{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "What Are the Limits to the Growth of Boreal Fires?", "description": "ABSTRACT

Boreal forest regions, including East Siberia, have experienced elevated fire activity in recent years, leading to record\uffe2\uff80\uff90breaking greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. However, our understanding of the factors that eventually halt fire spread and thus limit fire growth remains incomplete, hindering our ability to model their dynamics and predict their impacts. We investigated the locations and timing of 2.2 million fire stops\uffe2\uff80\uff94defined as 300\uffe2\uff80\uff89m unburned pixels along fire perimeters\uffe2\uff80\uff94across the vast East Siberian taiga. Fire stops were retrieved from remote sensing data covering over 27,000 individual fires that collectively burned 80 Mha between 2012 and 2022. Several geospatial datasets, including hourly fire weather data and landscape variables, were used to identify the factors contributing to individual fire stops. Our analysis attributed 87% of all fire stops to a statistically significant (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01) change in one or more of these drivers, with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90weather drivers limiting fire growth over time and landscape drivers constraining it across space. We found clear regional and temporal variations in the importance of these drivers. For instance, landscape drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff94such as less flammable land cover and the presence of roads\uffe2\uff80\uff94were key constraints on fire growth in southeastern Siberia, where the landscape is more populated and fragmented. In contrast, fire weather was the primary constraint on fire growth in the remote northern taiga. Additionally, in central Yakutia, a major fire hotspot in recent years, fuel limitations from previous fires increasingly restricted fire spread. The methodology we present is adaptable to other biomes and can be applied globally, providing a framework for future attribution studies on global fire growth limitations. In northeast Siberia, we found that with increasing droughts and heatwaves, remote northern fires could potentially grow even larger in the future, with major implications for the global carbon cycle and climate.Drylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.

In precision agriculture (PA) practices, the accurate delineation of management zones (MZs), with each zone having similar characteristics, is essential for map-based variable rate application of farming inputs. However, there is no consensus on an optimal clustering algorithm and the input data format. In this paper, we evaluated the performances of five clustering algorithms including k-means, fuzzy C-means (FCM), hierarchical, mean shift, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) in different scenarios and assessed the impacts of input data format and feature selection on MZ delineation quality. We used key soil fertility attributes (moisture content (MC), organic carbon (OC), calcium (Ca), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), exchangeable phosphorous (P), and pH) collected with an online visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectrometer along with Sentinel2 and yield data of five commercial fields in Belgium. We demonstrated that k-means is the optimal clustering method for MZ delineation, and the input data should be normalized (range normalization). Feature selection was also shown to be positively effective. Furthermore, we proposed an algorithm based on DBSCAN for smoothing the MZs maps to allow smooth actuating during variable rate application by agricultural machinery. Finally, the whole process of MZ delineation was integrated in a clustering and smoothing pipeline (CaSP), which automatically performs the following steps sequentially: (1) range normalization, (2) feature selection based on cross-correlation analysis, (3) k-means clustering, and (4) smoothing. It is recommended to adopt the developed platform for automatic MZ delineation for variable rate applications of farming inputs.

", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Spatial Analysis", "precision agriculture", "ACCURACY", "Chemical technology", "management zone delineation", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "VARIABILITY", "Soil", "YIELD", "FUSION", "feature selection", "ATTRIBUTES", "clustering; feature selection; management zone delineation; precision agriculture", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Cluster Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FIELD", "SOIL-PHOSPHORUS", "Algorithms", "clustering"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/645/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8746428"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8746428", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8746428", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8746428"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-23", "title": "Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation", "description": "Abstract Main conclusion

Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.

Abstract

Within the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.

", "keywords": ["Genotype", "Hydroponics", "carbohydrates ; phenolics ; amino acids ; carboxylates ; phosphorus", "Plant Exudates", "Rhizosphere", "Original Article", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "Amino Acids", "Plant Roots", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-28", "title": "Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling in a Set of Land Surface Models", "description": "Abstract

The land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.

", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "Abstract

Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "land use", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Geophysics", "Tropical forest", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Brazil", "isotopes", "Research Articles", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jm295dz/qt4jm295dz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants13010079", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-27", "title": "Crinum bulbispermum, a Medicinal Geophyte with Phytostabilization Properties in Metal-Enriched Mine Tailings", "description": "

Ancient grasslands are lost through transformation to agriculture, mining, and urban expansion. Land-use change leads to ecosystem degradation and a subsequent loss of biodiversity. Globally, degraded grasslands have become a priority for restoration efforts to recover lost ecosystem services. Although the ecological and social benefits of woody species and grasses are well documented, limited research has considered the use of forbs for restoration purposes despite their benefits (e.g., C sequestration and medicinal uses). The aim of this study was to determine if Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.f.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick., a medicinal geophyte, could form part of restoration initiatives to restore mine soils in grasslands of the South African Highveld. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the performance of C. bulbispermum in a random design, with three soil treatments varying in level of degradation and metal contamination. The plants were monitored for 12 months, and the morphological characters were measured monthly to assess performance and survival. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the soil and plant tissue concentration of potentially toxic metals. The results indicated that mine tailings negatively affected the growth and development of C. bulbispermum. Although the survival rates indicated that it could survive on tailings, its below-par productivity indicated that the species is not ideal for restoration purposes unless the tailings are ameliorated with topsoil. Although there was root accumulation of metals (Co, Cd, Cu, Mo, and Zn), there was no translocation to the bulbs and leaves, which makes C. bulbispermum suitable for medicinal use even when grown on metal-enriched soil. This species may not be viable for phytoremediation but is a contender to be used in phytostabilization due to its ecological advantages and the fact that it does not accumulate or store metals. These findings underscore the importance of considering geophytes in grassland restoration strategies, expanding their ecological and societal benefits beyond conventional approaches.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bioaccumulation", "restoration", "QK1-989", "grasslands", "11. Sustainability", "Botany", "15. Life on land", "potentially toxic metals", "geophyte", "Article", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010079"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants13010079", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants13010079", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants13010079"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-021-01546-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-11", "title": "Have farmers had enough of experts?", "description": "Abstract

