{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-10", "title": "Organic And Inorganic P Reserves In Rain-Fed And Irrigated Calcareous Soils Under Long-Term Organic And Conventional Agriculture", "description": "Abstract In low input farming systems the reserves of organic and inorganic P may be a significant source of P to crops. To clarify this we investigated organic and inorganic P reserves in an array of irrigated and rain-fed calcareous soils of grassy crops, with long term organic or conventional farming practices. Organic P (Po) reserves appeared to be more sensitive than inorganic P reserves to changes in soil fertilisation regime. Organic P reserves were sensitive to the quantity of P added, rather than to the quality of the input. In soils receiving manures, there was no correlation between organic P reserves and soil organic C and N or soil carbonate content. In contrast, inorganic P reserves in soils receiving manure were positively linked to soil total N and to organic C (in irrigated organic soils) and negatively to carbonate content. This suggests that the accumulation of inorganic P pools in calcareous soils receiving manure may be enhanced in soils with high organic matter content. As indicated by changes in the N/Po ratio, soil carbonates protected total organic P pools from mineralisation in soils receiving adequate amounts of P fertilisers. In contrast, in soils receiving low amounts of manures we observed low amounts of organic P even in soils with a high carbonate content. Therefore, in conditions of P starvation, organic P reserves protected by carbonates may be slowly mobilised. Despite this mobilisation, in soils receiving low amounts of P, no relationships were observed between labile Pi pools and organic P reserves. In contrast in soils in soils receiving sufficient amounts of P we observed a relationship between organic P reserves and labile Pi pools. In irrigated soils inorganic P reserves were positively correlated with labile P pools, even when fertilisation was moderately low. The application of manure to these latter soils favoured the links between organic P reserves and labile P forms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-23", "title": "Soil Dynamics In Pinus Halepensis Reforestation: Effect Of Microenvironments And Previous Land Use", "description": "Abstract Reforestation with Pinus halepensis has been the most frequently used method for restoring supposedly degraded lands in Mediterranean semiarid areas, a key objective of which is to improve soil conditions to trigger succession. In this paper we study the effect of a 30\u00a0year-old reforestation on lands formerly dedicated to two different uses: shrubland and barley fields. The study area is located in SE Spain in a semiarid area with an annual rainfall of 298\u00a0mm. We hypothesize that the previous land use will influence present day soil characteristics. In addition, reforestations have led to the formation of microenvironments associated to: (i) tree development, which generates a radial gradient of influence; (ii) disturbance by mechanical works with resulting microenvironments such as escarpments, showing a worse initial state and, therefore, slower dynamics. Ten plots were set up on former shrubland and ten on a former barley field. Each plot represented a set of related microenvironments that followed a gradient of tree influence/mechanical disturbance. The microenvironments on former shrubland were: under escarpment (ES), plantation line adjacent to P. halepensis stem (PL), beneath P. halepensis crown (BC), the upper bank where part of the material of the terrace was dumped (UB) and original unaltered hillslope taken as pseudocontrol of the original soil (PC). In the former barley field, only PL, BC and PC microenvironments were present as no terracing was carried out. Pine growth created a strong gradient of litter input in the sequence PL\u00a0>\u00a0BC\u00a0>\u00a0PC which, however, had no significant effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) or other soil variables (except light changes in extractable K and pH). The incorporation of organic matter into the soil was probably delayed by the quality of recalcitrant pine litter and the unfavorable semiarid climate. In addition, disturbance created by reforestation works seems to have been buffered by redistribution of fine particles through short-range erosion and sedimentation. In the external part of the terrace, the values of SOC and extractable Na were higher, accompanied by increased electrical conductivity and decreased pH. The most striking differences found were related to former land use. SOC was three times higher in former shrubland than in former barley field. Likewise, available P was higher in the former barley field and extractable Na was higher in the former shrubland, both apparently related to the pre-reforestation state. The results indicate that soil dynamics thirty years after the reforestation has hardly erased the differences attributable to former land use. Soil dynamics induced by the input of organic matter from trees is slower that expected when the reforestation was planned. We conclude that any future application of reforestation should take into account the slow soil dynamics observed in this study in order to be more effective.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-01", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen As Affected By Vegetation Types In Northern Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "One of the most fragile areas in the China Loess Plateau, is the transitional belt that is subjected to wind and water erosion. The transitional belt accounts for about 30% of the Loess Plateau area. To reduce soil degradation in the Loess Plateau, the Chinese government initiated a state-funded vegetation restoration project in 1999. The effectiveness of this project on transitional belt soils is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of four dominant vegetation types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a selected catchment within the transitional belt. Korshinsk Peashrub (KOP), purple alfalfa (ALF). and natural fallow (NAF) were selected as vegetation restoration types because they have been used widely to remedy soil degradation. The fourth vegetation type selected was millet (MIL) because it has been an important crop in the region. In 2004, four 61 x 5 m plots were established on 12 degrees slope land. The plots were parallel and separated by 80 cm. Based upon soil samples collected in August of 2007, there were large variations in the distributions and stocks of SOC and N across the four vegetation types. Compared with MIL, KOP significantly increased the concentration and stock of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) in 0-100 cm soil profiles, while ALF and NAF were not significantly different. The distributions of SOC and TIN concentrations and stocks of KOP, ALF and NAF were relatively uniform along a hillslope, while there was an increasing trend along the hillslope in MIL This result suggests that ALF and NAF would be beneficial in SOC and TN sequestration over a long-term because of their ability to reduce the loss of SOC and TN by soil erosion. We also found that both vegetation types and hillslope position had no significant effects on C:N ratio. Our Study demonstrated that improvements of SOC and TN stocks in the transitional belt could be made through well managed vegetation restoration measures. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaorong Wei, Robert Horton, Xiaoli Fu, Mingan Shao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-19", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To N Fertilization In A Loamy Soil Under Maize Cultivation", "description": "Abstract To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (CKNL), maize ( Zea mays L.) planted and N-unfertilized soil (N0), and planted soils fertilized with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NL) and 250\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NH). Soil CO 2 efflux during the maize growth season was significantly affected by soil temperature and also by soil moisture when the opposite effect of soil moisture below and above the optimum values was distinguished. There was a significant interdependence between soil temperature and soil moisture in the effect on soil CO 2 efflux in the presence of maize plants. A logarithm transformed regression equation including soil temperature ( T ) and soil moisture ( W ) was developed as y \u00a0=\u00a0 a \u00a0+\u00a0 bT log( W ). This equation accounted for 60\u201371% of the seasonal variation in soil CO 2 efflux, which better depicted soil CO 2 efflux than did a regression equation with soil temperature alone in the maize planted soils. Cumulative soil CO 2 emissions in the CK0 and CKNL treatments were estimated as 229\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012 and 245\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 , respectively during the experimental period and the application of N fertilizer slightly increased soil basal respiration by 6.5% through enhancing microbial biomass. In contrast, cumulative seasonal soil CO 2 emissions were 7.4% lower in the NL (461\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) and NH (462\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) treatments than in the N0 treatment (498\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ), indicating that N fertilization marginally significantly depressed soil respiration ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.06). N application rates, however, did not exhibit any effects. Our results suggest that the effects of N fertilization on soil respiration mainly depended on the concentration of easily decomposed organic carbon in soil and N fertilization possibly reduced soil respiration in the planted soils when N released from the decomposition of native soil organic carbon roughly met the demand for maize growth.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-12", "title": "Assessments Of The Impacts Of Chinese Fir Plantation And Natural Regenerated Forest On Soil Organic Matter Quality At Longmen Mountain, Sichuan, China", "description": "Abstract Three soil labile organic carbon indicators, i.e., particulate organic carbon (POC) by size fractionation, light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) by density fractionation and permanganate-oxidizable carbon (MnoxC) oxidized by 333\u00a0mM KMnO 4 , were employed to identify the soil organic carbon (SOM) pools of a Chinese fir plantation (CF) and a regenerated forest (RF) that were converted originally from the natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (NF) 18\u00a0years ago after clear cutting on an upland yellow soil in Longmen mountain, southwest China. Bulk soil organic carbon and nitrogen concentration at the soil depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm were significantly lower in CF and RF than in NF, while no significant C/N ratio change was found. Top soil MnoxC concentration of CF showed a significant increase while RF demonstrated a slight decline compared to NF, whereas, non-MnoxC of CF and RF both presented a significant decline compare to NF. A different indication between chemical oxidization and physical fractionation method was found. POC, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and mineral-associated organic nitrogen (MON) were significantly reduced in CF and RF compared to NF. CF, POC and PON showed significant reductions than that in RF. The losses of TOC and N in the particulate separates were more than that in the mineral-associated separates for both CF and RF. A significant decline of LFOC at 0\u201310\u00a0cm, 10\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201330\u00a0cm soil depths were found in CF and RF compared to NF, and a significant larger loss of LFOC in CF than in RF was also found. The heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth was also significantly reduced in CF and RF, while there was no significant difference between CF and RF. The absence of vegetation cover in CF and RF, especially at the early stage of restoration, was contributed to the reductions in both labile and non-labile carbon. Timely thinning after canopy closure or establishing CF mixing with native broad-leaved species should be encouraged to mitigate the labile carbon loss.