Elevated atmospheric CO2 may alter decomposition rates through changes in plant material quality and through its impact on soil microbial activity. This study examines whether plant material produced under elevated CO2 decomposes differently from plant material produced under ambient CO2. Moreover, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment offered a unique opportunity to evaluate assumptions about C cycling under elevated CO2 made in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil organic matter (SOM) models. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne plant materials, produced under elevated (60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) and ambient CO2 at two levels of N fertilizer (140 vs. 560\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), were incubated in soil for 90 days. Soils and plant materials used for the incubation had been exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment conditions and had received the N fertilizer for 9 years. The rate of decomposition of L. perenne and T. repens plant materials was unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2 and rate of N fertilization. Increases in L. perenne plant material C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratio under elevated CO2 did not affect decomposition rates of the plant material. If under prolonged elevated CO2 changes in soil microbial dynamics had occurred, they were not reflected in the rate of decomposition of the plant material. Only soil respiration under L. perenne, with or without incorporation of plant material, from the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization treatment was enhanced after exposure to elevated CO2. This increase in soil respiration was not reflected in an increase in the microbial biomass of the L. perenne soil. The contribution of old and newly sequestered C to soil respiration, as revealed by the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 signature, reflected the turnover times of SOM\uffe2\uff80\uff93C pools as described by multipool SOM models. The results do not confirm the assumption of a negative feedback induced in the C cycle following an increase in CO2, as used in coupled climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93SOM models. Moreover, this study showed no evidence for a positive feedback in the C cycle following additional N fertilization.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic-matter dynamics", "atmospheric co2", "leaf-litter", "global climate-change", "fumigation-extraction", "microbial biomass-c", "litter decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "dioxide", "13. Climate action", "drying-rewetting frequency", "great-plains", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00862.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/19315260801934266", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-12", "title": "Integrated Nutrient Management For Production, Economics, And Soil Improvement In Winter Vegetables", "description": "ABSTRACT There is concern that use of inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity and cause deterioration of the soil and environment. The use of vermicompost (VC) and microbial inoculants (Azotobactor\u00ae and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria) to improve plant nutrition may address these issues. Effects of VC and microbial inoculants in combination with inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of crops and soil health need to be better understood. The eastern Ghats region of Orissa, India, has a favorable climate for year-round cultivation of vegetables. An on-farm experiment with seven treatments including chemical fertilizers, VC, cow manure (CM), and microbial inoculants was carried out for 3 consecutive years during winters of 2001 to 2003, at Koraput, India, on a red soil to determine the most effective integrated nutrient management option for enhancing productivity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Vermicompost appeared t...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260801934266"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Vegetable%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/19315260801934266", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/19315260801934266", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/19315260801934266"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/17583004.2014.912866", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-25", "title": "Biochar Compound Fertilizer As An Option To Reach High Productivity But Low Carbon Intensity In Rice Agriculture Of China", "description": "Background: Biochar from pyrolysis of biomass amended in soils to improve nitrogen use efficiency for enhancing crop productivity and mitigate climate change in agriculture has been well documented. However, application for soil amendment of biochar at high rates could be challenged with cost-effectiveness for small-scale household farms. Results: This study, by field testing four organic/inorganic compound fertilizers of biochars pyrolysed via different biowastes compared with conventional chemical fertilizer in a rice paddy, evidenced that biochar compound fertilizer application at a much lower rate of N input ensured rice productivity by improving N use efficiency and reduced GHG emission in rice production. Conclusion: Use of biowaste-converted biochars for organic/inorganic compound fertilizer can be an option to achieve high productivity and low carbon intensity along with saving N nitrogen fertilizer use in Chinese rice agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2014.912866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Carbon%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/17583004.2014.912866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/17583004.2014.912866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/17583004.2014.912866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15585", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-24", "title": "Agricultural intensification and climate change have increased the threat from weeds", "description": "AbstractWeeds represent a significant threat to crop yields and global food security. We analysed data on weed competition from the world's longest running agricultural experiment to ask whether potential yield losses from weeds have increased in response to management and environmental change since the advent of the Green Revolution in the 1960s. On plots where inorganic nitrogen fertiliser has been applied, potential yield losses from weeds have consistently increased since 1969. This was explained by a warming climate, measured as air temperature averaged over the growing season for the weeds, and a shift towards shorter crop cultivars. Weeds also reduced yield proportionally more on plots with higher rates of nitrogen which had higher yields when weeds were controlled; the relative benefit of herbicides was, therefore, proportional to potential crop yield. Reducing yield losses from weed competition is increasingly challenging because of the evolution of herbicide resistance. Our results demonstrate that weeds now represent a greater inherent threat to crop production than before the advent of herbicides and integrated, sustainable solutions to weed management are urgently needed to protect the high yield potential of modern crop genotypes.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Herbicides", "Climate Change", "Weed Control", "Weed competition", "Plant Weeds", "Integrated weed management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop yield", "Herbicide Resistance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15585"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15585"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15585", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15585", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15585"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/21580103.2011.559936", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-09", "title": "Effect Of Thinning On Carbon Storage In Soil, Forest Floor And Coarse Woody Debris Ofpinus Densiflorastands With Different Stand Ages In Gangwon-Do, Central Korea", "description": "This study was conducted to investigate effects of thinning on carbon (C) storage of soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris (CWD) in Pinus densiflora stands, central Korea. Two study stands (25- and 55-year-old stands) were located in P. densiflora forests of Gangwon-do and thinned in 2008. Each stand was divided into three plots by different thinning intensities based on stand density: no thinning (control, 0%), moderate thinning (M, 30%), and heavy thinning (H, 50%) in the 25-year-old stand and no thinning (control, 0%), light thinning (L, 20%), and moderate thinning (M, 30%) in the 55-year-old stand. We measured C storage of 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth soil, forest floor and CWD in 2009. Total C storage (t C ha\u22121) of soil, forest floor and CWD in two thinned plots was significantly higher than that in the control plot only in the 55-year-old stand: 66.4 for control, <84.2 for L, <117.9 for M. On the other hand, total C storage in the 25-year-old stand did not show a consistent tendency among thinning intensities...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2011.559936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21580103.2011.559936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21580103.2011.559936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21580103.2011.559936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/21580103.2012.704974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Biomass And Nutrient Concentrations Of Fine Roots In A Korean Pine Plantation And A Sawtooth Oak Stand", "description": "Fine root (<2\u00a0mm in diameter) biomass and nutrient concentrations were examined by a sequential core method at a soil depth of the top 15\u00a0cm in a Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation and a sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima) stand in the Forest Practice Research Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Live and dead fine root biomass showed a seasonal variation in pine and oak stands. Live fine root biomass generally decreased in the late growing season (September\u2013November) with a seasonal peak in the early growing season (April\u2013June), while dead fine root biomass in both stands showed high values in summer (July or August). Mean fine root (live, dead, total) biomass (g\u00a0m\u22122) during the study period was higher for the Korean pine (142, 266, 408) than for the sawtooth oak stands (124, 193, 317). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of live fine roots were little changed during the growing season, while other nutrient concentrations showed seasonal fluctuations during the study period. Nutrient concentrations were g...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Choonsig Kim", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2012.704974"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21580103.2012.704974", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21580103.2012.704974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21580103.2012.704974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-02", "title": "Organic And Clay-Based Soil Amendments Increase Maize Yield, Total Nutrient Uptake, And Soil Properties In Lao Pdr", "description": "In the Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic (PDR), increasing food security remains a challenge since smallholder agricultural systems, which are the main source of food production, are under serious threat due to poor soil fertility and climate variability. This study was undertaken in Lao PDR to investigate the impacts of organic and clay-based soil amendments on maize yield, total nutrient uptake, and soil properties. Structured field experiments were established over two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) with maize as the test crop at the Veunkham and Naphok sites. Ten treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were control, rice husk biochar (applied at a rate of 10 t ha\u22121), bentonite clay (10 t ha\u22121), compost (4 t ha\u22121), clay-manure compost (10 t ha\u22121), rice husk biochar compost (10 t ha\u22121), and their combinations. All treatments were applied in 2011. Significant (p < 0.05) treatment effects in maize grain yields, total nutrient uptake, and soil...