Increasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-25", "title": "The Impact Of Sika Deer Grazing On The Vegetation And Infauna Of Arne Saltmarsh", "description": "Arne saltmarsh, an RSPB reserve, is situated in Poole Harbour on the English south coast. In recent years, there has been concern about possible changes in the suitability of the site for Redshank (Trigna totanus) due to sika deer (Cervus nippon) grazing. In order to assess these changes, 50 plots were established in three different locations: 20 in grazed areas, 20 in ungrazed areas and 10 fenced enclosures. Deer grazing was found to significantly affect structural and species diversity of the saltmarsh vegetation. Spartina anglica dominated in ungrazed areas whilst Salicornia ramosissima and, to a lesser extent, Puccinellia maritima dominated in grazed sites. In grazed areas the vegetation cover was significantly lower, as was vegetation height and volume. In addition, significant changes were observed in the root biomass, which was lower in grazed areas. Infaunal diversity was generally low throughout the survey area. However, significant variations were observed. Invertebrates abundance was more abundant in grazed plots than in ungrazed plots, and least abundant in fenced plots. The study indicated that in its current condition, localised areas of Arne saltmarsh do not provide adequate habitat requirements for Tringa totanus.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Deer", "Population Dynamics", "Animals", " Wild", "Biodiversity", "Feeding Behavior", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "England", "Species Specificity", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Justine Hannaford, Eunice Pinn, Anita Diaz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Marine%20Pollution%20Bulletin", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.09.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-19", "title": "Phytostabilization of metal(loid)s by ten emergent macrophytes following a 90-day exposure to industrially contaminated groundwater", "description": "Better understanding of macrophyte tolerance under long exposure times in real environmental matrices is crucial for phytoremediation and phytoattenuation strategies for aquatic systems. The metal(loid) attenuation ability of 10 emergent macrophyte species (Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) was investigated using real groundwater from an industrial site, over a 90-day exposure period. A 'phytobial' treatment was included, with 3 plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains. Plants exposed to the polluted water generally showed similar or reduced aerial biomass compared to the controls, except for C. riparia. This species, along with M. aquatica, exhibited improved biomass after bioaugmentation. Phytoremediation mechanisms accounted for more than 60% of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb removal, whilst abiotic mechanisms contributed to \u223c80% removal of Fe and Zn. Concentrations of metal(loid)s in the roots were generally between 10-100 times higher than in the aerial parts. The macrophytes in this work can be considered 'underground attenuators', more appropriate for rhizostabilization strategies, especially L. salicaria, M. aquatica, S. holoschoenus, and T. angustifolia. For I. pseudacorus, C. longus, and C. riparia; harvesting the aerial parts could be a complementary phytoextraction approach to further remove Pb and Zn. Of all the plants, S. holoschoenus showed the best balance between biomass production and uptake of multiple metal(loid)s. Results also suggest that multiple phytostrategies may be possible for the same plant depending on the final remedial aim. Phytobial approaches need to be further assessed for each macrophyte species.", "keywords": ["Rhizostabilization", "Metalloid", "Biotecnolog\u00eda", "Biolog\u00eda molecular", "Emergent macrophyte", "Metal", "Molecular biology", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "6. Clean water", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Lead", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Plant growth promoting bacteria", "Biomass", "Groundwater", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle", "description": "AbstractMore diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-27", "title": "Microbial Responses To Nitrogen Addition In Three Contrasting Grassland Ecosystems", "description": "The effects of global N enrichment on soil processes in grassland ecosystems have received relatively little study. We assessed microbial community response to experimental increases in N availability by measuring extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) in soils from three grasslands with contrasting edaphic and climatic characteristics: a semiarid grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA (SEV), and mesic grasslands at Konza Prairie, Kansas, USA (KNZ) and Ukulinga Research Farm, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (SAF). We hypothesized that, with N enrichment, soil microbial communities would increase C and P acquisition activity, decrease N acquisition activity, and reduce oxidative enzyme production (leading to recalcitrant soil organic matter [SOM] accumulation), and that the magnitude of response would decrease with soil age (due to higher stabilization of enzyme pools and P limitation of response). Cellulolytic activities followed the pattern predicted, increasing 35-52% in the youngest soil (SEV), 10-14% in the intermediate soil (KNZ) and remaining constant in the oldest soil (SAF). The magnitude of phosphatase response did not vary among sites. N acquisition activity response was driven by the enzyme closest to its pH optimum in each soil: i.e., leucine aminopeptidase in alkaline soil, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in acidic soil. Oxidative enzyme activity varied widely across ecosystems, but did not decrease with N amendment at any site. Likewise, SOM and %C pools did not respond to N enrichment. Between-site variation in both soil properties and EEA exceeded any treatment response, and a large portion of EEA variability (leucine aminopeptidase and oxidative enzymes), 68% as shown by principal components analysis, was strongly related to soil pH (r = 0.91, P < 0.001). In these grassland ecosystems, soil microbial responses appear constrained by a molecular-scale (pH) edaphic factor, making potential breakdown rates of SOM resistant to N enrichment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Analysis of Variance", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "New Mexico", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Kansas", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "Soil", "South Africa", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/rcm.1184", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-02", "title": "Quantification Of Priming And Co2 Respiration Sources Following Slurry-C Incorporation Into Two Grassland Soils With Different C Content", "description": "AbstractThe fate of incorporated slurry\uffe2\uff80\uff90C was examined in a laboratory experiment using two UK grassland soils, i.e. a Pelostagnogley (5.1 %C) and a Brown Earth (2.3 %C). C3 and C4 slurries were incorporated into these two wet\uffe2\uff80\uff90sieved (C3) soils (from 4\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm depth). Gas samples were collected 0.2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 20, 30 and 40 days after slurry application and analyzed for CO2 concentration and \uffce\uffb413C content. Slurry incorporation into the soil strongly increased soil CO2 respiration compared with the unamended soil. Total (40 day) cumulative CO2 flux was higher for the Pelostagnogley than the Brown Earth. The 13C natural abundance tracer technique enabled quantification of the sources of respired CO2 and priming effects (days 0\uffe2\uff80\uff939). Proportionally more slurry\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C was respired from the Pelostagnogley (46%) than the Brown Earth (36%). The incorporated slurry\uffe2\uff80\uff90C was lost twice as fast as the native soil C in both soils. Slurry incorporation induced a priming effect, i.e. additional release of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C, most pronounced in the Pelostagnogley (highest C content). The majority of respired soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C (>70%) was primed C. The study indicated that potential reductions in ammonia volatilisation following slurry injection to grasslands might be negated by enhanced loss of primed soil C (i.e. pollution swapping). Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "Carbon", "Mass Spectrometry", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "England", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1184"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rapid%20Communications%20in%20Mass%20Spectrometry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/rcm.1184", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/rcm.1184", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/rcm.1184"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-02", "title": "Microbial Responses To Long-Term N Deposition In A Semiarid Grassland", "description": "Nitrogen (N) enrichment of the biosphere is an expanding problem to which arid ecosystems may be particularly sensitive. In semiarid grasslands, scarce precipitation uncouples plant and microbial activities, and creates within the soil a spatial mosaic of rhizosphere and cyanobacterial crust communities. We investigated the impact of elevated N deposition on these soil microbial communities at a grama-dominated study site located incentral New Mexico (USA). The study plots were established in 1995 and receive 10 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of supplemental N in the form of NH(4)NO(3). Soil samples were collected in July 2004, following 2 years of severe drought, and again in March 2005 following a winter of record high precipitation. Soils were assayed for potential activities of 20 extracellular enzymes and N(2)O production. The rhizosphere and crust-associated soils had peptidase and peroxidase potentials that were extreme in relation to those of temperate soils. N addition enhanced glycosidase and phosphatase activities and depressed peptidase. In contrast to temperate forest soils, oxidative enzyme activity did not respond to N treatment. Across sampling dates, extracellular enzyme activity responses correlated with inorganic N concentrations. N(2)O generation did not vary significantly with soil cover or N treatment. Microbial responses to N deposition in this semiarid grassland were distinct from those of forest ecosystems and appear to be modulated by inorganic N accumulation, which is linked to precipitation patterns.