matter content, whereas CP increased nitrate and phosphorus content in the 0\u201320 cm soil layer. Rotation type had insignificant impact on soil physical properties, whereas CP improved soil water conductivity by 0.03 cm h\u22121 for C\u2013B\u2013B\u2013P and barley monoculture. Compared to MP, CP improved soil macro-aggregate (2\u20136 mm) stability to water as well as aggregate mean weight diameter by about 15% for most of the rotations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agronomie", "agriculture durable", "barley", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "orge", "canola", "chisel", "chisel plough", "sustainable agriculture", "charrue \u00e0 socs et versoirs", "travail r\u00e9duit du sol", "Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean", "pois", "moldboard", "field pea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "qualit\u00e9 du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://constellation.uqac.ca/id/eprint/2873/1/Pare_Lafond_Pageau_2015_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Evaluation Of Seasonal Variability Of Soil Biogeochemical Properties In Aggregate-Size Fractioned Soil Under Different Tillages", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["CP MAS NMR", "2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "Conservation agriculture", "Total organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "Labile carbon pools", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-13", "title": "Corn Residue, Tillage, And Nitrogen Rate Effects On Soil Properties", "description": "A B S T R A C T Harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) residue for use as a biofuel feedstock may alter important chemical and physical properties of soils. Long-term residue removal, linked with tillage and fertilizer practices, could lower soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as increase soil compaction and susceptibility to erosion. A study initiated in 2006 included three levels of residue removal (none, partial, or full removal), two tillage treatments (no-till or chisel plow), and two N application rates (134 and 268 kg N/ha). These experiments were established in continuous corn (CC) at four Illinois sites, with treatments remaining in the same plots each year. In the spring at the beginning of the eighth growing season, we measured total carbon stocks (SOC), water aggregate stability (WAS), soil bulk density (BD), and penetration resistance (PR). Results showed that with all crop residue retained in the field, SOC stocks 13% lower under chisel tillage than in no-tilled plots, but removal of some or all of the residue lowered the SOC levels of no-tilled plots to those of tilled plots. On average for the studied depths, no-till plots had 5% and 39% higher BD and PR, respectively, than tilled plots, and residue removal significantly increased PR under no-till. Regardless of tillage treatment, the highest WAS values were found without residue removal at the lower N rate and with partial removal at the higher N rate. The higher N rate slightly lowered the BD under partial removal of residue for both tillage treatments at both studied depths. Our results indicate that residue harvest generates modest changes in soil properties under continuous corn, likely smaller than the effects of tillage and N fertilizer use in these systems. But as long as residue amount and tillage practices are sufficient to limit losses of soil by erosion to acceptable levels, we believe that corn residue represents a viable feedstock for a sustainable bioenergy industry in the U.S. Midwest.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-09", "title": "Impact Of No-Till And Reduced Tillage On Aggregation And Aggregate-Associated Carbon In Northern European Agroecosystems", "description": "Abstract   Minimum tillage practices have been shown to enhance soil aggregation and soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization. Carbon turnover rate slows down when soil aggregation increases and SOC is protected within stable microaggregates (53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm). However, this has not been investigated in boreal soils. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the long-term effects of no-till (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) on SOC stabilization in four soils typical for the boreal region. Distribution of SOC in different soil fractions in a 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer was analyzed by wet sieving and further isolation of microaggregates (mM) from large (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm, LM) and small (250\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm, sM) macroaggregates. Aggregate size decreased in the order of NT\u00a0>\u00a0RT\u00a0>\u00a0CT at all study sites. In addition to increased mean weight diameter (MWD) under NT, a general trend of redistribution of SOC into these formed macroaggregates was found at all study sites, i.e., the LM fraction gained SOC. However SOC was lost in other fractions under NT compared to CT at some sites and none of the sites showed any significant changes in bulk soil SOC content under NT or RT. Also our hypothesis that there would be more SOC incorporated in mM fraction in NT and RT compared to CT was corroborated only at site 4 under NT. Thus, although the potential to accumulate SOC under NT or RT compared to CT seems to be limited in boreal agroecosystems, the redistribution of SOC to the more stable conditions within the aggregates indicates positive impacts of no-till practice.", "keywords": ["maaper\u00e4", "no-till", "hiili", "auraton viljely", "610", "reduced tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ta4111", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "kasvinviljely", "kevennetty maanmuokkaus", "murustuminen", "maan rakenne", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kasvintuotanto", "microaggregates", "soil structural units", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.01.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-20", "title": "Nitrous Oxide And Ammonia Emissions From N Fertilization Of Maize Crop Under No-Till In A Cerrado Soil", "description": "Abstract   The low natural fertility of Oxisols in the Cerrado region makes some crops in this region very dependent on high rates of synthetic N-fertilizers, which are of growing environmental concern as a major source of N 2 O emissions in agriculture. In a field experiment, we quantified direct N 2 O emissions and NH 3  volatilization (a source of indirect N 2 O emissions) from surface-applied N fertilizer on a no-till maize ( Zea mays  L.) crop in Cerrado biome. We used four fertilizers at the rate of 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  as topdress-N (V4\u2013V6 growth stage), which were regular urea, urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite, calcium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, and a non-topdressed control. The total N losses as volatilized NH 3  ranged from 2.2% (calcium nitrate) to 4.5% (urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite). The N loss as volatilized NH 3  from urea was very low (3.2%), with no significant difference between urea\u00a0+\u00a0zeolite, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate. Significantly, higher cumulated N 2 O emissions were observed with ammonium sulfate than with the control. No significant differences among fertilizers were found for emission factor (EF), which was 0.20% on average (0.14\u20130.26%), indicating that use of IPCC default EF (1.00%) would substantially overestimate N 2 O emission. Free drainage and acidity of Oxisols and occurrence of dry spells, known as \u2018  veranicos  \u2019, are characteristics of Cerrado biome that may naturally mitigate N 2 O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-20", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Combined Application Of Chemical Nitrogen With Organic Materials On Crop Yields, Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In Fluvo-Aquic Soil", "description": "Abstract   Integrating fertilizer nitrogen with organic materials was an important management strategy for sustainable agriculture production systems in most soils low in organic matter. A 33-year-old experiment with various fertilizations in a double cropping system rotated with winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L . ) and maize ( Zea mays  L . ) on a fluvo-aquic soil in Tianjin was evaluated. The six treatments used were control, N, NPK, NM, NS and NGM, representing various combinations of N, P, K, organic manure (M), straw (S) and green manure (GM) fertilizer applications. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of combined use of organic materials and chemical fertilizer nitrogen on crop yields, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN).  