{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-30", "title": "Systems knowledge for sustainable soil and land management", "description": "While soils and land are pivotal elements of many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and societal challenges, they face degradation and reduction of related functions and services worldwide. Societal demands on soils and land are increasing, including contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystem services, biodiversity and biomass production for food, feed, fiber and energy. This adverse combination of reducing capacities and increasing demands requires rapid transition towards sustainable soil and land management that mitigates trade-offs and creates synergies. Likewise, a transformation of soil and land research is required to scientifically support the sustainable transformation. Based on a literature analysis combined with engagement of soil and land scientists, we developed a systemic research framework for sustainable soil and land management to support the implementation of the Horizon Europe Mission 'A Soil Deal for Europe'. The framework summarizes soil and land related topics into six societal challenges and associates them with eight knowledge types that outline integrated research for development and implementation of sustainable soil and land management. We propose that research should be aligned with living labs and lighthouses to leverage local solutions, innovation, training and education. We outline the role of experimentation, data analysis, assessment, modelling and the importance of research for institutions, governance and policy support. For encouraging a swift transition towards a systems approach for sustainable soil and land management, we concluded that among all knowledge types, those addressing socio-economic interrelations with soil health and related policies currently represent the biggest bottleneck.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Ecosystem service", "Climate Change", "Holistic", "Sustainable Development", "15. Life on land", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Holistic ; Soil degradation ; Living labs ; Ecosystem service ; Sustainable development ; Soil health", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Living labs", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable development", "Soil health", "Sustainable development; Holistic; Soil health; Ecosystem service; Soil degradation; Living labs", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "11. Sustainability", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153389"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10926174", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:28:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry", "description": "Abstract

Our planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to \uffe2\uff80\uff98green chemistry\uffe2\uff80\uff99 encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case\uffe2\uff80\uff90studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.

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The Sustainability Nexus Analytics, Informatics, and Data (AID) Programme of the United Nations University (UNU), aims to provide information, data, computational, and analytical tools to support the sustainable management and long-term security of natural resources using a nexus approach. This paper introduces the Soil Health Module of the Sustainability Nexus AID Programme. Healthy soil is crucial for life on Earth, and it is essential for ecosystem services and functioning, access to clean water, socioeconomic structure, biodiversity, and food security for the growing population of the world. Healthy soils contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change and reduce the consequences of extreme events such as flooding and drought. Healthy soils influence the hydrologic cycle by regulating transpiration, water infiltration, and soil water evaporation affecting land\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions. The Soil Health Module of the UNU Sustainability Nexus AID Programme aims to evolve into the ultimate focal point, supporting a diverse array of stakeholders with state-of-the-art data and tools that are essential for soil health monitoring and projection. This paper discusses the importance of adopting a nexus approach for ensuring soil health, explores the AID tools currently at our disposal for quantifying and predicting soil health, and concludes with recommendations for future effort and direction within the Sustainability Nexus AID Programme concerning soil health.The water\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy\uffe2\uff80\uff90food (WEF) nexus is a prominent approach for addressing today's sustainable development challenges. In our critical appraisal of the WEF, covering different approaches, drivers, enablers, and applications, we emphasize the situation across the Global South (Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean). Here, WEF research covers at least 23 focal domains. We find that the nexus is still a maturing paradigm primarily rooted in a physical and natural sciences framing, which is itself embedded in a neoliberal securities narrative. While providing insights and tools to address the systemic interdependencies between resource sectors whose exploitation, degradation, and sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90optimal management contribute to (un)sustainable development, there is still insufficient engagement with social, political, and economic dimensions. Progress related to climate, urbanization, and resource consumption is encouraging, but while governance and finance are central enablers of current and future nexus systems, gaps remain in relation to implementation and operationalization. Harnessing the nexus for sustainable development across the Global South means recognizing that it is more than a biophysical system, but also a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale complex of people, institutions, and infrastructure, affected by history and context. Addressing this complexity requires alternative and possibly challenging perspectives to counter dominant narratives, and manage problems associated with policy integration, trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs, and winners and losers. We outline 10 emergent research areas that we think can contribute to this endeavor and enable the nexus to be a stronger policy force.Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.