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "beta-Glucosidase", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Trees", "Leucyl Aminopeptidase", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology", "Peroxidase", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-005-5156-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-22", "title": "Response Of Organic And Inorganic Carbon And Nitrogen To Long-Term Grazing Of The Shortgrass Steppe", "description": "We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May-October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C4 grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C3 grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha(-1) higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha(-1) higher in total soil C (0-90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha(-1)) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha(-1)) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant-soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration.", "keywords": ["Cactaceae", "2. Zero hunger", "Colorado", "Nitrogen", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Biomass", "Desert Climate", "Organic Chemicals", "Plants", " Edible", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jack A. Morgan, Daniel R. LeCain, Gerald E. Schuman, Jean D. Reeder,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-013-0186-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-24", "title": "Effects Of Stocking Rate On The Variability Of Peak Standing Crop In A Desert Steppe Of Eurasia Grassland", "description": "Proper grazing management practices can generate corresponding compensatory effects on plant community production, which may reduce inter-annual variability of productivity in some grassland ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how grazing influences plant community attributes and the variability of standing crop. We examined the effects of sheep grazing at four stocking rate treatments [control, 0 sheep ha(-1) month(-1); light (LG), 0.15 sheep ha(-1 )month(-1); moderate (MG), 0.30 sheep ha(-1) month(-1); and heavy (HG), 0.45 sheep ha(-1) month(-1)] on standing crop at the community level and partitioned by species and functional groups, in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design over a 9-year period. Standing crop was measured every August from 2004 to 2012. Peak standing crop decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing stocking rate; peak standing crop in the HG treatment decreased 40 % compared to the control. May-July precipitation explained at least 76 % of the variation in peak standing crop. MG and HG treatments resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in shrubs, semi-shrubs, and perennials forbs, and an increase (P < 0.05) in perennial bunchgrasses compared to the control. The coefficients of variation at plant functional group and species level in the LG and MG treatments were lower (P < 0.05) than in the control and HG treatments. Peak standing crop variability of the control and HG community were greatest, which suggested that LG and MG have greater ecosystem stability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Sheep", "Rain", "Mongolia", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mengli Zhao, Xinjie Zhang, Guodong Han, Xiaoliang Wang, Walter D. Willms, Kris Havsatad, Zhongwu Wang, Yongzhi Liu, Haijun Ding, Shuying Jiao, Eldon L. Ayers, Lata A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0186-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-013-0186-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-013-0186-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-013-0186-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-013-0181-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-12", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Stock And Distribution In Cultivated Land Converted To Grassland In A Subtropical Region Of China", "description": "Land-use change from one type to another affects soil carbon (C) stocks which is associated with fluxes of CO2 to the atmosphere. The 10-years converted land selected from previously cultivated land in hilly areas of Sichuan, China was studied to understand the effects of land-use conversion on soil organic casrbon (SOC) sequestration under landscape position influences in a subtropical region of China. The SOC concentrations of the surface soil were greater (P 0.001) for converted soils than those for cultivated soils but lower (P 0.001) than those for original uncultivated soils. The SOC inventories (1.90\u20131.95 kg m-2) in the 0\u201315 cm surface soils were similar among upper, middle, and lower slope positions on the converted land, while the SOC inventories (1.41\u20131.65 kg m-2) in this soil layer tended to increase from upper to lower slope positions on the cultivated slope. On the whole, SOC inventories in this soil layer significantly increased following the conversion from cultivated land to grassland (P 0.001). In the upper slope positions, converted soils (especially in 0\u20135 cm surface soil) exhibited a higher C/N ratio than cultivated soils (P = 0.012), implying that strong SOC sequestration characteristics exist in upper slope areas where severe soil erosion occurred before land conversion. It is suggested that landscape position impacts on the SOC spatial distribution become insignificant after the conversion of cultivated land to grassland, which is conducive to the immobilization of organic C. We speculate that the conversion of cultivated land to grassland would markedly increase SOC stocks in soil and would especially improve the potential for SOC sequestration in the surface soil over a moderate period of time (10 years).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Soil", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrogen", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Y. Wang, Jianhui Zhang, Fugui Li, Deyi Xiong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0181-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-013-0181-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-013-0181-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-013-0181-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-26", "title": "Using Shrub Clearing, Draining, And Herbivory To Control Bramble Invasion In Mediterranean Dry Grasslands", "description": "For centuries, the dry grassland of the plain of La Crau (south-eastern France) has been subjected to numerous disturbances resulting in the destruction and the fragmentation of this emblematic rangeland ecosystem of the Mediterranean. Today, this ecosystem is facing a new threat from a proliferating native species, the bramble (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), which preferentially colonizes areas that were formerly cultivated and/or exposed to water infiltration. To identify a strategy for effective control of this colonization, in situ experiments testing disturbance regimes (shrub clearing and/or mixed grazing by sheep and goats) combined with the control of access to water resources (with or without drainage trenches) were undertaken between 2010 and 2013. Only clearing and grazing combined over 3 years led to significant changes in vegetation height and bramble cover as well as modifications in the floristic composition, diversity, similarity, and richness of the plant community. Neither a clearing operation carried out in 2010 alone, nor grazing alone, reduced bramble cover, and neither treatment increased the species richness of the plant community. Similarly, digging drainage trenches had no significant impact either on the plant community or on bramble cover. Our study suggests that only annual mechanical clearing coupled with sheep and goats grazing can significantly reduce bramble cover. This combined restoration treatment needs to be applied for at least 3 consecutive years to induce significant changes and enable this ecosystem to return to the dry grassland succession.", "keywords": ["Population Density", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Sheep", "Mediterranean Region", "Drainage", " Sanitary", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Animals", "France", "Herbivory", "Rubus", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-21", "title": "Effects Of Earthworms And Organic Litter Distribution On Plant Performance And Aphid Reproduction", "description": "Human management practices and large detritivores such as earthworms incorporate plant litter into the soil, thereby forming a heterogeneous soil environment from which plant roots extract nutrients. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated effects of earthworms and spatial distribution of (15)N-labelled grass litter on plants of different functional groups [ Lolium perenne (grass), Plantago lanceolata (forb), Trifolium repens (legume)]. Earthworms enhanced shoot and root growth in L. perenne and P. lanceolata and N uptake from organic litter and soil in all plant species. Litter concentrated in a patch (compared with litter mixed homogeneously into the soil) increased shoot biomass and (15)N uptake from the litter in L. perenne and enhanced root proliferation in P. lanceolata when earthworms were present. Growth of clover (T. repens) was rather independent of the presence of earthworms and organic litter distribution: nevertheless, clover took up more nitrogen in the presence of earthworms and exploited more (15)N from the added litter than the other plant species. The magnitude of the effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution differed between the plant species, indicating different responses of plants with contrasting root morphology. Aphid (Myzus persicae) reproduction was reduced on P. lanceolata in the presence of earthworms. We suggest that earthworm activity may indirectly alter plant chemistry and hence defence mechanisms against herbivores.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen Radioisotopes", "Nitrogen", "Fabaceae", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Aphids", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Plantago", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1329-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0261-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-04", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Fluxes In A Spatially And Temporally Heterogeneous Temperate Grassland", "description": "Landscape position, grazing, and seasonal variation in precipitation and temperature create spatial and temporal variability in soil processes, and plant biomass and composition in grasslands. However, it is unclear how this variation in plant and soil properties affects carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of grazing, topographic position, and seasonal variation in soil moisture and temperature on plant assimilation, shoot and soil respiration, and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Carbon dioxide fluxes, vegetation, and environmental variables were measured once a month inside and outside long-term ungulate exclosures in hilltop (dry) to slope bottom (mesic) grassland throughout the 2004 growing season in Yellowstone National Park. There was no difference in vegetation properties and CO2 fluxes between the grazed and the ungrazed sites. The spatial and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes were related to differences in aboveground biomass and total shoot nitrogen content, which were both related to variability in soil moisture. All sites were CO2 sinks (NEE>0) for all our measurements taken throughout the growing season; but CO2 fluxes were four- to fivefold higher at sites supporting the most aboveground biomass located at slope bottoms, compared to the sites with low biomass located at hilltops or slopes. The dry sites assimilated more CO2 per gram aboveground biomass and stored proportionally more of the gross-assimilated CO2 in the soil, compared to wet sites. These results indicate large spatio-temporal variability of CO2 fluxes and suggest factors that control the variability in Yellowstone National Park.", "keywords": ["Wyoming", "Soil", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0261-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0261-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0261-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0261-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-23", "title": "Aboveground Productivity And Root-Shoot Allocation Differ Between Native And Introduced Grass Species", "description": "Plant species in grasslands are often separated into groups (C(4) and C(3) grasses, and forbs) with presumed links to ecosystem functioning. Each of these in turn can be separated into native and introduced (i.e., exotic) species. Although numerous studies have compared plant traits between the traditional groups of grasses and forbs, fewer have compared native versus introduced species. Introduced grass species, which were often introduced to prevent erosion or to improve grazing opportunities, have become common or even dominant species in grasslands. By virtue of their abundances, introduced species may alter ecosystems if they differ from natives in growth and allocation patterns. Introduced grasses were probably selected nonrandomly from the source population for forage (aboveground) productivity. Based on this expectation, aboveground production is predicted to be greater and root mass fraction to be smaller in introduced than native species. We compared root and shoot distribution and tissue quality between introduced and native C(4) grass species in the Blackland Prairie region of Central Texas, USA, and then compared differences to the more well-studied divergence between C(4) grasses and forbs. Comparisons were made in experimental monocultures planted with equal-sized transplants on a common soil type and at the same density. Aboveground productivity and C:N ratios were higher, on average, in native grasses than in native forbs, as expected. Native and introduced grasses had comparable amounts of shallow root biomass and tissue C:N ratios. However, aboveground productivity and total N were lower and deep root biomass and root mass fraction were greater in native than introduced grasses. These differences in average biomass distribution and N could be important to ecosystems in cases where native and introduced grasses have been exchanged. Our results indicate that native-introduced status may be important when interpreting species effects on grassland processes like productivity and plant N accumulation.