Legume roots can be symbiotically colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In Lotus japonicus, the latter occurs intracellularly by the cognate rhizobial partner Mesorhizobium loti or intercellularly with the Agrobacterium pusense strain IRBG74. Although these symbiotic programs show distinctive cellular and transcriptome signatures, some molecular components are shared. In this study, we demonstrate that 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase 1 (DAHPS1), the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), plays a critical role in root hair development and for AM and rhizobial symbioses in Lotus. Two homozygous DAHPS1 mutants (dahps1-1 and dahps1-2) showed drastic alterations in root hair morphology, associated with alterations in cell wall dynamics and a progressive disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. The altered root hair structure was prevented by pharmacological and genetic complementation. dahps1-1 and dahps1-2 showed significant reductions in rhizobial infection (intracellular and intercellular) and nodule organogenesis and a delay in AM colonization. RNAseq analysis of dahps1-2 roots suggested that these phenotypes are associated with downregulation of several cell wall\uffe2\uff80\uff93related genes, and with an attenuated signaling response. Interestingly, the dahps1 mutants showed no detectable pleiotropic effects, suggesting a more selective recruitment of this gene in certain biological processes. This work provides robust evidence linking AAA metabolism to root hair development and successful symbiotic associations.Boreal forest regions, including East Siberia, have experienced elevated fire activity in recent years, leading to record\uffe2\uff80\uff90breaking greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. However, our understanding of the factors that eventually halt fire spread and thus limit fire growth remains incomplete, hindering our ability to model their dynamics and predict their impacts. We investigated the locations and timing of 2.2 million fire stops\uffe2\uff80\uff94defined as 300\uffe2\uff80\uff89m unburned pixels along fire perimeters\uffe2\uff80\uff94across the vast East Siberian taiga. Fire stops were retrieved from remote sensing data covering over 27,000 individual fires that collectively burned 80 Mha between 2012 and 2022. Several geospatial datasets, including hourly fire weather data and landscape variables, were used to identify the factors contributing to individual fire stops. Our analysis attributed 87% of all fire stops to a statistically significant (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01) change in one or more of these drivers, with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90weather drivers limiting fire growth over time and landscape drivers constraining it across space. We found clear regional and temporal variations in the importance of these drivers. For instance, landscape drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff94such as less flammable land cover and the presence of roads\uffe2\uff80\uff94were key constraints on fire growth in southeastern Siberia, where the landscape is more populated and fragmented. In contrast, fire weather was the primary constraint on fire growth in the remote northern taiga. Additionally, in central Yakutia, a major fire hotspot in recent years, fuel limitations from previous fires increasingly restricted fire spread. The methodology we present is adaptable to other biomes and can be applied globally, providing a framework for future attribution studies on global fire growth limitations. In northeast Siberia, we found that with increasing droughts and heatwaves, remote northern fires could potentially grow even larger in the future, with major implications for the global carbon cycle and climate.Phononic structures with unit cells exhibiting Bragg scattering and local resonance present unique wave propagation properties at wavelengths well below the regime corresponding to bandgap generation based on spatial periodicity. However, both mechanisms show certain constraints in designing systems with wide bandgaps in the low-frequency range. To face the main practical challenges encountered in such cases, including heavy oscillating masses, a simple dynamic directional amplification (DDA) mechanism is proposed as the base of the phononic lattice. This amplifier is designed to present the same mass and use the same damping element as a reference two-dimensional (2D) phononic metamaterial. Thus, no increase in the structure mass or the viscous damping is needed. The proposed DDA can be realized by imposing kinematic constraints to the structure\uffe2\uff80\uff99s degrees of freedom (DoF), improving inertia and damping on the desired direction of motion. Analysis of the 2D lattice via Bloch\uffe2\uff80\uff99s theory is performed, and the corresponding dispersion relations are derived. The numerical results of an indicative case study show significant improvements and advantages over a conventional phononic structure, such as broader bandgaps and increased damping ratio. Finally, a conceptual design indicates the usage of the concept in potential applications, such as mechanical filters, sound and vibration isolators, and acoustic waveguides.
", "keywords": ["phononic", "metamaterials", "damping", "13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "dynamic directional amplifier", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2302/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/9/2302/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma14092302", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma14092302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma14092302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11369/372709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:21:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-07", "title": "Soil resources and element stocks in drylands to face global issues", "description": "AbstractDrylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.Insect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3\uffc2\uffb0C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate ambient (Control\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0no amendment), moderate (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90Low\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level), or severe (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa011\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level) insect outbreak events. Multiple sets of these litterbags were deployed across the MAT gradient, with individual litterbags collected periodically over one\uffe2\uff80\uff89year to assess how rising MAT altered the effects of insect deposits on litter decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) release. Increased MAT and insect inputs additively increased litter decomposition rates and N immobilization rates, with effects being stronger for Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High litterbags. However, the apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of litter decomposition was not clearly affected by amendments. The effects of adding insect deposits in this study operated differently than the slower litter decomposition and greater N mobilization rates often observed in experiments which use chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate). Further research is required to understand mechanistic differences between amendment types. Potential increases in outbreak\uffe2\uff80\uff90related herbivore deposits coupled with climate warming will accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon storage in tropical montane wet forests.Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.
", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "land use", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Geophysics", "Tropical forest", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Brazil", "isotopes", "Research Articles", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jm295dz/qt4jm295dz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-024-01939-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-01", "title": "Interplay between Livestock Grazing and Aridity on the Ecological and Nutritional Value of Forage in Semi-arid Mediterranean Rangelands (NE Spain)", "description": "AbstractRangeland-based livestock production constitutes a primary source of livelihood for many inhabitants of dryland regions. Their subsistence relies heavily on maintaining the productivity, biodiversity and services of these ecosystems. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., drought) combined with land use intensification (e.g., overgrazing) make dryland ecosystems vulnerable and prone to degradation. However, the interplay between livestock grazing intensity and aridity conditions in driving the conservation and nutritional value of forage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed structural equation models (SEM) to assess the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing intensity and aridity level on community structure, diversity, biomass, forage production, forage C:N ratio and forage fiber composition in two semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, NE Spain. Not surprisingly, we found that higher livestock grazing intensity led to lower community plant cover, especially when combined with higher aridity. However, both increasing grazing intensity and aridity were associated with higher forage production after one year of grazing exclusion. We did not find any adverse effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity, although plant species composition differed among grazing intensity levels. On the other hand, we found an aridity-driven trade-off in regard of the nutritional value of forage. Specifically, higher aridity was associated with a decrease in the least digestible fiber fraction (i.e., lignin) and an increase in forage C:N ratio. More interestingly, we found that livestock grazing modulated this trade-off by improving the overall forage nutritional value. Altogether, our results provide further insights into the management of semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, pointing out that maintaining traditional rangeland-based livestock production may be a sustainable option as long as rangeland conservation (e.g., community plant cover) is not severely compromised.Timber production is one of the most important ecosystem services provided by hardwood forests, but clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting causes severe soil disturbance. There is a current need to develop alternative forest management practices to clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting in order to simultaneously promote timber production, preserve biodiversity and enhance forest health and economic value. Here, we experimentally manipulated a Quercus pubescens forest to evaluate the effects of a thinning gradient (i.e., partial tree removal) ranging from 25% to 75% basal area reduction and a logging residue retention (i.e., slash management) on ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling spider abundance and species richness. These two alternative management practices were compared with clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting (100% basal area reduction) and logging residue exportation methods. In each treatment, we recorded soil temperature and moisture, understorey vegetation cover, richness and functional traits and mesologic factors describing habitat characteristics. We found clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting had a stronger effect than thinning on the microclimatic conditions, i.e., higher temperatures, drier soils and reduced forest buffering capacity. The 25% thinning intensity was sufficient to drastically reduce both spider abundance and richness, but we did not find a more significant reduction when more intensive cutting was applied. This result suggests a threshold effect in the response of spiders to cutting. Significant changes in the functional diversity of understory plant communities in response to basal area were observed, along with strong effects on spider communities. Unexpectedly, slash retention appeared to have little or no effect on the forest microclimate, spider abundance and species richness. This work is intended for forest managers and policymakers and aims to contribute to the development of relevant practices that address current environmental and economic challenges. While our findings provide valuable insights into understudied forest management practices in Mediterranean climates, additional research is required, particularly through multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90seasonal and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term spider sampling.2 mm). The amount of CO2 evolved varied significantly between soils (p\u22640.0001); particle sizes (p\u22640.0001) and the interactions of biochar source (p\u22640.001) and forms of biochars (p\u22640.0001) with soil types. Averaged across soils and sources of biochar, CO2-C evolved from dust-sized biochar (281 mg kg(-1)) was significantly higher than pellet-sized biochar (226 mg kg(-1)). Coxville soils with SS biochar produced the greatest average CO2-C of 428 mg kg(-1) and Norfolk soils with PC had the lowest CO2-C production (93 mg kg(-1)). Measured rates of carbon mineralization also varied with soils and sources of biochar (Norfolk: PL>SS>SG\u2265PC; Coxville: PC>SG>SS>PL). The average net CO2-C evolved from the Coxville soils (385 mg kg(-1)) was about threefold more than the CO2-C evolved from the Norfolk soils (123 mg kg(-1)). Our results suggest different particle sizes and sources of biochar as well as soil type influence biochar stability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Hot Temperature", "Swine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Poultry", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:24:02Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Multi-wavelengths in-situ scattering and absorption measurements of Saharan dust particles during FRAGMENT", "description": "Multi-wavelength in-situ surface scattering and absorption properties of PM2.5 and PM10 Saharan dust particles were measured during a dust emission field campaign performed in L\u2019Bour (M\u2019Hamid, Morocco) in September 2019 (Figure 1) within the FRAGMENT project (FRontiers in dust minerAloGical coMposition and its Effects upoN climaTe). The main goal of FRAGMENT is to understand and constrain the global mineralogical composition of dust along with its effects upon climate. Among other issues, the field campaigns are devoted to understanding the size distribution and mineralogy of emitted dust and its relationship with the parent soil properties. A wide variety of instruments for dust characterization were deployed including a radiometer, a fully equipped meteorological tower, cascade impactors, saltation sensors, OPC aerosol spectrometers, a polar nephelometer and an aethalometer, among others. FRAGMENT has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 773051). Carlos P\u00e9rez Garc\u00eda- Pando also acknowledges support by the AXA Research Fund, and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RYC-2015-18690 and CGL2017-88911- R) Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["FRAGMENT", "Saharan dust particles"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yus-D\u00edez, Jes\u00fas, P\u00e9rez Garc\u00eda-Pando, Carlos, Alastuey, Andr\u00e9s, Ivan\u010di\u010d, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Florez, C., Gonzalez-Romero, A., Klose, M., Querol, Xavier, Pandolfi, Marco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "name": "item", "description": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-24", "title": "Effect of particle size on the transport of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles through quartz sand under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are contaminants of emerging concern recently found in soil ecosystems. Their presence in terrestrial environments and their migration to aquatic