This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.The importance of soils to society has gained increasing recognition over the past decade, with the potential to contribute to most of the United Nations\uffe2\uff80\uff99 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With unprecedented and growing demands for food, water and energy, there is an urgent need for a global effort to address the challenges of climate change and land degradation, whilst protecting soil as a natural resource. In this paper, we identify the contribution of soil science over the past decade to addressing gaps in our knowledge regarding major environmental challenges: climate change, food security, water security, urban development, and ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Continuing to address knowledge gaps in soil science is essential for the achievement of the SDGs. However, with limited time and budget, it is also pertinent to identify effective methods of working that ensure the research carried out leads to real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world impact. Here, we suggest three strategies for the next decade of soil science, comprising a greater implementation of research into policy, interdisciplinary partnerships to evaluate function trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs and synergies between soils and other environmental domains, and integrating monitoring and modelling methods to ensure soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90based policies can withstand the uncertainties of the future.

Highlights

We highlight the contributions of soil science to five major environmental challenges since 2010.

Researchers have contributed to recommendation reports, but work is rarely translated into policy.

Interdisciplinary work should assess trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs and synergies between soils and other domains.

Integrating monitoring and modelling is key for robust and sustainable soils\uffe2\uff80\uff90based policymaking.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 aims for clean water and sanitation for all by 2030, through eight subgoals dealing with four themes: (i) water quantity and availability, (ii) water quality, (iii) finding sustainable solutions and (iv) policy and governance. In this opinion paper, we assess how soils and associated land and water management can help achieve this goal, considering soils at two scales: local soil health and healthy landscapes. The merging of these two viewpoints shows the interlinked importance of the two scales. Soil health reflects the capacity of a soil to provide ecosystem services at a specific location, taking into account local climate and soil conditions. Soil is also an important component of a healthy and sustainable landscape, and they are connected by the water that flows through the soil and the transported sediments. Soils are linked to water in two ways: through plant-available water in the soil (green water) and through water in surface bodies or available as groundwater (blue water). In addition, water connects the soil scale and the landscape scale by flowing through both. Nature-based solutions at both soil health and landscape-scale can help achieve sustainable future development but need to be embedded in good governance, social acceptance and economic viability.

This article is part of the theme issue \u2018The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\u2019.

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Our planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to \uffe2\uff80\uff98green chemistry\uffe2\uff80\uff99 encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "name": "item", "description": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su122410518", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-16", "title": "Local Action with Global Impact: The Case of the GROW Observatory and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "

This article reports on Citizen Observatories\u2019 (COs) potential to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reflecting on the experience of the GROW Observatory (GROW). The research aims to take the first steps in closing the gap in the literature on COs\u2019 potential contributions to the SDG framework, beyond quantitative data contributions for indicator monitoring. Following an analysis of project activities and outcomes mapped against the SDG framework, the findings reveal GROW\u2019s potential contributions across two dimensions: (i) Actions to advance the implementation of goals and targets through awareness raising and training; participatory methods; multi-stakeholder connections; and supporting citizens to move from data to action and (ii) Data contributions to SDG indicator monitoring through citizen-generated datasets. While earlier research has focused mostly on the latter (dimension ii), CO activities can impact numerous goals and targets, highlighting their potential to relate global SDGs to local level action, and vice versa. These findings align with the growing literature on COs\u2019 ability to bring together policy makers, scientists and citizens, and support changes to environmental policy and practice. Furthermore, this research suggests groundwork activities that address the goal and target level can also enhance sustained data collection to contribute to indicator level monitoring. We conclude with future trends and recommendations for COs wishing to contribute to the SDGs.