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Invasive species", "Nitrogen", "Exotic species", "Root biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Texas", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Introduced species", "Grasslands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Tallgrass prairie", "Ecosystem", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0515-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0621-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-19", "title": "Effects Of An Increase In Summer Precipitation On Leaf, Soil, And Ecosystem Fluxes Of Co2 And H2o In A Sotol Grassland In Big Bend National Park, Texas", "description": "Global climate models predict that in the next century precipitation in desert regions of the USA will increase, which is anticipated to affect biosphere/atmosphere exchanges of both CO(2) and H(2)O. In a sotol grassland ecosystem in the Chihuahuan Desert at Big Bend National Park, we measured the response of leaf-level fluxes of CO(2) and H(2)O 1 day before and up to 7 days after three supplemental precipitation pulses in the summer (June, July, and August 2004). In addition, the responses of leaf, soil, and ecosystem fluxes of CO(2) and H(2)O to these precipitation pulses were also evaluated in September, 1 month after the final seasonal supplemental watering event. We found that plant carbon fixation responded positively to supplemental precipitation throughout the summer. Both shrubs and grasses in watered plots had increased rates of photosynthesis following pulses in June and July. In September, only grasses in watered plots had higher rates of photosynthesis than plants in the control plots. Soil respiration decreased in supplementally watered plots at the end of the summer. Due to these increased rates of photosynthesis in grasses and decreased rates of daytime soil respiration, watered ecosystems were a sink for carbon in September, assimilating on average 31 mmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) ground area day(-1). As a result of a 25% increase in summer precipitation, watered plots fixed eightfold more CO(2) during a 24-h period than control plots. In June and July, there were greater rates of transpiration for both grasses and shrubs in the watered plots. In September, similar rates of transpiration and soil water evaporation led to no observed treatment differences in ecosystem evapotranspiration, even though grasses transpired significantly more than shrubs. In summary, greater amounts of summer precipitation may lead to short-term increased carbon uptake by this sotol grassland ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rain", "Water", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Texas", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "Asparagaceae"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0621-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0621-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0621-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0621-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-31", "title": "Increasing Precipitation Event Size Increases Aboveground Net Primary Productivity In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Water availability is the primary constraint to aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in many terrestrial biomes, and it is an ecosystem driver that will be strongly altered by future climate change. Global circulation models predict a shift in precipitation patterns to growing season rainfall events that are larger in size but fewer in number. This 'repackaging' of rainfall into large events with long intervening dry intervals could be particularly important in semi-arid grasslands because it is in marked contrast to the frequent but small events that have historically defined this ecosystem. We investigated the effect of more extreme rainfall patterns on ANPP via the use of rainout shelters and paired this experimental manipulation with an investigation of long-term data for ANPP and precipitation. Experimental plots (n = 15) received the long-term (30-year) mean growing season precipitation quantity; however, this amount was distributed as 12, six, or four events applied manually according to seasonal patterns for May-September. The long-term mean (1940-2005) number of rain events in this shortgrass steppe was 14 events, with a minimum of nine events in years of average precipitation. Thus, our experimental treatments pushed this system beyond its recent historical range of variability. Plots receiving fewer, but larger rain events had the highest rates of ANPP (184 +/- 38 g m(-2)), compared to plots receiving more frequent rainfall (105 +/- 24 g m(-2)). ANPP in all experimental plots was greater than long-term mean ANPP for this system (97 g m(-2)), which may be explained in part by the more even distribution of applied rain events. Soil moisture data indicated that larger events led to greater soil water content and likely permitted moisture penetration to deeper in the soil profile. These results indicate that semi-arid grasslands are capable of responding immediately and substantially to forecast shifts to more extreme precipitation patterns.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Colorado", "Time Factors", "Rain", "Water", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Eugene F. Kelly, Jana L. Heisler-White, Jana L. Heisler-White, Alan K. Knapp,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-008-1116-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1427-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-22", "title": "Herbivore Impacts To The Moss Layer Determine Tundra Ecosystem Response To Grazing And Warming", "description": "Herbivory and climate are key environmental drivers, shaping ecosystems at high latitudes. Here, we focus on how these two drivers act in concert, influencing the high arctic tundra. We aim to investigate mechanisms through which herbivory by geese influences vegetation and soil processes in tundra ecosystems under ambient and warmed conditions. To achieve this, two grazing treatments, clipping plus faecal additions and moss removal, were implemented in conjunction with passive warming. Our key finding was that, in many cases, the tundra ecosystem response was determined by treatment impacts on the moss layer. Moss removal reduced the remaining moss layer depth by 30% and increased peak grass biomass by 27%. These impacts were probably due to observed higher soil temperatures and decomposition rates associated with moss removal. The positive impact of moss removal on grass biomass was even greater with warming, further supporting this conclusion. In contrast, moss removal reduced dwarf shrub biomass possibly resulting from increased exposure to desiccating winds. An intact moss layer buffered the soil to increased air temperature and as a result there was no response of vascular plant productivity to warming over the course of this study. In fact, moss removal impacts on soil temperature were nearly double those of warming, suggesting that the moss layer is a key component in controlling soil conditions. The moss layer also absorbed nutrients from faeces, promoting moss growth. We conclude that both herbivory and warming influence this high arctic ecosystem but that herbivory is the stronger driver of the two. Disturbance to the moss layer resulted in a shift towards a more grass-dominated system with less abundant mosses and shrubs, a trend that was further enhanced by warming. Thus herbivore impacts to the moss layer are key to understanding arctic ecosystem response to grazing and warming.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Arctic Regions", "Bryophyta", "Feeding Behavior", "15. Life on land", "Cold Climate", "Poaceae", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Geese", "Animals", "Biomass", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1427-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1427-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1427-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1427-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-04", "title": "Combined Effects Of Precipitation And Nitrogen Deposition On Native And Invasive Winter Annual Production In California Deserts", "description": "Primary production in deserts is limited by soil moisture and N availability, and thus is likely to be influenced by both anthropogenic N deposition and precipitation regimes altered as a consequence of climate change. Invasive annual grasses are particularly responsive to increases in N and water availabilities, which may result in competition with native forb communities. Additionally, conditions favoring increased invasive grass production in arid and semi-arid regions can increase fire risk, negatively impacting woody vegetation that is not adapted to fire. We conducted a seeded garden experiment and a 5-year field fertilization experiment to investigate how winter annual production is altered by increasing N supply under a range of water availabilities. The greatest production of invasive grasses and native forbs in the garden experiment occurred under the highest soil N (inorganic N after fertilization = 2.99 g m(-2)) and highest watering regime, indicating these species are limited by both water and N. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis on the multi-year field fertilization study showed that winter annual biomass was primarily limited by November-December precipitation. Biomass exceeded the threshold capable of carrying fire when inorganic soil N availability was at least 3.2 g m(-2) in pi\u00f1on-juniper woodland. Due to water limitation in creosote bush scrub, biomass exceeded the fire threshold only under very wet conditions regardless of soil N status. The CART analyses also revealed that percent cover of invasive grasses and native forbs is primarily dependent on the timing and amount of precipitation and secondarily dependent on soil N and site-specific characteristics. In total, our results indicate that areas of high N deposition will be susceptible to grass invasion, particularly in wet years, potentially reducing native species cover and increasing the risk of fire.