{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00921.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-07", "title": "Carbon Fluxes, Nitrogen Cycling, And Soil Microbial Communities In Adjacent Urban, Native And Agricultural Ecosystems", "description": "Abstract<p>Urban ecosystems are expanding globally, and assessing the ecological consequences of urbanization is critical to understanding the biology of local and global change related to land use. We measured carbon (C) fluxes, nitrogen (N) cycling, and soil microbial community structure in a replicated (n=3) field experiment comparing urban lawns to corn, wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow, and unmanaged shortgrass steppe ecosystems in northern Colorado. The urban and corn sites were irrigated and fertilized. Wheat and shortgrass steppe sites were not fertilized or irrigated. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in urban ecosystems (383\uffc2\uffb111\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was four to five times greater than wheat or shortgrass steppe but significantly less than corn (537\uffc2\uffb144\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Soil respiration (2777\uffc2\uffb1273\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and total belowground C allocation (2602\uffc2\uffb1269\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in urban ecosystems were both 2.5 to five times greater than any other land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use type. We estimate that for a large (1578\uffe2\uff80\uff83km2) portion of Larimer County, Colorado, urban lawns occupying 6.4% of the land area account for up to 30% of regional ANPP and 24% of regional soil respiration from land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use types that we sampled. The rate of N cycling from urban lawn mower clippings to the soil surface was comparable with the rate of N export in harvested corn (both \uffe2\uff88\uffbc12\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). A one\uffe2\uff80\uff90time measurement of microbial community structure via phospholipid fatty acid analysis suggested that land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use type had a large impact on microbial biomass and a small impact on the relative abundance of broad taxonomic groups of microorganisms. Our data are consistent with several other studies suggesting that urbanization of arid and semiarid ecosystems leads to enhanced C cycling rates that alter regional C budgets.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00921.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00921.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00921.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00921.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-07", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Effects On Biomass Production And Soil Carbon In Conventional And Conservation Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract<p>Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to concerns about potential effects on production agriculture as well as agriculture's role in sequestering C. In the fall of 1997, a study was initiated to compare the response of two crop management systems (conventional and conservation) to elevated CO2. The study used a split\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot design replicated three times with two management systems as main plots and two CO2 levels (ambient=375\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and elevated CO2=683\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as split\uffe2\uff80\uff90plots using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers on a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults). The conventional system was a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation with winter fallow and spring tillage practices. In the conservation system, sorghum and soybean were rotated and three cover crops were used (crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)) under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage practices. The effect of management on soil C and biomass responses over two cropping cycles (4 years) were evaluated. In the conservation system, cover crop residue (clover, sunn hemp, and wheat) was increased by elevated CO2, but CO2 effects on weed residue were variable in the conventional system. Elevated CO2 had a greater effect on increasing soybean residue as compared with sorghum, and grain yield increases were greater for soybean followed by wheat and sorghum. Differences in sorghum and soybean residue production within the different management systems were small and variable. Cumulative residue inputs were increased by elevated CO2 and conservation management. Greater inputs resulted in a substantial increase in soil C concentration at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth increment in the conservation system under CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched conditions. Smaller shifts in soil C were noted at greater depths (5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) because of management or CO2 level. Results suggest that with conservation management in an elevated CO2 environment, greater residue amounts could increase soil C storage as well as increase ground cover.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00935.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00927.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-07", "title": "Vegetation Responses In Alaskan Arctic Tundra After 8 Years Of A Summer Warming And Winter Snow Manipulation Experiment", "description": "Abstract<p>We used snow fences and small (1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2) open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped fiberglass chambers (OTCs) to study the effects of changes in winter snow cover and summer air temperatures on arctic tundra. In 1994, two 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83m long, 2.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83m high snow fences, one in moist and the other in dry tundra, were erected at Toolik Lake, Alaska. OTCs paired with unwarmed plots, were placed along each experimental snow gradient and in control areas adjacent to the snowdrifts. After 8 years, the vegetation of the two sites, including that in control plots, had changed significantly. At both sites, the cover of shrubs, live vegetation, and litter, together with canopy height, had all increased, while lichen cover and diversity had decreased. At the moist site, bryophytes decreased in cover, while an increase in graminoids was almost entirely because of the response of the sedgeEriophorum vaginatum. These community changes were consistent with results found in studies of responses to warming and increased nutrient availability in the Arctic. However, during the time period of the experiment, summer temperature did not increase, but summer precipitation increased by 28%. The snow addition treatment affected species abundance, canopy height, and diversity, whereas the summer warming treatment had few measurable effects on vegetation. The interannual temperature fluctuation was considerably larger than the temperature increases within OTCs (&lt;2\uffc2\uffb0C), however. Snow addition also had a greater effect on microclimate by insulating vegetation from winter wind and temperature extremes, modifying winter soil temperatures, and increasing spring run\uffe2\uff80\uff90off. Most increases in shrub cover and canopy height occurred in the medium snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90depth zone (0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffe2\uff80\uff83m) of the moist site, and the medium to deep snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90depth zone (2\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffe2\uff80\uff83m) of the dry site. At the moist tundra site, deciduous shrubs, particularlyBetula nana, increased in cover, while evergreen shrubs decreased. These differential responses were likely because of the larger production to biomass ratio in deciduous shrubs, combined with their more flexible growth response under changing environmental conditions. At the dry site, where deciduous shrubs were a minor part of the vegetation, evergreen shrubs increased in both cover and canopy height. These changes in abundance of functional groups are expected to affect most ecological processes, particularly the rate of litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and both soil carbon and nitrogen pools. Also, changes in canopy structure, associated with increases in shrub abundance, are expected to alter the summer energy balance by increasing net radiation and evapotranspiration, thus altering soil moisture regimes.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marilyn D. Walker, M. S. Bret-Harte, C.-H. A. Wahren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00927.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00927.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00927.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00927.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01091.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-06", "title": "Carbon Partitioning To Mobile And Structural Fractions In Poplar Wood Under Elevated Co2 (Euroface) And N Fertilization", "description": "Abstract<p>To determine whether globally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations can affect carbon partitioning between nonstructural and structural carbon pools in agroforestry plantations, Populus nigra was grown in ambient air (about 370\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2) and in air with elevated CO2 concentrations (about 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2) using free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology. FACE was maintained for 5 years. After three growing seasons, the plantation was coppiced and one half of each experimental plot was fertilized with nitrogen. Carbon concentrations and stocks were measured in secondary sprouts in seasons of active growth and dormancy during 2 years after coppicing. Although FACE, N fertilization and season had significant tissue\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific effects on carbon partitioning to the fractions of structural carbon, soluble sugars and starch as well as to residual soluble carbon, the overall magnitude of these shifts was small. The major effect of FACE and N fertilization was on cell wall biomass production, resulting in about 30% increased above ground stocks of both mobile and immobile carbon pools compared with fertilized trees under ambient CO2. Relative C partitioning between mobile and immobile C pools was not significantly affected by FACE or N fertilization. These data demonstrate high metabolic flexibility of P. nigra to maintain C\uffe2\uff80\uff90homeostasis under changing environmental conditions and illustrate that nonstructural carbon compounds can be utilized more rapidly for structural growth under elevated atmospheric [CO2] in fertilized agroforestry systems. Thus, structural biomass production on abandoned agricultural land may contribute to achieving the goals of the Kyoto protocol.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01091.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01091.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01091.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01091.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-23", "title": "Woody Biomass Production During The Second Rotation Of A Bio-Energy Populus Plantation Increases In A Future High Co2 World", "description": "Abstract<p>The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)\uffe2\uff80\uff90levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO2increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO2on woody biomass production of three poplar species (Populus albaL. clone 2AS\uffe2\uff80\uff9011,Populus nigraL. clone Jean Pourtet andPopulus\uffc3\uff97euramericanaclone I\uffe2\uff80\uff90214). Trees were growing in a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90density coppice plantation during the second rotation (i.e., regrowth after coppice; 2002\uffe2\uff80\uff932004; POPFACE/EUROFACE). Six plots were studied, half of which were continuously fumigated with CO2(FACE; free air carbon dioxide enrichment of 550\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm). Half of each plot was fertilized to study the interaction between CO2and nutrient fertilization. At the end of the second rotation, selective above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground harvests were performed to estimate the productivity of this bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy plantation. Fertilization did not affect growth of the poplar trees, which was likely because of the high rates of fertilization during the previous agricultural land use. In contrast, elevated CO2enhanced biomass production by up to 29%, and this stimulation did not differ between above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground parts. The increased initial stump size resulting from elevated CO2during the first rotation (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001) could not solely explain the observed final biomass increase. The larger leaf area index after canopy closure and the absence of any major photosynthetic acclimation after 6 years of fumigation caused the sustained CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced biomass increase after coppice. These results suggest that, under future CO2concentrations, managed poplar coppice systems may exhibit higher potential for C sequestration and, thus, help mitigate climate change when used as a source of C\uffe2\uff80\uff90neutral energy.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "atmospheric co2", "elevated co2", "n-fertilization", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "growth", "enrichment face", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "pinus-taeda", "poplar plantation", "Bio-energy; Biomass distribution; EUROFACE; FACE; Fertilization; Leaf area index; Photosynthesis; Populus; Short rotation coppice; Woody biomass", "13. Climate action", "no3 availability", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "water-stress", "General Environmental Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01118.