environments may become a risk for the health of ecosystems and, through them, of humans. Understanding the interaction between particle properties and physicochemical and hydrodynamic factors is crucial to evaluate their fate and their potential infiltration towards groundwater. This study investigates the impact of particle size on MNPs transport through sand under unsaturated conditions. Infiltration column experiments with polystyrene MNPs ranging from 120 to 10,000\u00a0nm were conducted and supported by numerical modelling to derive reactive transport parameters. Results show a significant effect of particle size on the transport of MNPs, with higher recovery values observed for smaller particles (120\u00a0nm; 95.11%) compared to larger particles (1000\u00a0nm; 71.44%). No breakthrough was observed for 10,000\u00a0nm particles, indicating a complete retention within the quartz sand matrix. DLVO theory confirmed the dominance of electrostatic repulsive forces between MNPs and sand grains, suggesting an unfavourable environment for MNPs to adhere to quartz sand. Consequently, particle retention in the sand matrix occurs predominantly by physical processes. Equilibrium sorption modelling reveals that larger particles (1000\u00a0nm) tend to be immobilized in small pores throats due to straining, resulting in lower recoveries. When they are not trapped, particles tend to travel faster through preferential flows due to a size exclusion effect, evidenced by shorter arrival times at the column outlet compared to tracers. These findings highlight the influence of particle size on the transport and retention of MNPs in quartz sand under unsaturated conditions and contribute to a better understanding of their transport dynamics and environmental fate.", "keywords": ["Microplastics", "Q Science (General)", "Quartz", "particle size", "QS Ecology", "nanoplastics", "modelling", "Sand", "Polystyrenes", "Nanoparticles", "Soil Pollutants", "Particle Size", "Plastics", "Groundwater"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rieckhof, Cynthia, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez, Virtudes, Holzbecher, Ekkehard, Meffe, Raffaella,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125193"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-12", "title": "The impact of newly produced protein and dietary fiber rich fractions of yellow pea ( Pisum sativum L.) on the structure and mechanical properties of pasta-like sheets", "description": "Two fractions from pea (Pisum sativum L.), protein isolate (PPI) and dietary fiber (PF), were newly produced by extraction-fractionation method and characterized in terms of particle size distribution and structural morphology using SEM. The newly produced PPI and PF fractions were processed into pasta-like sheets with varying protein to fiber ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively) using high temperature compression molding. We studied protein polymerization, molecular structure and protein-fiber interactions, as well as mechanical performance and cooking characteristics of processed PPI-PF blends. Bi-modal particle size distribution and chemical composition of the PPI and PF fractions influenced significantly the physicochemical properties of the pasta-like sheets. Polymerization was most pronounced for the 100 PPI, 90/10 and 80/20 PPI-PF samples as studied by SE-HPLC, and polymerization decreased with addition of the PF fraction. The mechanical properties, as strength and extensibility, were likewise the highest for the 100 PPI and 90/10 PPI-PF blends, while the E-modulus was similar for all the studied blends (around 38\u202fMPa). The extensibility decreased with the increasing amount of PF in the blend. The highest amounts of \u03b2-sheets were found in the pasta-like sheets with high amounts of PPI (100, 90 and 80%), by FT-IR. An increase in PF fraction in the blend, resulted into the high amounts of unordered structures as observed by FT-IR, as well as in an increase in the molecular scattering distances observed by SAXS. The water uptake increased and cooking loss decreased with increased proportions of the PF fraction, and the consistency of 10\u202fmin cooked pasta-like sheets were alike al dente texture. The new knowledge obtained in this study on the use of extraction-fractionation method to produce novel PPI and PF fractions for developing innovative high nutritious food can be of a great importance. The obtained knowledge on the pea protein and fiber processing behaviour could greatly contribute to a better control of functional properties of various temperature-processed products from yellow pea.", "keywords": ["Dietary Fiber", "2. Zero hunger", "Hot Temperature", "Food Handling", "Protein Conformation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant Proteins", " Dietary", "Polymerization", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Functional Food", "Elastic Modulus", "Scattering", " Small Angle", "Spectroscopy", " Fourier Transform Infrared", "Carbohydrate Conformation", "Chromatography", " Gel", "Dietary Carbohydrates", "Microscopy", " Electron", " Scanning", "Cooking", "Particle Size", "Nutritive Value", "Chromatography", " High Pressure Liquid", "Pisum sativum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Research%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11468586", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:24:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Wafer\u2010Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid\u2010Infrared Photonics and Biosensing", "description": "Abstract
Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.
Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.
Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).
While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.
Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.
The land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017jg004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "AbstractClimate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.
", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.8676", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-08", "title": "Effects of operational taxonomic unit inference methods on soil microeukaryote community analysis using long-read metabarcoding", "description": "AbstractLong amplicon metabarcoding has opened the door for phylogenetic analysis of the largely unknown communities of microeukaryotes in soil. Here, we amplified and sequenced the ITS and LSU regions of the rDNA operon (around 1500\uffc2\uffa0bp) from grassland soils using PacBio SMRT sequencing. We tested how three different methods for generation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) effected estimated richness and identified taxa, and how well large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale ecological patterns associated with shifting environmental conditions were recovered in data from the three methods. The field site at Kungs\uffc3\uffa4ngen Nature Reserve has drawn frequent visitors since Linnaeus's time, and its species rich vegetation includes the largest population of Fritillaria meleagris in Sweden. To test the effect of different OTU generation methods, we sampled soils across an abrupt moisture transition that divides the meadow community into a Carex acuta dominated plant community with low species richness in the wetter part, which is visually distinct from the mesic\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry part that has a species rich grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated plant community including a high frequency of F.\uffc2\uffa0meleagris. We used the moisture and plant community transition as a framework to investigate how detected belowground microeukaryotic community composition was influenced by OTU generation methods. Soil communities in both moisture regimes were dominated by protists, a large fraction of which were taxonomically assigned to Ciliophora (Alveolata) while 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% of all reads were assigned to kingdom Fungi. Ecological patterns were consistently recovered irrespective of OTU generation method used. However, different methods strongly affect richness estimates and the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution of the characterized community with implications for how well members of the microeukaryotic communities can be recognized in the data.
