Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.
", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:23:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Turfgrass pedogenesis under low maintenance: an experimental analysis with Festuca rubra subspecies at different fertilization levels", "description": "unspecifiedThatchMatThickeness.csv (Frc = Festuca rubra commutata, Frt = Festuca rubra trichophylla, Frr = Festuca rubra rubra) spec = subspecies var = variety rep = replicate number Nfert = N fertilization (kg N ha-1) thatch1 = thatch thickness at 18-5-2018 (cm) thatch2 = thatch thickness at 26-10-2018 (cm) thatch3 = thatch thickness at 17-5-2019 (cm) thatch4 =\u00a0 thatch thickness at 29-10-2019 (cm) thatch5 = thatch thickness at 10-6-2020 (cm) thatch6 = thatch tcicknesss at 16-6-2021 (cm) mat1 = mat thickness at 18-5-2018 (cm) mat2 = mat thickness at 26-10-2018 (cm) mat3 = mat thickness at 17-5-2019 (cm) mat4 =\u00a0 mat thickness at 29-10-2019 (cm) mat5 = mat thickness at 10-6-2020 (cm) mat6 = mat tcicknesss at 16-6-2021 (cm)", "keywords": ["Festuca rubra", "festuca rubra", "fertilization", "carbon", "soil layers", "pedogenesis", "turfgrass", "microbes", "Turfgrass", "nitrogen", "Carbon", "organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Evers, Maurice, De Caluwe, Hannie, Visser, Eric J.W., De Kroon, Hans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14252610"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14252610"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14936177", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:23:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Precision Liming Soil Datasets (LimeSoDa) Zenodo Repository", "description": "Overview Precision Liming Soil Datasets (LimeSoDa) is a collection of 31 datasets from a field- and farm-scale soil mapping context. These datasets are 'ready-to-use' for modeling purposes, as they include target soil properties and features in a tidy tabular format. Three target soil properties are present in every dataset: (1) soil organic matter (SOM) or soil organic carbon (SOC), (2) pH, and (3) clay content, while the features for modeling are dataset-specific. The primary goal of `LimeSoDa` is to enable more reliable benchmarking of machine learning methods in digital soil mapping and pedometrics. All the associated materials and data from LimeSoDa can be downloaded in this data repository. However, for a more in-depth analysis, we refer to the published paper 'LimeSoDa: A Dataset Collection for Benchmarking of Machine Learning Regressors in Digital Soil Mapping' by Schmidinger et al. (2025). You may also use our R\u00a0and Python package likewise called LimeSoDa. \u00a0 Citation Upon usage of datasets from LimeSoDa, please cite our associated paper: Schmidinger, J., Vogel, S., Barkov, V., Pham, A.-D., Gebbers, R., Tavakoli, H., Correa, J., Tavares, T.R., Filippi, P., Jones, E. J., Lukas, V., Boenecke, E., Ruehlmann, J., Schroeter, I., Kramer, E., Paetzold, S., Kodaira, M., Wadoux, A.M.J.-C., Bragazza, L., Metzger, K., Huang, J., Valente, D.S.M., Safanelli, J.L., Bottega, E.L., Dalmolin, R.S.D., Farkas, C., Steiger, A., Horst, T. Z., Ramirez-Lopez, L., Scholten, T., Stumpf, F., Rosso, P., Costa, M.M., Zandonadi, R.S., Wetterlind, J. & Atzmueller, M. (2025). LimeSoDa: A Dataset Collection for Benchmarking of Machine Learning Regressors in Digital Soil Mapping.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Soil Organic Carbon", "Pedometrics", "pH", "Soil Organic Matter", "Clay", "Remote sensing", "Digital Soil Mapping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14936177"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14936177", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14936177", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14936177"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:24:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic matter content (om) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin", "description": "UPDATE: WE FOUND A RENDERING ERROR IN MANY AREAS OF THE 5 CM MAP. WE HAVE RECREATED THE MAP AND INCLUDED IN A NEW VERSION OF THE REPOSITORY. Repository includes maps of organic matter content (% wt) as defined by United States soil survey program. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds. Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal. File Name Details: ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (_CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are >3000). Predictions are also evaluated with the U.S. soil survey laboratory database soil organic carbon (SOC) data. The SOC measurements were coverted to OM matter values using the common 1.724 conversion factor. The converted OM values are compared to predicted OM values using an accuracy plot (OM_SOC_plots.tif). Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence: property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension Example: om_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif Indicates soil organic matter content (om) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling. The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below). _95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value. _95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI. References Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "digital soil mapping", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "predictive soil mapping", "soil property mapping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nauman, Travis", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3591992", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3591992"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-03", "title": "Changes in soil organic carbon under eucalyptus plantations in brazil: a comparative analysis", "description": "ABSTRACTProper assessment of environmental quality or degradation requires knowledge of how terrestrial C pools respond to land use change. Forest plantations offer a considerable potential to sequester C in aboveground biomass. However, their impact on initial levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) varies from strong losses to gains, possibly affecting C balances in afforestation or reforestation initiatives. We compiled paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90plot studies on how SOC stocks under native vegetation change after planting fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth Eucalyptus species in Brazil, where these plantations are becoming increasingly important. SOC changes for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 and 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depths varied between \uffe2\uff88\uff9225 and 42\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, following a normal distribution centered near zero. After replacing native vegetation by Eucalyptus plantations, mean SOC changes were \uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb75 and 0\uffc2\uffb73\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 and 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depths, respectively. These are very low figures in comparison to C stocks usually sequestered in aboveground biomass and were statistically nonsignificant as demonstrated by a t\uffe2\uff80\uff90test at p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890\uffc2\uffb705. Similar low, nonsignificant SOC changes were estimated after data were stratified into first or second rotation cycles, soil texture and biome (savanna, rainforest or grassland). Although strong SOC losses or gains effectively occurred in some cases, their underpinning causes could not be generally identified in the present work and must be ascribed in a case basis, considering the full set of environmental and management conditions. We conclude that Eucalyptus spp. plantations in average have no net effect on SOC stocks in Brazil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Carbon stocks", "Tropical soils", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fast-growth tree plantations", "Land use change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-07", "title": "The effect of exogenous organic matter on the thermal properties of tilled soils in Poland and the Czech Republic", "description": "Organic matter improves soil fertility and water and thermal properties, but its content often decreases. This decrease may be mitigated by the addition of exogenous organic matter (EOM). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EOMs, including compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag); industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra); animal meal from animal by-products (Mb); and digestate from a biogas fry factory (Dg) on soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density in the top (0\u201315-cm) layer of two soils in Poland and the Czech Republic. Irrespective of EOM type, the total yearly nitrogen application rate being 200\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 (100%) was from a given EOM at the rates 0, 50, 75, and 100% and the remaining parts from the mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2013\u20132014 in Poland (Braszowice) and the Czech Republic (Puste Jakartice) on loam silt and clay silt loam, respectively, as part of a cross-border cooperation project. The soil properties were examined using classical descriptive statistics, semivariograms, and kriging-interpolated maps. Analysis of linear regressions (trends) showed that the EOM application rate influenced (positively or negatively) the soil properties in most measurement occasions. The variability of all soil properties was low and medium (coefficient of variation 7.3\u201334%). Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial dependence (C0/(C0\u2009+\u2009Cs)) of the soil properties on the EOM-amended plots was very strong or moderate. The maps revealed that the heterogeneity and degree of patch fragmentation were greater for thermal conductivity and heat capacity than for thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density. In general, all the soil properties were spatially more variable in the Braszowice than Puste Jakartice soil and in spring than autumn in both sites. The spatial analysis and maps enhance the comprehensive understanding of changes in soil thermal properties in response to EOM application. Suitability of the results from the field experiments in models predicting some thermal properties based on soil bulk density and water content in relation to EOM addition was indicated. Expressing the amount of EOMs added using the organic carbon content basis (% kg OC/kg of soil) instead of the nitrogen content basis allowed identifying areas on the kriging-interpolated maps where the distribution of soil thermal properties resembled that of soil organic carbon content, water content, and bulk density. Thus, the effect of EOMs on soil thermal properties is considered along with changes in soil water content and bulk density. The results will be helpful in forecasting effects of exogenous organic matter on the soil thermal properties affecting surface-energy partitioning, temperature distribution in soil, and plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "recycled organic matter", "soil thermal properties", "13. Climate action", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "semivariograms", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bogus\u0142aw Usowicz, Jerzy Lipiec,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.f542t16", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:10Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Grazing and resource availability control soil nematode body size and abundance-mass relationship in semi-arid grassland", "description": "unspecified1. Body size is a central functional trait in ecological communities. Despite recognition of the importance of above-belowground interactions, effects of aboveground herbivores on size and abundance-size relationships in soil fauna are almost uncharted. Depending on climate and soil properties, herbivores may increase basal resources of soil food webs, or reduce pore space, mechanisms expected to have contrasting effects on soil animal body size. 2. We investigated how body size and shape of soil nematodes responded to mammalian grazers in three semi-arid grassland sites, along a gradient of soil texture and organic matter (OM) in a long-term herbivore removal study. We analysed nematode mass, length, diameter, body size distribution, and biomass distribution. We formulated two mechanistic hypotheses to assess whether resource availability or pore space was the dominant abiotic control and modulated the effects of grazing. 3. In ungrazed soils, average and maximum nematode size, as well as abundance and biomass of large nematodes, were greater in the high-OM than in the low-OM soil, and intermediate in the medium-OM soil. Grazing promoted larger sizes in the low-OM soil, where it had been shown to increase organic matter and microbial biomass, and led to more homogeneous average size and body size distribution across sites. The results support the hypothesis that nematode size was controlled by basal resource availability rather than by pore space. However, body shape might have been constrained by small pores in the fine-texture, high-OM soil, where nematodes were more elongated. 4. Grazing may facilitate larger sizes in soil nematode communities by boosting basal resources where these are limiting, with important implications for estimations of nematode biomass and contribution to carbon and nutrient cycling. These findings contribute to the insofar-limited mechanistic understanding of how herbivores can shape functional traits of soil fauna, and demonstrate that animals at one trophic level may control patterns in body size and abundance-size relationships in other trophic levels without a direct predator-prey or competitive linkage between them.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Individual size distribution", "Soil texture", "Aboveground-belowground interactions", "15. Life on land", "Mammalian herbivores", "organic matter", "Soil fauna"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andriuzzi, Walter S., Wall, Diana H.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.f542t16"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.f542t16", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.f542t16", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.f542t16"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-10", "title": "Organic Residue Mass At Planting Is An Excellent Predictor Of Tree Growth In Eucalyptus Plantations Established On A Sandy Tropical Soil", "description": "Abstract Tropical plantation forests are meeting an increasing proportion of global wood demand and comprehensive studies assessing the impact of silvicultural practices on tree and soil functioning are required to achieve sustainable yields. The objectives of our study were: (1) to quantify the effects of contrasting organic residue (OR) retention methods on tree growth and soil nutrient pools over a full Eucalyptus rotation and (2) to assess the potential of soil analyses to predict yields of fast-growing plantations established on tropical sandy soils. An experiment was set up in the Congo at the harvesting of the first rotation after afforestation of a native herbaceous savanna. Six treatments were set up in 0.26\u00a0ha plots and replicated in 4 blocks, with OR mass at planting ranging from 0 to 46.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . Tree growth over the whole rotation was highly dependent on OR management at planting. Over-bark trunk volume 7 years after planting ranged from 96\u00a0m 3 \u00a0ha \u22121 in the treatment with forest floor and harvest residue removal at planting to 164\u00a0m 3 \u00a0ha \u22121 in the treatment with the largest amount of OR. A comparison of nutrient stocks within the ecosystem at planting and at the end of the rotation suggested that nutrient contents in OR were largely involved in the different response observed between treatments. OR management treatments did not significantly modify most of the nutrient concentrations in the upper layers of the mineral soil. Conventional soil analyses performed before planting and at ages 1 and 3 years were unable to detect differences between treatments despite large differences in tree growth. In contrast, linear regressions between stand aboveground biomass at harvesting and OR mass at planting (independent variable) showed that OR mass was an excellent predictor of stand yield ( R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.99). A large share of soil fertility comes from organic material above the mineral soil in highly weathered sandy soils and OR mass at planting might be used in conjunction with soil analyses to assess the potential of these soils to support forest plantations.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "rendement des cultures", "Slash", "F62 - Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale - Croissance et d\u00e9veloppement", "for\u00eat tropicale", "01 natural sciences", "630", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904", "sol tropical", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16118", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5387", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "substance nutritive", "r\u00e9sidu de r\u00e9colte", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "15. Life on land", "croissance", "Carbon", "sol sableux", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "Residue", "Fertility", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "Indicator", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "mati\u00e8re organique", "Organic matter", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5274", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6781", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "Nutrient", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration. In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-10", "title": "Fifteen Years Of No Till Increase Soil Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass And Arthropod Diversity In Cover Crop-Based Arable Cropping Systems", "description": "The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil may be modified by tillage, fertilization and cover crops. However there is little knowledge on long-term effects on soil properties, notably under Mediterranean climate. Moreover, biological indicators such as micro-arthropods can be used for a cost-effective analysis of soil biodiversity. Here, we studied physical and biological properties of a sandy loam soil in central Italy under a 4-year rotation of maize\u2013durum wheat\u2013cover crop\u2013sunflower\u2013durum wheat\u2013cover crop during 15\u00a0years. We analysed the effects of two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT); two N fertilization rates, without N and medium N level; and three soil covers: cash crop residue as control, Brassica juncea and Vicia villosa. Results show that no tillage increased soil organic matter content in the upper 10-cm layer (3.31%) compared to the conventional tillage (2.19%). No tillage also improved structure stability and lowered bulk density in the same soil profile. No-tillage systems showed higher soil microbial biomass (+71%) and respiration (+44%), and a higher abundance and diversity of micro-arthropods. We conclude that no tillage is an effective measure to improve the physical and biological quality of soil in Mediterranean conditions. No-tillage positive effect can be enhanced by the right choice of N fertilization and cover crop cultivation. Bio-indicators such as micro-arthropods can be very predictive of soil habitability by organisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "Aggregate stability", " Micro-arthropod diversity", " Microbial biomass carbon", " Soil biological quality", " Soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/338182/2/Sapkota%20et%20al.%20%282012%29_ASDE.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:14:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle", "description": "AbstractMore diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Effects Of Soil-Protecting Agricultural Practices On Soil Organic Carbon And Productivity In Fruit Tree Orchards", "description": "AbstractThis 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm study reports the effects of different agricultural practices on yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) in kiwifruit and apricot orchards grown in a Mediterranean area. Groups of plants under local orchard management (LOM,\uffc2\uffa7