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Schismus", "Non-native", "Bromus", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Fires", "Soil", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Geography", "Ecosystem ecology - Original paper", "Plant Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Water", "Agriculture", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Fuel load", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "Regression Analysis", "Seasons", "Desert Climate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rao, Leela E., Allen, Edith B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qv4f2kn/qt8qv4f2kn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-2097-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-08", "title": "Nitrogen And Water Availability Interact To Affect Leaf Stoichiometry In A Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "The effects of global change factors on the stoichiometric composition of green and senesced plant tissues are critical determinants of ecosystem feedbacks to anthropogenic-driven global change. So far, little is known about species stoichiometric responses to these changes. We conducted a manipulative field experiment with nitrogen (N; 17.5 g m(-2) year(-1)) and water addition (180 mm per growing season) in a temperate steppe of northern China that is potentially highly vulnerable to global change. A unique and important outcome of our study is that water availability modulated plant nutritional and stoichiometric responses to increased N availability. N addition significantly reduced C:N ratios and increased N:P ratios but only under ambient water conditions. Under increased water supply, N addition had no effect on C:N ratios in green and senesced leaves and N:P ratios in senesced leaves, and significantly decreased C:P ratios in both green and senesced leaves and N:P ratios in green leaves. Stoichiometric ratios varied greatly among species. Our results suggest that N and water addition and species identity can affect stoichiometric ratios of both green and senesced tissues through direct and interactive means. Our findings highlight the importance of water availability in modulating stoichiometric responses of plants to potentially increased N availability in semi-arid grasslands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Water", "Mongolia", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Cellular Senescence", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2097-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-2097-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-2097-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-2097-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Legacy Effects Of Drought On Plant Growth And The Soil Food Web", "description": "Soils deliver important ecosystem services, such as nutrient provision for plants and the storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are greatly impacted by drought. Both plants and soil biota affect soil C and N availability, which might in turn affect their response to drought, offering the potential to feed back on each other's performance. In a greenhouse experiment, we compared legacy effects of repeated drought on plant growth and the soil food web in two contrasting land-use systems: extensively managed grassland, rich in C and with a fungal-based food web, and intensively managed wheat lower in C and with a bacterial-based food web. Moreover, we assessed the effect of plant presence on the recovery of the soil food web after drought. Drought legacy effects increased plant growth in both systems, and a plant strongly reduced N leaching. Fungi, bacteria, and their predators were more resilient after drought in the grassland soil than in the wheat soil. The presence of a plant strongly affected the composition of the soil food web, and alleviated the effects of drought for most trophic groups, regardless of the system. This effect was stronger for the bottom trophic levels, whose resilience was positively correlated to soil available C. Our results show that plant belowground inputs have the potential to affect the recovery of belowground communities after drought, with implications for the functions they perform, such as C and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "577", "Biological Availability", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil fauna", "Soil", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "England", "13. Climate action", "Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-19", "title": "Response Of Grassland Biomass Production To Simulated Climate Change And Clipping Along An Elevation Gradient", "description": "Changes in rainfall and temperature regimes are altering plant productivity in grasslands worldwide, and these climate change factors are likely to interact with grassland disturbances, particularly grazing. Understanding how plant production responds to both climate change and defoliation, and how this response varies among grassland types, is important for the long-term sustainability of grasslands. For 4 years, we manipulated temperature [ambient and increased using open-top chambers (OTC)], water (ambient, reduced using rainout shelters and increased using hand watering) and defoliation (clipped, and unclipped) in three grassland types along an elevation gradient. We monitored plant cover and biomass and found that OTC reduced biomass by 15%, but clipping and water treatments interacted with each other and their effects varied in different grassland types. For example, total biomass did not decline in the higher elevation grasslands due to clipping, and water addition mitigated the effects of clipping on subordinate grasses in the lower grasslands. The response of total biomass was driven by dominant plant species while subordinate grasses and forbs showed more variable responses. Overall, our results demonstrate that biomass in the highest elevation grassland was least effected by the treatments and the response of biomass tended to be dependent on interactions between climate change treatments and defoliation. Together, the results suggest that ecosystem function of these grasslands under altered climate patterns will be dependent on site-specific management.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "British Columbia", "Altitude", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-013-2833-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-06", "title": "Influence of ground surface characteristics on the mean radiant temperature in urban areas", "description": "The effect of variations in land cover on mean radiant temperature (T mrt ) is explored through a simple scheme developed within the radiation model SOLWEIG. Outgoing longwave radiation is parameterised using surface temperature observations on a grass and an asphalt surface, whereas outgoing shortwave radiation is modelled through variations in albedo for the different surfaces. The influence of ground surface materials on T mrt is small compared to the effects of shadowing. Nevertheless, altering ground surface materials could contribute to a reduction in T mrt to reduce the radiant load during heat-wave episodes in locations where shadowing is not an option. Evaluation of the new scheme suggests that despite its simplicity it can simulate the outgoing fluxes well, especially during sunny conditions. However, it underestimates at night and in shadowed locations. One grass surface used to develop the parameterisation, with very different characteristics compared to an evaluation grass site, caused T mrt to be underestimated. The implications of using high temporal resolution (e.g. 15 minutes) meteorological forcing data under partly cloudy conditions are demonstrated even for fairly proximal sites.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "London", "11. Sustainability", "Sunlight", "Temperature", "Water", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Hydrocarbons", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/58036/1/IJB_Lindberg_2016.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Biometeorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00484-016-1135-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-14", "title": "Organic Amendments Increase Phylogenetic Diversity Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Acid Soil Contaminated By Trace Elements", "description": "In 1998, a toxic mine spill polluted a 55-km(2) area in a basin southward to Do\u00f1ana National Park (Spain). Subsequent attempts to restore those trace element-contaminated soils have involved physical, chemical, or biological methodologies. In this study, the restoration approach included application of different types and doses of organic amendments: biosolid compost (BC) and leonardite (LEO). Twelve years after the last addition, molecular analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities associated with target plants (Lamarckia aurea and Chrysanthemum coronarium) as well as analyses of trace element concentrations both in soil and in plants were performed. The results showed an improved soil quality reflected by an increase in soil pH and a decrease in trace element availability as a result of the amendments and dosages. Additionally, the phylogenetic diversity of the AM fungal community increased, reaching the maximum diversity at the highest dose of BC. Trace element concentration was considered the predominant soil factor determining the AM fungal community composition. Thereby, the studied AM fungal community reflects a community adapted to different levels of contamination as a result of the amendments. The study highlights the long-term effect of the amendments in stabilizing the soil system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Minerals", "0303 health sciences", "Bioindicator", "Chrysanthemum", "Genetic Variation", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil biodiversity", "Trace element contaminated soils", "Ecosystem restoration", "Mining", "Soil fungal community", "Trace Elements", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "Mine spill", "Bioindicators", "Soil Pollutants", "Phylogeny"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Mycorrhiza", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00572-016-0694-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-12", "title": "Taxonomic Identity, Phylogeny, Climate And Soil Fertility As Drivers Of Leaf Traits Across Chinese Grassland Biomes", "description": "Although broad-scale inter-specific patterns of leaf traits are influenced by climate, soil, and taxonomic identity, integrated assessments of these drivers remain rare. Here, we quantify these drivers in a field study of 171 plant species in 174 sites across Chinese grasslands, including the Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. General linear models were used to partition leaf trait variation. Of the total variation in leaf traits, on average 27% is due to taxonomic or phylogenetic differences among species within sites (pure species effect), 29% to variation among sites within species (pure site effect), 38% to joint effects of taxonomic and environmental factors (shared effect), and 6.2% to within-site and within-species variation. Examining the pure site effect, climate explained 7.8%, soil explained 7.4%, and climate and soil variables together accounted for 11%, leaving 18% of the inter-site variation due to factors other than climate or soil. The results do not support the hypothesis that soil fertility is the 'missing link' to explain leaf trait variation unexplained by climatic factors. Climate- and soil-induced leaf adaptations occur mostly among species, and leaf traits vary little within species in Chinese grassland plants, despite strongly varying climate and soil conditions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Climate", "Soil fertility", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Soil", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "Species Specificity", "1110 Plant Science", "Tibetan Plateau", "Leaf economics spectrum", "functional traits", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "2. Zero hunger", "photosynthesis", "soil fertility", "Inner Mongolia (China)", "15. Life on land", "Plant Leaves", "Inner Mongolia", "Linear Models", "leaf economics", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "Functional traits"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10265-009-0294-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-014-3898-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-14", "title": "The Effects Of Grassland Degradation On Plant Diversity, Primary Productivity, And Soil Fertility In The Alpine Region Of Asia'S Headwaters", "description": "A 3-year survey was conducted to explore the relationships among plant composition, productivity, and soil fertility characterizing four different degradation stages of an alpine meadow in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, China. Results showed that plant species diversity, productivity, and soil fertility of the top 30-cm soil layer significantly declined with degradation stages of alpine meadow over the study period. The productivity of forbs significantly increased with degradation stages, and the soil potassium stock was not affected by grassland degradation. The vegetation composition gradually shifted from perennial graminoids (grasses and sedges) to annual forbs along the degradation gradient. The abrupt change of response in plant diversity, plant productivity, and soil nutrients was demonstrated after heavy grassland degradation. Moreover, degradation can indicate plant species diversity and productivity through changing soil fertility. However, the clear relationships are difficult to establish. In conclusion, degradation influenced ecosystem function and services, such as plant species diversity, productivity, and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. Additionally, both plant species diversity and soil nutrients were important predictors in different degradation stages of alpine meadows. To this end, heavy degradation grade was shown to cause shift of plant community in alpine meadow, which provided an important basis for sustaining ecosystem function, manipulating the vegetation composition of the area and restoring the degraded alpine grassland.