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Balance In A Clonal Eucalyptus Plantation In Congo: Effects Of Logging On Carbon Inputs And Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil CO2 efflux was measured in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut and intact plots in order to quantify the impact of harvest on soil respiration in an intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation, and to evaluate the increase in heterotrophic component of soil respiration because of the decomposition of harvest residues. Soil CO2 effluxes showed a pronounced seasonal trend, which was well related to the pattern of precipitation and soil water content and were always significantly lower in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots than in the intact plots. On an annual basis, soil respiration represented 1.57 and 0.91\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots, respectively. During the first year following harvest, residues have lost 0.79\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Our estimate of heterotrophic respiration was calculated assuming that it was similar to soil respiration in the clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut area except that the decomposition of residues did not occur, and it was further corrected for differences in soil water content between intact and clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots and for the cessation of leaf and fine root turnover in clear cut. Heterotrophic respiration in clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut plots was estimated at 1.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereas it was only 0.65\uffe2\uff80\uff83kgC\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in intact plots (41% of soil respiration). Assumptions and uncertainties with these calculations are discussed.</p>", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "F60 - Physiologie et biochimie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "FOREST MANAGEMENT", "01 natural sciences", "EUCALYPTUS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2159", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3047", "CLEAR-CUT", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "liti\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2847", "abattage d'arbres", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBON BUDGET", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "LITTERFALL", "d\u00e9gradation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8500", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/260550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:27:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-02", "title": "Mineral element recycling in topsoil following permafrost degradation and a vegetation shift in sub-Arctic tundra", "description": "Climate change affects the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions by exposing previously frozen permafrost to thaw, unlocking soil nutrients, changing hydrological processes, and boosting plant growth. As a result, sub-Arctic tundra is subject to a shrub expansion, called \u201cshrubification\u201d, at the expense of sedge species. Depending on the intrinsic foliar properties of these plant species, changes in foliar mineral element fluxes with shrubification in the context of permafrost degradation may influence topsoil mineral element composition. Despite the potential implications of changes in topsoil mineral element concentrations for the fate of organic carbon, this remains poorly quantified. Here, we investigate vegetation foliar and topsoil mineral element composition (Si, K, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, V) across a natural gradient of permafrost degradation at a typical sub-Arctic tundra at Eight Mile Lake (Alaska, USA). Results show that foliar mineral element concentrations are higher (up to 9 times; Si, K, Mo for all species, and for some species Zn) or lower (up to 2 times; Ca, P, Mn, Cu, V for all species, and for some species Zn) in sedge than in shrub species. As a result, a vegetation shift over ~40 years has resulted in lower topsoil concentrations in Si, K, Zn, and Mo (respectively of 52, 24, 20, and 51%) in highly degraded permafrost sites compared to poorly degraded permafrost sites due to lower foliar fluxes of these elements. For other elements (Ca, P, Mn, Cu, and V), the vegetation shift has not induced a marked change in topsoil concentrations at this current stage of permafrost degradation. A modeled amplified shrubification associated with a further permafrost degradation is expected to increase foliar Ca, P, Mn, Cu, and V fluxes, which will likely change these element concentrations in topsoil. These data can serve as a first estimate to assess the influence of other shifts in vegetation in Arctic and sub-Arctic tundra such as sedge expansion under wetter soil conditions.", "keywords": ["topsoil", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "mineral elements", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "sub-Arctic tundra", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "vegetation change", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "shrubification", "permafrost degradation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/260550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/260550", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/260550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/260550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-16", "title": "Effects Of Nutrient Additions On Ecosystem Carbon Cycle In A Puerto Rican Tropical Wet Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Wet tropical forests play a critical role in global ecosystem carbon (C) cycle, but C allocation and the response of different C pools to nutrient addition in these forests remain poorly understood. We measured soil organic carbon (SOC), litterfall, root biomass, microbial biomass and soil physical and chemical properties in a wet tropical forest from May 1996 to July 1997 following a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year continuous fertilization. We found that although there was no significant difference in total SOC in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the soils between the fertilization plots (5.42\uffc2\uffb10.18\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and the control plots (5.27\uffc2\uffb10.22\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922), the proportion of the heavy\uffe2\uff80\uff90fraction organic C in the total SOC was significantly higher in the fertilized plots (59%) than in the control plots (46%) (P&lt;0.05). The annual decomposition rate of fertilized leaf litter was 13% higher than that of the control leaf litter. We also found that fertilization significantly increased microbial biomass (fungi+bacteria) with 952\uffc2\uffb148\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil in the fertilized plots and 755\uffc2\uffb137\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921soil in the control plots. Our results suggest that fertilization in tropical forests may enhance long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term C sequestration in the soils of tropical wet forests.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01096.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-06", "title": "Total Soil C And N Sequestration In A Grassland Following 10 Years Of Free Air Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil C sequestration may mitigate rising levels of atmospheric CO2. However, it has yet to be determined whether net soil C sequestration occurs in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich grasslands exposed to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2. This study examined whether N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized grasslands exposed to elevated CO2 sequestered additional C. For 10 years, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, and the mixture of L. perenne/T. repens grasslands were exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (35 and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa pCO2). The applied CO2 was depleted in \uffce\uffb413C and the grasslands received low (140\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and high (560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) rates of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled fertilizer. Annually collected soil samples from the top 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the grassland soils allowed us to follow the sequestration of new C in the surface soil layer. For the first time, we were able to collect dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled soil samples to a depth of 75\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm after 10 years of elevated CO2 and determine the total amount of new soil C and N sequestered in the whole soil profile. Elevated CO2, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate, and species had no significant effect on total soil C. On average 9.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg new C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was sequestered, which corresponds to 26.5% of the total C. The mean residence time of the C present in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was calculated at 4.6\uffc2\uffb11.5 and 3.1\uffc2\uffb11.1 years for L. perenne and T. repens soil, respectively. After 10 years, total soil N and C in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was unaffected by CO2 concentration, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization rate and plant species. The total amount of 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer sequestered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth was also unaffected by CO2 concentration, but significantly more 15N was sequestered in the L. perenne compared with the T. repens swards: 620 vs. 452\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the high rate and 234 vs. 133\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the low rate of N fertilization. Intermediate values of 15N recovery were found in the mixture. The fertilizer derived N amounted to 2.8% of total N for the low rate and increased to 8.6% for the high rate of N application. On average, 13.9% of the applied 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilizer was recovered in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil depth in soil organic matter in the L. perenne sward, whereas 8.8% was recovered under the T. repens swards, indicating that the N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing T. repens system was less effective in sequestering applied N than the non\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing L. perenne system. Prolonged elevated CO2 did not lead to an increase in whole soil profile C and N in these fertilized pastures. The potential use of fertilized and regular cut pastures as a net soil C sink under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term elevated CO2 appears to be limited and will likely not significantly contribute to the mitigation of anthropogenic C emissions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "plant", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen pools", "carbon-dioxide", "forest soils", "trifolium-repens l", "lolium-perenne", "litter quality", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "n-15-labeled fertilizer", "organic-matter", "elevated atmospheric co2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01172.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-20", "title": "Changes In Aboveground Primary Production And Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Accompanying Woody Plant Encroachment In A Temperate Savanna", "description": "Abstract<p>When woody plant abundance increases in grasslands and savannas, a phenomenon widely observed worldwide, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools increase, decrease, or remain the same. We estimated ANPP and C and N pools in aboveground vegetation and surface soils on shallow clay and clay loam soils undergoing encroachment by Prosopis glandulosa in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Aboveground Prosopis C and N mass increased linearly, and ANPP increased logarithmically, with stand age on clay loam soils; on shallow clays, Prosopis C and N mass and ANPP all increased linearly with stand age. We found no evidence of an asymptote in trajectories of C and N accumulation or ANPP on either soil type even following 68 years of stand development. Production and accumulation rates were lower on shallow clay sites relative to clay loam sites, suggesting strong edaphic control of C and N accumulation associated with woody plant encroachment. Response of herbaceous C mass to Prosopis stand development also differed between soil types. Herbaceous C declined with increasing aboveground Prosopis C on clay loams, but increased with increasing Prosopis C on shallow clays. Total ANPP (Prosopis+herbaceous) of sites with the highest Prosopis basal area were 1.2 \uffc3\uff97 and 4.0 \uffc3\uff97 greater than those with the lowest Prosopis basal area on clay loam and shallow clay soils, respectively. Prosopis ANPP more than offset declines in herbaceous ANPP on clay loams and added to increased herbaceous ANPP on shallow clays. Although aboveground C and N pools increased substantially with Prosopis stand development, we found no corresponding change in surface soil C and N pools (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm). Overall, our findings indicate that Prosopis stand development significantly increases ecosystem C and N storage/cycling, and the magnitude of these impacts varied with stand age, soil type and functional plant traits</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01210.