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Porosity Characterization Of Argiudolls Under Different Management Systems In The Argentine Flat Pampa", "description": "Abstract Soil pore network characteristics are influenced by management and tillage practices. The objective of this work was to verify if the simultaneous use of the information obtained from tension infiltrometers and water release curves contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of different long-term management systems on the pore space of agricultural soils. The study was carried out on the Flat Pampa in Santa Fe, Argentina, in two types of typical Argiudolls with a silty-loam surface soil texture. The following treatments were evaluated: a) no-till with corn\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) conventional tillage with wheat/soybean sequence (CT-S) at Galvez; and a) no-till with corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) no-till with wheat/soybean sequence (NT-S) at Videla. Tension values of 0, 1.5 and 3\u00a0cm were applied using tension infiltrometers with the aim of obtaining soil hydraulic conductivity measurements ( K 0 , K 1.5 , and K 3 ), and several hydraulic parameters (pore size, pore number, effective macroporosity, conducting macroporosity ( e ( a , b ) ), water flow and water flow decrease). Undisturbed soil cores were collected to determine water release curves (WRC) and soil bulk density (Db). The total macroporosity (Ma) and pore size frequency curve were determined from the fitted model of the WRC. Macropore connectivity was calculated using e ( a , b ) and Ma. In Galvez, the Db values, K at all tensions, the number of effective pores, the mean pore radius and the effective macroporosity were significantly higher for NT-R. The conducting and total macroporosity values were similar in NT-R and CT-S, but the pores had better continuity in NT-R. In Videla, only K 0 and K 1.5 showed statistical differences in favor of NT-R. This treatment also had a greater number of effective pores, and higher effective, conducting and total macroporosity values, apart from the overall better pore connectivity. There were no significant differences between the NT-R and CT-S for Db and K 3 . The evaluated indicators determined that the pore network characteristics are affected not only by tillage system, but also by the crops chosen for the rotation. When used jointly, tension infiltrometers and water release curves can be very useful tools for monitoring the evolution of the soils physical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SILTY-LOAM SOILS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "WATER RELEASE CURVE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TENSION INFILTROMETER", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "PORE SYSTEM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Imhoff, Silvia del Carmen, Ghiberto, Pablo Javier, Grioni, Agustin, Gaydou, Juan Pablo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-28", "title": "Short-Term Co2 Mineralization After Additions Of Biochar And Switchgrass To A Typic Kandiudult", "description": "Abstract Biochar additions to soil can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations; however, minimal information is available on relationships with soil nitrogen (N) cycle. We hypothesized that biochar additions to sandy soils should be resistant to microbial mineralization in short-term studies but may prime organic carbon (OC) mineralization of fresh residue that promotes N immobilization. A laboratory pot incubation study was conducted with a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudult) mixed with pecan-shell biochar at rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 and with 0 and 10\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 dried, ground switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L. ) . On days 25 and 67 of the incubation, all pots were leached with 1.2 to 1.3 pore volumes of deionized H 2 O and the leachate NO 3 \u2013N, NH 4 \u2013N, and dissolved organic (DOC) concentrations were measured. Also cumulative soil CO 2 fluxes after days 25 and 67 were determined. Biochar alone and mixed with soil and switchgrass after 67\u00a0days of incubation were characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mixing biochar with switchgrass after 67\u00a0days caused a significant increase in SOC content while soil total nitrogen (TN) and leachate DOC concentrations showed mixed results. Biochar mineralization by itself was found to be minimal, but by days 25 and 67, soil with biochar and switchgrass exhibited higher cumulative CO 2 fluxes implying stimulation of switchgrass mineralization. Significant NO 3 \u2013N immobilization occurred after 25\u00a0days in treatments with biochar + switchgrass; however, by day 67 the NO 3 \u2013N concentrations rebounded slightly. The FT-IR analysis revealed that switchgrass in the presence of biochar underwent some structural modifications. Biochar applications in the short-term can cause N immobilization resulting in temporary plant available NO 3 \u2013N concentration reductions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-15", "title": "Earthworms, Soil Fertility And Aggregate-Associated Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In The Quesungual Agroforestry System", "description": "Abstract Issues of food security, environmental degradation and global climate change underscore the need for the improved understanding of sustainable agricultural systems around the globe. The Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS) of western Honduras offers a promising alternative to traditional slash-and-burn (SB) agriculture for the mountainous tropical dry forest zones of Central America, but the overall influence of this system on soils is not fully understood. We examined earthworm populations, soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under QSMAS and SB agriculture, with secondary forest (SF) as a reference. Both QSMAS and SB consisted of treatments with and without inorganic fertilizer (N\u2013P\u2013K) additions, resulting in five management treatments, each present on three replicate farms. Baseline soil samples (0\u201315\u00a0cm) were collected prior to forest clearing and establishment of QSMAS plots in 2003 and in SB and SF plots in 2005 to determine initial soil concentrations of C and N. Soils were sampled in 2006 and 2007 for bulk soil C and N and P availability, as well as for aggregate fractionation and determination of C and N within the different aggregate size fractions. Earthworm populations were assessed in July 2007. Earthworm numbers and biomass were higher under QSMAS than under SB (13.4 vs. 0.8\u00a0g fresh biomass m \u2212\u00a02 ; respectively). Significant interactions between cropping system and fertilization suggest that QSMAS increased the availability of added inorganic P, 3 times more under QSMAS than for SB. Comparisons with SF, indicated that both cropping systems resulted in a dramatic loss of C (average 5\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 soil) since treatment implementation, and that this loss was mainly associated with the disruption of C rich large macroaggregates (>\u00a02000\u00a0\u00b5m). After taking into account baseline soil C differences between plots, no major differences in total SOM losses were found between QSMAS and SB management. However, earlier establishment of QSMAS plots suggests that the overall rate of C loss since treatment establishment was lower for QSMAS than for SB. Results from this study suggest that the Quesungual agroforestry system offers great potential to improve soil fertility and biological health in the region relative to traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "cultivo migratorio", "6. Clean water", "agroforestry", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "fosforo", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "soil structural units"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-12", "title": "A Critical Review Of The Conventional Soc To Som Conversion Factor", "description": "Use of a single factor for converting soil organic carbon to soil organic matter is challenged. The basis for this challenge arises from four sources: the original papers published in the nineteenth century, empirical studies published throughout the twentieth century, theoretical considerations of organic matter composition, and a consideration of what led to the popularity and general acceptance of the conventional factor. The conventional factor of 1.724, based on the assumption that soil organic matter contains 58% carbon, applies only to some soils or only to particular components of soil organic matter. Studies published since the end of the nineteenth century have consistently shown that the factor of 1.724 is too low for most soils. In a review of previously published data, the median value for the conversion factor was found to be 1.9 from empirical studies and 2 from more theoretical considerations. A factor of 2, based on the assumption that organic matter is 50% carbon, would in almost all cases be more accurate than the conventional factor of 1.724. A consideration of the possible variation in organic matter composition predicts a range of factor values between 1.4 and 2.5, a range that is narrower than empirical results at least in part because of the interaction between the methods used to estimate organic matter and soil composition. Convenience, authority, and tradition rather than strength of evidence are in large part responsible for the widespread acceptance of the conventional factor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Douglas W. Pribyl", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-04", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Chemical Fertilizer, Straw, And Manure On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (30-year) fertilizer and organic manure treatments on grain yield, soil chemical properties and some microbiological properties of arable soils in Pingliang, Gansu, China. Six treatments were chosen for this work: unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen fertilizer annually (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (P) fertilizers annually (NP), straw plus N added annually and P fertilizer added every second year (NP\u00a0+\u00a0S), farmyard manure added annually (FYM), and farmyard manure plus N and P fertilizers added annually (NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM). Mean winter wheat yields for the 20\u00a0years ranged from 1.60\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the CK treatment to 4.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the NP+FYM treatment. Maize yields for the 8\u00a0years averaged 3.40 and 7.66\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 in the same treatments. The results showed that there was no interaction between farmyard manure and NP fertilizers. Compared with the CK treatment, the average soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content were 2.0 and 3.1%, 1.9 and 13.3%, 32.7 and 24.5%, 23.0 and 19.4%, and 39.9 and 27.6% larger, respectively, for N, NP, FYM, NP\u00a0+\u00a0S and NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. The N only resulted in not only lowering of pH but also deficient of both P and K in the soil. Soil available K declined rapidly without straw or manure additions. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents increased with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic fertilizers. However, there was greater increase of these parameters when organic manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Organic manure application also increased soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatases, \u03b2-glucosidasen and urease activity significantly. The results indicated that long-term additions of organic manure have the most beneficial effects on grain yield and soil quality among the investigated types of fertilization.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Enke, Yan, Changrong, Mei, Xurong, He, Wenqing, Bing, So Hwat, Ding, Linping, Liu, Qin, Liu, Shuang, Fan, Tinglu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Biochar Impact On Nutrient Leaching From A Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract Application of biochar to highly weathered tropical soils has been shown to enhance soil quality and decrease leaching of nutrients. Little, however, is known about the effects of biochar applications on temperate region soils. Our objective was to quantify the impact of biochar on leaching of plant nutrients following application of swine manure to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Repacked soil columns containing 0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar kg \u2212\u00a01 -soil, with and without 5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 of dried swine manure were leached weekly for 45\u00a0weeks. Measurements showed a significant decrease in the total amount of N, P, Mg, and Si that leached from the manure-amended columns as biochar rates increased, even though the biochar itself added substantial amounts of these nutrients to the columns. Among columns receiving manure, the 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 biochar treatments reduced total N and total dissolved P leaching by 11% and 69%, respectively. By-pass flow, indicated by spikes in nutrient leaching, occurred during the first leaching event after manure application for 3 of 6 columns receiving manure with no biochar, but was not observed for any of the biochar amended columns. These laboratory results indicate that addition of biochar to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil substantially reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that soil\u2013biochar additions could be an effective management option for reducing nutrient leaching in production agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Geochemistry", "manure", "nutrient leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "charcoal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Flemming, Pierce, Wang, Baiqun, Karlen, Douglas, Horton, Robert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-24", "title": "Timeline of autumn phenology in temperate deciduous trees", "description": "Abstract

Cessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for the development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling and the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere, and affects the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, particularly in silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, for 2 years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions, i.e., the low moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. Onset of foliar senescence and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. The behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "listna senescenca", "nastajanje lesa", "cambium", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*18:630*8", "autumn phenology", " xylem formation", " foliar senescence", " cambium", " chlorophyll", " radial growth", " wood", " decidiuous trees", " common aspen", " common beech", " pedunculate oak", " silver birch", "01 natural sciences", "jesenska fenologija", " nastajanje lesa", " listna senescenca", " kambij", " klorofil", " debelinska rast", " les", " listavci", " trepetlika", " navadna bukev", " dob", " navadna breza", "trepetlika", "Trees", "navadna bukev", "klorofil", "les", "chlorophyll", "pedunculate oak", "Biology", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*1", "Ecosystem", "xylem formation", "kambij", "silver birch", "Temperature", "sink limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "dob", "navadna breza", "15. Life on land", "debelinska rast", "common beech", "listavci", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Europe", "Plant Leaves", "radial growth", "jesenska fenologija", "common aspen", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "foliar senescence", "wood growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "autumn phenology", "decidiuous trees", "wood"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpaa058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Amendments On The Quality Of A Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar\u00a0kg\u2212\u00a01 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0\u201315\u00a0cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500\u00a0days at 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5\u00a0g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3\u00a0cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200\u00a0mL of 0.001\u00a0M CaCl2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at \u2212\u00a01 and \u22125\u00a0bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Black carbon", "Geochemistry", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Fleming, Pierce, Davis, Dedrick, Horton, Robert, Karlen, Douglas, Wang, Baiqun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-21", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Organic And Mineral Fertilizers On Bulk Density And Penetration Resistance In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Soil Conditions", "description": "article i nfo Soil aggregation is of great importance in agriculture due to its positive effect on soil physical properties, plant growth and the environment. A long-term (1996-2008) field experiment was performed to investigate the role of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizers on some of soil properties of Mediterranean soils (Typic Xerofluvent, Menzilat clay-loam soil). We applied a rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as a second crop during the periods of 1996 and 2008. The study consisted of five experimental treatments; control, mineral fertilizer (300-60-150 kg N-P- Kh a \u22121 ), manure at 25 t ha \u22121 , compost at 25 t ha \u22121 and mycorrhiza-inoculated compost at 10 t ha \u22121 with three replicates. The highest organic matter content both at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depths were obtained with manure application, whereas mineral fertilizer application had no effect on organic matter accumulation. Manure, compost and mycorrhizal inoculation+compost application had 69%, 32% and 24% higher organic matter contents at 0- 30 cm depth as compared to the control application. Organic applications had varying and important effects on aggregation indexes of soils. The greatest mean weight diameters (MWD) at 15-30 cm depth were obtained with manure, mycorrhiza-inoculated compost and compost applications, respectively. The decline in organic matter content of soils in control plots lead disintegration of aggregates demonstrated on significantly lower MWD values. The compost application resulted in occurring the lowest bulk densities at 0-15 and 15- 30 cm soil depths, whereas the highest bulk density values were obtained with mineral fertilizer application. Measurements obtained in 2008 indicated that manure and compost applications did not cause any further increase in MWD at manure and compost receiving plots indicated reaching a steady state. However, compost with mycorrhizae application continued to significant increase (Pb0.05) in MWD values of soils. Organic applications significantly lowered the soil bulk density and penetration resistance. The lowest penetration resistance (PR) at 0-50 cm soil depth was obtained with mycorrhizal inoculated compost, and the highest PR was with control and mineral fertilizer applications. The results clearly revealed that mycorrhiza application along with organic fertilizers resulted in decreased bulk density and penetration resistance associated with an increase in organic matter and greater aggregate stability, indicated an improvement in soil structure.", "keywords": ["Manure", "2. Zero hunger", "Penetration resistance", "Mineral fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Bulk density"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-27", "title": "Greenhouse And Field Studies On Cr, Cu, Pb And Zn Phytoextraction By Brassica Napus From Contaminated Soils In The Apulia Region, Southern Italy", "description": "Abstract In the framework of a project aiming to phytoremediate heavy metal contaminated soils in the Apulia region, Southern Italy, a series of greenhouse experiments followed by field trials were performed in order to optimize heavy metal phytoextraction by Brassica napus. The effects of root colonization by Bacillus licheniformis BLMB1 and of addition of municipal solid waste (MSW) composts on the capacity of B. napus to tolerate and accumulate Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were evaluated. B. napus was able to accumulate high amount of metals in greenhouse conditions, whereas it grew with difficulty or not at all in the open field, and metal accumulation in plant fractions was relatively low. The accumulation of metals in the plant fractions was in the order: Cr\u00a0>\u00a0Zn\u00a0>\u00a0Cu\u00a0>\u00a0Pb. The presence of either compost or B. licheniformis BLMB1 strain enhanced metal accumulation, Cr in particular, in the experimental conditions used. This effect can be useful in the phytoextraction of Cr from contaminated soils.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Organic Matter Stabilization In Soil Aggregates: Understanding The Biogeochemical Mechanisms That Determine The Fate Of Carbon Inputs In Soils", "description": "Abstract We studied the biochemical and biophysical processes of carbon sequestration in an intensive agroforestry system on two soils (Feralsol \u2013 Luero; Arenosol \u2013 Teso) in W. Kenya to elucidate the mechanisms associated with long-term carbon storage. Specifically, we looked at a top-down model (macro-aggregates form around organic matter particles and micro-aggregates form within the macro-aggregates) and a bottom-up model (micro-aggregates form independently and are incorporated into macro-aggregates) of soil aggregate formation. Soil samples were collected from experiments on improved tree fallows using different species and two tillage treatments; water-stable aggregates were extracted and sorted into three size classes: macro-aggregates (>\u00a0212\u00a0\u03bcm), meso-aggregates (53\u2013212\u00a0\u03bcm) and micro-aggregates (20\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm). Organic matter characterization of each fraction was based on 13C isotope abundance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the abundance of polysaccharides. Improved fallows increased soil C by 0.28 and 0.26\u00a0kg m\u00ad2 in the top 20\u00a0cm of the soil profile in Luero and Teso, respectively. Tillage altered the distribution of aggregates among size classes. Changes in the \u03b413C signature in each fraction indicated that more of the new carbon was found in the macro-aggregates (35\u201370%) and meso-aggregates (18\u201349%) in Luero and less (9\u201317%) was found in the micro-aggregates. In Teso, about 40\u201380% of the new aggregate C was found in the meso-aggregates, 14\u201345% was found in the micro-aggregates and only 4\u201326% was found in the macro-aggregates. The meso-aggregates and macro-aggregates to a lesser extent, in both sites, were enriched in carboxylic-C and aromatic-C, indicating the importance of OM decomposition and plant-derived C in the stabilization of larger aggregates, supporting the top-down model of aggregate formation. Microbially derived polysaccharides play a leading role in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and carboxylic-C promotes stabilization through surface occlusion. This bottom-up process is essential to promote long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Additionally, the micro-aggregates at both sites were enriched in polysaccharides and had elevated ratios of galactose + mannose:arabinose + xylose than the other aggregate fractions, indicating the importance of microbial processes in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and supporting the bottom-up model.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Aggregates", "fallow", "C-13", "carbon", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "Improved", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-11", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Pools And Their Relationship To Plant And Soil Dynamics Of Degraded And Artificially Restored Grasslands Of The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Abstract Land disturbances and management approaches can significantly alter the restoration of degraded grasslands. Therefore, understanding the carbon and nitrogen storage accompanying plant and soil physical and chemical properties due to anthropogenic disturbance and different management strategies is important, as it can help us understand not only how ecosystem responds to its dynamics but also the restoration effects of restoration methods. In our study, we investigated carbon, nitrogen storage, plant community alterations and other soil chemical and physical properties regarding artificial grasslands with different restoration years and native grasslands with different degradation levels. We found that artificial grassland establishment significantly increased above- and belowground biomass, but the richness, diversity and evenness indexes had a decreasing trend compared with extremely degraded grasslands. Grazing also had a negative effect on plant communities and diversity indexes. The soil organic carbon (SOC) was highest in non-degraded grasslands (ND). The SOC content had decreased 21.89%, 38.30% and 43.15% with the increase of the grassland degradation compared with ND. The total nitrogen (TN) content was also higher in the ND (0.955\u00a0kg\u00b7m \u2212\u00a02 ) than in either degraded grasslands (0.908\u00a0kg\u00b7m \u2212\u00a02 , 0.786\u00a0kg\u00b7m \u2212\u00a02 , and 0.769\u00a0kg\u00b7m \u2212\u00a02 for moderately, heavily and extremely degraded, respectively). The total carbon, SOC and TN content were concentrated on the 0\u20134\u00a0cm depth, accounting for more than 50% of the total content. We also found that the soil nutrients substantially decreased with increasing restoration years. Furthermore, soil nutrients had a close relationship with plant and soil factors, as reflected by a correlation index. The above-mentioned