As a result, wheat and maize yields in the plot under the N treatment decreased with time, whereas the yields increased in the plot under NM treatment for both crops. The yields in NS and NGM treatments maintained a stable and higher level. Generally, both wheat and maize yields were significantly higher in NM and NPK than those in other treatments. The SOC and TN contents with all treatments showed an increasing trend with time. Compared with the N treatment, the average SOC and TN contents were 38.0 and 17.3%, 14.2 and 6.7%, and 12.9 and 6.1% larger, respectively, for NM, NPK, and NS. In addition, the SOC contents with the five treatments (N, NGM, NS, NPK and NM) increased by 25.5, 33.1, 42.1, 69.7 and 145.6%, respectively, by 2012; for TN they increased by 6.6, 17.8, 23.2, 35.5 and 57.5.5%, respectively, above the values obtained in 1979. TN contents were significantly correlated with SOC at each treatment ( P   Overall, the results suggest that organic manure along with chemical N must be used to sustain the productivity and promote C and N sequestration of wheat\u2013maize system in the fluvo-aquic soils of the Tianjin areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shun-rong Ren, Jun Yang, Wei Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Tillage And Crop Rotation On Soil Health At Four Temperate Agroecosystems", "description": "Abstract   Long-term agricultural production with different tillage systems and crop rotations affect soil health, and thereby influence agricultural sustainability. However, quantifying and integrating the numerous soil health attributes is complex. One method of measuring overall soil health is the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CSHA) used in New York; however, its applicability for other regions should be evaluated. Soil samples were collected from the 0\u201315\u00a0cm depth in 2009 and 2010 at four temperate, rainfed long-term experimental sites in Ontario (Ridgetown, Delhi, Elora, and Ottawa) and we evaluated the impact of tillage systems and crop rotations on 15 soil attributes. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA), the first two components accounted for 62% of the cumulative variability. The PCA eigenvectors were used to weight individual CSHA scores and develop the new Ontario Soil Health Assessment (OSHA) overall score. The OSHA scoring system was 2\u201310 times more sensitive than the CSHA in showing numerical differences for soil health among different tillage systems and crop rotations, which may help growers to more clearly see differences in soil health under different management practices. No-till (NT) compared to conventional tillage (CT) had significantly greater OSHA scores at Ridgetown, Delhi, and Elora, but there was no difference at Ottawa. At Ridgetown and Elora, crop rotations which included winter wheat or alfalfa tended to have higher OSHA scores, while lowest scores were with monoculture corn (monoC) or soybean\u2013corn (S\u2013C or S\u2013S\u2013C\u2013C). This study provides the first soil health assessment for Ontario and a framework for improving overall soil health testing elsewhere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2018.04.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-27", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon, Macro- And Micronutrient Changes In Soil Fractions With Different Lability In Response To Crop Intensification", "description": "Abstract   Soils under no tillage have experienced unfavorable changes, mainly due to current agricultural practices that consist in monocultures that leave little residue cover. The inclusion of grass as cover crops during the winter season could be a sustainable strategy to increase crop intensification in sequences where soybean predominates, helping to maintain soil fertility, organic matter levels and enhance soil physical properties. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of 8 years of sustainable crop intensification (by increasing the proportion of cereals in crop rotations) on soil organic carbon, macro- and micronutrients associated with granulometric fractions of different lability in a Typic Argiudoll of the Rolling Pampa, Argentina. The experiment included two crop sequences commonly used in this area: soybean-soybean (S-S) and maize-soybean-wheat/soybean (M-S-W/S) combined with the inclusion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as cover crop (CC) in winter. The intensification sequence indices (ISI) were 0.39, 0.69, 0.55 and 0.64 for S-S, S-CC-S, M-S-W/S and M-CC-S-W/S, respectively. The carbon measured in the coarse particulate fraction (Pcf) in the 0\u20135\u202fcm soil depth was 3 times larger in S-CC-S than in S-S. Cropping intensity also modified N, S, P, Ca and Mn in the Pcf with no changes in Mg, K, Zn, Fe and Cu contents. Among the carbon fractions studied, only the carbon measured in the Pcf and the easy mineralizable carbon estimated by the soil respiration in the first soil layer (0\u20135\u202fcm), were positively correlated with the ISI. In the present study, 8 years under sustainable crop intensification were sufficient to show changes in the mineral associated fraction (Maf). Increases in the C in the Maf in maize legume-based rotation, suggest SOC accumulation in more stable carbon pools.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "GRASS COVER CROPS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NO TILLAGE", "15. Life on land", "ARGENTINIAN PAMPAS", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.04.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2018.04.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2018.04.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2018.04.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-22", "title": "Impacts Of Long-Term Chemical And Organic Fertilization On Soil Puddlability In Subtropical China", "description": "Abstract   Soil puddlability measures the susceptibility of a soil to puddling, and can influence transplantation and the growth of rice plants. The effects of chemical fertilizers and organic amendments on soil puddlability of paddy soils are poorly understood. This study used two 26-year field experiments (1) to compare the effects of chemical and organic fertilization on soil puddlability by measuring sinkage resistance and hard clod content after puddling, (2) to characterize physical properties of hard clods and (3) to explain the change in soil puddlability. Each of the two experiments consisted of nine treatments of chemical fertilizers alone or in combination with organic amendments. The sinkage resistance and the content of hard clods were higher in the treatments with chemical fertilization alone than in the treatments with organic amendments. The sinkage resistance was positively correlated with the content of hard clods and negatively correlated to content of soil organic C (SOC) and mean weight diameter (MWD). The bulk density, water sorptivity and apparent porosity were similar among individual hard clods from different treatments, suggesting that the hard clods were formed under the same processes. The formation of hard clods was likely attributed to the breakdown of the compacted topsoil by puddling tillage, which formed due to clogging pores by fine particles produced during previous puddling tillage and due to shrinkage upon drying during rice growth period. Compared with the organic amendment treatments, the chemical fertilization treatments contained more and larger hard clods, indicating that the compacted topsoil was thicker due to higher soil dispersibility due to N fertilization and lower SOC content in the chemical fertilization treatments than in the organic amendment treatments. The study also suggests that continuous input of organic C at an annual rate of >2.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  is needed to maintain SOC content and soil structure under chemical fertilization in the study region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lidong Bi, Shuihong Yao, Bin Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-26", "title": "Long-Term Tillage Impacts On Soil Organic Matter Components And Related Properties On A Typic Argiudoll", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic matter affects a number of soil processes and properties. A better understanding of soil-profile distribution of organic matter components and related soil properties under long-term tillage systems is thus needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of 33 years no-till (NT), double disk (DD), chisel (CH), and plow tillage (PT) under corn ( Zea mays L .)