Correction made here after initial publication.
) practices (i.e. soil tillage, removing of pruning residues and mineral fertilisers) were compared with plots under soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90protecting orchard management (SPOM) actions (i.e. cover crop, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, compost application and mulching of pruning residues). In the SPOM blocks fertilisation rate was based on plant demand and irrigation volumes calculated on the evapotranspiration values, while they were empirically calculated in the LOM plots. Results show that yield was 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 per cent enhanced by SPOM practices while SOC remained close to the initial values. In comparison with LOM plots, changed practices increased up to 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9390 per cent the amount of P and K, and 13 per cent that of N annually incorporated into soil increasing their reservoir in the soil. The study demonstrates that appropriate land management can increase the mean annual carbon soil inputs from about 1\uffc2\uffb75 to 9\uffc2\uffb70\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 per year. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Crop residues; land use; organic matter; soil carbon input; SOC; Mediterranean soil; soil organic carbon", "Crop residue", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon input", "SOC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean soil", "organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.917", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp.2250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-09", "title": "Rainfall Impacts Dissolved Organic Matter and Cation Export From Permafrost Catchments and a Glacial River During Late Summer in Northeast Greenland", "description": "ABSTRACTOngoing and amplified climate change in the Arctic is leading to glacier retreat and to the exposure of an ever\uffe2\uff80\uff90larger portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glaciated permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated landscapes. Warming will also cause more precipitation to fall as rain, further enhancing the thaw of previously frozen ground. Yet, the impact of those perturbations on the geochemistry of Arctic rivers remains a subject of debate. Here, we determined the geochemical composition of waters from various contrasting non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial permafrost catchments and investigated their impact on a glacially dominated river, the Zackenberg River (Northeast Greenland), during late summer (August 2019). We also studied the effect of rainfall on the geochemistry of the Zackenberg River, its non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries, and a nearby independent non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial headwater stream Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse. We analyzed water properties, quantified and characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM) using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy and radiocarbon isotopes, and set this alongside analyses of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), dissolved silicon (Si), and germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si). The glacier\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed Zackenberg River contained low concentrations of major cations, dissolved Si and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a Ge/Si ratio typical of bulk rock. Glacial DOM was enriched in protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90like fluorescent DOM and displayed relatively depleted radiocarbon values (i.e., old DOM). Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial streams (i.e., tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse) had higher concentrations of major cations and DOC and DOM enriched in aromatic compounds. They showed a wide range of values for radiocarbon, Si and Ge/Si ratios associated with variable contributions of surface runoff relative to deep active layer leaching. Before the rain event, Zackenberg tributaries did not contribute notably to the solute export of the Zackenberg River, and supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost ground waters governed the supply of solutes in Zackenberg tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream. After the rain event, surface runoff modified the composition of Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries strongly increased their contribution to the Zackenberg River solute export. Our results show that summer rainfall events provide an additional source of DOM and Si\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich waters from permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90underlain catchments to the discharge of glacially dominated rivers. This suggests that the magnitude and composition of solute exports from Arctic rivers are modulated by permafrost thaw and summer rain events. This event\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven solute supply will likely impact the carbon cycle in rivers, estuaries, and oceans and should be included into future predictions of carbon balance in these vulnerable Arctic systems.Conversion of arable land (maize) to pasture will affect the soil organic matter (SOM) content. Changes in the SOM content were studied using a size- and density-fractionation method and C-13 analysis. Twenty-six years of maize cropping had resulted in a depletion of carbon stored in the macro-organic fractions (>150 mu m) and an increase in the 250 mu m), light (b.d. 150 mu m) and light (b.d. 150 mu m; b.d. >1.13 g cm(-3)) in the 0- to 20-cm layer was still 40-50% lower than in the continuous pasture plots. Average half-life times calculated from C-13 analyses ranged from 7 years in the light fractions to 56 years in heavy fractions. Fractionation results and C-13 data indicated that mechanical disturbance (plowing) during maize cropping had resulted in vertical displacement of dispersed soil carbon from the 0- to 20-cm layer down to 60-80 cm. Conversion of arable land to pasture, therefore, not only causes a regeneration of the soil carbon content, it also reduces the risk of contaminant transport by dispersed soil carbon.
", "keywords": ["land use change", "DECOMPOSITION", "2. Zero hunger", "C-13 analyses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "Maize", "C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "CULTIVATION", "pasture", "13C analyses", "VERTISOLS", "SIZE", "SYSTEMS", "Pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Fractionation", "fractionation", "Land use change", "CARBON TURNOVER", "FRACTIONS", "organic matter", "STORAGE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R\u00f6mkens, P.F.A.M., van der Plicht, J., Hassink, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050494"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s003740050494", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s003740050494", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s003740050494"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-19", "title": "Feedback Interactions Between Needle Litter Decomposition And Rhizosphere Activity", "description": "The aim of our study was to identify interactions between the decomposition of aboveground litter and rhizosphere activity. The experimental approach combined the placement of labelled litter (delta13C=-37.9 per thousand ) with forest girdling in a 35-year-old Norway spruce stand, resulting in four different treatment combinations: GL (girdled, litter), GNL (girdled, no litter), NGL (not girdled, litter), and NGNL (not girdled, no litter). Monthly sampling of soil CO2 efflux and delta13C of soil respired CO2 between May and October 2002 allowed the partitioning of the flux into that derived from the labelled litter, and that derived from native soil organic matter and roots. The effect of forest girdling on soil CO2 efflux was detectable from June (girdling took place in April), and resulted in GNL fluxes to be about 50% of NGNL fluxes by late August. The presence of litter resulted in significantly increased fluxes for the first 2 months of the experiment, with significantly greater litter derived fluxes from non-girdled plots and a significant interaction between girdling and litter treatments over the same period. For NGL collars, the additional efflux was found to originate only in part from litter decomposition, but also from the decay of native soil organic matter. In GL collars, this priming effect was not significant, indicating an active role of the rhizosphere in soil priming. The results therefore indicate mutual positive feedbacks between litter decomposition and rhizosphere activity. Soil biological analysis (microbial and fungal biomass) of the organic layers indicated greatest activity below NGL collars, and we suppose that this increase indicates the mechanism of mutual positive feedback between rhizosphere activity and litter decomposition. However, elimination of fresh C input from both above- and belowground (GNL) also resulted in greater fungal abundance than for the NGNL treatment, indicating likely changes in fungal community structure (i.e. a shift from symbiotic to saprotrophic species abundance).", "keywords": ["570", "Soil ecology", "Microbial biomass", "Models", " Biological", "630", "Soil", "Biomass", "Picea", "Forest girdling; Microbial biomass; Soil CO; 2; efflux; Soil organic matter; Stable C isotopes;", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Soil CO2 efflux", "Feedback", " Physiological", "Soil organic matter", "Carbon Isotopes", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Microbial growth", "Stable C isotopes", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest girdling", "Seasons"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-004-1540-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-06", "title": "Pairwise Comparison Of Soil Organic Particle-Size Distributions In Native Savannas And Eucalyptus Plantations In