", "keywords": ["580", "species hypothesis", "Ekologi", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "rDNA", "Biological Systematics", "15. Life on land", "03 medical and health sciences", "14. Life underwater", "ITS", "Research Articles", "clustering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27699/1/eshghi-sahraei-s-et-al-220505.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.8676", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.8676", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-31", "title": "Mycorrhiza in tree diversity-ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation", "description": "AbstractThe widely observed positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is thought to be substantially driven by complementary resource use of plant species. Recent work suggests that biotic interactions among plants and between plants and soil organisms drive key aspects of resource use complementarity. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for integrating positive biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, more specifically between plants and mycorrhizal types, to explain resource use complementarity in plants and its consequences for plant competition. Our overarching hypothesis is that ecosystem functioning increases when more plant species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi because differing mycorrhizal types will increase coverage of habitat space for and reduce competition among plants. We introduce a recently established field experiment (MyDiv) that uses different pools of tree species that associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi to create orthogonal experimental gradients in tree species richness and mycorrhizal associations and present initial results. Finally, we discuss options for future mechanistic studies on resource use complementarity within MyDiv. We show how mycorrhizal types and biotic interactions in MyDiv can be used in the future to test novel questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystem function relationships.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "experimental design", "Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ectomycorrhiza", "Article", "biotic interactions", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity effects", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.4059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-14", "title": "Dissipative particle dynamic simulation and experimental assessment of the impacts of humic substances on aqueous aggregation and dispersion of engineered nanoparticles", "description": "Abstract \uffe2\uff80\uff83Comprehensive experimental quantification and mapping of the aggregation and dispersion state of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of humic substances is a great challenge. Dissipative particle dynamic (DPD) simulation was adopted to investigate the aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of NPs in the presence of a humic substance analog. Twelve different types of NPs including 2 metal-based NPs, 7 metal oxide-based NPs, and 3 carbon-based NPs in pure water (pH 3.0) and algae medium (pH 8.0) in the presence of a humic substance analogy were selected for experimental verification of the DPD simulation results. In agreement with results obtained with dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering techniques, the simulations demonstrated that the presence of humic substances reduced the aggregation extent of the NPs. The DPD simulations showed that the stability and dispersity of the NPs increased first, and then decreased with increasing concentrations of humic substances. Moreover, there existed a concentration of humic substances where the NPs became more stable and more dispersed, which was experimentally verified in the case of all the NPs in the pure water and in the algae medium. Furthermore, theory and simulation indicate that both hydrophobic and hydrogen interaction play an important role in controlling the formation of NP aggregates in the presence of humic substances. Electrostatic interaction and steric repulsion are the main mechanisms underlying the effects of humic substances on the aqueous dispersion stability of NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1024\uffe2\uff80\uff931031. \uffc2\uffa9 2017 SETAC
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Static Electricity", "Nanoparticles", "Nanotechnology", "Water", "Computer Simulation", "14. Life underwater", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Particle Size", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "01 natural sciences", "Humic Substances", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Toxicology%20and%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/etc.4059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/etc.4059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-07", "title": "Optimization of the formula and processing of a sweet potato leaf powder\u2010based beverage", "description": "AbstractFor the development of a sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP)\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage, we investigated the effects of blanching methods on SPLP quality (including color, nutritional and functional compositions and antioxidant activity), and the effects of particle size and stabilizers on suspension stability of final product. The total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of SPLP of uncut group were 1.69 and 1.91 times those of cut group, respectively, and the indices of nutritional quality of copper, manganese and vitamin E of uncut group were significantly greater than cut group. The ultrafine SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90produced lowest gravitational sedimentation ratio (49%), indicating it had greatest suspension stability. The optimized formula of SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage was as follows: ultrafine SPLP of uncut group was mixed with 2.5% (w/w, powder basis) xanthan gum, 1% calcium lactate, 2% ascorbic acid, 12% maltodextrin, 20% xylitol, and 0.9% apple essence. The final product had high nutritional value along with consumer\uffe2\uff80\uff90acceptable flavor and texture.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "suspension stability ; index of nutritional quality ; blanching ; particle size ; sweet potato leaves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.70755", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-09-18", "title": "Caper Bush ( Capparis spinosa L.) Minerals and Trace Elements Composition as Affected by Harsh Habitats in Gypsum and Non\u2010Gypsum Drylands", "description": "ABSTRACTC apparis spinosa L. shrubs (Caper bush) are known for tolerating different ecological conditions. There is a lack of knowledge on the relations between the mineral nutrient composition of the Caper bush aerial plant parts according to the soil conditions where they have grown. Therefore, the aim is to study the mineral composition of soils, fruits, and leaves of C. spinosa species grown in two habitats. The samples (soils, leaves, and fruits) of the Caper bush were collected in Abkenar rangeland. Mineral nutrients and trace elements were determined in the samples of soils, fruits, and leaves, using the ICP\uffe2\uff80\uff90MS technique. The soil samples showed a significant increase in C, Ca, Mg, and S, and a notable decrease in P in the gypsum soils. However, there were no significant differences in the mineral nutrients of the leaves between the two sites, but among trace elements, gypsum\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown leaves had higher levels of Li, Se, Mo, Cr, and Sr. Apart from nitrogen, all other elements were within the normal range of sufficiency for the plant. For fruit elemental analysis, it was observed that the amount of S, Sr, and Mo was significantly higher and K significantly lower in gypsum habitats. As for fruit essential minerals, there was a slight deficiency in P, Ca, Mg, and Mn, while the levels of other elements were at the normal range. The biochemical adaptation of C. spinosa buffered or avoided the excessive accumulation of elements in the different soils. Also, the contents in the leaves and fruits were mainly in the normal range and not accumulating toxic elements. Understanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed.Meeting the energy and nitrogen (N) requirements of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing ruminants at the same time as avoiding digestive disturbances (i.e. rumen acidosis) is a key priority in ruminant nutrition. The present study evaluated the effect of a cereal ammoniation treatment, in which barley grains are combined with urea and enzymes that catalyze the conversion of urea to ammonia to optimize rumen function. Twelve rumen cannulated sheep were randomly divided into two groups and fed a diet containing 60% of ammoniated barley (AMM) or untreated barley supplemented with urea (CTL) to investigate the impact on rumen fermentation and feed utilization.
RESULTSAMM had higher total N content and effective rumen degradable N than untreated barely. AMM sheep had a consistently higher rumen pH throughout the day (6.31 versus 6.03) and tended to have a lower post\uffe2\uff80\uff90prandial ammonia peak and higher acetate molar proportion (+5.1%) than CTL sheep. The rumen environment in AMM sheep favored the colonization and utilization of agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products (i.e. orange pulp) by the rumen microbes leading to a higher feed degradability. AMM sheep also had higher total tract apparent N digestibility (+21.7%) and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (+34%), suggesting a higher N uptake and microbial protein synthesis than CTL sheep.
CONCLUSIONThe inclusion of AMM in the diet of ruminants represents a valid strategy for maintaining rumen pH within a physiological range and improving N utilization by the rumen microbes, which could have positive effects on the health and productivity of animals in intensive production systems. These findings warrant further studies under conventional farm conditions. \uffc2\uffa9 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Bacteria", "Food Handling", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Animal Feed", "Diet", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome", "Bacterial Proteins", "Ammonia", "Barley", "Rumen fermentation", "Animals", "Urea", "Ammoniation", "Digestion", "Feed utilization", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/235892/1/235892.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.11205", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.11205", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-12", "title": "Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies", "description": "AbstractSoils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case\uffe2\uff80\uff90studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.
