Over the past decades, advances in data collection and machine learning have paved the way for the development of autonomous simulation frameworks. Among these, many are capable not only of assimilating real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time data to correct their predictive shortcomings but also of improving their future performance through self\uffe2\uff80\uff90optimization. In hydrogeology, such techniques harbor great potential for informing sustainable management practices. Simulating the intricacies of groundwater flow requires an adequate representation of unknown, often highly heterogeneous geology. Unfortunately, it is difficult to reconcile the structural complexity demanded by realistic geology with the simplifying assumptions introduced in many calibration methods. The particle filter framework would provide the necessary versatility to retain such complex information but suffers from the curse of dimensionality, a fundamental limitation discouraging its use in systems with many unknowns. Due to the prevalence of such systems in hydrogeology, the particle filter has received little attention in groundwater modeling so far. In this study, we explore the combined use of dimension\uffe2\uff80\uff90reducing techniques and artificial parameter dynamics to enable a particle filter framework for a groundwater model. Exploiting freedom in the design of the dimension\uffe2\uff80\uff90reduction approach, we ensure consistency with a predefined geological pattern. The performance of the resulting optimizer is demonstrated in a synthetic test case for three such geological configurations and compared to two Ensemble Kalman Filter setups. Favorable results even for deliberately misspecified settings make us hopeful that nested particle filters may constitute a useful tool for geologically consistent real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time parameter optimization.Ruthenium complexes are attracting interest in cancer treatment due to their potent cytotoxic activity. However, as their high toxicity may also affect healthy tissues, efficient and selective drug delivery systems to tumour tissues are needed. Our study focuses on the construction of such drug delivery systems for the delivery of cytotoxic Ru(II) complexes upon exposure to a weakly acidic environment of tumours. As nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are utilized, whose surface is functionalized with two types of ligands, (2-thienylmethyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (H1) and (5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazine (H2), which were attached to MSN through a pH-responsive hydrazone linkage. Further coordination to ruthenium(II) center yielded two types of nanomaterials MSN-H1[Ru] and MSN-H2[Ru]. Spectrophotometric measurements of the drug release kinetics at different pH (5.0, 6.0 and 7.4) confirm the enhanced release of Ru(II) complexes at lower pH values, which is further supported by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effect of the released metallotherapeutics is evaluated in vitro on metastatic B16F1 melanoma cells and enhanced cancer cell-killing efficacy is demonstrated upon exposure of the nanomaterials to weakly acidic conditions. The obtained results showcase the promising capabilities of the designed MSN nanocarriers for the pH-responsive delivery of metallotherapeutics and targeted treatment of cancer.
", "keywords": ["Ruthenium-based anti-cancer drugs", "ruthenium-based anticancer drugs", "PH-responsive drug delivery", "Mesoporous silica nanoparticles", "pH-responsive drug delivery", "02 engineering and technology", "controlled drug delivery", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "cancer treatment", "ddc:", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences", "RS1-441", "Pharmacy and materia medica", "Cancer treatment", "mesoporous silica nanoparticles", "0210 nano-technology", "Controlled drug delivery"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/460/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/460/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4655380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pharmaceutics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4655380", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4655380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4655380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:25:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-20", "description": "Litter decomposition is an important component of nutrient cycling and carbon decomposition in grassland ecosystems,and livestock grazing has been a major human intervention to these process.The effects of grazing on litter decomposition vary with climate environment conditions and grassland vegetation types.Alpine mesophytic meadow and alpine semi-hydric marsh meadow are the two rangeland ecosystems commonly seen on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which differentiate themselves by not only the physic/bio environments but also the plant species composition and therefore the litter qualities.In order to understand grazing effects on the litter decomposition of these two meadows,grazed and fenced plots were set respectively on the both meadows.The rates of decomposition and nutrient release were measured for the three littler samples(mesophytic meadow mixed litter,Deschampsia caespitos litter,and Potentilla anserine litter) in the alpine mesophytic meadow plots,and three litter samples(semi-hydric marsh mixed litter,Carex muliensis litter\u3001Kobresia tibetica litter) in the semi-hyddric marsh meadow plots.The four species generally also represented the dominant species showing respectively in the reverse succession series driven by grazing and climate warming.It was found that there were significant differences in litter decompositions for the dominant species.In alpine mesophytic meadow,Potentilla anserine decomposed faster than Deschampsia caespitos,while in alpine semi-hydric meadowKobresia tibetica decomposed more quickly.Grazing accelerated the litter decomposition in general,but the responses varied with the species.On the other hand,Deschamp siacaespitos and Carex muliensis have lower decomposition rates in the grazed plots.Grazing has little effect on organic carbon decomposition and the release of C,but positively affected on the release of N and P from the litters.The patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient release of the dominant species suggested that there might exist a positive feedback effect in the alpine marsh meadow degradation due to the accelerating decomposition rate and C release along the reverse succession series.In addition,Potentilla anserine,a typical dominant species of in degraded meadow,was found to have higher litter quality and faster decomposition rate than the other species,reflecting that in the mesophytic community,the plant adopted 'evasion strategy' rather than 'resistance strategy' in response to heavy grazing.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u738b\u5fd7\u8fdc Wang Zhiyuan, \u5b59\u5e9a Sun Geng, \u5434\u5b81 Wu Ning, \u7f57\u5149\u8363 Luo Guangrong, \u5f20\u8273\u535a Zhang Yanbo, \u7f57\u9e4f Luo Peng, \u725f\u6210\u9999 Mou Chengxiang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201105220671"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201105220671", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201105220671"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11572/255256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-23", "title": "Elastica catastrophe machine: theory, design and experiments", "description": "Open Access31 pages, 18 figures", "keywords": ["Nonlinear mechanics; Snap mechanisms; Structural instability", "0203 mechanical engineering", "FOS: Physical sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)", "Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/255256/1/1-s2.0-S002250961930523X-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11572/255256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Mechanics%20and%20Physics%20of%20Solids", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11572/255256", "name": "item", "description": "11572/255256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11572/255256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11586/524923", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-03", "title": "Addressing the environmental sustainability of plastics used in agriculture: a multi-actor perspective", "description": "AbstractPlastics used in agriculture, commonly known as agriplastics (AP), offer numerous advantages in terrestrial agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, but the diffusion of AP-intensive practices has led to extensive pollution. This review aims to synthesise scientific and policy discussions surrounding AP, examining evidence of their benefits and detrimental environmental and agricultural impacts. Following the proposal of a preliminary general taxonomy of AP, this paper presents the findings from a survey conducted among international experts from the plastic industry, farmer organisations, NGOs and environmental research institutes. This analysis highlights knowledge gaps, demands and perspectives for the sustainable future use of AP. Stakeholder positions vary on the options of \uffe2\uff80\uff98rejection\uffe2\uff80\uff99 or \uffe2\uff80\uff98reduction\uffe2\uff80\uff99 of AP, as well as the role of alternative materials such as (bio)degradable and compostable plastics. However, there is consensus on critical issues such as redesign, labelling, traceability, environmental safety standards, deployment and retrieval standards, as well as innovative waste management approaches. All stakeholders express concern for the environment. A \uffe2\uff80\uff98best practice\uffe2\uff80\uff99-based circular model was elaborated capturing these perspectives. In the context of global food systems increasingly reliant on AP, scientists emphasise the need to simultaneously preserve nature-based and traditional knowledge-based sustainable agricultural practices to enhance food system resilience.\u00a050\u00a0\u03bcm, the first method showed a higher MP abundance, namely 418-2571 MP m-3 with MP mass estimates of 703-1900\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, while the second method yielded 16.7-72.1 MP m-3 with mass estimates of 222-439\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3. Looking deeper into the steps of the methods showed that the MP isolation procedure contributed slightly to the difference in the result. However, the variability between individual samples was larger than the difference caused by the methods. Somewhat sample-dependent, the use of two different substrates (zinc selenide windows versus Anodisc filters) caused a substantial difference between results. This was due to a higher tendency for particles to agglomerate on the Anodisc filters, and an 'IR-halo' around particles on ZnSe windows when scanning with \u03bcFTIR. Finally, the \u03bcFTIR settings and nominal resolution caused significant differences in identifying MP size and mass estimate, which showed that the smaller the pixel size, the more accurately the particle boundary can be defined. These findings contributed to explaining disagreements between studies and addressed the importance of harmonization of methods.", "keywords": ["Methodological approaches", "Microplastic isolation", "Comparisons", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "FTIR analysis", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/37619728"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "37619728", "name": "item", "description": "37619728", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/37619728"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.2656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-06", "title": "Feasibility of using phytoremediation biomass for sustainable biofuel production via thermochemical conversion", "description": "Abstract