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-01", "title": "Challenging Established Narratives On Soil Erosion And Shifting Cultivation In Laos", "description": "Abstract<p>The official environmental discourse in Laos describes a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cchain of degradation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d stretching from upland shifting cultivation, increased runoff and soil erosion to the siltation of wetlands and reservoirs. This perspective has had wide\uffe2\uff80\uff90ranging impacts on rural development policy which, in the uplands, has long favoured forest conservation over agriculture. Integrating soil erosion and water sediment data with local perceptions of land degradation in an upland village of northern Laos, this study tests the validity of the official environmental discourse. Biophysical measurements made in a small agricultural catchment indicate a significant correlation between the spatial extent of cultivation and soil erosion rates. However, sediment yields recorded at the outlet of the catchment highlight relatively low levels of off\uffe2\uff80\uff90site sediment exportation. Furthermore, farmers' perceptions suggest that local land degradation issues and crop yield declines could be less related to soil erosion than to agricultural land shortage, increased weed competition, and fertility losses resulting from the intensification of shifting cultivation. The study concludes that a better understanding and management of land degradation issues can be achieved by developing more inclusive and scientifically\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed approaches to environmental perceptions and narratives.</p>", "keywords": ["http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "SOL CULTIVE", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "culture itin\u00e9rante", "\u00e9rosion", "SEDIMENT", "POLITIQUE AGRICOLE", "SYSTEME DE REPRESENTATIONS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12076", "conservation des for\u00eats", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3062", "for\u00eat", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374158672853", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7165", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2651", "intensification", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34823", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7168", "2. Zero hunger", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "AGRICULTEUR", "15. Life on land", "VILLAGE", "ruissellement", "6. Clean water", "JACHERE", "BASSIN VERSANT", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7038", "d\u00e9gradation du sol", "13. Climate action", "conservation des sols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35388", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33485", "d\u00e9gradation des terres", "EROSION HYDRIQUE", "impact sur l'environnement", "ROTATION DES CULTURES", "ZONE DE MONTAGNE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011.01438.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-02", "title": "Effects Of Lime And Artificial Acid Rain On The Enchytraeid (Oligochaeta) Fauna In Coniferous Forest", "description": "<p>Effects of lime and artificial rain of varying acidity on the enchytraeid fauna were studied in 4 field experiments in coniferous forest. Artificial rain was applied 5 months per year in quantities of 25 or 50 mm per month and with pH values from about 6 to 2. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9crain\uffe2\uff80\uff9d was produced by mixing groundwater and sulphuric acid. The greatest total abundance of enchytraeids and the greatest population densities of Cognettia sphagnetorum and Mesenchytraeus pelicensis were found in plots supplied \uffe2\uff80\uff9crain\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of pH 6, pH 4 and pH 3. Their abundances were lowered by additional acidification (pH 2.5 and 2) and also by liming. Species like Enchytronia parva and especially Enchytraeus buchholzi and Fredericia parnoniana were mostly stimulated by liming.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gunnar Abrahamsen", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01088.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-26", "title": "Interactions between plant growth and soil nutrient cycling under elevated CO2: a meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract<p>free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and open top chamber (OTC) studies are valuable tools for evaluating the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analytic techniques, we summarized the results of 117 studies on plant biomass production, soil organic matter dynamics and biological N2 fixation in FACE and OTC experiments. The objective of the analysis was to determine whether elevated CO2 alters nutrient cycling between plants and soil and if so, what the implications are for soil carbon (C) sequestration. Elevated CO2 stimulated gross N immobilization by 22%, whereas gross and net N mineralization rates remained unaffected. In addition, the soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio and microbial N contents increased under elevated CO2 by 3.8% and 5.8%, respectively. Microbial C contents and soil respiration increased by 7.1% and 17.7%, respectively. Despite the stimulation of microbial activity, soil C input still caused soil C contents to increase by 1.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Namely, elevated CO2 stimulated overall above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant biomass by 21.5% and 28.3%, respectively, thereby outweighing the increase in CO2 respiration. In addition, when comparing experiments under both low and high N availability, soil C contents (+2.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant growth (+20.1% and+33.7%) only increased under elevated CO2 in experiments receiving the high N treatments. Under low N availability, above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground plant growth increased by only 8.8% and 14.6%, and soil C contents did not increase. Nitrogen fixation was stimulated by elevated CO2 only when additional nutrients were supplied. These results suggest that the main driver of soil C sequestration is soil C input through plant growth, which is strongly controlled by nutrient availability. In unfertilized ecosystems, microbial N immobilization enhances acclimation of plant growth to elevated CO2 in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term. Therefore, increased soil C input and soil C sequestration under elevated CO2 can only be sustained in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term when additional nutrients are supplied.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "enrichment", "microbial biomass", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "nitrogen-fixation", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "forest", "tallgrass prairie", "13. Climate action", "responses", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic-matter", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01240.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-14", "title": "Invasive Grass Reduces Aboveground Carbon Stocks In Shrublands Of The Western Us", "description": "Abstract<p>Understanding the terrestrial carbon budget, in particular the strength of the terrestrial carbon sink, is important in the context of global climate change. Considerable attention has been given to woody encroachment in the western US and the role it might play as a carbon sink; however, in many parts of the western US the reverse process is also occurring. The conversion of woody shrublands to annual grasslands involves the invasion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) which in turn leads to increased frequency and extent of fires. We compared carbon storage in adjacent plots of invasive grassland and native shrubland. We scaled\uffe2\uff80\uff90up the impact of this ecosystem shift using regional maps of the current invasion and of the risk of future invasion. The expansion of cheatgrass within the Great Basin has released an estimated 8\uffc2\uffb13\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C to the atmosphere, and will likely release another 50\uffc2\uffb120\uffe2\uff80\uff83Tg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C in the coming decades. This ecosystem conversion has changed portions of the western US from a carbon sink to a source, making previous estimates of a western carbon sink almost certainly spurious. The growing importance of invasive species in driving land cover changes may substantially change future estimates of US terrestrial carbon storage.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01232.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-19", "title": "[Co2]- And Density-Dependent Competition Between Grassland Species", "description": "Abstract<p>The predicted ongoing increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is considered to be one of the main threats to biodiversity due to potential changes in biotic interactions. We tested whether effects of intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and interspecific planting density of the calcareous grassland perennialsBromus erectusandCarex flaccachange in response to elevated [CO2] (600\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) by using factorial combinations of seven densities (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 tillers per 8 \uffc3\uff97 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm2cell) of both species in plots with and without CO2enrichment. Although aboveground biomass ofC. flaccawas increased by 54% under elevated [CO2], the combined aboveground biomass of the whole stand was not significantly increased.C. flaccatended to produce more tillers under elevated [CO2] whileB. erectusproduced less tillers. The positive effect of [CO2] on the number of tillers ofC. flaccawas strongest at high intraspecific densities. On the other hand, the negative effect of [CO2] on the number of tillers ofB. erectuswas not present at intermediate intraspecific planting densities. Seed production ofC. flaccawas more than doubled under elevated [CO2], while seed production ofB. erectuswas not affected. Moreover, the mass per seed ofC. flaccawas increased by elevated [CO2] at intermediate interspecific planting densities while the mass per seed ofB. erectuswas decreased by elevated [CO2] at high interspecific planting densities. Our results show that the responses ofC. flaccaandB. erectusto elevated [CO2] depend in a complex way on initial planting densities of both species. In other words, competition between these two model species is both [CO2]\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and density dependent. On average, however, the effects of [CO2] on the individual species indicate that the composition of calcareous grasslands is likely to change under elevated [CO2] in favor ofC. flacca.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01248.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Plant Species Richness, Elevated Co2, And Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition And Function", "description": "Abstract<p>We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.</p>", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "description": "Abstract<p>Afforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-28", "title": "The Legacy Of Harvest And Fire On Ecosystem Carbon Storage In A North Temperate Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Forest harvesting and wildfire were widespread in the upper Great Lakes region of North America during the early 20th century. We examined how long this legacy of disturbance constrains forest carbon (C) storage rates by quantifying C pools and fluxes after harvest and fire in a mixed deciduous forest chronosequence in northern lower Michigan, USA. Study plots ranged in age from 6 to 68 years and were created following experimental clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut harvesting and fire disturbance. Annual C storage was estimated biometrically from measurements of wood, leaf, fine root, and woody debris mass, mass losses to herbivory, soil C content, and soil respiration. Maximum annual C storage in stands that were disturbed by harvest and fire twice was 26% less than a reference stand receiving the same disturbance only once. The mechanism for this reduction in annual C storage was a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting decrease in site quality that endured over the 62\uffe2\uff80\uff90year timeframe examined. However, during regrowth the harvested and burned forest rapidly became a net C sink, storing 0.53\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921after 6 years. Maximum net ecosystem production (1.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and annual C increment (0.95\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were recorded in the 24\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stands, respectively. Net primary production averaged 5.19\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in experimental stands, increasing by &lt; 10% from 6 to 50 years. Soil heterotrophic respiration was more variable across stand ages, ranging from 3.85\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand to 4.56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 68\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand. These results suggest that harvesting and fire disturbances broadly distributed across the region decades ago caused changes in site quality and successional status that continue to limit forest C storage rates.</p>", "keywords": ["disturbance", "570", "aspen", "net primary production", "net ecosystem production", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "logging", "630", "succession", "northern hardwoods", "Biology", "fire", "legacy effects", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Katherine H. Harrold, Christoph S. Vogel, Peter S. Curtis, Christopher M. Gough, Kristen George,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-18", "title": "Microbial Soil Respiration And Its Dependency On Carbon Inputs, Soil Temperature And Moisture", "description": "Abstract<p>This experiment was designed to study three determinant factors in decomposition patterns of soil organic matter (SOM): temperature, water and carbon (C) inputs. The study combined field measurements with soil lab incubations and ends with a modelling framework based on the results obtained. Soil respiration was periodically measured at an oak savanna woodland and a ponderosa pine plantation. Intact soils cores were collected at both ecosystems, including soils with most labile C burnt off, soils with some labile C gone and soils with fresh inputs of labile C. Two treatments, dry\uffe2\uff80\uff90field condition and field capacity, were applied to an incubation that lasted 111 days. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature changes were applied to the soils periodically to quantify temperature responses. This was done to prevent confounding results associated with different pools of C that would result by exposing treatments chronically to different temperature regimes. This paper discusses the role of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined environmental factors on the variability of soil C dynamics. At the seasonal scale, temperature and water were, respectively, the main limiting factors controlling soil CO2 efflux for the ponderosa pine and the oak savanna ecosystems. Spatial and seasonal variations in plant activity (root respiration and exudates production) exerted a strong influence over the seasonal and spatial variation of soil metabolic activity. Mean residence times of bulk SOM were significantly lower at the Nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich deciduous savanna than at the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited evergreen dominated pine ecosystem. At shorter time scales (daily), SOM decomposition was controlled primarily by temperature during wet periods and by the combined effect of water and temperature during dry periods. Secondary control was provided by the presence/absence of plant derived C inputs (exudation). Further analyses of SOM decomposition suggest that factors such as changes in the decomposer community, stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in the metabolic activity of decomposers or SOM stabilization patterns remain unresolved, but should also be considered in future SOM decomposition studies. Observations and confounding factors associated with SOM decomposition patterns and its temperature sensitivity are summarized in the modeling framework.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Climate change", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Materia org\u00e1nica del suelo", "Respiraci\u00f3n del suelo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01415.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-16", "title": "Evaluation Of Carbon Accrual In Afforested Agricultural Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Afforestation of agricultural lands can provide economically and environmentally realistic C storage to mitigate for elevated CO2until other actions such as reduced fossil fuel use can be taken. Soil carbon sequestration following afforestation of agricultural land ranges from losses to substantial annual gains. The present understanding of the controlling factors is inadequate for understanding ecosystem dynamics, modeling global change and for policy decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. Our study found that planting agricultural soils to deciduous forests resulted in ecosystem C accumulations of 2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921and soil accumulations of 0.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Planting to conifers showed an average ecosystem sequestration of 2.5 and 0.26\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the soils but showed greater field to field variability than when planted to deciduous forest. Path analysis showed that Ca was positively related to soil C accumulations for both conifers and deciduous afforested sites and played a significant role in soil C accumulations in these sites. Soil N increases were closely related to C accumulation and were two times greater than could be explained by system N inputs from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. Our results suggest that the addition of Ca to afforested sites, especially conifers, may be an economical means to enhance soil C sequestration even if it does not result in increasing C in aboveground pools. The mechanism of N accumulation in these aggrading stands needs further investigation.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil nitrogen", "deciduous forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "cations", "pine forest", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "afforestation", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01359.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-28", "title": "Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes And Global Warming Potential In Four High-Yielding Maize Systems", "description": "Abstract<p>Crop intensification is often thought to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but studies in which crop management is optimized to exploit crop yield potential are rare. We conducted a field study in eastern Nebraska, USA to quantify GHG emissions, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and the net global warming potential (GWP) in four irrigated systems: continuous maize with recommended best management practices (CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec) or intensive management (CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90int) and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation with recommended (CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec) or intensive management (CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90int). Grain yields of maize and soybean were generally within 80\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% of the estimated site yield potential. Large soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were mostly associated with rapid crop growth, high temperature and high soil water content. Within each crop rotation, soil CO2 efflux under intensive management was not consistently higher than with recommended management. Owing to differences in residue inputs, SOC increased in the two continuous maize systems, but decreased in CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec or remained unchanged in CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90int. N2O emission peaks were mainly associated with high temperature and high soil water content resulting from rainfall or irrigation events, but less clearly related to soil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N levels. N2O fluxes in intensively managed systems were only occasionally greater than those measured in the CC\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec and CS\uffe2\uff80\uff90rec systems. Fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced N2O emissions ranged from 1.9% to 3.5% in 2003, from 0.8% to 1.5% in 2004 and from 0.4% to 0.5% in 2005, with no consistent differences among the four systems. All four cropping systems where net sources of GHG. However, due to increased soil C sequestration continuous maize systems had lower GWP than maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean systems and intensive management did not cause a significant increase in GWP. Converting maize grain to ethanol in the two continuous maize systems resulted in a net reduction in life cycle GHG emissions of maize ethanol relative to petrol\uffe2\uff80\uff90based gasoline by 33\uffe2\uff80\uff9338%. Our study provided evidence that net GHG emissions from agricultural systems can be kept low when management is optimized toward better exploitation of the yield potential. Major components for this included (i) choosing the right combination of adopted varieties, planting date and plant population to maximize crop biomass productivity, (ii) tactical water and nitrogen (N) management decisions that contributed to high N use efficiency and avoided extreme N2O emissions, and (iii) a deep tillage and residue management approach that favored the build\uffe2\uff80\uff90up of soil organic matter from large amounts of crop residues returned.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01421.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-18", "title": "Co2balance Of Boreal, Temperate, And Tropical Forests Derived From A Global Database", "description": "Abstract<p>Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific carbon budgets; to re\uffe2\uff80\uff90examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 \uffc2\uffb0C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "01 natural sciences", "630", "SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals", "carbon cycle", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "carbon cycle; forest ecosystems; global database; gross primary productivity; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity", "net primary productivity", "global database", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ecology", "net ecosystem productivity", "forest ecosystems", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "CO2", "gross primary productivity", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt57t1t77c/qt57t1t77c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-17", "title": "Seventeen Years Of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Of Sour Orange Trees: Final Results", "description": "The long-term responses of trees to elevated CO2 are especially crucial (1) to mitigating the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase, (2) to determining the character of future forested natural ecosystems and their spread across the landscape, and (3) to determining the productivity of future agricultural tree crops. Therefore, a long-term CO2-enrichment experiment on sour orange trees was started in 1987, and the final results after 17 years are reported herein. Four sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium L.) were grown from seedling stage at 300lmolmol \ufffd 1 CO2 above ambient in open-top, clear-plastic-wall chambers at Phoenix, AZ. Four control trees were similarly grown at ambient CO2. All trees were supplied ample water and nutrients comparable with a commercial orchard. After a peak 2\u20104 years into the experiment, there was a productivity plateau at about a 70% enhancement of annual fruit and incremental wood production over the last several years of the experiment. When summed over the duration of the experiment, there was an overall enhancement of 70% of total biomass production. Much of the enhancement came from greater numbers of fruits produced, with no change in fruit size. Thicker trunks and branches and more branches and roots were produced, but the root/shoot ratio was unaffected. Also, there was almost no change in the elemental composition of the biomass produced, perhaps in part due to the minimal responsiveness of root-symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the treatment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01430.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-21", "title": "Ecosystem Responses To Water And Nitrogen Amendment In A California Grassland", "description": "Abstract<p>The world's ecosystems are experiencing simultaneous changes in the supply of multiple limiting resources. Two of these, water and nitrogen (N) can strongly limit grassland production and can affect community composition and biogeochemical cycles in different ways. Grassland ecosystems in California may be particularly vulnerable to current and predicted changes in precipitation and N deposition, and ecosystem responses to potential interactive effects of water and N are not well understood. Here, we show strong colimitation of plant production resulting from factorial addition of water and N. In addition, water and N addition in combination led to increased dominance of the two most abundant grass species, while N addition regardless of water availability led to decreased species diversity. Late season carbon (C) flux response to water addition depended on N. Only plots that received additional water, but not N, still showed net ecosystem C uptake at the end of the experiment. Our results suggest that grassland ecosystem response to N deposition will be strongly dependent on future precipitation patterns.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01447.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-11", "title": "Simulated Global Changes Alter Phosphorus Demand In Annual Grassland", "description": "Abstract<p>In the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment \uffe2\uff80\uff93 an annual grassland with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrate deposition, temperature, and precipitation \uffe2\uff80\uff93 we used six indices of phosphorus (P) limitation to test the hypothesis that global changes that increase net primary production (NPP) increase P demand or limitation. All indices indicated that nitrate deposition, the only factor that stimulated NPP, increased P demand or limitation: (1) soil phosphatase activity increased by 14%; (2) P concentration in green and (3) senescent leaves of the dominant grass genus, Avena, dropped by 40% and 44%, respectively; (4) N\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83P ratios in green and (5) senescent Avena widened by 99% and 161%, respectively; and (6) total aboveground plant P decreased by 17% with elevated nitrate deposition. The other three factors, which did not stimulate NPP, did not increase P demand: based on two indices, enhanced precipitation decreased P demand (11% decrease in phosphatase activity, 19% increase in total aboveground P), and there was no evidence that elevated CO2 or temperature altered P demand. In a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to assess the generality of P constraints on growth increases from global change factors, we found that six of 11 N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems responded to N deposition with enhanced P limitation or demand, but did not detect significant effects of elevated CO2 or warming.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Duncan N. L. Menge, Christopher B. Field,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01456.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-21", "title": "Nutrient Limitation And Nutrient-Driven Shifts In Plant Species Composition In A Species-Rich Fen Meadow", "description": "Abstract:<p>Question:  We studied the development and persistence of the effects of nutrient pulses on biomass production and species composition in a fen meadow.</p><p>Location:  Nature reserve, central Netherlands, 5 m a.s.l.</p><p>Methods:  Single pulse fertilization with N and P in a factorial design on an undrained central and a drained margin site in a species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich fen meadow (Cirsio dissecti\uffe2\uff80\uff90Molinietum). Biomass production and species composition were monitored during four years.