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "China", "Nitrogen", "Plant Development", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xukun Su, Yuanyuan Li, Shikui Dong, Bing Yang, Xuexia Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3898-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-014-3898-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-014-3898-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-014-3898-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-11", "description": "Sandy grassland restoration is a vital process including re-structure of soils, restoration of vegetation, and soil functioning in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil fungal community is a complex and critical component of soil functioning and ecological balance due to its roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling following sandy grassland restoration. In this study, soil fungal community and its relationship with environmental factors were examined along a habitat gradient of sandy grassland restoration: mobile dunes (MD), semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD), and grassland (G). It was found that species abundance, richness, and diversity of fungal community increased along with the sandy grassland restoration. The sequences analysis suggested that most of the fungal species (68.4 %) belonged to the phylum of Ascomycota. The three predominant fungal species were Pleospora herbarum, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, and Deconica Montana, accounting for more than one fourth of all the 38 species. Geranomyces variabilis was the subdominant species in MD, Pseudogymnoascus destructans and Mortierella alpine were the subdominant species in SFD, and P. destructans and Fungi incertae sedis were the dominant species in FD and G. The result from redundancy analysis (RDA) and stepwise regression analysis indicated that the vegetation characteristics and soil properties explain a significant proportion of the variation in the fungal community, and aboveground biomass and C:N ratio are the key factors to determine soil fungal community composition during sandy grassland restoration. It was suggested that the restoration of sandy grassland combined with vegetation and soil properties improved the soil fungal diversity. Also, the dominant species was found to be alternative following the restoration of sandy grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Soil", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Desert Climate", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-015-5031-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-17", "description": "As the main form of land use and human disturbance of grassland, livestock grazing has great influences on the soil resources and plant communities. This study observed the variation of soil properties and community characteristics of four treatments of different grazing intensity (no grazing, UG; light grazing, LG; moderate grazing, MG; and heavy grazing, HG) in an alpine meadow of Sichuan Province on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that grazing increased the pH, soil bulk density (BD), and contents of total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), and the BD increased while the others decreased with the grazing intensity. At the community level, with the increase of the grazing intensity, the vegetation coverage (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.61, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), mean height of community (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), aboveground biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.54, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), litter biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.84, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and percentage of aboveground biomass of palatable grasses to total biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.74, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) significantly decreased, while the belowground biomass (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.72, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio (R 2\u00a0=\u00a00.65, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) increased. The species richness was the greatest at LG and the total biomass at UG. With grazing, the dominant species of the plant community shifted from palatable grasses (Gramineae and Cyperaceae) to unpalatable grasses (Compositae and Ranunculaceae). Based on the results, LG may be the optimal grassland management mode to be used in the long time in the alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Livestock", "Nitrogen", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Herbivory"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-016-5663-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12189", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Stocks And Carbon Sequestration Rates In Seminatural Grassland In Aso Region, Kumamoto, Southern Japan", "description": "AbstractGlobal soil carbon (C) stocks account for approximately three times that found in the atmosphere. In the Aso mountain region of Southern Japan, seminatural grasslands have been maintained by annual harvests and/or burning for more than 1000\uffc2\uffa0years. Quantification of soil C stocks and C sequestration rates in Aso mountain ecosystem is needed to make well\uffe2\uff80\uff90informed, land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use decisions to maximize C sinks while minimizing C emissions. Soil cores were collected from six sites within 200\uffc2\uffa0km2 (767\uffe2\uff80\uff93937\uffc2\uffa0m asl.) from the surface down to the k\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ah layer established 7300\uffc2\uffa0years ago by a volcanic eruption. The biological sources of the C stored in the Aso mountain ecosystem were investigated by combining C content at a number of sampling depths with age (using 14C dating) and \uffce\uffb413C isotopic fractionation. Quantification of plant phytoliths at several depths was used to make basic reconstructions of past vegetation and was linked with C\uffe2\uff80\uff90sequestration rates. The mean total C stock of all six sites was 232\uffc2\uffa0Mg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (28\uffe2\uff80\uff93417\uffc2\uffa0Mg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which equates to a soil C sequestration rate of 32\uffc2\uffa0kg C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 over 7300\uffc2\uffa0years. Mean soil C sequestration rates over 34, 50 and 100\uffc2\uffa0years were estimated by an equation regressing soil C sequestration rate against soil C accumulation interval, which was modeled to be 618, 483 and 332\uffc2\uffa0kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. Such data allows for a deeper understanding in how much C could be sequestered in Miscanthus grasslands at different time scales. In Aso, tribe Andropogoneae (especially Miscanthus and Schizoachyrium genera) and tribe Paniceae contributed between 64% and 100% of soil C based on \uffce\uffb413C abundance. We conclude that the seminatural, C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated grassland system serves as an important C sink, and worthy of future conservation.
", "keywords": ["470", "2. Zero hunger", "plant phytolith", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Miscanthus sinensis", "soil 14C dating", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "soil carbon sequestration", "Japan", "13. Climate action", "\u03b413C", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "C4 plant"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12189"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12189", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-15", "title": "Surveying the mugineic acid family: Ion mobility \u2013 quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOFMS) characterization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) quantification of all eight naturally occurring phytosiderophores", "description": "Phytosiderophores (PS) are root exudates released by grass species (Poaceae) that play a pivotal role in iron (Fe) plant nutrition. A direct determination of PS in biological samples is of paramount importance in understanding micronutrient acquisition mediated by PS. To date, eight plant-born PS have been identified; however, no analytical procedure is currently available to quantify all eight PS simultaneously with high analytical confidence. With access to the full set of PS standards for the first time, we report comprehensive methods to both fully characterize (IM-QTOFMS) and quantify (LC-ESI-MS/MS) all eight naturally occurring PS belonging to the mugineic acid family. The quantitative method was fully validated, yielding linear results for all eight analytes, and no unwanted interferences with soil and plant matrices were observed. LOD and LOQ values determined for each PS were below 11 and 35\u00a0nmol\u00a0L-1, respectively. The method's precision under reproducibility conditions (intra- and inter-day) of measurement was less than 2.5% RSD for all analytes. Additionally, all PS were annotated with high-resolution mass spectrometric fragment spectra and further characterized via drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry. The collision cross-sections obtained for primary ion species yielded a valuable database for future research focused on in-depth PS studies. The new quantitative method was applied to analyse root exudates from Fe-controlled and deficient barley, oat, rye, and sorghum plants. All eight PS, including mugineic acid (MA), 3'-hydroxymugineic acid (HMA), 3'-epi-hydroxymugineic acid (epi-HMA), hydroxyavenic acid (HAVA), deoxymugineic acid (DMA), 3'-hydroxydeoxymugineic acid (HDMA), 3'-epi-hydroxydeoxymugineic acid (epi-HDMA) and avenic acid (AVA) were for the first time successfully identified and quantified in root exudates of various graminaceous plants using a single analytical procedure. These newly developed methods can be applied to studies aimed at improving crop yield and micronutrient grain content for food consumption via plant-based biofortification.", "keywords": ["Tandem Mass Spectrometry", "Reproducibility of Results", "Micronutrients", "Poaceae", "Edible Grain"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytica%20Chimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.aca.2023.341718"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-24", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Grazing Disturbance On The Belowground Storage Of Organic Carbon In The Patagonian Monte, Argentina", "description": "The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of grazing disturbance on the amount and the spatial distribution (vertical and horizontal) of root biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) in order to evaluate whether grazing alters the belowground storage of organic carbon (C) in arid rangelands of the Patagonian Monte. We selected three representative sites (3\u00a0ha each) with low, moderate and high grazing disturbance located far, mid-distance and near the watering point, respectively, in rangelands submitted to sheep grazing for more than 100 years. We assessed the canopy structure and identified the four most frequent plant patch types at each site. We selected four replications of each patch type and extracted a soil sample (0-30\u00a0cm depth) underneath the canopy and in the middle of the nearest inter-patch bare soil area in winter and summer. We assessed the root and soil dry mass and the respective organic C concentration in each sample and then we estimated the total belowground organic C storage at each site. Total plant and perennial grass cover were lower with high than low grazing disturbance while the reverse occurred with dwarf shrub cover. High grazing disturbance led to the increase in total root biomass in the whole soil profile of patch areas and in the upper soil of inter-patch areas. SOC was higher in patch than in inter-patch areas at all sites but at both areas was reduced with high grazing disturbance. This was probably the result of the low total plant cover and the low and recalcitrant contribution of above and below-ground plant litter to soils at sites with high grazing disturbance. Accordingly, these changes did not result in variations in the total belowground organic C storage. We concluded that high