This study explores a novel approach that combines soil recovery with biofuel production, presenting a strategy that addresses the increasing demand for biofuels while sidestepping the food\uffe2\uff80\uff93fuel debate. It also introduces an innovative method for recovering heavy metals from soils through their translocation into the solid product of the conversion process. Phytoremediation trials were conducted under real field conditions, and the thermochemical conversion of the harvested biomass was carried out at lab scale. Field trials took place in 2021\uffe2\uff80\uff932023 in Lithuania and Serbia. In Serbia, the contamination primarily involved heavy metals, whereas the Lithuanian site was predominantly contaminated with hydrocarbons from petroleum products. The harvested biomass underwent pretreatment and was then used as feedstock for conversion into high\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy carriers. The conversion products were evaluated for their potential to substitute fossil fuels. Finally, the value chain, encompassing key stakeholders and factors impacting the profitability of this approach, was established, and initial estimates were made regarding the size of individual cost components.Despite the global significance of the subsurface biosphere, the degree to which it depends on surface organic carbon (OC) is still poorly understood. Here, we compare stable and radiogenic carbon isotope compositions of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) with those of in situ potential microbial C sources to assess the major C sources for subsurface microorganisms in biogeochemical distinct shallow aquifers (Critical Zone Exploratory, Thuringia Germany). Despite the presence of younger OC, the microbes assimilated 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free OC to varying degrees; ~31% in groundwater within the oxic zone, ~47% in an iron reduction zone, and ~70% in a sulfate reduction/anammox zone. The persistence of trace amounts of mature and partially biodegraded hydrocarbons suggested that autochthonous petroleum\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived hydrocarbons were a potential 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free C source for heterotrophs in the oxic zone. In this zone, \uffce\uff9414C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (\uffe2\uff88\uff92366\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa018\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) and 11MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92283\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa032\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), an important component in autotrophic nitrite oxidizers, were similar enough to indicate that autotrophy is an important additional C fixation pathway. In anoxic zones, methane as an important C source was unlikely since the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90fractionations between the PLFAs and CH4 were inconsistent with kinetic isotope effects associated with methanotrophy. In the sulfate reduction/anammox zone, the strong 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90depletion of 10MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92942\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa022\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), a PLFA common in sulfate reducers, indicated that those bacteria were likely to play a critical part in 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free sedimentary OC cycling. Results indicated that the 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90content of microbial biomass in shallow sedimentary aquifers results from complex interactions between abundance and bioavailability of naturally occurring OC, hydrogeology, and specific microbial metabolisms.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "assimilation", "Environmental Engineering", "Environmental engineering", "Geology", "subsurface", "15. Life on land", "Civil Engineering", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "C cycling", "Earth Sciences", "radiocarbon", "PLFA", "microbial function", "Civil engineering", "Hydrology", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2017WR022067"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt28c3v5mf/qt28c3v5mf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2017wr022067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2017wr022067", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2017wr022067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2017wr022067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-18", "title": "Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil", "description": "Plastic debris is accumulating in agricultural land due to the increased use of plastic mulches, which is causing serious environmental problems, especially for biochemical and physical properties of the soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a central role in driving soil biogeochemistry, but little information is available on the effects of plastic residues, especially microplastic, on soil DOM. We conducted a soil-incubation experiment in a climate-controlled chamber with three levels of microplastic added to loess soil collected from the Loess Plateau in China: 0% (control, CK), 7% (M1) and 28% (M2) (w/w). We analysed the soil contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NH4+, NO3-, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), and PO43- and the activities of fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDAse) and phenol oxidase. The higher level of microplastic addition significantly increased the nutrient contents of the DOM solution. The lower level of addition had no significant effect on the DOM solution during the first seven days, but the rate of DOM decomposition decreased in M1 between days 7 and 30, which increased the nutrient contents. The microplastic facilitated the accumulation of high-molecular-weight humic-like material between days 7 and 30. The DOM solutions were mainly comprised of high-molecular-weight humic-like material in CK and M1 and of high-molecular-weight humic-like material and tyrosine-like material in M2. The Microplastic stimulated the activities of both enzymes. Microplastic addition thus stimulated enzymatic activity, activated pools of organic C, N, and P, and was beneficial for the accumulation of dissolved organic C, N and P.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Microplastic", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Excitation-emission matrix (EEM)", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)", "Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP)", "Models", " Chemical", "13. Climate action", "Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)", "Organic Chemicals", "Plastics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-30", "title": "The Earthworm Species Metaphire Posthuma Modulates The Effect Of Organic Amendments (Compost Vs. Vermicompost From Buffalo Manure) On Soil Microbial Properties. A Laboratory Experiment", "description": "The aim of this study was to determine the influence of compost and vermicompost produced from buffalo manure on soil bacterial diversity and activity in the presence and absence of the endogeic earthworm Metaphire posthuma. This experiment was carried out for 15 months with a maize- tomato emaize cycle under greenhouse conditions in Northern Vietnam. It showed a positive influence of compost and vermicompost on soil microbial properties, with higher cultivable bacteria, higher bacterial and catabolic diversity (Shannon diversity 'H' and Richness 'S') indices and higher enzymatic activities than control soils which only received mineral fertilizers. Differences also occurred between compost and vermicompost with lower activity and diversity in the soil amended with vermicompost, probably because of its higher molecular stability. The presence of M. posthuma led to divergent dynamics of bacterial community in soils amended with compost and vermicompost. Earthworms negatively influenced soil microbial properties in composted soil (lower Average Well Color Development 'AWCD'), probably because of competition between bacteria and earthworms for organic resources and/or because of the consumption of microbes by earthworms. Conversely, the presence of earthworms increased bacterial diversity and activity with higher AWCD, and H and S indices for the vermicompost treatment, probably as a result of a stimulation of microorganisms that allow the degradation of stable organic matter and its further consumption by earthworms. In conclusion, this study clearly confirmed the different impacts of compost and vermicompost on bacterial activity and diversity and highlighted the importance considering the interaction of these organic substrates with local endogeic earthworms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL", "Enzymatic activities", "SOL CULTIVE", "MATIERE ORGANIQUE", "Metaphire posthuma", "Organic fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE", "13. Climate action", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biolog analysis", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "DGGE", "Tropical soil", "LOMBRIC", "COMPOST"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2013.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c9ew00220k", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-29", "title": "Long-term performance evaluation of an anoxic sulfur oxidizing moving bed biofilm reactor under nitrate limited conditions", "description": "An anoxic sulfur-oxidizing moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating sulfur and nitrate-contaminated synthetic wastewater was monitored for 306 days under feed nitrogen-to-sulfur (N/S) molar ratios of 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1.