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bentonite", "land degradation", "enmiendas org\u00e1nicas", "rice husks", "bentonita", "cascarilla de arroz", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "organic amendments", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "degradaci\u00f3n de tierras", "development"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mekuria, Wolde M., Noble, A.D., Sengtaheuanghoung, Oloth, Hoanh, Chu Thai, Bossio, Deborah A., Sipaseuth, Nivong, McCartney, Matthew P., Lagan, Simon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.917144"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroecology%20and%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21683565.2014.917144", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21683565.2014.917144"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-21", "title": "Tree Diversity, Carbon Stocks, And Soil Nutrients In Cocoa-Dominated And Mixed Food Crops Agroforestry Systems Compared To Natural Forest In Southeast Ghana", "description": "ABSTRACTThe importance of different agroforestry systems in conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated tree diversity, carbon stocks, and major soil nutrients in cocoa-dominated and mixed food crops agroforests compared to a natural forest in southern Ghana. Significant decreases in tree species diversity and dominance and carbon stocks in the agroforestry systems compared to natural forest were recorded. The magnitude of carbon stocks declined from natural forest through cocoa-dominated agroforest to mixed food crops agroforest. Soil nitrogen content was greatest in cocoa-dominated agroforest and least in natural forest whereas phosphorus was greatest in natural forest and least in cocoa-dominated agroforest. However, potassium in soil did not vary significantly with land use. The results suggest that, though a poor substitute for natural forest, both cocoa-dominated agroforest and mixed food crops agroforest contained significant levels of tr...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroecology%20and%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/21683565.2014.942764", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-15", "title": "Baby Corn-Legumes Intercropping Systems: I. Yields, Resource Utilization Efficiency, And Soil Health", "description": "The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, India during the winter seasons of 2007\u20132008 and 2008\u20132009 in a split-plot design with three replications. Four legume species (chickpea, pea, groundnut, and lentil) were intercropped with baby corn (Zea mays L.) in 2:1 and 2:2 row arrangements in an additive series besides their sole stand in main-plots and three weeding (no-, one-, and two-weedings) treatments in subplots. Sole baby corn and legumes produced higher economic and by-product yields than their intercropping system. The yield of baby corn declined by 5\u201314.4% and that of legumes by 8.3\u201344% when they were grown in association. Intercropping systems had higher baby corn equivalent yield, land use efficiency (28.9\u201347.2%), area-time efficiency (2.7\u201315.3%), and monetary advantages, especially in 2:2 row ratios. Baby corn + pea (2:2) followed by baby corn + chickpea (2:2) seemed to be the best intercropping systems in terms of yield advantages and econo...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pabitra Banik, Ravi Chandra Sharma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.942764"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroecology%20and%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/21683565.2014.942764", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/21683565.2014.942764", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/21683565.2014.942764"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120024775", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-22", "title": "\u0392\u2010Glucosidase And Proteases Activities As Affected By Long\u2010Term Management Practices In A Typic Argiudoll Soil", "description": "The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of tillage systems on the activities of enzymes associated with the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles (\u03b2\u2010glucosidase and protease) on a Typic Argiudoll (Marcos Juarez Series). The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications under no till, conventional tillage and native pasture used as control soil. The activities of \u03b2\u2010glucosidase and protease, total N and oxidizable C contents were determined at depths of 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm. Not only the activities of both enzymes, but also C and N contents were greater in the native soil at both depths, which shows the impact of land use on this soil. The enzymatic activities in the surface of no\u2010till soil were significantly higher than those for conventional tillage. At the 5\u201315 cm depth these variables did not present significant differences between tillage systems. The enzymatic activity was more sensitive to tillage systems than oxidizable C content in the first c...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. M. de la Horra, R. M. Palma, M. E. Conti,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120024775"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120024775", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120024775", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120024775"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-100104101", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "Do Organic Farming Practices Reduce Nitrate Leaching?", "description": "Agriculture is a contributor of nitrate to natural waters and there is concern about the excess nitrogen burden loadings from agriculture on natural waters. Agricultural practices that reduce nitrate leaching from arable land are needed. It is postulated by certain groups that organic farming practices reduce nitrate leaching among other environmental benefits. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to compile, summarize and critically analyse information about NO3-N leaching from farming systems that were managed according to organic farming principles; (2) to compare NO3-N leaching from organic farming systems with that from conventional systems. This review consists of several parts. The available literature on leaching of NO3-N from organic farming and conventional farming systems was analysed. Leachable amounts of NO3-N in soils from two types of farming systems were compared. Finally NO3-N leaching from animal manure versus inorganic fertilizer was examined. In all studies we found in the literature,...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars Bergstr\u00f6m, Holger Kirchmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-100104101"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-100104101", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-100104101", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-100104101"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120000273", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-14", "title": "Amending Subsoil Acidity By Surface Applications Of Gypsum, Lime, And Composts", "description": "Crop growth on many highly weathered soils could be severely restricted by the subsoil acidity, which is characterized by low calcium (Ca) and high aluminum (Al) at depths below the plow layer. Since surface applied lime may not improve subsoil conditions, alternatives must be sought. Thus, effects of composts alone or in combination with lime on increasing Ca and decreasing Al in subsoil were evaluated in a simulated soil profile. An acid Ultisol was packed in a 50-cm long column with the top 15\u00a0cm being amended with either lime (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4\u00b72H2O), a yard waste compost, a bio-solids-based compost (Nitrohumus), or a combination of compost and lime. The column was leached with 40\u00a0mL deionized water daily at a rate of 10\u00a0mL per 15\u00a0min for 27 days (40\u00a0cm water). Thereafter, the column was dismantled and cut into 15, 10, 10, 10\u00a0cm layers from the top for chemical analysis. Results showed that lime markedly increased pH and reduced exchangeable Al of the surface layer, but had little effect on subsoi...", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120000273"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120000273", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120000273", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120000273"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120003076", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-14", "title": "Mineralogical And Organic Carbon Content Of Water-Dispersible Particles From Conventional And No-Tillage Soils", "description": "Soil erosion from agricultural lands causes loss of soil productivity, as well as environmental problems down stream due to sediment and contaminants sorbed on dispersed colloids. In order to estimate the potential effects of erosion and to describe the behavior of various inorganic and organic contaminants in agro-ecosystems, quantitative characterization of soil colloid dispersion is essential. The effect of long-term tillage management (conventional-tillage and no-tillage) on mineralogical and organic carbon content in both field- and laboratory-generated water dispersible particles (WDP) were studied. Field-WDP were collected during rainfall simulation. Laboratory-WDP were obtained by shaking soil for 16\u00a0hours (soil to water ratio of 1:10). Results demonstrate that laboratory- and field-WDP differ in organic carbon content, particle size distribution, and mineralogical concentrations, and are influenced by soil management. Soils under no-tillage produced much larger amounts of laboratory-WDP and small...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David R. Shaw, Fengxiang X. Han, K. C. McGregor, Patrick D. Gerard, William L. Kingery,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120003076"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120003076", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120003076", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120003076"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120019100", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-04-09", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Fractions In Humid Tropics As Influenced By Application Of Crop Residues", "description": "The contribution of crop residues to soil organic matter (SOM) in the sand size (particulate organic matter, POM) and sodium (Na) Iodide light (NAL) fractions were determined from soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) collected from an experiment (April 1997\u2013August 1999) studying the contribution of crop residues in sustaining yields of maize (Zea mays L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a crop rotation system. The treatments were: recommended inorganic fertilizer (NPK) with crop residues (T1), recommended inorganic fertilizer without crop residues (T2), and half dose of the recommended inorganic fertilizer with crop residues and combined with 10\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 chicken manure (T3). Soil organic matter size fractionation was carried out for samples collected after harvest of the second (1998) and fourth (1999) crop whereas density fractionation was carried out for samples collected after harvest of the fourth crop. Results showed that dry matter content of the POM, organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) relative to total soi...