The exponential rise of information available means we can now, in theory, access knowledge on almost any question we ask. However, as the amount of unverified information increases, so too does the challenge in deciding which information to trust. Farmers, when learning about agricultural innovations, have historically relied on in-person advice from traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, such as agricultural advisers, to inform farm management. As more farmers go online for information, it is not clear whether they are now using digital information to corroborate in-person advice from traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, or if they are foregoing \uffe2\uff80\uff98expert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 advice in preference for peer-generated information. To fill this knowledge gap, we sought to understand how farmers in two contrasting European countries (Hungary and the UK) learnt about sustainable soil innovations and who influenced them to innovate. Through interviews with 82 respondents, we found farmers in both countries regularly used online sources to access soil information; some were prompted to change their soil management by farmer social media \uffe2\uff80\uff98influencers\uffe2\uff80\uff99. However, online information and interactions were not usually the main factor influencing farmers to change their practices. Farmers placed most trust in other farmers to learn about new soil practices and were less trusting of traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, particularly agricultural researchers from academic and government institutions, who they believed were not empathetic towards farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 needs. We suggest that some farmers may indeed have had enough of traditional \uffe2\uff80\uff98experts\uffe2\uff80\uff99, instead relying more on their own peer networks to learn and innovate. We discuss ways to improve trustworthy knowledge exchange between agricultural stakeholders to increase uptake of sustainable soil management practices, while acknowledging the value of peer influence and online interactions for innovation and trust building.Growing sustainability demands on land have a high knowledge requirement across multiple scientific domains. Exploring networks can expose opportunities for targeting. Using mixed-methods combining social network analysis (SNA) and surveys, networks for key soil functions in case studies in Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands are explored. We find a diversity of contrasting networks that reflect local conditions, sustainability challenges and governance structure. Farmers were found to occupy a central role in the agri-environmental governance network. A comparison of the SNA and survey results indicate low acceptance of messages from many central actors indicating scope to better harness the network for sustainable land management. The source of the messages was important when it came to the implementation of farm management actions. Two pathways for enhanced farmer uptake of multi-functionality are proposed that have wider application are; to increase trust between farmers and actors that are agents of multi-functional messages and/or to increase the bundling or multi-functionality of messages (mandate) of actors trusted by farmers.Rangeland-based livestock production constitutes a primary source of livelihood for many inhabitants of dryland regions. Their subsistence relies heavily on maintaining the productivity, biodiversity and services of these ecosystems. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g., drought) combined with land use intensification (e.g., overgrazing) make dryland ecosystems vulnerable and prone to degradation. However, the interplay between livestock grazing intensity and aridity conditions in driving the conservation and nutritional value of forage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is still not fully understood. In this study, we performed structural equation models (SEM) to assess the simultaneous direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing intensity and aridity level on community structure, diversity, biomass, forage production, forage C:N ratio and forage fiber composition in two semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, NE Spain. Not surprisingly, we found that higher livestock grazing intensity led to lower community plant cover, especially when combined with higher aridity. However, both increasing grazing intensity and aridity were associated with higher forage production after one year of grazing exclusion. We did not find any adverse effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity, although plant species composition differed among grazing intensity levels. On the other hand, we found an aridity-driven trade-off in regard of the nutritional value of forage. Specifically, higher aridity was associated with a decrease in the least digestible fiber fraction (i.e., lignin) and an increase in forage C:N ratio. More interestingly, we found that livestock grazing modulated this trade-off by improving the overall forage nutritional value. Altogether, our results provide further insights into the management of semi-arid Mediterranean rangelands, pointing out that maintaining traditional rangeland-based livestock production may be a sustainable option as long as rangeland conservation (e.g., community plant cover) is not severely compromised.Investigating active participants in the fixation of dinitrogen gas is vital as N is often a limiting factor for primary production. Biological nitrogen fixation is performed by a diverse guild of bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs), which can be free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living or symbionts. Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs are widely distributed in the environment, yet our knowledge about their identity and ecophysiology is still limited. A major challenge in investigating this guild is inferring activity from genetic data as this process is highly regulated. To address this challenge, we evaluated and improved several 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90based methods for detecting N2 fixation activity (with a focus on soil samples) and studying active diazotrophs. We compared the acetylene reduction assay and the 15N2 tracer method and demonstrated that the latter is more sensitive in samples with low activity. Additionally, tracing 15N into microbial RNA provides much higher sensitivity compared to bulk soil analysis. Active soil diazotrophs were identified with a 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90RNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP approach optimized for environmental samples and benchmarked to 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP. Lastly, we investigated the feasibility of using SIP\uffe2\uff80\uff90Raman microspectroscopy for detecting 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled cells. Taken together, these tools allow identifying and investigating active free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs in a highly sensitive manner in diverse environments, from bulk to the single\uffe2\uff80\uff90cell level.

", "keywords": ["Spectrum Analysis", " Raman", "BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUSTS", "106005 Bioinformatik", "106023 Molekularbiologie", "Nitrogen Fixation", "REVEALS", "FLUORESCENCE", "Research Articles", "Soil Microbiology", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "SPECTROSCOPY", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "106003 Biodiversity research", "106023 Molecular biology", "GENETIC-REGULATION", "Archaea", "6. Clean water", "SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN", "COMMUNITY", "106003 Biodiversit\u00e4tsforschung", "13. Climate action", "Isotope Labeling", "106022 Microbiology", "NITROGEN-FIXATION", "106005 Bioinformatics", "RIBOSOMAL-RNA", "N-2 FIXATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1462-2920.13954"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13954"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.13954", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.13954", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.13954"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-11", "title": "Response Of Microbial Community Structure And Function To Short-Term Biochar Amendment In An Intensively Managed Bamboo (Phyllostachys Praecox) Plantation Soil: Effect Of Particle Size And Addition Rate", "description": "Biochar incorporated into soil has been known to affect soil nutrient availability and act as a habitat for microorganisms, both of which could be related to its particle size. However, little is known about the effect of particle size on soil microbial community structure and function. To investigate short-term soil microbial responses to biochar addition having varying particle sizes and addition rates, we established a laboratory incubation study. Biochar produced via pyrolysis of bamboo was ground into three particle sizes (diameter size<0.05mm (fine), 0.05-1.0mm (medium) and 1.0-2.0mm (coarse)) and amended at rates of 0% (control), 3% and 9% (w/w) in an intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) plantation soil. The results showed that the fine particle biochar resulted in significantly higher soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available potassium (K) concentrations than the medium and coarse particle sizes. The fine-sized biochar also induced significantly higher total microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) concentrations by 60.28% and 88.94% than the medium and coarse particles regardless of addition rate, respectively. Redundancy analysis suggested that the microbial community structures were largely dependent of particle size, and that improved soil properties were key factors shaping them. The cumulative CO2 emissions from biochar-amended soils were 2-56% lower than the control and sharply decreased with increasing addition rates and particle sizes. Activities of \u03b1-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-xylosidase, N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase, peroxidase and dehydrogenase decreased by ranging from 7% to 47% in biochar-amended soils over the control, indicating that biochar addition reduced enzyme activities involved carbon cycling capacity. Our results suggest that biochar addition can affect microbial population abundances, community structure and enzyme activities, that these effects are particle size and rate dependent. The fine particle biochar may additionally produce a better habitat for microorganisms compared to the other particle sizes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Particle Size", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:27:39Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Multi-wavelengths in-situ scattering and absorption measurements of Saharan dust particles during FRAGMENT", "description": "Multi-wavelength in-situ surface scattering and absorption properties of PM2.5 and PM10 Saharan dust particles were measured during a dust emission field campaign performed in L\u2019Bour (M\u2019Hamid, Morocco) in September 2019 (Figure 1) within the FRAGMENT project (FRontiers in dust minerAloGical coMposition and its Effects upoN climaTe). The main goal of FRAGMENT is to understand and constrain the global mineralogical composition of dust along with its effects upon climate. Among other issues, the field campaigns are devoted to understanding the size distribution and mineralogy of emitted dust and its relationship with the parent soil properties. A wide variety of instruments for dust characterization were deployed including a radiometer, a fully equipped meteorological tower, cascade impactors, saltation sensors, OPC aerosol spectrometers, a polar nephelometer and an aethalometer, among others. FRAGMENT has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 773051). Carlos P\u00e9rez Garc\u00eda- Pando also acknowledges support by the AXA Research Fund, and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RYC-2015-18690 and CGL2017-88911- R) Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["FRAGMENT", "Saharan dust particles"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yus-D\u00edez, Jes\u00fas, P\u00e9rez Garc\u00eda-Pando, Carlos, Alastuey, Andr\u00e9s, Ivan\u010di\u010d, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Florez, C., Gonzalez-Romero, A., Klose, M., Querol, Xavier, Pandolfi, Marco,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "name": "item", "description": "9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/9e1e46a677546ac43f1467dca963753e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-19", "title": "The value of manure - Manure as co-product in life cycle assessment", "description": "Livestock production is important for food security, nutrition, and landscape maintenance, but it is associated with several environmental impacts. To assess the risk and benefits arising from livestock production, transparent and robust indicators are required, such as those offered by life cycle assessment. A central question in such approaches is how environmental burden is allocated to livestock products and to manure that is re-used for agricultural production. To incentivize sustainable use of manure, it should be considered as a co-product as long as it is not disposed of, or wasted, or applied in excess of crop nutrient needs, in which case it should be treated as a waste. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to define nutrient requirements based on nutrient response curves to economic and physical optima and a pragmatic approach based on crop nutrient yield adjusted for nutrient losses to atmosphere and water. Allocation of environmental burden to manure and other livestock products is then based on the nutrient value from manure for crop production using the price of fertilizer nutrients. We illustrate and discuss the proposed method with two case studies.", "keywords": ["[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "assessment", "resource", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Fertilizer", "allocation", "life cycle", "manures", "Feeds and feeding. Animal nutrition", "farmyard manure", "Housing and environmental control", "2. Zero hunger", "ta412", "Agriculture and the environment", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilizer", "Crop Production", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Livestock supply chains", "green manures", "Fertilisers", "performance", "energy", "Livestock", "330", "fertilizers", "Allocation", "ta1172", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "333", "Article", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "nutrient use", "Life cycle assessment", "life cycle assessment", "livestock supply chains", "nutrients", "Animals", "livestock production", "alocation", "Fertilizers", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "carbon", "use efficiency", "food security", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "livestock", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "protein"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10346452", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:28:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-29", "title": "Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Accumulation and Nitrogen Leaching as Affected by Legume Crop Residues on Sandy Loam in the Eastern Baltic Region", "description": "