grazing disturbance did not affect the total belowground organic C storage but led to changes in the spatial patterning of this organic C storage (i.e shifting from soil to roots).", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Sheep", "Arid Ecosystems", "Argentina", "Plant Development", "15. Life on land", "Deciduous Shrubs", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Plant Patches", "Soil Organic Carbon", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Animals", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Root Biomass", "Dwarf Shrubs", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Larreguy, Cecilia, Carrera, Anal\u00eda Lorena, Bertiller, Monica Beatriz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-30", "title": "Effects Of Environmental Factors On N2o Emission From And Ch4 Uptake By The Typical Grasslands In The Inner Mongolia", "description": "The fluxes of N2O emission from and CH4 uptake by the typical semi-arid grasslands in the Inner Mongolia, China were measured in 1998-1999. Three steppes, i.e. the ungrazed Leymus chinensis (LC), the moderately grazed Leymus chinensis (LC) and the ungrazed Stipa grandis (SG), were investigated, at a measurement frequency of once per week in the growing seasons and once per month in the non-growing seasons of the LC steppes. In addition, four diurnal-cycles of the growing seasons of the LC steppes, each in an individual stage of grass growth, were measured. The investigated steppes play a role of source for the atmospheric N2O and sink for the atmospheric CH4, with a N2O emission flux of 0.06-0.21 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and a CH4 uptake flux of 1.8-2.3 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1). Soil moisture primarily and positively regulates the spatial and seasonal variability of N2O emission. The usual difference in soil moisture among various semi-arid steppes does not lead to significantly different CH4 uptake intensities. Soil moisture, however, negatively regulates the seasonal variability in CH4 uptake. Soil temperature of the most top layer might be the primary driving factor for CH4 uptake when soil moisture is relatively low. The annual net emission of N2O and CH4 from the ungrazed LC steppe, the moderately grazed LC steppe and the ungrazed SG steppe is at a CO2 equivalent rate of 7.7, 0.8 and -7.5 kg CO2-C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, which is at an ignorable level. This implies that the role of the semi-arid grasslands in the atmospheric greenhouse effect in terms of net emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) may exclusively depend upon the net exchange of net ecosystem CO2 exchange.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Time Factors", "Atmosphere", "Nitrous Oxide", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-15", "title": "Effects Of Short-Term Invasion Of Spartina Alterniflora And The Subsequent Restoration Of Native Mangroves On The Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Stock", "description": "The exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora has severely invaded the mangrove wetlands in southern China and ecological restoration using native mangroves was conducted in an attempt to control this invasive species. In this study, the contents and pools of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were quantified to investigate the invasive effects of S.\u00a0alterniflora and then to evaluate whether the ecological restoration of native mangrove could reverse those effects. S.\u00a0alterniflora only showed significantly higher organic carbon content in the surface 0-10\u00a0cm of soil than in the uninvaded mudflat. The high \u03b413C values in the surface soil of the invaded habitat demonstrated that S.\u00a0alterniflora contributed 42.6-62.2% of the organic carbon. The SOC for invasive S.\u00a0alterniflora and newly restored mangroves (4 years and 14 years) was not enhanced in comparison to the unvegetated mudflat. S.\u00a0alterniflora significantly increased the surface soil TN content, but decreased the available phosphorus content and TP density. The TN densities increased gradually with the mangrove restoration, while the TP densities were only slightly influenced. The results suggested that short-term invasion of S.\u00a0alterniflora and subsequent mangrove restoration did not alter SOC or TN pool sizes, but S.\u00a0alterniflora was shown to affect the potential carbon storage capacity produced by the mangroves in the Zhangjiang Estuary.", "keywords": ["China", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Wetlands", "Estuaries", "Introduced Species", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-07", "title": "Fluxes Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 In A Meadow Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Ozone And Carbon Dioxide For Three Years", "description": "Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "Climate", "elevated carbon dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "elevated ozone", "Poaceae", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "niityt", "open-top chambers", "kohotettu otsonipitoisuus", "typen oksidit", "Magnoliopsida", "Oxidants", " Photochemical", "Ozone", "greenhouse gases", "Soil Pollutants", "otsoni", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Fabaceae", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "004", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "avoin kammio", "Environmental Pollutants", "Ka", "Seasons", "kohotettu hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Methane", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-29", "title": "Growth Of Lygeum Spartum In Acid Mine Tailings: Response Of Plants Developed From Seedlings, Rhizomes And At Field Conditions", "description": "Lygeum spartum is a native species in semiarid Mediterranean areas that grows spontaneously on acid mine tailings. We aimed to study the suitability of this plant for phytostabilization. L. spartum was grown from both seeds and rhizomes in acid mine tailings with various fertilizer and lime treatments. Untreated soils had a solution pH of 2.9 with high concentrations of dissolved salts (Electrical Conductivity 25 dS m(-1)) and Zn (3100 mg L(-1)). Plants grown on untreated soil had high shoot metal concentrations (>4000 mg kg(-1)Zn). Liming increased the solution pH to 5.5 and reduced the dissolved salts by more than 75%, resulting in lower shoot metal accumulation. Plants grown from rhizomes accumulated less metal than those grown from seeds. Plants collected in the field had metal concentrations an order of magnitude less than plants raised in the growth chamber. These differences may be due to the higher moisture content and homogeneous nature of the soils used in the pot experiment.", "keywords": ["Anions", "Waste Products", "Oxides", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Calcium Compounds", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Plant Leaves", "Soil", "Zinc", "Seedlings", "Cations", "Metals", " Heavy", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Plant Shoots", "Rhizome", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-14", "title": "Arsenic Mobility In Brownfield Soils Amended With Green Waste Compost Or Biochar And Planted With Miscanthus", "description": "Degraded land that is historically contaminated from different sources of industrial waste provides an opportunity for conversion to bioenergy fuel production and also to increase sequestration of carbon in soil through organic amendments. In pot experiments, As mobility was investigated in three different brownfield soils amended with green waste compost (GWC, 30% v/v) or biochar (BC, 20% v/v), planted with Miscanthus. Using GWC improved crop yield but had little effect on foliar As uptake, although the proportion of As transferred from roots to foliage differed considerably between the three soils. It also increased dissolved carbon concentrations in soil pore water that influenced Fe and As mobility. Effects of BC were less pronounced, but the impacts of both amendments on SOC, Fe, P and pH are likely to be critical in the context of As leaching to ground water. Growing Miscanthus had no measurable effect on As mobility.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Charcoal", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Adsorption", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-25", "title": "Effects Of Grassland Conversion To Croplands On Soil Organic Carbon In The Temperate Inner Mongolia", "description": "This study investigated the effects of grassland conversion to croplands on soil organic carbon (SOC) in a typical grassland-dominated basin of the Inner Mongolia using direct field samplings. The results indicated that SOC contents decreased usually with increasing soil depth, with significant differences between the upper horizons (0-30cm) and the underlying horizons (30-100cm). Also, SOC densities decreased with an increase in the depth of soils. Average SOC densities in the upper horizons were 2.6-3.7 and 6.0-8.3kgCm(-2) for desert grassland-cropland sites (sites 1 and 2) and meadow-cropland sites (sites 3 and 4), respectively, with significant differences between grasslands and croplands (P<0.05). However, the SOC densities in the underlying horizons did not significantly differ between the land uses. The SOC densities up to 100cm depth were much higher in the meadow-cropland sites than in the desert grassland-cropland sites, reaching approximately 16 and 6kgCm(-2), respectively. The SOC: total nitrogen (TN) ratios were approximately 10, with no significant difference among the soil horizons of grasslands and croplands. The conversion of grasslands to croplands induced a slight loss of SOC, with a range of from -4% to 22% for the 0-100cm soil depth over about a 35-year period, in the temperate Inner Mongolia.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Soil", "Climate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Carbon", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-19", "title": "The Effects Of Fencing On Carbon Stocks In The Degraded Alpine Grasslands Of The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Quantifying the carbon storage of grasslands under different management strategies can help us understand how this ecosystem responds to different land management practices. To assess the C cycle and the importance of soil microbial biomass carbon, we measured the levels of soil organic carbon, biomass carbon (above- and underground) and soil microbial biomass carbon in areas with different grazing intensities and different management strategy (fenced and unfenced) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We also calculated the ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as an indicator of the soil organic matter availability and quality. Results showed that degradation had significant effects on the soil organic carbon, biomass carbon and microbial biomass carbon (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). However, fencing only had a significant effect on the non-degraded and moderately degraded grasslands (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05). We also found that the level of soil microbial biomass carbon was positively correlated with the biomass carbon and soil organic carbon. From our research, we concluded that the level of soil microbial biomass carbon was crucial to the C cycle in the alpine grasslands and that fencing may be an important management strategy for restoring lightly or moderately degraded grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Tibet", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yu Wu, Shikui Dong, Shikui Dong, Yuanyuan Li, Lu Wen, Xuexia Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-09", "title": "Drought stress obliterates the preference for ammonium as an N source in the C 4 plant Spartina alterniflora", "description": "The C4 grass Spartina alterniflora is known for its unique salt tolerance and strong preference for ammonium (NH4+) as a nitrogen (N) source. We here examined whether Spartina's unique preference for NH4+ results in improved performance under drought stress. Manipulative greenhouse experiments were carried out to measure the effects of variable water availability and inorganic N sources on plant performance (growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant, and N metabolism). Drought strongly reduced leaf number and area, plant fresh and dry weight, and photosynthetic