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. B. Rosenani, A. R. Mubarak,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120019100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120019100", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120019100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120019100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120018975", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-04-03", "title": "Dairy Manure Effects On Soil Quality Properties And Carbon Sequestration In Alfalfa-Orchardgrass Systems", "description": "Dairy manure, as a passive by-product of livestock, is an important source of nutrients and organic matter to soils that support forage production. A split-plot experiment was conducted to determine the long-term (1994\u20131999) effects of dairy manure and chemical fertilizer on soil quality properties and carbon (C) sequestration in an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) forage systems. Five years after initiation of the experiment, soil core samples were collected randomly from between the alfalfa\u2013orchardgrass rows under different treatments and analyzed or incubated to determine selected soil biological, chemical and physical properties. Results show that long-term application of dairy manure slurries significantly increased total organic, microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable, extractable and labile C pools, respectively, and improved soil aggregate stability by associated decrease in specific maintenance respiration rates, and subsequently enhanced soil quality. R...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120018975"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120018975", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120018975", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120018975"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-100104103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "Use Of Controlled Release Fertilizers And Nitrification Inhibitors To Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency And To Conserve Air And Water Quality", "description": "Field trials on controlled release fertilizers (CRF) and a nitrification inhibitor (NI) were conducted in order to show their potential to increase N use efficiency (NUE) and to conserve air and water quality. For this purpose, flood irrigated barley grown on a clay soil (Colorado, USA), center-pivot irrigated potato grown in a sandy field (Colorado, USA), and corn grown on a loamy soil at a large scale lysimeter (Fukushima, Japan) were selected. NI (dicyandiamide) and CRF (polyolefin coated urea) were capable of reducing N2O emissions from urea applied to the barley field by 81 % and 35 %, respectively. Total N fertilizer losses averaged 15 and 10 % in the NI and urea treatments, respectively. On the other hand, those from the CRF treatment averaged only 1.9 %, indicating that CRF showed the highest potential to increase N use efficiency. The trials in the potato field demonstrated that CRF could markedly increase NUE and tuber yields. A single basal application of CRF at planting (N rate, 112 kg ha\u22121) p...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Y. Miura, S. Shoji, Arvin R. Mosier, Jorge A. Delgado,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-100104103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-100104103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-100104103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-100104103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120003074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-14", "title": "Tillage Intensity Effects On Chemical Indicators Of Soil Quality In Two Coastal Plain Soils", "description": "Few experiments in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States have reported the effect of long-term tillage and tillage intensity on chemical soil quality indicators. The purpose of this study was to determine the 17-year influence of four tillage systems on chemical soil quality indicators in a Benndale fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic, Typic Paleudults) and a Lucedale very fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic, Rhodic Paleudults) in the coastal plain region of Alabama. Tillage systems were no-tillage, disk, moldboard plow, and chisel plow under varied double-cropping in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil pH, sum of extractable bases, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were determined on soil samples collected at depths of 0\u20132.5, 2.5\u20137.5, 7.5\u201315.0, 15.0\u201322.5, and 22.5\u201330\u00a0cm. Soil car...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D. W. Reeves, J. T. Touchton, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120003074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120003074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120003074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120003074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120004294", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-14", "title": "Selenium Concentration Of Fescue And Bahiagrasses After Applying A Selenium Fertilizer", "description": "Two experiments were conducted, one with bahiagrass in North Central Florida (Gainesville) and the other with fescue in Northwest Florida (Quincy), to evaluate the selenium levels of the grasses after applying a slow release selenium fertilizer (Selcote Ultra). In the bahiagrass study, forage samples were collected from 3\u00d75\u00a0m plots which had been sprayed with Selcote Ultra at treatment rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 selenium. Samples were collected every two weeks for a total of six collections. In the fescue study, the procedure was the same except that forage samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, and 22 wk after applying the fertilizer, and the rates were 0, 5, 10, 24, and 120\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 selenium. For bahiagrass, only the 10, 15, and 20\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 selenium treatments reached acceptable levels in the forage (>0.1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) for beef cattle. The 10\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 selenium treatment reached adequate levels (0.25\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) only at 4 wk after application. The 15\u00a0g\u00a0ha\u22121 selenium treatment presented adequate levels of...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Frank G. Martin, N.S. Wilkinson, P. J. Chenoweth, D. L. Wright, W. E. Kunkle, Lee Russell McDowell, D. L. Prichard, G. Valle,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120004294"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120004294", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120004294", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120004294"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120030365", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-29", "title": "Chemical Modifications Caused By Liming Below The Limed Layer In A Predominantly Variable Charge Acid Soil", "description": "Abstract Despite the low mobility in soil, surface liming has increased plant growth and yield. Since only the topsoil is affected by this technique, the benefits may be caused by improvements in soil solution. This experiment aimed to assess chemical changes in the solid phase and leached solutions after addition of calcitic limes to a Humic Hapludox. Calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide was throughly mixed with soil samples at rates of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 1.50-times that required to raise soil pH to 6.0 (equivalent to 0, 3.5, 7.0, 14, and 21 t\u00a0ha\u22121). After 60 days, treated samples were transferred to the top (30\u00a0cm) of leaching columns, filled with unlimed soil in the bottom (23\u00a0cm). Water was percolated weekly through the columns during 12 weeks. Chemical determinations were performed on all leached solutions, and at different soil depths below the limed layer at the end of the experiment. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al) increased linearly in the percolated solution with increases...", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cim\u00e9lio Bayer, Michelle F. S. Ribeiro, Paulo Roberto Ernani,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120030365"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120030365", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120030365", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120030365"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-200036499", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-22", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Loss From Surface-Broadcast Urea: Comparison Of Vented- And Closed-Chamber Methods And Loss In Winter Wheat\u2013Summer Maize Rotation In North China Plain", "description": "Abstract Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an important pathway for fertilizer nitrogen (N) loss from soil and is also a major source of air and environmental pollution. On calcareous soils in North China Plain, application of N fertilizer in the form of urea under intensive cropping with winter wheat (Triticum aestvum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation can lead to serious NH3 loss. The objective of this study was to compare a modified vented-chamber method with the traditional closed-chamber method to measure NH3 volatilization loss under laboratory and field conditions and to determine in situ NH3 volatilization in the field from surface broadcast urea at 0, 120, 240, and 360\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 rates to each crop (for winter wheat, one-half at sowing and the other half at the elongation growth stage; for summer maize, one-half at the 3-leaf and the other half at the 10-leaf growth stage) in a winter wheat and summer maize rotation at the northern edge of North China Plain from October 1998 to September 19...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-200036499"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-200036499", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-200036499", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-200036499"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/pln-120022364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-06-10", "title": "Nitrogen Balance In The Magruder Plots Following 109 Years In Continuous Winter Wheat", "description": "Abstract The Magruder plots are the oldest continuous soil fertility wheat research plots in the Great Plains region, and are one of the oldest continuous soil fertility wheat plots in the world. They were initiated in 1892 by Alexander C. Magruder who was interested in the productivity of native prairie soils when sown continuously to winter wheat. This study reports on a simple estimate of nitrogen (N) balance in the Magruder plots, accounting for N applied, N removed in the grain, plant N loss, denitrification, non\u2010symbiotic N fixation, nitrate (NO3 \u2212) leaching, N applied in the rainfall, estimated total soil N (0\u201330\u00a0cm) at the beginning of the experiment and that measured in 2001. In the Manure plots, total soil N decreased from 6890\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 in the surface 0\u201330\u00a0cm in 1892, to 3198\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 in 2002. In the Check plots (no nutrients applied for 109 years) only 2411\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 or 35% of the original total soil organic N remains. Nitrogen removed in the grain averaged 38.4\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 and N additions...