This study presents the preparation and property characterization of biomass aerogels as sound absorption materials. Biomasses were chosen to prepare aerogels through the freeze-drying method. Results indicated that four components may have different effects on the aerogel pore structure, and the aerogel formula was thus optimized to reach the best sound absorption. Within the experimental range, biomass aerogel with the optimized formula had an average sound efficiency 0.352, density 0.047\uffc2\uffa0g/cm3 and porosity 94.46\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04%. It shows better sound absorption performance than traditional sound absorption cotton. These results demonstrate the high sound absorption potential of biomass aerogels for building applications.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/15/3/450/33568729/ctaa005.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Low-Carbon%20Technologies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/ijlct/ctaa005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/ijlct/ctaa005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/gji/ggae150", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-23", "title": "Terraced slope metasurface in granular media", "description": "SUMMARYIn this work, the propagation and attenuation of vertically polarized surface waves when interacting with terraced slopes is studied experimentally and numerically. To validate the devised simulation, a laboratory-scale physical model is tested in order to examine the attenuation properties of this well-known artificial landform. The experiment involves formation of a terraced slope, in a laboratory setup, via use of an unconsolidated granular medium made of silica microbeads. This granular medium exhibits a gravity-induced power-law stiffness profile, resulting in a depth-dependent velocity profile. A piezoelectric actuator was used to excite vertically polarized surface acoustic modes localized near the surface of the medium. The three components of the particle velocity field of these modes were measured by means of a 3-D laser Doppler vibrometer. In accordance with the terraced slope, a simple inclined plane was further tested to investigate and highlight the differences in terms of wave propagation along these two different ground formations. The results of this research provide significant experimental evidence that the terraced slopes form mechanisms which attenuate low-frequency surface waves, thus acting as metasurfaces. This work suggests the use of laboratory-scale physical models to investigate the wave propagation in different landforms, which extend beyond typical horizontal ground morphologies, and which could be linked to atypical wave propagation properties, possibly even influencing propagation of seismic waves.This study presents the preparation and measurement of a novel environmentally friendly konjac glucomannan (KGM)-based composite aerogels enhanced with wheat straw (WS) via a sol\uffe2\uff80\uff93gel and freeze-drying progress. With the addition of WS, the porosity of aerogels could be increased from 50 to 88.13%, the filtration resistance of aerogels could be reduced from 500 to 205 Pa, and the filtration efficiency could be improved to 90.38%. The addition of WS also enhances the mechanical properties of composite aerogels with compression modulus of 2000.66 Pa, compressive strength of 501.56 Pa and elasticity of 0.603. The results demonstrate the high potential of KGM-based composite aerogels enhanced with WS for applications in air filtering.
", "keywords": ["02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/14/3/335/30064745/ctx021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctx021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Low-Carbon%20Technologies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/ijlct/ctx021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/ijlct/ctx021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/ijlct/ctx021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/ismeco/ycae116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-08", "title": "Land use effects on soil microbiome composition and traits with consequences for soil carbon cycling", "description": "AbstractThe soil microbiome determines the fate of plant-fixed carbon. The shifts in soil properties caused by land use change leads to modifications in microbiome function, resulting in either loss or gain of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil pH is the primary factor regulating microbiome characteristics leading to distinct pathways of microbial carbon cycling, but the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. Here, the taxa-trait relationships behind the variable fate of SOC were investigated using metaproteomics, metabarcoding, and a 13C-labeled litter decomposition experiment across two temperate sites with differing soil pH each with a paired land use intensity contrast. 13C incorporation into microbial biomass increased with land use intensification in low-pH soil but decreased in high-pH soil, with potential impact on carbon use efficiency in opposing directions. Reduction in biosynthesis traits was due to increased abundance of proteins linked to resource acquisition and stress tolerance. These trait trade-offs were underpinned by land use intensification-induced changes in dominant taxa with distinct traits. We observed divergent pH-controlled pathways of SOC cycling. In low-pH soil, land use intensification alleviates microbial abiotic stress resulting in increased biomass production but promotes decomposition and SOC loss. In contrast, in high-pH soil, land use intensification increases microbial physiological constraints and decreases biomass production, leading to reduced necromass build-up and SOC stabilization. We demonstrate how microbial biomass production and respiration dynamics and therefore carbon use efficiency can be decoupled from SOC highlighting the need for its careful consideration in managing SOC storage for soil health and climate change mitigation.Ongoing global warming is expected to augment soil respiration by increasing the microbial activity, driving self-reinforcing feedback to climate change. However, the compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms and substrate depletion may weaken the effects of rising temperature on soil respiration. To