{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-22", "title": "A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene", "description": "Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2267", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:20:01Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "Comparative assessment of PFAS concentrations in emission pathways, surface and groundwater in the upper Danube Basin", "description": "

Recent years have seen increasing interest in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the urban water cycle. PFAS are human-manufactured chemicals that have been employed globally in industrial and household products with outstanding chemical stability and mobility. This study set out a one-year monitoring scheme as a basis to better understand the sources, transport and fate of PFAS at a large catchment scale. The monitoring results will further assist the development of a contamination distribution model. Nine Danube tributary sites including regions with low and high pollution risk were selected, based on the existing monitoring results from other research and inventories of hotspots like industries and landfills, to investigate the appearance of pollutants along the surface water of the catchment. Two locations on the Danube mainstream were targeted for more frequent monitoring of surface water and connected groundwater, furthermore, bank-filtration models will be built for these sites. In the case of point sources, five municipal wastewater treatment plants, four direct industrial dischargers and four legacy landfill sites were selected to identify the impact of these hotspots. Surface runoff at three small catchments dominated by either arable land, grassland or forests, together with samples of atmospheric deposition at three city sites were collected to cover potential diffuse pathways of PFAS transport in the catchment. At the current stage, two-thirds of the sampling has been carried out for the Danube locations and the rest of the sites are approaching completion. Targeted analysis method using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) was employed, to assess the presence of thirty-two different PFAS compounds. Despite the fact of being restricted in the EU, PFOA and PFOS were still detected in most samples. Additionally, short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic (PFCA) and sulfonic (PFSA) acids were prominently detected in 110 surface and groundwater samples, while 97% of the total concentration exceeds the newly proposed EQSD(Environmental Quality Standards Directive) of 4.4 ng/L to EU in 2022. What stands out in the results is that, at a site downstream of an industrial hotspot region in the upper part of the catchment, samples show a total PFAS concentration greater than 2700 ng/L, a significant proportion of which came from two replacement compounds, ADONA and GenX. This “signal” is still observed far downstream. In contrast to most of the tributaries, ADONA and GenX were detected in all samples from the two Danube sites and accounted for the largest proportion of the total concentration. Analysis of twelve groundwater samples below one landfill site observed a median total concentration of 110 ng/L, meanwhile three landfill leachate samples were analysed showing amounts greater than 720 ng/L. In addition to the compounds mentioned above, the presence of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS), Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA) and sulfonamidoacetic acid (FOSAA) were not negligible in these samples. Wastewater samples are still under evaluation and details will be shown at the conference. The monitoring results indicate the significant contribution of hotspot regions and point sources to the PFAS contamination in the river, but at the same time, diffuse inputs must not be ignored.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "PFAS monitoring", "6. Clean water", "PROMISCES case study 2", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2267"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2267", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2267", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2267"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-21", "title": "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500\u2009m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "

Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area can have considerable impact on emission estimates. Consideration of this sensitivity is especially important in areas with heterogeneous land cover and fire regimes and when constraining model output with field measurements. We developed a global fire emissions model with a spatial resolution of 500\u2009m using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To accommodate this spatial resolution, our model is based on a simplified version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) modelling framework. Tree mortality as a result of fire, i.e.\u00a0fire-related forest loss, was modelled based on the overlap between 30\u2009m forest loss data and MODIS burned area and active fire detections. Using this new 500\u2009m model, we calculated global average carbon emissions from fire of 2.1\u00b10.2 (\u00b11\u03c3 interannual variability, IAV)\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 during 2002\u20132020. Fire-related forest loss accounted for 2.6\u00b10.7\u2009% (uncertainty range =1.9\u2009%\u20133.3\u2009%) of global burned area and 24\u00b16\u2009% (uncertainty range =16\u2009%\u201331\u2009%) of emissions, indicating that fuel consumption in forest fires is an order of magnitude higher than the global average. Emissions from the combustion of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the boreal region and tropical peatlands accounted for 13\u00b14\u2009% of global emissions. Our global fire emissions estimate was higher than the 1.5\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4 and similar to 2.1\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4s. Even though GFED4s included more burned area by accounting for small fires undetected by the MODIS burned area mapping algorithm, our emissions were similar to GFED4s due to higher average fuel consumption. The global difference in fuel consumption could mainly be explained by higher SOC emissions from the boreal region as constrained by additional measurements. The higher resolution of the 500\u2009m model also contributed to the difference by improving the simulation of landscape heterogeneity and reducing the scale mismatch in comparing field measurements to model grid cell averages during model calibration. Furthermore, the fire-related forest loss algorithm introduced in our model led to more accurate and widespread estimation of high-fuel-consumption burned area. Recent advances in burned area detection at resolutions of 30\u2009m and finer show a substantial amount of burned area that remains undetected with 500\u2009m sensors, suggesting that global carbon emissions from fire are likely higher than our 500\u2009m estimates. The ability to model fire emissions at 500\u2009m resolution provides a framework for further improvements with the development of new satellite-based estimates of fuels, burned area, and fire behaviour, for use in the next generation of GFED.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-15-8411-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Soil and land management ontology reference document", "description": "The Soil Mission Support (SMS) project supports the European Commission and the Mission Board of the Horizon Europe
Mission in the area of Soil Health and Food in delivering its objectives and related targets. It is assumed that the
Soil Mission and its related objectives and specific targets can only be achieved through healthy soils and for that,
stakeholder engagement is needed. Healthy soils are defined as soils that are in good chemical, biological and physical
condition and thus are able to continuously provide as many ecosystem services as possible (EC, 2021a). Stakeholders
are defined as those who are affected in their interest or concern by changes in soil and land management (Brils et al.,
2022).
With multi-stakeholder processes, language and use of language is very important. The capability to understand each
other is critical. Communication difficulties originate to a large extent from the \u2018jargon\u2019 used in the different communities.
A common language facilitates \u2018learning together\u2019 which helps to build trust, develop a common view on the issues
at stake, resolve conflicts and arrive at joint solutions that are technically sound and that can be implemented in
practice. Ontology defines a common vocabulary for those who, for example, need to converse about a common issue
or share information in a specific domain.
In first instance the shared domain of discourse was defined and then at different levels of hierarchy:
\u00b7 Primary objects of relevance for the domain of discourse were selected;
\u00b7 The inter-relational links between these objects was conceptualized (conceptual model); and
\u00b7 These objects were defined in a representational vocabulary (a common language).
The domain of discourse covers soil and land management aimed to achieve the first six (of the eight) Soil Mission
objectives, which are: 1. reduce desertification, 2. conserve soil organic carbon stocks, 3. stop soil sealing and increase
re-use of urban soils, 4. reduce soil pollution and enhance restoration, 5. prevent erosion, and 6. improve soil structure
to enhance soil biodiversity.
The first level of hierarchy covers soil and land and its use. At this level the following objects have been selected, interrelated
in a conceptual model (i.e. visual of soil and land-use) and defined in a common language: soil, land, landuse
and land-use types (including: urban, industrial, agriculture, forest, nature and protected land).
The second level of hierarchy covers soil management. At his level the following objects have been selected, interrelated
in a conceptual soil management model and defined in a common language: soil management (including: soil
management strategy, measures, program of measures), soil ecosystems (including: ecosystem services, pressures,
healthy soil ecosystems), users (stakeholders) and information.
Lastly, the third level of hierarchy covers the achievement of the first six Soil Mission objectives. At this level the
most relevant objects related to each of these objectives are selected and interrelated to their position in the DPSIR
(Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) framework which is at this 3rd level superimposed on the soil management
model as used for level 2.
The remaining two Soil Mission objectives, i.e. 7. reduce the EU global footprint on soils and 8. improve soil literacy in
society, do not directly relate to the actual management of soil and land. However, also for these mission objectives
some important objects have been selected and defined in a common language.
Experts in the SMS project \u2013 jointly covering the fields of expertise related to all the 8 Soil Mission objectives \u2013 developed
this ontology. This ontology should now be used in soil policy and management practice, such as Living Labs. In
such settings, the ontology can be improved through interaction with stakeholders from different backgrounds, further
increasing its value.
The key-recommendations are:
\u00b7 use this ontology in soil policy and management practice (e.g. Living Labs)
\u00b7 soil policy makers and managers should promote its use in such practice
\u00b7 use the feedback from stakeholders to further improve the ontology
In support of the dissemination of this document a policy brief is prepared and attached as annex in this document.
Both documents are made publicly available via de SMS website: https://www.soilmissionsupport.eu/outputs", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nougues, Laura, Brils, Jos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695641"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7695641", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7695641"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7856487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "HiLSS Project", "description": "This\u00a0repository is periodically updated. Historic Landscape and Soil Sustainability (MSCA-IF-2019 - Individual Fellowships) The HiLSS Project aims to investigate the relationships between sustainability and landscape heritage with particular reference to soil loss and degradation over the long term. The project will take a multidisciplinary approach that combines archaeology, Historical Landscape Characterisation (HLC), geosciences, and computer-based geospatial analysis (GIS - Geographical Information Systems) and modelling (RUSLE - Revisited Universal Soil Loss Equation). The research objectives of the HiLSS project are to quantify the impact of human activities during the Late Holocene in order to create spatial models which can inform the development of sustainable conservation strategies for rural landscape heritage. This project will focus on two mountainous regions that present historical and cultural similarities but located in different climatic zones of Europe (1- Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, Italy; 2- Northern-mid Galicia, Spain). In previous HLC studies, land-use has been evaluated from the perspective of cultural heritage, whereas RUSLE have used it as a proxy for the land-cover of an area and its effect on soil erosion. The HiLSS project will propose an innovative methodology that combines both the historic/cultural values and the environmental values of land-use to inform development of a model for the sustainable conservation. By considering the different agricultural land-use HLC types in GIS-RUSLE modelling, it will be possible to quantify the effect on soil loss for each HLC type and consequently to devise more environmentally sustainable management for each type. Environmental sustainability and historic landscape conservation are typically treated as two separate fields, but the HiLSS project will develop a transformative model for interdisciplinary research, proposing a new way to embrace both cultural and natural values as components of the same landscape management plans. HLC_RUSLE.zip The R script code was developed by dr. F. Brandolini (Newcastle University, UK) to accompany the paper: 'Brandolini, F., Kinnaird, T.C., Srivastava, A., Turner S. -\u00a0Modelling the impact of historic landscape change on soil erosion and degradation. Sci Rep 13, 4949 (2023)'. List of files included in HLC_RUSLE.zip: R_script_code named 'HLC_RUSLE'\u00a0in .rmd format Output folder: Figures folder: .png products of the R script code Rasters\u00a0folder: .png products of the R script code Tables\u00a0folder: .pdf\u00a0products of the R script code GeoTiff folder (.TIFF file format): Regional RUSLE\u00a0Data GPKG:\u00a0HLC dataset\u00a0and\u00a0Region Of Interest file in .gpkg format Spatial statistics to reveal patterns and connections in the historic landscape The R script code was developed by dr. F. Brandolini (Newcastle University, UK) to accompany the paper: '\u00a0F.\u00a0Brandolini & S.\u00a0Turner\u00a0(2022)\u00a0Revealing patterns and connections in the historic landscape of the northern Apennines (Vetto, Italy),\u00a0Journal of Maps,\u00a0DOI:\u00a010.1080/17445647.2022.2088305.\u00a0'. It is available at:\u00a0https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5907229 Supplementary material_Land _SI_Historic Landscape Evolution.zip Supplementary Materials to accompaing\u00a0the paper:\u00a0The evolution of historic agroforestry landscape in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and its consequences for slope geomorphic processes, submitted to\u00a0Land,\u00a0Special Issue\u00a0Historic Landscape Transformation. Project_Publications.zip List of .pdf file included in the folder:\u00a0 1) Brandolini F, Domingo-Ribas G, Zerboni A and Turner S. A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python approach for the identification of anthropogenic palaeo-landscape features [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. Open Res Europe 2021,\u00a01:22\u00a0(https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13135.2) 2) Brandolini F., Turner S.\u00a0 2022 - Revealing patterns and connections in the historic landscape of the northern Apennines (Vetto, Italy), \u00a0Journal of Maps,\u00a0 (https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2088305) 3) Brandolini, F., Kinnaird, T.C., Srivastava, A., Turner S. 2023 -\u00a0Modelling the impact of historic landscape change on soil erosion and degradation. Sci Rep 13, 4949 (2023), (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31334-z) 4)\u00a0Brandolini, F., Compostella, C., Pelfini, M., and Turner, S. 2023 - 'The Evolution of Historic Agroforestry Landscape in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and Its Consequences for Slope Geomorphic Processes' Land 12, no. 5: 1054. (https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051054)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Landscape Archaeology", "11. Sustainability", "RUSLE", "USPED", "15. Life on land", "Historic Landscape Characterisation", "Soil Sustainability", "Soil Erosion Modelling", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Brandolini Filippo", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7856487"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7856487", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7856487", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7856487"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:22:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-21", "title": "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500\u2009m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "

Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area can have considerable impact on emission estimates. Consideration of this sensitivity is especially important in areas with heterogeneous land cover and fire regimes and when constraining model output with field measurements. We developed a global fire emissions model with a spatial resolution of 500\u2009m using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To accommodate this spatial resolution, our model is based on a simplified version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) modelling framework. Tree mortality as a result of fire, i.e.\u00a0fire-related forest loss, was modelled based on the overlap between 30\u2009m forest loss data and MODIS burned area and active fire detections. Using this new 500\u2009m model, we calculated global average carbon emissions from fire of 2.1\u00b10.2 (\u00b11\u03c3 interannual variability, IAV)\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 during 2002\u20132020. Fire-related forest loss accounted for 2.6\u00b10.7\u2009% (uncertainty range =1.9\u2009%\u20133.3\u2009%) of global burned area and 24\u00b16\u2009% (uncertainty range =16\u2009%\u201331\u2009%) of emissions, indicating that fuel consumption in forest fires is an order of magnitude higher than the global average. Emissions from the combustion of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the boreal region and tropical peatlands accounted for 13\u00b14\u2009% of global emissions. Our global fire emissions estimate was higher than the 1.5\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4 and similar to 2.1\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4s. Even though GFED4s included more burned area by accounting for small fires undetected by the MODIS burned area mapping algorithm, our emissions were similar to GFED4s due to higher average fuel consumption. The global difference in fuel consumption could mainly be explained by higher SOC emissions from the boreal region as constrained by additional measurements. The higher resolution of the 500\u2009m model also contributed to the difference by improving the simulation of landscape heterogeneity and reducing the scale mismatch in comparing field measurements to model grid cell averages during model calibration. Furthermore, the fire-related forest loss algorithm introduced in our model led to more accurate and widespread estimation of high-fuel-consumption burned area. Recent advances in burned area detection at resolutions of 30\u2009m and finer show a substantial amount of burned area that remains undetected with 500\u2009m sensors, suggesting that global carbon emissions from fire are likely higher than our 500\u2009m estimates. The ability to model fire emissions at 500\u2009m resolution provides a framework for further improvements with the development of new satellite-based estimates of fuels, burned area, and fire behaviour, for use in the next generation of GFED.

", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2587", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:20:01Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "A meta-analysis of field experiments on the effect of organic matter inputs on N2O emissions in European arable land", "description": "

The focus of previous research regarding the effects of applying organic matter inputs on carbon sequestration has been mostly restricted to a simple quantification of soil organic carbon stock or CO2 balance. However, all a more comprehensive assessment of net carbon balance should also consider non-CO2 GHG sources and sinks across the soil-plant system. The objective of this study is to synthesize results from field experiments, which explore the effects of adding different organic matter inputs to soil on N2O emissions in Europe.A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords in Web of Science, Agricola, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and in the reference list of published reviews and meta-analyses. We included European experiments with diverse arable crops cultivated in monoculture or in crop rotations on mineral soils. Cumulative N2O emissions were monitored in the fields that received either solely organic matter inputs (crop residues, green manure, livestock manure, slurry, digestate, compost, biochar or sludge) or in combination with inorganic fertilization, and inorganic fertilization served as a control. Laboratory, greenhouse studies, or field studies solely on organic soils were excluded from the database, as well as studies on permanent crops, pasture, rice fields, forest and semi-natural areas and wetlands.  The entire database consists of 51 peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 1993 and 2022, and three unpublished items. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured at each site over a period of one month to three years in about 50 sites, in 16 European countries covering all European climate zones, from Alpine North to Mediterranean South. Annual rainfall and average annual temperature varied between 250 mm and 1300 mm, and between 4.5 ⸰C and 19.6 ⸰C, respectively. The impact of organic matter input in terms of quantity, nature, as well as quality was captured by C/N ratio (1 - 390) and amount of N (20 - 420 kg ha-1).  The list of potential moderators consists of soil physical and chemical properties, such as the percentage of soil organic C, clay, silt, sand, soil texture, C/N ratio and pH for each site, and agricultural management practices, such as type and the amount of inorganic fertilization, tillage system, crop residue management and irrigation type.The mean values of cumulative N2O emissions for a duration, standard deviations, and sample sizes (equal to the number of replicates) for organic matter inputs and inorganic fertilization were extracted from tables and figures in articles. To perform a meta-analysis, logarithm response ratio as an index of effect size will be calculated for each study, which will then be summarized across the studies by using weighing procedure. The impact of pedo-climatic characteristics, agricultural management practices, the nature and quality of organic matter inputs on N2O emissions will be studied. Findings of the current meta-analysis will provide a robust conclusion on which type of organic matter inputs under which pedo-climatic conditions and management practices emit negligible or significant amount of N2O compared to inorganic fertilizers.   