Legumes have a wide range of positive effects on soil properties, including nitrogen and carbon storage, soil structure and the phytosanitary condition of crops. From an agronomic point of view, legumes are most valued for their ability to take up atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of legume residues (peas, fodder beans, narrow-leaved lupins) on the N (Ntotal) and organic carbon (Corg) accumulation in soil and N leaching under temperate climate conditions. The experiment was carried out in lysimetric equipment in 2016\u20132023. The effect of legumes on Corg and Ntotal accumulation in soil and N leaching were studied in a Fabaceae\u2013Cereals sequence. Three species of legumes\u2014peas, fodder beans and narrow-leaved lupines\u2014were tested; spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown as a control treatment. The lysimeter surface area was 1.75 m2 and the experimental soil layer was 0.60 m (sand loam Haplic Luvisol). It was found that after harvesting, more residues were incorporated into the soil with lupines (p < 0.05), which, compared to pea and bean residues, increased Ntotal and Corg concentrations in the soil. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.95) between the Ntotal concentration in the soil and the N amount incorporated with residues. Mineral N released during residue decomposition was leached from the humic horizon under conditions of excess moisture in the autumn\u2013winter period and increased the nitrate concentration in the lysimeter water. The increase in concentration was recorded within 5 to 6 months after the application of the residues. As a result, the N leaching losses increased on average by 24.7\u201333.2% (p < 0.05) during the year of legume cultivation. In the following year, after legume residue incorporation, the effect of residues on nitrate concentration and N leaching decreased and did not differ significantly from that of barley residues.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "leaching", "below-ground biomass", "organic carbon", "QK1-989", "Botany", "nitrogen; organic carbon; leaching; above-ground biomass; below-ground biomass", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "Article", "above-ground biomass"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tripolskaja, Liudmila, Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Asta, Razukas, Almantas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2478/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2478/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10346452"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10346452", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10346452", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10346452"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11101930", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:28:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-05", "title": "Robenidine derivatives as potential antischistosomal drug candidates", "description": "Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma spp. is a disease that causes a considerable health burden to millions of people worldwide. The limited availability of effective drugs on the market and the increased risk of resistance development due to extensive usage, highlight the urgent need for new antischistosomal drugs. Recent studies have shown that robenidine derivatives, containing an aminoguanidine core, exhibit promising activities against Plasmodium falciparum, motivating further investigation into their efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni, due to their similar habitat and the resulting related cellular mechanisms like the heme detoxification pathway. The conducted phenotypic screening of robenidine and 80 derivatives against newly transformed schistosomula and adult Schistosoma mansoni yielded 11 candidates with low EC50 values for newly transformed schistosomula (1.12-4.63\u00a0\u03bcM) and adults (2.78-9.47\u00a0\u03bcM). The structure-activity relationship revealed that electron-withdrawing groups at the phenyl moiety, as well as the presence of methyl groups adjacent to the guanidine moiety, enhanced the activity of derivatives against both stages of Schistosoma mansoni. The two compounds 2,2'-Bis[(3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl)methylene] carbonimidic Dihydrazide Hydrochloride (1) and 2,2'-Bis[(4-difluoromethoxyphenyl) ethylidene] carbonimidic Dihydrazide Hydrochloride (19), were selected for an in vivo study in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice based on their potency, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic-, and physicochemical properties, but failed to reduce the worm burden significantly (worm burden reduction <20%). Thus, robenidine derivatives require further refinements to obtain higher antischistosomal specificity and in vivo activity.", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Drug discovery", "Infectious and parasitic diseases", "RC109-216", "Schistosoma mansoni", "Structure-activity relationship", "Guanidines", "Article", "Schistosomiasis mansoni", "3. Good health", "Mice", "Schistosomicides", "Structure-Activity Relationship", "03 medical and health sciences", "Aminoguanidine", "Animals", "Female", "Robenidine derivative"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian N. Lotz, Alina Krollenbrock, Lea Imhof, Michael Riscoe, Jennifer Keiser,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11101930"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20for%20Parasitology%3A%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Resistance", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11101930", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11101930", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11101930"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11468586", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:28:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Wafer\u2010Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid\u2010Infrared Photonics and Biosensing", "description": "Abstract

Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Approximately one\uffe2\uff80\uff90third of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted to the atmosphere consists of isoprene, originating from the terrestrial and marine biosphere, with a profound effect on atmospheric chemistry. However, isoprene provides an abundant and largely unexplored source of carbon and energy for microbes. The potential for isoprene degradation in marine and estuarine samples from the Colne Estuary, UK, was investigated using DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90Stable Isotope Probing (DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP). Analysis at two timepoints showed the development of communities dominated by Actinobacteria including members of the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium and Gordonia. Representative isolates, capable of growth on isoprene as sole carbon and energy source, were obtained from marine and estuarine locations, and isoprene\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading strains of Gordonia and Mycobacterium were characterised physiologically and their genomes were sequenced. Genes predicted to be required for isoprene metabolism, including four\uffe2\uff80\uff90component isoprene monooxygenases (IsoMO), were identified and compared with previously characterised examples. Transcriptional and activity assays of strains growing on isoprene or alternative carbon sources showed that growth on isoprene is an inducible trait requiring a specific IsoMO. This study is the first to identify active isoprene degraders in estuarine and marine environments using DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP and to characterise marine isoprene\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading bacteria at the physiological and molecular level.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Base Sequence", "610", "QR Microbiology", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "Environment", "6. Clean water", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "Mycobacterium", "03 medical and health sciences", "Hemiterpenes", "13. Climate action", "Pentanes", "Butadienes", "Rhodococcus", "14. Life underwater", "Gordonia Bacterium", "Research Articles", "Genome", " Bacterial", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/63998/4/Published_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1462-2920.13842/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13842"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.13842", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.13842", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.13842"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017jg004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "Abstract

Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Earthworms are a key faunal group in agricultural soils, but little is known on how farming systems affect their communities across wide climatic gradients and how farming system choice might mediate earthworms' exposure to climate conditions. Here, we studied arable soil earthworm communities on wheat fields across a European climatic gradient, covering nine pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zones, from Mediterranean to Boreal (S to N) and from Lusitanian to Pannonian (W to E). In each zone, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 wheat fields under conventional or organic farming were sampled. Community metrics (total abundance, fresh mass, and species richness and composition) were combined with data on climate conditions, soil properties, and field management and analyzed with mixed models. There were no statistically discernible differences between organic and conventional farming for any of the community metrics. The effects of refined arable management factors were also not detected, except for an elevated proportion of subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding earthworms when crop residues were incorporated. Soil properties were not significantly associated with earthworm community variations, which in the case of soil texture was likely due to low variation in the data. Pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone was an overridingly important factor in explaining the variation in community metrics. The Boreal zone had the highest mean total abundance (179\uffe2\uff80\uff89individuals\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and fresh mass (86\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of earthworms while the southernmost Mediterranean zones had the lowest metrics (<1\uffe2\uff80\uff89individual\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and <1\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Within each field, species richness was low across the zones, with the highest values being recorded at the Nemoral and North Atlantic zones (mean of 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 species per field) and declining from there toward north and south. No litter\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling species were found in the southernmost, Mediterranean zones. These regional trends were discernibly related to climate, with the community metrics declining with the increasing mean annual temperature. The current continent\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide warming of Europe and related increase of severe and rapid onsetting droughts will likely deteriorate the living conditions of earthworms, particularly in southern Europe. The lack of interaction between the pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic zone and the farming system in our data for any of the earthworm community metrics may indicate limited opportunities for alleviating the negative effects of a warming climate in cereal field soils of Europe.

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.

Two years after a large wildfire in managed even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).

While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf\uffe2\uff80\uff90shrub Vaccinium vitis\uffe2\uff80\uff90idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related fire severity.

Synthesis: Our results 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low\uffe2\uff80\uff90severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term recovery of stand structure and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species composition of even\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged P.\uffe2\uff80\uff89sylvestris boreal forests.

Timber production is one of the most important ecosystem services provided by hardwood forests, but clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting causes severe soil disturbance. There is a current need to develop alternative forest management practices to clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting in order to simultaneously promote timber production, preserve biodiversity and enhance forest health and economic value. Here, we experimentally manipulated a Quercus pubescens forest to evaluate the effects of a thinning gradient (i.e., partial tree removal) ranging from 25% to 75% basal area reduction and a logging residue retention (i.e., slash management) on ground\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling spider abundance and species richness. These two alternative management practices were compared with clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting (100% basal area reduction) and logging residue exportation methods. In each treatment, we recorded soil temperature and moisture, understorey vegetation cover, richness and functional traits and mesologic factors describing habitat characteristics. We found clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting had a stronger effect than thinning on the microclimatic conditions, i.e., higher temperatures, drier soils and reduced forest buffering capacity. The 25% thinning intensity was sufficient to drastically reduce both spider abundance and richness, but we did not find a more significant reduction when more intensive cutting was applied. This result suggests a threshold effect in the response of spiders to cutting. Significant changes in the functional diversity of understory plant communities in response to basal area were observed, along with strong effects on spider communities. Unexpectedly, slash retention appeared to have little or no effect on the forest microclimate, spider abundance and species richness. This work is intended for forest managers and policymakers and aims to contribute to the development of relevant practices that address current environmental and economic challenges. While our findings provide valuable insights into understudied forest management practices in Mediterranean climates, additional research is required, particularly through multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90seasonal and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term spider sampling.Long amplicon metabarcoding has opened the door for phylogenetic analysis of the largely unknown communities of microeukaryotes in soil. Here, we amplified and sequenced the ITS and LSU regions of the rDNA operon (around 1500\uffc2\uffa0bp) from grassland soils using PacBio SMRT sequencing. We tested how three different methods for generation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) effected estimated richness and identified taxa, and how well large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale ecological patterns associated with shifting environmental conditions were recovered in data from the three methods. The field site at Kungs\uffc3\uffa4ngen Nature Reserve has drawn frequent visitors since Linnaeus's time, and its species rich vegetation includes the largest population of Fritillaria meleagris in Sweden. To test the effect of different OTU generation methods, we sampled soils across an abrupt moisture transition that divides the meadow community into a Carex acuta dominated plant community with low species richness in the wetter part, which is visually distinct from the mesic\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry part that has a species rich grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated plant community including a high frequency of F.\uffc2\uffa0meleagris. We used the moisture and plant community transition as a framework to investigate how detected belowground microeukaryotic community composition was influenced by OTU generation methods. Soil communities in both moisture regimes were dominated by protists, a large fraction of which were taxonomically assigned to Ciliophora (Alveolata) while 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% of all reads were assigned to kingdom Fungi. Ecological patterns were consistently recovered irrespective of OTU generation method used. However, different methods strongly affect richness estimates and the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution of the characterized community with implications for how well members of the microeukaryotic communities can be recognized in the data.