test this hypothesis, we collected soils along a large-scale forest transect in eastern China spanning a natural temperature gradient, and we incubated the soils at different temperatures with or without substrate addition. We combined the exponential thermal response function and a data-driven model to study the interaction effect of thermal adaptation and substrate availability on microbial respiration and compared our results to those from two additional continental and global independent datasets. Modeled results suggested that the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, which is consistent with the compensatory response to warming. In addition, the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater under substrate addition than under substrate depletion, which was also true for the independent datasets reanalyzed using our approach. Our results indicate that thermal adaptation in warmer regions could exert a more pronounced negative impact on microbial respiration when the substrate availability is abundant. These findings improve the body of knowledge on how substrate availability influences the soil microbial community\uffe2\uff80\uff93temperature interactions, which could improve estimates of projected soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through respiration.Ammonia oxidation is a key step in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, and soils are important ecosystems for nitrogen flux globally. Approximately 25% of the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s soils are alkaline. While nitrification has been studied more extensively in agricultural alkaline soils, less is known about natural, unfertilized alkaline soils. In this study, microorganisms responsible for ammonia oxidation and several environmental factors (season, temperature, ammonia concentration, and moisture content) known to affect nitrification were studied in an alkaline forest soil with a pH ranging from 8.36 to 8.77. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and comammox were present, and AOB belonging to genera Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas, originally comprising <0.01% of the total bacterial community, responded rapidly to ammonia addition to the soil. No significant difference was observed in nitrification rates between seasons, but there was a significant difference between in situ field nitrification rates and rates in laboratory microcosms. Surprisingly, nitrification took place under many of the tested conditions, but there was no detectable increase in the abundance of any recognizable group of ammonia oxidizers. This study raises questions about the role of low-abundance microorganisms in microbial processes and of situations where zero or very low microbial growth coincides with metabolic activity. In addition, this study provides insights into nitrification in unfertilized alkaline soil and supports previous studies, which found that AOB play an important role in alkaline soils supplemented with ammonia, including agricultural ecosystems.Microorganisms colonizing plant roots co-exist in complex, spatially structured multispecies biofilm communities. However, little is known about microbial interactions and the underlying spatial organization within biofilm communities established on plant roots. Here, a well-established four-species biofilm model (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Microbacterium oxydans, and Xanthomonas retroflexus, termed as SPMX) was applied to Arabidopsis roots to study the impact of multispecies biofilm on plant growth and the community spatial dynamics on the roots. SPMX co-culture notably promoted root development and plant biomass. Co-cultured SPMX increased root colonization and formed multispecies biofilms, structurally different from those formed by monocultures. By combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization with confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that the composition and spatial organization of the four-species biofilm significantly changed over time. Monoculture P. amylolyticus colonized plant roots poorly, but its population and root colonization were highly enhanced when residing in the four-species biofilm. Exclusion of P. amylolyticus from the community reduced overall biofilm production and root colonization of the three species, resulting in the loss of the plant growth-promoting effects. Combined with spatial analysis, this led to identification of P. amylolyticus as a keystone species. Our findings highlight that weak root colonizers may benefit from mutualistic interactions in complex communities and hereby become important keystone species impacting community spatial organization and function. This work expands the knowledge on spatial organization uncovering interspecific interactions in multispecies biofilm communities on plant roots, beneficial for harnessing microbial mutualism promoting plant growth.Residual expressions of enteric emissions favor a more equitable identification of an animal\uffe2\uff80\uff99s methanogenic potential compared with traditional measures of enteric emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of divergently ranking beef cattle for residual methane emissions (RME) on animal productivity, enteric emissions, and rumen fermentation. Dry matter intake (DMI), growth, feed efficiency, carcass output, and enteric emissions (GreenFeed emissions monitoring system) were recorded on 294 crossbred beef cattle (steers = 135 and heifers = 159; mean age 441 d (SD = 49); initial body weight (BW) of 476 kg (SD = 67)) at the Irish national beef cattle performance test center. Animals were offered a total mixed ration (77% concentrate and 23% forage; 12.6 MJ ME/kg of DM and 12% CP) ad libitum with emissions estimated for 21 d over a mean feed intake measurement period of 91 d. Animals had a mean daily methane emissions (DME) of 229.18 g/d (SD = 45.96), methane yield (MY) of 22.07 g/kg of DMI (SD = 4.06), methane intensity (MI) 0.70 g/kg of carcass weight (SD = 0.15), and RME 0.00 g/d (SD = 0.34). RME was computed as the residuals from a multiple regression model regressing DME on DMI and BW (R2 = 0.45). Animals were ranked into three groups namely high RME (>0.5 SD above the mean), medium RME (\uffc2\uffb10.5 SD above/below the mean), and low RME (>0.5 SD below the mean). Low RME animals produced 17.6% and 30.4% less (P < 0.05) DME compared with medium and high RME animals, respectively. A ~30% reduction in MY and MI was detected in low versus high RME animals. Positive correlations were apparent among all methane traits with RME most highly associated with (r = 0.86) DME. MY and MI were correlated (P < 0.05) with DMI, growth, feed efficiency, and carcass output. High RME had lower (P < 0.05) ruminal propionate compared with low RME animals and increased (P < 0.05) butyrate compared with medium and low RME animals. Propionate was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with all methane traits. Greater acetate:propionate ratio was associated with higher RME (r = 0.18; P < 0.05). Under the ad libitum feeding regime deployed here, RME was the best predictor of DME and only methane trait independent of animal productivity. Ranking animals on RME presents the opportunity to exploit interanimal variation in enteric emissions as well as providing a more equitable index of the methanogenic potential of an animal on which to investigate the underlying biological regulatory mechanisms.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Beef cattle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Animal Feed", "Diet", "Eating", "13. Climate action", "residual methane emissions", "Fermentation", "Environmental Animal Science", "Animals", "Cattle", "Female", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-pdf/99/11/skab275/41139199/skab275.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab275"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jas/skab275", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jas/skab275", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jas/skab275"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jpe/rtac075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-26", "title": "Effects of land use on soil microbial community structure and diversity in the Yellow River floodplain", "description": "AbstractSoil microorganisms and their diversity are important bioindicators of soil carbon and nutrient cycling. Land use type is a major determining factor that influences soil microbial community composition in floodplain ecosystems. However, how the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities respond to specific changes in land use, as well as the main drivers of these changes, are still unclear. This study was conducted in the Yellow River floodplain to examine the effects of land use type on soil microbial communities. Four land use types (shrubland, farmland, grassland and forest) were selected, wherein shrubland served as the baseline. We measured soil microbial structure and diversity using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Land use type significantly affected total, bacterial and fungal PLFAs, and the gram-positive/negative bacterial PLFAs. Compared with shrubland, peanut farmland had higher total and bacterial PLFAs and forest had higher fungal PLFAs. Soil pH and phosphorus were the predominate drivers of microbial PLFAs, explaining 37% and 26% of the variability, respectively. Soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the main factors increasing microbial community diversity. Peanut farmland had the highest soil carbon content, soil carbon stock, total PLFAs and microbial diversity, suggesting that farmland has great potential as a carbon sink. Our findings indicated that peanut farmland in the Yellow River floodplain is critical for maintaining soil microbial communities and soil carbon sequestration.Identifying the molecular basis of resistance to pathogens is critical to promote a chemical-free cropping system. In plants, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat constitute the largest family of disease resistance (R) genes, but this resistance can be rapidly overcome by the pathogen, prompting research into alternative sources of resistance. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most important diseases of common bean. This study aimed to identify the molecular basis of Co-x, an anthracnose R gene conferring total resistance to the extremely virulent C. lindemuthianum strain 100. To that end, we sequenced the Co-x 58 kb target region in the resistant JaloEEP558 (Co-x) common bean and identified KTR2/3, an additional gene encoding a truncated and chimeric CRINKLY4 kinase, located within a CRINKLY4 kinase cluster. The presence of KTR2/3 is strictly correlated with resistance to strain 100 in a diversity panel of common beans. Furthermore, KTR2/3 expression is up-regulated 24 hours post-inoculation and its transient expression in a susceptible genotype increases resistance to strain 100. Our results provide evidence that Co-x encodes a truncated and chimeric CRINKLY4 kinase probably resulting from an unequal recombination event that occurred recently in the Andean domesticated gene pool. This atypical R gene may act as a decoy involved in indirect recognition of a fungal effector.
", "keywords": ["Phaseolus", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "anthracnose", "0303 health sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "610", "Chromosome Mapping", "Genes", " Plant", "Phaseolus vulgaris", "630", "NLR", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "03 medical and health sciences", "disease resistance gene", "Colletotrichum", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "CRINKLY4 kinase", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "Common bean", "Common bean", " Phaseolus vulgaris", " NLR", " disease resistance gene", " CRINKLY4 kinase", " anthracnose", " unequal crossing-over", "unequal crossing-over", "Plant Diseases"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/72/10/3569/37799399/erab082.