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2587"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2587", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2587", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2587"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Effect Of Continued Nitrogen Enrichment On Greenhouse Gas Emissions From A Wetland Ecosystem In The Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China: A 5 Year Nitrogen Addition Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Mounting evidence supports that wetland ecosystems, one of the largest carbon pools on the earth, are exposed to ample nitrogen (N) additions due to atmospheric deposition or N loading from upstream agricultural fertilizer application. However, our understanding of how N enrichment affects the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in wetlands is weak. A 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89year N addition experiment was conducted to examine the responses of CH4 and N2O fluxes as well as ecosystem respiration from wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, through 2005 to 2009. Four levels of N addition (control, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; low\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 60\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921; high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level, 240\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were designed in this study. Overall, our results show that medium and high levels of N addition increased ecosystem respiration by 28% and 69% (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05), respectively, while low\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition has no effect on ecosystem respiration (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). High\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization exerted stronger effects on ecosystem respiration in the initial year than the following years. It indicated that the effects of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization on CO2 might be overestimated by short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observations. High\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N fertilization increased N2O emissions by 396% over the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05), but the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level\uffe2\uff80\uff90N addition did not exert any apparent effect on N2O emissions (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). N2O emission under high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition in the first and fifth years showed stronger pronounced responses to N addition compared with that from the third and fourth years, indicating the importance of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field observation. Over the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, however, the low and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90level N addition showed no effect on N2O emissions. The four levels of N addition exerted no effect on CH4 emissions (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05). Furthermore, the relationship between GHGs and soil temperature or water table depth varied among different plots and experimental time. Our findings highlighted the importance of gas species, experimental time, and the amount of fertilizer N with regard to the responses of GHG emissions to N fertilization.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jgrg.20063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jgrg.20063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3152705963", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:23:17Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Potential agricultural soil carbon sequestration across Europe: a reality check", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;To meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting average global warming to less than 1.5&amp;#176;C above pre-industrial temperatures, European Union (EU) aims to reduce by 40% its domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 and in the longer term to become the world&amp;#8217;s first climate-neutral economy by 2050 (&amp;#8220;Green Deal&amp;#8221;). Today, 10% of the European GHG emissions derive directly from agriculture, and measures to decrease or compensate these emissions are required for achieving climatic goals. The role of soils in the global carbon cycle and the importance of reducing GHG emissions from agriculture has been increasingly acknowledged (IPCC, 2018, EEA report 2019). The &amp;#8220;4 per 1000&amp;#8221; initiative (4p1000) has become a prominent model for mitigating climate change and securing food security through an annual increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by 0.4 %, or 4&amp;#8240; per year, in the first 0-40 cm of soil. However, the feasibility of the 4p1000 scenario and more generally the capacity of European countries to implement soil carbon sequestration (SCS) measures are highly uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of the EJP Soil project, we collected country-specific informationonon on the available knowledge and data of achievable carbon sequestration in mineral agricultural soils (cropland and grassland) across Europe, under various farming systems and pedo-climatic conditions. With this bottom-up approach, we provide a reality check on weather European countries are on track in relation to GHG reductions targets and the &amp;#8220;4p1000&amp;#8221; initiative. First results showed that the availability of datasets on SCS is heterogeneous across Europe. While northern Europe and central Europe is relatively well studied, references are lacking for parts of Southern, Southeaster and Western Europe. Further, this stocktake highlighted that the current country-based knowledge and engagement is still poor; very few countries have an idea on their national-wide achievable SCS potential. Nevertheless, national SCS potentials that were estimated for 13 countries support the view that SCS can contribute significantly to climate mitigation, covering from 1 to 28, 5 % of the domestic GHG emissions from the agricultural sector, which underpins the importance of further investigations.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3152705963"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3152705963", "name": "item", "description": "3152705963", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3152705963"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39025010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:23:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-17", "title": "A systematic benchmarking framework for future assessments of soil health: An example from Denmark", "description": "Based on current evidence and established critical thresholds for soil degradation indicators, it is concerning that over 60-70% of European soils are unhealthy due to unsustainable management and the impact of climate change. Despite European and national efforts to improve soil health, significant gaps remain. The proposal for a Soil Monitoring and Resilience Law, to be implemented by the European Union, seeks to establish a framework for soil monitoring and promote sustainable management practices to achieve healthy soils by 2050. This requires extensive data collection and soil monitoring systems to accurately estimate soil health across Europe, considering the diversity of soil types, climates, and land uses. To establish a framework for soil monitoring, we must understand the site-specific status of soil and the ranges of soil health indicators across specific pedoclimatic regions. In our study, we evaluated the soil status in agricultural areas in Denmark using soil health indicators and a site-specific benchmarking approach. We compiled nationally representative datasets, combining point and model-informed data of soil parameters such as organic carbon content, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, clay-to-soil organiccarbon ratio, water erosion, and nitrogen leaching. By categorizing Danish agricultural soils into monitoring units based on textural classes, landscape elements, and wetland types, we calculated benchmarks for these indicators, considering different cropping systems. Our approach provided detailed point-based results and a spatially explicit overview of the status of soil health indicators in Denmark. We identified areas where soil deviates from the benchmarks of different indicators. Such deviations might indicate soil functions operating outside the normal range, posing potential threats to soil health. This proposed framework could support the establishment of a baseline for assessing the directionality of future changes in soil health. Moreover, it is adaptable for implementation by other countries to support assessments of soil health.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "European soil monitoring and resilience law", "Soil monitoring units", "Denmark", "Climate Change", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil districts", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Soil health indicators", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/39025010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39025010", "name": "item", "description": "39025010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39025010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-023-01091-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-15", "title": "Global observation gaps of peatland greenhouse gas balances: needs and obstacles", "description": "Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories. Addressing concerns about future food supply and climate change requires management practices that maximize productivity per unit of arable land while reducing negative environmental impact. On-farm data were evaluated to assess energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigated maize in Nebraska that received large nitrogen (N) fertilizer (183 kg of N\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and irrigation water inputs (272 mm or 2,720 m 3 ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). Although energy inputs (30 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) were larger than those reported for US maize systems in previous studies, irrigated maize in central Nebraska achieved higher grain and net energy yields (13.2 Mg\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 159 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , respectively) and lower GHG-emission intensity (231 kg of CO 2 e\uffe2\uff8b\uff85Mg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 of grain). Greater input-use efficiencies, especially for N fertilizer, were responsible for better performance of these irrigated systems, compared with much lower-yielding, mostly rainfed maize systems in previous studies. Large variation in energy inputs and GHG emissions across irrigated fields in the present study resulted from differences in applied irrigation water amount and imbalances between applied N inputs and crop N demand, indicating potential to further improve environmental performance through better management of these inputs. Observed variation in N-use efficiency, at any level of applied N inputs, suggests that an N-balance approach may be more appropriate for estimating soil N 2 O emissions than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change approach based on a fixed proportion of applied N. Negative correlation between GHG-emission intensity and net energy yield supports the proposition that achieving high yields, large positive energy balance, and low GHG emissions in intensive cropping systems are not conflicting goals.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "330", "Databases", " Factual", "Plant Sciences", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Nebraska", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop intensification", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agro-ecosystem", "Fertilizers", "environmental footprint"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grassini, Patricio, Cassman, Kenneth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4377", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:20:01Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-22", "title": "What is the place for soils in scenario-based ecosystem services approaches ? A systematic review", "description": "