results indicated that artificial grasslands can be used as an effective method to restore \u201cblack-beach\u201d soil grassland. In the long term, however, management interventions should be implemented to prevent the degradation of artificial grasslands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lu Wen, Xuexia Wang, Yu Wu, Shikui Dong, Yuanyuan Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "Effects Of Afforestation And Deforestation On Boreal Soil Carbon Stocks\u2014Comparison Of Measured C Stocks With Yasso07 Model Results", "description": "Abstract Land use changes like afforestation and deforestation are known to affect stocks of carbon in soils. We measured changes in soil carbon stocks in afforested and deforested sites. Repeated measurements were made at six sites which had been afforested with three different tree species 17\u201318\u00a0years before this sampling. The deforestation sites consisted of six field soils that were taken to cultivation 1\u2013200\u00a0years before the sampling and adjacent forest sites representing the same soil types as the fields. The performance of the Yasso07 model in predicting the soil carbon stock changes in afforestation and deforestation was evaluated by simulating the changes in the carbon stocks and comparing the measured and simulated results for these sites. The mean observed 20-year carbon stock change after the land use change was \u2212\u00a09% in the afforested sites and \u2212\u00a019% in the deforested sites. The decrease in the mean carbon stock after afforestation was most pronounced during the first 9\u201310\u00a0years and was probably due to low rates of litter production in the early growth phase of the forests. The stock change in deforestation was lowest in fields with grasses as the main crop and highest in cereal monoculture. The simulation results were well in accordance with the measured carbon stocks on most sites.", "keywords": ["330", "hiilivarasto", "hiilitase", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Modelling", "maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutos", "pellonraivaus", "afforestation", "Land use", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon stock", "mallinnus", "metsitys", "soil analysis", "mets\u00e4maa", "pellonmetsitys"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-06", "title": "Fire Severity Effects On Ash Chemical Composition And Water-Extractable Elements", "description": "Abstract The effects of fire in the landscape are commonly assessed through the evaluation of ash properties. Among other properties, colour is one of the methods more frequently used. However, little is known about the effect of fire severity on ash chemical and extractable elements. Ash is an important source of nutrients in terms of landscape recovery after fire. In this study we analysed the effects of fire severity (estimated using ash colour) on ash chemical properties, CaCO3, pH, Total Carbon (TC), Total Nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio and some ash water-extractable elements, such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Total Phosphorous (TP), Total Sulphur (TS) and Silica (Si) collected in Portugal (N\u00a0=\u00a0102) after three wildfires that occurred in the same ecosystem, composed mainly of maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, and cork oak, Quercus suber. The results showed significant statistical differences among ash colour at a p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-03", "title": "Storage Of Organic Carbon And Black Carbon In Density Fractions Of Calcareous Soils Under Different Land Uses", "description": "Abstract The association between soil particles and their spatial arrangement plays a key role in soil organic matter (OM) dynamics. Density fractionation combined with ultrasonic dispersion enables separation and study of soil OM fractions, considered on the basis of the mechanisms of physical protection: non-physically protected OM (FF), OM occluded into aggregates (OF), and OM stabilized in organo-mineral complexes (DF). In the present study, whole soils and density fractions of calcareous soils under three different management systems \u2014 native Quercus ilex forest, a Pinus halepensis plantation and cropped land \u2014 were analyzed for organic C (OC), total N, and Black carbon (BC) content. Black carbon is often considered as a very recalcitrant pool in the soil. However, as well as BC content of soils has seldom been quantified, long-term studies on BC stability are scarce and conclusions about BC stability are not widespread. About 67% of the total C in the topsoil was lost as a result of converting the natural Q. ilex forest to cropped land, 100\u00a0years ago. After crop abandon, the stock of OC in the topsoil greatly increased upon reforestation of the studied plot with P. halepensis. An average recovery of 71% of the previously lost OC had been recovered, after 40\u00a0years of pine plantation. The changes in OC stocks affected mainly the free fraction (FF). Black carbon represented between 1.2 and 2.3% of the TOC of soil with the highest concentrations in OF. The maintenance of BC proportion through land uses suggests an equilibrium between inputs and outputs, and leads to the suspicion that BC could be less stable and less resistant to biodegradation than is often taken for granted.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-09", "title": "The Effects Of Plantation Development On Biological Soil Crust And Topsoil Properties In A Desert In Northern China", "description": "Abstract Afforestation was one of most successful measures to rehabilitate desertified lands and to improve regional eco-environments in the Horqin Sand Land. A field experiment was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the Horqin Sand Land to investigate the effects of Populus simonii plantation growth on soil crust formation and topsoil properties. The results showed that plantation establishment promoted the development of biological soil crust and improved properties of topsoil 0\u20135\u00a0cm under the crust in sand dunes. As the plantation aged, soil crust developed gradually from a physical crust, to a lichen crust and then to a moss crust and crust coverage, thickness, hardness, very fine sand content, clay, silt, organic carbon and nutrients increased significantly. Clay, silt, organic carbon and nutrients in topsoil 0\u20132.5\u00a0cm and 2.5\u20135.0\u00a0cm under the soil crust increased with plantation age and crust development, but the magnitude of changes decreased with increasing soil depth. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties in the crust had a significant positive correlation with plantation age, and changes in physical and chemical properties in the 0\u20135.0\u00a0cm layer of topsoil had a significant positive correlation with soil crust development and plantation age. Soil crust development and changes in topsoil properties under the soil crust can be attributed primarily to the reestablishment of vegetation and the duration that the vegetation is in place.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yirui Guo, Halin Zhao, Rui-Lian Zhou, Sam Drake,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/cla.12208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-14", "title": "Hidden biodiversity: total evidence phylogenetics and evolution of morphological traits in a highly diverse lineage of endogean ground beetles,TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 (Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini)", "description": "Abstract

Typhlocharisis the most diverse eyeless endogean ground beetle genus known to date, with 62 species all endemic to the West Mediterranean region. The lineage is characterized by a conservative and singular body plan within Carabidae that contrasts with a high morphological diversity in many traits. We provide an exhaustive phylogeny of the lineage through the study of 92 morphological characters from all 62 described species and 45 potential new species from 70 additional populations, and the combination of morphological and available molecular data, in the first total evidence phylogenetic approach for a highly diverse endogean lineage. We tracked the evolution of morphological traits over the obtained phylogenies. Results suggest eight morphologically distinct clades, which do not correspond to the species groups proposed formerly. Ancestral state reconstructions and phylogenetic signal analyses of morphological traits revealed that some of the previously key characters to the classification ofTyphlocharis, such as the umbilicate series or the apical denticles of elytra, are highly homoplasic, whereas other characters show stronger phylogenetic signal, including structures in the antennae, gula, pronotum and last abdominal ventrite. This evidence supports the split ofTyphlocharisinto three genera:Lusotyphlusgen. nov.;TyphlocharisDieck, 1869 andMicrocharidiusCoiffait, 1969 (revalidated), forming the subtribe Typhlocharina Jeanne, 1973.\u00a0As\u00a0>\u00a0Cu. Anthropogenic amounts of heavy elements were distributed in all soil fractions, with the most relevant enrichments in the extractable and reducible ones. Anthropogenic inputs were responsible for some deviations from natural fractionation, mainly for Pb, Zn and Cd. A significant amount of Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils was rather mobile, which suggests that these elements can be readily available to plants and soil organisms.", "keywords": ["Mobility", "Heavy elements; Soil fractionation; Mobility; Contamination; Smelter; Kosovo", "Contamination", "13. Climate action", "Soil fractionation", "Kosovo", "Heavy element", "01 natural sciences", "Smelter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-16", "title": "Self-Restoration Of Post-Agrogenic Chernozems Of Russia: Soil Development, Carbon Stocks, And Dynamics Of Carbon Pools", "description": "Abstract This chronosequential study focuses on the vegetation succession, pedogenesis, carbon stocks, and functionally different carbon pools of post-agrogenic chernozems under self-restoration in the forest steppe zone of the European part of Russia. The sites investigated were comparable in terms of climate, soil texture, and land-use history, but differed in their duration of agricultural abandonment, covering 8, 19, 37, and 59\u00a0years of self-restoration. During self-restoration, the vegetation showed development towards virgin steppe and the soils towards natural chernozem. Pedogenesis resulted in the formation of a fine granular structure and loss of ploughing features. Organic carbon (OC) content increased from 38.9\u00a0g kg\u2212\u00a01 to 54.5\u00a0g kg\u2212\u00a01 in the upper 10\u00a0cm of topsoil. Increasing C contents did not reach the OC level of the natural chernozem, showing 78.9\u00a0g kg\u2212\u00a01. Nitrogen contents and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values increased, showing significant positive correlations with soil organic carbon (SOC) content and resulting in chronosequential constant Corg/N ratios. The SOC accumulation rate for the 59\u00a0years of self-restoration was about 52\u00a0g m\u2212\u00a02 y\u2212\u00a01 for the mean of the upper 0.2\u00a0m and 103\u00a0g m\u2212\u00a02 y\u2212\u00a01 in the upper 0.5\u00a0m. Thus, carbon stocks increased to 91% of the natural chernozem. Functionally different SOC pools showed their quantitative alterations during self-restoration. The OC of the clay fraction (% of soil) increased in line with the recovery of total SOC at soil depths 0\u20130.5\u00a0m from 1.49% to 2.17% on average. The OC of the density fraction", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-19", "title": "Effect Of Soil Type And Management (Organic Vs. Conventional) On Soil Organic Matter Quality In Olive Groves In A Semi-Arid Environment In Sierra M\u00e1gina Natural Park (S Spain)", "description": "Open AccessOrganic matter from surface horizons of olive grove soils under organic and conventional management, compared to natural vegetation (undisturbed), on two contrasting geological substrates (colluvial limestones and marls) in a semi-arid Mediterranean area were characterized to evaluate the influence of management and soil type. Higher percentages of total carbon, total humic extract and humin fractions were observed in the organic management and undisturbed soil samples. The main qualitative functional and compositional changes induced by management were related to the aromaticity of humic acids (HA), which were lower in organically managed samples than conventional management. This may be due to continuous effective incorporation of alkyl compounds from spontaneous vegetation, which would explain its typical lignin patterns and higher E4/E6 ratios (visible spectra absorbance to 465 and 665nm). The main qualitative changes affecting organic matter were induced by the geological substrate (soil type). Soil samples from marls had a lower humic to fulvic acids ratio, and their HA were more aliphatic (with respect to the 2920cm-1 infrared band) and more intense with organic management. These samples also had well-defined amide and carbohydrate infrared bands (labile compounds) and lower E4 optical density. These results showed less efficient biodegradation of aliphatic components. On the contrary, greater decomposition of organic matter was detected in the HA fraction from colluvial limestones, which was transformed into more stable and evolved forms of humus. This may be due to overlapping of current soil management and its biogenic background, representative of the original soil in this area, where pedogenic development is more intense. Characteristics of soil organic matter in the undisturbed soil were between conventional and organic management, which shows how difficult it is to find natural, well-conserved soil to serve as a reference in the agricultural context studied. Our findings reveal that more sustainable soil management and development of management practices more in harmony with the original evolution of the soil and its relationship to the parent material are especially important in this area. \u00a9 2011 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-23", "title": "Tillage Practices Of A Clay Loam Soil Affect Soil Aggregation And Associated C And P Concentrations", "description": "article i nfo Under long-term cultivation, greater accumulations of soil organic matter (SOM) and phosphorus (P) are found in the surface soil layer under no-till (NT) versus mouldboard ploughing (MP) practices. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of NT and MP practices on concomitant SOM and P distribution and sorption characteristics among water-stable aggregates and non-aggregated particles. The study was conducted in Quebec, Canada, as part of a long-term corn and soybean rotation experiment (established since 1992) on a clay loam soil of the St-Blaise series (Dark Grey Gleysol). Soil samples were collected in the fall of 2007 in the 0-5 cm layer from plots under NT and MP receiving 35 kg P ha -1 and 160 kg N ha -1 . Samples were separated into three water-stable aggregate-sized classes (macro, 2000-250 \u03bcm; meso, 250-180 \u03bcm; micro, 180- 53 \u03bcm) and (silt+clay)-sized particles (b53 \u03bcm) using wet-sieving. Macro aggregates made up 60.2 and 48.5% of total soil weight under NT and MP, respectively. In wet-sieved soils from NT plots, water-extractable P (Pw) concentration increased in the order (silt+clay)-sized particlesbmicro-bmeso-bmacro-aggregates; under MP, micro-, meso-, and macro-aggregate fractions had the same Pw concentration, while the (silt+clay)- sized particles showed the lowest Pw concentration. The hierarchy observed among aggregate-sized classes", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ORGANIC CARBON", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "SOL ARGILO-LIMONEUX", "MOULDBOARD PLOUGHING", "SOIL AGGREGATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NO TILL", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-05", "title": "Soil Respiration At Five Sites Along The Kalahari Transect: Effects Of Temperature, Precipitation Pulses And Biological Soil Crust Cover", "description": "There are increasing concerns that climatic and land use changes will enhance soil respiration rates and soil organic carbon loss, compromising agricultural productivity and further elevating atmospheric CO2. Current understanding of dryland respiration is, however, insufficient to enable prediction of the consequences of these changes for dryland soils and CO2 fluxes. The objectives of this paper are to present in-situ respiration data from five remote sites along a climatic gradient in the Kalahari of Botswana and to determine the effects of temperature, moisture and biological crust cover on soil CO2 fluxes. Moisture was the primary limiting factor to efflux which increased with amount of simulated rainfall. On dry soils, mean CO2 efflux was between 1.5 and 5.9 mg C m\u2212 2 h\u2212 1. After 2 mm and 50 mm simulated wetting, mean rates increased to 4.0 to 21.8 and 8.6 to 41.5 mg C m\u2212 2 h\u2212 1 respectively. Once wet, soil CO2 efflux increases with temperature, and sites at the hotter northern end of the transect lost more CO2 than cooler southerly sites. Net respiration rates are, however, muted by autotrophic organisms in biological soil crusts which photosynthesise and take up CO2. The temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux increased with moisture. Dry, 2 mm and 50 mm treated soils had a Q10 of 1.1, 1.5 and 1.95 respectively. Our findings indicate that higher temperatures and a loss of biological crust cover will lead to greater soil C loss through respiration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-05", "title": "Do Earthworms And Roots Cooperate To Build Soil Macroaggregates? A Microcosm Experiment", "description": "Abstract Soil ecosystem engineers are major actors of soil macroaggregation, a process that drives the production of ecosystem services by soils. However, our inability to identify the origins of different types of macroaggregates found in soils is an obstacle to describing and modeling their dynamics and associated processes (C sequestration; hydraulic properties). This laboratory study investigated mechanisms of biological soil macroaggregation by two different earthworm species (Apporectodea caliginosa (Savigny) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny) and two plant species (Trifolium pratense, Plantago lanceolata L.), in isolation and in all possible combinations. Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis significantly discriminated macroaggregates according to the organisms that created them since each organism produced macroaggregates with distinct NIR signals (p", "keywords": ["570", "Earthworm-root interactions", "soil fertility", "earthworms", "NIR spectral signature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "soil biology", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "Soil macroaggregation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biolog\u00eda del suelo", "lombriz de tierra", "soil structural units", "Earthworm casts"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zangerle, A, Pando, A, Lavelle, Patrick M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-24", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Pools And Carbon-Protection Mechanisms In Aggregate Classes Influenced By Surface Liming In A No-Till System", "description": "Abstract The stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) is the result of the simultaneous action of three mechanisms: chemical stabilisation, biochemical stabilisation and physical protection. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate carbon-protection mechanisms in different SOM pools in soil aggregates and (ii) to identify the association of Ca2\u00a0+ with total organic carbon (TOC) under the influence of surface liming in a medium-textured Oxisol in a long-term experiment under no-till system (NTS) in southern Brazil (25\u00b0 10\u2032 S, 50\u00b0 05\u2032 W). The treatments consisted of application of zero or 6\u00a0tons ha\u2212\u00a01 of dolomitic lime on the soil surface in 1993 and a reapplication of zero or 3\u00a0tons ha\u2212\u00a01 of dolomitic lime in 2000 to plots with or without previous lime application. Soil samples collected at depths of 0\u20132.5, 2.5\u20135, 5\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm were separated into seven aggregate classes. In each of these classes, TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) were analysed. The 8\u201319\u00a0mm sized aggregates from the 0\u20132.5\u00a0cm layer were assessed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for the elemental analysis of carbon (C) and calcium (Ca). The liming caused an accumulation of TOC in the aggregates, mainly at a depth of 0\u20132.5\u00a0cm. The aggregates from soils treated with lime had a higher mean weight diameter (MWD) that resulted in the accumulation of TOC, especially in the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregate class, that was linear and closely related with C input (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.99). The proportion of large aggregates in the treatments with lime was closely correlated with the TOC content of the whole sample. The largest dose of lime (9\u00a0tons ha\u2212\u00a01) resulted in higher TOC, POC and MAOC values, mainly in the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregate class. The elemental analyses for C and Ca revealed similar spectra between them for the surface-liming treatments in the clay fraction found in the centres of the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregates. The surface application of lime to NT fields provided greater stability and protection of the intra-aggregate C, presumably due to Ca2\u00a0+ acting as a cationic bridge between OC and the kaolinite in the clay fraction.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Nutrient Management Regimes On Biochemical And Microbial Properties In Soils Under Rainfed Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.)", "description": "Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the short-term effects of contrasting nutrient management regimes on sensitive soil biochemical and microbial parameters under an annual rainfed crop (ginger, Zingiber officinale Rosc.) grown in raised beds. The nutrient management regimes employed in the study were organic nutrient management (ONM), chemical nutrient management (CNM) and integrated nutrient management (INM). ONM involved organic manures (farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, neem cake, ash) and biofertilizers ( Azospirillum lipoferum and Bacillus phosphaticum var megaterium ), CNM involved exclusive use of chemical sources of NPK and INM involved a combination of chemical sources of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. The study also included a control where no fertilizers, whatsoever, were applied. The variables studied were soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic-C (DOC) and -N (DON), microbial biomass-C (C MIC ), -N (N MIC ) and -P (P MIC ), net N mineralized (N MIN ), soil respiration (SR) and activities of dehydrogenase (DHA), acid phosphatase (Ac-P), \u03b2-glucosidase (\u03b2G), urease (UR) and arylsulphatase (AS). Various ratios of these biochemical/microbial indices viz ., DOC:DON, C MIC :SOC (Q MIC ), C MIC :N MIC , SR:C MIC (metabolic quotient, qCO 2 ) were also examined. The influence of nutrient management regimes was most evident on SOC, DOC, DON, soil microbial and biochemical properties. The levels of SOC and DOC were significantly greater in ONM and INM compared to CNM and control. Conversely, DON level was markedly higher under CNM compared to ONM and INM. CNM also positively influenced N MIC but decreased C MIC , P MIC and SR levels. N MIN followed an identical trend as microbial biomass and SR; being greatest in INM and ONM. Likewise, the DOC:DON, C MIC :SOC (Q MIC ) and C MIC :N MIC ratios were greatest in ONM and least in CNM. Contrarily, higher qCO 2 in CNM and control suggested microbial communities which are energetically less efficient with high maintenance C requirement. Results on enzyme activities revealed that not all the treatments affected the enzyme activities to the same degree. The activities of DH, Ac-P and \u03b2G were in the order ONM\u00a0>\u00a0INM\u00a0>\u00a0CNM, while the activities of UR and AS were in the order CNM\u00a0>\u00a0INM\u00a0>\u00a0ONM. The strong effects of nutrient management regimes implied that soil biochemical/microbial parameters are sensitive enough to detect changes in soil quality even in the short-term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V. Srinivasan, S. Hamza, A. Manjusha, P. Sanjay Kumar, R. Dinesh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.12.