\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  L.) rotation on soil organic C (SOC), particulate organic matter (POM), pH, and wet aggregate stability to 100\u00a0cm soil depth on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls) in eastern NE. After 33 years, NT and DD management increased SOC by 1.2 times and mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates by 2 times compared with CH and PT at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. At the 0\u201320\u00a0cm, NT had 1.1 times higher SOC concentration than CH and PT. When compared with data collected 24 years prior to this study, SOC at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm increased by 12.5% across NT, DD, and CH and by 2.7% for PT. No-till had 5 times higher total POM concentration than PT, 4.7 times higher than CH, and 2.4 times higher than DD at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. However, at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm, PT had higher POM than other tillage systems, which is most probably due to mixing and burial of residues at the bottom of the plow layer. Soil pH did not differ among tillage treatments at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm, but it differed in this order: PT\u00a0>\u00a0CH\u00a0>\u00a0DD\u00a0>\u00a0NT at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm and PT\u00a0=\u00a0CH\u00a0=\u00a0DD\u00a0>\u00a0NT at the 20\u201340\u00a0cm depth. The lower pH under NT, DD, and CH in deeper soil depths may be due to the limited or no lime mixing in these systems compared with PT. When compared with data (pH 5) collected 33 years prior to this study, soil pH increased by 0.9 in NT, 1.4 in DD, 1.5 in CH, and 1.9 units in PT at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth, probably due to surface application and incorporation of lime. Overall, 33 years of NT increased near-surface soil organic matter components and soil aggregation compared with the PT.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leonard C. Kibet, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Paul Jasa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-23", "title": "Effects Of Tillage Systems On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Double Paddy Cropping System In Southern China", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in cropland soils play important roles in soil quality and climate change mitigation. Farming management have great impacts on SOC and TN dynamics, and thus affecting soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of tillage systems on the changes in SOC and TN pools under a double rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) cropping system in Southern China. A field experiment was conducted during 2005 in Ningxiang, Hunan Province. It comprised of four tillage treatments including no-till with residue retention (NT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), plow tillage with residue incorporation (PT), and plow tillage with residue removed (PT0). The results showed that NT increased soil bulk density ( \u03c1 b  ) in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. Adoption of NT increased the concentrations of SOC and TN at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth but decreased the concentrations in deeper soil. The greatest SOC and TN concentrations were observed under RT at 5\u201310\u00a0cm depth and under PT at 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Tillage practice had small effect on the soil C:N ratio in the soil profile. Adoption of NT farming enhanced the SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer, whereas PT increased SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201350\u00a0cm profile. The stratification ratio (SR) of the SOC and TN concentrations were larger under NT compared with RT and PT. Thus, the adoption of short-term (7\u20138 years) NT practices is beneficial for the enhancement of SOC and TN stocks in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil profile, and rotational tillage may be an appropriate farming practice for paddy rice system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jian-Fu Xue, Rattan Lal, Zhong-Du Chen, Sheng-Li Liu, Xiaoping Xiao, Chao Pu, Fu Chen, Hailin Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-27", "title": "Soil Physical Properties, Yield Trends And Economics After Five Years Of Conservation Agriculture Based Rice-Maize System In North-Western India", "description": "Abstract   Rice-maize system (RMS) is emerging as dominant option for diversification of existing rice-wheat systems in Asia due to better suitability and higher yields of maize compared to wheat after long duration rice cultivars, and increasing demand of maize from poultry and fish industries. The conventional practice of cultivation of RMS is input intensive, deteriorates soil health and is less profitable. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management practices such as dry direct-seeded rice (DSR), zero tillage (ZT) and residue retention may hold potential to increase yields, reduce costs and increase farmers' profits in RMS. Therefore, replicated 5-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of six combinations of three tillage and crop establishment (TCE) techniques and two residue management options on soil physical properties, system productivity and economics of an irrigated RMS in north-west India. The TCE techniques consisted of transplanted puddled rice (TPR) followed by conventionally tilled maize (CTM); CTDSR followed by CTM; and ZTDSR followed by ZTM in main plots and two residue management options; removal of residues of both the crops (\u2212R) and partial residue (5\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 ) either retained at soil surface on ZT plots or incorporated into the soil in CT plots (+R) for both rice and maize in sub-plots. Compared with TPR/CTM-R, soil physical parameters such as water-stable aggregates >0.2\u00a0mm were 89% higher, and bulk density, penetrometer resistance and infiltration rate showed significant ( P  \u22121  in ZTDSR/ZTM (+R) over conventional practice. Grain yield of TPR was 5 \u20137% higher compared to CTDSR and ZTDSR, which was attributed to increased number of grains panicle \u22121  and grain weight. Maize yield under ZTDSR/ZTM was significantly higher by 4.0% and 14.2% compared to CTDSR/CTM and TPR/CTM, respectively, due to increase in number of cobs plant \u22121  and grain number cob \u22121 . Gradual improvement in soil physical health in ZTDSR/ZTM +R system resulted in higher and stable crop productivity (17.4\u201317.6\u00a0kg\u00a0m \u22123 ) with higher profitability in different years over conventional system. Our study demonstrates that CA based management practices can be adopted for RMS on sandy loam or similar soils for sustaining soil and crop productivity in South Asia.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-26", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Fractions As Affected By Tillage And Soil Texture Under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open Access37 Pags.- 6 Tabls.- 3 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01671987", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Particulate organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mineral-associated organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage", "Rainfed agriculture", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-15", "title": "Effects Of Straw Incorporation On The Stratification Of The Soil Organic C, Total N And C:N Ratio In A Semiarid Region Of China", "description": "Abstract   The soil degradation caused by conventional tillage in rain-fed areas of northwest China is known to reduce crop yields because of major losses of soil organic carbon and nutrients. To evaluate the effects of straw incorporation on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) sequestration capacity in loessial soil, we investigated the effects of straw incorporation on SOC, STN and crop yield in semiarid areas of southern Ningxia for a 4-year period (2007\u20132010). Four treatments were tested: (i) no straw incorporation (NA); (ii) incorporation of maize straw at a low rate of 4.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 (LA); (iii) incorporation of maize straw at a medium rate of 9.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 (MA); and (iv) incorporation of maize straw at a high rate of 13.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 (HA). In the final year (2010), the results showed that the mean soil bulk density in the 0\u201360\u00a0cm depth had decreased with high, middle, and low straw incorporation rate treatment compared with no straw incorporation treatment (NA) by 3.7% (P\u00a0 \u00a0low straw incorporation rate treatment\u00a0>\u00a0no straw incorporation treatment. The mean soil C:N ratio was significantly higher with straw incorporation, i.e., 6.9% higher than no straw incorporation treatment. Straw incorporation significantly (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-03", "title": "Beneficial Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Green Manure On Soil Aggregation And Stabilization Of Organic Carbon In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems need the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices in order to maintain acceptable levels of soil organic matter (SOM). The application of SLM practices helps to maintain soil structure and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), hence improving soil carbon sequestration and mitigating CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere. In an organic, rain-fed almond ( Prunus dulcis  Mill., var. Ferragnes) orchard under reduced tillage (RT), as the habitual management practice during the 14 years immediately preceding the experiment, we studied