</p><p>Results:  At the central site, N addition boosted biomass production, but only during one year. The species composition was not changed. P fertilization increased the biomass production and changed the species composition from a vegetation dominated by Carex panicea to a grassland community with abundant Holcus lanatus, but not before the second year. At the margin site, P fertilization changed the species composition in a similar way, but biomass production was not increased. N fertilization had no effect. At both sites the P induced shift in species composition persisted for four years although the P effect declined during the experiment.</p><p>Conclusions:  The biomass responses show that N was limiting in the central site. Another nutrient, besides N and P (probably K) must have been limiting in the marginal site. The fast decline of the N effect on biomass is ascribed to increased denitrification and biomass removal. The delay in the P effect on biomass and species composition and the persistence of the P effect on species composition are ascribed to fast immobilisation and subsequent slow release of fertilizer P in the peat soil. Recurrence of the P pulses is expected to cause permanent changes in species composition.</p>", "keywords": ["peat soils", "0106 biological sciences", "enrichment", "tundra", "availability", "netherlands", "fens", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "diversity", "flooding", "vegetation", "mineral-nutrition", "phosphorus", "plant ecology", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "species diversity", "Aquatic Ecology", "nature reserves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "wild plants", "15. Life on land", "eutrophication", "community", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "gelderland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "van der Hoek, D., van Mierlo, A.J.E.M., van Groenendael, J.M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02276.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Response Of Plant Species Richness And Primary Productivity In Shrublands Along A North-South Gradient In Europe To Seven Years Of Experimental Warming And Drought: Reductions In Primary Productivity In The Heat And Drought Year Of 2003", "description": "Abstract<p>We used a nonintrusive field experiment carried out at six sites \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Wales (UK), Denmark (DK), the Netherlands (NL), Hungary (HU), Sardinia (Italy \uffe2\uff80\uff93 IT), and Catalonia (Spain \uffe2\uff80\uff93 SP) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 along a climatic and latitudinal gradient to examine the response of plant species richness and primary productivity to warming and drought in shrubland ecosystems. The warming treatment raised the plot daily temperature by ca. 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, while the drought treatment led to a reduction in soil moisture at the peak of the growing season that ranged from 26% at the SP site to 82% in the NL site. During the 7 years the experiment lasted (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005), we used the pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90point method to measure the species composition of plant communities and plant biomass, litterfall, and shoot growth of the dominant plant species at each site. A significantly lower increase in the number of species pin\uffe2\uff80\uff90pointed per transect was found in the drought plots at the SP site, where the plant community was still in a process of recovering from a forest fire in 1994. No changes in species richness were found at the other sites, which were at a more mature and stable state of succession and, thus less liable to recruitment of new species. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and temperature of the growing season was positive at the coldest site and negative at the warmest site. The warming treatment tended to increase the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) at the northern sites. The relationship between annual biomass accumulation and soil moisture during the growing season was not significant at the wettest sites, but was positive at the driest sites. The drought treatment tended to reduce the ANPP in the NL, HU, IT, and SP sites. The responses to warming were very strongly related to the Gaussen aridity index (stronger responses the lower the aridity), whereas the responses to drought were not. Changes in the annual aboveground biomass accumulation, litterfall, and, thus, the ANPP, mirrored the interannual variation in climate conditions: the most outstanding change was a decrease in biomass accumulation and an increase in litterfall at most sites during the abnormally hot year of 2003. Species richness also tended to decrease in 2003 at all sites except the cold and wet UK site. Species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific responses to warming were found in shoot growth: at the SP site, Globularia alypum was not affected, while the other dominant species, Erica multiflora, grew 30% more; at the UK site, Calluna vulgaris tended to grow more in the warming plots, while Empetrum nigrum tended to grow less. Drought treatment decreased plant growth in several studied species, although there were some species such as Pinus halepensis at the SP site or C. vulgaris at the UK site that were not affected. The magnitude of responses to warming and drought thus depended greatly on the differences between sites, years, and species and these multiple plant responses may be expected to have consequences at ecosystem and community level. Decreases in biodiversity and the increase in E. multiflora growth at the SP site as a response to warming challenge the assumption that sensitivity to warming may be less well developed at more southerly latitudes; likewise, the fact that one of the studied shrublands presented negative ANPP as a response to the 2003 heat wave also challenges the hypothesis that future climate warming will lead to an enhancement of plant growth and carbon sequestration in temperate ecosystems. Extreme events may thus change the general trend of increased productivity in response to warming in the colder sites.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Onada de calor", "arctic ecosystems", "Matorral", "drought", "Biomasa vegetal", "heathland", "global warming", "01 natural sciences", "Sequ\u00eda", "Productividad primaria neta", "Forest-steppe", "Gradiente Europea", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "net primary productivity", "evergreen mediterranean forest", "species richness", "litterfall", "biodiversity", "European gradient", "Plant growth", "2. Zero hunger", "Global warming", "terrestrial ecosystems", "phillyrea-latifolia", "Biodiversity", "Sequera", "Crecimiento de las plantas", "6. Clean water", "Net primary productivity", "climate change", "Brezal", "Biomassa vegetal", "climate-change", "heat wave", "Bosc-estepa", "environmental-change", "Litterfall", "Shrubland", "Biodiversidad", "soil", "Riquesa d'esp\u00e8cies", "forest-steppe", "Heat wave", "Bruguerar", "carbon-cycle", "Riqueza de especies", "quercus-ilex", "14. Life underwater", "plant biomass", "Hojarasca", "Plant biomass", "Drought", "Escalfament global", "plant growth", "15. Life on land", "biodiversity; climate change; global warming; plant community; primary production; shrubland; species richness", " Benelux; Catalonia; Central Europe; Denmark; Eurasia; Europe; Hungary; Italy; Netherlands; Northern Europe; Sardinia; Scandinavia; Southern Europe; Spain; United Kingdom; Wales; Western Europe", " Calluna; Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Erica multiflora; Globularia alypum; Pinus halepensis; Biodiversity; Climate change; Drought; European gradient; Forest-steppe; Global warming; Heat wave; Heathland; Litterfall; Net primary productivity; Plant biomass; Plant growth; Shrubland; Species richness", "Gradient Europea", "Biodiversitat", "Creixement de les plantes", "Productivitat prim\u00e0ria neta", "13. Climate action", "cistus-albidus", "Calentamiento global", "Bosque-estepa", "shrubland", "Fullaraca", "Heathland", "Species richness", "Ola de calor"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01464.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "Climate Change Effects On Organic Matter Decomposition Rates In Ecosystems From The Maritime Antarctic And Falkland Islands", "description": "Abstract<p>Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, using two study sites in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Anchorage Island, 67\uffc2\uffb0S; Signy Island, 61\uffc2\uffb0S), and contrasted the responses found with those at the cool temperate Falkland Islands (52\uffc2\uffb0S). Our approach consisted of two complementary methods: (1) Laboratory measurements of decomposition at different temperatures (2, 6 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) of plant material and soil organic matter from all three locations. (2) Field measurements at all three locations on the decomposition of soil organic matter, plant material and cellulose, both under natural conditions and under experimental warming (about 0.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) achieved using open top chambers. Higher temperatures led to higher organic matter breakdown in the laboratory studies, indicating that decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems is likely to increase with increasing soil temperatures. However, both laboratory and field studies showed that decomposition was more strongly influenced by local substratum characteristics (especially soil N availability) and plant functional type composition than by large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale temperature differences. The very small responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in the field (experimental temperature increase &lt; 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) compared with the laboratory (experimental increases of 4 or 8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) shows that substantial warming is required before significant effects can be detected.</p>", "keywords": ["microbial breakdown", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "environmental change", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-30", "title": "Response Of Soil Surface Co2 Flux In A Boreal Forest To Ecosystem Warming", "description": "Abstract<p>Soil surface carbon dioxide (CO2) flux (RS) was measured for 2 years at the Boreal Soil and Air Warming Experiment site near Thompson, MB, Canada. The experimental design was a complete random block design that consisted of four replicate blocks, with each block containing a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83m \uffc3\uff97 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83m control and heated plot. Black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] was the overstory species and Epilobium angustifolium was the dominant understory. Soil temperature was maintained (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) above the control soil temperature using electric cables inside water filled polyethylene tubing for each heated plot. Air inside a 7.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter chamber, centered in the soil warming plot, contained approximately nine black spruce trees was heated \uffe2\uff88\uffbc5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C above control ambient air temperature allowing for the testing of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only warming and soil+air warming. Soil surface CO2 flux (RS) was positively correlated (P &lt; 0.0001) to soil temperature at 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth. Soil surface CO2 flux (RS) was 24% greater in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only warming than the control in 2004, but was only 11% greater in 2005, while RS in the soil+air warming treatments was 31% less than the control in 2004 and 23% less in 2005. Live fine root mass (&lt; 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter) was less in the heated than control treatments in 2004 and statistically less (P &lt; 0.01) in 2005. Similar root mass between the two heated treatments suggests that different heating methods (soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90only vs. soil+air warming) can affect the rate of decomposition.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-23", "title": "Advanced Snowmelt Affects Vegetative Growth And Sexual Reproduction Of Vaccinium Myrtillus In A Sub-Alpine Heath", "description": "AbstractQuestion<p>In cold regions, snow cover duration is expected to decrease, especially in spring, as a consequence of climate warming. We investigated effects of changes in timing of snowmelt in relation to weather conditions on Vaccinium myrtillus, a dominant shrub in heath vegetation. We tested the hypothesis that advanced snowmelt will enhance shrub growth in years with few frosts, but will reduce shrub growth in years with frequent frosts.</p>Location<p>A sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heath in the Northern Apennines (Italy).</p>Methods<p>We carried out two experiments. In the main experiment, snow was added to (+S) or removed from (\uffe2\uff88\uff92S) experimental plots in spring of three growing seasons (2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932006), with a mean delay in snowmelt timing of about 2\uffc2\uffa0wk from \uffe2\uff88\uff92S to +S. In a companion experiment, we simulated a freezing event in late spring 2004.</p>Results<p>During the snowmelt period, the \uffe2\uff88\uff92S plants experienced 6\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 more frost events, compared with +S and unmanipulated controls (C) in 2004 and 2005, but not in 2006. In the first 2\uffc2\uffa0yr leaf production, leaf expansion and flowering were all significantly reduced in the \uffe2\uff88\uff92S plants, while shoot elongation was unaffected. In the companion experiment with artificial frost V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus presented similar responses. Conversely, the manipulations of snow did not affect either the hydric or nutrient status of plants and soils.</p>Conclusions<p>The results overall support our hypothesis, as shown by the differing effects of snow depth and timing of melt on V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus in the 3\uffc2\uffa0yr. Spring frost was the cause of reduced growth and reduced flower production in 2004 and 2005. However, advanced snowmelt will not decrease the cover of this dominant species. Therefore, the structure and species dominance patterns in sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heath are not expected to change significantly in response to reduced snow cover. Support for this conclusion is provided by the capacity of V.