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jxb/erab082", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jxb/erab082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jxb/erab082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jxb/erab348", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-21", "title": "Catch-22 in specialized metabolism: balancing defense and growth", "description": "AbstractPlants are unsurpassed biochemists that synthesize a plethora of molecules in response to an ever-changing environment. The majority of these molecules, considered as specialized metabolites, effectively protect the plant against pathogens and herbivores. However, this defense most probably comes at a great expense, leading to reduction of growth (known as the \uffe2\uff80\uff98growth\uffe2\uff80\uff93defense trade-off\uffe2\uff80\uff99). Plants employ several strategies to reduce the high metabolic costs associated with chemical defense. Production of specialized metabolites is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors facilitating its fine-tuning in time and space. Multifunctionality of specialized metabolites\uffe2\uff80\uff94their effective recycling system by re-using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, thus re-introducing them back to the primary metabolite pool\uffe2\uff80\uff94allows further cost reduction. Spatial separation of biosynthetic enzymes and their substrates, and sequestration of potentially toxic substances and conversion to less toxic metabolite forms are the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff99s solutions to avoid the detrimental effects of metabolites they produce as well as to reduce production costs. Constant fitness pressure from herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stressors leads to honing of specialized metabolite biosynthesis reactions to be timely, efficient, and metabolically cost-effective. In this review, we assess the costs of production of specialized metabolites for chemical defense and the different plant mechanisms to reduce the cost of such metabolic activity in terms of self-toxicity and growth.Excess water can induce flooding stress resulting in yield loss, even in wetland crops such as rice (Oryza). However, traits from species of wild Oryza have already been used to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in cultivated rice. This study aimed to establish root responses to sudden soil flooding among eight wild relatives of rice with different habitat preferences benchmarked against three genotypes of O. sativa. Plants were raised hydroponically, mimicking drained or flooded soils, to assess the plasticity of adventitious roots. Traits included were apparent permeance (PA) to O2 of the outer part of the roots, radial water loss, tissue porosity, apoplastic barriers in the exodermis, and root anatomical traits. These were analysed using a plasticity index and hierarchical clustering based on principal component analysis. For example, O. brachyantha, a wetland species, possessed very low tissue porosity compared with other wetland species, whereas dryland species O. latifolia and O. granulata exhibited significantly lower plasticity compared with wetland species and clustered in their own group. Most species clustered according to growing conditions based on PA, radial water loss, root porosity, and key anatomical traits, indicating strong anatomical and physiological responses to sudden soil flooding.Bacterial attachment on root surfaces is an important step preceding the colonization or internalization and subsequent infection of plants by pathogens. Unfortunately, bacterial attachment is not well understood because the phenomenon is difficult to observe. Here we assessed whether this limitation could be overcome using optical trapping approaches. We have developed a system based on counter-propagating beams and studied its ability to guide Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) cells to different root cell types within the interstices of transparent soils. Bacterial cells were successfully trapped and guided to root hair cells, epidermal cells, border cells, and tissues damaged by laser ablation. Finally, we used the system to quantify the bacterial cell detachment rate of Pba cells on root surfaces following reversible attachment. Optical trapping techniques could greatly enhance our ability to deterministically characterize mechanisms linked to attachment and formation of biofilms in the rhizosphere.Root architectural phenotypes are promising targets for crop breeding, but root architectural effects on microbial associations in agricultural fields are not well understood. Architecture determines the location of microbial associations within root systems, which, when integrated with soil vertical gradients, determines the functions and the metabolic capability of rhizosphere microbial communities. We argue that variation in root architecture in crops has important implications for root exudation, microbial recruitment and function, and the decomposition and fate of root tissues and exudates. Recent research has shown that the root microbiome changes along root axes and among root classes, that root tips have a unique microbiome, and that root exudates change within the root system depending on soil physicochemical conditions. Although fresh exudates are produced in larger amounts in root tips, the rhizosphere of mature root segments also plays a role in influencing soil vertical gradients. We argue that more research is needed to understand specific root phenotypes that structure microbial associations and discuss candidate root phenotypes that may determine the location of microbial hotspots within root systems with relevance to agricultural systems.Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for constraining substructure in the mass distribution of galaxies, be it from the presence of dark matter sub-haloes or due to physical mechanisms affecting the baryons throughout galaxy evolution. Such substructure is hard to model and is either ignored by traditional, smooth modelling, approaches, or treated as well-localized massive perturbers. In this work, we propose a deep learning approach to quantify the statistical properties of such perturbations directly from images, where only the extended lensed source features within a mask are considered, without the need of any lens modelling. Our training data consist of mock lensed images assuming perturbing Gaussian Random Fields permeating the smooth overall lens potential, and, for the first time, using images of real galaxies as the lensed source. We employ a novel deep neural network that can handle arbitrary uncertainty intervals associated with the training data set labels as input, provides probability distributions as output, and adopts a composite loss function. The method succeeds not only in accurately estimating the actual parameter values, but also reduces the predicted confidence intervals by 10\uffc2\uffa0per\uffe2\uff80\uff89cent in an unsupervised manner, i.e. without having access to the actual ground truth values. Our results are invariant to the inherent degeneracy between mass perturbations in the lens and complex brightness profiles for the source. Hence, we can quantitatively and robustly quantify the smoothness of the mass density of thousands of lenses, including confidence intervals, and provide a consistent ranking for follow-up science.