", "keywords": ["sol", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Sustainable development goals", "regional case studies", "adaptation", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "service \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique", "630", "333", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil degradation", "Regional case-studies", "Agrucultural adaption", "DPSIR", "11. Sustainability", "regional case-studies", "Agricultural adaptation; DPSIR; Regional case-studies; Soil degradation; Sustainable Development Goals; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "Climate change", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900", "agricultural adaptation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-07", "title": "Determination of the triple oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 from atomic ion fragments formed in the ion source of the 253 Ultra high\u2010resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer", "description": "RationaleDetermination of \uffce\uffb417O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13C16O16O on 12C17O16O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the \uffce\uffb417O value of CO2. In addition, \uffce\uffb413C measurements require correction for the interference from 12C17O16O on 13C16O16O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues.
MethodsWe present a technique to determine the \uffce\uffb417O, \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method and the 17O\uffe2\uff80\uff90correction algorithm for \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uffb413C values, respectively.
ResultsThe scale contractions for \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb418O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uff9417O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89hours at the University of G\uffc3\uffb6ttingen. The \uffce\uff9417O measurements with the O\uffe2\uff80\uff90fragment method agree with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method over a range of \uffce\uff9417O values of \uffe2\uff88\uff920.3 to +0.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0.
ConclusionsIsotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.
", "keywords": ["550", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "O-17/O-16", "ANALYTICAL SYSTEM", "01 natural sciences", "O-2", "0104 chemical sciences", "O-17 CORRECTION", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "ABUNDANCE", "DELTA-O-17", "EXCHANGE", "DIOXIDE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges", "description": "Abstract
Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well as socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic challenges.
The European Commission's proposal for a CAP post\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 provides a scope for enhanced sustainability. However, it also allows Member States to choose low\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambition implementation pathways. It therefore remains essential to address citizens' demands for sustainable agriculture and rectify systemic weaknesses in the CAP, using the full breadth of available scientific evidence and knowledge.
Concerned about current attempts to dilute the environmental ambition of the future CAP, and the lack of concrete proposals for improving the CAP in the draft of the European Green Deal, we call on the European Parliament, Council and Commission to adopt 10 urgent action points for delivering sustainable food production, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation.
Knowledge is available to help moving towards evidence\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, sustainable European agriculture that can benefit people, nature and their joint futures.
The statements made in this article have the broad support of the scientific community, as expressed by above 3,600 signatories to the preprint version of this manuscript. The list can be found here (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3685632).
A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
", "keywords": ["330", "333.7 Landfl\u00e4chen", " Naturr\u00e4ume f\u00fcr Freizeit und Erholung", " Naturreservate", " Energie", "public goods", "ddc:320", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "SMART targets", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "GF1-900", "11. Sustainability", "evidence-based policy", "ddc:630", "European Green Deal", "QH540-549.5", "agriculture", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "ddc:333", "1. No poverty", "15. Life on land", "320", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "Human ecology. Anthropogeography", "13. Climate action", "evidence\u2010based policy", "Common Agricultural Policy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/People%20and%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-25", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Zinc Pollution On Soil Microbial Community Resistance To Repeated Contamination", "description": "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress (contamination trials) on the microorganisms in zinc-polluted soil (5,018\u00a0mg Zn\u00a0kg(-1) soil dry weight) and unpolluted soil (141\u00a0mg Zn kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), measured as soil respiration rate. In the laboratory, soils were subjected to copper contamination (0, 500, 1,500 and 4,500\u00a0mg\u00a0kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), and then a bactericide (oxytetracycline) combined with a fungicide (captan) along with glucose (10\u00a0mg\u00a0g(-1) soil\u00a0dw each) were added. There was a highly significant effect of soil type, copper treatment and oxytetracycline/captan treatment. The initial respiration rate of chronically zinc-polluted soil was higher than that of unpolluted soil, but in the copper treatment it showed a greater decline. Microorganisms in copper-treated soil were more susceptible to oxytetracycline/captan contamination. After the successive soil contamination trials the decline of soil respiration was greater in zinc-polluted soil than in unpolluted soil.", "keywords": ["Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "trace metals", "Oxytetracycline", "Toxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Captan", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "combined stressors", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil pollution", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil respiration rate", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Zinc", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klimek, Beata", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-25", "title": "Genomic prediction models trained with historical records enable populating the German ex situ genebank bio-digital resource center of barley (Hordeum\u00a0sp.) with information on resistances to soilborne barley mosaic viruses", "description": "Abstract Key messageGenomic prediction with special weight of major genes is a valuable tool to populate bio-digital resource centers.
AbstractPhenotypic information of crop genetic resources is a prerequisite for an informed selection that aims to broaden the genetic base of the elite breeding pools. We investigated the potential of genomic prediction based on historical screening data of plant responses against the Barley yellow mosaic viruses for populating the bio-digital resource center of barley. Our study includes dense marker data for 3838 accessions of winter barley, and historical screening data of 1751 accessions for Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and of 1771 accessions for Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Linear mixed models were fitted by considering combinations for the effects of genotypes, years, and locations. The best linear unbiased estimations displayed a broad spectrum of plant responses against BaYMV and BaMMV. Prediction abilities, computed as correlations between predictions and observed phenotypes of accessions, were low for the marker-assisted selection approach amounting to 0.42. In contrast, prediction abilities of genomic best linear unbiased predictions were high, with values of 0.62 for BaYMV and 0.64 for BaMMV. Prediction abilities of genomic prediction were improved by up to\uffe2\uff80\uff89~\uffe2\uff80\uff895% using W-BLUP, in which more weight is given to markers with significant major effects found by association mapping. Our results outline the utility of historical screening data and W-BLUP model to predict the performance of the non-phenotyped individuals in genebank collections. The presented strategy can be considered as part of the different approaches used in genebank genomics to valorize genetic resources for their usage in disease resistance breeding and research.