activity on all N sources, but the reduction was most pronounced on NH4+. Indeed, the growth advantage seen on NH4+ in the absence of drought, producing nearly double the biomass compared to growth on NO3-, was entirely obliterated under both intermediate and severe drought conditions (50 and 25% field capacity, respectively). Both fresh and dry weight became indistinguishable among N sources under drought. Major markers of the antioxidant capacity of the plant, the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, showed higher constitutive levels on NH4+. Catalase and glutathione reductase were specifically upregulated in NH4+-fed plants with increasing drought stress. This upregulation, however, failed to protect the plants from drought stress. Nitrogen metabolism was characterized by lower constitutive levels of glutamine synthetase in NH4+-fed plants, and a rise in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity under drought, accompanied by elevated proline levels in leaves. Our results support postulates on the important role of GDH induction, and its involvement in the synthesis of compatible solutes, under abiotic stress. We show that, despite this metabolic shift, S. alterniflora's sensitivity to drought does not benefit from growth on NH4+ and that the imposition of drought stress equalizes all N-source-related growth differences observed under non-drought conditions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Superoxide Dismutase", "15. Life on land", "Catalase", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Ascorbate Peroxidases", "Glutamate Dehydrogenase", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Ammonium Compounds", "Photosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.067", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-26", "title": "The Fluxes Of Co2 From Grazed And Fenced Temperate Steppe During Two Drought Years On The Inner Mongolia Plateau, China", "description": "The CO(2) flux was measured by the eddy covariance method on a temperate Leymus chinensis steppe over a period of 17 months spanning two consecutive growing seasons. The amount of precipitation was nearly normal, but it was low in the early and high in the late growing period in 2006. In the 2007 growing season, the amount of precipitation was about 45% less than the multi-year average and more evenly distributed. Comparisons were made between a moderately grazed site and a 28-year-old fenced site. The maximum instantaneous CO(2) release and uptake rates were 0.12 (May) and -0.11mg CO(2)m(-2)s(-1) (July) at the fenced site, and 0.11 and -0.16mg CO(2)m(-2)s(-1) (both in July) at the grazed site. In both growing seasons, the grazed site always had a higher daily uptake rate or lower release rate than the fenced site. The grazed site was a CO(2) sink during the growing season of 2007 and a CO(2) source in the growing season of 2006, whereas the fenced site was a CO(2) source in both seasons. Lower precipitation decreased CO(2) loss during the growing season more in the grazed site than in the fenced site, mainly because of depression of total ecosystem respiration (R(e)) in the former and stimulation in the latter. During the dormant season (from October to April), the fenced and grazed sites released 60.0 and 32.4g of C per m(2), respectively. Path analysis showed that temperature had the greatest effect on daily variation of ecosystem CO(2) exchange during the growing seasons at the two study sites. The results suggest that decrease of precipitation and/or increase of temperature will likely promote C loss from L. chinensis steppes, whether fenced or grazed, and that a grazed site is more sensitive.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon Cycle", "Droughts", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Seasons", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.067", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "Warming And Increased Precipitation Have Differential Effects On Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities In A Temperate Grassland", "description": "Few studies have conducted the responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) to climate change, especially over the long term. In this study, we investigated the six-year responses of soil EEA to warming and increased precipitation in a temperate grassland of northern China at two depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. These extracellular enzymes included carbon-acquisition enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, BG), nitrogen-acquisition enzymes (N-acetylglucosaminidase, NAG; Leucine aminopeptidase, LAP) and phosphorus-acquisition enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatases). The results showed that warming significantly increased acid phosphatase at the 0-10 cm depth and NAG at the 10-20 cm depth, but dramatically decreased BG and acid phosphatase in the subsurface. In contrast, increased precipitation significantly increased NAG, LAP and alkaline phosphatase in the surface and NAG, LAP and acid phosphatase in the subsurface. There was a significant warming and increased precipitation interaction on BG in the subsurface. Redundancy analysis indicated that the patterns of EEA were mainly driven by soil pH and NH(4)(+)-N and NO(3)(-)-N in the surface, while by NH(4)(+)-N and microbial biomass in the subsurface. Our results suggested that soil EEA responded differentially to warming and increased precipitation at two depths in this region, which may have implications for carbon and nutrient cycling under climate change.", "keywords": ["570", "China", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Acid Phosphatase", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Enzymes", "Leucyl Aminopeptidase", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "Acetylglucosaminidase", "Cellulases", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-25", "title": "Heavy Metal Content In Ash Of Energy Crops Growing In Sewage-Contaminated Natural Wetlands: Potential Applications In Agriculture And Forestry?", "description": "One of the greatest current challenges is to find cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions to the ever increasing needs of modern society. Some plant species are suitable for a multitude of biotechnological applications such as bioenergy production and phytoremediation. A sustainable practice is to use energy crops to clean up polluted lands or to treat wastewater in constructed wetlands without claiming further arable land for biofuel production. However, the disposal of combustion by-products may add significant costs to the whole process, especially when it deals with toxic waste. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of recycling ash from energy biomass as a fertilizer for agriculture and forestry. In particular, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were analyzed in the plant tissues and corresponding ash of the grasses Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, collected in an urban stream affected by domestic sewage. Results showed that the metal concentration in ash is 1.5-3 times as high as the values in plant tissues. However, metal enriched ash showed much lower element concentrations than the legal limits for ash reutilization in agriculture and forestry. This study found that biomass ash from constructed wetlands may be considered as a potential fertilizer rather than hazardous waste. Energy from biomass can be a really sustainable and clean option not only through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also through ash recycling for beneficial purposes, thus minimizing the negative impacts of disposal.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sewage", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Incineration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "bionenergy; ashes; reeds", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Italy", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Metals", " Heavy", "Wetlands", "Ash; Constructed wetlands; Energy biomass; Macrophytes; Recycling; Trace elements", "11. Sustainability", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/16444/1/Ash_Science_2013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-11", "title": "Response Of Microbial Community Structure And Function To Short-Term Biochar Amendment In An Intensively Managed Bamboo (Phyllostachys Praecox) Plantation Soil: Effect Of Particle Size And Addition Rate", "description": "Biochar incorporated into soil has been known to affect soil nutrient availability and act as a habitat for microorganisms, both of which could be related to its particle size. However, little is known about the effect of particle size on soil microbial community structure and function. To investigate short-term soil microbial responses to biochar addition having varying particle sizes and addition rates, we established a laboratory incubation study. Biochar produced via pyrolysis of bamboo was ground into three particle sizes (diameter size<0.05mm (fine), 0.05-1.0mm (medium) and 1.0-2.0mm (coarse)) and amended at rates of 0% (control), 3% and 9% (w/w) in an intensively managed bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) plantation soil. The results showed that the fine particle biochar resulted in significantly higher soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available potassium (K) concentrations than the medium and coarse particle sizes. The fine-sized biochar also induced significantly higher total microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) concentrations by 60.28% and 88.94% than the medium and coarse particles regardless of addition rate, respectively. Redundancy analysis suggested that the microbial community structures were largely dependent of particle size, and that improved soil properties were key factors shaping them. The cumulative CO2 emissions from biochar-amended soils were 2-56% lower than the control and sharply decreased with increasing addition rates and particle sizes. Activities of \u03b1-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-xylosidase, N-acetyl-\u03b2-glucosaminidase, peroxidase and dehydrogenase decreased by ranging from 7% to 47% in biochar-amended soils over the control, indicating that biochar addition reduced enzyme activities involved carbon cycling capacity. Our results suggest that biochar addition can affect microbial population abundances, community structure and enzyme activities, that these effects are particle size and rate dependent. The fine particle biochar may additionally produce a better habitat for microorganisms compared to the other particle sizes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Particle Size", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-20", "title": "Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth", "description": "Plastic residues have become a serious environmental problem in the regions with intensive use of plastic mulching. Even though plastic mulch is widely used, the effects of macro- and micro- plastic residues on the soil-plant system and the agroecosystem are largely unknown. In this study, low density polyethylene and one type of starch-based biodegradable plastic mulch film were selected and used as examples of macro- and micro- sized plastic residues. A pot experiment was performed in a climate chamber to determine what effect mixing 1% concentration of residues of these plastics with sandy soil would have on wheat growth in the presence and absence of earthworms. The results showed that macro- and micro- plastic residues affected both above-ground and below-ground parts of the wheat plant during both vegetative and reproductive growth. The type of plastic mulch films used had a strong effect on wheat growth with the biodegradable plastic mulch showing stronger negative effects as compared to polyethylene. The presence of earthworms had an overall positive effect on the wheat growth and chiefly alleviated the impairments made by plastic residues.