", "keywords": ["Physics", "Gravitational lens", "Space and Planetary Science", "Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)", "0103 physical sciences", "Deep neural networks", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Astronomy and Astrophysics", "Statistical physics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/499/4/5641/34141333/staa3201.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3201"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Monthly%20Notices%20of%20the%20Royal%20Astronomical%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/mnras/staa3201", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/mnras/staa3201", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/mnras/staa3201"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/njaf/20.1.39", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-22", "title": "Effect Of Method Of Thinning On Wood Production In A Red Pine Plantation", "description": "AbstractThe total production of main-stem wood volume by a red pine plantation in New Hampshire did not differ during a 12 yr period between (a) low, (b) crown, and (c) selection thinning when the same amount of basal area was reserved in two successive thinnings. The reservation of larger trees in low and crown thinning improved production of board-foot volume and such trees suffered less mortality from annosus root disease. North. J. Appl. For. 20(1):39\uffe2\uff80\uff9342.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David M. Smith", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/njaf/20.1.39"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Northern%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/njaf/20.1.39", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/njaf/20.1.39", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/njaf/20.1.39"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nsr/nwae058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-08", "title": "Reply to \u201cBeyond microbial carbon use efficiency\u201d", "keywords": ["Critique & Debate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article-pdf/11/4/nwae058/57003469/nwae058.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/National%20Science%20Review", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/nsr/nwae058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/nsr/nwae058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/nsr/nwae058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/pcp/pcae113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-06", "title": "Population Genomics Reveals Demographic History and Climate Adaptation in Japanese Arabidopsis halleri", "description": "AbstractClimate oscillations in the Quaternary forced species to major latitudinal or altitudinal range shifts. It has been suggested that adaptation concomitant with range shifts plays key roles in species responses during climate oscillations, but the role of selection for local adaptation to climatic changes remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated population structure, demographic history and signatures of climate-driven selection based on genome-wide polymorphism data of 141 Japanese Arabidopsis halleri individuals, with European ones as outgroups. Coalescent-based analyses suggested a genetic differentiation between Japanese subpopulations since the Last Glacial Period (LGP), which would have contributed to shaping the current pattern of population structure. Population demographic analysis revealed the population size fluctuations in the LGP, which were particularly prominent since the subpopulations started to diverge (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc50, 000 years ago). The ecological niche modeling predicted the geographic or distribution range shifts from southern coastal regions to northern coastal and mountainous areas, possibly in association with the population size fluctuations. Through genome-wide association analyses of bioclimatic variables and selection scans, we investigated whether climate-associated loci are enriched in the extreme tails of selection scans, and demonstrated the prevailing signatures of selection, particularly toward a warmer climate in southern subpopulations and a drier environment in northern subpopulations, which may have taken place during or after the LGP. Our study highlights the importance of integrating climate associations, selection scans and population demographic analyses for identifying genomic signatures of population-specific adaptation, which would also help us predict the evolutionary responses to future climate changes.We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.Fungal interactions with plant roots, either beneficial or detrimental, have a crucial impact on agriculture and ecosystems. The cosmopolitan plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) provokes vascular wilts in more than a hundred different crops. Isolates of this fungus exhibit host-specific pathogenicity, which is conferred by lineage-specific Secreted In Xylem (SIX) effectors encoded on accessory genomic regions. However, such isolates also can colonize the roots of other plants asymptomatically as endophytes or even protect them against pathogenic strains. The molecular determinants of endophytic multihost compatibility are largely unknown. Here, we characterized a set of Fo candidate effectors from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root apoplastic fluid; these early root colonization (ERC) effectors are secreted during early biotrophic growth on main and alternative plant hosts. In contrast to SIX effectors, ERCs have homologs across the entire Fo species complex as well as in other plant-interacting fungi, suggesting a conserved role in fungus\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant associations. Targeted deletion of ERC genes in a pathogenic Fo isolate resulted in reduced virulence and rapid activation of plant immune responses, while ERC deletion in a nonpathogenic