Prospective studies and scenario-based approaches are pivotal to support land planning, agricultural and environmental management. The integration of soils within such approaches have recently developed significantly, alongside the increasing attention given to soil-related ecosystem services (ES). Such interest is explained by the urgent need to assess how soil ecosystem services and their related threats (ST) (e.g. soil erosion, soil biodiversity loss, soil contamination, soil sealing) may evolve in response to potential changes in climate, production systems or land management. This generally involves describing the dynamics of soil changes over time as a function of different driving forces (e.g., climate change, public policies), but also assessing variations in space considering soil characteristics.A group of researchers participating in the SERENA project of the EJP Soil program conducted a meta-analysis to study the methods used in existing prospective studies focusing on six soil ES (e.g. biomass production, habitat for biodiversity, hydrological control, environmental pollution control, greenhouse gas and climate regulation, pest and disease control) and ten ST (e.g. soil erosion, soil organic carbon loss, nutrient imbalance, soil acidification, soil contamination, waterlogging, soil compaction, soil sealing, salinization, loss of diversity). Approximately 150 scientific articles referenced in Scopus and the Web of Science were selected in order to analyze how soil properties are considered in scenario-based approaches for ES and ST mapping and assessment.The objective of this study is to show the results of this&#160; review which involved multiple researchers at the European level in order to highlight how soils are accounted for in ES and ST assessment and mapping exercises through scenario-based approaches. More particularly, the aims of the review are to: i) understand what main drivers are used in scenarization approaches (e.g. land use changes, climate change) and how the scenarios are developed; ii) what are the main soil properties and the associated metrics used to assess and map soil ES and ST, and; iii) what methodological approaches are currently chosen to assess ES and ST changes across time and space.The outcomes of such an analysis would help highlighting the state of the art of soil ES and ST research at the European level and, therefore, establish milestones to guide future trajectories in the field.This might support and encourage the harmonization of practices at the European level in ES-related studies and in scenarization practices, in order to create operational and homogeneous tools and frameworks to support the development of pertinent strategies and land-planning policies, with a specific focus on agricultural lands.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "scenarization practices", "13. Climate action", "SERENA project", "11. Sustainability", "soil ES", "soil ST", "EJP Soil program", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "3. Good health", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4377"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4377", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4377", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4377"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-16", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Communities To Agroecological Versus Conventional Systems Of Extensive Agriculture", "description": "Abstract World population growth has led to a rise in resource demands imposed on agricultural systems, generating an increased global use of natural resources. However, agroecology proposes self-regulation in order to achieve a sustainable agricultural balance. Therefore, considering the rapid responses of microbial communities to small changes in soil use, the objective of this study was to assess the response of soil microbial communities to agroecological vs. conventional systems of extensive agriculture. Soil sampling was carried out in 2016 and 2017 with three different treatments using the sequence soybean/maize (Glycine max L./Zea mays L.) as the main crop: Agroecological (AE), conventional with cover crops (CC) and conventional without cover crops (control). Species used as cover crops were wheat (Triticum aestivum), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Agroecological treatment showed the lowest total nitrogen (0.18\u202fmg\u202fN\u202fg\u22121) and organic carbon (1.99\u202fmg\u202fC\u202fg\u22121) content of soil, and CC treatment showed the highest value of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, with values 63.2% and 12.1% higher than AE and the control, respectively. However, AE treatment also produced the highest F:B ratio (44.8) and the lowest metabolic quotient (1.14), which indicates an improvement in metabolic efficiency and soil quality. No significant differences were recorded in the abundance of fungal and bacterial communities between treatments. Our results suggest that agroecological management is characterised by fungal dominance in soil microbial communities and a higher microbial metabolic efficiency compared to conventional management. These results demonstrate more efficient use of carbon substrates in agroecological systems, which could counteract the negative effect of the lack of synthetic fertilisation and reduced-tillage in the long term. The findings demonstrate that sustainable agricultural tools with adequate management can be effectively used to preserve soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SUSTAINABILITY", "AGROECOLOGY", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "METABOLIC EFFICIENCY", "MICROBIAL ABUNDANCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-28", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization And Yield Response Of Energy Crops After Fertilization With Biogas Residues In A Coastal Marsh Of Northern Germany", "description": "Abstract Anaerobic co-fermentation of animal slurries and crop silages leads to new types of biogas residues with an uncertain fertilizer value. Ammonia volatilization losses and crop productivity after supplying co-fermented biogas residues were investigated at a marshland site in Northern Germany. Due to the ecological risks of monocultures, maize (Zea mays) in monoculture as the dominant biogas crop in the marsh was tested against a crop rotation (maize, wheat (Triticum aestivum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Biogas residues, applied by trail hoses, and CAN (mineral fertilizer) were used as nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonia losses at all application dates were investigated by an approach including passive flux samplers and a calibrated dynamic chamber method. Simultaneously a micrometeorological technique was used as a reference. A comparison of methods showed a close correlation (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.92) between micromet and passive flux sampler techniques. Ammonia volatilization losses (on average 15% NH4+-N applied) occurred mainly within the first 10\u00a0h. Concomitant with high ammonia losses, a significant yield depression of 5\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121 for ryegrass fertilized by biogas residues compared to CAN was observed. Little or no affect of biogas was observed for maize and wheat. The crop rotation had yields (34\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a02\u00a0year\u22121) that were comparable with the maize monoculture (31\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a02\u00a0year\u22121).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft; name=Sustainability Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/biology; name=Ecosystems Research", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Energy crops", "6. Clean water", "Co-fermentation", "Crop rotation", "Ammonia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Trail hoses", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-022-00773-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-16", "title": "Soil compaction raises nitrous oxide emissions in managed agroecosystems. A review", "description": "Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions with the highest warming global potential. It is widely recognised that traffic and animal-induced compaction can lead to an increased potential for N2O emissions by decreasing soil oxygen supply. The extent to which the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions can be explained by soil compaction is unclear. This review aims to comprehensively discuss soil compaction effects on N2O emissions, and to understand how compaction may promote N2O emission hotspots and hot moments. An impact factor of N2O emissions due to compaction was calculated for each selected study; compaction effects were evaluated separately for croplands, grasslands and forest lands. Topsoil compaction was found to increase N2O emissions by 1.3 to 42 times across sites and land uses. Large impact factors were especially reported for cropland and grassland soils when topsoil compaction\uffe2\uff80\uff94induced by field traffic and/or grazing\uffe2\uff80\uff94is combined with nitrogen input from fertiliser or urine. Little is known about the contribution of subsoil compaction to N2O emissions. Water-filled pore space is the most common water metric used to explain N2O emission variability, but gas diffusivity is a parameter with higher prediction potential. Microbial community composition may be less critical than the soil environment for N2O emissions, and there is a need for comprehensive studies on association between environmental drivers and soil compaction. Lack of knowledge about the interacting factors causing N2O accumulation in compacted soils, at different degrees of compactness and across different spatial scales, limits the identification of high-risk areas and development of efficient mitigation strategies. Soil compaction mitigation strategies that aim to loosen the soil and recover pore system functionality, in combination with other agricultural management practices to regulate N2O emission, should be evaluated for their effectiveness across different agro-climatic conditions and scales. 90 t ha\u22121) was estimated for the lowlands of Slovakia, and the lowest (< 50 t ha\u22121) for the shallow and stony soils of mountain regions. When aggregated to 78 administrative regions at LAU1 level, the area-weighted averages ranged between 39.20 t ha\u22121 and 80.0 t ha\u22121, with the highest values (> 65 t ha\u22121) being in LAU1 regions in the south-west, south-east, and north of Slovakia where arable land is most prevalent. Total SOC storage in 0\u201330cm topsoil of agricultural land in Slovakia was estimated at 118.39 Mt, with two-thirds of this amount stored in arable soils in 33 south-west, south-east, and south LAU1 administrative regions. As there is no alternative and up-to-date dataset on topsoil SOC content in Slovakia, the upscaling algorithm presented in this study is an important step toward utilizing CMS-P data for sub-national SOC inventories. It may also offer a new way of providing inputs to help predict future or alternative regional topsoil SOC accumulation trajectories in Slovakian agricultural land using process-based or statistical models.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Multiple soil classes", "Geographical regionalization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Upscaling of point measurements", "Soil organic carbon inventory", "11. Sustainability", "Soil indicators", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Soil organic carbon modelling", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/19278/1/1-s2.0-S2667010023001397-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Challenges", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100816"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-06", "title": "Antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants: Tackling the black box", "description": "Wastewater is among the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in urban environments. The abundance of carbon sources and other nutrients, a variety of possible electron acceptors such as oxygen or nitrate, the presence of particles onto which bacteria can adsorb, or a fairly stable pH and temperature are examples of conditions favouring the remarkable diversity of microorganisms in this peculiar habitat. The wastewater microbiome brings together bacteria of environmental, human and animal origins, many harbouring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although numerous factors contribute, mostly in a complex interplay, for shaping this microbiome, the effect of specific potential selective pressures such as antimicrobial residues or metals, is supposedly determinant to dictate the fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs during wastewater treatment. This paper aims to enrich the discussion on the ecology of ARB&ARGs in urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs), intending to serve as a guide for wastewater engineers or other professionals, who may be interested in studying or optimizing the wastewater treatment for the removal of ARB&ARGs. Fitting this aim, the paper overviews and discusses: i) aspects of the complexity of the wastewater system and/or treatment that may affect the fate of ARB&ARGs; ii) methods that can be used to explore the resistome, meaning the whole ARB&ARGs, in wastewater habitats; and iii) some frequently asked questions for which are proposed addressing modes. The paper aims at contributing to explore how ARB&ARGs behave in UWTPs having in mind that each plant is a unique system that will probably need a specific procedure to maximize ARB&ARGs removal.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "SWOT analysis", "Wastewater", "15. Life on land", "Wastewater treatment optimization", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Water Purification", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "Anti-Infective Agents", "13. Climate action", "Drug Resistance", " Bacterial", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Antibiotic resistance monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environment%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-07", "title": "Determinants of soil and water conservation practices adoption by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Kenya", "description": "The central highlands of Kenya play a vital role in supporting agricultural activities and sustaining the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Despite its crucial role, the region faces substantial environmental challenges like soil erosion and land degradation, necessitating the adoption of sustainable land management practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices (SWCPs) among smallholder farmers in central Kenya. Primary data was collected from three administrative wards of Tharaka Nithi County (TNC) using 150 semi-structured household (HH) questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and field observations. STATA and Microsoft Office Excel software were used to analyse the HH survey data, using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and the binary logistic regression model. Qualitative data from the KII was analysed through synthesized text summaries. The results show that 65.33 % of the respondents adopted SWCPs on their farms, while 34.67 % did not at the time of our study. The study findings further revealed that farm size (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b0.641; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b1.341; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05) positively influenced the adoption of SWCPs. On the other hand, distance from homestead to farm (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.003; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and age (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.039; p\u00a0\u200b\u2264\u00a0\u200b0.05) negatively influenced the adoption of SWCPs by the farmers. Challenges in SWCPs implementation included inadequate capital (76.53 %), high labor costs (62.24 %), lack of technical knowledge (34.69 %), lack of infrastructure (17.35 %), and insecure land tenure (1.02 %). These study findings hold the potential to guide the TNC government in formulating tailored strategies that can foster the adoption and sustainable implementation of SWCPs among smallholder farmers. If properly implemented, the strategies will bolster agricultural productivity, mitigate soil erosion, and enhance the region's overall environmental and economic well-being.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "05.02. K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1studom\u00e1nyok", "Agriculture (General)", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Soil fertility", "Smallholder farmers", "Binary logistic model", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "Mount Kenya east", "11. Sustainability", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sustainable management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37448/1/34763630.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Farming%20System", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-18", "title": "Soil GHG dynamics after water level rise \u2013 Impacts of selection harvesting in peatland forests", "description": "Managed boreal peatlands are widespread and economically important, but they are a large source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Peatland GHG emissions are related to soil water-table level (WT), which controls the vertical distribution of aerobic and anaerobic processes and, consequently, sinks and sources of GHGs in soils. On forested peatlands, selection harvesting reduces stand evapotranspiration and it has been suggested that the resulting WT rise decreases soil net emissions, while the tree growth is maintained. We monitored soil concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O and O2 by depth down to 80\u00a0cm, and CO2 and CH4 fluxes from soil in two nutrient-rich Norway spruce dominated peatlands in Southern Finland to examine the responses of soil GHG dynamics to WT rise. Selection harvesting raised WT by 14\u00a0cm on both sites, on average, mean WTs of the monitoring period being 73\u00a0cm for unharvested control and 59\u00a0cm for selection harvest. All soil gas concentrations were associated with proximity to WT. Both CH4 and CO2 showed remarkable vertical concentration gradients, with high values in the deepest layer, likely due to slow gas transfer in wet peat. CH4 was efficiently consumed in peat layers near and above WT where it reached sub-atmospheric concentrations, indicating sustained oxidation of CH4 from both atmospheric and deeper soil origins also after harvesting. Based on soil gas concentration data, surface peat (top 25/30\u00a0cm layer) contributed most to the soil-atmosphere CO2 fluxes and harvesting slightly increased the CO2 source in deeper soil (below 45/50\u00a0cm), which could explain the small CO2 flux differences between treatments. N2O production occurred above WT, and it was unaffected by harvesting. Overall, the WT rise obtained with selection harvesting was not sufficient to reduce soil GHG emissions, but additional hydrological regulation would have been needed.", "keywords": ["550", "218 Environmental engineering", "Forestry", "216", "15. Life on land", "Soil greenhouse gas emissions", "ta4112", "Continuous cover forestry", "13. Climate action", "218", "Gradient method", "216 Materials engineering", "11. Sustainability", "Peatland hydrology", "Norway spruce mire", "Climate smart forestry"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165421"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166925", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-09", "title": "Micro- and nanoplastics in soil: Linking sources to damage on soil ecosystem services in life cycle assessment", "description": "Soil ecosystems are crucial for providing vital ecosystem services (ES), and are increasingly pressured by the intensification and expansion of human activities, leading to potentially harmful consequences for their related ES provision. Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), associated with releases from various human activities, have become prevalent in various soil ecosystems and pose a global threat. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), a tool for evaluating environmental performance of product and technology life cycles, has yet to adequately include MNPs-related damage to soil ES, owing to factors like uncertainties in MNPs environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects, and characterizing related damage on soil species loss, functional diversity, and ES. This study aims to address this gap by providing as a first step an overview of the current understanding of MNPs in soil ecosystems and proposing a conceptual approach to link MNPs impacts to soil ES damage. We find that MNPs pervade soil ecosystems worldwide, introduced through various pathways, including wastewater discharge, urban runoff, atmospheric deposition, and degradation of larger plastic debris. MNPs can inflict a range of ecotoxicity effects on soil species, including physical harm, chemical toxicity, and pollutants bioaccumulation. Methods to translate these impacts into damage on ES are under development and typically focus on discrete, yet not fully integrated aspects along the impact-to-damage pathway. We propose a conceptual framework for linking different MNPs effects on soil organisms to damage on soil species loss, functional diversity loss and loss of ES, and elaborate on each link. Proposed underlying approaches include the Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) for translating ecotoxicological effects associated with MNPs into quantitative measures of soil species diversity damage; trait-based approaches for linking soil species loss to functional diversity loss; and ecological networks and Bayesian Belief Networks for linking functional diversity loss to soil ES damage. With the proposed conceptual framework, our study constitutes a starting point for including the characterization of MNPs-related damage on soil ES in LCA.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Damage modeling", "Life Cycle Stages", "Terrestrial ecology", "Soil organisms", "Pollution and contamination", "Microplastics", "Bayes Theorem", "15. Life on land", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production; name=SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "6. Clean water", "Soil sciences", "Soil", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "13. Climate action", "Soil health", "11. Sustainability", "Biodiversity loss", "Humans", "Animals", "Life cycle impact assessment", "Soil ecosystem", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166925"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166925", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166925", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166925"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-30", "title": "Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment", "description": "Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in line with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while concentrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by contaminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.", "keywords": ["Organic farming", "organic agriculture", "Risk Assessment", "630", "Societal wastes", "12. Responsible consumption", "Organic contaminants", "Soil", "Soil biology", "RELACS", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Soil Pollutants", "recycled nutrients", "FiBL25054", "Fertilizers", "Abacus", "Risk assessment", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Sewage", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "contaminants", "environment", "Plastics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:helvia.uco.es:10396/21088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:28:31Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Organic carbon in agricultural and agroforestry soils: Effect of different management practices", "description": "Open AccessSoil is a global resource that has the capacity to contain large amounts of organic carbon. In fact, soils contain more carbon than plants and the atmosphere combined. However, in recent decades human activities such as land-use change, deforestation, biomass burning, and environmental pollution have accelerated the release of terrestrial carbon into the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect. The study of soil organic carbon cycle was recognized in the last decades as a necessary step for controlling future increases in atmospheric CO2, as well as necessary to simultaneously ensure the sustainability agricultural activities. A better comprehension of the he dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in different agricultural systems will allow an improvement of soil quality and soil organic carbon storage under different climate and soil conditions. However, despite of decade\u2019s long research on this subject, there is still the need for a better appraisal of soil carbon dynamics in specific agricultural systems based on robust in field empirical studies. So, relevant contributions to a better understanding of the impact of land use on the global carbon cycle is of great importance. The present research, framed in the context of a PhD specialization on soil carbon in agricultural areas, is aimed to generate new information on the effect of different factors (climate, land use, management, altitude, and soil type) that influence the sequestration and accumulation of organic carbon along the profile in the soil in different agricultural and forest systems across contrasting edaphoclimatic conditions. This research includes not only new quantitative information on soil organic carbon, but also innovative studies on its distribution among different soil carbon compartments and on the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on soil organic carbon determination. The first study (Chapter 2) is an analysis of the effect of different agricultural uses in a subtropical climate, in the area of the Carrizal River valley in the province of Manab\u00ed Ecuador, based on the analysis of 64 soil profiles. In each profile simples were taken in the soil profile horizons to obtain the concentration of organic carbon up to a maximum depth of 150 cm in different agricultural management (permanent, intensive rotation and abandoned crops), In this study twenty-one different agricultural uses were identified. As expected, the highest concentrations of soil organic carbon happened in the A horizon, which has an average thickness of 40 cm. A trend towards a higher carbon sequestration potential was observed in the grass, intercropping like cocoa with banana and corn area management with an average value of 1.7% C, much higher than the area under mechanized agriculture, which presented lower carbon concentration, with an average value of 0.26% C. Regarding the total soil organic carbon stock, the first horizon accumulated more carbon compared to the other (B and C) soil profiles, with an average value of 41.32\u00b120.97 t C ha\u22121 and 15.06\u00b115.61 t C ha\u22121, respectively. The second study (Chapter 3) evaluated the effect of forest management in a temperate climate. For this study, soil samples were taken in a managed environment of forest species (Alnus incana, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Mixed: stands containing beech and spruce) in an elevation range from <900 m a.s.l. to >1100 m a.s.l. from the Babia G\u00f3ra National Park in southern Poland. Sampling points were taken up to a maximum depth of 100 cm. The results in this study revealed that the SOC reserves in the mountain soils of the Babi G\u00f3ra National Park are characterized by their great variability (from 50.10 t ha\u22121 to 905.20 t ha\u22121). In the conditions of this study, the type of soil is the dominant factor determining soil organic carbon stock, which coupled with topographic factors influence soil and vegetation conditions. This explains such diversity in the accumulation of soil organic carbon in different mountain soils in the areas. The largest carbon stock was recorded in histosols (>550 t C ha\u22121), which are located in the lower part of the national park. The third block of the research focused on two field studies in one of the most important agroforestry systems across the Mediterranean, dehesa. The first study (Chapter 4) is located in a dehesa in Hinojosa del Duque in C\u00f3rdoba, Spain: Dehesa is an agro-silvo-pastoral system which combines open land and low density trees (holm oaks). In this first study we investigated two adjacent dehesas on the same soil type but different characteristics. One was a pastureland with young holm oaks (planted in 1995 with a density of 70 trees ha\u22121 at 12 m x 12 m spacing. The area had been grazed by Merino sheep since 2000, at a grazing rate of 3 sheep per hectare. The second, adjacent area is a cultivated pasture with mature oaks with a minimum age of 90-100 years widely spaced (1.2 trees ha\u22121). Every three years, a mixture of peas and oats is grown for hay. Tillage is used for the preparation of this seeding except in the immediate vicinity (about 0.3-0.4 m) of the tree trunk. The first dehesa at higher tree density was part of this second dehesa, and so both had the same characteristics until year 1995. Both dehesas were sampled simultaneously in 2017. Sampling points were taken under and outside the canopy projection up to a maximum depth of 100 cm divided into 8 sections (0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, and 80- 100 cm). The results showed that a change in dehesa type from an old low density dehesa combining pasture with seeding every 3 years to a one only pastured with increased tree growth (70 trees ha), showed no significant differences in carbon concentration after 22 years\u2019 sicen implanting the more dense dehesa. A clear stratification of carbon was observed in the soil profile, particularly in the top 10 cm of the soil, as well as an effect of the adult tree which resulted in a higher concentration under the tree canopy in the middle soil depth section (20-40 cm) in the mature dehesa. Significant difference in carbon stock was only observed in the top 0-2 cm (5.86\u00b10.56 t ha1 vs 3.24\u00b10.37 t ha1, been higher in the newly planted dehesa. To our knowledge this is the first study evaluating in dehesa the distribution of soil organic carbon into this four (unprotected and physically, chemically and biochemically protected) fractions. Our results showed how most of the carbon in the two dehesas was stored in the unprotected fraction, been its relative contribution higher in the top 0-2 cm o the pastured dehesa and in the below canopy area of the mature trees in the cropped dehesa. This indicates that much of the fraction contained in these soils is particularly vulnerable to hypothetical changes to less sustainable managements. The second study in dehesa (Chapter 5) was located in the municipality of Pozoblanco in the north of the province of Cordoba. In this area three areas of continuous extensive grazing for more than 50 years with cattle, sheep, and pigs were identified, and three areas with different intensity were studied. These areas were: I) Intensive grazing management. II) moderate grazing management and III) no grazing (area excluded for more than 20 years). Sampling points were taken at each of the three areas up to a maximum depth of 30 cm divided into 5 sections (0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm). Concentrations at different grazing intensities showed, as expected, higher carbon concentrations at the surface soil layer (0-2 cm) average of 1.59\u00b10.44%, decreasing to 0.48\u00b10.15% in the deeper section of the soil profile at 20-30 cm. Contradicting our initial hypothesis, no differences in soil organic carbon concentration were detected among the three areas with different grazing intensities, The total carbon stock was analyzed in the whole soil profile (0-30 cm), indicating non significant differences among the two grazed areas, average value of 27 t ha\u22121, or the area without grazing 26 t ha\u22121. As in the previous dehesa, the dominant fraction was the unprotected carbon. However, in this case the relative differences in the soil organic carbon concentration between the unprotected fraction and the physically and the chemically protected fractions was larger than in the first dehesa, particularly because the protected fractions tended to show a higher concentration than in the dehesa studied in Chapter 4. Using the empirical results from the study of the second dehesa, we developed a spectral library and predictive equations of concentration of soil organic carbon using Vis-NIR (Chapter 6) from this dataset. The accuracy of the SOC predictive models was very good, with R2 higher than 0.95 and residual predictive deviation (RPD) higher than 4.54, respectively. Refinement of VIS-NIR techniques, such as the one discussed in Chapter 6, could increase our ability to provide more affordable and robust technologies to measure large numbers of samples with the required accuracy, although it is less clear how to address other important sources of variability, such as soil depth, soil type, bulk density, and rock content. To reduce this uncertainty will be of great relevance to continue performing detailed experiments to better quantify on the effect of land use and cropping systems on soil organic carbon content, such as those described in chapters 3, 5 and 5. To date, these experiments are irreplaceable to test specific hypothesis relevant at local level (like the time to increase soil organic carbon stock after planting at higher density, Chapter 4), but also to create a corpus of available data which could improve, or lead to new ones, conceptual or numerical simulation models that can systematize our understanding of the soil organic carbon cycle and eventually reduce the need for large-scale sampling to verify the evolution of soil organic carbon in agricultural systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon", "11. Sustainability", "Agricultural systems", "15. Life on land", "Agroforestry", "Land-use", "Organic carbon", "Forest systems", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Reyna-Bowen, Lizardo", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:helvia.uco.es:10396/21088"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:helvia.uco.es:10396/21088", "name": "item", "description": "oai:helvia.uco.es:10396/21088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:helvia.uco.es:10396/21088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-25", "title": "How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? \u2013 A review", "description": "The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that canmitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential.Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogenfertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linkingprocesses of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Peatland hydrology management", "CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION", "WOOD ASH APPLICATION", "530", "Greenhouse gas", "SITE PREPARATION", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "BELOW-GROUND CARBON", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "PONDEROSA PINE", "GE", "PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "004", "Forest fertilization", "Harvesting practices", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Forest fire management", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Forest soil carbon management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-09", "title": "Scenario Uncertainties In Estimating Direct Land-Use Change Emissions In Biomass-To-Energy Life Cycle Assessment", "description": "The use of biomass for energy production has increasingly been encouraged in the United States, in part motivated by the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to fossil fuels. However, the GHG-intensity of biomass-derived energy is highly dependent on how the biomass is obtained and used. We explore scenario uncertainty in GHG estimates in the Calculating Uncertainty in Biomass Emissions (CUBE) model and find that direct land-use change emissions that result during the biomass production often dominate the total \u201cfarm-to-hopper\u201d GHGs. CUBE represents each land-use change decision as a conversion of land from one of four specified baseline ecosystem to produce one of seven feedstock crops, both distinct by geographic region, and then determines the implied changes in soil organic carbon, root carbon, and above-ground biomass. CUBE therefore synthesizes and organizes the existing literature to represent direct land-use change emissions in a way that can be more readily incorporated into life cycle assessment. Our approach to representing direct land-use change literature has been applied to a specific set of data and offers immediate implications for decisionmakers, but it can also be generalized and replicated in the future, making use of improved scientific data on the magnitude and rates of direct land-use change emissions as it becomes available.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10926174", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:24:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry", "description": "Abstract