", "keywords": ["Genetic Markers", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Genotype", "Chromosome Mapping", "Genetic Variation", "Hordeum", "Genomics", "Potyviridae", "Linkage Disequilibrium", "Plant Breeding", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotype", "Databases", " Genetic", "Original Article", "Genetic Association Studies", "Disease Resistance", "Plant Diseases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Theoretical%20and%20Applied%20Genetics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Changes In Soil Aggregate, Carbon, And Nitrogen Storages Following The Conversion Of Cropland To Alfalfa Forage Land In The Marginal Oasis Of Northwest China", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for sustainable use of soil resources due to the multiple effects of SOC on soil nutrient status and soil structural stability. The objective of this study was to identify the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability, SOC, and nitrogen (N) concentrations after cropland was converted to perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Algonguin) grassland for 6 years in the marginal oasis of the middle of Hexi Corridor region, northwest China. Significant changes in the size distribution of dry-sieving aggregates and water-stable aggregates, SOC, and N concentrations occurred after the conversion from crop to alfalfa. SOC and N stocks increased by 20.2% and 18.5%, respectively, and the estimated C and N sequestration rates were 0.4 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) and 0.04 Mg N ha(-1) year(-1) following the conversion. The large aggregate (>5 mm) was the most abundant dry aggregate size fraction in both crop and alfalfa soils, and significant difference in the distribution of dry aggregates between the two land use types occurred only in the >5 mm aggregate fraction. The percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>2, 2-0.25 mm) and aggregate stability (mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates, WMWD) were significantly higher in alfalfa soils than in crop soils. There was a significant linear relationship between total SOC concentration and aggregate parameters (mean weight diameter) for alfalfa soils, indicating that aggregate stability was closely associated with increased SOC concentration following the conversion of crops to alfalfa. The SOC and N concentrations and the C/N ratio were greatest in the >2 mm water-stable aggregates and the smallest in the 0.25-0.05 mm aggregates in crop and alfalfa soils. For the same aggregate, SOC and N concentrations in aggregate fractions increased with increasing total SOC and N concentrations. The result showed that the conversion of annual crops to alfalfa in the marginal land with coarse-texture soils can significantly increase SOC and N stocks, and improve soil structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Geologic Sediments", "Geography", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Particle Size", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rong Yang, Wenjie Liu, Xue Xiang Chang, Yong Zhong Su,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-08", "title": "C And N Content In Density Fractions Of Whole Soil And Soil Size Fraction Under Cacao Agroforestry Systems And Natural Forest In Bahia, Brazil", "description": "Agroforestry systems (AFSs) have an important role in capturing above and below ground soil carbon and play a dominant role in mitigation of atmospheric CO(2). Attempts has been made here to identify soil organic matter fractions in the cacao-AFSs that have different susceptibility to microbial decomposition and further represent the basis of understanding soil C dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the organic matter density fractions and soil size fractions in soils of two types of cacao agroforestry systems and to compare with an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil. The land-use systems studied were: (1) a 30-year-old stand of natural forest with cacao (cacao cabruca), (2) a 30-year-old stand of cacao with Erythrina glauca as shade trees (cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina), and (3) an adjacent natural forest without cacao. Soil samples were collected from 0-10\u00a0cm depth layer in reddish-yellow Oxisols. Soil samples was separated by wet sieving into five fraction-size classes (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 1000-2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm, 53-250\u00a0\u03bcm, and <53\u00a0\u03bcm). C and N accumulated in to the light (free- and intra-aggregate density fractions) and heavy fractions of whole soil and soil size fraction were determined. Soil size fraction obtained in cacao AFS soils consisted mainly (65 %) of mega-aggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) mixed with macroaggregates (32-34%), and microaggregates (1-1.3%). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content increased with increasing soil size fraction in all land-use systems. Organic C-to-total N ratio was higher in the macroaggregate than in the microaggregate. In general, in natural forest and cacao cabruca the contribution of C and N in the light and heavy fractions was similar. However, in cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina the heavy fraction was the most common and contributed 67% of C and 63% of N. Finding of this study shows that the majority of C and N in all three systems studied are found in macroaggregates, particularly in the 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm size aggregate class. The heavy fraction was the most common organic matter fraction in these soils. Thus, in mature cacao AFS on highly weathered soils the main mechanisms of C stabilization could be the physical protection within macroaggregate structures thereby minimizing the impact of conversion of forest to cacao AFS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cacao", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "Brazil", "Erythrina", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-11", "title": "Evaluating Non-Market Values of Agroecological and Socio-Cultural Benefits of Diversified Cropping Systems", "description": "AbstractWe explored how consumers value the ecological and socio-cultural benefits of diversified food production systems in Finland. We used a stated preference method and contingent valuation to quantify consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of increased farm and regional scale diversity of cultivation practices and crop rotations. Three valuation scenarios were presented to a representative sample of consumers: the first one focused on agroecosystem services on cropland, the second on wider socio-cultural effects and the third was a combination of them. The results suggest that consumers are willing to pay on the average \uffe2\uff82\uffac228 per household annually for the suggested diversification. This is equal to \uffe2\uff82\uffac245 per hectare of cultivated cropland. The results also indicate that 21% of consumers were not willing to pay anything to support more diverse cropping systems. The relatively high WTP for both agroecological and socio-cultural benefits provide important messages for actors in the food chain and for policy makers on future targeting of economic resources within agri-environmental schemes.