isolate led to impaired root colonization and biocontrol ability. Strikingly, some ERCs contribute to Fo infection on the nonvascular land plant Marchantia polymorpha, revealing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for multihost colonization by root infecting fungi.White pine (Pinus strobus L.) is planted extensively following reclamation of surface-mined land in the eastern coalfields. Little information exists on the productive potential of forests growing on reclaimed mined land and the response of these forests to intermediate stand treatments such as thinning. A thinning study was established in a 17-year-old white pine stand growing on a reclaimed surface mine in Wise County in southwest Virginia. A random complete block design was used to evaluate the growth response 9 growing seasons after thinning, when the stand was 26 years old. Stand parameters were projected to age 30 using a stand table projection. Site index of the stand was found to be 105 ft at a base age of 50 years. Thinning increased the diameter growth of the residual trees to 0.3 in. year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 compared with 0.2 in. year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the unthinned treatment; however, at age 26, there was no difference in volume or value per acre. When projected to age 30, the unthinned treatment had a volume of 6,530 ft3 ac\uffe2\uff88\uff921 but was only worth $3,564 ac\uffe2\uff88\uff921, whereas the thinned treatment was projected to have 6,654 ft3 ac\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which was worth $4,559 ac\uffe2\uff88\uff921 due to a larger percentage of the volume in sawtimber size classes. These results indicate that commercial forestry is a viable alternative for reclamation of surface-mined lands and that stands growing on reclaimed mined land can respond well to intermediate stand treatments.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chad N. Casselman, James A. Burger, Thomas R. Fox,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.1.9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Northern%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/njaf/24.1.9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/njaf/24.1.9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/njaf/24.1.9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale", "description": "AbstractWidespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that \uffe2\uff88\uffbc19.12%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.Chemical exchange often serves as the first step in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions and exchanges of various signals, nutrients, and metabolites continue throughout the interaction. Here, we highlight the role of metabolite exchanges and metabolic crosstalk in the microbiome\uffe2\uff80\uff93root\uffe2\uff80\uff93shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff93environment nexus. Roots secret a diverse set of metabolites; this assortment of root exudates, including secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids, coumarins, flavonoids, indolic compounds, and terpenes, shapes the rhizosphere microbiome. In turn, the rhizosphere microbiome affects plant growth and defense. These inter-kingdom chemical interactions are based on a metabolic circular economy, a seemingly wasteless system in which rhizosphere members exchange (i.e. consume, reuse, and redesign) metabolites. This review also describes the recently discovered phenomenon \uffe2\uff80\uff9cSystemically Induced Root Exudation of Metabolites\uffe2\uff80\uff9d in which the rhizosphere microbiome governs plant metabolism by inducing systemic responses that shift the metabolic profiles of root exudates. Metabolic exchange in the rhizosphere is based on chemical gradients that form specific microhabitats for microbial colonization and we describe recently developed high-resolution methods to study chemical interactions in the rhizosphere. Finally, we propose an action plan to advance the metabolic circular economy in the rhizosphere for sustainable solutions to the cumulative degradation of soil health in agricultural lands.Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.Salinity stress constrains lateral root (LR) growth and severely affects plant growth. Auxin signaling regulates LR formation, but the molecular mechanism by which salinity affects root auxin signaling and whether salt induces other pathways that regulate LR development remains unknown. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the auxin-regulated transcription factor LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) is an essential player in LR development under control conditions. Here, we show that under high-salt conditions, an alternative pathway regulates LBD16 expression. Salt represses auxin signaling but, in parallel, activates ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 6 (ZAT6), a transcriptional activator of LBD16. ZAT6 activates LBD16 expression, thus contributing to downstream cell wall remodeling and promoting LR development under high-salt conditions. Our study thus shows that the integration of auxin-dependent repressive and salt-activated auxin-independent pathways converging on LBD16 modulates root branching under high-salt conditions.During nutrient scarcity, plants can adapt their developmental strategy to maximize their chance of survival. Such plasticity in development is underpinned by hormonal regulation, which mediates the relationship between environmental cues and developmental outputs. In legumes, endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) is a key adaptation for supplying the plant with nitrogen in the form of ammonium. Rhizobia are housed in lateral root-derived organs termed nodules that maintain an environment conducive to Nitrogenase in these bacteria. Several phytohormones are important for regulating the formation of nodules, with both positive and negative roles proposed for gibberellin (GA). In this study, we determine the cellular location and function of bioactive GA during nodule organogenesis using a genetically encoded second-generation GA biosensor, GIBBERELLIN PERCEPTION SENSOR 2 in Medicago truncatula. We find endogenous bioactive GA accumulates locally at the site of nodule primordia, increasing dramatically in the cortical cell layers, persisting through cell