the effect of two agricultural management practices on soil aggregate distribution and SOC stabilization after four years of implementation. The implemented practices were (1) reduced tillage with a mix of  Vicia sativa  L. and  Avena sativa  L. as green manure (RTG) and (2) no-tillage (NT). Four aggregate size classes were differentiated by wet sieving (large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the silt plus clay fraction), and the microaggregates occluded within small macroaggregates (SMm) were isolated. In addition, three organic C fractions were separated within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, using a density fractionation method: free light fraction (free LF-C), intra-aggregate particulate OM (iPOM-C), and organic C associated with the mineral fraction (mineral-C). The results show that the combination of reduced tillage plus green manure (RTG) was the most-efficient SLM practice for SOC sequestration. The total SOC increased by about 14% in the surface layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm depth) when compared to RT. Furthermore, green manure counteracted the effect of tillage on soil aggregate rupture. The plant residue inputs from green manure and their incorporation into the soil by reduced tillage promoted the formation of new aggregates and activated the subsequent physical-chemical protection of OC. The latter mechanism occurred mainly in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates and mineral-C occluded within small macroaggregates fractions, which together contributed to an increase of up to 30% in the OC concentration in the bulk soil. No-tillage favored the OC accumulation in the mineral-C within the small macroaggregates and in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates in the surface layer, and in the mineral-C occluded within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates at 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth, but four years of cessation of tillage were not enough to significantly increase the total OC in the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration | Rain-fed almond orchard | Semiarid agroecosystems | Soil aggregation | Soil organic carbon fractionation | Sustainable land management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-24", "title": "Cover Crop And Tillage Systems Effect On Soil Co2 And N2o Fluxes In Contrasting Topographic Positions", "description": "Abstract   Soils are important sources of CO 2  and N 2 O emissions to the atmosphere. Introducing cover crop and conservation tillage are among the strategies to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) sequestration potentials with potential to reduce the amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from soil. The objectives of the study were to evaluate CO 2  and N 2 O emissions in rye cover crop and tillage system treatments in contrasting topographical positions. Two replicated field experiments were established in 2011 at Kellogg Biological Station and Mason Research Farm sites, located in Southwest and Central Michigan, respectively. At each site, two replications of three contrasting topographical positions, namely depression, slope and summit were used. The two studied factors were tillage system (chisel plow and ridge tillage) and winter rye cover crop (present and absent). Topographical positions significantly affected the performance of rye cover crop with above ground biomass ranged from 80 to 200\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  and 120 to >500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  in depressions and summits, respectively. The presence of rye cover tended to increase CO 2  emissions across all topographical positions. However, the amount of increases in the CO 2  emissions was \u223c15\u00a0mg\u00a0m 2 \u00a0h \u22121  and  2 \u00a0h \u22121  in depressions and summits, respectively, which were inversely proportional to the amount of rye biomass inputs. Ridge tillage had significantly higher CO 2  emissions than chisel tillage in depressions and showed increasing trends at the slopes and summits. Neither the effect of cover crop nor tillage system was found to be statistically significant across the whole study period on N 2 O emissions. Regression analysis indicated that both CO 2  and N 2 O emissions were positively associated with soil temperature. The effect of temperature on CO 2  emissions was most pronounced in management treatments with cover crops and in topographical depressions. Per a unit increase in the soil temperature was a greater increase in the CO 2  emission in depression areas than other parts of the landscape. The results of the present study highlight existence of complex interactive influences among cover crop presence, tillage, and topography driven variations in soil properties on the resulting soil GHG emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-26", "title": "Maize Yield And Soil Fertility With Combined Use Of Compost And Inorganic Fertilizers On A Calcareous Soil On The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   Excessive N fertilization is a problem in the intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Proper N management is essential to maximize N efficiency and sustain agricultural production while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate N dynamics, maize yields and soil fertility in response to short term compost application and straw return vs. inorganic fertilization. A field experiment (2012\u20132014) was conducted for three years on a calcareous soil in Quzhou county, Heibei province, north China. There were four treatments: unfertilized control (T1), inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK, T2), compost (cattle wastes)\u00a0+\u00a070% NPK (T3), T3\u00a0+\u00a0wheat straw (T4). No significant differences in biomass accumulation or N uptake among the fertilized treatments were observed across the maize growing season. Compost application for three years tended to increase grain yields particularly in the second and third years, and the average yield increase was approximately 7\u201315% over T2. Residual Nmin down the soil profile (1\u00a0m) in the compost treatments (T3 and T4) decreased by 50% deeper in the soil (60\u2013100\u00a0cm depth) at the maize harvest in 2014. Compared to T2, the compost treatments significantly increased NUE and soil available P and K contents. Correlation analysis indicates that maize yield in 2014 was significantly correlated with soil available P and K and with soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, straw return did not have a significant influence on any measured parameters in either soil or plant samples. Our results demonstrate that 30% replacement of N fertilizer by compost is an effective nutrient management strategy to maintain N uptake and yield of maize, reduce N loss and also increase soil fertility. A considerable increase in invertase activity in the compost treatments highlights that the critical importance of integrating the management of carbon and nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production in this region of highly intensive production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Stocks In Different Bioenergy Cropping Systems Including Subsoil", "description": "Abstract   Despite the growing importance of energy cropping systems, little is known about their soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in topsoils and subsoils. Furthermore, information regarding the impact of N-fertilization on C-sequestration for perennial compared with annual energy cropping systems is scarce. In order to study SOC changes in the soils of different energy cropping systems, a long-term study was established in southwestern Germany with the following cropping systems: energy maize ( Zea mays ) with reduced tillage, Miscanthus ( M. x giganteus ), switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) and willow ( Salix schwerinii x viminalis ), as well as a crop rotation with conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) consisting of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus  ssp . oleifera ), winter triticale ( Triticale triticosecale ) and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). The soil is a Haplic Luvisol (Siltic). For each cropping system three N-fertilization regimes adapted to the needs of each crop were applied. With the main hypothesis that perennial energy cropping systems increase SOC stocks compared with conventional annual cropping systems, the SOC stocks were analyzed to a depth of 90\u00a0cm after 11 years of continuous cropping (2002\u20132012). Compared with the control (CT) with 76 Mg SOC ha \u22121 , the perennial crops had significantly higher SOC stocks in all N-fertilization regimes, which amounted to 92\u201395 Mg SOC ha \u22121  in the N1-fertilization regime. The crop rotation with NT also had higher SOC stocks with 93 Mg SOC ha \u22121  in the N1-fertilization regime. N-fertilization generally led to higher SOC stocks in all cropping systems, although SOC stocks did not increase any further from