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Family Characteristics", "330", "Sustainable agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Valuation", "sustainable agriculture", "Diverse farming system", "agroecosystem services", "Agro-ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "10. No inequality", "valuation", "Finland", "diverse farming system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-021-01546-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-11", "title": "Have farmers had enough of experts?", "description": "AbstractThe exponential rise of information available means we can now, in theory, access knowledge on almost any question we ask. However, as the amount of unverified information increases, so too does the challenge in deciding which information to trust. Farmers, when learning about agricultural innovations, have historically relied on in-person advice from traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, such as agricultural advisers, to inform farm management. As more farmers go online for information, it is not clear whether they are now using digital information to corroborate in-person advice from traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, or if they are foregoing \uffe2\uff80\uff98expert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 advice in preference for peer-generated information. To fill this knowledge gap, we sought to understand how farmers in two contrasting European countries (Hungary and the UK) learnt about sustainable soil innovations and who influenced them to innovate. Through interviews with 82 respondents, we found farmers in both countries regularly used online sources to access soil information; some were prompted to change their soil management by farmer social media \uffe2\uff80\uff98influencers\uffe2\uff80\uff99. However, online information and interactions were not usually the main factor influencing farmers to change their practices. Farmers placed most trust in other farmers to learn about new soil practices and were less trusting of traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, particularly agricultural researchers from academic and government institutions, who they believed were not empathetic towards farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 needs. We suggest that some farmers may indeed have had enough of traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, instead relying more on their own peer networks to learn and innovate. We discuss ways to improve trustworthy knowledge exchange between agricultural stakeholders to increase uptake of sustainable soil management practices, while acknowledging the value of peer influence and online interactions for innovation and trust building.Growing sustainability demands on land have a high knowledge requirement across multiple scientific domains. Exploring networks can expose opportunities for targeting. Using mixed-methods combining social network analysis (SNA) and surveys, networks for key soil functions in case studies in Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands are explored. We find a diversity of contrasting networks that reflect local conditions, sustainability challenges and governance structure. Farmers were found to occupy a central role in the agri-environmental governance network. A comparison of the SNA and survey results indicate low acceptance of messages from many central actors indicating scope to better harness the network for sustainable land management. The source of the messages was important when it came to the implementation of farm management actions. Two pathways for enhanced farmer uptake of multi-functionality are proposed that have wider application are; to increase trust between farmers and actors that are agents of multi-functional messages and/or to increase the bundling or multi-functionality of messages (mandate) of actors trusted by farmers.Managed grasslands have the potential to store carbon (C) and partially mitigate climate change. However, it remains difficult to predict potential C storage under a given soil or management practice. To study C storage dynamics due to long-term (1952\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) phosphorus (P) fertilizer and irrigation treatments in New Zealand grasslands, we measured radiocarbon (14C) in archived soil along with observed changes in C stocks to constrain a compartmental soil model. Productivity increases from P application and irrigation in these trials resulted in very similar C accumulation rates between 1959 and 2009. The \uffe2\uff88\uff8614C changes over the same time period were similar in plots that were both irrigated and fertilized, and only differed in a non-irrigated fertilized plot. Model results indicated that decomposition rates of fast cycling C (0.1 to 0.2\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) increased to nearly offset increases in inputs. With increasing P fertilization, decomposition rates also increased in the slow pool (0.005 to 0.008\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Our findings show sustained, significant (i.e. greater than 4 per mille) increases in C stocks regardless of treatment or inputs. As the majority of fresh inputs remain in the soil for less than 10\uffc2\uffa0years, these long term increases reflect dynamics of the slow pool. Additionally, frequent irrigation was associated with reduced stocks and increased decomposition of fresh plant material. Rates of C gain and decay highlight trade-offs between productivity, nutrient availability, and soil C sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy.particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) are
present in a range of consumer products and could be
released into the environment from these products during
their production, use or end-of-life. The high surface to
volume ratio of nanomaterials imparts a high reactivity,
which is of interest for novel applications but may raise
concern for the environment. In the absence of
measurement methods, there is a need for modelling to
assess likely concentrations and fate arising from current
and future releases. To assess the capability that exists to
do such modelling, progress in modelling ENM fate since
2011 is reviewed. ENM-specific processes represented in
models are mainly limited to aggregation and, in some
instances, dissolution. Transformation processes (e.g.
sulphidation), the role of the manufactured coatings,
particle size distribution and particle form and state are still
usually excluded. Progress is also being made in modelling
ENMs at larger scales. Currently, models can give a
reasonable assessment of the fate of ENMs in the
environment, but a full understanding will likely require
fuller inclusion of these ENM-specific processes.", "keywords": ["RELEASE", "transformation", "aggregation", "Urbanisation", "METALLIC NANOPARTICLES", "QUANTIFICATION", "SILVER NANOPARTICLES", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "modelling", "engineered nanomaterials", "NanoFASE", "TIO2 NANOPARTICLES", "Life Science", "WATER", "NANO-SILVER", "EXPOSURE", "RISK-ASSESSMENT", "105906 Environmental geosciences", "ZINC-OXIDE", "aquatic environment", "105906 Umweltgeowissenschaften", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Current%20Opinion%20in%20Environmental%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-23", "title": "Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation", "description": "Abstract Main conclusion
Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.
AbstractWithin the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
", "keywords": ["Genotype", "Hydroponics", "carbohydrates ; phenolics ; amino acids ; carboxylates ; phosphorus", "Plant Exudates", "Rhizosphere", "Original Article", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "Amino Acids", "Plant Roots", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10357-022-4072-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "Rechtliche Einordnung von Gr\u00fcnbr\u00fccken bei Aus- und Neubauten sowie bestehenden Bundesfernstra\u00dfen", "description": "ZusammenfassungAngesichts der enormen Zerschneidungswirkung von Bundesfernstra\uffc3\uff9fen werden Gr\uffc3\uffbcnbr\uffc3\uffbccken in der Bundesrepublik vermehrt errichtet, sodass sich die Frage der rechtlichen Einordnung dieser bei Aus- und Neubau, aber auch bei bestehenden Bundesfernstra\uffc3\uff9fen stellt. Der Beitrag geht dabei auf ausgew\uffc3\uffa4hlte naturschutzrechtliche Instrumente ein, beleuchtet fachplanungsrechtliche Besonderheiten und stellt die Frage der (finanziellen) Verh\uffc3\uffa4ltnism\uffc3\uffa4\uffc3\uff9figkeit von Gr\uffc3\uffbcnbr\uffc3\uffbccken. Accumulating evidence suggests that warming associated with climate change is decreasing the total amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands, although scientific research has not given enough emphasis to particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools. Biocrusts are a major biotic feature of drylands and have large impacts on the C cycle, yet it is largely