", "keywords": ["580", "species hypothesis", "Ekologi", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "rDNA", "Biological Systematics", "15. Life on land", "03 medical and health sciences", "14. Life underwater", "ITS", "Research Articles", "clustering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/27699/1/eshghi-sahraei-s-et-al-220505.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.8676", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.8676", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.8676"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.9322", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-22", "title": "Impacts of insect frass and cadavers on soil surface litter decomposition along a tropical forest temperature gradient", "description": "Abstract

Insect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3\uffc2\uffb0C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate ambient (Control\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0no amendment), moderate (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90Low\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level), or severe (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa011\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level) insect outbreak events. Multiple sets of these litterbags were deployed across the MAT gradient, with individual litterbags collected periodically over one\uffe2\uff80\uff89year to assess how rising MAT altered the effects of insect deposits on litter decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) release. Increased MAT and insect inputs additively increased litter decomposition rates and N immobilization rates, with effects being stronger for Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High litterbags. However, the apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of litter decomposition was not clearly affected by amendments. The effects of adding insect deposits in this study operated differently than the slower litter decomposition and greater N mobilization rates often observed in experiments which use chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate). Further research is required to understand mechanistic differences between amendment types. Potential increases in outbreak\uffe2\uff80\uff90related herbivore deposits coupled with climate warming will accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon storage in tropical montane wet forests.The widely observed positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is thought to be substantially driven by complementary resource use of plant species. Recent work suggests that biotic interactions among plants and between plants and soil organisms drive key aspects of resource use complementarity. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for integrating positive biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, more specifically between plants and mycorrhizal types, to explain resource use complementarity in plants and its consequences for plant competition. Our overarching hypothesis is that ecosystem functioning increases when more plant species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi because differing mycorrhizal types will increase coverage of habitat space for and reduce competition among plants. We introduce a recently established field experiment (MyDiv) that uses different pools of tree species that associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi to create orthogonal experimental gradients in tree species richness and mycorrhizal associations and present initial results. Finally, we discuss options for future mechanistic studies on resource use complementarity within MyDiv. We show how mycorrhizal types and biotic interactions in MyDiv can be used in the future to test novel questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystem function relationships.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "experimental design", "Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ectomycorrhiza", "Article", "biotic interactions", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity effects", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.2226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.2226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-21", "title": "Soil chemistry turned upside down: a meta\u2010analysis of invasive earthworm effects on soil chemical properties", "description": "Abstract

Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.

", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/etc.4059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-14", "title": "Dissipative particle dynamic simulation and experimental assessment of the impacts of humic substances on aqueous aggregation and dispersion of engineered nanoparticles", "description": "Abstract \uffe2\uff80\uff83

Comprehensive experimental quantification and mapping of the aggregation and dispersion state of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of humic substances is a great challenge. Dissipative particle dynamic (DPD) simulation was adopted to investigate the aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of NPs in the presence of a humic substance analog. Twelve different types of NPs including 2 metal-based NPs, 7 metal oxide-based NPs, and 3 carbon-based NPs in pure water (pH 3.0) and algae medium (pH 8.0) in the presence of a humic substance analogy were selected for experimental verification of the DPD simulation results. In agreement with results obtained with dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering techniques, the simulations demonstrated that the presence of humic substances reduced the aggregation extent of the NPs. The DPD simulations showed that the stability and dispersity of the NPs increased first, and then decreased with increasing concentrations of humic substances. Moreover, there existed a concentration of humic substances where the NPs became more stable and more dispersed, which was experimentally verified in the case of all the NPs in the pure water and in the algae medium. Furthermore, theory and simulation indicate that both hydrophobic and hydrogen interaction play an important role in controlling the formation of NP aggregates in the presence of humic substances. Electrostatic interaction and steric repulsion are the main mechanisms underlying the effects of humic substances on the aqueous dispersion stability of NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1024\uffe2\uff80\uff931031. \uffc2\uffa9 2017 SETAC

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Static Electricity", "Nanoparticles", "Nanotechnology", "Water", "Computer Simulation", "14. Life underwater", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Particle Size", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "01 natural sciences", "Humic Substances", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Toxicology%20and%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/etc.4059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/etc.4059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/etc.4059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-07", "title": "Optimization of the formula and processing of a sweet potato leaf powder\u2010based beverage", "description": "Abstract

For the development of a sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP)\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage, we investigated the effects of blanching methods on SPLP quality (including color, nutritional and functional compositions and antioxidant activity), and the effects of particle size and stabilizers on suspension stability of final product. The total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of SPLP of uncut group were 1.69 and 1.91 times those of cut group, respectively, and the indices of nutritional quality of copper, manganese and vitamin E of uncut group were significantly greater than cut group. The ultrafine SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90produced lowest gravitational sedimentation ratio (49%), indicating it had greatest suspension stability. The optimized formula of SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage was as follows: ultrafine SPLP of uncut group was mixed with 2.5% (w/w, powder basis) xanthan gum, 1% calcium lactate, 2% ascorbic acid, 12% maltodextrin, 20% xylitol, and 0.9% apple essence. The final product had high nutritional value along with consumer\uffe2\uff80\uff90acceptable flavor and texture.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "suspension stability ; index of nutritional quality ; blanching ; particle size ; sweet potato leaves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.70755", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-09-18", "title": "Caper Bush ( Capparis spinosa L.) Minerals and Trace Elements Composition as Affected by Harsh Habitats in Gypsum and Non\u2010Gypsum Drylands", "description": "ABSTRACT

C apparis spinosa L. shrubs (Caper bush) are known for tolerating different ecological conditions. There is a lack of knowledge on the relations between the mineral nutrient composition of the Caper bush aerial plant parts according to the soil conditions where they have grown. Therefore, the aim is to study the mineral composition of soils, fruits, and leaves of C. spinosa species grown in two habitats. The samples (soils, leaves, and fruits) of the Caper bush were collected in Abkenar rangeland. Mineral nutrients and trace elements were determined in the samples of soils, fruits, and leaves, using the ICP\uffe2\uff80\uff90MS technique. The soil samples showed a significant increase in C, Ca, Mg, and S, and a notable decrease in P in the gypsum soils. However, there were no significant differences in the mineral nutrients of the leaves between the two sites, but among trace elements, gypsum\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown leaves had higher levels of Li, Se, Mo, Cr, and Sr. Apart from nitrogen, all other elements were within the normal range of sufficiency for the plant. For fruit elemental analysis, it was observed that the amount of S, Sr, and Mo was significantly higher and K significantly lower in gypsum habitats. As for fruit essential minerals, there was a slight deficiency in P, Ca, Mg, and Mn, while the levels of other elements were at the normal range. The biochemical adaptation of C. spinosa buffered or avoided the excessive accumulation of elements in the different soils. Also, the contents in the leaves and fruits were mainly in the normal range and not accumulating toxic elements. Understanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed.Meeting the energy and nitrogen (N) requirements of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing ruminants at the same time as avoiding digestive disturbances (i.e. rumen acidosis) is a key priority in ruminant nutrition. The present study evaluated the effect of a cereal ammoniation treatment, in which barley grains are combined with urea and enzymes that catalyze the conversion of urea to ammonia to optimize rumen function. Twelve rumen cannulated sheep were randomly divided into two groups and fed a diet containing 60% of ammoniated barley (AMM) or untreated barley supplemented with urea (CTL) to investigate the impact on rumen fermentation and feed utilization.