Congo", "description": "Abstract Conversion of native vegetation into fast-growing tree plantations is known to affect soil organic matter (SOM): soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and their distribution in particle-size fractions can be modified in various ways depending on numerous factors, such as soil properties, SOM levels prior to conversion, climatic conditions, silvicultural practices and fire occurrence. Since 1978, 43,000\u00a0ha of clonal eucalyptus plantations have been established on sandy coastal plains under savannas near Pointe-Noire, Congo. We investigated the effects of afforestation on topsoil (0\u201310\u00a0cm) C and N through the analysis of their distribution in particle-size fractions using a pairwise experimental design that compared adjacent savannas and plantations. The studied plantations were of different ages (2\u201330-year-old stands) and differently affected by accidental fires. No significant difference in total topsoil C, N or C/N was observed between young plantations and savanna. In old plantations that had not been affected by fire, total topsoil C content was twice as high as in savanna ( p = 0.0016 ), on average, mostly involving fractions > 50\u00a0 \u03bc m. By contrast, total topsoil N did not differ significantly at these sites. In old plantations affected by fire, total topsoil C content did not differ significantly from that in savanna, but total topsoil N was 26 % lower in plantations than in savanna ( p = 0.0063 ), on average, and the decrease affected fractions 200\u00a0 \u03bc m especially. Whatever the fire occurrence, total topsoil C/N was higher in old plantations than in savanna, in fractions > 20\u00a0 \u03bc m especially.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7190", "SAVANNA", "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "FIRE", "analyse de sol", "FLUX ET STOCKS C", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "azote", "2. Zero hunger", "Eucalyptus", "FRACTIONATION", "fraction du sol", "forestry", "FIRE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "eucalyptus", "META ANALYSIS", "TURNOVER", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "plantations", "particle size fractionation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "fire", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "570", "PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420", "MATTER DYNAMICS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5192", "TROPICAL SOILS", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "soil organic matter", "MANAGEMENT", "EUCALYPTUS", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "PINUS", "CHANGEMENT D'USAGE DES TERRES", "CARBON DYNAMICS", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "15. Life on land", "savanna", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "AFFORESTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "impact sur l'environnement", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7198"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Reversibility Of Soil Productivity Decline With Organic Matter Of Differing Quality Along A Degradation Gradient", "description": "In the highlands of Western Kenya, we investigated the reversibility of soil productivity decline with increasing length of continuous maize cultivation over 100\u00a0years (corresponding to decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient contents) using organic matter additions of differing quality and stability as a function of soil texture and inorganic nitrogen (N) additions. The ability of additions of labile organic matter (green and animal manure) to improve productivity primarily by enhanced nutrient availability was contrasted with the ability of stable organic matter (biochar and sawdust) to improve productivity by enhancing SOC. Maize productivity declined by 66% during the first 35\u00a0years of continuous cropping after forest clearing. Productivity remained at a low level of 3.0\u00a0t\u00a0grain\u00a0ha-1 across the chronosequence stretching up to 105\u00a0years of continuous cultivation despite full N\u2013phosphorus (P)\u2013potassium (K) fertilization (120\u2013100\u2013100\u00a0kg ha\u22121). Application of organic resources reversed the productivity decline by increasing yields by 57\u2013167%, whereby responses to nutrient-rich green manure were 110% greater than those from nutrient-poor sawdust. Productivity at the most degraded sites (80\u2013105\u00a0years since forest clearing) increased in response to green manure to a greater extent than the yields at the least degraded sites (5\u00a0years since forest clearing), both with full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization. Biochar additions at the most degraded sites doubled maize yield (equaling responses to green manure additions in some instances) that were not fully explained by nutrient availability, suggesting improvement of factors other than plant nutrition. There was no detectable influence of texture (soils with either 11\u201314 or 45\u201349% clay) when low quality organic matter was applied (sawdust, biochar), whereas productivity was 8, 15, and 39% greater (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) on sandier than heavier textured soils with high quality organic matter (green and animal manure) or only inorganic nutrient additions, respectively. Across the entire degradation range, organic matter additions decreased the need for additional inorganic fertilizer N irrespective of the quality of the organic matter. For low quality organic resources (biochar and sawdust), crop yields were increasingly responsive to inorganic N fertilization with increasing soil degradation. On the other hand, fertilizer N additions did not improve soil productivity when high quality organic inputs were applied. Even with the tested full N\u2013P\u2013K fertilization, adding organic matter to soil was required for restoring soil productivity and most effective in the most degraded sites through both nutrient delivery (with green manure) and improvement of SOC (with biochar).", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Chronosequence", "Sustainable agriculture", "Green manure crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Soil productivity", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biochar addition", "Clay concentration", "Agroecosystems", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-008-9154-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00779-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-27", "title": "Biocrusts Modulate Climate Change Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Pools: Insights From a 9-Year Experiment", "description": "AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that warming associated with climate change is decreasing the total amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) in drylands, although scientific research has not given enough emphasis to particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools. Biocrusts are a major biotic feature of drylands and have large impacts on the C cycle, yet it is largely unknown whether they modulate the responses of POC and MAOC to climate change. Here, we assessed the effects of simulated climate change (control, reduced rainfall (RE), warming (WA), and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA) and initial biocrust cover (low (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8920%) versus high (>\uffe2\uff80\uff8950%)) on the mineral protection of soil C and soil organic matter quality in a dryland ecosystem in central Spain for 9\uffc2\uffa0years. At low initial biocrust cover levels, both WA and RE\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89WA increased SOC, especially POC but also MAOC, and promoted a higher contribution of carbohydrates, relative to aromatic compounds, to the POC fraction. These results suggest that the accumulation of soil C under warming treatments may be transitory in soils with low initial biocrust cover. In soils with high initial biocrust cover, climate change treatments did not affect SOC, neither POC nor MAOC fraction. Overall, our results indicate that biocrust communities modulate the negative effect of climate change on SOC, because no losses of soil C were observed with the climate manipulations under biocrusts. Future work should focus on determining the long-term persistence of the observed buffering effect by biocrust-forming lichens, as they are known to be negatively affected by warming.Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.250 \u03bcm, 63\u2013250 \u03bcm, and 250 \u03bcm fraction of the sugar maple\u2013basswood ecosystem from 0.9 to 3.3 but there were no changes in other size classes or in the black oak\u2013white oak ecosystem. Third, simulated N deposition increased the ratio of lignin derivatives to N-bearing compounds in the 63\u2013250 and >250 \u03bcm fractions in both ecosystems but not in the 63 \u03bcm) where there were multiple correlations between oxidative enzyme activities and concentrations of lignin derivatives and between glycanolytic enzyme activities and concentrations of carbohydrates. Within silt-clay fractions (<63 \u03bcm), these enzyme-substrate correlations were attenuated by interactions with particle surfaces. Our results demonstrate that variation in enzyme activity resulting from atmospheric N deposition is directly linked to changes in soil organic matter chemistry, particularly those that occur within coarse soil size fractions.", "keywords": ["Carbon structure", "Soil organic matter", "13. Climate action", "Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-004-1927-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-15", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fallow Systems And Lengths On Crop Production And Soil Fertility Maintenance In West Africa", "description": "In the development of short fallow systems as alternatives to shifting cultivation in West Africa, a long-term trial was established at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) on an Alfisol in the forest-savanna transitional zone of southwestern Nigeria, comparing three fallow systems; natural regrowth fallow, cover crop fallow and alley cropping on soil productivity and crop yield sustainability. The