", "keywords": ["Aurora Universities Network", "570", "Horizon 2020", "EC", "Environmental Engineering", "218 Environmental engineering", "116 Chemical sciences", "H2020", "116", "6. Clean water", "218", "European Joint Doctorates", "11. Sustainability", "European Commission", "Knowmad Institut", "Netherlands", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/EW/C9EW00220K"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00220k"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Water%20Research%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c9ew00220k", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c9ew00220k", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c9ew00220k"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-16", "title": "Heterogeneous kinetics of timber charring at the microscale", "description": "Abstract Timber is becoming a popular construction material even for high-rise buildings despite its poorly understood fire behaviour. In a fire, timber\u2014a natural polymer\u2014degrades in the thermochemical process of charring, causing it to lose structural strength. In spite of significant research on the physics of charring, the chemical kinetics\u2014reactions and kinetic parameters for pyrolysis and oxidation\u2014remains a scientific challenge to model accurately. Current kinetic models are either computationally too expensive or neglect key chemical pathways. Here we derive a new appropriate kinetic model for fire science at the microscale using a novel methodology. First, we built a kinetic model for each component of timber (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from literature studies and experiments of the components. Then, we combined these three models into one kinetic model (8 reactions, 8 chemical species) for timber. This approach accounts for chemical differences among timber species. However, the timber model is only able to reproduce the trend in the experiments when literature parameters are used. Using multi-objective inverse modelling, we extract a new set of optimised kinetic parameters from 16 high-quality experiments from the literature. The novel optimised kinetic model is able to reproduce these 16 and a further 64 (blind predictions) experiments nearly within the experimental uncertainty, spanning different heating rates (1\u201360\u2009K/min), oxygen concentrations (0\u201360 %), and even isothermal experiments (220\u2013300\u2009\u00b0C). Furthermore, the model outperforms current kinetic models for fire science in accuracy across a wide range of conditions without an increase in complexity. Incorporated into a model of heat and mass transfer, this new and optmised kinetic model could improve the understanding of timber burning and has the potenial to lead to safer designs of timber buildings.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS", "Charring", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Chemical", "Timber", "02 engineering and technology", "WOOD", "7. Clean energy", "0201 civil engineering", "REACTION-MECHANISMS", "COMBUSTION", "Engineering", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Biomass", "Science & Technology", "Energy", "Chemistry", " Analytical", "FAST BIOMASS PYROLYSIS", "CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS", "Analytical", "Fire", "THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION", "620", "MODEL", "Chemistry", "Kinetics", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "INTRINSIC KINETICS", "DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR", "0301 Analytical Chemistry", "Pyrolysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Analytical%20and%20Applied%20Pyrolysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.073", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-09", "title": "Associations Between Soil Bacterial Community Structure And Nutrient Cycling Functions In Long-Term Organic Farm Soils Following Cover Crop And Organic Fertilizer Amendment", "description": "Agricultural management practices can produce changes in soil microbial populations whose functions are crucial to crop production and may be detectable using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. To apply sequencing-derived bacterial community structure data to on-farm decision-making will require a better understanding of the complex associations between soil microbial community structure and soil function. Here 16S rRNA sequencing was used to profile soil bacterial communities following application of cover crops and organic fertilizer treatments in certified organic field cropping systems. Amendment treatments were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter rye (Secale cereale), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), beef manure, pelleted poultry manure, Sustane(\u00ae) 8-2-4, and a no-amendment control. Enzyme activities, net N mineralization, soil respiration, and soil physicochemical properties including nutrient levels, organic matter (OM) and pH were measured. Relationships between these functional and physicochemical parameters and soil bacterial community structure were assessed using multivariate methods including redundancy analysis, discriminant analysis, and Bayesian inference. Several cover crops and fertilizers affected soil functions including N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-glucosaminidase and \u03b2-glucosidase activity. Effects, however, were not consistent across locations and sampling timepoints. Correlations were observed among functional parameters and relative abundances of individual bacterial families and phyla. Bayesian analysis inferred no directional relationships between functional activities, bacterial families, and physicochemical parameters. Soil functional profiles were more strongly predicted by location than by treatment, and differences were largely explained by soil physicochemical parameters. Composition of soil bacterial communities was predictive of soil functional profiles. Differences in soil function were better explained using both soil physicochemical test values and bacterial community structure data than using soil tests alone. Pursuing a better understanding of bacterial community composition and how it is affected by farming practices is a promising avenue for increasing our ability to predict the impact of management practices on important soil functions.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Engineering", "Farms", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Pollution", "6. Clean water", "RNA", " Bacterial", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.073"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.073", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.073", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.073"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "ed8329b1e523ba4d73a5f091926d4f56", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:32:04Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 1: Methods and Diversity", "description": "The achievement of the general objectives of the Systems and Engineering OpenScience e-journalThermodynamics of interfaces and fluid mechanicsis partly concretized inthe series\u201cFluid Mechanics at Interfaces'.The first volume, subtitled \u2018Methods and Diversity\u2019,focuses moreon the sciences, with their various methods of analysis -depending on the scales of space, speed and time, from the microscopicor small scale (starting with molecular and nanoscopic scales characteristic of the matter)to the macroscopic (including meso and interstellar scales), as well as their laws (classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, relativistic mechanics). The chapters are, in order:Chapter 1(R. Prud'homme): As an introduction toFluid Mechanics at Interfaces, we examine questions raised by the modelingof interfaces in the presence of one or more fluid phases. The following themes are examined: scales of length and time, the definition of interfacial quantities, microscopic and macroscopic balance equations, constitutive laws. Chapter 2 (S. Gou\u00e9nard, S. Mimouni, S. Vincent) is titled: Large-scale simulation for two-phase, non-isothermal turbulence with a multi-field approach.The study presented here relates to the action of turbulence in these two-phase flows, consideringheat exchanges at the interfaces. A new model, using the large-eddy simulationmethod, is presented. Chapter 3 (M. -A. Chadil, S. Vincent, J.