reduced to highest crop-specific N-fertilization, with the exception of energy maize. The current findings also stress the importance of subsoil carbon analyses: SOC stocks at a depth from 30 to 90\u00a0cm made up 44\u201355% of the total stocks and differed significantly between cropping systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-24", "title": "Grain Legume-Based Rotations Managed Under Conventional Tillage Need Cover Crops To Mitigate Soil Organic Matter Losses", "description": "Inserting legumes in low-input innovative cropping systems can represent a good strategy to reduce current N fertilizer dependency while enhancing ecosystem services. However, although the impact of the use of legumes as cover crops has been broadly studied, very little is known about the effects of grain legume-based rotations on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON). A cropping system experiment with three 3-year rotations with different levels of inclusion of grain legumes: GL0, GL1 and GL2 (none, one, and two grain legumes, respectively), with (CC) or without (BF, bare fallow) cover crops was established in SW France (Auzeville) under temperate climate. Durum wheat was present in all the rotations to act as an indicator of their performance. Soil organic C and SON were quantified before the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 6 years (i.e. after one and two complete 3-yr rotations). Aboveground C and N inputs to the soil, and C and N harvest indexes and grain yield of the cash crops were also measured. Inserting grain legumes in the rotations significantly affected the amount of C and N inputs and consequently SOC and SON. After two cycles of the 3-yr rotation, the GL1 and GL2 treatments showed a greater decrease in SOC and SON when compared to GL0. However, the inclusion of cover crops in the rotations led to mitigate this loss. Durum wheat produced significantly greater grain yields in GL1 when compared to GL0, while GL2 presented intermediate values. In turn, the incorporation of cover crops did not reduce C and N harvest indexes or the grain yield of the different cash crops. We concluded that, in such conventionally-tilled grain legume-based rotations, the use of cover crops was efficient to mitigate SOC and SON losses and then increase N use efficiency at the cropping system level without reducing productivity. The constructive suggestions of an anonymous Reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the field and laboratory assistance of Didier Chesneau, Andr\u00e9 Gavaland and Eric Bazerthe. This research was supported by the FP6 Grain Legumes Integrated Project (Food-CT-2004-506223) and INRA. We also acknowledge the French Ministry of Agriculture for funding the CASDAR Leg-N-GES project coordinated by Jean-Pierre Cohan (Arvalis Institut du Vegetal).", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Rotation", "grain legumes", "Grain legumes", "Soil organic carbon", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rotation", "630", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cover crop", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil organic nitrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Can pedotransfer functions based on environmental variables improve soil total nutrient mapping at a regional scale?", "description": "Abstract   Numerous pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been developed to predict the soil properties of interest from other soil properties and, less commonly, from environmental variables. However, only a few PTFs have been developed to predict soil nutrients using environmental variables and to extrapolate them to characterize spatial soil variations at a regional scale. In this study, we attempted to develop PTFs for the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) concentrations in three typical pedo-climatic areas of China (Fujian Province, Jiangsu Province and Qilian Mountains) with diverse climate, terrain and soil types. A series of linear PTFs were developed to quantify the effect of terrain and climate on the predictive relations between the soil nutrients and other measured soil properties and environmental variables. In addition, digital soil mapping (DSM) based on the random forest (RF) technique was performed to test the hypothesis that the best-fit PTFs could be extrapolated, based on soil maps and environmental variables, to describe regional soil variations in the soil nutrients. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the best-fit PTFs for TN, TP and TK ranged from 0.21 to 0.79 g kg\u22121, 0.20 to 0.58 g kg\u22121, and 3.68 to 5.00 g kg\u22121, respectively. Different RMSEs were produced by DSM, namely 0.37-1.89 g kg\u22121, 0.19\u22120.56 g kg\u22121 and 3.79-4.83 g kg\u22121 for TN, TP and TK, respectively. PTFs provided a sound basis for database compilation if the soil properties were highly correlated. However, the extrapolation of best-fit PTFs to regional scales yielded greater errors than those produced by DSM. The comparison results reveal the limitations of PTFs and suggest that their performance could be improved by using environmental covariates or by fitting data in areas with relatively homogeneous soil landscapes. The DSM techniques may provide satisfactory alternatives to predict soil data at both regional and plot scales.", "keywords": ["Digital soil mapping", "Total phosphorus", "Total potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "Regression analysis", "01 natural sciences", "Random forest", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104672"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2020.104672", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2020.104672"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-22", "title": "Influence Of Trees On Soil Organic Matter In Mediterranean Agroforestry Systems: An Example From The 'Espinal' Of Central Chile", "description": "Summary<p>The \uffe2\uff80\uff98Espinal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 agroforestry system of the Mediterranean zone of central Chile, which covers an area of 2000 000 ha, is in various stages of degradation due to human activities. The objective of our study was: (i) to determine the effects of the canopy cover of Acacia caven (\uffe2\uff80\uff98Espino\uffe2\uff80\uff99) on total soil organic carbon (SOC), soil respiration and the labile components of soil organic matter (microbial biomass, and light fraction); and (ii) to determine the influence of ecosystem degradation on total and labile components of SOC. Soils of the study area are classified as fine, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Palexeralfs, typical of the Mediterranean\uffe2\uff80\uff90type environment. We investigated sites according to the percentage coverage of A. caven canopy: (i) well\uffe2\uff80\uff90preserved Espinal (WPE), 80\uffe2\uff80\uff9351% cover; (ii) good Espinal (GE), 50\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% cover; (iii) degraded Espinal (DE), 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% cover; and (iv) very degraded Espinal (VDE), &lt; 10% cover. In addition, a site under native forest (NF) was included to characterize the original state of the zone. Soil samples were taken under and outside the canopy of A. caven at two depths, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm. We conclude that the microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), and total and labile components of SOC are influenced by the presence of the A. caven tree, with greater values under than outside its canopy. Under the tree canopy, to a depth of 10 cm, Cmic was less under all the agroforestry systems than in NF (46 and 30% less for WPE and GE, respectively, and 67 and 57% less for DE and VDE). However, there was no clear trend for less Cmic with increased ecosystem degradation, especially outside the canopy. However, the respiration of microbial communities was affected by ecosystem degradation for both soil depths under the tree canopy, e.g. soil respiration in VDE ecosystems was about 50% greater than that found in WPE ecosystems. Increasing the coverage of the A. caven tree in the semiarid ecosystems of central Chile, e.g. changing from VDE to WPE, would result in an eventual, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (over several centuries) increase in soil organic C of approximately 50%.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00858.