RESULTS

AMM had higher total N content and effective rumen degradable N than untreated barely. AMM sheep had a consistently higher rumen pH throughout the day (6.31 versus 6.03) and tended to have a lower post\uffe2\uff80\uff90prandial ammonia peak and higher acetate molar proportion (+5.1%) than CTL sheep. The rumen environment in AMM sheep favored the colonization and utilization of agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products (i.e. orange pulp) by the rumen microbes leading to a higher feed degradability. AMM sheep also had higher total tract apparent N digestibility (+21.7%) and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (+34%), suggesting a higher N uptake and microbial protein synthesis than CTL sheep.

CONCLUSION

The inclusion of AMM in the diet of ruminants represents a valid strategy for maintaining rumen pH within a physiological range and improving N utilization by the rumen microbes, which could have positive effects on the health and productivity of animals in intensive production systems. These findings warrant further studies under conventional farm conditions. \uffc2\uffa9 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Bacteria", "Food Handling", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Animal Feed", "Diet", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome", "Bacterial Proteins", "Ammonia", "Barley", "Rumen fermentation", "Animals", "Urea", "Ammoniation", "Digestion", "Feed utilization", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/235892/1/235892.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.11205", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.11205", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.11205"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-12", "title": "Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies", "description": "Abstract

Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case\uffe2\uff80\uff90studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.

", "keywords": ["sol", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Sustainable development goals", "regional case studies", "adaptation", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "service \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique", "630", "333", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil degradation", "Regional case-studies", "Agrucultural adaption", "DPSIR", "11. Sustainability", "regional case-studies", "Agricultural adaptation; DPSIR; Regional case-studies; Soil degradation; Sustainable Development Goals; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "Climate change", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900", "agricultural adaptation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Action needed for the EU Common Agricultural Policy to address sustainability challenges", "description": "Abstract

Making agriculture sustainable is a global challenge. In the European Union (EU), the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is failing with respect to biodiversity, climate, soil, land degradation as well as socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic challenges.

The European Commission's proposal for a CAP post\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 provides a scope for enhanced sustainability. However, it also allows Member States to choose low\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambition implementation pathways. It therefore remains essential to address citizens' demands for sustainable agriculture and rectify systemic weaknesses in the CAP, using the full breadth of available scientific evidence and knowledge.

Concerned about current attempts to dilute the environmental ambition of the future CAP, and the lack of concrete proposals for improving the CAP in the draft of the European Green Deal, we call on the European Parliament, Council and Commission to adopt 10 urgent action points for delivering sustainable food production, biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation.

Knowledge is available to help moving towards evidence\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, sustainable European agriculture that can benefit people, nature and their joint futures.

The statements made in this article have the broad support of the scientific community, as expressed by above 3,600 signatories to the preprint version of this manuscript. The list can be found here (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3685632).

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

", "keywords": ["330", "333.7 Landfl\u00e4chen", " Naturr\u00e4ume f\u00fcr Freizeit und Erholung", " Naturreservate", " Energie", "public goods", "ddc:320", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "SMART targets", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "GF1-900", "11. Sustainability", "evidence-based policy", "ddc:630", "European Green Deal", "QH540-549.5", "agriculture", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "ddc:333", "1. No poverty", "15. Life on land", "320", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "Human ecology. Anthropogeography", "13. Climate action", "evidence\u2010based policy", "Common Agricultural Policy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/People%20and%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/pan3.10080", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/pan3.10080"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-07", "title": "Determination of the triple oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 from atomic ion fragments formed in the ion source of the 253 Ultra high\u2010resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer", "description": "Rationale

Determination of \uffce\uffb417O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13C16O16O on 12C17O16O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the \uffce\uffb417O value of CO2. In addition, \uffce\uffb413C measurements require correction for the interference from 12C17O16O on 13C16O16O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues.

Methods

We present a technique to determine the \uffce\uffb417O, \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method and the 17O\uffe2\uff80\uff90correction algorithm for \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uffb413C values, respectively.

Results

The scale contractions for \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb418O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The \uffce\uffb417O and \uffce\uff9417O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89hours at the University of G\uffc3\uffb6ttingen. The \uffce\uff9417O measurements with the O\uffe2\uff80\uff90fragment method agree with the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90O2 exchange method over a range of \uffce\uff9417O values of \uffe2\uff88\uff920.3 to +0.7\uffe2\uff80\uffb0.

Conclusions

Isotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.

", "keywords": ["550", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "O-17/O-16", "ANALYTICAL SYSTEM", "01 natural sciences", "O-2", "0104 chemical sciences", "O-17 CORRECTION", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "13. Climate action", "Life Science", "ABUNDANCE", "DELTA-O-17", "EXCHANGE", "DIOXIDE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.8478", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.8478"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-023-11079-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-25", "title": "Evaluating the impacts of sustainable land management practices on water quality in an agricultural catchment in Lower Austria using SWAT", "description": "Abstract

Managing agricultural watersheds in an environmentally friendly manner necessitate the strategic implementation of well-targeted sustainable land management (SLM) practices that limit soil and nonpoint source pollution losses and translocation. Watershed-scale SLM-scenario modeling has the potential to identify efficient and effective management strategies from the field to the integrated landscape level. In a case study targeting a 66-hectare watershed in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to evaluate a variety of locally adoptable SLM practices. SWAT was calibrated and validated (monthly) at the catchment outlet for flow, sediment, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), and mineralized phosphorus (PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P) using SWATplusR. Considering the locally existing agricultural practices and socioeconomic and environmental factors of the research area, four conservation practices were evaluated: baseline scenario, contour farming (CF), winter cover crops (CC), and a combination of no-till and cover crops (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC). The NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC SLM practice was found to be the most effective soil conservation practice in reducing soil loss by around 80%, whereas CF obtained the best results for decreasing the nutrient loads of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P by 11% and 35%, respectively. The findings of this study imply that the setup SWAT model can serve the context-specific performance assessment and eventual promotion of SLM interventions that mitigate on-site land degradation and the consequential off-site environmental pollution resulting from agricultural nonpoint sources.Genomic prediction with special weight of major genes is a valuable tool to populate bio-digital resource centers.

Abstract

Phenotypic information of crop genetic resources is a prerequisite for an informed selection that aims to broaden the genetic base of the elite breeding pools. We investigated the potential of genomic prediction based on historical screening data of plant responses against the Barley yellow mosaic viruses for populating the bio-digital resource center of barley. Our study includes dense marker data for 3838 accessions of winter barley, and historical screening data of 1751 accessions for Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and of 1771 accessions for Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV). Linear mixed models were fitted by considering combinations for the effects of genotypes, years, and locations. The best linear unbiased estimations displayed a broad spectrum of plant responses against BaYMV and BaMMV. Prediction abilities, computed as correlations between predictions and observed phenotypes of accessions, were low for the marker-assisted selection approach amounting to 0.42. In contrast, prediction abilities of genomic best linear unbiased predictions were high, with values of 0.62 for BaYMV and 0.64 for BaMMV. Prediction abilities of genomic prediction were improved by up to\uffe2\uff80\uff89~\uffe2\uff80\uff895% using W-BLUP, in which more weight is given to markers with significant major effects found by association mapping. Our results outline the utility of historical screening data and W-BLUP model to predict the performance of the non-phenotyped individuals in genebank collections. The presented strategy can be considered as part of the different approaches used in genebank genomics to valorize genetic resources for their usage in disease resistance breeding and research.