natural fallow system consisted of natural regrowth of mainly Chromolaena odorata shrub as fallow vegetation. The cover crop fallow system consisted of Pueraria phaseoloides, a herbaceous legume as fallow vegetation. The alley cropping system consisted of woody hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala as fallow vegetation. The fallow lengths were 0 (continuous cropping), 1, 2 and 3 years after 1 year of maize/cassava intercropping. Biomass produced from natural fallow and cover crop fallow was burnt during the land preparation. Fertilizer was not applied throughout the study. Without fertilizer application, maize yield declined from above 3.0 t ha\u22121 to below 0.5 t ha\u22121 during 12 years of cultivation (1989\u20132000) on a land cleared from a 23-year old secondary forest. Temporal change in cassava tuber yield was erratic. Mean maize grain yields from 1993\u20132000 except for 1999 were higher in cover crop fallow system (1.89 t ha\u22121) than in natural fallow system (1.73 t ha\u22121), while natural fallow system outperformed alley cropping system (1.46 t ha\u22121). During the above 7 years, mean cassava tuber yield in cover crop system (7.7 t ha\u22121) did not differ from natural fallow system (8.2 t ha\u22121), and both systems showed higher cassava tuber than the alley cropping system (5.7 t ha\u22121). The positive effect of fallowing on crop yields was observed for both crops in the three systems, however, insignificant effects were seen when fallow length exceeded 1 year for cover crop and alley cropping, and 2 years for natural fallow. Soil pH, organic carbon, available P and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K decreased considerably after 12 years of cultivation, even in a 3-year fallow subplot. After 12 years, soil organic carbon (SOC) within 0\u20135 cm depth in alley cropping (13.9 g kg\u22121) and natural fallow (13.7 g kg\u22121) was higher than in cover crop fallow (11.6 g kg\u22121). Whereas significant increase in SOC with either natural fallow or alley cropping was observed only after 2 or 3 years of fallow, the SOC in the 1-year fallow alley cropping subplot was higher than that in continuous cropping natural fallow subplot. It can be concluded from our study that in transforming shifting cultivation to a permanent cropping, fallow with natural vegetation (natural fallow), herbaceous legumes (cover crop fallow) and woody legumes (alley cropping) can contribute to the maintenance of crop production and soil fertility, however, length of fallow period does not need to exceed 2 years. When the fallow length is reduced to 1 year, a better alternative to natural regrowth fallow would be the cover crop for higher maize yield and alley cropping for higher soil organic matter. For fallow length of 2 years, West African farmers would be better off with the natural fallow system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Crop yields", "Conservation agriculture", "Cover crops", "Nigeria", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Woody species", "Long-term trial", "West Africa", "Shifting cultivation", "Fallow", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guanglong Tian, Guanglong Tian, B. T. Kang, F. K. Salako, P. Idinoba, G.O. Kolawole,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-004-1927-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-004-1927-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-004-1927-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-004-1927-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-10", "title": "Response Of Bulk Chemical Composition, Lignin And Carbohydrate Signature To Grassland Conversion In A Ley-Arable Cropping System", "description": "Grassland conversion is a common practice in ley-arable cropping systems. The effects of such a disturbance on soil organic matter status and its consequences for biogeochemical cycles in terms of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated changes occurring in soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, bulk chemical composition and in lignin as well as carbohydrate signature during 2 years after grassland conversion into arable land. Our results showed a rapid SOM decrease in the first few months after the conversion. The bulk chemical composition as seen by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was similar under grassland and arable land, whereas different landuse had an impact on the contribution of plant litter compounds to SOM. SOM of arable soil had higher lignin contents and lower contents of non-cellulosic neutral carbohydrates than grassland soil. After grassland conversion, the most prominent change was an increase of the SOM\u2019s content of non-cellulosic carbohydrate above the contents recorded for grassland or arable land. Principal component analysis indicated that SOM chemical characteristics of converted grassland even after 2 years are similar to those of initial grassland. We conclude that the chemical composition of SOM is less susceptible to rapid change and that re-installation of grassland within some years will safeguard the initial SOM status in ley-arable rotations.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "GRASSLAND", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "RETOURNEMENT DE PRAIRIE", "15. Life on land", "GRASSLAND CONVERSION", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "ORGANIC CARBON", "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE", "CHEMISTRY", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rumpel, Corn\u00e9lia, Chabbi, Abad,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-009-9333-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-03", "title": "Quality Of Soil Organic Matter And C Storage As Influenced By Cropping Systems In Northwestern Alberta, Canada", "description": "Crop rotations and reduction in tillage are commonly recommended for sustained crop production and enhancing soil quality. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of cropping systems (1968\u20131992) on soil structure, carbon storage and the quality of soil organic matter. The study was conducted on a silt clay loam soil (Typic Cryoboralf) near Beaverlodge, Alberta, The cropping systems were: (a) continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (CB); (b) continuous bromegrass (Bromus inermiss Leyess.) (CG); (c) continuous forage legume (Medicago sativa L. until 1977, and Trifolium pratense L. since 1978) (CL); and (d) 3\u00a0years of bromegrass-legume forage alternating with 3\u00a0years of barley (RF). Our data showed that the CG and CL treatments had more stable aggregates with greater mean weight diameter (MWD) than soil under continuous barley. Organic C, total N and the light fraction in soil under CG and CL were higher than those of the other two treatments. Soil under CG had the highest and CB the lowest amounts of acid-hydrolyzable monosacchrides (comprising glucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose). Higher galactose\u00a0+\u00a0mannose concentration in soil under CG indicated a higher soil microbiological activity. Microbial biomass C and N followed the trend among treatments in whole and light fraction organic matter, and total extracted sugars. Soil organic matter 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed that: (i) soil under CB contained the highest amounts of aromatic and the lowest content of aliphatic-C, (ii) soil under CL had the lowest phenolic-C and the least aromaticity, and (iii) soil under CG and RF had the highest amounts of aliphatic-C which includes labile substances such as amino acids and carbohydrates, indicating an improvement in the quality of organic matter. It is concluded that perennial forage crops can improve soil structure and soil organic matter quality and quantity as compared with cereal monoculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aggregation", "13C-NMR spectroscopy", "Carbon storage", "Carbohydrates", "Microbial biomass", "Light fraction organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Arshad, M. A., Soon, Y. K., Ripmeester, J. A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-010-9377-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-10", "title": "Changes In Soil Carbon Stock After Cropland Conversion To Grassland In Russian Temperate Zone: Measurements Versus Model Simulation", "description": "The collapse of Soviet Union in early 1990s led to abandonment of large area of arable land which is assumed to act as a carbon (C) sink. We studied the ability of two dynamic soil C models (Yasso07 and RothC) to predict changes in soil C content after cropland abandonment. The performance of the models was compared using the results of a long-term experiment in Pushchino, Moscow region (5450 0 N, 3735 0 E) in Russia. The experiment was divided in four combinations of fertilizer or mowing treatments on former cropland soil. The soil C content was determined in the year of establishment (1980) and thereafter in 1999 and 2004. The soil C stocks increased by about 1.5- to 1.8-fold during the study period. Both models predicted the overall change in soil C relatively well (modelling efficiency of Yasso07 and RothC were 0.60 and 0.73, respectively). Accord- ing to the models, the soil gained on average 140-150 g C m -2 year -1 during the first 5 years after conversion of cropland to grassland. The C seques- tration rate decreased to 40-50 g C m -2 year -1 after 20 years of land use change. The sequestration rates estimated in this study are comparable to the rates observed in other studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "hiili", "carbon", "land use", "Yasso07", "maank\u00e4ytt\u00f6", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RothC", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "kasvinviljely", "maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutos", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Kasvintuotanto", "maaper\u00e4n hiili", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-014-9599-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-16", "title": "Increased Quantity And Quality Of Coarse Soil Organic Matter Fraction At Elevated Co2 In A Grazed Grassland Are A Consequence Of Enhanced Root Growth Rate And Turnover", "description": "The aims