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-23", "title": "Biochar From Pruning Residues As A Soil Amendment: Effects Of Pyrolysis Temperature And Particle Size", "description": "Abstract   Adding some pruning residues to the soil could result on phytotoxicity due to the presence of polyphenols. Pyrolysis of those residues could lead to a product with less polyphenols and a potential to be used as soil amendment. Soil biological properties, and, in particular soil enzyme activities have often been as indicators of soil quality. We tested phytotoxicity, using a germination test, and soil biological properties, namely soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N, soil basal respiration and several soil enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase and phosphomonoesterase) in a soil amended with pruning residues and with biochars prepared at 300\u00a0\u00b0C and 500\u00a0\u00b0C from those residues. Moreover, both biochar and pruning residues were divided into finer ( 2\u00a0mm) particles and we studied the effect of adding two different doses of amendments (1 and 3%). Biochar resulted in an increase in the germination index of tomato and lettuce seeds in comparison to pruning residues, while no difference was found for the other plant species tested (watercress and lettuce). Pruning residues showed phytototicity in the tomato germination test. In general, both, pruning residues and the use of amendments with finer size particle resulted in an increase in soil enzyme activity. Our results indicate that soil enzymes are not responsive to the presence of polyphenols and could not be used as suitable indicators of soil quality in soils amended with residues containing polyphenols, while germination tests are more suitable to detect the presence of these toxic compounds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effects Of Cattle Manure Compost Combined With Chemical Fertilizer On Topsoil Organic Matter, Bulk Density And Earthworm Activity In A Wheat\u2013Maize Rotation System In Eastern China", "description": "Abstract   Cattle manure compost (CMC) combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied to a wheat\u2013maize rotation field, in Eastern China, to assess soil physical and chemical properties, biological activity and land productivity. Indicators of organic matter, carbon storage and sequestration, bulk density, water content, total N content and earthworm population from topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were quantified. This consecutive study (2009\u20132014) was carried out on the base of the same total N, P, K application rate (375.0\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , 92.4\u00a0kg P 2 O 5 \u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  and 316.3\u00a0kg K 2 O\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) in each treatment that was fertilized. Six treatments were designed as: (1) CK, without any fertilizer; (2) NPK, 100% CF; (3) NPKM1, 25% CMC combined with 75% CF; (4) NPKM2, 50% CMC combined with 50% CF; (5) NPKM3, 75% CMC combined with 25% CF; and (6) CM, 100% CMC. The results demonstrated that organic matter, water content, total N content and earthworm density from topsoil were significantly and positively ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01) related to CMC input, with significantly negative correlation being observed between soil bulk density and CMC input. The average annual yield of the wheat\u2013maize rotation system significantly increased ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in NPK, NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3, and CM compared with CK, with the highest yield being obtained from NPKM1. Applying merely CF not only led to the lower SOM, water content and total N content, but also resulted in negative effects on earthworm activity, while CMC alleviated such negative effects. Our finding may help to increase food supply by improving soil conditions with organic fertilizer compost application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effect Of Ten Years Of Reduced Tillage And Recycling Of Organic Matter On Crop Yields, Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions In Alfisols Of Semi Arid Tropics Of Southern India", "description": "Abstract   Reducing tillage intensity and retaining residues are important components of conservation agriculture but in small holder systems in developing countries where crop residues have alternate uses such as fodder and fuelwood, recycling or external additions of organic matter may be a possible option. Information on impacts of long term reduced tillage on soil carbon, labile organic carbon fractions and their depth distribution is scant in drylands of semi arid regions. The effect of tillage intensity (CT\u2014conventional tillage; RT\u2014reduced tillage and MT\u2014minimum tillage) and sources of nitrogen (100% OS: 100% of recommended N through organic source; 50% OS +50%IOS: 50% N through organic source and 50% N through inorganic source and 100% IOS: 100% N through inorganic source) on crop yields, soil organic carbon and C fractions in an Alfisol was assessed at the end of a 10 year long term experiment. Finger millet yields decreased significantly with reduction in tillage intensity (29%). Among N sources, highest yields were recorded with substitution of 50% of the N through organic source. After 10 years, the soil organic carbon (SOC) in 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer with MT was 11% higher than with CT. The labile fractions of carbon, viz. particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (KMnO 4 -C) under MT were 47%, 16% and 43% higher, respectively, in comparison to CT in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. The total carbon (TC) and total organic carbon (TOC) with MT were higher by 28% and 27% over CT and higher by 20% and 20% with 100%OS over 100% IOS. Labile carbon fractions revealed differential sensitivity and POC, MBC and KMnO 4 -C are sensitive indicators to detect short term management effects. Reducing tillage intensity and applying various N sources enhanced SOC marginally and the C sequestration rate varied from 62 to 186\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 . Based on the study it can be recommended for substitution of 50% of the recommended N with organic source as it increases crop yields and soil carbon and could be a potential alternative for residue retention for crops which have fodder value. Reducing the tillage intensity can enhance the SOC in semi arid rainfed systems but lower crop yields under MT is a concern which needs to be addressed in order to make these systems acceptable to the farming community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-24", "title": "Annual Accounting Of Net Greenhouse Gas Balance Response To Biochar Addition In A Coastal Saline Bioenergy Cropping System In China", "description": "Abstract   The potential of biochar for mitigating climatic impacts of coastal saline bioenergy production is not well established. A full accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) affected by biochar amendment combined with or without nitrogen (N) fertilizer application was examined in an annual coastal reclaimed Jerusalem artichoke bioenergy cropping system. The net ecosystem exchange of CO 2  (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil heterotrophic respiration ( R  H ) and net primary production (NPP) using static chamber method. Biochar amendment raised the seasonal  R  H  but without suppressing the NPP during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping season. Soil CH 4  emissions were 72% and 80% lower in the biochar amended than unamended plots when combined with N fertilizer application during the Jerusalem artichoke cropping and non-cropping seasons, respectively. The biochar-induced soil N 2 O mitigation efficiency was weakened by N fertilizer input over the annual cycle. Annual NGHGB and GHGI were negative for all the field treatments and were significantly lower in biochar amended than in unamended soils, suggesting that Jerusalem artichoke cropping system served as a net sink of GHGs due to net ecosystem CO 2  and biochar-induced C sequestration exceeding CO 2 -equivalents released as CH 4  and N 2 O emissions. On average, biochar amendment significantly enhanced GHGs sink capacity by resulting in almost 4\u20135 folds decrease in annual NGHGB or GHGI when combined with N fertilizer application or not. Therefore, higher biomass gain as potential alternative source of biofuels but lower climatic impacts of bioenergy production would be reconciled by biochar use in southeast coastal China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-18", "title": "Use Of Compost As An Alternative To Conventional Inorganic Fertilizers In Intensive Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Crops-Effects On Soil And Plant", "description": "Abstract   Intensive crop over-fertilization is causing the diffuse contamination of superficial and ground-waters by nitrates in many Mediterranean areas. At the same time this practice is also damaging the soil in the long-term. In this work the feasibility of using composts as total or partial substitutes for conventional inorganic fertilization (CIF) was evaluated in two successive crops of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most consumed vegetables in Europe. The aim was to offer alternative agricultural practices that are more environmentally friendly. Treatments consisting of various rates of inorganic and organic fertilizers (composts) were assayed in quadruplicate on a sandy loam soil classified as Haplic Calcisol in Southern Spain. Macro- and micronutrients and heavy metal concentrations were analysed in soil and plant leaves. Parameters