unknown whether they modulate the responses of POC and MAOC to climate change. Here, we assessed the effects of simulated climate change (control, reduced rainfall (RE), warming (WA), and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA) and initial biocrust cover (low (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) versus high (>\uffe2\uff80\uff8950%)) on the mineral protection of soil C and soil organic matter quality in a dryland ecosystem in central Spain for 9\uffc2\uffa0years. At low initial biocrust cover levels, both WA and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA increased SOC, especially POC but also MAOC, and promoted a higher contribution of carbohydrates, relative to aromatic compounds, to the POC fraction. These results suggest that the accumulation of soil C under warming treatments may be transitory in soils with low initial biocrust cover. In soils with high initial biocrust cover, climate change treatments did not affect SOC, neither POC nor MAOC fraction. Overall, our results indicate that biocrust communities modulate the negative effect of climate change on SOC, because no losses of soil C were observed with the climate manipulations under biocrusts. Future work should focus on determining the long-term persistence of the observed buffering effect by biocrust-forming lichens, as they are known to be negatively affected by warming.Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.Die global steigenden Treibhausgase ver\uffc3\uffa4ndern in zunehmenden Ma\uffc3\uff9fe auch in Deutschland die klimatischen Verh\uffc3\uffa4ltnisse. Betroffen sind insbesondere hiesige Agrarlandschaften, die weite Teile Deutschlands umfassen und schon gegenw\uffc3\uffa4rtig vielf\uffc3\uffa4ltige \uffc3\uffb6kologische Probleme aufweisen. Auch wenn die landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungen pr\uffc3\uffa4gend f\uffc3\uffbcr Agrarlandschaften sind, so h\uffc3\uffa4ngt ihre Zukunftsf\uffc3\uffa4higkeit nicht allein von einer Ver\uffc3\uffa4nderung der Bewirtschaftungsmethoden ab. Die Gestaltung zukunftsf\uffc3\uffa4higer Agrarlandschaften bedarf einer \uffc3\uffbcber den einzelnen Schlag hinausgehenden Betrachtung und ist eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe, die deutlich \uffc3\uffbcber die Verantwortung und M\uffc3\uffb6glichkeiten der einzelnen Grundst\uffc3\uffbcckseigent\uffc3\uffbcmerInnen und -bewirtschafterInnen hinausreicht. Ausgehend von den bekannten \uffc3\uffb6kologischen Problemen und den im Beitrag ausf\uffc3\uffbchrlicher dargestellten besonderen Herausforderungen des Klimawandels untersuchen wir daher, was Zukunftsf\uffc3\uffa4higkeit bedeutet und welche gesellschaftlichen Ziele und Anforderungen sich hieraus f\uffc3\uffbcr Agrarlandschaften identifizieren lassen. Der Beitrag will damit eine Grundlage f\uffc3\uffbcr die Ausarbeitung praktischer Ma\uffc3\uff9fnahmenkonzepte und entsprechender staatlicher Lenkung und F\uffc3\uffb6rderung schaffen. Mit monatelangen D\uffc3\uffbcrrephasen, Hitzesommern und Hochwasserereignissen ist die globale Klimaerw\uffc3\uffa4rmung auch in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren verst\uffc3\uffa4rkt in Erscheinung getreten. Im 2021 novellierten Klimaschutzgesetz wird daher eine Klimaneutralit\uffc3\uffa4t bis 2045 angestrebt. Gleichzeitig sind in Agrarlandschaften trotz entsprechender europarechtlicher Verpflichtungen g\uffc3\uffbcnstige Erhaltungszust\uffc3\uffa4nde bei Habitaten, Arten und Gew\uffc3\uffa4sser weiterhin die Ausnahme. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag sch\uffc3\uffa4tzen wir f\uffc3\uffbcr verschiedene landschaftsgestaltende oder produktionsintegrierte Ma\uffc3\uff9fnahmen die potenziellen Wirkungen hinsichtlich Klimaschutz und -anpassung, g\uffc3\uffbcnstiger Erhaltungszust\uffc3\uffa4nde sowie f\uffc3\uffbcr die langfristige Versorgungssicherheit und die Profitabilit\uffc3\uffa4t von Landnutzungen ab. Anhand dieser Wirksamkeitsabsch\uffc3\uffa4tzungen identifizieren wir anschlie\uffc3\uff9fend priorit\uffc3\uffa4r zu ergreifende Ma\uffc3\uff9fnahmen. Die vergleichende Wirksamkeitsabsch\uffc3\uffa4tzung soll helfen, in Anbetracht begrenzter finanzieller und personeller Ressourcen die geeignetsten Ma\uffc3\uff9fnahmen vorrangig zu ergreifen. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.Submesoscale motions within the stable boundary layer were detected during the Shallow Cold Pool Experiment conducted in the Colorado plains, Colorado, U.S.A. in 2012. The submesoscale motion consisted of two air layers creating a well-defined front with a sharp temperature gradient, and further-on referred to as a thermal submesofront (TSF). The semi-stationary TSFs and their advective velocities are detected and determined by the fibre-optic distributed-sensing\uffc2\uffa0(FODS) technique. An objective detection algorithm utilizing FODS measurements is able to detect the TSF boundary, which enables a detailed investigation of its spatio\uffe2\uff80\uff93temporal statistics. The novel approach in data processing is to conditionally average any parameter depending on the distance between a TSF boundary and the measurement location. By doing this, a spatially-distributed feature like TSFs can be characterized by point observations and processes at the TSF boundary can be investigated. At the TSF boundary, the air layers converge, creating an updraft, strong static stability, and vigorous mixing. Further, the TSF advective velocity of TSFs is an order of magnitude lower than the mean wind speed. Despite being gentle, the topography plays an important role in TSF formation. Details on generating mechanisms and implications of TSFs on the stable boundary layer are discussed in Part 2.
", "keywords": ["Topography", "550", "13. Climate action", "Submesoscale motion", "0207 environmental engineering", "500", "02 engineering and technology", "Stable boundary layer", "01 natural sciences", "Fibre optics ; Submesoscale motion ; Research Article ; Stable boundary layer ; Topography", "Fibre optics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Boundary-Layer%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10546-021-00618-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10546-021-00619-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Thermal Submeso Motions in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer. Part 2: Generating Mechanisms and Implications", "description": "AbstractIn the stable boundary layer, thermal submesofronts (TSFs) are detected during the Shallow Cold Pool experiment in the Colorado plains, Colorado, USA in 2012. The topography induces TSFs by forming two different air layers converging on the valley-side wall while being stacked vertically above the valley bottom. The warm-air layer is mechanically generated by lee turbulence that consistently elevates near-surface temperatures, while the cold-air layer is thermodynamically driven by radiative cooling and the corresponding cold-air drainage decreases near-surface temperatures. The semi-stationary TSFs can only be detected, tracked, and investigated in detail when using fibre-optic distributed sensing (FODS), as point observations miss TSFs most of the time. Neither the occurrence of TSFs nor the characteristics of each air layer are connected to a specific wind or thermal regime. However, each air layer is characterized by a specific relationship between the wind speed and the friction velocity. Accordingly, a single threshold separating different flow regimes within the boundary layer is an oversimplification, especially during the occurrence of TSFs. No local forcings or their combination could predict the occurrence of TSFs except that they are less likely to occur during stronger near-surface or synoptic-scale flow. While classical conceptualizations and techniques of the boundary layer fail in describing the formation of TSFs, the use of spatially continuous data obtained from FODS provide new insights. Future studies need to incorporate spatially continuous data in the horizontal and vertical planes, in addition to classic sensor networks of sonic anemometry and thermohygrometers to fully characterize and describe boundary-layer phenomena.
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