-L. Estivalezes) studies an original method for calculating the drag force and thermal transfers in flows around networks of spherical particles.This chapter also examines numerical approaches in a two-phase, fluid/solid medium through Particle-Resolved methods, i.e. the size of the particles is greater than that of the cells in the calculation mesh. Chapter 4 (R. Prud'homme) studies the relationships between interfaces and critical fluids. The neighborhood of the critical liquid-vapor point of pure bodies presents unique behaviors. In particular, the interface between the liquid and its vapor vanishes when passing the critical point. The piston effect replaces the conductive transfer of heat in the vicinity of the solid walls in 1D configurationChapter 5 (D. Beysens) examines shearing which causes Brownian motion anomalies in particles immersed in fluids undergoing strong fluctuations close to their critical point. Chapter 6 (R. Prud'homme) introduces basic concepts related to combustion interfaces. We also examine turbulent and laminar diffusion and premix gas flames. Thereis also the question of the combustion of solids such as thermites, plates with parallel flow and powder propellants.", "keywords": ["[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Prud'Homme, Roger, Vincent, St\u00e9phane,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/ed8329b1e523ba4d73a5f091926d4f56"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ed8329b1e523ba4d73a5f091926d4f56", "name": "item", "description": "ed8329b1e523ba4d73a5f091926d4f56", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ed8329b1e523ba4d73a5f091926d4f56"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:47Z", "created": "2011-02-08", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and time- independent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "BIOFUELS;ENERGY CROPS;PERENNIALS;LCA;GREENHOUSE GASES;CLIMATE CHANGE;POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS;BIOENERGY POTENTIAL;LAND-USE CHANGE;NITROUS OXIDE;CARBON DIOXIDE;AGRICULTURAL PRATICES \u00a0;AGRONOMIE;", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "biomasse", "pratique culturale", "\u00e9nergie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "oxyde nitreux", "gaz trace", "\u00e9mission", "Agricultural sciences", "flux", "culture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "cycle de vie", "biocarburant", "13. Climate action", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "impact sur l'environnement", "Sciences agricoles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10853-014-8308-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-22", "title": "Review: the characterization of electrospun nanofibrous liquid filtration membranes", "description": "Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are used in a variety of applications, including sensors, tissue engineering, air filtration, energy, and reinforcement in composite materials. Recently, they have gained an interest in the field of liquid filtration. The membranes, surface, bulk, and overall architecture play an important role in the filtration properties and hence the right characterization technique needs to be established, which will pave the way for future developments in the field of filtration. In this article, we have reviewed the recent advances in ENMs for liquid separation application.", "keywords": ["02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8308-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Materials%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10853-014-8308-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10853-014-8308-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10853-014-8308-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-19", "title": "A phenomenological model of soil evaporative efficiency using surface soil moisture and temperature data", "description": "Abstract Modeling soil evaporation has been a notorious challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon and the lack of data to constrain it. In this context, a parsimonious model is developed to estimate soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. It uses a soil resistance driven by surface (0\u20135\u202fcm) soil moisture, meteorological forcing and time (hour) of day, and has the capability to be calibrated using the radiometric surface temperature derived from remotely sensed thermal data. The new approach is tested over a rainfed semi-arid site, which had been under bare soil conditions during a 9-month period in 2016. Three calibration strategies are adopted based on SEE time series derived from (1) eddy-covariance measurements, (2) thermal measurements, and (3) eddy-covariance measurements used only over separate drying periods between significant rainfall events. The correlation coefficients (and slopes of the linear regression) between simulated and observed (eddy-covariance-derived) SEE are 0.85, 0.86 and 0.87 (and 0.91, 0.87 and 0.91) for calibration strategies 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the correlation coefficient (and slope of the linear regression) between simulated and observed SEE is improved from 0.80 to 0.85 (from 0.86 to 0.91) when including hour of day in the soil resistance. The reason is that, under non-energy-limited conditions, the receding evaporation front during daytime makes SEE decrease at the hourly time scale. The soil resistance formulation can be integrated into state-of-the-art dual-source surface models and has calibration capabilities across a range of spatial scales from spaceborne microwave and thermal data.", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil resistance", "02 engineering and technology", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "calibration", "surface temperature", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Surface temperature", "remote sensing", "Calibration", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "soil resistance", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "Soil evaporation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11468586", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:29:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Wafer\u2010Scale Functional Metasurfaces for Mid\u2010Infrared Photonics and Biosensing", "description": "AbstractMetasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Managing agricultural watersheds in an environmentally friendly manner necessitate the strategic implementation of well-targeted sustainable land management (SLM) practices that limit soil and nonpoint source pollution losses and translocation. Watershed-scale SLM-scenario modeling has the potential to identify efficient and effective management strategies from the field to the integrated landscape level. In a case study targeting a 66-hectare watershed in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to evaluate a variety of locally adoptable SLM practices. SWAT was calibrated and validated (monthly) at the catchment outlet for flow, sediment, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N), and mineralized phosphorus (PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P) using SWATplusR. Considering the locally existing agricultural practices and socioeconomic and environmental factors of the research area, four conservation practices were evaluated: baseline scenario, contour farming (CF), winter cover crops (CC), and a combination of no-till and cover crops (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC). The NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89CC SLM practice was found to be the most effective soil conservation practice in reducing soil loss by around 80%, whereas CF obtained the best results for decreasing the nutrient loads of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and PO4\uffe2\uff80\uff93P by 11% and 35%, respectively. The findings of this study imply that the setup SWAT model can serve the context-specific performance assessment and eventual promotion of SLM interventions that mitigate on-site land degradation and the consequential off-site environmental pollution resulting from agricultural nonpoint sources.Bioenergy expansion can significantly impact water resources in the region in which it occurs. Investment, policy, and resource management decisions related to bioenergy should therefore take this critical consideration into account. Water resource impacts can defy easy quantification because water consumption varies spatially and temporally, different water sources are not necessarily commensurable, and impact depends on the state of the resource base that is drawn upon. This perspective offers an assessment framework that operators and policy\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers can use in evaluating projects to avoid or mitigate detrimental effects. We adapt water footprint (WF) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to the bioenergy context, describing comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) approaches that account for blue and green water use as well as for pollution effects, varying sources, coproduct allocation, and spatial heterogeneity. Impact assessment requires that characterization (weighting) factors be derived so that consumption values can be summed and compared across resources and locations. We recommend that characterization draw on metrics of water stress, accounting for environmental flow requirements, climatic variability, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of water stress effects. Finally, we describe some location\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific impacts of concern that may not be revealed through common analytical approaches and may warrant closer consideration. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kevin Fingerman, Stuart Orr, Brian Richter, P. Vugteveen, G\u00f6ran Berndes,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/essoar.10505132.