Our planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to \uffe2\uff80\uff98green chemistry\uffe2\uff80\uff99 encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.Bioenergy is becoming an important option in Global Change mitigation policy world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide. In agriculture, cultivation of energy crops for biodiesel, biogas, or bioethanol production received considerable attention in the past decades. Beyond this, the cultivation of Miscanthus, used as solid fuel for combustion, may lead to an increase in soil organic matter content compared to other agricultural land use, since C\uffe2\uff80\uff90sequestration potential in soils of Miscanthus crops is high due to, e.g., high amounts of harvest residues. This may indirectly contribute to a reduction of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The objective of the present work was to investigate the development of soil organic carbon and Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C contents, as well as to estimate carbon stocks in soils cultivated with Miscanthus using 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural\uffe2\uff80\uff90abundance technique. The investigations were carried out in relation to soil depth up to 150\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm in a sequence of 2, 5, and 16 y of cultivation relative to a reference soil cultivated with cereals. Amounts of total organic C (TOC) and Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived C (Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) increased with increasing duration of cultivation. For example, TOC increased from 12.8 to 21.3 g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 after 16 y of cultivation at the depth of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, whereby the portion of Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90C reached 5.8 g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931. Also within deeper soil layers down to 60\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth a significant enhancement of Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90C was detectable even though TOC contents were not significantly enhanced. At soil depth below 60\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, no significant differences between treatments were found for Miscanthus\uffe2\uff80\uff90C. Within 16 y of continuous commercial farming, Miscanthus stands accumulated a total of 17.7 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 derived from Miscanthus residues (C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90C), which is equivalent to 1.1 Mg C4\uffe2\uff80\uff90C ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 y\uffe2\uff80\uff931. The annual surplus might function as CO2 credit within a greenhouse\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas balance. Moreover, the beneficial properties of Miscanthus cultivation combined with a low requirement on fertilization may justify the status of Miscanthus as a sustainable low\uffe2\uff80\uff90input bioenergy crop.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Daniel Felten, Christoph Emmerling,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201100250"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jpln.201100250", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jpln.201100250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jpln.201100250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:24Z", "title": "Biofuel Crops And Soil Quality And Erosion", "description": "Biofuel or energy crop production aims at maximizing the carbon (C) harvest for conversion into fuel. Since soils are involved in the processing chain the question, however, is if this conversion can be done without compromising soil quality. In this chapter we discuss the soil quality aspect of biofuel production. The production of biofuel crops might simultaneously affect a combination of soil properties and stipulating severe human-driven soil quality threats, out of which the decline of soil organic matter (SOM), the increase of erosion risks, and on and off-site pollution and nutrient losses are the most pronounced. We consider the differences between annual and perennial crops out of the effects of management and land-use change (LUC), including an issue of soil organic carbon (SOC) budget and sustainable removal of crop residues for energy production. Consequently, we discuss soil quality under biofuel crop production as affected by these threats to provide essential soil services. The challenges of the soil quality aspect of sustainable biofuel crop production, which include by-product management, soil remediation potential, and utilization of idle and degraded soils for biofuels, are also covered by this chapter", "keywords": ["soil erosion", "soil organic carbon (SOC)", "biofuel crops", "biofuel production", "soil quality", "land-use change (LUC)", "sustainability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118635797.ch8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/9781118635797.ch8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/9781118635797.ch8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2014gb004924", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-17", "title": "Estimating the soil carbon sequestration potential of China's Grain for Green Project", "description": "Abstract