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/pln-120022364"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/pln-120022364", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/pln-120022364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/pln-120022364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-120030593", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-09", "title": "Soil Carbon Dioxide Evolution, Litter Decomposition, And Nitrogen Availability Four Years After Thinning In A Japanese Larch Plantation", "description": "Abstract Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution, litter decomposition, and nitrogen availability was measured four years after thinning in a 19-year-old Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gord.) plantation of central Korea. Four different thinning intensities [control (C), 10% (T10), 20% (T20), and 40% (T40)] were applied. There were significant differences in seasonal mean soil temperature, moisture, and CO2 evolution among the thinning intensities. Annual soil CO2 evolution (Mg CO2 ha\u22121) was 29.8 for C, 27.0 for T10, 24.2 for T20, and 23.8 for T40, respectively, and decreased with the thinning intensity. High soil CO2 evolution in the control and light thinning plots might be related to root respiration from high stand densities. After decomposing for four years, 30 and 23%, 30 and 27%, 21 and 10%, and 28 and 30% of the original needle litter dry mass and nitrogen mass remained for control, T10, T20, and T40, respectively. However, there were no significant trends with the thinning intensity. Needle litter a...", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yoon Lee, Rae Hyun Kim, Young Chul Jun, Soo Yang, Yowhan Son,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-120030593"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-120030593", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-120030593", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-120030593"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/css-200056917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-25", "title": "Effects Of Long\u2010Term Continuous Cropping, Tillage, And Fertilization On Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Of Black Soils In China", "description": "Abstract Cultivation and tillage practices alter soil properties and often lead to decline of soil quality. Adoption of appropriate agricultural management systems, however, may maintain soil productivity. This research examined the effects of long\u2010term continuous cropping, tillage, and fertilization on soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of black soils in China. Soil samples from 11\u2010year tillage, 11\u2010year continuous cropping, and 16\u2010year fertilization experiments were analyzed. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and N declined with depth in all treatments. Compared with a wheat\u2010corn\u2010soybean rotation, continuous cropping of wheat, corn, or soybean reduced SOC and N contents, particularly SOC content. Continuous cropping of corn reduced SOC more than that of soybean or wheat in topsoil layers. Moldboard plowing significantly reduced SOC and N contents, whereas integrated tillage (i.e., moldboard plow for wheat, deep tillage (subsoiling) for soybean, and rotary tillage for corn) increased SOC and N rela...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kai Meng, Xiaozeng Han, Xingyi Zhang, Judong Liu, Baoshan Xing, Xiaobing Liu, Stephen J. Herbert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/css-200056917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20in%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/css-200056917", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/css-200056917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/css-200056917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1081/pln-120022381", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-06-10", "title": "Liming And Cultivars Affect Root Growth, Nodulation, Leaf To Stem Ratio, Herbage Yield, And Elemental Composition Of Alfalfa On An Acid Soil", "description": "Abstract Soil acidity is one of the limiting factors affecting the production and sustainability of pastures and crops in many parts of the world. An on\u2010farm experiment was conducted in Australia to investigate the cultivar variation in alfalfa (lucerne) (Medicago sativa L.) with respect to soil acidity and response to applied lime. The experimental site was a brown sandy clay loam with a soil pH of 4.8 (1:5 calcium chloride). Ten cultivars (Hunter River, Hunterfield, Sceptre, Aurora, Genesis, Aquarius, Venus, PL90, PL55, and breeding line Y8804) were tested at two levels of lime (0 and 2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). Lime application significantly increased the root growth, nodulation, leaf retention, leaf to stem ratio, herbage yield, and crude protein content of alfalfa. Liming had a significant effect on elemental composition of alfalfa shoots. Aluminum (Al) concentration was reduced from 93\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 DM in nil lime treatment to 45\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121 DM in +lime treatment. Similarly, manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) shoot concentrations w...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rex Williams, Harsharn Singh Grewal,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1081/pln-120022381"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1081/pln-120022381", "name": "item", "description": "10.1081/pln-120022381", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1081/pln-120022381"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-22", "title": "Gap assessment in current soil monitoring networks across Europe for measuring soil functions", "description": "Soil is the most important natural resource for life on Earth after water. Given its fundamental role in sustaining the human population, both the availability and quality of soil must be managed sustainably and protected. To ensure sustainable management we need to understand the intrinsic functional capacity of different soils across Europe and how it changes over time. Soil monitoring is needed to support evidence-based policies to incentivise sustainable soil management. To this aim, we assessed which soil attributes can be used as potential indicators of five soil functions; (1) primary production, (2) water purification and regulation, (3) carbon sequestration and climate regulation, (4) soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning and (5) recycling of nutrients. We compared this list of attributes to existing national (regional) and EU-wide soil monitoring networks. The overall picture highlighted a clearly unbalanced dataset, in which predominantly chemical soil parameters were included, and soil biological and physical attributes were severely under represented. Methods applied across countries for indicators also varied. At a European scale, the LUCAS-soil survey was evaluated and again confirmed a lack of important soil biological parameters, such as C mineralisation rate, microbial biomass and earthworm community, and soil physical measures such as bulk density. In summary, no current national or European monitoring system exists which has the capacity to quantify the five soil functions and therefore evaluate multi-functional capacity of a soil and in many countries no data exists at all. This paper calls for the addition of soil biological and some physical parameters within the LUCAS-soil survey at European scale and for further development of national soil monitoring schemes.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "570", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Science", "QC1-999", "soil functions;soil monitoring networks;soil attributes;Europe", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Physics", "Q", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil functions", "15. Life on land", "S590 Soill / Talajtan", "soil monitoring networks", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Europe", "Environmental sciences", "soil attributes", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02622332/file/2017_Leeuwen_Environmental%20Research%20Letters_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9c5c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-26", "description": "Open AccessEn este estudio, se examinaron los efectos de la intensidad del pastoreo de ganado en los flujos de \u00f3xido nitroso (N2O) del suelo en la estepa del prado de Hulunber, en el noreste de China. Se establecieron seis tratamientos de tasa de siembra (0, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69 y 0.92 AU ha\u22121) con tres r\u00e9plicas, y se realizaron observaciones de 2010 a 2014. Nuestros resultados mostraron que se produjeron fluctuaciones temporales sustanciales en el flujo de N2O entre las diferentes intensidades de pastoreo, con flujos m\u00e1ximos de N2O despu\u00e9s de la lluvia natural. El pastoreo tuvo un efecto a largo plazo en el flujo de N2O del suelo en los pastizales. Despu\u00e9s de 4\u20135 a\u00f1os de pastoreo, los flujos de N2O bajo mayores niveles de intensidad de pastoreo comenzaron a disminuir significativamente en un 31.4%\u201360.2% en 2013 y 32.5%\u201350.5% en 2014 en comparaci\u00f3n con el tratamiento sin pastoreo. Observamos una relaci\u00f3n lineal negativa significativa entre los flujos de N2O del suelo y la intensidad del pastoreo para la media de cinco a\u00f1os. El flujo de N2O del suelo se vio afectado significativamente cada a\u00f1o en todos los tratamientos. Durante los cinco a\u00f1os, el coeficiente de variaci\u00f3n temporal (CV) del flujo de N2O del suelo generalmente disminuy\u00f3 significativamente con el aumento de la intensidad del pastoreo. La tasa de emisi\u00f3n de N2O del suelo se correlacion\u00f3 significativamente de manera positiva con la humedad del suelo (SM), el f\u00f3sforo disponible en el suelo (SAP), la biomasa sobre el suelo (AGB), la cobertura vegetal y la altura y se correlacion\u00f3 negativamente con el nitr\u00f3geno total del suelo (TN). Las regresiones escalonadas mostraron que el flujo de N2O se explicaba principalmente por SM, altura de la planta, TN, pH del suelo y suelo Usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, mostramos que el pastoreo influy\u00f3 significativamente directamente en la comunidad de plantas y el entorno del suelo, que luego influy\u00f3 en los flujos de N2O del suelo. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan una referencia importante para comprender mejor los mecanismos e identificar las v\u00edas de los efectos del pastoreo en las tasas de emisi\u00f3n de N2O del suelo, y los impulsores clave de la comunidad vegetal y el entorno del suelo dentro del ciclo del nitr\u00f3geno que probablemente afecten las emisiones de N2O en las estepas de los prados de Mongolia Interior.", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "driving factor", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Science", "QC1-999", "Soil Science", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Environmental science", "meadow steppe", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "GE1-350", "Biology", "TD1-1066", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "2. Zero hunger", "Steppe", "Soil Fertility", "Nitrous oxide", "Ecology", "Physics", "Q", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil N2O fluxes", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "grazing intensity", "Grazing", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "response and mechanism", "Physical Sciences", "Growing season", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ruirui Yan, Huajun Tang, Xiaoping Xin, Baorui Chen, Philip J. Murray, Yunchun Yan, Xu Wang, Guoxiang Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/11/5/054004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Maintaining Yields And Reducing Nitrogen Loss In Rice-Wheat Rotation System In Taihu Lake Region With Proper Fertilizer Management", "description": "In the Tailake region of China, heavy nitrogen (N) loss of rice\u2013wheat rotation systems, due to high fertilizer-N input with low N use efficiency (NUE), was widely reported. To alleviate the detrimental impacts caused by N loss, it is necessary to improve the fertilizer management practices. Therefore, a 3 yr field experiments with different N managements