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-04", "title": "Non-Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent", "description": "AbstractThe sustainable management of groundwater demands a faithful characterization of the subsurface. This, in turn, requires information which is generally not readily available. To bridge the gap between data need and availability, numerical models are often used to synthesize plausible scenarios not only from direct information but also from additional, indirect data. Unfortunately, the resulting system characterizations will rarely be unique. This poses a challenge for practical parameter inference: computational limitations often force modelers to resort to methods based on questionable assumptions of Gaussianity, which do not reproduce important facets of ambiguity such as Pareto fronts or multimodality. In search of a remedy, an alternative could be found in Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD), a recent development in the field of statistics. This ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based method iteratively transforms a set of arbitrary particles into samples of a potentially non\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gaussian posterior, provided the latter is sufficiently smooth. A prerequisite for this method is knowledge of the Jacobian, which is usually exceptionally expensive to evaluate. To address this issue, we propose an ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, localized approximation of the Jacobian. We demonstrate the performance of the resulting algorithm in two cases: a simple, bimodal synthetic scenario, and a complex numerical model based on a real world, prealpine catchment. Promising results in both cases\uffe2\uff80\uff94even when the ensemble size is smaller than the number of parameters\uffe2\uff80\uff94suggest that SVGD can be a valuable addition to hydrogeological parameter inference.Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are essential for understanding the complex soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate processes, but there are practical and economic limits to the spatial and temporal extent over which measurements can be made. Therefore, N2O models have an important role to play. As models are comparatively cheap to run, they can be used to extrapolate field measurements to regional or national scales, to simulate emissions over long time periods, or to run scenarios to compare mitigation practices. Process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can also be used as an aid to understanding the underlying processes, as they can simulate feedbacks and interactions that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. However, when applying models, it is important to understand the conceptual process differences in models, how conceptual understanding changed over time in various models, and the model requirements and limitations to ensure that the model is well suited to the purpose of the investigation and the type of system being simulated. The aim of this paper is to give the reader a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level overview of some of the important issues that should be considered when modeling. This includes conceptual understanding of widely used models, common modeling techniques such as calibration and validation, assessing model fit, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment. We also review examples of N2O modeling for different purposes and describe three commonly used process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based N2O models (APSIM, DayCent, and DNDC).A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach is developed to represent the soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. The new model is tested across a bare soil database composed of more than 30 sites around the world, a clay fraction range of 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.56, a sand fraction range of 0.05\uffe2\uff80\uff930.92, and about 30,000 acquisition times. SEE is modeled using a soil resistance (rss) formulation based on surface soil moisture (\uffce\uffb8) and two resistance parameters and \uffce\uffb8efolding. The data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach aims to express both parameters as a function of observable data including meteorological forcing, cut\uffe2\uff80\uff90off soil moisture value at which SEE=0.5, and first derivative of SEE at , named . An analytical relationship between and is first built by running a soil energy balance model for two extreme conditions with rss\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890 and using meteorological forcing solely, and by approaching the middle point from the two (wet and dry) reference points. Two different methods are then investigated to estimate the pair either from the time series of SEE and \uffce\uffb8 observations for a given site, or using the soil texture information for all sites. The first method is based on an algorithm specifically designed to accomodate for strongly nonlinear relationships and potentially large random deviations of observed SEE from the mean observed . The second method parameterizes as a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear regression of clay and sand percentages, and sets to a constant mean value for all sites. The new model significantly outperformed the evaporation modules of ISBA (Interaction Sol\uffe2\uff80\uff90Biosph\uffc3\uffa8re\uffe2\uff80\uff90Atmosph\uffc3\uffa8re), H\uffe2\uff80\uff90TESSEL (Hydrology\uffe2\uff80\uff90Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchange over Land), and CLM (Community Land Model). It has potential for integration in various land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface schemes, and real calibration capabilities using combined thermal and microwave remote sensing data.The photoRAFT (RAFT=reversible addition\uffe2\uff80\uff90fragmentation radical transfer) polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) mediated by O\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90S\uffe2\uff80\uff90(1\uffe2\uff80\uff90methoxycarbonyl)ethyl dithiocarbonate using a household white LED as light source at room temperature is presented. PVDFs with molar masses up to ca. 8000\uffe2\uff80\uff85g\uffe2\uff80\uff89mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and low dispersities (1.11\uffe2\uff80\uff931.49) were obtained. Kinetic experiments revealed that the use of Ir(ppy)3 as photoredox catalyst lead to faster polymerization. A slowdown of the chain equilibration process was observed during the polymerization, attributed to the accumulation of the less reactivatable CF2\uffe2\uff88\uff92CH2\uffe2\uff88\uff92Xa terminated chains.Recent evidence has shown that relations between soil moisture and precipitation at spatial and temporal aspect are contrary to each other: afternoon precipitation tends to occur at times in which conditions are overall wet and heterogeneous in the morning, but preferentially over those patches that are relatively drier than the surroundings. This study expands the notion of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90precipitation spatial coupling by analyzing the preferred precipitation location over a range of different soil moisture patterns. Using global observations of precipitation and observationally constrained evaporative stress estimates, we confirm that relatively drier patches have more chances of receiving rain, but the preference is weakened under wetter soil conditions. During extremely wet times, wet patches have more chances of receiving rain. Moreover, the preference of precipitation to occur on drier soils is stronger when soil moisture conditions are heterogeneous. Such results indicate that the positive feedback mechanism becomes more positive as soil wetness increases and the negative feedback mechanism becomes more negative as soils become drier and more heterogeneous. The strength of these two feedback mechanisms jointly affects preferential precipitation location. Counterintuitively, analysis from 1\uffc2\uffa0day after\uffe2\uff80\uff90event soil moisture pattern shows that negative soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90precipitation coupling may in turn further heterogenize soil moisture patterns, because dry patch gets extremely wet with no or less rain in surrounding. Although results here do not necessarily imply a causal relationship, this work contributes to enhancing our understanding of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90precipitation spatial coupling and exposes the complex nuances of these land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere interactions.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JD026042"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016JD026042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016JD026042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016JD026042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-07", "title": "Global soil moisture bimodality in satellite observations and climate models", "description": "AbstractA new diagnostic metric based on soil moisture bimodality is developed in order to examine and compare soil moisture from satellite observations and Earth System Models. The methodology to derive this diagnostic is based on maximum likelihood estimator encoded into an iterative algorithm, which is applied to the soil moisture probability density function. This metric is applied to satellite data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System and global climate models data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Results show high soil moisture bimodality in transitional climate areas and high latitudes, potentially associated with land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere feedback processes. When comparing satellite versus climate models, a clear difference in their soil moisture bimodality is observed, with systematically higher values in the case of CMIP5 models. These differences appear related to areas where land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmospheric feedback may be overestimated in current climate models.