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-07", "title": "Impacts Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Biomass Production Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) And Changes In Soil Organic Carbon In Ohio", "description": "Abstract Growing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, L.), a promising bioenergy crop, needs finely-tuned nitrogen (N) fertilization to improve biomass yields depending on soil types and site characteristics. N fertilization can also affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of N fertilization on switchgrass biomass production and the SOC stock in Ohio. Switchgrass was established at three research stations (Northwest, Jackson, and Western sites) of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) in spring 2004. N fertilizer was applied at four different rates (0, 50, 100, and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) in 2008 and 2009. Aboveground and root biomass and the carbon (C) and N concentrations in plant tissues, SOC concentrations up to 30\u00a0cm depth were measured at the end of the growing season in 2009. Aboveground biomass at the Western site was the highest as 26\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 with 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 application, but there were no significant effects of N fertilization on aboveground biomass at two other sites and on root biomass across all sites. The amount of N export due to harvesting aboveground biomass increased with increase in N rates but did not vary among sites. With increasing N rates, the SOC stock linearly increased from 102 to 123 and from 55 to 70\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 at the Northwest and the Jackson sites, respectively. However, this positive correlation was not observed for the Western site (a range of 59 to 67\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). This study showed a potential of growing switchgrass as a bioenergy crop in Ohio and positive responses of the SOC stock to N fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Ji Young Jung,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Stock In The Tropical Rangelands Of Australia: Effects Of Soil Type And Grazing Pressure, And Determination Of Sampling Requirement", "description": "On-going, high-profile public debate about climate change has focussed attention on how to monitor the soil organic carbon stock (C(s)) of rangelands (savannas). Unfortunately, optimal sampling of the rangelands for baseline C(s) - the critical first step towards efficient monitoring - has received relatively little attention to date. Moreover, in the rangelands of tropical Australia relatively little is known about how C(s) is influenced by the practice of cattle grazing. To address these issues we used linear mixed models to: (i) unravel how grazing pressure (over a 12-year period) and soil type have affected C(s) and the stable carbon isotope ratio of soil organic carbon (delta(13)C) (a measure of the relative contributions of C(3) and C(4) vegetation to C(s)); (ii) examine the spatial covariation of C(s) and delta(13)C; and, (iii) explore the amount of soil sampling required to adequately determine baseline C(s). Modelling was done in the context of the material coordinate system for the soil profile, therefore the depths reported, while conventional, are only nominal. Linear mixed models revealed that soil type and grazing pressure interacted to influence C(s) to a depth of 0.3 m in the profile. At a depth of 0.5 m there was no effect of grazing on C(s), but the soil type effect on C(s) was significant. Soil type influenced delta(13)C to a soil depth of 0.5 m but there was no effect of grazing at any depth examined. The linear mixed model also revealed the strong negative correlation of C(s) with delta(13)C, particularly to a depth of 0.1 m in the soil profile. This suggested that increased C(s) at the study site was associated with increased input of C from C(3) trees and shrubs relative to the C(4) perennial grasses; as the latter form the bulk of the cattle diet, we contend that C sequestration may be negatively correlated with forage production. Our baseline C(s) sampling recommendation for cattle-grazing properties of the tropical rangelands of Australia is to: (i) divide the property into units of apparently uniform soil type and grazing management; (ii) use stratified simple random sampling to spread at least 25 soil sampling locations about each unit, with at least two samples collected per stratum. This will be adequate to accurately estimate baseline mean C(s) to within 20% of the true mean, to a nominal depth of 0.3 m in the profile.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Residual Maximum-Likelihood", "Bulk-Density", "550", "Agriculture and the environment", "Depth Functions", "Sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vegetation Change", "Minimization", "Organic-Carbon", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "Savanna", "Rangelands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon stock", "Residual maximum likelihood (REML)", "Geostatistics", "Variability", "Sampling", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "1111 Soil Science", "Model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "Wildfire Effects On Soil Organic Matter Quantity And Quality In Two Fire-Prone Mediterranean Pine Forests", "description": "Open AccessFinancial support was supplied by the Institut National des Science d'Univers of the Centre National de Recherche Scienti\ufb01que (France), under the framework of the ECCO program 'QUANTICHAR'.", "keywords": ["570", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "Mediterranean pine forests", "Wildfires", " Mediterranean pine forests", " Soil organic matter (SOM)", " Lignin", " Charcoal.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Lignin", "630", "Wildfires", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "Soil organic matter (SOM);", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-14", "title": "Effect Of Fire Frequency On Runoff, Soil Erosion, And Loss Of Organic Matter At The Micro-Plot Scale In North-Central Portugal", "description": "Wildfire is a natural phenomenon that is a common ecological factor in Mediterranean ecosystems. The increase in occurrence in recent decades has raised widespread concern about the impact of repeated wildfires on runoff and erosion, a topic that has not been widely studied. We addressed these concerns in an area of north-central Portugal by comparing runoff at the micro-plot scale and the associated transport of sediments and organic matter (OM) in unburnt, once burnt, and repeatedly burnt plantations of Maritime Pine. We selected nine sites following a large wildfire in September 2012 that affected roughly 3000 ha of the Viseu municipality. Three of the sites had not been burnt since 1975 and acted as controls, with covers of pine trees, shrubs, and annual vegetation; three sites had burnt only in 2012 and contained burnt pines but no shrubs or annual vegetation; and three degraded sites had suffered from three wildfires prior to 2012 and contained no vegetation. We established nine micro-plots (0.25 m2) at each site and collected runoff, eroded soil, and OM losses in tanks after each rain from October 2012 to September 2014. The repeated wildfires strongly increased the runoff coefficient and the risk of downstream flooding after heavy rains. OM losses were nearly half the volume of the eroded soil in the degraded sites due to the transport of ash in the runoff. Runoff and soil losses occurred not only after erosive rainstorms following a fire but also after a subsequent period of drought. Soil cover, rain intensity, and soil moisture were key factors in the amount of runoff and erosion. The insights provided by this study can contribute to pre- and post-fire activities and management in protect areas and can thus improve post-fire recovery.", "keywords": ["Pine plantation", "Runoff", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Post-fire erosion", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fire repetition", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-29", "title": "Cattle Trampling Alters Soil Properties And Changes Soil Microbial Communities In A Swiss Sub-Alpine Pasture", "description": "Abstract Stock farming plays an important role in the agriculture of alpine regions although deleterious effects on the soils are most pronounced here. We investigated the effects of cattle trampling on soil physical, chemical and microbial properties in a Swiss sub-alpine pasture. About 10% of the study site was bare of vegetation as a result of repeated cattle trampling and the bulk density of these bare steps was 20% higher than of the soils unaffected by trampling. In the upper 25\u00a0cm, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and total SOC stocks were 35% and 20% respectively lower than on the vegetated slope. As compared with the vegetated slope, topsoils of the bare steps featured narrower C:N-ratios and were more enriched in the 15 N isotope, with typical values of deeper soil layers. This indicates that bare soils primarily evolved by erosion and not by a compaction, which might, together with the reduced litter input, explain the lower SOC contents. The abundances of soil microbes, estimated by the concentrations of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), were 30% smaller in the bare soils than in the vegetated areas. This depletion was most pronounced for fungi as expressed in the lower concentrations of the fatty acid 18:2\u03c96.9 (45%) and ergosterol (50%). The lower fungal abundance very likely has negative consequences for the stability of the bare soils, since fungi play an important role in the formation of soil aggregates. In summary, our results show that cattle trampling decreases soil carbon storage and alters soil microbial community structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "10122 Institute of Geography", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910 Geography & travel", "15. Life on land", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.11.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Drought On Soil Phosphorus Availability And Fluxes In A Burned Mediterranean Shrubland", "description": "Little research has been done to study the combined fire-drought impacts on the structure and functioning of Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems. In this study we have evaluated post-fire patterns of soil phosphorus (P) availability and transformation rates in a Mediterranean shrubland subjected to different drought treatments. Precipitation was manipulated in various treatments to evaluate the combined effects of fire and moisture in the soil. The following treatments were included: long-term historical average precipitation, or historical control (HC); moderate drought (MD, 25% reduction from HC); severe drought (SD, 45% reduction from HC); and environmental control without rainfall manipulation (EC). In late summer, these plots were burned in order to evaluate the joint effects of drought and fire. In order to compare burned and non-burned scenarios, unburned plots were maintained without rainfall manipulation. Post-fire soil samples, collected in the spring, were analyzed for P fractions, P transformation rates (net solubilization and immobilization, gross mineralization) and phosphatase activity. Mid- to high-intensity fire caused a short-term increase of rapid-to-mid turnover inorganic P pools in the soil, as well as a decline of rapid turnover organic P pools (including microbial P) and acid phosphatase activity. Fire also induced an overall rise in the flux among P pools, including gross P mineralization, net microbial immobilization and net geochemical solubilization, with the latter being the most affected. Moreover, under drier than average conditions, this \u2018mineralizing\u2019 effect of fire was partially (rapid turn over inorganic P, total P flux among pools and net solubilisation) or completely (net immobilization) offset. Thus, our results indicate that a drier environment will limit the extent of post-fire peak in soil P availability. This effect may act synergistically with increased water stress to further inhibit vegetation recovery after fire, possibility which is particularly relevant for fire-prone Mediterranean shrublands where P limitation is widespread.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-22", "title": "Soil Formation In Loess-Derived Soils Along A Subhumid To Humid Climate Gradient, Northeastern Iran", "description": "Abstract In order to contribute to the understanding of carbonate enrichment and clay illuviation in loess-derived soils of subhumid to humid regions, the development of soils was studied along a climate gradient with xeric and udic soil moisture regimes (SMR) and thermic and mesic soil temperature regimes (STR), respectively, in the Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran. Six representative pedons along a climate gradient were investigated. Soils were classified mainly as Hapludalfs and Haploxeralfs. Stability of the geomorphic surface under forest vegetation associated with high leaching conditions has provided appropriate conditions for decalcification followed by clay migration through the profile and formation of argillic horizons in all the studied soils. Clay content of the Bt horizons, soil organic carbon concentration of the A horizons, and depth of the Bk horizons increased significantly with increasing precipitation and decreasing temperature. There was a considerable decrease in silt content with soil development. The main pedofeatures observed in the Bt horizons were clay coatings and decalcified zones. Nodules, coatings and hypocoatings were the main calcitic pedofeatures observed in the Bk horizons. Occurrence and preservation of clay coatings were more pronounced in the udic regions with illite and vermiculite as the dominant clay minerals. Type of clay minerals, shrink/swell properties, and precipitation rate are factors affecting the abundance and preservation of clay coatings. In the strongly developed horizons of the udic SMR, the occurrence of vermiculite clay minerals could reduce the shrink/swell potential and increase the amount of clay coatings. The presence of crystallitic b-fabrics and the high carbonate contents (CaCO 3 ) in the lower horizons (Bk) were mainly related to decalcification processes under descending water flow in the overlying horizons.