such as soil basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and dehydrogenase (DHA) and hydrolase activities, indicators of soil microbial abundance and activity, were also determined after each crop. After the second lettuce crop, certain physical soil properties such as aggregate stability and soil water holding capacity were also determined. In the first crop lettuce yields in the compost-treated soils did not significantly (p\u2264 0.05) differ from the yields of CIF-treated soils. In the second crop, however, lettuce yields were higher in organically treated soils than in soils receiving only inorganic fertilization. Organic fertilizers were able to supply sufficient nutrients to achieve similar yields as those obtained with additional inorganic fertilizer. After the second crop, organically treated soils also showed higher C, N, P concentrations and higher Cmic, BR and DHA than soils receiving conventional inorganic fertilization as well as improved physical conditions (a higher percentage of stable soil aggregates and a greater water holding capacity). Also after the second lettuce crop, compost-treated soils showed significantly higher \u03b2-glucosidase and phosphatase activity than CIF-treated soils. Furthermore, lettuces grown in compost-treated soils showed significantly lower leaf nitrate concentration than lettuces grown in soil receiving CIF, thus reducing the potential toxicological risks associated with consuming nitrate-rich foods. Moreover, compost fertilization did not increase the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce leaves. Results confirm that manure and sewage sludge composts can be used as an alternative to inorganic fertilization in lettuce crop cultivation, leading to similar or even higher yields and reducing nutrient-leaching risks, while improving soil chemical, physical and microbiological properties.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.05.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-09", "title": "Two Decades Of No-Till In The Oberacker Long-Term Field Experiment: Part I. Crop Yield, Soil Organic Carbon And Nutrient Distribution In The Soil Profile", "description": "This is the first in a series of papers describing the impact of two decades of no-till in the Oberacker long-term field experiment in Switzerland. The experiment was established in 1994 on a sandy loam and compares two tillage systems, conventional tillage with mouldboard ploughing (MP) and no-till (NT). Crops are grown in a six-year rotation, namely peas (Pisum sativum L.) \u2212 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2212 field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) \u2212 winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) \u2212 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) \u2212 silage maize (Zea mays L.). This study investigated the impact of the two tillage systems on (i) nutrient distribution and storage in the soil profile, (ii) the depth distribution of soil organic carbon and (iii) crop productivity. Soil samples were collected layer-by-layer following cultivation layers and natural soil horizons in a metal frame (0.5 m \u00d7 0.5 m cross-sectional area) down to 0.5 m depth. The layer boundaries were approximately 0.02, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 m for NT, and 0.15, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 m for MP. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TotN), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), pH, and bulk density were measured for each layer. The nutrient distribution was rather uniform within the plough layer in MP. In NT, there was strong stratification, with higher nutrient concentrations in the upper layers for TotN, K and Mg. This was associated with crop residue retention on the surface and reduced plant uptake due to low pH. In contrast, the distribution of P and Ca in NT was rather uniform in the 0\u201330 cm layer, with a trend towards maximum concentrations at around 20 cm depth. Total storage of nutrients per ha in the whole soil profile was similar in NT and MP for all nutrients. SOC stocks did not differ between NT and MP, although the depth distribution of SOC concentration was significantly different. The long-term average crop yield was slightly higher in NT than in MP, but the difference was not significant. Crop yield was significantly higher in NT for winter cereals (winter wheat, winter barley) and legumes (field beans and peas), but lower for root and tuber crops (sugar beet, potatoes). It can be assumed that the high crop yields in NT in the Oberacker long-term field experiment are due to the wellbalanced crop rotation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.05.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.05.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.05.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.05.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Effect Of Conservation Farming Practices On Soil Organic Matter And Stratification In A Mono-Cropping System Of Northern China", "description": "Abstract   An arid environment under long-term traditional agriculture has resulted in serious environmental and agricultural problems on a number of fragile soils with distinguishing physical and chemical properties in Northern China. Conservation agriculture is an alternative sustainable agriculture management system, which contributes to conserving soil, water and fertility, while changing vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM). No-tillage with straw cover (NTSC) and traditional tillage with straw removal (TTSR) in four regions of northern China (Tailai, Wuchuan, Nailin, Yaodu) were investigated to determine how tillage and soil type affected SOM stratification. SOM content, total N (TN), soil water content (SWC) and soil bulk density ( \u03c1  d ) in the 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330 and 30\u201340\u00a0cm layers and the time since implementation of tillage treatments were evaluated. The top layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm) and total SOM content were markedly improved by NTSC. The influence dramatically decreased with depth in all sites. SOM content increased during the first 10 years following NTSC implementation, but the rate of increase was reduced in subsequent years. There was high positive correlation between SOM and SWC, high positive correlation between SOM and TN, and high negative correlation between SOM and bulk density. Effects of conservation measures on SOM content were expressed by a stratification ratio. The stratification ratio of SOM, in most sites, under long-term NTSC were >2. These results from northern China, suggest that long-term no-tillage with straw cover significantly improved topsoil conditions and whole of soil profile SOM and this improvement was obvious in different layers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-09", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term (23 Years) Mineral Fertilizer And Compost Application On Physical Properties Of Fluvo-Aquic Soil In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   The influence of compost and mineral fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) and physical properties varied greatly in previous studies because of differences in site conditions such as climate and soil. This study was conducted as a long-term (1989\u20132012) field experiment to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilization and compost application on SOC content and some physical properties of an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil in the North China Plain. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: organic compost (OM); half organic compost plus half mineral fertilizer NPK (1/2OM1/2NPK); mineral fertilizer NPK (NPK); mineral fertilizer NP (NP); mineral fertilizer PK (PK); mineral fertilizer NK (NK); and unfertilized control (CK), each with four replicates. Relative to CK, the SOC content was higher in all of the compost and mineral fertilizer treatments, but increments in SOC under the compost application treatments were higher than mineral fertilization application. Compost application (OM, 1/2OM1/2NPK) decreased soil bulk density and increased total porosity significantly in comparison with that in the CK plots. Soil bulk density and total porosity for the mineral fertilization treatments, except NP, did not significantly differ from CK. The lowest penetration resistance at 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil depth was observed in the NK plots, and the highest penetration resistance was found in the CK plots. Compost application increased the total amount of water-stable macro-aggregates (>0.25\u00a0mm); however, MWD was not significantly affected by compost application. The MWD in the NK treatment was lower than in CK by 0.2\u00a0mm, while its variation among NPK, OM, 1/2OM1/2NPK, NP, PK, and CK was not significant. The compost- and mineral fertilizer-treated soil had 34.6\u201391.7% higher volume of macropores than the CK soil. The OM and 1/2OM1/2NPK-treated soil had a significantly higher proportion of small pores (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiuli Xin, Jiabao Zhang, Anning Zhu, Congzhi Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-28", "title": "Effect Of Straw Management On Carbon Sequestration And Grain Production In A Maize-Wheat Cropping System In Anthrosol Of The Guanzhong Plain", "description": "Straw return is a widely recognized strategy for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and improving soil quality and crop productivity. A 4-year-long field experiment established in 2008 was conducted to investigate the effects of the combined return of maize and wheat straw on the SOC stock at a soil depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm in an intensive summer maize (Zea mays L.)