\uffc2\uffa0myrtillus to recover vegetatively from frost injury through stimulated shoot elongation, and by the low importance of sexual reproduction for propagating dominant ericaceous shrubs in closed heath communities.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "13. Climate action", "C; 13; Climate change; Flowering; Frost; N; 15; Nutrient; Snow manipulation; Spring warming; Water;", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01472.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-04", "title": "Shrub Encroachment In North American Grasslands: Shifts In Growth Form Dominance Rapidly Alters Control Of Ecosystem Carbon Inputs", "description": "Abstract<p>Shrub encroachment into grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated biomes is occurring globally due to a variety of anthropogenic activities, but the consequences for carbon (C) inputs, storage and cycling remain unclear. We studied eight North American graminoid\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated ecosystems invaded by shrubs, from arctic tundra to Atlantic coastal dunes, to quantify patterns and controls of C inputs via aboveground net primary production (ANPP). Across a fourfold range in mean annual precipitation (MAP), a key regulator of ecosystem C input at the continental scale, shrub invasion decreased ANPP in xeric sites, but dramatically increased ANPP (&gt;1000\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) at high MAP, where shrub patches maintained extraordinarily high leaf area. Concurrently, the relationship between MAP and ANPP shifted from being nonlinear in grasslands to linear in shrublands. Thus, relatively abrupt (&lt;50 years) shifts in growth form dominance, without changes in resource quantity, can fundamentally alter continental\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale pattern of C inputs and their control by MAP in ways that exceed the direct effects of climate change alone.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01512.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-11", "title": "Microbial Activity And Soil Respiration Under Nitrogen Addition In Alaskan Boreal Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-20", "title": "Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity and are thus integral to human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of microbial communities across space and time and have provided evidence for their contribution to ecosystem functions. However, major knowledge gaps in soil biogeography remain to be addressed over the coming years as technology and research questions continue to evolve.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "future perspectives", "0303 health sciences", "soil microbial biogeography", "recent advances", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Minireview"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-27", "title": "Warming And Elevated Co2affect The Relationship Between Seed Mass, Germinability And Seedling Growth In Austrodanthonia Caespitosa, A Dominant Australian Grass", "description": "Abstract<p>While the influence of elevated CO2 on the production, mass and quality of plant seeds has been well studied, the effect of warming on these characters is largely unknown; and there is practically no information on possible interactions between warming and elevated CO2, despite the importance of these characters in population maintenance and recovery. Here, we present the impacts of elevated CO2 and warming, both in isolation and combination, on seed production, mass, quality, germination success and subsequent seedling growth of Austrodanthonia caespitosa, a dominant temperate C3 grass from Australia, using seeds collected from the TasFACE experiment. Mean seed production and mass were not significantly affected by either elevated CO2 or warming, but elevated CO2 more than doubled the proportion of very light, inviable seeds (P &lt; 0.05) and halved mean seed N concentration (P &lt; 0.04) and N content (P &lt; 0.03). The dependence of seed germination success on seed mass was affected by an elevated CO2\uffc3\uff97 warming interaction (P &lt; 0.004), such that maternal exposure to elevated CO2 or warming reduced germination if applied in isolation, but not when applied in combination. Maternal effects were retained when seedlings were grown in a common environment for 6 weeks, with seedlings descended from warmed plants 20% smaller (P &lt; 0.008) with a higher root\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83shoot ratio (P &lt; 0.001) than those from unwarmed plants. Given that both elevated CO2 and warming reduced seed mass, quality, germinability or seedling growth, it is likely that global change will reduce population growth or distribution of this dominant species.</p>", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "germination", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "grasslands", "carbon dioxide", "seeds", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01597.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Repeated Summer Drought On Soil Carbon Efflux In Hydric And Mesic Heathland Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Current predictions of climate change include altered rainfall patterns throughout Europe, continental USA and areas such as the Amazon. The effect of this on soil carbon efflux remains unclear although several modelling studies have highlighted the potential importance of drought for carbon storage. To test the importance of drought, and more importantly repeated drought year\uffe2\uff80\uff90on\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, we used automated retractable curtains to exclude rain and produce repeated summer drought in three heathlands at varying moisture conditions. This included a hydric system limited by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90excess (in the UK) and two mesic systems with seasonal water limitation in Denmark (DK) and the Netherlands (NL). The experimental rainfall reductions were set to reflect single year droughts observed in the last decade with exclusion of rain for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 months of the year resulting in a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% reduction in annual rainfall and 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9338% reduction in mean soil moisture during the drought period. Unexpectedly, sustained reduction in soil moisture over winter (between drought periods) was also observed at all three sites, along with a reduction in the maximum water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity attained. Three hypotheses are discussed which may have contributed to this lack of recovery in soil moisture: hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, increased water use by plants and increased cracking of the soil. The responses of soil respiration to this change in soil moisture varied among the sites: decreased rates were observed at the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited NL and DK sites whilst they increased at the UK site. Reduced sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature was observed at soil moisture contents above 55% at the UK site and below 20% and 13% at the NL and DK sites, respectively. Soil respiration rates recovered to predrought levels in the NL and DK sites during the winter re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting period that indicates any change in soil C storage due to changes in soil C efflux may be short lived in these mesic systems. In contrast, in the hydric UK site after 2 years of drought treatment, the persistent reduction in soil moisture throughout the year resulted in a year\uffe2\uff80\uff90round increase in soil respiration flux, a response that accelerated over time to 40% above control levels. These findings suggest that carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils with high organic matter content may act as a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere following repeated summer drought. Nonrecovery of soil moisture and a persistent increase in soil respiration may be the primary mechanism underlying the reported substantial losses of soil carbon from UK organic soils over the last 20 years. These findings indicate that the water status of an ecosystem will be a critical factor to consider in determining the impact of drought on the soil carbon fluxes and storage.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "organic soils", "VULCAN project", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "551", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Warming Increases Aboveground Plant Biomass And C Stocks In Vascular-Plant-Dominated Antarctic Tundra", "description": "Abstract<p>We passively warmed tundra on the Antarctic Peninsula over four growing seasons and assessed its effect on dry mass and C and N stocks associated with the vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis (a cushion\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming forb) and Deschampsia antarctica (a tussock grass), and mosses. Temperature treatments involved a warmed treatment that raised diurnal and diel canopy air temperatures by 2.3 and 1.3 \uffc2\uffb0C, respectively, and a near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperature treatment that raised diurnal and diel temperatures by 0.2 \uffc2\uffb0C. These two different temperature regimes were achieved by wrapping filters around the frames to different extents and were nested within three UV treatments that filtered different solar UV wavebands. The experiment also included an ambient control treatment (unfiltered frames), and supplemental water and fertilizer treatments (applied to unfiltered frames). After four growing seasons, we collected cores of each vascular plant species and assessed the mass and C and N content of the aboveground current\uffe2\uff80\uff90year biomass, the litter layer (which included nongreen live stems), and the organic soil horizon (which included roots). The thin nature of the organic soil horizon allowed us to sample this complete horizon and estimate near\uffe2\uff80\uff90total ecosystem C and N stocks. A comparison of the warmed and near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperature treatments found that warming led to greater aboveground biomass of C. quitensis, and more C in the aboveground biomass of both vascular plant species. Warming resulted in lower N concentrations of the aboveground biomass of both species. The water use efficiency of both species was greater under warming, based on their higher \uffce\uffb413C values. The mass of the litter layer under C. quitensis was greater under warming, and this layer contained more C and N and had a higher C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio. The mass of the organic soil horizon under both species was greater under warming, and this horizon also contained more C and N. Warming also changed the species composition of the plant community \uffe2\uff80\uff93 cover of C. quitensis increased while that of mosses declined. Warming resulted in the input of biomass into the system that had greater C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios (and was likely more recalcitrant to decomposition) because (1) warming increased the C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio of the biomass produced by both vascular plant species, (2) these inputs increased with warming because of greater biomass production, and (3) increases in C. quitensis cover led to greater biomass inputs by this species and its biomass had a greater C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio than D. antarctica. Water or fertilizer supplements had few effects on aboveground biomass or C and N concentrations or pools, consistent with the relatively wet maritime climate and high soil nutrient levels of this system. Total C pools in the aboveground biomass, litter, and organic soil horizon were greater under warming. Warmed plots contained from 272 to 319\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 more C than plots under near\uffe2\uff80\uff90ambient temperatures, corresponding to a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9334% increase in ecosystem C.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01623.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Warming And Drought Alter C And N Concentration, Allocation And Accumulation In A Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Abstract<p>We investigated the effects of warming and drought on C and N concentrations, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and C and N accumulation in different ecosystem compartments. We conducted a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005) field experiment to simulate the climate conditions projected by IPCC models for the coming decades in a Mediterranean shrubland. We studied the two dominant species, Globularia alypum and Erica multiflora, and an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing species, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, also abundant in this shrubland. Warming (1\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) decreased N leaf concentrations by 25% and increased N stem concentrations by 40% in G. alypum. Although warming changed the available ammonium in soil in some seasons, it did not increase total soil N contents. Drought (19% average reduction in soil moisture) decreased leaf N concentrations in the two dominant shrub species, E. multiflora and G. alypum by 16% and 19%, respectively, and increased stem N concentrations by 56% and 40%, respectively. Neither warming nor drought changed the leaf N concentrations in the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing species D. pentaphyllum, although warming increased stem N concentration by 9%. In G. alypum, the increase of stem N concentrations contributed to the observed increase of N accumulation in stem biomass in drought treatments with respect to control plots (8\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Neither warming nor drought changed NUE in the period 1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932005. Warming increased soil organic C relative to drought. The effects of warming and drought on C and N concentrations, on N accumulation and on leaf/stem N distribution were not the result of dilution or concentration effects produced by changes in biomass accumulation. Other factors such as the changes in soil N availability, photosynthetic capacity, and plant internal C and N remobilization must be involved. These changes which differed depending on the species and the plant tissue show that the climate change projected for the coming decades will have significant effects on the C and N cycle and stoichiometry, with probable implications for ecosystem structure and function, such as changes in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93herbivore relationships, decomposition rates or community species composition.