including organic combined chemical N treatment (OCN, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , 20% organic fertilizer), control\u2013released urea treatment (CRU, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , 70% resin-coated urea), reduced chemical N treatment (RCN, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer), and site-specific N management (SSNM, 333 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer) were conducted in the Taihu Lake region with the \u2018farmer\u2019s N\u2019 treatment (FN, 510 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer) as a control. Grain yield, plant N uptake (PNU), NUE, and N losses via runoff, leaching, and ammonia volatilization were assessed. In the rice season, the FN treatment had the highest N loss and lowest NUE, which can be attributed to an excessive rate of N application. Treatments of OCN and RCN with a 22% reduced N rate from FN had no significant effect on PNU nor the yield of rice in the 3 yr; however, the NUE was improved and N loss was reduced 20\u201332%. OCN treatment achieved the highest yield, while SSNM has the lowest N loss and highest NUE due to the lowest N rate. In wheat season, N loss decreased about 28\u201348% with the continuous reduction of N input, but the yield also declined, with the exception of OCN treatment. N loss through runoff, leaching and ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with the N input rate. When compared with the pure chemical fertilizer treatment of RCN under the same N input, OCN treatment has better NUE, better yield, and lower N loss. 70% of the urea replaced with resin-coated urea had no significant effect on yield and NUE improvement, but decreased the ammonia volatilization loss. Soil total N and organic matter content showed a decrease after three continuous cropping years with inorganic fertilizer application alone, but there was an increase with the OCN treatment. N balance analysis showed a N surplus for FN treatment and a balanced N budget for OCN treatment. To reduce the environmental impact and maintain a high crop production, proper N reduction together with organic amendments could be sustainable in the rice\u2013wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region for a long run.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "soil fertility", "grain yield", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rice\u2013wheat rotation", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "organic amendments", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "N loss", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Linzhang Yang, Yingliang Yu, Lihong Xue,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-09", "title": "Climate Change, Water Security And The Need For Integrated Policy Development: The Case Of On-Farm Infrastructure Investment In The Australian Irrigation Sector", "description": "The Australian Government is currently addressing the challenge of increasing water scarcity through significant on-farm infrastructure investment to facilitate the adoption of new water-efficient pressurized irrigation systems. However, it is highly likely that conversion to these systems will increase on-farm energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, suggesting potential conflicts in terms of mitigation and adaptation policies. This study explored the trade-offs associated with the adoption of more water efficient but energy-intensive irrigation technologies by developing an integrated assessment framework. Integrated analysis of five case studies revealed trade-offs between water security and environmental security when conversion to pressurized irrigation systems was evaluated in terms of fuel and energy-related emissions, except in cases where older hand-shift sprinkler irrigation systems were replaced. These results suggest that priority should be given, in implementing on-farm infrastructure investment policy, to replacing inefficient and energy-intensive sprinkler irrigation systems such as hand-shift and roll-line. The results indicated that associated changes in the use of agricultural machinery and agrochemicals may also be important. The findings of this study support the use of an integrated approach to avoid possible conflicts in designing national climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, both of which are being developed in Australia.", "keywords": ["irrigation technologies", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "greenhouse gas emissions", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "Australia", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "water security", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "333", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "integrated trade-offs framework", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-07", "title": "Birch Shrub Growth In The Low Arctic: The Relative Importance Of Experimental Warming, Enhanced Nutrient Availability, Snow Depth And Caribou Exclusion", "description": "Deciduous shrub growth has increased across the Arctic simultaneously with recent climate warming trends. The reduction in albedo associated with shrub-induced \u2018greening\u2019 of the tundra is predicted to cause significant positive feedbacks to regional warming. Enhanced soil fertility arising from climate change is expected to be the primary mechanism driving shrub responses, yet our overall understanding of the relative importance of soil nitrogen\u00a0(N) and phosphorus\u00a0(P) availability and the significance of other ecological drivers is constrained by experiments with varying treatments, sites, and durations. We investigated dwarf birch apical stem growth responses to a wide range of ecological factors (enhanced summer temperatures, deepened snow, caribou exclusion, factorial high level nitrogen and phosphorus additions, and low level nitrogen additions) after six years of experimental manipulations in birch hummock tundra. As expected, birch apical stem growth was more strongly enhanced by the substantial increases in nutrient supply than by our changes in any of the other ecological factors. The factorial additions revealed that P availability was at least as important as that of N, and our low N additions demonstrated that growth was unresponsive to moderate increases in soil nitrogen alone. Experimental warming increased apical stem growth 2.5-fold\u2014considerably more than in past studies\u2014probably due to the relatively strong effect of our greenhouses on soil temperature. Together, these results have important implications for our understanding of the biogeochemical functioning of mesic tundra ecosystems as well as predicting their vegetation responses to climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "nutrient limitation", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "shrub expansion", "Environmental sciences", "climate change", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "Arctic tundra", "experimental warming", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-03", "title": "Winter Climate Controls Soil Carbon Dynamics During Summer In Boreal Forests", "description": "Boreal forests, characterized by distinct winter seasons, store a large proportion of the global terrestrial carbon (C) pool. We studied summer soil C-dynamics in a boreal forest in northern Sweden using a seven-year experimental manipulation of soil frost. We found that winter soil climate conditions play a major role in controlling the dissolution/mineralization of soil organic-C in the following summer season. Intensified soil frost led to significantly higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Intensified soil frost also led to higher rates of basal heterotrophic CO _2 production in surface soil samples. However, frost-induced decline in the in situ soil CO _2 concentrations in summer suggests a substantial decline in root and/or plant associated rhizosphere CO _2 production, which overrides the effects of increased heterotrophic CO _2 production. Thus, colder winter soils, as a result of reduced snow cover, can substantially alter C-dynamics in boreal forests by reducing summer soil CO _2 efflux, and increasing DOC losses.", "keywords": ["soil frost", "carbon dynamics", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "heterotrophic CO2 production", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "boreal forest", "summer season", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-07", "title": "Selection Of Appropriate Calculators For Landscape-Scale Greenhouse Gas Assessment For Agriculture And Forestry", "description": "This letter is intended to help potential users select the most appropriate calculator for a landscape-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment of activities for agriculture and forestry. Eighteen calculators were assessed. These calculators were designed for different aims and to be used in different geographical areas and they use slightly different accounting methodologies. The classification proposed is based on the main aim of the assessment: raising awareness, reporting, project evaluation or product assessment. When the aims have been clearly formulated, the most suitable calculator can be selected from the comparison tables, taking account of the geographical area and the scope of the calculation as well as the time and skills required for the calculation. The main issues for interpreting GHG assessments are discussed, highlighting the difficulty of comparing the results obtained from different calculators, mainly owing to differences in scope, calculation methods and reporting units. A major problem is the poor accounting for land use change; the calculators are usually able to account satisfactorily for other emission sources. One of the main challenges at landscape-scale level is to produce a realistic assessment of the various production systems as the uncertainty levels are very high. The results should always give some indication of the link between GHG emissions and the productivity of the area, although no single indicator is able to encompass all the services produced by agriculture and forestry (e.g. food, goods, landscape value and revenue).", "keywords": ["550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Science", "QC1-999", "indicateur environnemental", "calculators", "710", "AFOLU", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "mitigation", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "gaz \u00e0 effet de serre", "GE1-350", "paysage", "climate", "TD1-1066", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "changement climatique", "Physics", "Q", "landscape;carbon calculators;greenhouse gases;GHG emissions;AFOLU;mitigation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "landscape", "15. Life on land", "carbon calculators", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "GHG emissions", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-01190664/file/Colomb-EnvResLett-2013_%7B85094A8F-159E-4C0A-9FB9-2DA75BDB27B8%7D.