\u2013winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in the Guanzhong Plain. The study involved four treatments with four replicates: low return of maize and wheat straw (ML\u2013WL), low return of maize straw and high return of wheat straw (ML\u2013WH), high return of maize straw and low return of wheat straw (MH\u2013WL), and high return of maize and wheat straw (MH\u2013WH). Compared with the SOC stock in the pre-experimental soil, the SOC stock in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer decreased by 2.6% under the ML\u2013WL treatment, and in contrast, increased by 1.9% in ML\u2013WH and 14.4% in MH\u2013WH. Similarly, the stabilization rate gradually increased from 2.4% in ML\u2013WH to 10.0% in MH\u2013WH, though an obvious decrease of 6.8% was found in the ML\u2013WL treatment. A significant linear relationship (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) was found between SOC sequestration and the cumulative plant-derived C input to the soil. A minimum C input of 4.07\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 was required to maintain the initial level of SOC. However, a significant relationship (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) also existed between the cumulative plant-derived C input and non-sequestered C. Moreover, the ranking of the treatments with respect to yield and the sustainable yield index (SYI) of maize and wheat was ML\u2013WL\u00a0<\u00a0ML\u2013WH\u00a0<\u00a0MH\u2013WL\u00a0<\u00a0MH\u2013WH. The average SYI of maize and wheat reached a maximum value of 0.651 when the plant-derived C input was 10.51\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, which was higher than the maximum value (SYI of 0.64, plant-derived C input of 9.76\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) found in the MH\u2013WH treatment. Although the high return of maize and wheat straw was the best treatment in this research, more suitable practices, such wheat straw return including longer stubble or maize straw return in combination with sub-soiling, might increase yield and soil C sequestration, ultimately achieving sustained agricultural development in this cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jianglan Shi, Jianglan Shi, Xiushuang Li, Xiushuang Li, Shuo Li, Shuo Li, Shaoxia Wang, Shaoxia Wang, Aiqing Zhao, Aiqing Zhao, Shujuan Wang, Shujuan Wang, Xiaohong Tian, Xiaohong Tian, You-bing Li, You-bing Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-18", "title": "Crop Yield, Plant Nutrient Uptake And Soil Physicochemical Properties Under Organic Soil Amendments And Nitrogen Fertilization On Nitisols", "description": "Abstract   Sustaining soil fertility and enhancing food production on smallholder farms is a great challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of organic amendments and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and barley yield were investigated in the central Ethiopian highlands. The treatments were factorial combinations of no organic amendment (control), 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  biochar only (B), 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  compost only (Com), 10\u00a0t Com ha \u22121 \u00a0+\u00a02\u00a0t B ha \u22121  and 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  co-composted biochar-compost (COMBI) as main plots, and five N fertilizer levels (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) as sub-plots, with three replicates at two sites (Holetta and Robgebeya) both on Nitisols in the 2014 cropping season. Application of organic amendments and N fertilizer all significantly improved soil fertility and barley yield. The highest yield, chlorophyll content, number of productive tillers and nutrient uptake were obtained from the Com\u00a0+\u00a0B soil amendment at Holetta and from Com at Robgebeya. Mean grain yield responses of barley to the organic amendments were 30\u201349% at Holetta and 51\u201378% at Robgebeya, compared to the control. Fertilizer N significantly increased grain yield, chlorophyll content and N uptake at both locations. The highest grain yield obtained was at 69\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  at Holetta and at 92\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  at Robgebeya. The organic amendment by N fertilizer interaction significantly influenced grain yield at both sites. Com\u00a0+\u00a0B and 69\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  addition resulted in the highest grain yield (5381\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) at Holetta, whereas Com and 92\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  resulted in the highest grain yield (4598\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) at Robgebeya. Organic amendments significantly improved soil properties through increases in soil water content, soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH (0\u201320\u00a0cm depth). Addition of B, Com and B\u00a0+\u00a0Com increased SOC and CEC by 23\u201327% and 20\u201324% at Holetta and 26\u201334% and 19\u201323% at Robgebeya compared to their respective initial values. Soil pH increased from the initial value of 5.0 to 5.6\u2009at Holetta and from 4.8 to 5.4\u00a0at Robgebeya at harvest due to biochar soil amendment. Grain yield was significantly correlated with total biomass, number of productive tillers, SOC and CEC. We conclude that application of organic amendments optimizes soil physicochemical properties and will help sustain barley yields in the Ethiopian highlands. The use of B, Com or Com\u00a0+\u00a0B may substantially reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer required for the sustainable production of barley in the long term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-01", "title": "Effects Of Straw Incorporation On The Soil Nutrient Contents, Enzyme Activities, And Crop Yield In A Semiarid Region Of China", "description": "Abstract   The current cropping system of conventional tillage and stubble removal in the northwestern Loess Plateau of China is known to decrease the water use efficiency and crop yield because of soil infertile and degradation. To determine the effects of straw incorporation on the soil fertility and crop yield, we conducted experiments in semiarid areas of southern Ningxia for 4 years (2007\u20132010). Four treatments were tested: (i) no straw incorporation (CK); (ii) incorporation of maize straw at a low rate of 4500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  (L); (iii) incorporation of maize straw at a medium rate of 9000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  (M); and (iv) incorporation of maize straw at a high rate of 13500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  (H). After straw incorporation for four years, the results showed that variable straw amounts had different effects on the soil fertility indices, where H treatment had the greatest effect. Compared with CK, the average soil available N, total N, available P, total P, and SOC levels under straw incorporation treatments were 27.5%, 10.8%, 16.6%, 5.2%, and 9.8% higher in 0\u201340\u00a0cm soil layers, especially in 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer. The straw incorporation treatments average increased the soil urease, phosphatase, and invertase activities levels by 19.6%, 39.4%, and 44.3% in 0\u201360\u00a0cm soil layers, according to the following order: H\u00a0>\u00a0M\u00a0>\u00a0L\u00a0>\u00a0CK. And higher yields coupled with higher nutrient contents were achieved with H, M and L compared with CK, where these treatments increased the crop yields by 22.5%, 22.8%, and 10.6%, and water use efficiency by 34.6%, 30.7%, and 15.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that straw incorporation (especially in rate of 13500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) is an effective practice for improving the soil fertility and increased crop yield in semiarid region of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=AGRI&offset=4100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=AGRI&offset=4100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=AGRI&offset=4050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=AGRI&offset=4150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 10500, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:57:38.809972Z"}