divisions, and maintaining accumulation in the mature nodule meristem. We show, through misexpression of GA-catabolic enzymes that suppress GA accumulation, that GA acts as a positive regulator of nodule growth and development. Furthermore, increasing or decreasing GA through perturbation of biosynthesis gene expression can increase or decrease the size of nodules, respectively. This is unique from lateral root formation, a developmental program that shares common organogenesis regulators. We link GA to a wider gene regulatory program by showing that nodule-identity genes induce and sustain GA accumulation necessary for proper nodule formation.Rhizobial infection of legume roots during development of nitrogen fixing root nodules occurs either intracellularly though plant derived infection threads traversing the epidermal and cortical cell layers to deliver the bacteria or intercellularly via bacterial entry between epidermal plant cells. Although, around 25% of all legume genera are postulated to be intercellularly infected, the pathways and mechanisms supporting this process has remained virtually unexplored due to lack of genetically amenable legumes that have this infection mode. In this study, we report that the model legume Lotus japonicus is infected intercellularly by Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 and demonstrate that the resources available in Lotus enable insight into the genetic requirements and the fine-tuning of the pathway governing intercellular infection. Inoculation of Lotus mutants shows that Ern1 and RinRK1 are dispensable for intercellular infection in contrast to intracellular infection. Other symbiotic genes, including Nfr5, SymRK, CCaMK, Epr3, Cyclops, Nin, Nsp1, Nsp2, Cbs and Vpy1 are equally important for both entry modes. Comparative RNAseq analysis of roots inoculated with IRBG74 revealed a distinctive transcriptome response compared to intracellular colonization. In particular, a number of cytokinin-related genes were differentially regulated. Corroborating this observation cyp735A and ipt4 cytokinin biosynthesis mutants were significantly affected in their nodulation with IRBG74 while lhk1 cytokinin receptor mutants did not form any nodules. These results indicate that a differential requirement for cytokinin signalling conditions intercellular rhizobial entry and highlight the distinct modalities of the inter- and intra-cellular infection mechanisms.
", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "580", "0301 basic medicine", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "0303 health sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1311", "571", "Regular Issue", "name=Genetics", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "Plant Roots", "03 medical and health sciences", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases", "Lotus", "name=Plant Science", "Root Nodules", " Plant", "Plant Proteins", "Rhizobium", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/plphys/article-pdf/185/3/1131/37166752/kiaa049.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaa049"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/plphys/kiaa049", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/plphys/kiaa049", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/plphys/kiaa049"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-20", "title": "Belowground Carbon Pools And Processes In Different Age Stands Of Douglas-Fir", "description": "Forest floor material and soil organic matter may act as both a source and a sink in global CO2 cycles. Thus, the ecosystem processes controlling these pools are central to understanding the transfers of carbon (C) between the atmosphere and terrestrial systems. To examine these ecosystem processes, the effect of stand age on temporal carbon source-sink relationships was examined in 20-year-old, 40-year-old and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Cascade Mountains of south-central Washington State. Belowground C and nitrogen (N) storage and soil respiration were measured. In addition, nylon mesh bags containing homogenized soils from each site were buried at the respective sites to quantify root ingrowth and potential C sequestration and loss. The sites supporting the 20- and 40-year-old stands had soil C stores reflecting the C contributions from logging residue, coarse woody debris and stumps left after harvest. Because the N-fixer red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) comprised 33% of the 40-year-old stand, this site had significantly greater concentrations and pools of N in the forest floor than sites without red alder. This N-rich site had consistently lower soil CO2 efflux rates during the growing season than the sites supporting the 20-year-old and old-growth stands. Estimated annual soil C efflux was 1367, 883 and 1194 g m-2 for the sites supporting the 20-, 40- and old-growth stands, respectively. These values are higher than previously reported values. Root ingrowth was significantly less in the 40-year-old stand than in the 20-year-old stand, and both young stands showed markedly less fine root growth than the old-growth stand. At the sites supporting the young stands, C and N were lost from the soil bags, whereas there was an increase in C and N in the soil bags at the site supporting the old-growth stand. The fine root growth and soil respiration data support the hypothesis that belowground C allocation decreases with increasing fertility. Quantification of the source-sink relationship of soil C at the three stands based on litterfall, relative root ingrowth and soil respiration measurements was compromised because of significant CO2 flux from decaying organic matter in the young stands.", "keywords": ["Washington", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Alnus", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Pseudotsuga", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jeffrey M. Klopatek", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.197"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.197", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.197", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.197"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/plcell/koae135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-01", "title": "Arabinosylation of cell wall extensin is required for the directional response to salinity in