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biodegradable mulch film", "Plastic residues", "Agroecosystem", "Microplastics", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "international", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Triticum", "Plant growth", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177760", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-30", "title": "S-enhanced microbial activation of biochars and processed grass fibers for circular horticulture", "description": "Sulfur-enhanced microbiologically activated biochar and processed grass fibers were tested for suitability as bulk material for horticultural substrates. The potential for use as bulk material was improved when grass fibers with lower biological stability were acidified with elemental sulfur (S). Acidification of the fibers with S was obtained within 2\u00a0weeks and resulted in a higher biological stability due to improved decomposition during incubation with S, a change in the microbiome, or inhibition due to high sulfate concentrations, which reduced the decomposition activity. The application of wood-based biochars as bulk or stand-alone material for horticultural substrates is restricted by their high pH and high acid-buffering capacity. Acidification of biochar through microbial activation occurred slowly. The dynamics of lowering pH after S treatment were determined by the acid-buffering capacity of the biochar. In the long term a strong drop in pH was observed in biochars with a low acid-buffering capacity. For the biochars with a high acid-buffering capacity, pH drop was moderate despite a clear decrease in acid-buffering capacity. The microbial activation of biochar was accelerated by adding mineral fertilizer or chitin. Microbial activation of the biochars was confirmed by S mineralization after application of elemental S and by N mineralization from chitin. The acidification of biochars produced from bark or straw-like fiber with elemental S resulted in only small changes in surface properties.", "keywords": ["Charcoal", "Agriculture", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Poaceae", "Fertilizers", "Sulfur"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177760"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177760", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177760", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177760"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/95gb02148", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-04", "title": "Belowground Cycling Of Carbon In Forests And Pastures Of Eastern Amazonia", "description": "Forests in seasonally dry areas of eastern Amazonia near Paragominas, Par\uffc3\uffa1, Brazil, maintain an evergreen forest canopy through an extended dry season by taking up soil water through deep (>1 m) roots. Belowground allocation of C in these deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooting forests is very large (1900 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) relative to litterfall (460 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The presence of live roots drives an active carbon cycle deeper than l m in the soil. Although bulk C concentrations and 14C contents of soil organic matter at >l\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depths are low, estimates of turnover from fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root inputs, CO2 production, and the 14C content of CO2 produced at depth show that up to 15% of the carbon inventory in the deep soil has turnover times of decades or less. Thus the amount of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling soil carbon between 1 and 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depths (2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, out of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff9318 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) is significant compared to the amount present in the upper meter of soil (3\uffe2\uff80\uff934 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 out of 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311 kg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). A model of belowground carbon cycling derived from measurements of carbon stocks and fluxes, and constrained using carbon isotopes, is used to predict C fluxes associated with conversion of deep\uffe2\uff80\uff90rooting forests to pasture and subsequent pasture management. The relative proportions and turnover times of active (including detrital plant material; 1\uffe2\uff80\uff933 year turnover), slow (decadal and shorter turnover), and passive (centennial to millennial turnover) soil organic matter pools are determined by depth for the forest soil, using constraints from measurements of C stocks, fluxes, and isotopic content. Reduced carbon inputs to the soil in degraded pastures, which are less productive than the forests they replace, lead to a reduction in soil carbon inventory and \uffce\uff9414C, in accord with observations. Managed pastures, which have been fertilized with phosphorous and planted with more productive grasses, show increases in C and 14C over forest values. Carbon inventory increases in the upper meter of managed pasture soils are partially offset by predicted carbon losses due to death and decomposition of fine forest roots at depths >1 m in the soil. The major adjustments in soil carbon inventory in response to land management changes occur within the first decade after conversion. Carbon isotopes are shown to be more sensitive indicators of recent accumulation or loss of soil organic matter than direct measurement of soil C inventories.
", "keywords": ["cycling", "decomposition", "model", "rooting", "carbon", "belowground carbon cycling", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "soil", "pasture", "forest", "Amazonia", "soil organic matter", "death", "tropical soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "Brazil", "organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1zb7d8kx/qt1zb7d8kx.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/95gb02148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/95gb02148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/95gb02148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/95gb02148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/35040544", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:20:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "Elevated Co2 Increases Productivity And Invasive Species Success In An Arid Ecosystem", "description": "Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 20% of the earth's terrestrial surface area, have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystem types to elevated atmospheric CO2 and associated global climate change. Here we show, using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology in an intact Mojave Desert ecosystem, that new shoot production of a dominant perennial shrub is doubled by a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration in a high rainfall year. However, elevated CO2 does not enhance production in a drought year. We also found that above-ground production and seed rain of an invasive annual grass increases more at elevated CO2 than in several species of native annuals. Consequently, elevated CO2 might enhance the long-term success and dominance of exotic annual grasses in the region. This shift in species composition in favour of exotic annual grasses, driven by global change, has the potential to accelerate the fire cycle, reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem function in the deserts of western North America.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Fire cycle", "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment", "Invasive species", "Mojave desert", "Water availability", "Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)", "Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "13. 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The net impact of increased CO2 on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is unclear, however, because elevated CO2 effects on carbon input to soils and plant use of water and nutrients often have contrasting effects on microbial processes. Here we show suppression of microbial decomposition in an annual grassland after continuous exposure to increased CO2 for five growing seasons. The increased CO2 enhanced plant nitrogen uptake, microbial biomass carbon, and available carbon for microbes. But it reduced available soil nitrogen, exacerbated nitrogen constraints on microbes, and reduced microbial respiration per unit biomass. These results indicate that increased CO2 can alter the interaction between plants and microbes in favour of plant utilization of nitrogen, thereby slowing microbial decomposition and increasing ecosystem carbon accumulation.", "keywords": ["Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. 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However, such carbon storage depends on feedbacks between plant responses to C(a) and nutrient availability. Here we present evidence that soil carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in a grassland ecosystem are much more responsive to increases in past C(a) than to those forecast for the coming century. Along a continuous gradient of 200 to 550 micromol mol(-1) (refs 9, 10), increased C(a) promoted higher photosynthetic rates and altered plant tissue chemistry. Soil carbon was lost at subambient C(a), but was unchanged at elevated C(a) where losses of old soil carbon offset increases in new carbon. Along the experimental gradient in C(a) there was a nonlinear, threefold decrease in nitrogen availability. The differences in sensitivity of carbon storage to historical and future C(a) and increased nutrient limitation suggest that the passive sequestration of carbon in soils may have been important historically, but the ability of soils to continue as sinks is limited.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Oxygen", "Soil", "13. 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For this reason, shrub and forest expansion (for example, into grasslands) is also suggested to be a substantial, if uncertain, component of the terrestrial carbon sink. Here we investigate woody plant invasion along a precipitation gradient (200 to 1,100 mm yr(-1)) by comparing carbon and nitrogen budgets and soil delta(13)C profiles between six pairs of adjacent grasslands, in which one of each pair was invaded by woody species 30 to 100 years ago. We found a clear negative relationship between precipitation and changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen content when grasslands were invaded by woody vegetation, with drier sites gaining, and wetter sites losing, soil organic carbon. Losses of soil organic carbon at the wetter sites were substantial enough to offset increases in plant biomass carbon, suggesting that current land-based assessments may overestimate carbon sinks. Assessments relying on carbon stored from woody plant invasions to balance emissions may therefore be incorrect.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Wood", "Carbon", "Ecosystem", "Trees"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00910"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/nature00910", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/nature00910", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/nature00910"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/nature00910,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-25T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-09-18", "title": "Ecosystem Carbon Loss With Woody Plant Invasion Of Grasslands", "description": "The invasion of woody vegetation into deserts, grasslands and savannas is generally thought to lead to an increase in the amount of carbon stored in those ecosystems. For this reason, shrub and forest expansion (for example, into grasslands) is also suggested to be a substantial, if uncertain, component of the terrestrial carbon sink. Here we investigate woody plant invasion along a precipitation gradient (200 to 1,100 mm yr(-1)) by comparing carbon and nitrogen budgets and soil delta(13)C profiles between six pairs of adjacent grasslands, in which one of each pair was invaded by woody species 30 to 100 years ago. We found a clear negative relationship between precipitation and changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen content when grasslands were invaded by woody vegetation, with drier sites gaining, and wetter sites losing, soil organic carbon. Losses of soil organic carbon at the wetter sites were substantial enough to offset increases in plant biomass carbon, suggesting that current land-based assessments may overestimate carbon sinks. Assessments relying on carbon stored from woody plant invasions to balance emissions may therefore be incorrect.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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