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-24", "title": "Using research networks to create the comprehensive datasets needed to assess nutrient availability as a key determinant of terrestrial carbon cycling", "description": "Open AccessA wide range of research shows that nutrient availability strongly influences terrestrial carbon (C) cycling and shapes ecosystem responses to environmental changes and hence terrestrial feedbacks to climate. Nonetheless, our understanding of nutrient controls remains far from complete and poorly quantified, at least partly due to a lack of informative, comparable, and accessible datasets at regional-to-global scales. A growing research infrastructure of multi-site networks are providing valuable data on C fluxes and stocks and are monitoring their responses to global environmental change and measuring responses to experimental treatments. These networks thus provide an opportunity for improving our understanding of C-nutrient cycle interactions and our ability to model them. However, coherent information on how nutrient cycling interacts with observed C cycle patterns is still generally lacking. Here, we argue that complementing available C-cycle measurements from monitoring and experimental sites with data characterizing nutrient availability will greatly enhance their power and will improve our capacity to forecast future trajectories of terrestrial C cycling and climate. Therefore, we propose a set of complementary measurements that are relatively easy to conduct routinely at any site or experiment and that, in combination with C cycle observations, can provide a robust characterization of the effects of nutrient availability across sites. In addition, we discuss the power of different observable variables for informing the formulation of models and constraining their predictions. Most widely available measurements of nutrient availability often do not align well with current modelling needs. This highlights the importance to foster the interaction between the empirical and modelling communities for setting future research priorities.", "keywords": ["Global vegetation models", "550", "manipulation experiments", "Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkages", "Kolefni", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "Jar\u00f0vegur", "Environmental resource management", "Global change", "General Environmental Science", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Carbon-nutrient cycle interactions", "2. Zero hunger", "Data syntheses", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Physics", "Life Sciences", "Application of Stable Isotopes in Trophic Ecology", "Cycling", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Chemistry", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Archaeology", "Physical Sciences", "Nutrient availability", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "LAND", "TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST", "carbon-nutrient cycle interactions", "data syntheses", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "SOIL-PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY", "global vegetation models", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "nutrients", "USE EFFICIENCY", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "GLOBAL CHANGE", "Key (lock)", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Manipulation experiments", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Ecosystem Structure", "Public Health", " Environmental and Occupational Health", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NITROGEN-FIXATION", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient Limitation", "ELEVATED CO2", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeae7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-25", "title": "Revisiting IPCC Tier 1 coefficients for soil organic and biomass carbon storage in agroforestry systems", "description": "Open AccessLos sistemas agroforestales comprenden \u00e1rboles y cultivos, o \u00e1rboles y pastos dentro del mismo campo. A nivel mundial, cubren aproximadamente mil millones de hect\u00e1reas de tierra y contribuyen a los medios de vida de m\u00e1s de 900 millones de personas. Los sistemas agroforestales tienen la capacidad de secuestrar grandes cantidades de carbono (C) tanto en el suelo como en la biomasa. Sin embargo, estos sistemas a\u00fan no se han considerado completamente en el enfoque de la contabilidad C desarrollado por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, en gran parte debido a la alta diversidad de los sistemas agroforestales y la escasez de datos relevantes. Nuestra revisi\u00f3n de la literatura identific\u00f3 un total de 72 art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos revisados por pares asociados con el almacenamiento de biomasa C (50) y con el carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo (SOC) (122), que contienen un total de 542 observaciones (324 y 218, respectivamente). Con base en una s\u00edntesis de las observaciones informadas, presentamos un conjunto de coeficientes de Nivel 1 para el almacenamiento de biomasa C para cada uno de los ocho sistemas agroforestales principales identificados, incluidos cultivos en callejones, barbechos, setos, multiestratos, parques, cultivos perennes sombreados, silvoarables y sistemas silvopastoriles, desglosados por clima y regi\u00f3n. Utilizando la misma clasificaci\u00f3n agroforestal, presentamos un conjunto de factores de cambio de stock (FLU) y tasas de acumulaci\u00f3n/p\u00e9rdida de COS para tres cambios principales en el uso de la tierra (Luc): de tierras de cultivo a agroforester\u00eda; de bosques a agroforester\u00eda; y de pastizales a agroforester\u00eda. A nivel mundial, los factores medios de cambio de stock SOC (\u00b1 intervalos de confianza) se estimaron en 1,25 \u00b1 0,04, 0,89 \u00b1 0,07 y 1,19 \u00b1 0,10, para los tres LUC principales, respectivamente. Sin embargo, estos coeficientes promedio ocultan enormes disparidades entre y dentro de diferentes climas, regiones y tipos de sistemas agroforestales, lo que destaca la necesidad de adoptar los coeficientes m\u00e1s desagregados que se proporcionan en este documento. Alentamos a los gobiernos nacionales a sintetizar datos de experimentos de campo locales para generar factores espec\u00edficos de cada pa\u00eds para una estimaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s s\u00f3lida de la biomasa y el almacenamiento de COS.", "keywords": ["emission factor", "Carbon sequestration", "Biomass (ecology)", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "climate change mitigation", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Enhancement", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Forestry", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "Archaeology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "Physical Sciences", "Ecosystem Functioning", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "land use change", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "Science", "QC1-999", "stockage", "Soil Science", "utilisation des terres", "Environmental science", "biomasse", "Ecosystem services", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "Agroforestry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Land use", " land-use change and forestry", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "carbon sequestration", "Agronomy", "Environmental sciences", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "carbone", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeb5f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-10", "title": "Do alternative irrigation strategies for rice cultivation decrease water footprints at the cost of long-term soil health?", "description": "AbstractThe availability of water is a growing concern for flooded rice production. As such, several water-saving irrigation practices have been developed to reduce water requirements. Alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage have been shown to potentially reduce water requirements while maintaining rice yields when compared to continuous flooding. With the removal of permanently anaerobic conditions during the growing season, water-saving irrigation can also reduce CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions, helping reduce the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the long-term impact of water-saving irrigation on soil organic carbon (SOC)\uffe2\uff80\uff94used here as an indicator of soil health and fertility\uffe2\uff80\uff94has not been explored. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of common water-saving irrigation practices (alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage) on (i) SOC, and (ii) GHG emissions. Despite an extensive literature search, only 12 studies were found containing data to constrain the soil C balance in both continuous flooding and water-saving irrigation plots, highlighting the still limited understanding of long-term impacts of water-saving irrigation on soil health and GHG emissions. Water-saving irrigation was found to reduce emissions of CH4 by 52.3% and increased those of CO2 by 44.8%. CO2eq emissions were thereby reduced by 18.6% but the soil-to-atmosphere carbon (C) flux increased by 25% when compared to continuous flooding. Water-saving irrigation was also found to have a negative effect on both SOC\uffe2\uff80\uff94reducing concentrations by 5.2%\uffe2\uff80\uff94and soil organic nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff94potentially depleting stocks by more than 100 kg N/ha per year. While negative effects of water-saving irrigation on rice yield may not be visible in short-term experiments, care should be taken when assessing the long-term sustainability of these irrigation practices because they can decrease soil fertility. Strategies need to be developed for assessing the more long-term effects of these irrigation practices by considering trade-offs between water savings and other ecosystem services.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "rice", "methane", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "Environmental sciences", "mid-season drainage", "alternate wetting and drying", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/abfe8a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-06", "title": "Decreased soil moisture due to warming drives phylogenetic diversity and community transitions in the tundra", "description": "AbstractGlobal warming leads to drastic changes in the diversity and structure of Arctic plant communities. Studies of functional diversity within the Arctic tundra biome have improved our understanding of plant responses to warming. However, these studies still show substantial unexplained variation in diversity responses. Complementary to functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity has been useful in climate change studies, but has so far been understudied in the Arctic. Here, we use a 25 year warming experiment to disentangle community responses in Arctic plant phylogenetic \uffce\uffb2 diversity across a soil moisture gradient. We found that responses varied over the soil moisture gradient, where meadow communities with intermediate to high soil moisture had a higher magnitude of response. Warming had a negative effect on soil moisture levels in all meadow communities, however meadows with intermediate moisture levels were more sensitive. In these communities, soil moisture loss was associated with earlier snowmelt, resulting in community turnover towards a more heath-like community. This process of \uffe2\uff80\uff98heathification\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in the intermediate moisture meadows was driven by the expansion of ericoid and Betula shrubs. In contrast, under a more consistent water supply Salix shrub abundance increased in wet meadows. Due to its lower stature, palatability and decomposability, the increase in heath relative to meadow vegetation can have several large scale effects on the local food web as well as climate. Our study highlights the importance of the hydrological cycle as a driver of vegetation turnover in response to Arctic climate change. The observed patterns in phylogenetic \uffce\uffb2 diversity were often driven by contrasting responses of species of the same functional growth form, and could thus provide important complementary information. Thus, phylogenetic diversity is an important tool in disentangling tundra response to environmental change.In a forest ecosystem at steady state, net carbon (C) assimilation by plants and C loss through soil and litter decomposition by heterotrophic organisms are balanced. However, a perturbation to the system, such as increased mean soil temperature, will lead to faster decay, enhancing CO2release from decomposers, and thus upsetting the balance. Recentin situexperiments have indicated that the stimulation of soil respiration following a step increase in annual average soil temperature declines over time. One possible explanation for this decline may be changes in substrate availability. This hypothesis is examined by using the ecosystem model G'DAY, which simulates C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in plants and soil.