", "keywords": ["PREFERENTIAL STATES", "IMPACT", "MIXTURE", "SCHEME", "0207 environmental engineering", "NORMAL-DISTRIBUTIONS", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PART I", "satellite soil moisture", "climate models", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "LAND-SURFACE MODEL", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "CMIP5", "ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture", "bimodality", "SYSTEM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Investigation of rock fragmentation during rockfalls and rock avalanches via 3-D discrete element analyses", "description": "AbstractThis paper investigates the characteristics of dynamic rock fragmentation and its influence on the postfailure fragment trajectory. A series of numerical simulations by discrete element method (DEM) were performed for a simple rock block and slope geometry, where a particle agglomerate of prismatic shape is released along a sliding plane and subsequently collides onto a flat horizontal plane at a sharp kink point. The rock block is modeled as an assembly of bonded spherical particles with fragmentation arising from bond breakages. Bond strength and stiffness were calibrated against available experimental data. We analyzed how dynamic fragmentation occurs at impact, together with the generated fragment size distributions and consequently their runout for different slope topographies. It emerges that after impact, the vertical momentum of the granular system decreases sharply to nil, while the horizontal momentum increases suddenly and then decreases. The sudden boost of horizontal momentum can effectively facilitate the transport of fragments along the bottom floor. The rock fragmentation intensity is associated with the input energy and increases quickly with the slope angle. Gentle slopes normally lead to long spreading distance and large fragments, while steep slopes lead to high momentum boosts and impact forces, with efficient rock fragmentation and fine deposits. The fragment size decreases, while the fracture stress and fragment number both increase with the impact loading strain rate, supporting the experimental observations. The fragment size distributions can be well fitted by the Weibull's distribution function.
", "keywords": ["550", "DEM; dynamic fragmentation; loading rate; momentum boost; rock avalanche; runout;", "13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Fragmentation", " rockslide", " rockavalanche", " DEM", " numerical modeling", " runout", "551", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"href": "https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/fulltext.aspx?url=237479/388C5B83-7098-4BA3-A221-B7B1CEFCC63B.pdf&pub_id=237479"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Earth%20Surface", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016JF004060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016JF004060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JB015210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-12", "title": "Dynamic Fragmentation of Jointed Rock Blocks During Rockslide-Avalanches: Insights From Discrete Element Analyses", "description": "AbstractThe dynamic fragmentation of jointed rock blocks during rockslide avalanches has been investigated by discrete element method simulations for a multiple arrangement of a rock block sliding over a simple slope geometry. The rock blocks are released along an inclined sliding plane and subsequently collide onto a flat horizontal plane at a sharp kink point. The contact force chains generated by the impact appear initially at the bottom frontal corner of the rock block and then propagate radially upward to the top rear part of the block. The jointed rock blocks exhibit evident contact force concentration and discontinuity of force wave propagation near the joint, associating with high energy dissipation of granular dynamics. The corresponding force wave propagation velocity can be less than 200\uffc2\uffa0m/s, which is much smaller than that of an intact rock (1,316\uffc2\uffa0m/s). The concentration of contact forces at the bottom leads to high rock fragmentation intensity and momentum boosts, facilitating the spreading of many fine fragments to the distal ends. However, the upper rock block exhibits very low rock fragmentation intensity but high energy dissipation due to intensive friction and damping, resulting in the deposition of large fragments near the slope toe. The size and shape of large fragments are closely related to the orientation and distribution of the block joints. The cumulative fragment size distribution can be well fitted by the Weibull's distribution function, with very gentle and steep curvatures at the fine and coarse size ranges, respectively. The numerical results of fragment size distribution can match well some experimental and field observations.
", "keywords": ["discrete element method; dynamic fragmentation; force wave; fragment size distribution; jointed rock; rockslide avalanche;", "discrete element method; dynamic fragmentation; force wave; fragment size distribution; jointed rock; rockslide avalanche", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "530", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JB015210"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Solid%20Earth", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JB015210", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JB015210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JB015210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-28", "title": "Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling in a Set of Land Surface Models", "description": "AbstractThe land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.
", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.286", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-12", "title": "Impacts Of Co-Location, Co-Production, And Process Energy Source On Life Cycle Energy Use And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Lignocellulosic Ethanol", "description": "AbstractThe performance of lignocellulosic ethanol in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy use when substituting for gasoline depends on production technologies and system decisions, many of which have not been considered in life cycle studies. We investigate ethanol production from short rotation forestry feedstock via an uncatalyzed steam explosion pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process developed by Mascoma Canada, Inc., and examine a set of production system decisions (co\uffe2\uff80\uff90location, co\uffe2\uff80\uff90production, and process energy options) in terms of their influence on life cycle emissions and energy consumption. All production options are found to reduce emissions and petroleum use relative to gasoline on a well\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheel (WTW) basis; GHG reductions vary by production scenario. Land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use\uffe2\uff80\uff90change effects are not included due to a lack of applicable data on short rotation forestry feedstock. Ethanol production with wood pellet co\uffe2\uff80\uff90product, displacing coal in electricity generation, performs best amongst co\uffe2\uff80\uff90products in terms of GHG mitigation (\uffe2\uff88\uff92109% relative to gasoline, WTW basis). Maximizing pellet output, although requiring import of predominately fossil\uffe2\uff80\uff90based process energy, improves overall GHG\uffe2\uff80\uff90mitigation performance (\uffe2\uff88\uff92130% relative to gasoline, WTW). Similarly, lower ethanol yields result in greater GHG reductions because of increased co\uffe2\uff80\uff90product output. Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90locating ethanol production with facilities exporting excess steam and biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90based electricity (e.g. pulp mills) achieves the greatest GHG mitigation (\uffe2\uff88\uff92174% relative to gasoline, WTW) by maximizing pellet output and utilizing low\uffe2\uff80\uff90GHG process energy. By exploiting co\uffe2\uff80\uff90location opportunities and strategically selecting co\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, lignocellulosic ethanol can provide large emission reductions, particularly if based upon sustainably grown, high yield, low input feedstocks. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.286"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.286", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.286", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.286"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/adfm.201910259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-12", "title": "All\u2010Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces", "description": "AbstractLow\uffe2\uff80\uff90loss nanostructured dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for ultrathin optics and cutting\uffe2\uff80\uff90edge photonic applications, including beam shaping, focusing, and holography. However, the static nature of their constituent materials has traditionally limited them to fixed functionalities. Tunable all\uffe2\uff80\uff90dielectric infrared Huygens' metasurfaces consisting of multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90layer Ge disk meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90units with strategically incorporated non\uffe2\uff80\uff90volatile phase change material Ge3Sb2Te6 are introduced. Switching the phase\uffe2\uff80\uff90change material between its amorphous and crystalline structural state enables nearly full dynamic light phase control with high transmittance in the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90IR spectrum. The metasurface is realized experimentally, showing post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fabrication tuning of the light phase within a range of 81% of the full 2\uffcf\uff80 phase shift. Additionally, the versatility of the tunable Huygen's metasurfaces is demonstrated by optically programming the spatial light phase distribution of the metasurface with single meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90unit precision and retrieving high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution phase\uffe2\uff80\uff90encoded images using hyperspectral measurements. The programmable metasurface concept overcomes the static limitations of previous dielectric metasurfaces, paving the way for \uffe2\uff80\uff9cuniversal\uffe2\uff80\uff9d metasurfaces and highly efficient, ultracompact active optical elements like tunable lenses, dynamic holograms, and spatial light modulators.Integrating photoactive proteins with synthetic nanomaterials holds great promise in developing optoelectronic devices whereby light, captured by a antenna protein, is converted to a modulated electrical response. The protein\uffe2\uff80\uff93nanomaterial interface is critical to defining optoelectronic properties; successful integration of bionanohybrids requires control over protein attachment site and a detailed understanding of its impact on device performance. Here, the first single\uffe2\uff80\uff90walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90optoelectronic transistor enabled by the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific direct interfacing with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) via genetically encoded phenyl azide photochemistry is reported. The electrical behavior of individual semiconducting SWCNTs depends on the protein residue coupling site and provides the basis to design eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90friendly phototransistors and optoelectronic memory. Attachment at one GFP residue proximal to the chromophore produces a wavelength\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific phototransistor. The bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90transistor can be switched off in less than 38 s with responsivity up to 7 \uffc3\uff97 103 A W\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at 470\uffc2\uffa0nm. Attachment via a second residue distal to the chromophore generates optoelectronic memory that show rapid and reproducible conductivity switching with up to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold modulation that is restored on the application of a gate voltage. Therefore, photoactive proteins, especially GFP, can be realized as a key material for novel single\uffe2\uff80\uff90molecule electronic and photonic devices.Polarization is a fundamental property of electromagnetic waves that plays a key role in many physical phenomena and applications. Schemes to manipulate it are revisited with the emergence of metasurfaces, which have brought multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90functionalities straightforwardly. However, this has come at the expense of design complexity that relies strongly on field theory. Here, an ingenious strategy of modular design is proposed to construct subwavelength multifunctional polarization control devices. Chiral metasurfaces with different handedness are first proposed and regarded as modules. The versatile polarization controller can thus be obtained with the combination of different modules. These experiments demonstrate that the well\uffe2\uff80\uff90designed polarization controller possesses reconfigurable functionality, and various broadband polarization and amplitude regulation functions with high efficiency including arbitrary linear polarization rotation, asymmetric transmission effect, neutral\uffe2\uff80\uff90density\uffe2\uff80\uff90like filter, polarization beam splitter, etc., can be readily realized just by changing the cascaded modules. The physical mechanisms of the versatile polarization controller and chiral metasurface modules are both guaranteed by the Fabry\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffc3\uffa9rot\uffe2\uff80\uff90like resonances, which are theoretically verified via the transfer matrix method. It is envisioned that the modular concept will be of great benefit to designing compact multifunctional polarization controllers.The molecular alignment of platinum(II) octaethyl porphyrin (PtOEP) crystals evaporated on KBr (see atomic force microscopy image, Figure) can be readily changed from perpendicular to parallel by changing the substrate temperature. The field\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect mobility of transisitors prepared using epitaxially grown PtOEP films aligned perpendicularly to a substrate is 100 times higher than that of those of parallel alignment.Insights into the fascinating molecular world of biological processes are crucial for understanding diseases, developing diagnostics, and effective therapeutics. These processes are complex as they involve interactions between four major classes of biomolecules, i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which makes it important to be able to discriminate between all these different biomolecular species. In this work, a deep learning\uffe2\uff80\uff90augmented, chemically\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific nanoplasmonic technique that enables such a feat in a label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free manner to not disrupt native processes is presented. The method uses a highly sensitive multiresonant plasmonic metasurface in a microfluidic device, which enhances infrared absorption across a broadband mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90IR spectrum and in water, despite its strongly overlapping absorption bands. The real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time format of the optofluidic method enables the collection of a vast amount of spectrotemporal data, which allows the construction of a deep neural network to discriminate accurately between all major classes of biomolecules. The capabilities of the new method are demonstrated by monitoring of a multistep bioassay containing sucrose\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and nucleotides\uffe2\uff80\uff90loaded liposomes interacting with a small, lipid membrane\uffe2\uff80\uff90perforating peptide. It is envisioned that the presented technology will impact the fields of biology, bioanalytics, and pharmacology from fundamental research and disease diagnostics to drug development.Metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale and enabling on\uffe2\uff80\uff90demand optical functionalities for next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biosensing, imaging, and light\uffe2\uff80\uff90generating photonic devices. However, translating this technology to practical applications requires low\uffe2\uff80\uff90cost and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput fabrication methods. Due to the limited choice of materials with suitable optical properties, it is particularly challenging to produce metasurfaces for the technologically relevant mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectral range. These constraints are overcome by realizing functional metasurfaces on almost completely transparent free\uffe2\uff80\uff90standing metal\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxide membranes. A versatile nanofabrication process is developed and implemented for highly efficient dielectric and plasmonic mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared metasurfaces with wafer\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale and complementary metal\uffe2\uff80\uff93oxide\uffe2\uff80\uff93semiconductor (CMOS)\uffe2\uff80\uff90compatible manufacturing techniques. The advantages of this method are revealed by demonstrating highly uniform and functional metasurfaces, including high\uffe2\uff80\uff90Q structures enabling fine spectral selectivity, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90area metalenses\uffc2\uffa0with\uffc2\uffa0diffraction\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited focusing capabilities, and birefringent metasurfaces providing polarization control at record\uffe2\uff80\uff90high conversion efficiencies.