", "keywords": ["participatory policy making", "330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "open data", "01 natural sciences", "333", "sustainable development Goals", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "citizen science", "11. Sustainability", "Citizen Observatory", "co-design", "SDG indicators", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10518/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/1/sustainability-12-10518.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/2/sustainability-12-10518-s001.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/1/sustainability-12-10518.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/2/sustainability-12-10518-s001.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10518/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410518"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su122410518", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su122410518", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su122410518"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4337/9781035342839", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:21Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2025-03-14", "title": "Universities and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "EmbargoDrawing on a diverse array of case studies from universities around the world, this comprehensive book tackles the key challenges to progressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within higher education institutions. Expert authors provide an in-depth analysis of how universities in the Global North and South are engaging with and contributing to the SDGs, highlighting a wide range of approaches and experiences in different socio-economic and cultural contexts. This book examines the goal of the SDGs to expand on traditional ideas of development by emphasising broader, more inclusive and interconnected actions, as well as common difficulties faced by educational institutions attempting to achieve these aims. Chapters cover issues such as varying starting points for different countries, the involvement of civil society, the use of contextualised methods, and adaptability to changing global agendas.", "keywords": ["Objetivos Desarrollo Sostenible", "Agenda 2030", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Universidad Critica", "Universities and Social Change"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manzanera Ruiz, Roser, Tudela V\u00e1zquez, Mar\u00eda del Pilar, \u00c1lvarez Lucena, Nacho,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035342839"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4337/9781035342839", "name": "item", "description": "10.4337/9781035342839", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4337/9781035342839"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7746495", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:23:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "ELABORATION OF THE ITALIAN PORTION OF THE GLOBAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON MAP (GSOCMAP)", "description": "Open Accessc_stock: mean value c_stock_cv: coefficient of variation c_stock_sd: standard deviation c_stock_se: standard error c_stock_minus: lower bound of the confidence interval c_stock_plus: upper limit of the confidence interval", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C3841", "carbon sequestration", " common agricultural policy", " digital soil mapping", " land degradation neutrality", " national soil hub", " sustainable development goals", "15. Life on land", "national soil hub", "sustainable development goals", "carbon sequestration", "common agricultural policy", "6. Clean water", "https://www.geonames.org/countries/IT/italy.html", "13. Climate action", "digital soil mapping", "https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/so", "land degradation neutrality", "https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/67854"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fantappi\u00e8, Maria, Calzolari, Costanza, Ungaro, Fabrizio, Ialina Vinci, Giandon, Paolo, Muscolo, Adele, Zaccone, Claudio, Dell'Abate, Maria Teresa, L'Abate, Giovanni, Pellegrini, Sergio, Brenna, Stefano, Staffilani, Francesca, Petrella, Fabio, Gardin, Lorenzo, Barbieri, Stefano, Pini, Stefano, Tiberi, Mauro, Paone, Raffaele, Scamarcio, Luigi, D'Antonio, Amedeo, Guaitoli, Fabio, Munaf\u00f2, Michele, Fumanti, Fiorenzo, Napoli, Rosario, D'Acqui, Luigi, Martal\u00f2, Paolo, Tarocco, Paola, Costantini, Edoardo A. C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746495"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7746495", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7746495", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7746495"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/357063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:24:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "Microbial biotechnology and beyond: A roadmap for sustainable development and climate mitigation in the transition from fossil fuels to green chemistry", "description": "Abstract

Our planet, which operates as a closed system, is facing increasing entropy due to human activities such as the overexploitation of natural resources and fossil fuel use. The COP28 in Dubai emphasized the urgency to abandon fossil fuels, recognizing them as the primary cause of human\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced environmental changes, while highlighting the need to transition to renewable energies. We promote the crucial role of microbes for sustaining biogenic cycles to combat climate change and the economic potential of synthetic biology tools for producing diverse non\uffe2\uff80\uff90fossil fuels and chemicals, thus contributing to emission reduction in transport and industry. The shift to \uffe2\uff80\uff98green chemistry\uffe2\uff80\uff99 encounters challenges, derived from the availability of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90food residues and waste (mainly lignocellulosic) as raw material, the construction of cost\uffe2\uff80\uff90effective bioprocessing plants, product recovery from fermentation broths and the utilization of leftover lignin residues for synthesizing new chemicals, aligning with circular economy and sustainable development goals. To meet the Paris Agreement goals, an urgent global shift to low\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon, renewable sources is imperative, ultimately leading to the cessation of our reliance on fossil fuels.The water\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy\uffe2\uff80\uff90food (WEF) nexus is a prominent approach for addressing today's sustainable development challenges. In our critical appraisal of the WEF, covering different approaches, drivers, enablers, and applications, we emphasize the situation across the Global South (Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean). Here, WEF research covers at least 23 focal domains. We find that the nexus is still a maturing paradigm primarily rooted in a physical and natural sciences framing, which is itself embedded in a neoliberal securities narrative. While providing insights and tools to address the systemic interdependencies between resource sectors whose exploitation, degradation, and sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90optimal management contribute to (un)sustainable development, there is still insufficient engagement with social, political, and economic dimensions. Progress related to climate, urbanization, and resource consumption is encouraging, but while governance and finance are central enablers of current and future nexus systems, gaps remain in relation to implementation and operationalization. Harnessing the nexus for sustainable development across the Global South means recognizing that it is more than a biophysical system, but also a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale complex of people, institutions, and infrastructure, affected by history and context. Addressing this complexity requires alternative and possibly challenging perspectives to counter dominant narratives, and manage problems associated with policy integration, trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs, and winners and losers. We outline 10 emergent research areas that we think can contribute to this endeavor and enable the nexus to be a stronger policy force.Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.13/1433083", "name": "item", "description": "1959.13/1433083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.13/1492918", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "The role of soils in regulation and provision of blue and green water", "description": "