We applied the model to observations from a soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming experiment in a Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) stand by simulating a step increase of soil temperature. The model provided a good qualitative reproduction of the observed reduction of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) under sustained warming. The simulations showed how the combined effects of faster turnover and reduced substrate availability lead to a transient increase ofRh. The simulated annual increase inRhfrom soil was 60% in the first year after perturbation but decreased to 30% after a decade.
One conclusion from the analysis of the simulations is thatRhcan decrease even though the temperature response function for decomposition remains unchanged. G'DAY suggests that acclimation ofRhto soil warming is partly an effect of substrate depletion of labile C pools during the first decade of warming as a result of accelerated rates of mineralization. The response is attributed mainly to changing levels of C in pools with short time constants, reflecting the importance of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90quality soil C fractions. Changes of the structure or physiology of the decomposer community were not invoked. Therefore, it becomes a question of definition whether the simulated dynamics of the declining response of CO2release to the warming should be named acclimation or seen as a natural part of the system dynamics.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00878.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00878.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00878.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00878.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ac9198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "Vertical pattern of organic matter decomposability in cryoturbated permafrost-affected soils", "description": "AbstractPermafrost thaw will release additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere resulting in a positive feedback to climate change. However, the mineralization dynamics of organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost-affected soils remain unclear. We used physical soil fractionation, radiocarbon measurements, incubation experiments, and a dynamic decomposition model to identify distinct vertical pattern in OM decomposability. The observed differences reflect the type of OM input to the subsoil, either by cryoturbation or otherwise, e.g. by advective water-borne transport of dissolved OM. In non-cryoturbated subsoil horizons, most OM is stabilized at mineral surfaces or by occlusion in aggregates. In contrast, pockets of OM-rich cryoturbated soil contain sufficient free particulate OM for microbial decomposition. After thaw, OM turnover is as fast as in the upper active layer. Since cryoturbated soils store ca. 450 Pg carbon, identifying differences in decomposability according to such translocation processes has large implications for the future global carbon cycle and climate, and directs further process model development.Salt marshes have the ability to store large amounts of \uffe2\uff80\uff98blue carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff99, potentially mitigating some of the effects of climate change. Salt marsh carbon storage may be partially offset by emissions of CH4, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Sea level rise and invasive vegetation may cause shifts between different elevation and vegetation zones in salt marsh ecosystems. Elevation zones have distinct soil properties, plant traits and rhizosphere characteristics, which affect CH4 fluxes. We investigated differences in CH4 emissions between four elevation zones (mudflat, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens and invasive Phragmites australis) typical of salt marshes in the northern Northwest Atlantic. CH4 emissions were significantly higher from the S. alterniflora zone (17.7 \uffc2\uffb1 9.7 mg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared to the other three zones, where emissions were negligible (<0.3 mg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922h\uffe2\uff88\uff921). These emissions were high for salt marshes and were similar to those typically found in oligohaline marshes with lower salinities. CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated with soil properties (salinity, water table depth, bulk density and temperature), plant traits (rhizome volume and biomass, root volume and dead biomass volume all at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) and CO2 fluxes. The relationships between CH4 emissions, and rhizome and root volume suggest that the aerenchyma tissues in these plants may be a major transport mechanism of CH4 from anoxic soils to the atmosphere. This may have major implications for the mitigation potential carbon sink from salt marshes globally, especially as S. alterniflora is widespread. This study shows CH4 fluxes can vary over orders of magnitude from different vegetation in the same system, therefore, specific emissions factors may need to be used in future climate models and for more accurate carbon budgeting depending on vegetation type.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "salt marsh", " methane", " elevation zone", " spartina alterniflora", " spartina patens", " mudflat", " phragmites australis", " quebec", " st lawrence river", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%3A%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcaa181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Significance of root hairs for plant performance under contrasting field conditions and water deficit", "description": "AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious laboratory studies have suggested selection for root hair traits in future crop breeding to improve resource use efficiency and stress tolerance. However, data on the interplay between root hairs and open-field systems, under contrasting soils and climate conditions, are limited. As such, this study aims to experimentally elucidate some of the impacts that root hairs have on plant performance on a field scale.
MethodsA field experiment was set up in Scotland for two consecutive years, under contrasting climate conditions and different soil textures (i.e. clay loam vs. sandy loam). Five barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes exhibiting variation in root hair length and density were used in the study. Root hair length, density and rhizosheath weight were measured at several growth stages, as well as shoot biomass, plant water status, shoot phosphorus (P) accumulation and grain yield.
Key ResultsMeasurements of root hair density, length and its correlation with rhizosheath weight highlighted trait robustness in the field under variable environmental conditions, although significant variations were found between soil textures as the growing season progressed. Root hairs did not confer a notable advantage to barley under optimal conditions, but under soil water deficit root hairs enhanced plant water status and stress tolerance resulting in a less negative leaf water potential and lower leaf abscisic acid concentration, while promoting shoot P accumulation. Furthermore, the presence of root hairs did not decrease yield under optimal conditions, while root hairs enhanced yield stability under drought.
ConclusionsSelecting for beneficial root hair traits can enhance yield stability without diminishing yield potential, overcoming the breeder\uffe2\uff80\uff99s dilemma of trying to simultaneously enhance both productivity and resilience. Therefore, the maintenance or enhancement of root hairs can represent a key trait for breeding the next generation of crops for improved drought tolerance in relation to climate change.Soil salinity, in both natural and managed environments, is highly heterogeneous, and understanding how plants respond to this spatiotemporal heterogeneity is increasingly important for sustainable agriculture in the era of global climate change. While the vast majority of research on crop response to salinity utilizes homogeneous saline conditions, a much smaller, but important, effort has been made in the past decade to understand plant molecular and physiological responses to heterogeneous salinity mainly by using split-root studies. These studies have begun to unravel how plants compensate for water/nutrient deprivation and limit salt stress by optimizing root-foraging in the most favourable parts of the soil.