\uffc2\uffa0 Aluminum plasmonic devices and their integration into microfluidics for real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time and label\uffe2\uff80\uff90free mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared biosensing of proteins and lipid vesicles are further demonstrated. The versatility of this approach and its compatibility with mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90production processes bring infrared metasurfaces markedly closer to commercial applications, such as thermal imaging, spectroscopy, and biosensing.Broadband topological metamaterials hold the key for designing the next generation of integrated photonic platforms and microwave devices given their protected back\uffe2\uff80\uff90scattering\uffe2\uff80\uff90free and unidirectional edge states, among other exotic properties. However, synthesizing such metamaterial has proven challenging. Here, a broadband bandgap (relative bandwidth of more than 43%) Valley\uffe2\uff80\uff90Hall topological metamaterial with deep subwavelength thickness is proposed. The present topological metamaterial is composed of three layers printed circuit boards whose total thickness is 1.524\uffc2\uffa0mm \uffe2\uff89\uff88 \uffce\uffbb/100. The topological phase transition is achieved by introducing an asymmetry parameter \uffce\uffb4r. Three mechanically reconfigurable edge states can be obtained by varying interlayer displacement. Their robust transmission is demonstrated through two kinds of waveguide domain walls with cavities and disorders. Exploiting the proposed topological metamaterial, a six\uffe2\uff80\uff90way power divider is constructed and measured as a proof\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90concept of the potential of the proposed technology for future electromagnetic devices.This paper investigates how different sustainability criteria restrict the supply of cropped biomass sources within the EU. There are already mandatory sustainability criteria formulated in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) at EU level for biomass feedstocks to be used for conversion into biofuels. For solid and gaseous biomass feedstock, however, there are only recommendations formulated by the European Commission (EC) to be adopted on a voluntary basis by the EU member states (MS). This paper specifically focuses on the potential supply of biomass from crops for all bioenergy sectors when applying stricter sustainability criteria. These criteria relate to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets, including indirect land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (iLUC) related GHG emissions, and the introduction of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90go areas, such as areas of high biodiversity value and high carbon stock. The results show that stricter criteria indeed reduce the cropping potential and change the crop mix significantly, as rotational arable crops for biofuels do no longer comply with the stricter mitigation criteria. This is because they usually compete with food and feed crops for higher quality land requiring a compensation for iLUC emissions. The stricter sustainability criteria can only be applied successfully if they are accompanied by a change in demand, in particular for lignocellulosic biomass for advanced biofuels and other bioenergy uses. Without stimulation of such pathways, it will be difficult to realize improved sustainability in the bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy sector. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
", "keywords": ["economic-analysis", "330", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "conservation", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.1396", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.1396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.1396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-25", "title": "Possibilities of Using Liquids from Slow Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in Acidification of Animal Slurry", "description": "Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are gaining increasing interest in the context of biomass valorization. However, these processes yield a liquid fraction with an acidic pH value challenging to productize. In this paper, the possibility of replacing concentrated acids in acidification of animal slurry with organic acids derived from thermochemical conversion of various biomasses was investigated. The acid composition of four pyrolysis and one HTC liquid fraction were characterized using capillary electrophoresis and their total acidity determined titrimetrically. The amount of each liquid needed to reduce the pH of pig and cattle slurries to 6.0 and 5.5 were recorded. The total acidity of pyrolysis liquids varied highly (850-2560 meq l-1) depending on the biomass. For HTC liquid the total acidity was low (220 meq l-1). The most concentrated liquid, which showed greatest potential for practical use, was derived from pyrolysis of willow wood. Its required application rate for decreasing the pH of the slurries from >7.5 to 6.0 was 20-50 l t-1. This study suggests that there is a possibility of using liquids from pyrolysis process for acidification of animal slurries. Producing more concentrated liquids, further concentration of these acidiferous streams and the effects of the liquid addition on the properties of slurry are worth further studying.", "keywords": ["ta412", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "kuivatislaus", "pyrolysis", "01 natural sciences", "hydrothermal carbonization", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "happamoituminen", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "ta116", "animal slurry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Waste%20and%20Biomass%20Valorization", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12649-017-9910-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-26", "title": "A Multiproduct Biorefinery Approach for the Production of Hydrogen, Methane and Volatile Fatty Acids from Agricultural Waste", "description": "AbstractA pilot scale biorefinery platform for the treatment of agro-waste and the production of hydrogen, methane and volatile fatty acids was studied in real environment. The system adopted was a two stage anaerobic process where hydrogen and volatile fatty acids were produced in the first phase (fermentation) and methane in the second one (digestion). The study demonstrated the possibility to produce a biogas composed by hydrogen and methane (10% and 55%, respectively) while recovering volatile fatty acids. The yield for acids production was equivalent to 0.13\uffc2\uffa0gVFA/gTVS (as COD) with acetate and butyrate as dominant observed species.
Graphic Abstra", "keywords": ["Horizon 2020", "Environmental Engineering", "Circular economy", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Polyhydroxyalkanoates", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bio-economy", "Bioresource recovery", "Euratom", "13. Climate action", "Volatile fatty acids", "European Union (EU)", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Agricultural waste", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Waste%20and%20Biomass%20Valorization", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12649-020-01023-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12665-018-7748-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-21", "title": "Effect of clay fraction and water content on rheological properties of sand\u2013clay mixtures", "description": "Debris flow mobility can be expressed through rheological properties including yield stress and viscosity. These rheological properties are major parameters to describe and predict behaviors of debris flow. In the present study, the effect of clay fraction and water content on the rheological properties of sand\u2013clay mixtures with coarse grain particles was investigated using a large vane rheometer. All soil mixtures showed non-Newtonian fluid behavior. When clay content was in the range of 5\u201330%, yield stress increased with an increase of clay fraction. Yield stress and plastic viscosity exponentially decreased with an increase in water content. Plastic viscosity became more sensitive to the change in clay fraction when water content increased. Empirical equations were proposed to estimate rheological properties of soil. The results indicated that yield stress and plastic viscosity are more sensitive to changes in water content than changes in clay fraction.", "keywords": ["0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7748-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Earth%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12665-018-7748-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12665-018-7748-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12665-018-7748-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Engineering&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Engineering&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Engineering&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Engineering&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2112, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-23T22:31:39.988262Z"}