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 aims for clean water and sanitation for all by 2030, through eight subgoals dealing with four themes: (i) water quantity and availability, (ii) water quality, (iii) finding sustainable solutions and (iv) policy and governance. In this opinion paper, we assess how soils and associated land and water management can help achieve this goal, considering soils at two scales: local soil health and healthy landscapes. The merging of these two viewpoints shows the interlinked importance of the two scales. Soil health reflects the capacity of a soil to provide ecosystem services at a specific location, taking into account local climate and soil conditions. Soil is also an important component of a healthy and sustainable landscape, and they are connected by the water that flows through the soil and the transported sediments. Soils are linked to water in two ways: through plant-available water in the soil (green water) and through water in surface bodies or available as groundwater (blue water). In addition, water connects the soil scale and the landscape scale by flowing through both. Nature-based solutions at both soil health and landscape-scale can help achieve sustainable future development but need to be embedded in good governance, social acceptance and economic viability.

This article is part of the theme issue \u2018The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\u2019.

", "keywords": ["Climate", "Sustainable Development Goals", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Water Quality", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 6", "nature-based solutions", "Ecosystem", "SDG 3", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "SDG 17", "Conservation of Water Resources", "soil health", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SDG 12", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable Development Goal 6", "connectivity", "blue and green water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.13/1492918"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.13/1492918", "name": "item", "description": "1959.13/1492918", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.13/1492918"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/16986", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-08", "title": "Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "

This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems,protectthem from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils,managein a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come.

This article is part of the theme issue \uffe2\uff80\uff98The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People\uffe2\uff80\uff99.

This article reports on Citizen Observatories\u2019 (COs) potential to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reflecting on the experience of the GROW Observatory (GROW). The research aims to take the first steps in closing the gap in the literature on COs\u2019 potential contributions to the SDG framework, beyond quantitative data contributions for indicator monitoring. Following an analysis of project activities and outcomes mapped against the SDG framework, the findings reveal GROW\u2019s potential contributions across two dimensions: (i) Actions to advance the implementation of goals and targets through awareness raising and training; participatory methods; multi-stakeholder connections; and supporting citizens to move from data to action and (ii) Data contributions to SDG indicator monitoring through citizen-generated datasets. While earlier research has focused mostly on the latter (dimension ii), CO activities can impact numerous goals and targets, highlighting their potential to relate global SDGs to local level action, and vice versa. These findings align with the growing literature on COs\u2019 ability to bring together policy makers, scientists and citizens, and support changes to environmental policy and practice. Furthermore, this research suggests groundwork activities that address the goal and target level can also enhance sustained data collection to contribute to indicator level monitoring. We conclude with future trends and recommendations for COs wishing to contribute to the SDGs.

", "keywords": ["participatory policy making", "330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "open data", "01 natural sciences", "333", "sustainable development Goals", "63 Sociolog\u00eda", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "citizen science", "11. Sustainability", "Citizen Observatory", "co-design", "citizen observatory", "SDG indicators", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10518/pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/1/sustainability-12-10518.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/2/sustainability-12-10518-s001.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/1/sustainability-12-10518.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16942/2/sustainability-12-10518-s001.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/24/10518/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11820/9f80250d-86e9-4189-ae84-22acf2256751"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11820/9f80250d-86e9-4189-ae84-22acf2256751", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11820/9f80250d-86e9-4189-ae84-22acf2256751", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11820/9f80250d-86e9-4189-ae84-22acf2256751"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/18196", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-13", "title": "Sustainable futures over the next decade are rooted in soil science", "description": "Abstract

The importance of soils to society has gained increasing recognition over the past decade, with the potential to contribute to most of the United Nations\uffe2\uff80\uff99 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With unprecedented and growing demands for food, water and energy, there is an urgent need for a global effort to address the challenges of climate change and land degradation, whilst protecting soil as a natural resource. In this paper, we identify the contribution of soil science over the past decade to addressing gaps in our knowledge regarding major environmental challenges: climate change, food security, water security, urban development, and ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Continuing to address knowledge gaps in soil science is essential for the achievement of the SDGs. However, with limited time and budget, it is also pertinent to identify effective methods of working that ensure the research carried out leads to real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world impact. Here, we suggest three strategies for the next decade of soil science, comprising a greater implementation of research into policy, interdisciplinary partnerships to evaluate function trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs and synergies between soils and other environmental domains, and integrating monitoring and modelling methods to ensure soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90based policies can withstand the uncertainties of the future.

Highlights

We highlight the contributions of soil science to five major environmental challenges since 2010.

Researchers have contributed to recommendation reports, but work is rarely translated into policy.

Interdisciplinary work should assess trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs and synergies between soils and other domains.

Integrating monitoring and modelling is key for robust and sustainable soils\uffe2\uff80\uff90based policymaking.