", "keywords": ["Genetic Markers", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Genotype", "Chromosome Mapping", "Genetic Variation", "Hordeum", "Genomics", "Potyviridae", "Linkage Disequilibrium", "Plant Breeding", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phenotype", "Databases", " Genetic", "Original Article", "Genetic Association Studies", "Disease Resistance", "Plant Diseases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Theoretical%20and%20Applied%20Genetics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00122-021-03815-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-25", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Zinc Pollution On Soil Microbial Community Resistance To Repeated Contamination", "description": "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress (contamination trials) on the microorganisms in zinc-polluted soil (5,018\u00a0mg Zn\u00a0kg(-1) soil dry weight) and unpolluted soil (141\u00a0mg Zn kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), measured as soil respiration rate. In the laboratory, soils were subjected to copper contamination (0, 500, 1,500 and 4,500\u00a0mg\u00a0kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), and then a bactericide (oxytetracycline) combined with a fungicide (captan) along with glucose (10\u00a0mg\u00a0g(-1) soil\u00a0dw each) were added. There was a highly significant effect of soil type, copper treatment and oxytetracycline/captan treatment. The initial respiration rate of chronically zinc-polluted soil was higher than that of unpolluted soil, but in the copper treatment it showed a greater decline. Microorganisms in copper-treated soil were more susceptible to oxytetracycline/captan contamination. After the successive soil contamination trials the decline of soil respiration was greater in zinc-polluted soil than in unpolluted soil.", "keywords": ["Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "trace metals", "Oxytetracycline", "Toxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Captan", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "combined stressors", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil pollution", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil respiration rate", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Zinc", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klimek, Beata", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-08", "title": "C And N Content In Density Fractions Of Whole Soil And Soil Size Fraction Under Cacao Agroforestry Systems And Natural Forest In Bahia, Brazil", "description": "Agroforestry systems (AFSs) have an important role in capturing above and below ground soil carbon and play a dominant role in mitigation of atmospheric CO(2). Attempts has been made here to identify soil organic matter fractions in the cacao-AFSs that have different susceptibility to microbial decomposition and further represent the basis of understanding soil C dynamics. The objective of this study was to characterize the organic matter density fractions and soil size fractions in soils of two types of cacao agroforestry systems and to compare with an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil. The land-use systems studied were: (1) a 30-year-old stand of natural forest with cacao (cacao cabruca), (2) a 30-year-old stand of cacao with Erythrina glauca as shade trees (cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina), and (3) an adjacent natural forest without cacao. Soil samples were collected from 0-10\u00a0cm depth layer in reddish-yellow Oxisols. Soil samples was separated by wet sieving into five fraction-size classes (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 1000-2000\u00a0\u03bcm, 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm, 53-250\u00a0\u03bcm, and <53\u00a0\u03bcm). C and N accumulated in to the light (free- and intra-aggregate density fractions) and heavy fractions of whole soil and soil size fraction were determined. Soil size fraction obtained in cacao AFS soils consisted mainly (65 %) of mega-aggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) mixed with macroaggregates (32-34%), and microaggregates (1-1.3%). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content increased with increasing soil size fraction in all land-use systems. Organic C-to-total N ratio was higher in the macroaggregate than in the microaggregate. In general, in natural forest and cacao cabruca the contribution of C and N in the light and heavy fractions was similar. However, in cacao\u00a0+\u00a0erythrina the heavy fraction was the most common and contributed 67% of C and 63% of N. Finding of this study shows that the majority of C and N in all three systems studied are found in macroaggregates, particularly in the 250-1000\u00a0\u03bcm size aggregate class. The heavy fraction was the most common organic matter fraction in these soils. Thus, in mature cacao AFS on highly weathered soils the main mechanisms of C stabilization could be the physical protection within macroaggregate structures thereby minimizing the impact of conversion of forest to cacao AFS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cacao", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "Brazil", "Erythrina", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-011-9642-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Changes In Soil Aggregate, Carbon, And Nitrogen Storages Following The Conversion Of Cropland To Alfalfa Forage Land In The Marginal Oasis Of Northwest China", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for sustainable use of soil resources due to the multiple effects of SOC on soil nutrient status and soil structural stability. The objective of this study was to identify the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability, SOC, and nitrogen (N) concentrations after cropland was converted to perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Algonguin) grassland for 6 years in the marginal oasis of the middle of Hexi Corridor region, northwest China. Significant changes in the size distribution of dry-sieving aggregates and water-stable aggregates, SOC, and N concentrations occurred after the conversion from crop to alfalfa. SOC and N stocks increased by 20.2% and 18.5%, respectively, and the estimated C and N sequestration rates were 0.4 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) and 0.04 Mg N ha(-1) year(-1) following the conversion. The large aggregate (>5 mm) was the most abundant dry aggregate size fraction in both crop and alfalfa soils, and significant difference in the distribution of dry aggregates between the two land use types occurred only in the >5 mm aggregate fraction. The percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>2, 2-0.25 mm) and aggregate stability (mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates, WMWD) were significantly higher in alfalfa soils than in crop soils. There was a significant linear relationship between total SOC concentration and aggregate parameters (mean weight diameter) for alfalfa soils, indicating that aggregate stability was closely associated with increased SOC concentration following the conversion of crops to alfalfa. The SOC and N concentrations and the C/N ratio were greatest in the >2 mm water-stable aggregates and the smallest in the 0.25-0.05 mm aggregates in crop and alfalfa soils. For the same aggregate, SOC and N concentrations in aggregate fractions increased with increasing total SOC and N concentrations. The result showed that the conversion of annual crops to alfalfa in the marginal land with coarse-texture soils can significantly increase SOC and N stocks, and improve soil structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Geologic Sediments", "Geography", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Particle Size", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rong Yang, Wenjie Liu, Xue Xiang Chang, Yong Zhong Su,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-11", "title": "Evaluating Non-Market Values of Agroecological and Socio-Cultural Benefits of Diversified Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract

We explored how consumers value the ecological and socio-cultural benefits of diversified food production systems in Finland. We used a stated preference method and contingent valuation to quantify consumers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of increased farm and regional scale diversity of cultivation practices and crop rotations. Three valuation scenarios were presented to a representative sample of consumers: the first one focused on agroecosystem services on cropland, the second on wider socio-cultural effects and the third was a combination of them. The results suggest that consumers are willing to pay on the average \uffe2\uff82\uffac228 per household annually for the suggested diversification. This is equal to \uffe2\uff82\uffac245 per hectare of cultivated cropland. The results also indicate that 21% of consumers were not willing to pay anything to support more diverse cropping systems. The relatively high WTP for both agroecological and socio-cultural benefits provide important messages for actors in the food chain and for policy makers on future targeting of economic resources within agri-environmental schemes.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Family Characteristics", "330", "Sustainable agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Valuation", "sustainable agriculture", "Diverse farming system", "agroecosystem services", "Agro-ecosystem services", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "10. No inequality", "valuation", "Finland", "diverse farming system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10357-022-4072-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "Rechtliche Einordnung von Gr\u00fcnbr\u00fccken bei Aus- und Neubauten sowie bestehenden Bundesfernstra\u00dfen", "description": "Zusammenfassung

Angesichts der enormen Zerschneidungswirkung von Bundesfernstra\uffc3\uff9fen werden Gr\uffc3\uffbcnbr\uffc3\uffbccken in der Bundesrepublik vermehrt errichtet, sodass sich die Frage der rechtlichen Einordnung dieser bei Aus- und Neubau, aber auch bei bestehenden Bundesfernstra\uffc3\uff9fen stellt. Der Beitrag geht dabei auf ausgew\uffc3\uffa4hlte naturschutzrechtliche Instrumente ein, beleuchtet fachplanungsrechtliche Besonderheiten und stellt die Frage der (finanziellen) Verh\uffc3\uffa4ltnism\uffc3\uffa4\uffc3\uff9figkeit von Gr\uffc3\uffbcnbr\uffc3\uffbccken. 90%); while in-depth spread rate increased linearly up to 300% from moisture content of 0% to 140%. Increased inorganic content linearly decreased the lateral spread rate but had little influence on in-depth spread in drier samples. Interestingly, in wetter samples, in-depth spread was in fact sensitive to inorganic content. A novel approach combining lateral and in-depth spread rates as vector components, revealed that the global spread is independent of moisture content, with an average spread rate of 8.7 and 8.4\u00a0cm/h for 2.5 and 40% IC, with changes in direction according to moisture content; going in-depth for wet soils, and laterally for dry soils. Similarly, increasing the IC encouraged downward spread for wet samples. We also report observations of a bifurcation of lateral spread, where spread would locally extinguish where the in-depth spread was greater than the lateral spread. These findings provide previously unknown insight into the relationship between lateral and in-depth spread in smouldering fires, ultimately improving the fundamental understanding of such fires.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Engineering", " Multidisciplinary", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Chemical", "02 engineering and technology", "Wildfire", "MOISTURE", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "0201 civil engineering", "Engineering", "Smouldering", "Heat transfer", "Biomass", "PEAT FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Energy", "CONSUMPTION", "15. Life on land", "Mechanical", "Fire", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "IGNITION", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "Thermodynamics", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christensen, EG, Fernandez-Anez, N, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Combustion%20and%20Flame", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.acax.2019.100005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-10", "title": "Automated supervised learning pipeline for non-targeted GC-MS data analysis", "description": "Non-targeted analysis is nowadays applied in many different domains of analytical chemistry such as metabolomics, environmental and food analysis. Conventional processing strategies for GC-MS data include baseline correction, feature detection, and retention time alignment before multivariate modeling. These techniques can be prone to errors and therefore time-consuming manual corrections are generally necessary. We introduce here a novel fully automated approach to non-targeted GC-MS data processing. This new approach avoids feature extraction and retention time alignment. Supervised machine learning on decomposed tensors of segmented chromatographic raw data signal is used to rank regions in the chromatograms contributing to differentiation between sample classes. The performance of this novel data analysis approach is demonstrated on three published datasets.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acax.2019.100005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytica%20Chimica%20Acta%3A%20X", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.acax.2019.100005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.acax.2019.100005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.acax.2019.100005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion To Pasture On Soil Carbon Content And Dynamics In Brazilian Amazonia", "description": "Abstract Soils play an important role in the carbon cycle, and deforestation in the tropics affects both soil carbon storage and CO2 release into the atmosphere. The consequences of deforestation and conversion to pasture for soil carbon content and dynamics were examined in two soil types differing mainly by their texture. Two chronosequences were selected, each consisting of an intact forest and three pastures of different ages (4, 8, 15 years and 3, 9, 15 years, respectively). One chronosequence is located in the central part of the Brazilian Amazon basin, where the soils are clayey ferralsols, and the second in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Basin, where the soils are sandy clayey acrisols. In the upper layer the C content of clayey soils was three times higher than in the sandy soils, but despite the differences in soil texture, the C distribution in the particle-size fractions was quite similar. In the two chronosequences, the conversion to pasture induced a slight increase in C content. Bulk density increases were greater on soils with lower clay contents. The 13 C measurements, which allowed to calculate the distribution of C derived from forest and from pasture, showed that all the particle-size fractions incorporated C derived from pasture and that a significant proportion of the young organic matter is rapidly trapped in the finest fractions. Although the proportions of pasture-derived C were higher in the sandy soils than in the clayey soils, the amounts of pasture-derived C in the particle-size fractions were 2\u20133 times larger in the clayey soils than in the sandy soils.", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "550", "ZONE TROPICALE", "c-13 natural abundance", "TEXTURE", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Carbon Cycle", "C-13 isotope", "Amazonia", "EVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTURE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "soil carbon storage", "particle-size fractions", "Pasture", "cultivated oxisols", "ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE", "SABLE", "eastern amazonia", "Deforestation", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Acrisol", "2. Zero hunger", "tropical soils Organic-matter dynamics", "Brasil", "size-fractions", "PATURAGE", "turnover", "Soil Carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "ARGILE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEFORESTATION", "texture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Desjardins, T., Barros, E., Sarrazin, M., Girardin, C., Mariotti, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00779-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-27", "title": "Biocrusts Modulate Climate Change Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Pools: Insights From a 9-Year Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggests that warming associated with climate change is decreasing the total amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands, although scientific research has not given enough emphasis to particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools. Biocrusts are a major biotic feature of drylands and have large impacts on the C cycle, yet it is largely unknown whether they modulate the responses of POC and MAOC to climate change. Here, we assessed the effects of simulated climate change (control, reduced rainfall (RE), warming (WA), and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA) and initial biocrust cover (low (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) versus high (>\uffe2\uff80\uff8950%)) on the mineral protection of soil C and soil organic matter quality in a dryland ecosystem in central Spain for 9\uffc2\uffa0years. At low initial biocrust cover levels, both WA and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA increased SOC, especially POC but also MAOC, and promoted a higher contribution of carbohydrates, relative to aromatic compounds, to the POC fraction. These results suggest that the accumulation of soil C under warming treatments may be transitory in soils with low initial biocrust cover. In soils with high initial biocrust cover, climate change treatments did not affect SOC, neither POC nor MAOC fraction. Overall, our results indicate that biocrust communities modulate the negative effect of climate change on SOC, because no losses of soil C were observed with the climate manipulations under biocrusts. Future work should focus on determining the long-term persistence of the observed buffering effect by biocrust-forming lichens, as they are known to be negatively affected by warming.Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.