of this study were to determine whether elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration modifies plant organic matter (OM) fluxes to the soil and whether any change in the fluxes can modify soil OM accumulation. Measurements were made in a grazed temperate grassland after almost 4\u00a0years exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 (475\u00a0\u03bcl\u00a0l-1) using a Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility located in the North Island of New Zealand. Aboveground herbage biomass and leaf litter production were not altered by elevated CO2 but root growth rate, as measured with the ingrowth core method, and root turnover were strongly stimulated by elevated CO2 particularly at low soil moisture contents during summer. Consequently, significantly more plant material was returned to the soil under elevated CO2 leading to an accumulation of coarse (> 1\u00a0mm) particulate organic matter (POM) but not of finer POM fractions. The accumulating POM exhibited a lower C/N ratio, which was attributed to the higher proportion of legumes in the pasture under elevated CO2. Only small changes were detected in the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass in response to the POM accumulation, suggesting that higher organic substrate availability did not stimulate microbial growth and activity despite the apparent lower C/N ratio of accumulating POM. As a result, elevated CO2 may well lead to an accumulation of OM in grazed grassland soil in the long term.", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER", "ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM", "ROOT GROWTH", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ROOT TURNOVER", "C SEQUESTRATION", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "INGROWTH CORE", "HYPOCHOERIS RADICATA", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-5675-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0456-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Soil C And N Dynamics Within A Precipitation Gradient In Mediterranean Eucalypt Plantations", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Understory", "N cycling", "15N", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Labile soil organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean climate", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0456-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0456-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0456-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0456-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-11", "title": "Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influence maize productivity? A meta-analysis", "description": "The combined application of organic resources (ORs) and mineral fertilizers is increasingly gaining recognition as a viable approach to address soil fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive and quantitative synthesis of conditions under which ORs, N fertilizers, and combined ORs with N fertilizers positively or negatively influence Zea mays (maize) yields, agronomic N use efficiency and soil organic C (SOC) in SSA. Four OR quality classes were assessed; classes I (high quality) and II (intermediate quality) had >2.5% N while classes III (intermediate quality) and IV (low quality) had <2.5% N and classes I and III had <4% polyphenol and <15% lignin. On the average, yield responses over the control were 60%, 84% and 114% following the addition of ORs, N fertilizers and ORs + N fertilizers, respectively. There was a general increase in yield responses with increasing OR quality and OR-N quantity, both when ORs were added alone or with N fertilizers. Surprisingly, greater OR residual effects were observed with high quality ORs and declined with decreasing OR quality. The greater yield responses with ORs + N fertilizers than either resource alone were mostly due to extra N added and not improved N utilization efficiency because negative interactive effects were, most often, observed when combining ORs with N fertilizers. Additionally, their agronomic N use efficiency was not different from sole added ORs but lower than N fertilizers added alone. Nevertheless, positive interactive effects were observed in sandy soils with low quality ORs whereas agronomic use efficiency was greater when smaller quantities of N were added in all soils. Compared to sole added ORs, yield responses for the combined treatment increased with decreasing OR quality and greater yield increases were observed in sandy (68%) than clayey soils (25%). While ORs and ORs + N fertilizer additions increased SOC by at least 12% compared to the control, N fertilizer additions were not different from control suggesting that ORs are needed to increase SOC. Thus, the addition of ORs will likely improve nutrient storage while crop yields are increased and more so for high quality ORs. Furthermore, interactive effects are seldom occurring, but agronomic N use efficiency of ORs + N fertilizers were greater with low quantities of N added, offering potential for increasing crop productivity.", "keywords": ["Soil nutrients", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil management", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "Soil fertility", "Soil degradation", "Agronomic n use efficiency", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "ma\u00edz", "Soil", "abonos npk", "npk fertilizers", "Field Scale", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Sub-Saharan Africa", "soil fertility", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Interactive effects", "15. Life on land", "Organic resource quality", "Yield response", "Integrated soil fertility management", "Meta-analysis", "Zea maize", "Soil conservation", "Fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0420-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-19", "title": "Linking Physical Quality And Co2 Emissions Under Long-Term No-Till And Conventional-Till In A Subtropical Soil In Brazil", "description": "The decomposition rate of soil organic matter (SOM) is affected by soil management practices and particularly by the physical and hydraulic attributes of the soil. Previous studies have indicated that the SOM decomposition is influenced by the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR). Therefore, the objective of this study was to relate the C-CO2 emissions to the LLWR of the surficial layer of soil under two management systems: no-tillage (NT), conducted for 20\u00a0years, and conventional tillage (CT). Soil in NT presented greater soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks than in CT. Emissions of C-CO2 were greater in the NT than in the CT, because of the greater carbon stocks in the soil surface layer and the greater biological activity (due to the improvement of the soil structure) in NT as compared to CT. The use of LLWR associated with the measurement of C-CO2 emissions from the soil could help to predict the efficacy of the adopted management system for trapping carbon in the soil.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Least limiting water range", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0420-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0420-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0420-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0420-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-1035-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-04", "title": "Influence Of Tree Species On Carbon Sequestration In Afforested Pastures In A Humid Temperate Region", "description": "This study examines the influence of tree species in relation to biomass and soil C dynamics in plantations established on former pasture land. Data on the C sink capacity of such plantations will provide valuable information for designing improved management strategies for afforestation programmes aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions. The study was carried in the temperate forest of southern Europe, one of the most productive timber production systems in Europe. The study, designed to control most of the variability at regional level, involved a network of 120 paired plots (former pasture land-new plantations of different ages) established to construct three well-replicated chronosequences of the most common tree species in humid temperate systems. The mean rates of C sequestration (biomass and soil) estimated throughout the rotation ranged between 8.7 and 14.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u2009ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 (Eucalyptus nitens>Eucalyptus globulus>Pinus radiata), and the contribution of the soil (forest floor plus mineral soil) ranged from 8 to 18% (Eucalyptus nitens>Pinus radiata>Eucalyptus globulus). The humid temperate climate and the sandy loam texture of the soils favoured large losses of SOC from the uppermost mineral soils during the 10\u00a0year after afforestation. The higher loss of SOC in the Pinus radiata soil (26% of initial SOC) than in the Eucalyptus soil (19.45% of initial SOC) was attributed to the lower transfer of organic C to the mineral soil, as a result of the lower litter decomposition rate and the lower belowground litter input from associated vegetation. The rapid development of tree biomass favoured the subsequent C sequestration in biomass and soils. The C sink capacity of forest plantations can be maximized by elongating the rotation length and adopting suitable management strategies for each species. This is especially important in intensive forest plantations in which the high intensity of harvesting may prevent accumulation of SOC in the long term.