The largest area of planted forest in the world has been established in China through implementation of key forestry projects in recent years. These projects have played an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere, which is considered to be a potential mitigation strategy for the effects of global climate change. However, carbon sequestration in soil (soil organic carbon, SOC) after afforestation or reforestation is not well understood, particularly for specific key forestry projects. In this study, the SOC change in the top 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm of soil for each type of restoration implemented under China's Grain for Green Project (GGP) was quantified by a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of data from published literature and direct field measurements. Soil carbon sequestration due to the GGP during 1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932012 was estimated using data on the annual restoration area at provincial level and functions that relate SOC stock change to controlling factors (e.g., plantation age, forest zone, and type of forestation). Soil carbon sequestration of the GGP was estimated to be 156\uffc2\uffb1108 Tg C (95% confidence interval) for current restoration areas prior to 2013, with a mean accumulation rate of 12\uffc2\uffb18 Tg C yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The soil carbon sequestration potential of existing plantation zones is predicted to increase from 156\uffc2\uffb1108 Tg C in 2013 to 383\uffc2\uffb1188 Tg C in 2050 under the assumption that all plantation areas are well preserved. Plantations in northwestern, southern, and southwestern zones contributed nearly 80% of total soil carbon sequestration, while soil C sequestration in northeastern China was much more variable. Improved data sources, measurements of SOC in the organic layer, greater sampling depth, and better distribution of sampling sites among GGP regions will reduce the uncertainty of the estimates made by this study.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pengfei Han, Shengwei Shi, Shengwei Shi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004924"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2014gb004924", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2014gb004924", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2014gb004924"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.286", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-12", "title": "Impacts Of Co-Location, Co-Production, And Process Energy Source On Life Cycle Energy Use And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Lignocellulosic Ethanol", "description": "Abstract

The performance of lignocellulosic ethanol in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy use when substituting for gasoline depends on production technologies and system decisions, many of which have not been considered in life cycle studies. We investigate ethanol production from short rotation forestry feedstock via an uncatalyzed steam explosion pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process developed by Mascoma Canada, Inc., and examine a set of production system decisions (co\uffe2\uff80\uff90location, co\uffe2\uff80\uff90production, and process energy options) in terms of their influence on life cycle emissions and energy consumption. All production options are found to reduce emissions and petroleum use relative to gasoline on a well\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheel (WTW) basis; GHG reductions vary by production scenario. Land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use\uffe2\uff80\uff90change effects are not included due to a lack of applicable data on short rotation forestry feedstock. Ethanol production with wood pellet co\uffe2\uff80\uff90product, displacing coal in electricity generation, performs best amongst co\uffe2\uff80\uff90products in terms of GHG mitigation (\uffe2\uff88\uff92109% relative to gasoline, WTW basis). Maximizing pellet output, although requiring import of predominately fossil\uffe2\uff80\uff90based process energy, improves overall GHG\uffe2\uff80\uff90mitigation performance (\uffe2\uff88\uff92130% relative to gasoline, WTW). Similarly, lower ethanol yields result in greater GHG reductions because of increased co\uffe2\uff80\uff90product output. Co\uffe2\uff80\uff90locating ethanol production with facilities exporting excess steam and biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90based electricity (e.g. pulp mills) achieves the greatest GHG mitigation (\uffe2\uff88\uff92174% relative to gasoline, WTW) by maximizing pellet output and utilizing low\uffe2\uff80\uff90GHG process energy. By exploiting co\uffe2\uff80\uff90location opportunities and strategically selecting co\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, lignocellulosic ethanol can provide large emission reductions, particularly if based upon sustainably grown, high yield, low input feedstocks. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.286"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.286", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.286", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.286"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-12", "title": "Acclimation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emission From Subarctic Heath Under Long-Term Moderate Warming", "description": "Abstract

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from subarctic ecosystems have shown to increase drastically in response to a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term temperature increase of only 2\uffc2\uffb0C. We assessed whether this increase takes place already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming and how the increase changes over time. To test this, we measured BVOC emissions and CO2 fluxes in a field experiment on a subarctic wet heath, where ecosystem plots were subjected to passive warming by open top chambers for 3 (OTC3) or 13\uffc2\uffa0years (OTC13) or were kept as unmanipulated controls. Already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of moderate temperature increase of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffb0C, warming increased the emissions of isoprene (five\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to sixfold) and monoterpenes (three\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to fourfold) from the subarctic heath. The several\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold higher BVOC emissions in the warmed plots are likely a result of increased vegetation biomass and altered vegetation composition as a shift in the species coverage was observed already after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming. Warming also increased gross ecosystem production and ecosystem respiration, but the increases were much lower than those for BVOCs. Our results demonstrate that the strong BVOC responses to warming already appeared after 3\uffc2\uffa0years, and the BVOC and CO2 fluxes had acclimated to this warming after 3\uffc2\uffa0years, showing no differences with another 10\uffc2\uffa0years of warming. This finding has important implications for predicting CO2 and BVOC fluxes in subarctic ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["BVOC", "Arctic", "climate change", "tundra", "13. Climate action", "CO2 exchange", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "isoprene", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004139"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004139"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017jg004139", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017jg004139"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.1369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-11", "title": "Future Ghg Emissions More Efficiently Controlled By Land-Use Policies Than By Bioenergy Sustainability Criteria", "description": "Abstract

The EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) targets, implemented to achieve climate change mitigation, affect the level of agricultural production in the EU and in the rest of the world. This article presents an impact assessment of increased biomass supply under different sustainability constraints on land use and resulting total GHG emissions at global and EU level. We apply GLOBIOM, a global partial equilibrium model integrating the agricultural, livestock, bioenergy and forestry sectors based on geographically explicit modeling of supply under prescribed demand. According to the model, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (LUC) are anticipated to rise significantly up to 2030 due to various drivers (among others: GDP and population, diet shifts, and also bioenergy demand) despite basic sustainability criteria implemented by the RED (Reference scenario). Applying additional criteria, mainly protecting biodiversity outside the EU, overall GHG emissions can be reduced by 5% in 2030 compared to the Reference. Deforestation area decreases in this scenario slightly due to exclusion of high biodiversity forests but also due to increasing demand for energy wood that makes forests more valuable. If, however, in addition, deforestation is prevented through effective land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use policies, global GHG emissions can be reduced by 20% (compared to the Reference scenario). We conclude that sustainability criteria applied to biofuel production and imports only, do not mitigate potential negative impacts on total GHG emissions effectively. Unsustainable biomass production in sectors not covered by the bioenergy criteria can be best avoided by targeting deforestation and biodiversity loss directly. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons,\uffe2\uff80\uff89Ltd

", "keywords": ["forests", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "co2 emissions", "crisis", "carbon sink", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.1369", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.1369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.1369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.1396", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-19", "title": "Assessing The Effect Of Stricter Sustainability Criteria On Eu Biomass Crop Potential", "description": "Abstract

This paper investigates how different sustainability criteria restrict the supply of cropped biomass sources within the EU. There are already mandatory sustainability criteria formulated in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) at EU level for biomass feedstocks to be used for conversion into biofuels. For solid and gaseous biomass feedstock, however, there are only recommendations formulated by the European Commission (EC) to be adopted on a voluntary basis by the EU member states (MS). This paper specifically focuses on the potential supply of biomass from crops for all bioenergy sectors when applying stricter sustainability criteria. These criteria relate to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets, including indirect land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change (iLUC) related GHG emissions, and the introduction of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90go areas, such as areas of high biodiversity value and high carbon stock. The results show that stricter criteria indeed reduce the cropping potential and change the crop mix significantly, as rotational arable crops for biofuels do no longer comply with the stricter mitigation criteria. This is because they usually compete with food and feed crops for higher quality land requiring a compensation for iLUC emissions. The stricter sustainability criteria can only be applied successfully if they are accompanied by a change in demand, in particular for lignocellulosic biomass for advanced biofuels and other bioenergy uses. Without stimulation of such pathways, it will be difficult to realize improved sustainability in the bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy sector. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["economic-analysis", "330", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "conservation", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "333", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.1396", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.1396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.1396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.1407", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-12", "title": "The \u2018Debt\u2019 Is In The Detail: A Synthesis Of Recent Temporal Forest Carbon Analyses On Woody Biomass For\u2009Energy", "description": "Abstract

The temporal imbalance between the release and sequestration of forest carbon has raised a fundamental concern about the climate mitigation potential of forest biomass for energy. The potential carbon debt caused by harvest and the resulting time spans needed to reach pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest carbon levels (payback) or those of a reference case (parity) have become important parameters for climate and bioenergy policy developments. The present range of analyses however varies in assumptions, regional scopes, and conclusions. Comparing these modeling efforts, we reveal that they apply different principle modeling frameworks while results are largely affected by the same parameters. The size of the carbon debt is mostly determined by the type and amount of biomass harvested and whether land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change emissions need to be accounted for. Payback times are mainly determined by plant growth rates, i.e. the forest biome, tree species, site productivity and management. Parity times are primarily influenced by the choice and construction of the reference scenario and fossil carbon displacement efficiencies. Using small residual biomass (harvesting/processing), deadwood from highly insect\uffe2\uff80\uff90infected sites, or new plantations on highly productive or marginal land offers (almost) immediate net carbon benefits. Their eventual climate mitigation potential however is determined by the effectiveness of the fossil fuel displacement. We deem it therefore unsuitable to define political guidance by feedstock alone. Current global wood pellet production is predominantly residue based. Production increases based on low\uffe2\uff80\uff90grade stemwood are expected in regions with a downturn in the local wood product sector, highlighting the importance of accounting for regional forest carbon trends. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["carbon payback", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "carbon neutrality", "02 engineering and technology", "bioenergy", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "forest biomass", "carbon parity", "Temporal carbon", "carbon debt", "SDG 15 - Life on Land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1407"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.1407", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.1407", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.1407"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.271", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-15", "title": "Parallel Production Of Biodiesel And Bioethanol In Palm-Oil-Based Biorefineries: Life Cycle Assessment On The Energy And Greenhouse Gases Emissions", "description": "Abstract

The main objective of this life cycle assessment (LCA) study is to determine the environmental consequences of the inclusion of second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuels (bioethanol from palm oil biomass) toward current palm oil biodiesel production through a \uffe2\uff80\uff98seed\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheel\uffe2\uff80\uff99 LCA analysis. Their energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indicators are evaluated with consequential approach for system delimitation. Although all scenarios provide positive environmental impact, it is found that the inclusion of bioethanol production in the current palm oil processing will decrease the net energy ratio (NER) and net carbon emission ratio (NCER) values by 27.5% and 66.6%, respectively. Moreover, carbon emission savings (CES) value is also found to decrease by a total of 21.9%. This indicates that a higher amount of energy input and GHG emissions is actually required for the bioethanol processing than the amount of energy it will produce and the GHG from fossil fuels it will displace. The sensitivity analysis performed on the yields of bioethanol shows that the minimum conversion threshold should be larger than 60% in order to have a higher energy and GHG emission ratio than current palm oil biodiesel processing. Sensitivity analysis on direct land use change and waste\uffe2\uff80\uff90water treatment is also carried out which discourages the expansion of palm oil plantation to primary forest (including peatland) and emphasizes the need for a biogas harvesting system. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.271"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.271", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.271", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.271"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bbb.276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-28", "title": "The Indirect Effects Of Biofuels And What To Do About Them: The Case Of Grass Biomethane And Its Impact On Livestock", "description": "Abstract

Grass biomethane surpasses the 60% greenhouse gas (GHG) savings relative to the fossil fuel replaced required by EU Directive 2009/28/EC. However, there are growing concerns that when the indirect effects of biofuels are taken into account, GHG savings may become negative. There has been no research to date into the indirect effects of grass biomethane; this paper aims to fill that knowledge gap. A causal\uffe2\uff80\uff90descriptive assessment is carried out and identifies the likely indirect effect of a grass biomethane industry in Ireland as a reduction in beef exports to the UK. Three main scenarios are then analyzed: an increase in indigenous UK beef production, an increase in beef imported to the UK from other countries (EU, New Zealand and Brazil), and a decrease in beef consumption leading to increased poultry consumption. The GHG emissions from each of these scenarios are determined and the resulting savings relative to fossil diesel vary between \uffe2\uff80\uff93636% and 102%. The significance of the findings is then discussed. It is the view of the authors that, while consideration of indirect effects is important, an Irish grass biomethane industry cannot be held accountable for the associated emissions. A global GHG accounting system is therefore proposed; however, the difficulty of implementing such a system is acknowledged, as is its probable ineffectualness. Such a system would not treat the source of the problem \uffe2\uff80\uff93 rising consumption. The authors conclude that the most effective method of combating the indirect effects of biofuels is a reduction in general consumption. \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

", "keywords": ["/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2100/2105", "2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy", "Sustainability and the Environment", "330", "name=Bioengineering", "name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "name=Renewable Energy", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1500/1502", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.276"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biofuels%2C%20Bioproducts%20and%20Biorefining", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bbb.276", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bbb.276", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bbb.276"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10142600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:20:08Z", "type": "Report", "title": "SOIL O-LIVE Data Management Plan (HORIZON EUROPE ID 101091255)", "description": "This Data Management Plan (DMP) aims to outline how the project's datasets will be managed throughout its duration and after the end of the project. It will cover data standards and metadata, sharing, archiving preservation, and security to ensure proper management principles are followed. This DMP describes how research data was collected, generated, shared, and preserved in the project context and after the end of the project, following FAIR data principles. The data generated by the project through the different work packages (WPs) will primarily be utilized to accomplish the objectives outlined in the project proposal. The project will collect data from innovative observations obtained from laboratory and/or field experiments, surveys, and assays specified in the project. Additionally, if needed, existing data from public repositories, digital archives, and databases, such as geographical, climatic, economic, etc., will be incorporated to complement the project's data analysis. The nature of the SOIL OLIVE data set is diverse in line with its multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. It comprises ecological data (e.g., soil biodiversity, climate, soil physical and chemical properties, land degradation estimates, restoration methodologies, and effectiveness, etc.), agronomic data (e.g., olive yield and quality, land management, tree physiological status, etc.), geographical data (latitude, longitude, elevation, slope, etc.), genomic data (e.g., genetic polymorphisms, genome annotations, genome size, chromosome number, etc.), chemical data (e.g., soil pesticide-toxicity data, soil copper concentration, antibiotic, and microplastic pollution). Lastly, it encompasses socio-economic data such as surveys on sustainability and market trends related to olive oil consumption and health. The DMP is a public deliverable of the SOIL O-LIVE project. It includes initial, mid-term, and final reports (D1.3, D1.4, and D1.5). Such deliverables will be available (i) at the internal SOIL O-LIVE repository, which constitutes the internal Consortium document and data repository for the project (Google\u00ae Drive Tool); and (ii) at the ARGOS platform1. In addition, a permanent link to deliverables is available on the SOIL O-LIVE webpages (https://soilolive.eu). The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) and the Soil O-live Consortium have a collaboration agreement. As per this agreement, after the SOIL OLIVE project ends, they will transfer relevant data, knowledge except, if any of the information has potential value for exploitation, and indicators to the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO) and the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC), except for any personal data collected during the project. For this reason, relevant soil data and information will be available also in the ESAC repository (https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/resource-type/datasets). What is the purpose of the data generation or re-use and its relation to the project's objectives? SOIL O-LIVE will produce various datasets of different types, including both quantitative and qualitative data. The management of this data will aid in achieving the project's scientific goals and disseminating its results. Two main categories of data management are:\u00a0 1) Research objectives. The datasets in this category provide all the necessary data for users to reproduce the scientific results of the project. This encompasses experimental data (including standardized analysis methods and agreed protocols), observations, genome annotations, computer simulations, and data production and analysis codes. Likewise, it includes all relevant metadata necessary for EUSO development and validation of indicators for 'Soil health' as listed in the implementation plan of the EU-Soil Mission. 2) Outreach, dissemination, and communications data. This collection includes preprints, technical reports, conference presentations or abstract, educational resources, and data related to outreach, dissemination, and communications. However, if any of the information has potential value for exploitation, particularly for the new prototype developed by UCLM, it will be protected by patents, copyrights, or other appropriate means.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manzaneda, Antonio", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10142600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10142600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10142600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10142600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/bse.2725", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-15", "title": "How to innovate business models for a circular bio\u2010economy?", "description": "Abstract