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "warming", "Dorycnium pentaphyllum", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "Erica multiflora", "Sequ\u00eda", "Matorral mediterr\u00e1neo", "NUE", "Climate change", "Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Sequera", "Escalfament", "Calentamiento", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "N", "6. Clean water", "Globularia alypum", "Mediterranean shrubland", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Warming", "C/N", "Matoll mediterrani"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Warming And Drying Suppress Microbial Activity And Carbon Cycling In Boreal Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate warming is expected to have particularly strong effects on tundra and boreal ecosystems, yet relatively few studies have examined soil responses to temperature change in these systems. We used closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90top greenhouses to examine the response of soil respiration, nutrient availability, microbial abundance, and active fungal communities to soil warming in an Alaskan boreal forest dominated by mature black spruce. This treatment raised soil temperature by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and also resulted in a 22% decline in soil water content. We hypothesized that microbial abundance and activity would increase with the greenhouse treatment. Instead, we found that bacterial and fungal abundance declined by over 50%, and there was a trend toward lower activity of the chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymeN\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase. Soil respiration also declined by up to 50%, but only late in the growing season. These changes were accompanied by significant shifts in the community structure of active fungi, with decreased relative abundance of a dominant Thelephoroid fungus and increased relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes in response to warming. In line with our hypothesis, we found that warming marginally increased soil ammonium and nitrate availability as well as the overall diversity of active fungi. Our results indicate that rising temperatures in northern\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems may not always cause a positive feedback to the soil carbon cycle, particularly in boreal forests with drier soils. Models of carbon cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks could increase their predictive power by incorporating heterogeneity in soil properties and microbial communities across the boreal zone.</p>", "keywords": ["nucleotide analog", "warming", "Ecology", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "Climate Action", "mycorrhizal fungi", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "microbial community", "bacteria", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt65m167kr/qt65m167kr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-15", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Water Table And Precipitation On Net Co2 Assimilation Of Three Co-Occurring Sphagnum Mosses Differing In Distribution Above The Water Table", "description": "Abstract<p>Sphagnum cuspidatum,S. magellanicumandS. rubellumare three co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring peat mosses, which naturally have a different distribution along the microtopographical gradient of the surface of peatlands. We set out an experiment to assess the interactive effects of water table (low: \uffe2\uff88\uff9210\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm and high: \uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) and precipitation (present or absent) on the CO2assimilation and evaporation of these species over a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff90day period. Additionally, we measured which sections of the moss layer were responsible for light absorption and bulk carbon uptake. Thereafter, we investigated how water content affected carbon uptake by the mosses. Our results show that at high water table, CO2assimilation of all species gradually increased over time, irrespective of the precipitation. At low water table, net CO2assimilation of all species declined over time, with the earliest onset and highest rate of decline forS. cuspidatum. Precipitation compensated for reduced water tables and positively affected the carbon uptake of all species. Almost all light absorption occurred in the first centimeter of theSphagnumvegetation and so did net CO2assimilation. CO2assimilation rate showed species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific relationships with capitulum water content, with narrow but contrasting optima forS. cuspidatumandS. rubellum. Assimilation byS. magellanicumwas constant at a relatively low rate over a broad range of capitulum water contents. Our study indicates that prolonged drought may alter the competitive balance between species, favoring hummock species over hollow species. Moreover, this study shows that precipitation is at least equally important as water table drawdown and should be taken into account in predictions about the fate of peatlands with respect to climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["photosynthesis", "tolerance", "biomass", "growth", "exchange", "temperature", "peat bog", "15. Life on land", "fuscum", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "desiccation", "level", "13. Climate action", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-05", "title": "Climate Change Effects On Plant Biomass Alter Dominance Patterns And Community Evenness In An Experimental Old-Field Ecosystem", "description": "Abstract<p>Atmospheric and climatic change can alter plant biomass production and plant community composition. However, we know little about how climate change\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced alterations in biomass production affect plant species composition. To better understand how climate change will alter both individual plant species and community biomass, we manipulated atmospheric [CO2], air temperature, and precipitation in a constructed old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field ecosystem. Specifically, we compared the responses of dominant and subdominant species to our climatic treatments, and explored how changes in plant dominance patterns alter community evenness over 2 years. Our study resulted in four major findings: (1) all treatments, elevated [CO2], warming, and increased precipitation increased plant community biomass and the effects were additive rather than interactive, (2) plant species differed in their response to the treatments, resulting in shifts in the proportional biomass of individual species, which altered the plant community composition; however, the plant community response was largely driven by the positive precipitation response of Lespedeza, the most dominant species in the community, (3) precipitation explained most of the variation in plant community composition among treatments, and (4) changes in precipitation caused a shift in the dominant species proportional biomass that resulted in lower community evenness in the wet relative to dry treatments. Interestingly, compositional and evenness responses of the subdominant community to the treatments did not always follow the responses of the whole plant community. Our data suggest that changes in plant dominance patterns and community evenness are an important part of community responses to climatic change, and generally, that such compositional shifts can alter ecosystem biomass production and nutrient inputs.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02162.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-11", "title": "Stem Wood Properties Of Mature Norway Spruce After 3 Years Of Continuous Exposure To Elevated [Co2] And Temperature", "description": "Abstract<p>The objective of the study was to investigate the interactive effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2], and temperature on the wood properties of mature field\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees. Material for the study was obtained from an experiment in Flakaliden, northern Sweden, where trees were grown for 3 years in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers at ambient (365\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or elevated [CO2] (700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and ambient or elevated air temperature (ambient +5.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C in winter and ambient +2.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C in summer). Elevated temperature affected both wood chemical composition and structure, but had no effect on stem radial growth. Elevated temperature decreased the concentrations of acetone\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble extractives and soluble sugars, while mean and earlywood (EW) cell wall thickness and wood density were increased. Elevated [CO2] had no effect on stem wood chemistry or radial growth. In wood structure, elevated [CO2] decreased EW cell wall thickness and increased tracheid radial diameter in latewood (LW). Some significant interactions between elevated [CO2] and temperature were found in the anatomical and physical properties of stem wood (e.g. microfibril angle, and LW cell wall thickness and density). Our results show that the wood material properties of mature Norway spruce were altered under exposure to elevated [CO2] and temperature, although stem radial growth was not affected by the treatments.</p>", "keywords": ["karkeus", "580", "0106 biological sciences", "kimmomoduuli", "Picea abies", "mikrofibrillikulma", "puun tiheys", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "puun anatomia", "13. Climate action", "trakeidit", "SilviScan", "ilmastonmuutos", "puun kemia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01755.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-01-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-22", "title": "Integrated Economic Equilibrium And Life Cycle Assessment Modeling For Policy-Based Consequential Lca", "description": "Summary<p>Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) has emerged as a tool for estimating environmental impacts of changes in product systems that go beyond physical relationships accounted for in attributional LCA (ALCA). This study builds on recent efforts to use more complex economic models for policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90based CLCA. A partial market equilibrium (PME) model, called the U.S. Forest Products Module (USFPM), is combined with LCA to analyze an energy demand scenario in which wood use increases 400 million cubic meters in the United States for ethanol production. Several types of indirect economic and environmental impacts are identified and estimated using USFPM\uffe2\uff80\uff90LCA. A key finding is that if wood use for biofuels increases to high levels and mill residue is used for biofuels and replaced by natural gas for heat and power in forest products mills, then the increased greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas could offset reductions obtained by substituting biofuels for gasoline. Such high levels of biofuel demand, however, appear to have relatively low environmental impacts across related forest product sectors.</p>", "keywords": ["690", "Industrial ecology", "2300 Environmental Science", "Energy demand", "Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA)", "2002 Economics and Econometrics", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biofuel", "Partial equilibrium modeling", "13. Climate action", "3300 Social Sciences", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Forest economics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Industrial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00540.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Long-Lasting Effects On Nitrogen Cycling 12 Years After Treatments Cease Despite Minimal Long-Term Nitrogen Retention", "description": "Abstract<p>Atmospheric deposition of biologically active nitrogen (N) has increased dramatically over the past 60 years, with far\uffe2\uff80\uff90reaching impacts on the structure and function of many ecosystems. Much research has examined the initial impacts of N enrichment; however, few studies have been multidecadal, and even fewer long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies have examined the longevity of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced impacts on N cycling after inputs cease. Here, we address this gap by reporting the state of key N pools and fluxes in a Minnesota grassland for plots that received N addition for 10 years and then none for 12 years, in comparison with plots that received annual N treatment for the entire 22 years. We found weak evidence for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N retention in plots that ceased receiving treatment; and in plots that continued to receive N over the 22\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period, retention that was high after 12 years (50\uffe2\uff80\uff93100% of inputs) was greatly reduced after 22 years (to 15%). In spite of this, net N mineralization rates remained elevated in plots that ceased receiving treatment 12 years prior, likely because N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich litter maintained higher N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling rates. These results suggest (1) some systems do not retain much deposited N, with potentially large impacts on downstream habitats; (2) the previously reported high retention efficiencies for this and many other terrestrial ecosystems may be relatively short\uffe2\uff80\uff90lived as N sinks become saturated over time; and (3) the effects of even small amounts of retained N in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited environments may be particularly long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting. In total, these findings highlight the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies in evaluating the impacts of chronic N deposition to ecosystems, and urge additional research examining dynamics following N cessation to evaluate the reversibility of these impacts.