ScopeThis paper provides an overview of the patterns of salinity heterogeneity in rain-fed and irrigated systems. We then discuss results from split-root studies and the recent progress in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating plant responses to heterogeneous root-zone salinity and nutrient conditions. We focus on mechanisms by which plants (salt/nutrient sensing, root-shoot signalling and water uptake) could optimize the use of less-saline patches within the root-zone, thereby enhancing growth under heterogeneous soil salinity conditions. Finally, we place these findings in the context of defining future research priorities, possible irrigation management and crop breeding opportunities to improve productivity from salt-affected lands.
", "keywords": ["Nutrient heterogeneity", "Water uptake", "Root-to-shoot signalling", "Salinity", "550", "Plant Biology & Botany", "Plant Biology", "Irrigation; nutrient heterogeneity; phytohormones; root foraging; root-to-shoot signalling; salt sensing; stomatal conductance; water uptake", "Stomatal conductance", "Salt sensing", "Plant Roots", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "root foraging", "Soil", "Irrigation", "salt sensing", "Root foraging", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Research", "nutrient heterogeneity", "Water", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "root-to-shoot signalling", "phytohormones", "Phytohormones", "stomatal conductance", "13. Climate action", "Zero Hunger", "water uptake"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/166913/1/21783_2_merged_1643798007.pdf"}, {"href": "https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/129/5/499/43374309/mcac022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7t32v7cc/qt7t32v7cc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/aob/mcac022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/aob/mcac022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/aob/mcac022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcab107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-17", "title": "Disentangling water sources in a gypsum plant community. Gypsum crystallization water is a key source of water for shallow-rooted plants", "description": "AbstractBackground and AimsGypsum drylands are widespread worldwide. In these arid ecosystems, the ability of different species to access different water sources during drought is a key determining factor of the composition of plant communities. Gypsum crystallization water could be a relevant source of water for shallow-rooted plants, but the segregation in the use of this source of water among plants remains unexplored. We analysed the principal water sources used by 20 species living in a gypsum hilltop, the effect of rooting depth and gypsum affinity, and the interaction of the plants with the soil beneath them.
MethodsWe characterized the water stable isotope composition, \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2H and \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a18O, of plant xylem water and related it to the free and gypsum crystallization water extracted from different depths throughout the soil profile and the groundwater, in both spring and summer. Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of water sources to plant xylem sap.
Key ResultsIn spring, all species used free water from the top soil as the main source. In summer, there was segregation in water sources used by different species depending on their rooting depth, but not on their gypsum affinity. Gypsum crystallization water was the main source for most shallow-rooted species, whereas free water from 50 to 100 cm depth was the main source for deep-rooted species. We detected plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in spring, and indirect evidence of possible hydraulic lift by deep-rooted species in summer.
ConclusionsPlants coexisting in gypsum communities segregate their hydrological niches according to their rooting depth. Crystallization water of gypsum represents an unaccounted for, vital source for most of the shallow-rooted species growing on gypsum drylands. Thus, crystallization water helps shallow-rooted species to endure arid conditions, which eventually accounts for the maintenance of high biodiversity in these specialized ecosystems.Global warming is projected to be greatest in northern regions, where forest fires are also increasing in frequency. Thus, interactions between fire and temperature on soil respiration at high latitudes should be considered in determining feedbacks to climate. We tested the hypothesis that experimental warming will augment soil CO2 flux in a recently burned boreal forest by promoting microbial and root growth, but that this increase will be less apparent in more severely burned areas. We used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers to raise temperatures 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff930.9\uffc2\uffb0C across two levels of burn severity in a fire scar in Alaskan black spruce forest. After 3 consecutive years of warming, soil respiration was measured through a portable gas exchange system. Abundance of active microbes was determined by using Biolog EcoPlates\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 for bacteria and ergosterol analysis for fungi. Elevated temperatures increased soil CO2 flux by 20% and reduced root biomass, but had no effect on bacterial or fungal abundance or soil organic matter (SOM) content. Soil respiration, fungal abundance, SOM, and root biomass decreased with increasing burn severity. There were no significant interactions between temperature and burn severity with respect to any measurement. Higher soil respiration rates in the warmed plots may be because of higher metabolic activity of microbes or roots. All together, we found that postfire soils are a greater source of CO2 to the atmosphere under elevated temperatures even in severely burned areas, suggesting that global warming may produce a positive feedback to atmospheric CO2, even in young boreal ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["warming", "carbon", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "root", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "microbe", "storage", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "bacteria", "respiration", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qh265s2/qt8qh265s2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-06", "title": "Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Respond To Experimental Elevation Of Soil Ph And P Availability In Temperate Hardwood Forests", "description": "Many forests are affected by chronic acid deposition, which can lower soil pH and limit the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P), but the response of mycorrhizal fungi to changes in soil pH and P availability and how this affects tree acquisition of nutrients is not well understood. Here, we describe an ecosystem-level manipulation in 72 plots, which increased pH and/or P availability across six forests in Ohio, USA. Two years after treatment initiation, mycorrhizal fungi on roots were examined with molecular techniques, including 454-pyrosequencing. Elevating pH significantly increased arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization and total fungal biomass, and affected community structure of AM and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi, suggesting that raising soil pH altered both mycorrhizal fungal communities and fungal growth. AM fungal taxa were generally negatively correlated with recalcitrant P pools and soil enzyme activity, whereas EcM fungal taxa displayed variable responses, suggesting that these groups respond differently to P availability. Additionally, the production of extracellular phosphatase enzymes in soil decreased under elevated pH, suggesting a shift in functional activity of soil microbes with pH alteration. Thus, our findings suggest that elevating pH increased soil P availability, which may partly underlie the mycorrhizal fungal responses we observed.", "keywords": ["Fungi", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Trees", "Soil", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiw024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiw024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-05", "title": "Interactive Effects Of C, N And P Fertilization On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function In An Amazonian Rain Forest", "description": "Summary
Resource control over abundance, structure and functional diversity of soil microbial communities is a key determinant of soil processes and related ecosystem functioning. Copiotrophic organisms tend to be found in environments which are rich in nutrients, particularly carbon, in contrast to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations.
We hypothesized that microbial biomass, activity and community structure in nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soils of an Amazonian rain forest are limited by multiple elements in interaction. We tested this hypothesis with a fertilization experiment by adding C (as cellulose), N (as urea) and P (as phosphate) in all possible combinations to a total of 40 plots of an undisturbed tropical forest in French Guiana.
After 2\uffc2\uffa0years of fertilization, we measured a 47% higher biomass, a 21% increase in substrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced respiration rate and a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold higher rate of decomposition of cellulose paper discs of soil microbial communities that grew in P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized plots compared to plots without P fertilization. These responses were amplified with a simultaneous C fertilization suggesting P and C colimitation of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms at our study site.
Moreover, P fertilization modified microbial community structure (PLFAs) to a more copiotrophic bacterial community indicated by a significant decrease in the Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative ratio. The Fungi\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0Bacteria ratio increased in N fertilized plots, suggesting that fungi are relatively more limited by N than bacteria. Changes in microbial community structure did not affect rates of general processes such as glucose mineralization and cellulose paper decomposition. In contrast, community level physiological profiles under P fertilization combined with either C or N fertilization or both differed strongly from all other treatments, indicating functionally different microbial communities.
While P appears to be the most critical from the three major elements we manipulated, the strongest effects were observed in combination with either supplementary C or N addition in support of multiple element control on soil microbial functioning and community structure.
We conclude that the soil microbial community in the studied tropical rain forest and the processes it drives is finely tuned by the relative availability in C, N and P. Any shifts in the relative abundance of these key elements may affect spatial and temporal heterogeneity in microbial community structure, their associated functions and the dynamics of C and nutrients in tropical ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "functional significance", "[SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Symbiosis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "environment/Symbiosis", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "multiple resource limitation", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "phosphorus", "environment/Ecosystems", "soil functioning"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12329"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2435.12329"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=SH&offset=5100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=SH&offset=5100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=SH&offset=5050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=SH&offset=5150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9862, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:57:37.398036Z"}