Shifting from a linear to a circular bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economy requires new business models. The objective was getting insights into the uncharted research field of business model innovation for a circular and sustainable bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economy within the agrifood sector. Eight European cases valorising agricultural waste and by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products by closing loops or cascading were studied regarding their innovation drivers and elements, via interviews, on\uffe2\uff80\uff90site visits and secondary data. In this domain, the findings highlight that business model innovations are depending on the (i) macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental institutional\uffe2\uff80\uff90legal conditions and market trends, (ii) driven by internal economic, environmental and/or social objectives, but especially strongly linked to (iii) other actors often from different sectors seeking synergies and (iv) value co\uffe2\uff80\uff90creation via combined organisational and technological innovations. Business models for a circular bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economy thus depend on various action levels and need radical combined organisational and technological innovations for a most efficient usage of agricultural waste and by\uffe2\uff80\uff90products. This also means new business configurations instead of linear innovation strategies currently still being dominant due to economic viability.

", "keywords": ["330", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "circular economy", "bio-economy", "650", "sustainability", "7. Clean energy", "innovation", "[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "agricultural waste and by-products", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "business models", "[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences", "co-creation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bse.2725"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2725"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Business%20Strategy%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/bse.2725", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/bse.2725", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/bse.2725"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-04", "title": "Shrimp Ponds Lead To Massive Loss Of Soil Carbon And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Northeastern Brazilian Mangroves", "description": "Abstract

Mangroves of the semiarid Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil are being rapidly converted to shrimp pond aquaculture. To determine ecosystem carbon stocks and potential greenhouse gas emissions from this widespread land use, we measured carbon stocks of eight mangrove forests and three shrimp ponds in the Acara\uffc3\uffba and Jaguaribe watersheds in Cear\uffc3\uffa1 state, Brazil. The shrimp ponds were paired with adjacent intact mangroves to ascertain carbon losses and potential emissions from land conversion. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock of mangroves in this semiarid tropical landscape was 413\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa094 Mg C/ha. There were highly significant differences in the ecosystem carbon stocks between the two sampled estuaries suggesting caution when extrapolating carbon stock across different estuaries even in the same landscape. Conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds resulted in losses of 58%\uffe2\uff80\uff9382% of the ecosystem carbon stocks. The mean potential emissions arising from mangrove conversion to shrimp ponds was 1,390 Mg CO2e/ha. Carbon losses were largely from soils which accounted for 81% of the total emission. Losses from soils >100\uffc2\uffa0cm in depth accounted for 33% of the total ecosystem carbon loss. Soil carbon losses from shrimp pond conversion are equivalent to about 182\uffc2\uffa0years of soil carbon accumulation. Losses from mangrove conversion are about 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold greater than emissions from conversion of upland tropical dry forest in the Brazilian Caatinga underscoring the potential value for their inclusion in climate change mitigation activities.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Original Research", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4079"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.4079"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1223-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-28", "title": "Annual Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide From Rice-Wheat Rotation And Vegetable Fields: A Case Study In The Tai-Lake Region, China", "description": "Background and aims Knowledge on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from typical cropping systems in the Tai-Lake region is important for estimating regional inventory and proposing effective N2O and NO mitigation options. This study aimed at a) characterizing the seasonal and annual emissions of both gases from the major cropping systems, and b) determining their direct emission factors (EFds) as the key parameters for inventory compilation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "Nitric oxide", "Vegetable", "15. Life on land", "Emission factor", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "Rice-wheat rotation", "11. Sustainability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1223-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1223-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1223-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1223-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/essoar.10512902.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-26", "title": "Pre-industrial, present and future atmospheric soluble iron deposition and the role of aerosol acidity and oxalate under CMIP6 emissions", "description": "Abstract

Atmospheric iron (Fe) deposition to the open ocean affects net primary productivity, nitrogen fixation, and carbon uptake. We investigate changes in soluble Fe (SFe) deposition from the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial period to the late 21st century using the EC\uffe2\uff80\uff90Earth3\uffe2\uff80\uff90Iron Earth System model. EC\uffe2\uff80\uff90Earth3\uffe2\uff80\uff90Iron considers various sources of Fe, including dust, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning, and features comprehensive atmospheric chemistry, representing atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and Fe cycles. We show that anthropogenic activity has changed the magnitude and spatial distribution of SFe deposition by increasing combustion Fe emissions and atmospheric acidity and oxalate levels. We report that SFe deposition has doubled since the early industrial era, using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 emission inventory. We highlight acidity as the main solubilization pathway for dust\uffe2\uff80\uff90Fe and oxalate\uffe2\uff80\uff90promoted processing for the solubilization of combustion\uffe2\uff80\uff90Fe. We project a global SFe deposition increase of 40% by the late 21st century relative to present day under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3\uffe2\uff80\uff937.0, which assumes weak climate change mitigation policies. Conversely, SSPs with stronger mitigation pathways (1\uffe2\uff80\uff932.6 and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff934.5) result in 35% and 10% global decreases, respectively. Despite these differences, SFe deposition increases over the equatorial Pacific and decreases in the Southern Ocean (SO) for all SSPs. We further observe that deposition over the equatorial Pacific and SO are highly sensitive to future changes in dust emissions from Australia and South America, as well as from North Africa. Future studies should focus on the potential impact of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in dust and wildfires combined.Human utilisation of natural resources is the most important direct driver of land cover patterns in the Anthropocene. Here, we present a conceptual framework for how the effects of geophysical drivers (e.g., topography, soil, climate, and hydrology) and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90technical drivers (e.g., technology, legal regulation, economy, and culture) on land use and land cover are shaped by site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators such as local topography and social and cultural backgrounds of individuals. The framework is demonstrated by examples from the literature, with emphasis on the north\uffe2\uff80\uff90western European lowland agricultural region. For example, a geophysical driver such as slope of the terrain constrains land use and is thereby an important driver of land covers, for example, forests. This effect of slope can vary depending on site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators such as local soil fertility, local topographic heterogeneity, and shifting human population densities. Acknowledging the importance of site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific modulators on how geophysical and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90technical drivers shape land use and land covers will strengthen research on human\uffe2\uff80\uff93environmental interactions \uffe2\uff80\uff93 especially important with the future increase in human populations in a constant changing world.

", "keywords": ["Geography (General)", "site\u2010specific modulators", "land use", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "spatial", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "G1-922", "GE1-350", "land cover patterns", "non\u2010stationarity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geo%3A%20Geography%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/geo2.60", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/geo2.60", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/geo2.60"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/grl.50352", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-15", "title": "Climate Impacts Of A Large-Scale Biofuels Expansion", "description": "

A global biofuels program will potentially lead to intense pressures on land supply and cause widespread transformations in land use. These transformations can alter the Earth climate system by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use changes and by changing the reflective and energy exchange characteristics of land ecosystems. Using an integrated assessment model that links an economic model with climate, terrestrial biogeochemistry, and biogeophysics models, we examined the biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects of possible land use changes from an expanded global second\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation bioenergy program on surface temperatures over the first half of the 21st century. Our integrated assessment model shows that land clearing, especially forest clearing, has two concurrent effects\uffe2\uff80\uff94increased GHG emissions, resulting in surface air warming; and large changes in the land's reflective and energy exchange characteristics, resulting in surface air warming in the tropics but cooling in temperate and polar regions. Overall, these biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects will only have a small impact on global mean surface temperature. However, the model projects regional patterns of enhanced surface air warming in the Amazon Basin and the eastern part of the Congo Basin. Therefore, global land use strategies that protect tropical forests could dramatically reduce air warming projected in these regions.

", "keywords": ["Climate impacts", "Environmental Impact Assessment", "550", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Land use", "11. Sustainability", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50352"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/grl.50352", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/grl.50352", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/grl.50352"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jctb.2666", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-15", "title": "A Viable Technology To Generate Third-Generation Biofuel", "description": "Abstract

First generation biofuels are widely available because the production technologies are well developed. However, growth of the raw materials conflicts with food security, so that first\uffe2\uff80\uff90 generation biofuels are not so promising. The second generation of biofuels will not compete directly with food but requires several energy intensive processes to produce them, and also increases land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change, which reduces its environmental and economic feasibility. The production of third\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation biofuels avoids the issues met with first\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and second\uffe2\uff80\uff90 generation biofuels, namely food\uffe2\uff80\uff93fuel competition, land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change, etc., and is thus considered a viable alternative energy resource. On all dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economical), a life cycle assessment approach is most relevant to avoid issues in problem shifting. The utilization of organic waste and carbon dioxide in flue gases for the production of biomass further increases the sustainability of third generation biofuels, as it minimizes greenhouse gas emissions and disposal problems. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2666"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Technology%20%26amp%3B%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jctb.2666", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jctb.2666", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jctb.2666"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-14T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainability&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainability&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainability&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainability&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 1469, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-26T23:49:16.163858Z"}