roots", "description": "AbstractSoil salinity is a major contributor to crop yield losses. To improve our understanding of root responses to salinity, we developed and exploited a real-time salt-induced tilting assay. This assay follows root growth upon both gravitropic and salt challenges, revealing that root bending upon tilting is modulated by Na+ ions, but not by osmotic stress. Next, we measured this salt-specific response in 345 natural Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions and discovered a genetic locus, encoding the cell wall-modifying enzyme EXTENSIN ARABINOSE DEFICIENT TRANSFERASE (ExAD) that is associated with root bending in the presence of NaCl (hereafter salt). Extensins are a class of structural cell wall glycoproteins known as hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins, which are posttranslationally modified by O-glycosylation, mostly involving Hyp-arabinosylation. We show that salt-induced ExAD-dependent Hyp-arabinosylation influences root bending responses and cell wall thickness. Roots of exad1 mutant seedlings, which lack Hyp-arabinosylation of extensin, displayed increased thickness of root epidermal cell walls and greater cell wall porosity. They also showed altered gravitropic root bending in salt conditions and a reduced salt-avoidance response. Our results suggest that extensin modification via Hyp-arabinosylation is a unique salt-specific cellular process required for the directional response of roots exposed to salinity.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in plant genomes. While some miRNA genes are deeply conserved, the majority appear to be species-specific, raising the question of how they emerge and integrate into cellular regulatory networks. To address this question, we first performed a detailed annotation of miRNA genes in the closely related Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata, then evaluated their phylogenetic conservation across 87 plant species. We then characterized the process by which newly emerged miRNA genes progressively acquire the properties of \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccanonical\uffe2\uff80\uff9d miRNA genes, in terms of size and stability of the hairpin precursor, loading of their cleavage products into Argonaute proteins, and potential to regulate downstream target genes. Analysis of nucleotide polymorphism distribution along the hairpin sequence (stem, mature miRNA, terminal loop) revealed that the selective constraints on recently emerged miRNA genes were initially weak, gradually increasing toward evolutionarily conserved miRNA genes. Our results illustrate the rapid birth-and-death of miRNA genes in plant genomes, and provide a detailed picture of the evolutionary progression toward canonical miRNAs by which a small fraction of de novo formed miRNA genes eventually integrate into \uffe2\uff80\uff9ccore\uffe2\uff80\uff9d biological processes.Increasing agricultural production, while decreasing its impact on the environment is a global challenge. Sustainable innovations, such as microbial applications, can play an important role in this light. However, risk averse farmers are often reluctant to adopt such innovations. In this study, we investigate (i) the relationship between risk attitude and farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 intention to adopt microbial applications and (ii) the effectiveness of an informational video to stimulate the adoption. In July 2020, 98 Dutch arable farmers have participated in an online survey with an experiment. In the experiment, half of the farmers have watched an informational video on microbial applications, while the other half was a clean control without receiving information. Then, all farmers are assigned a monetarily incentivised standard Multiple Price List (MPL) and a payoff-varying MPL lottery game to assess the relationship between innovation adoption and risk attitudes. We find evidence that the video has a significant effect on farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 intention to adopt microbial applications. Further, our results suggest that the intention to use microbial applications can be influenced by farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 risk attitude.The accumulation and relative distribution of standing biomass to different aboveground tree components was investigated in 46\uffe2\uff80\uff9353-year-old naturally regenerated shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands growing in the Ouachita Mountains of southeastern Oklahoma that were thinned to different levels 16 years previously. The thinning levels were 50% full stocking, 70% full stocking, and a 140% full stocking unthinned control. After 16 years, the unthinned controls had more total aboveground biomass, bole wood, bark, and foliage standing biomass per hectare but had less branch standing biomass than the more heavily thinned stands. Foliage biomass as a proportion of total stand biomass was similar among the three treatment levels. Bark biomass proportion was significantly less in thinned to 50% treatment compared with the other treatments. Bole wood biomass proportion in thinned to 50% treatment was significantly less than in the control. The proportion in branches was significantly greater in the thinned treatments compared with the proportion in the unthinned control. These results suggest that thinning increases biomass distribution to branches at the expense of stems, after 16 years of postthinning stand growth.
", "keywords": ["15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Charles O. Sabatia, Rodney E. Will, Thomas B. Lynch,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/33.4.188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Southern%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Forestry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/sjaf/33.4.188", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/sjaf/33.4.188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/sjaf/33.4.188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=8300&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=8300&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=8250", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=C&offset=8350", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 28359, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T22:29:32.925486Z"}