Forests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of management and climate change on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90no harvesting on federal lands, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed.\uffc2\uffa0Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however,\uffc2\uffa0led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon dioxide mitigation", "Forest ecology -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range", "Forest biomass", "13. Climate action", "Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)", "Biomass energy", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Climatic change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-02T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-14", "title": "Nitrogen Cycling Following Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance In Lodgepole Pine Forests Of Greater Yellowstone", "description": "Widespread bark beetle outbreaks are currently affecting multiple conifer forest types throughout western North America, yet many ecosystem-level consequences of this disturbance are poorly understood. We quantified the effect of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak on nitrogen (N) cycling through litter, soil, and vegetation in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (WY, USA) across a 0\u201330 year chronosequence of time-since-beetle disturbance. Recent (1\u20134 years) bark beetle disturbance increased total litter depth and N concentration in needle litter relative to undisturbed stands, and soils in recently disturbed stands were cooler with greater rates of net N mineralization and nitrification than undisturbed sites. Thirty years after beetle outbreak, needle litter N concentration remained elevated; however total litter N concentration, total litter mass, and soil N pools and fluxes were not different from undisturbed stands. Canopy N pool size declined 58% in recent outbreaks, and remained 48% lower than undisturbed in 30-year old outbreaks. Foliar N concentrations in unattacked lodgepole pine trees and an understory sedge were positively correlated with net N mineralization in soils across the chronosequence. Bark beetle disturbance altered N cycling through the litter, soil, and vegetation of lodgepole pine forests, but changes in soil N cycling were less severe than those observed following stand replacing fire. Several lines of evidence suggest the potential for N leaching is low following bark beetle disturbance in lodgepole pine.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "Entomology", "Forest Management", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1128834", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-02T16:19:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Warming And Earlier Spring Increase Western Us Forest Wildfire Activity", "description": "Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in western United States wildfire has focused instead on the effects of 19th- and 20th-century land-use history. We compiled a comprehensive database of large wildfires in western United States forests since 1970 and compared it with hydroclimatic and land-surface data. Here, we show that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons. The greatest increases occurred in mid-elevation, Northern Rockies forests, where land-use histories have relatively little effect on fire risks and are strongly associated with increased spring and summer temperatures and an earlier spring snowmelt.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Forest Biology", "Wildfire", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "333", "United States", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1128834", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1128834", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1128834"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-02T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-30", "description": "We resampled one of the earliest replicated experimental sites used to investigate the impacts of native tropical tree species on soil properties, to examine longer term effects to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth. The mono\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominant stands, established in abandoned pasture in 1988 at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, contained six species, including one exotic, Pinus patula ssp. tecunumanii (Eguiluz & J.P. Perry) Styles, and five native species: Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Ktze (N2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing); Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemao; Virola koschnyi Warb.; Vochysia ferruginea Mart.; and Vochysia guatemalensis J.D. Smith. Soil organic carbon (SOC) differed significantly among species in the surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm) layer, ranging from 44.5 to 55.1 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921, compared with 46.6 and 50.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in abandoned pasture and mature forest, respectively. The change in surface SOC over 15 yr ranged from \uffe2\uff88\uff920.03 to 0.66 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The species differed in the quantity and chemical composition of their detrital production. Soil organic C was significantly correlated with fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root growth, but not with aboveground detrital inputs. Soil organic C increased with potential C mineralization on a grams of C basis, indicating that species influenced both the quality and quantity of SOC. Contrary to expectations, SOC declined with increasing fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root lignin concentrations, indicating that lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C did not dominate refractory SOC pools. We hypothesize that differences among species in the capacity to increase SOC stocks involved fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root traits that promoted soil microbial turnover and, thus, greater production of recalcitrant, microbial\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C fractions.
", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "580", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Organic Chemistry", "Natural Resources Management and Policy", "lignin", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest Biology", "tropical tree", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "fine-root growth"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0069", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2006.0069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2006.0069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-02T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-05", "description": "This study compares the amount, distribution, and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in six paired quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) and conifer plots at three locations in northern Utah, to assess the influence of vegetation cover and other biotic and abiotic drivers on SOC storage capacity in seasonally dry environments. Aspen soils accumulated significantly more SOC in the mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm) (92.2 \uffc2\uffb1 26.7 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 vs. 66.9 \uffc2\uffb1 18.6 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under conifers), and despite thicker O horizons under conifers that contained higher amounts of SOC (11.6 \uffc2\uffb1 8.8 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 under conifers vs. 1.65 \uffc2\uffb1 0.38 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in aspen), across all sites SOC storage was 25% higher under aspen. Shallow soil cores (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) did not indicate significant differences in SOC with vegetation type. The SOC under aspen was also more stable, indicated by well\uffe2\uff80\uff90developed mollic epipedon (A horizon 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9353\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm thick vs. 5.5\uffe2\uff80\uff9334 cm under conifers), slower turnover of surficial SOC deduced from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term laboratory incubations (67.7 \uffc2\uffb1 15.7 g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C per kg C for aspen vs. 130.9 \uffc2\uffb1 41.3 g CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C per kg C for conifer soils), and a greater preponderance of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC (55\uffc2\uffb113% in aspen vs. 41\uffc2\uffb113% in conifer). Aspen soils were generally wetter and we hypothesize that rapid litter turnover coupled with greater water supply may have caused greater downward redistribution and adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aspen soils.
", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Wood Science and Pulp", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest Biology", "Paper Technology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Entomology", "Forest Management", "Forest Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Woldesalassie, Mical, Miegroet, Helga Van, Gruselle, Marie C\u00c3\u00a9cile, Hambly, Nickoli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0364"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+Biology&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+Biology&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+Biology&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Forest+Biology&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-03T08:36:28.706467Z"}