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01811.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-22", "title": "Population And Planting Pattern Effects On Intercropped Maize And Cowpea", "description": "Abstract<p>Field studies on the nature of competition and the effects of various planting patterns on maize/cowpea intercrop yields were conducted in Southwestern Nigeria. Relative Crowding Coefficient values indicated that maize dominated cowpea. The magnitude of competition between maize and cowpea is related to season and nitrogen fertilizer. Based on grain yields, maize and cowpea compete for N only when it was applied but tended to derive it from different sources in the absence of applied N.</p><p>Spatial arrangements designed to increase light reaching intercropped cowpea included alternate and double rows of cowpeas between maize rows. These did not, however, increase grain yields of cowpeas over those intercropped with maize in the same row.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "H. C. Ezumah, J. E. G. Ikeorgu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Crop%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb01074.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-05", "title": "Nitrogen Deposition, Vegetation Burning And Climate Warming Act Independently On Microbial Community Structure And Enzyme Activity Associated With Decomposing Litter In Low-Alpine Heath", "description": "Abstract<p>Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heathlands are thought to be particularly sensitive to nitrogen (N) deposition, climate and land management change, yet little is known about how these factors regulate key belowground processes, like litter turnover, under field conditions. Here we use an in situ factorial field experiment to test the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition, climate manipulation and past vegetation burning, and their interactions, on litter decomposition and the activity and diversity of associated microorganisms. The use of litter from within (native) and outwith (standard) the experimental plots also enabled us to test whether decomposition and microbial functional diversity is driven primarily by soil conditions or litter chemistry. In general, extracellular enzyme activities of litter were driven by additions of simulated N deposition with phosphatase being the most responsive. We found that standard litter incubated in plots that had been burnt 8 years previously decomposed slower and lost less N and phosphorus than in unburnt plots. This material also had associated with it the greatest activity of glucosidase and the least diverse microbial community, as assessed by culture\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent methods. Although all treatments significantly affected microbial diversity, burning explained most of the variability, indicating a close coupling between plant and microbial communities in these treatments. A striking feature of all the data relating to both standard and native litter was an almost complete lack of interactive effects between the treatments. The lack of interactions between the treatments indicates that each perturbation might affect different mechanisms in the decomposition process (including the composition of associated microbial communities) and nutrient cycling.</p>", "keywords": ["climate change", "enzyme activities", "soil microorganisms", "soil bacteria", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "soil fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-22", "title": "Exposure To Preindustrial, Current And Future Atmospheric Co2 And Temperature Differentially Affects Growth And Photosynthesis In Eucalyptus", "description": "Abstract<p>To investigate if Eucalyptus species have responded to industrial\uffe2\uff80\uff90age climate change, and how they may respond to a future climate, we measured growth and physiology of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90 (E. saligna) and slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing (E. sideroxylon) seedlings exposed to preindustrial (290), current (400) or projected (650\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcL\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and to current or projected (current +4\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C) temperature. To evaluate maximum potential treatment responses, plants were grown with nonlimiting soil moisture. We found that: (1) E. sideroxylon responded more strongly to elevated [CO2] than to elevated temperature, while E. saligna responded similarly to elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature; (2) the transition from preindustrial to current [CO2] did not enhance eucalypt plant growth under ambient temperature, despite enhancing photosynthesis; (3) the transition from current to future [CO2] stimulated both photosynthesis and growth of eucalypts, independent of temperature; and (4) warming enhanced eucalypt growth, independent of future [CO2], despite not affecting photosynthesis. These results suggest large potential carbon sequestration by eucalypts in a future world, and highlight the need to evaluate how future water availability may affect such responses.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Eucalyptus", "photosynthesis", "13. Climate action", "growth", "atmospheric carbon dioxide", "high temperatures", "carbon dioxide", "soil moisture", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "climatic changes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02003.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-01", "title": "Increased Temperature And Precipitation Interact To Affect Root Production, Mortality, And Turnover In A Temperate Steppe: Implications For Ecosystem C Cycling", "description": "Abstract<p>Fine root production and turnover play important roles in regulating carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to examine effects of climate change on root production and turnover, a field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation had been conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China since April 2005. Experimental warming decreased annual root production, mortality, and mean standing crop by 10.3%, 12.1%, 7.0%, respectively, while root turnover was not affected in 2006 and 2007 by the warming. Annual root production and turnover was 5.9% and 10.3% greater in the elevated than ambient precipitation plots. Changes in root production and mortality in response to increased temperature and precipitation could be largely attributed to the changes in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and belowground/aboveground C allocation. There were significant interactive effects of warming and increased precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop. Experimental warming had positive and negative effects on the three root variables (root production, mortality, standing crop) under ambient and increased precipitation, respectively. Increased precipitation stimulated and suppressed the three root variables in the unwarmed and warmed subplots, respectively. The positive dependence of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration upon root productivity and mortality highlights the important role of root dynamics in ecosystem C cycling. The nonadditive effects of increased temperature and precipitation on root productivity, mortality, and standing crop observed in this study are critical for model projections of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystem feedbacks. These findings indicate that carbon allocation is a focal point for future research and that results from single factor experiments should be treated with caution because of factor interactions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Soil-Nutrient Availability Under A Global-Change Scenario In A Mediterranean Mountain Ecosystem", "description": "Changes in rainfall availability will alter soil-nutrient availability under a climate-change scenario. However, studies have usually analyzed the effect of either drier or wetter soil conditions, despite the fact that both possibilities will coexist in many climatic regions of the world. Furthermore, its effect may vary across the different habitats of the ecosystem. We experimentally investigated the effect of three contrasting climatic scenarios on different carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) fractions in soil and microbial compartments among three characteristic habitats in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem: forest, shrubland, and open areas. The climatic scenarios were dry summers, according to the 30% summer rainfall reduction projected in the Mediterranean; wet summer, simulating summer storms to reach the maximum historical records in the study area; and current climatic conditions (control). Sampling was replicated during two seasons (spring and summer) and 2 years. The climatic scenario did not affect the nutrient content in the litter layer. However, soil and microbial nutrients varied among seasons, habitats, and climatic scenarios. Soil-nutrient fractions increased with lower soil-moisture conditions (dry scenario and summer), whereas microbial nutrients increased under the wet summer scenario and spring. This pattern was consistent both studied years, although it was modulated by habitat, differences being lower with denser plant cover. Holm oak seedlings, used as live control of the experiment, tended to increase their N and P content (although not significantly) with water availability. Thus, the results support the idea that higher rainfall boosts microbial and plant-nutrient uptake, and hence nutrient cycling. By contrast, a rainfall reduction leads to an accumulation of nutrients in the soil, increasing the risk of nutrient loss by leaching or erosion. These results show that the projected climate change will have significant effects on nutrient cycles, and therefore will have important implications on the ecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["microbial", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "carbon", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "irrigation", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "litter", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/17230/1/2011_Matias_et_al._GCBSuppInf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02338.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-24", "title": "Turnover Of Labile And Recalcitrant Soil Carbon Differ In Response To Nitrate And Ammonium Deposition In An Ombrotrophic Peatland", "description": "Abstract<p>The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) and ammonium (NH4+), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH4+ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and NH4+ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.</p>", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "Whim bog", "substrate-induced respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-13", "title": "The Influence Of Elevated Temperature, Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration And Water Stress On Net Photosynthesis Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) At Northern, Central And Southern Sites In Its Native Range", "description": "Abstract<p>We investigated the effect of elevated [CO2] (700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), elevated temperature (+2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C above ambient) and decreased soil water availability on net photosynthesis (Anet) and water relations of one\uffe2\uff80\uff90year old potted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in treatment chambers with high fertility at three sites along a north\uffe2\uff80\uff90south transect covering a large portion of the species native range. At each location (Blairsville, Athens and Tifton, GA) we constructed four treatment chambers and randomly assigned each chamber one of four treatments: ambient [CO2] and ambient temperature, elevated [CO2] and ambient temperature, ambient [CO2] and elevated temperature, or elevated [CO2] and elevated temperature. Within each chamber half of the seedlings were well watered and half received much less water (1/4 that of the well watered).</p><p>Measurements of net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water potential and leaf fluorescence were made in June and September, 2008. We observed a significant increase in Anet in response to elevated [CO2] regardless of site or temperature treatment in June and September. An increase in air temperature of over 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C had no significant effect on Anet at any of the sites in June or September despite over a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C difference in mean annual temperature between the sites. Decreased water availability significantly reduced Anet in all treatments at each site in June. The effects of elevated [CO2] and temperature on gs followed a similar trend. The temperature, [CO2] and water treatments did not significantly affect leaf water potential or chlorophyll fluorescence. Our findings suggest that predicted increases in [CO2] will significantly increase Anet, while predicted increases in air temperature will have little effect on Anet across the native range of loblolly pine. Potential decreases in precipitation will likely cause a significant reduction in Anet, though this may be mitigated by increased [CO2].</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02053.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=B&offset=5500&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=B&offset=5500&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=B&offset=5450", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=B&offset=5550", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20313, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:32:05.605848Z"}