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-31", "title": "Spatial Variation Of Nitrous Oxide Emission Between Interrow Soil And Interrow Plus Row Soil In A Long-Term Maize Cultivated Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "Abstract There is a high spatial variation in N 2 O emission from agricultural fields and N 2 O emissions from fields cultivated with stalk-crops was generally measured in the interrow area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in seasonal N 2 O emissions between interrow soil and interrow\u00a0+\u00a0row soil, and to understand the effect of different fertilizers on N 2 O emissions in a maize-cultivated sandy loam soil in the North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments: organic manure (OM), half-organic manure N plus half fertilizer N (HOM), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NK (NK) and control (CK). Cumulative N 2 O emission from interrow\u00a0+\u00a0row soil during the maize growth season was 0.84\u20131.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 with an average of 0.98\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 in the N-fertilized treatments, significantly higher than the 0.30\u20130.49\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 from interrow soil. However, no significant difference was observed in the CK treatment. The measurement in interrow soil underestimated N 2 O emissions by 44\u201367%. This difference mainly occurred at the two peak emission periods following fertilizer application probably due to discrepancy in soil denitrification potential. Manure application more efficiently increased difference in N 2 O emission between interrow soil and interrow\u00a0+\u00a0row soil than inorganic N fertilizer application. The higher NO 3 \u2212 concentration did not induce larger N 2 O emission from interrow soil in the NK treatment than in the NPK treatment, but did from interrow\u00a0+\u00a0row soil, resulting in greater difference in N 2 O emission between interrow soil and interrow\u00a0+\u00a0row soil. It is suggested that measuring N 2 O emission solely from interrow soil could underestimate seasonal N 2 O emissions, and partly mask the effect of N fertilizer application rates on N 2 O emission in a maize-cultivated soil in the North China Plain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "title": "Effects Of Catch Crops Cultivated For Green Manure And Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization On Soil Enzyme Activities And Chemical Properties", "description": "Abstract Use of catch crops as a green manure may increase soil fertility due to improved soil organic matter content as well as soil biological activities. We conducted a 3-year field experiment to evaluate the impact of catch crops [oilseed radish (OR) ( Raphanus sativus L.) and field pea (FP) ( Pisum sativum L.)] and inorganic N fertilization at 0, 40, 80, 120, 160\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0year \u2212\u00a01 on the activities of soil enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase \u2014 GLU, nitrate reductase \u2014 NR, urease \u2014 UR, arginine deaminase \u2014 ADA, acid and alkaline phosphatase \u2014 P AC and P AL ) and chemical properties of typical Alfisol . Each year, catch crops were sown at the beginning of August and ploughed three months later in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Then the main crop \u2013 spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 was grown in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Soil samples were taken twice a year, in spring before spring wheat sowing (March or April) and in summer, immediately after the harvest. In March (April 2006) organic carbon (C ORG ) and available potassium (K AVAIL ) did not show significant changes as influenced by catch crops. Total nitrogen (N TOT ) content was significantly lower in control soil than in catch crop treatments, while the concentration of available P (P AVAIL ) behaved in the opposite way. N fertilization rates did not significantly affect the chemical properties of soil without catch crops (C) (with the exception of Mg AVAIL concentration). In contrast, the chemical properties did not show clear tendencies depending on N fertilization in soil with field pea or oilseed radish. Significantly higher soil enzymatic activities were observed in the catch crops treatment than in the control (C). The studied enzymes also showed a significantly higher activity in the FP than in the OR when both catch crops were compared (with the exception of ADA and P AL activities in August and GLU activity in March (April 2006)). Both P AC and P AL as well as GLU, ADA and NR activities were always higher in August than in March (April 2006), while UR (with the exception of 2007) behaved in a reverse manner. The enzyme activities were 10\u201326% lower at a rate of 160\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0year \u2212\u00a01 compared to the highest activity noted in the case of a rate of 40 and/or 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0year \u2212\u00a01 with the exception of UR activity, which was unaffected by N fertilization rates. Cultivation of catch crops for so-called green manure can be useful management practice for enhancing soil biological activity as evaluated by enzymatic activity. Enzyme activities were more sensitive to the presence of catch crop green biomass and N fertilization rates than chemical properties. Therefore, they might be useful as an early indicator in the evaluation of the alteration of soils caused by different agricultural activities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-19", "title": "Tensile Strength And Organic Carbon Of Soil Aggregates Under Long-Term No Tillage In Semiarid Aragon (Ne Spain)", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported by the Comisi\u00f3n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda of Spain (grants AGL2010-22050-CO3-02/AGR and AGL2007-66320-C02-02/AGR) and the European Union (FEDER funds). N. Blanco-Moure was awarded with a FPI fellowship by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aggregate strength", "Soil organic carbon", "Rupture energy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Dryland cereal farming", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-02", "title": "Thermophilic versus mesophilic dark fermentation in xylose-fed fluidised bed reactors: Biohydrogen production and active microbial community", "description": "Abstract Dark fermentative biohydrogen production in a thermophilic, xylose-fed (50\u00a0mM) fluidised bed reactor (FBR) was evaluated in the temperature range 55\u201370\u00a0\u00b0C with 5-degree increments and compared with a mesophilic FBR operated constantly at 37\u00a0\u00b0C. A significantly higher (p\u00a0=\u00a00.05) H2 yield was obtained in the thermophilic FBR, which stabilised at about 1.2\u00a0mol H2\u00a0mol\u22121 xylose (36% of the theoretical maximum) at 55 and 70\u00a0\u00b0C, and at 0.8\u00a0mol H2\u00a0mol\u22121 xylose at 60 and 65\u00a0\u00b0C, compared to the mesophilic FBR (0.5\u00a0mol H2\u00a0mol\u22121 xylose). High-throughput sequencing of the reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA, done for the first time on biohydrogen producing reactors, indicated that Thermoanaerobacterium was the prevalent active microorganism in the thermophilic FBR, regardless of the operating temperature. The active microbial community in the mesophilic FBR was mainly composed of Clostridium and Ruminiclostridium at 37\u00a0\u00b0C. Thermophilic dark fermentation was shown to be suitable for treatment of high temperature, xylose-containing wastewaters, as it resulted in a higher energy output compared to the mesophilic counterpart.", "keywords": ["570", "116 Chemical sciences", "116", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Hydrogen%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-18", "title": "Tillage Impacts On The Fractions And Compositions Of Soil Organic Carbon", "description": "This study aimed to reveal the impacts of tillage systems on the fractions (active, slow, and passive carbon) and chemical compositions of soil organic carbon (SOC). A long-term (26 years) tillage experiment in northeast China examined no-tillage (NT), plowing tillage (PT) and deep loosing (DL). The soil samples (from a depth of 0-20 cm) were wet-sieved into five aggregate classes (1000-2000 mu m, 500-1000 mu m, 250-500 mu m, 50-250 mu m, and 250 mu m) were assessed by CPMAS C-13 NMR. Macro-aggregates contained more SOC concentration than micro-aggregates. However, PT resulted in a greater SOC concentration in 50-500 mu m aggregates. NT and DL increased the active C and decreased the slow C in 500-1000 mu m aggregates, whereas PT showed the inverse. The C-13 NMR spectrum demonstrated that NT increased alkyl-C content, PT obtained a higher carbonyl-C concentration, and DL gained a greater O-alkyl-C concentration. Moreover, evaluating the impacts of tillage systems on the complexity revealed that the most complicated structure was presented in NT, the least in PT, whereas DL had an intermediate effect. Active C contains C2-C6 carbohydrate and anomeric C (Cl) polysaccharides, slow c consists of aldehyde-C, ketonic-C and quinone-C, and the passive C is enriched in aromatic-C. In conclusion, long-term tillage systems significantly affected the fractions and compositions of SOC. with NT stabilizing the SOC. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hailin Zhang, Hong Zhao, Xueming Yang, Yizhong Lv, Xiaoke Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Debris Manipulation Alters Soil Co2 Efflux In A Subtropical Plantation Forest", "description": "Abstract Potential changes in the quality and quantity of C inputs in soil during environmental changes may affect soil CO2 efflux in forest ecosystems. Therefore, a field debris exclusion experiment and a laboratory debris addition experiment were conducted to assess the response of soil CO2 efflux to C input manipulation. Our experiments were the first to be conducted in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. The field debris exclusion experiment included the following treatments: leaf litter exclusion (NL), leaf litter and root exclusion (NLR), and control (CT). In the laboratory experiment, leaf litter and fine and coarse roots were added to soils collected from the same site and incubated for 100\u00a0days at 15.0\u00a0\u00b0C using the isotopic partitioning approach to determine the priming effect on soil C. The field-experimental results showed that soil CO2 efflux decreased significantly by 22.9% and 49.1% in the NL and NLR plots, respectively, compared with the CT plots. However, debris exclusion did not affect the diurnal and seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux. The contributions of leaf litter and roots to total soil CO2 efflux were 22.9% and 26.2%, respectively, which were positively related to soil temperature and moisture. In the laboratory experiment, the cumulative amount of soil CO2 efflux increased 1.25, 0.51, and 0.43 times in the soils with leaf litter, fine root, and coarse root additions, respectively, compared with the control soil (without debris addition) at the end of the incubation period. The amount of CO2 derived from leaf litter, fine root, and coarse root additions accounted for 44.0%, 31.1%, and 27.9% of the total amount of soil CO2 efflux, respectively. During the experimental period, the priming effect induced by fast-decomposing leaf litter (25.9%) was significantly higher than the priming effect induced by slow-decomposing fine roots (3.8%) and coarse roots (2.9%). The priming effect was negatively correlated with the initial lignin content and the lignin:N ratios of the added debris. The similar contributions of leaf litter and roots to soil CO2 efflux from the field experiment and the greater contributions of the priming of leaf litters to the fluxes from the laboratory experiment suggest that root inputs are more important than litter inputs in regulating soil C storage in Chinese fir forests.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Suping Liu, Qingkui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.06.