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Eucalyptus", "Pinus radiata", "Tree biomass", "Soil organic matter", "Afforestation", "13. Climate action", "Pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest floor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P\u00e9rez Cruzado, C\u00e9sar, Mansilla Salinero, Pablo, Rodr\u00edguez Soalleiro, Roque, Merino Garc\u00eda, Agust\u00edn,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1035-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-1035-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-1035-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-1035-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-10", "title": "Land Use Effects On Erosion And Carbon Storage Of The Rio Chimbo Watershed, Ecuador", "description": "Soil carbon storage is an important component of global carbon cycling. Andean Andisols have high carbon content and are vulnerable to erosion because of agricultural intensification and deforestation. This study examines the effects of land use on erosion and soil carbon storage in the Rio Chimbo watershed of Ecuador. Soil carbon content, age, and erosion estimated from 137Cs inventories was measured along an elevational transect under annual cropping, natural forest, paramo, pasture, and tree plantations. Land use, particularly annual cropping, affected 137Cs levels in the upper soil layers, but did not have an impact on total carbon storage to a depth of 1\u00a0m. Relative erosion rates estimated from 137Cs inventories at sites under annual cropping averaged 27\u00a0t ha\u22121\u2009y\u22121 over the erosion rate of non-cultivated sites. A linear relationship was observed between soil carbon age (determined by 14C levels) and 137Cs levels, where pasture sites had lower 137Cs and older carbon compared to natural forest sites. The effects of land use on soil loss in the Rio Chimbo watershed suggest a loss and/or removal of soil carbon, particularly under annual cropping.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil conservation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1478-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Comparison of methane, nitrous oxide fluxes and CO2 respiration rates from a Mediterranean cork oak ecosystem and improved pasture", "description": "Background and aims During the recent decades, cork oak (Q. suber) mortality has been increasing in Mediterranean oak woodland endangering the economical and environmental sustainability of the \u201cmontado\u201d ecosystem. This fact in combination with climate change and conversion of forestland to pasture may significantly affect the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange. Our study evaluates the impact of oak trees as compared to pasture on net ecosystem GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) exchange as well as the main environmental factors influencing this exchange.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "litter", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "root density", "evergreen oak", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "organic matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-28", "title": "How Does Soil Particulate Organic Carbon Respond To Grazing Intensity In Permanent Grasslands?", "description": "Modification in grazing intensity causes functional changes in permanent grasslands, e.g. in carbon (C) cycling. However, we still know little about how the soil organic C of permanent grasslands responds to grazing intensity. In a grassland experiment with three levels of grazing intensity, we monitored root and rhizome C stocks, particulate organic C stocks, total soil C stocks, above-ground net primary production and plant species groups abundance over 7\u00a0years. A simple model was used to estimate the mortality of roots and rhizomes, decomposition rates of particulate organic C, and C fluxes under different grazing intensities. After 7\u00a0years, low grazing intensity and no grazing led to a modification in above-ground vegetation (production, plant species composition, nitrogen content) and a reduction in C transferred between roots and particulate organic matter fractions, while the C stocks of root and rhizomes, particulate organic matter and total soil were not significantly affected by grazing intensity. However, particulate organic C showed a strong interannual variability. Particulate organic C could have reacted more slowly than expected to changes in grazing intensity, or a marked interannual variability of particulate organic C stocks, through an increase in decomposition rates in all the grazing treatments, could have slowed down the accumulation of particulate organic C and masked the effect of the grazing intensity treatments.", "keywords": ["580", "Carbon cycling", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition rates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Particulate organic matter", "13. Climate action", "Grazing intensity", "Grassland ecosystem", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2528-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-08", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Season Of Grazing On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "The Karoo biomes of South Africa are major feed resources for livestock farming, yet soil nutrient depletion and degradation is a major problem. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of long-term (>75\u00a0years) grazing during spring (SPG), summer (SUG), winter (WG) and exclosure (non-grazed control) treatments on soil nutrients, penetration resistance and infiltration tests. A soil sampling campaign was carried out to collect soil to a depth of 60\u00a0cm to analyse bulk density, soil physical and chemical parameters as well as soil compaction and infiltration. Generally, grazing treatments reduced soil organic C (SOC) stocks and C:N ratios, and modified soil properties. There was higher SOC stock (0.128\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) in the exclosure than in the SPG (0.096\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), SUG (0.099\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and WG (0.105\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). The C:N ratios exhibited similar pattern to that of C. From the grazing treatments, the WG demonstrated 7 to 10\u00a0% additional SOC stock over the SPG and SUG, respectively. Short period animal exclusion could be an option to be considered to improve plant nutrients in sandy soils of South Africa. However, this may require a policy environment which supports stock exclusion from such areas vulnerable to land degradation, nutrient and C losses by grazing-induced vegetation and landscape changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Exclosure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Grazing season", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me aride", "13. Climate action", "Arid ecosystem", "mati\u00e8re organique", "saison de p\u00e2turage", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "azote total"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-016-2986-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-17", "title": "Interaction Of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilizer Application, Crop Rotation, And Tillage System On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "Tillage system and crop rotation influences soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN), but there remains considerable uncertainty in the response of C and N dynamics to fertilizer N inputs. A long-term (11-yr) experiment on a clay loam Orthic Humic Gleysol at Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada was used to evaluate the impact of fertilizer N applications (in-season zero N (\u2212N) compared to (+N) 100 and 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha-1\u00a0yr.-1 to corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), respectively) on soil attributes. The cropping systems consisted of continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean (Glycine max L.) (C-S) and corn-soybean-wheat (C-S-W) rotations using conventional moldboard plough and no-till systems. Soil was collected from the 0\u2013120\u00a0cm profile in 5, 10, and 20\u00a0cm increments and analyzed for SOC and TN. The effect and interaction of N fertilization on soil attributes was highly dependent on crop rotation and tillage system. The gain in SOC and TN contents due to +N fertilizer was greatest (up to 31 and 57\u00a0% relative to the -N control, respectively) in the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth with the C-S-W rotation, and lowest under CC, which showed no N fertilizer effect. However, differences in SOC and TN were not confined to the surface 20\u00a0cm, as N fertilizer treatments significantly influenced the contents at 20\u201360 and 60\u2013120\u00a0cm in certain rotation and tillage systems; C-S-W was the most responsive to N fertilizer-induced SOC and TN gains. Using regression analysis, we found that higher SOC contents corresponded to lower variability in the 5-yr. mean corn yield, which suggests that the inclusion of winter wheat in a C-S rotation may have important implications for sustainable and resilient agroecosystems in humid, temperate climates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "synthetic nitrogen fertilizer", "no-till", "soil organic matter", "Triticum aestivum", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "moldboard plow/plough conventional tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "continuous corn Zea mays", "winter wheat Triticum aestivum", "winter wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2986-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-016-2986-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-016-2986-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-016-2986-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-27", "title": "Crop Residue Management And Fertilization Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Associated Biological Properties", "description": "Returning crop residue may result in nutrient reduction in soil in the first few years. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess whether this negative effect is alleviated by improved crop residue management (CRM). Nine treatments (3 CRM and 3\u00a0N fertilizer rates) were used. The CRM treatments were (1) R0: 100\u00a0% of the N using mineral fertilizer with no crop residues return; (2) R: crop residue plus mineral fertilizer as for the R0; and (3) Rc: crop residue plus 83\u00a0% of the N using mineral and 17\u00a0% manure fertilizer. Each CRM received N fertilizer rates at 270, 360, and 450\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha(-1) year(-1). At the end of the experiment, soil NO3-N was reduced by 33\u00a0% from the R relative to the R0 treatment, while the Rc treatment resulted in a 21 to 44\u00a0% increase in occluded particulate organic C and N, and 80\u00a0\u00b0C extracted dissolved organic N, 19 to 32\u00a0% increase in microbial biomass C and protease activity, and higher monounsaturated phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA):saturated PLFA ratio from stimulating growth of indigenous bacteria when compared with the R treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the Biolog and PLFA profiles in the three CRM treatments were different from each other. Overall, these properties were not influenced by the used N fertilizer rates. Our results indicated that application of 17\u00a0% of the total N using manure in a field with crop residues return was effective for improving potential plant N availability and labile soil organic matter, primarily due to a shift in the dominant microorganisms.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Minerals", "Enzymatic activity", "550", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "Fertilizer rate", "Biolog", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-016-6927-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-07", "title": "Predicting Long-Term Organic Carbon Dynamics In Organically Amended Soils Using The Cqestr Model", "description": "Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["C. SEQUESTRATION; CROP RESIDUE AND MANURE; MODELING; ORGANIC AMENDMENT; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "C sequestration | Crop residue | Manure | Modeling | Organic amendment | Soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "title": "A meta-analysis and critical evaluation of influencing factors on soil carbon priming following biochar amendment", "description": "Previous studies have found biochar-induced effects on native soil organic carbon (NSOC) decomposition, with a range of positive, negative and no priming reported. However, many uncertainties still exist regarding which parameters drive the amplitude and the direction of the biochar priming. We conducted a quantitative analysis of 1170 groups of data from 27 incubation studies using boosted regression trees (BRTs). BRT is a machine learning method combining regression trees and a boosting algorithm, which can effectively partition independent influences of various factors on the target variable in the complex ecological processes. The BRT model explained a total of 72.4% of the variation in soil carbon (C) priming following biochar amendment, in which incubation conditions (36.5%) and biochar properties (33.7%) explained a larger proportion than soil properties (29.8%). The predictors that substantially accounted for the explained variation included incubation time (27.1%) and soil moisture (5.0%), biochar C/N ratio (6.2%), nitrogen content (5.5%), pyrolysis time during biochar production (5.1%), biochar pH (4.5%), soil C content (5.2%), sand (4.7%) and clay content (4.1%). In contrast, other incubation conditions (temperature, biochar dose, whether nutrient was added), biochar properties (biochar C, feedstock type, ash content, pyrolysis temperature, whether biochar was activated) and soil properties (nitrogen content, silt content, C/N ratio, pH, land use type) had small contribution (each <\u20094%). Positive priming occurred within the first 2\u00a0years of incubations, with a change to negative priming afterwards. The priming was negative for low N biochar or in high-moisture soils but positive on their reverse sides. The size of negative priming increased with rising biochar C/N ratio, pyrolysis time and soil clay content, but deceased with soil C/N ratio. We determine the critical drivers for biochar effect on native soil organic C cycling, which can help us to better predict soil C sequestration following biochar amendment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "550", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Boosted regression tree", "Incubation time", "Native soil organic matter", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Priming effect", "1913 Stratigraphy", "Pyrogenic organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-02", "title": "Microplastic fiber and drought effects on plants and soil are only slightly modified by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "description": "Abstract
Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherent properties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected. Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence the effect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found that polyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered and drought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highest biomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plant biomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system was contaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to the mounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant-soil system by promoting plant growth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positively influenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plastic still had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic might interact with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Organic matter decomposition", "Drought", "Microplastic", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Root traits", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-08", "title": "Design Of Riparian Buffer Strips Affects Soil Quality Parameters", "description": "Abstract Vegetated buffer strips alongside watercourses are commonly used to counteract diffuse pollution from agricultural activities. If properly designed, they can provide multiple environmental benefits by increasing wildlife habitats and biodiversity. Little attention has been paid to the effects of buffer strips on soil quality. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different buffer designs on soil biochemical parameters and to define relevant quality parameters for soil monitoring. We compared four buffer arrangements: 3\u00a0m wide grass buffer; 3\u00a0m grass with one tree row; 6\u00a0m grass with one tree row; 6\u00a0m grass with two tree rows; plus two controls: an adjacent maize crop field and a plot without buffer. Buffers were established 13 years ago at the Padua University Experimental Farm in the Po Valley, north-east Italy. Studied parameters included soil organic matter composition and soil microbial and enzymatic assays. As expected, control plots showed the lowest values for all the studied parameters. Among buffer designs, 3\u00a0m grass and 3\u00a0m grass with 1 tree row buffers gave the highest values. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the increase of soil organic carbon content distinguished buffers from controls, whereas soil humic carbon quality parameters such as humic compounds apparent molecular weight, together with acetyl esterase (fluorescein test) enzyme activity, were discriminatory in separating buffer designs. These results are an important contribution to the knowledge base and can help to improve the management of these systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic matter; buffer strip; Microbial biomass; Humic substances", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:03Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2017-10-12", "title": "Changes in Soil Ecosystem Structure and Functions Due to Soil Contamination", "description": "Open Accesspublished", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Services and goods", "13. Climate action", "Soil pollution", "15. Life on land", "Functional biodiversity", "Nutrient cycling", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-12-849873-6.00003-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-28", "title": "Soil Organic C And N Distribution For Wheat Cropping Systems After 20 Years Of Conservation Tillage In Central Texas", "description": "Long-term conservation tillage and cropping intensity may alter the depth distribution of soil organic C and N. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impacts of conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT), and wheat cropping sequences on the depth distribution of dissolved organic C (DOC), soil organic C (SOC), and total N in a central Texas soil after 20 years. Soil was sampled for six depth intervals ranging from 0 to 105 cm. Conventional tillage consisted of disking, chiseling, ridging, and residue incorporation into soil, while residues remained on the soil surface for NT. The depth distribution of DOC was similar to SOC. Tillage impacts on DOC, SOC, and total N were primarily observed in surface soil (0-5 cm) under continuous wheat but also in subsurface soil depth intervals down to 55 cm for more intensive cropping sequences. On average, NT increased SOC, DOC, and total N compared to CT by 28, 18, and 33%, respectively. Soil organic C and total N were highest at 0-5 cm and decreased with depth to 30-55 cm, below which few tillage or cropping sequence effects were observed. The depth distribution of SOC and total N indicated treatment effects below levels of the maximum tillage depth, while intensive cropping increased SOC and total N for NT compared to CT to a greater depth than for monoculture wheat. High intensity cropping sequences, coupled with NT, resulted in the highest soil organic matter levels in subsurface soils, demonstrating the importance of subsurface C and N storage for potential mitigation of greenhouse gases.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Dissolved organic C", "Soil organic matter", "C sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Everglades Research, Education Center, University of Florida E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430-4702, United States ( host institution ), Wright, Alan L., Dou, Fugen, Hons, Frank M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Organic+matter&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Organic+matter&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Organic+matter&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Organic+matter&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 420, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-25T07:31:16.448527Z"}