", "keywords": ["330", "550", "QH301 Biology", "Sustainable Development Goals", "NE/R016429/1", "Urban development", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Ecosystems", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "774378", "Climate change", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "869625", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "biodiversity; climate change; ecosystems; food security; sustainable development goals; urban development; water security", "Food security", "Biodiversity", "food security", "15. Life on land", "sustainable development goals", "water security", "urban development", "[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Water security", "ecosystems", "[SHS.SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3157809/1/2021%20Evans%20et%20al%20-%20European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/157184/1/Evans_etal_2021_Decade.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13145"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/18196"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/18196", "name": "item", "description": "2164/18196", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/18196"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "35104520", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:26:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-29", "title": "Systems knowledge for sustainable soil and land management", "description": "While soils and land are pivotal elements of many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and societal challenges, they face degradation and reduction of related functions and services worldwide. Societal demands on soils and land are increasing, including contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystem services, biodiversity and biomass production for food, feed, fiber and energy. This adverse combination of reducing capacities and increasing demands requires rapid transition towards sustainable soil and land management that mitigates trade-offs and creates synergies. Likewise, a transformation of soil and land research is required to scientifically support the sustainable transformation. Based on a literature analysis combined with engagement of soil and land scientists, we developed a systemic research framework for sustainable soil and land management to support the implementation of the Horizon Europe Mission 'A Soil Deal for Europe'. The framework summarizes soil and land related topics into six societal challenges and associates them with eight knowledge types that outline integrated research for development and implementation of sustainable soil and land management. We propose that research should be aligned with living labs and lighthouses to leverage local solutions, innovation, training and education. We outline the role of experimentation, data analysis, assessment, modelling and the importance of research for institutions, governance and policy support. For encouraging a swift transition towards a systems approach for sustainable soil and land management, we concluded that among all knowledge types, those addressing socio-economic interrelations with soil health and related policies currently represent the biggest bottleneck.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Ecosystem service", "Climate Change", "Holistic", "Sustainable Development", "15. Life on land", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Holistic ; Soil degradation ; Living labs ; Ecosystem service ; Sustainable development ; Soil health", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Living labs", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable development", "Soil health", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "11. Sustainability", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/35104520"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "35104520", "name": "item", "description": "35104520", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/35104520"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "39163941", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:26:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-18", "title": "Benchmarking soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration provides more robust soil health assessment than the SOC/clay ratio at European scale", "description": "Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) confers benefits to soil health, biodiversity, underpins carbon sequestration and ameliorates land degradation. One recommendation is to increase SOC such that the SOC to clay ratio (SOC/clay) exceeds 1/13, yet normalising SOC levels based on clay alone gives misleading indications of soil structure and the potential to store additional carbon. Building on work by Poeplau & Don (2023) to benchmark observed against predicted SOC, we advance an alternative indicator: the ratio between observed and 'typical' SOC (O/T SOC) for pan-European application. Here, 'typical' SOC is the average concentration in different pedo-climate zones, PCZs (which, unlike existing SOC indicators, incorporate land cover and climate, alongside soil texture) across Europe, determined from mineral (<20\u00a0% organic matter) topsoils (0-20\u00a0cm) sampled during 2009-2018 in LUCAS, Europe's largest soil monitoring scheme (n\u00a0=\u00a019,855). Regression tree modelling derived 12 PCZs, with typical SOC values ranging 5.99-39.65\u00a0g\u00a0kg-1. New index classes for comparison with SOC/clay grades were established from the quartiles of each PCZ's O/T SOC distribution; these were termed: 'Low' (below the 25th percentile), 'Intermediate' (between the 25th and 50th percentiles), 'High' (between the 50th and 75th percentiles), and 'Very high' (above the 75th percentile). Compared with SOC/clay, O/T SOC was less sensitive to clay content, land cover, and climate, less geographically skewed, and better reflected differences in soil porosity and SOC stock, supporting 2 EU Soil Health Mission objectives (consolidating SOC stocks; improving soil structure for crops and biota). These patterns held for 2 independent datasets, and O/T SOC grades were sensitive enough to reflect land management differences across several long-term field experiments. O/T SOC used in conjunction with several other physical, chemical and biological soil health indicators can help support the EU Soil Monitoring Law and achieve several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.", "keywords": ["soil monitoring", "pedo-climate zones", "clay", "soil carbon", "soil structure", "sustainable development goals"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/39163941"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "39163941", "name": "item", "description": "39163941", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/39163941"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainable+Development&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainable+Development&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainable+Development&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Sustainable+Development&offset=35", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 35, "numberReturned": 35, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-02T08:34:45.960654Z"}