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Biogeochemical Changes During Early Development Of Restored Calcareous Wetland Soils", "description": "Abstract Preservation and restoration of wetlands is critical to maintain their key functional roles of improving water quality, carbon sequestration, and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Restoration of former agricultural wetlands often requires severe measures including removal nutrient-enriched soil followed by natural succession involving changes in nutrient storages and transformations. The focus of this study was to assess changes in biogeochemical parameters during the early stages of soil development following complete soil removal in a calcareous subtropical wetland. Results indicated that significant changes occur in the first 16\u00a0years including increased soil depth, accumulation of organic matter, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Early development of soils showed a shift from initial N limitation towards a state of co-limitation by N and P after 16\u00a0years. Functional responses of these changes were determined by monitoring the microbe-driven processes (enzyme activities and soil oxygen demand) with respect to the nutrient changes. Soil \u03b2-glucosidase activity increased in the first few years and then declined with age of the soils. Alkaline phosphatase activity was inversely correlated to the P concentration in soils. When compared with an undisturbed reference site, these parameters indicate that N processes recover more rapidly than those of P and C, but functional attributes related to P limitation should begin to mimic restored conditions within the next century.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-07", "title": "Possibilities to improve soil aggregate stability using biochars derived from various biomasses through slow pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, or torrefaction", "description": "Various thermochemical conversion technologies can be applied in producing biochar from a wide range of raw materials. We studied the chemical quality of 10 different biochars produced via torrefaction (TOR), slow pyrolysis (SP), or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), in order to assess their potential in improving clay soil aggregate stability and thus contribute to mitigation of erosion from agricultural soils. X-ray tomography was used to visualize soil aggregates in some selected biochar treatments. Feedstock type had a major influence on the properties of the biochar, but in general biochars derived through SP were alkaline and exhibited higher electrical conductivity and ash content and lower surface activity than acidic HTC and TOR biochars. Alkyl peak areas determined from FTIR spectra were higher in biochars produced by TOR and HTC than in SP biochars, which indicates a higher degree of hydrophobicity in the former. Significantly higher aggregate stability and reduced colloid detachment were achieved with HTC biochars, most likely due to hydrophobicity reducing wetting rate and aggregate slaking. When mixed with initially aggregated soil, the biochar particles settled in inter-aggregate voids. According to image analysis, the internal porosity of soil aggregates was not affected by biochar addition, i.e., biochar did not enter the aggregates during the short incubation period. Addition of hydrophobic HTC biochar decreased the soil water content at field capacity, whereas more inert SP chars tended to increase it. The overall effect of biochar hydrophobicity on soil functions needs to be explored prior to wider use of biochar as a soil amendment.", "keywords": ["ta1172", "ta1171", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "333", "6. Clean water", "soil aggregates", "clay soils", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "agricultural soils", "soil structure", "ta414", "ta415"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Effects Of Increasing Precipitation And Nitrogen Deposition On Ch4 And N2o Fluxes And Ecosystem Respiration In A Degraded Steppe In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Abstract Most rangelands in temperate semiarid steppes have degraded due to over-grazing. However, the exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the degraded steppes have been poorly studied. In this study we investigated the fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as ecosystem respiration during the growing season and their responses to simulated increases in water availability and nitrogen supply at a degraded steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Temporal variation of ecosystem respiration (i.e., CO2 flux) was dominated by the interaction of soil temperature and moisture, whereas N2O emissions were mainly dependent on soil moisture. The ambient degraded steppe (i.e., not receiving additional water and nitrogen supplies) was a sink of CH4 (\u2212\u00a01.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0kg C ha\u2212\u00a01) and a source of N2O (0.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09\u00a0kg\u00a0N ha\u2212\u00a01) during the growing season, respectively. Increases in water and nitrogen supplies significantly stimulated N2O emissions by 65\u201394% (p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-16", "title": "Temporal Changes In Shrinkage Behavior Of Two Paddy Soils Under Alternative Flooding And Drying Cycles And Its Consequence On Percolation", "description": "Paddy field is generally subjected to many cycles of alternative flooding and drying (AFD) during rice growing. The AFD cycles can create a large variation in soil structure that subsequently affects soil water and nutrient retention and migration. This study aimed to investigate the temporal change in soil shrinkage behaviour and to evaluate its consequences on water percolation in two paddy fields under AFD. One paddy field cultivated for 20 years (YPF) and the other one for over 100 years (OPF) were subjected to either AFD or continuous flooding (CF) as a control. During every AFD cycle, soil cores were sampled to determine soil shrinkage curve in the laboratory while cracks and water percolation were determined in the field. Our results showed that both paddy soils presented a temporal change in soil bulk density, soil shrinkage and cracks with cycles of AFD. The two paddy soils showed a high shrinkage capacity (COLE > 0.06), in which the OPF was significantly greater than the YPF (P < 0.001). The cracks area density, however, was lower in the OPF (3.66%) than in the YPF (5.13%). This discrepancy can be explained by more swelling clay content and higher soil organic matter in the OPF but greater AFD intensity in the YPF. As a result, the YPF showed higher water percolation as compared with the OPF. Our work demonstrates that the temporal changes in soil structure in paddy soils depend not only on intrinsic soil properties but also on external hydraulic stress.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Henry Lin, Zhongbin Zhang, Qingqing Zhao, Lunche Wang, Xinhua Peng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-17", "title": "Soil Aggregation And Organic Carbon Protection In A No-Tillage Chronosequence Under Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil aggregation", "Chronosequence", "No-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Semiarid system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-20", "title": "The Effects Of Walnut Shell And Wood Feedstock Biochar Amendments On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Fertile Soil", "description": "Abstract Land application of biochar, as a strategy to enhance soil fertility and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is receiving widespread interest. Short-term soil incubations (29\u00a0days) were used to investigate the effects of agriculturally relevant biochar applications from two contrasting feedstocks and temperatures on CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from a fertile agricultural soil amended with different types of fertilizer (organic and synthetic). In addition, the effects of biochar on the denitrification process were examined using an acetylene based method to ascertain N 2 O and N 2 emissions during denitrification. Complementary incubation experiments without soil (biochar and biochar with compost) examined the impact on natural or amended organic matter (compost) and biochar stability and surface chemistry were also investigated. Batch incubations (25\u00a0\u00b0C) of biochar (softwood pyrolyzed at 410\u00a0\u00b0C [WF 410 ] and 510\u00a0\u00b0C [WF 510 ] and walnut shell pyrolyzed at 900\u00a0\u00b0C [WA 900 ]) amended soils were performed to determine emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O due to complete (absence of acetylene [C 2 H 2 ]) and incomplete denitrification (presence of C 2 H 2 ). Similarly, GHG emissions from the complementary incubations were also measured. Concurrent biochar surface compositional changes were investigated with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Biochar effects on CO 2 emissions were not significantly different from controls. WA 900 biochar (high pH) affects N cycling resulting in significantly higher emissions of N 2 O under conditions of complete denitrification and of N 2 under conditions examining incomplete denitrification. WF 410 (highest H/C ratio and lowest surface area) treatments with compost resulted in higher GHGs emissions which is attributed to a priming effect of the compost organic matter (COM). In addition, WF 410 was most susceptible to degradation, evident from infrared spectroscopic analysis of the biochars. Although these results suggest that not all biochars provide substantial benefits as a soil amendment, the data do demonstrate potential for development of biochars with beneficial impacts on GHG emission mitigation and enhancement of soil C stocks.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-22", "title": "Soil Extractable Carbon And Nitrogen, Microbial Biomass And Microbial Metabolic Activity In Response To Warming And Increased Precipitation In A Semiarid Inner Mongolian Grassland", "description": "Abstract Few studies have examined the long-term responses of soil labile organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and microbial activities to climate change in semiarid and arid regions. Here we investigated soil extractable organic carbon (EOC) and nitrogen (EON), microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activities at two depths of 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm in response to single and combined effects of warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid grassland of northern China since April 2005. Soil EOC and EON pools were measured using KCl and hot water extractions, and microbial metabolic activities were measured using MicroResp. Results showed that warming had no effects on EOC, EON and microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in the two extracts as well as the ratio of MBC to MBN at the two depths, but increased precipitation significantly increased MBC, MBN, EON and microbial quotient at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth. Warming significantly decreased microbial metabolic activities at both soil depths, but significantly increased microbial metabolic diversity (H) and evenness (E) at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Increased precipitation significantly decreased microbial metabolic activities, but significantly increased H and E at the two depths. Warming and increased precipitation significantly interacted to affect microbial metabolic activities at the two depths as well as H and E at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth. Redundancy analysis determined that microbial quotient, i.e., the ratio of MBC to total C, pH and NH 4 + \u2013N greatly accounted for the variances in the soil microbial metabolic profiles, but the ratio of EOC to EON, moisture and microbial quotient largely accounted for the variances in the soil microbial metabolic profiles specifically at the 10\u201320\u00a0cm depth, implying that microbial physiology such as microbial quotient rather than the amounts of labile organic C and N pools exerted more influence on driving the patterns of microbial metabolic profiles. Our results indicated that soil EOC and EON, microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activities at the two depths differentially responded to warming and increased precipitation in this semiarid region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "570", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Biological sciences", "Soil sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=R&offset=4700&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=R&offset=4700&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=R&offset=4650", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=R&offset=4750", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 28993, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T05:32:24.776738Z"}