Organic sorbents alter physicochemical soil properties and mitigate heavy metal (HM) bioavailability. However, some sorbents are labile and, therefore, introduce the risk of HM release into soil after mineralisation. Before field application, new stable organic sorbents such as woodchip biochar (BIO) and brown coal waste (BCW) need to be tested and compared with standard organic amendments like farmyard manure (FYM). An incubated pot experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of FYM, BIO and BCW (added to soil in pots at 5 and 10% w/w) to alter soil physicochemical properties and mitigate bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn spiked in treatments at different doses (in mg\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921); 0 (not spiked), 1 (1 Cd, 70 Pb, 100 Zn) and 2 (3 Cd, 500 Pb, 700 Zn), and incubated for 9\uffc2\uffa0weeks. At the end of the experiment, the EDTA-extractable HM fractions, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA, to check trends) were determined in all treated soils. Results showed that FYM, BCW and BIO generally improved all soil properties (except reduced pH from BCW and apparent SSA reduction from FYM) and accounted for respective maximum abatements of Cd (50.2, 69.9 and 25.5%), Pb (34.2, 64.3 and 17.4%) and Zn (14.9, 17.7 and 11.8%) bioavailability in soil. FYM and BCW were more effective at 10% w/w especially in the low contaminated soil, whereas the highest efficacy for BIO was at 5% w/w and in the high contaminated soil. The efficacies of sorption by the organic sorbents varied for different HMs and were in the orders: BCW > FYM > BIO for Cd, FYM > BCW > BIO for Pb and BIO > BCW > FYM for Zn. Soil pH and CEC were strongly correlated with HM bioavailability in all treatments and implied that immobilisation of HMs occurred via complex formation, ion exchange and pH-dependent specific adsorption. All three sorbents were beneficial as soil amendments, and in terms of HM mitigation, BCW had the highest efficacy, followed by FYM and then BIO. Considering the documented high soil stability of BCW and BIO, these results are promising for further trialling at field scale.Constructed wetlands (CWs) can be considered as an efficient nature-based solution for the treatment of agricultural drainage water (ADW) and consequently for the mitigation of non-point source pollution. Aiming to provide suggestions for the construction and implementation of CWs, this paper proposes and discusses key parameters of CW design and operation. In order to verify the effect of these features, different case studies were reviewed, focusing on the performance of CWs that are treating agricultural drainage water. The findings showed that design and operational factors (e.g., the application of simple hydraulic structures and vegetation establishment) can improve pollutant removal efficiencies by increasing hydraulic retention time. Hydraulic efficiency of CWs can also be enhanced through certain shape characteristics (e.g., adoption of a high aspect ratio and creation of a long and narrow CW shape). The careful consideration of these parameters before and during CW implementation can therefore help these systems to achieve their full potential. However, further study is recommended to assess the effects of some parameters (e.g., flow direction and the application of deep zones).Organic amendments can improve soil quality which has knock-on environmental and agronomic benefits. However, the use of new and emerging organic amendments such as biochar and brown coal waste (BCW) in soil systems requires continuous holistic assessments for robust consensus building in their environmental and agricultural applications. To examine the application of BCW and woodchip biochar (BIO) in agroecosystems, secondary data from literature on environmental (soil, air and water) aspects were compiled with primary agronomic data from a 3-year multicropping field trial and collated with supplementary data on economic factors (e.g. cost and availability). For the field trial, replicated plots were amended with FYM (for comparative reasons), BCW and BIO at 30, 24.2 and 12.8 for t ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, respectively, with and without NPK and cultivated in a cropping sequence of maize, potato and barley. At the end of each season, soils were characterised for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility (macronutrient contents) in addition to nutrient uptake, nutritional quality and yield of crops. Compared with FYM, biochar and BCW were found to be associated with greater improvements in soil quality (e.g. building of soil structure and C sequestration) and knock-on water and air quality benefits mainly facilitated via increased cation retention and humic-linked sorption which abated gaseous emission and mitigated nutrient and heavy metal leaching. These along with variable improvements in soil chemistry, fertility and nutrient uptake in the agronomic field trial accounted for increased mean crop yield across treatments (higher with NPK): FYM (32.7 and 71.7%), BCW (33.5 and 60.1%) and BIO (21.8 and 48.2%). Additionally, biochar and BCW have lower pollutant (e.g. heavy metals) contents and were found to provide additional sustainability and net abatement cost-benefits. While the agronomic benefits of biochar and BCW were slightly lower compared with that of FYM, their lower environmental footprints and associated sustainability benefits are clear advantages for their adoption in environmental and agricultural applications.To clarify the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) content to season\uffe2\uff80\uff90long grazing in the semiarid typical steppes of Inner Mongolia, we examined the aboveground biomass and SOC in both grazing (G\uffe2\uff80\uff90site) and no grazing (NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90site) sites in two typical steppes dominated by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis, as well as one seriously degraded L. chinensis grassland dominated by Artemisia frigida. The NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90sites had been fenced for 20 years in L. chinensis and S. grandis grasslands and for 10 years in A. frigida grassland. Aboveground biomass at G\uffe2\uff80\uff90sites was 21\uffe2\uff80\uff9335% of that at NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90sites in L. chinensis and S. grandis grasslands. The SOC, however, showed no significant difference between G\uffe2\uff80\uff90site and NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90site in both grasslands. In the NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90sites, aboveground biomass was significantly lower in A. frigida grassland than in the other two grasslands. The SOC in A. frigida grassland was about 70% of that in L. chinensis grassland. In A. frigida grassland, aboveground biomass in the G\uffe2\uff80\uff90site was 68\uffe2\uff80\uff9382% of that in the NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90site, whereas SOC was significantly lower in the G\uffe2\uff80\uff90site than in the NG\uffe2\uff80\uff90site. Grazing elevated the surface soil pH in L. chinensis and A. frigida communities. A spatial heterogeneity in SOC and pH in the topsoil was not detected the G\uffe2\uff80\uff90site within the minimal sampling distance of 10 m. The results suggested that compensatory growth may account for the relative stability of SOC in G\uffe2\uff80\uff90sites in typical steppes. The SOC was sensitive to heavy grazing and difficult to recover after a significant decline caused by overgrazing in semiarid steppes.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-005-0063-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-005-0063-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-005-0063-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-005-0063-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-31", "title": "Fates Of N-15-Labeled Fertilizer In A Black Soil-Maize System And The Response To Straw Incorporation In Northeast China", "description": "Over-fertilization has caused low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and N pollution in China. A better understanding of the fate of fertilizer N is critical for improved appropriate N management practices. We examined the fate of urea-N applied to a typical black soil-maize system and the response to straw incorporation in Northeast China using the field 15N labeling technique. Large plots (25\u00a0m2) were used to reduce artificial disturbance and facilitate multiple samplings in one growing season. We found that of the applied N (200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), 52% was taken up by crops at harvest and 24% was retained in the soil (0\u201340\u00a0cm). The unrecovered 23% was likely lost via gases emission or leaching, which mainly occurred in the early days of maize cultivation. Fertilizer N contributions to the crop N uptake were 42% during vegetative growth and 30% during reproductive growth, which indirectly indicates that native soil N was the dominant N source for maize growth. However, high N uptake by maize resulted in low replenishment of fertilizer N to soil N. As a potential nutrient management approach, straw incorporation (2.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) stimulated N retention and reduced N loss, with 14% unrecovered fertilizer N. To maintain long-term soil N supplies, straw incorporation could be a valid agronomic practice to prevent the degradation of black soil because of long-term N depletion during maize cultivation in Northeast China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Fertilizer-derived N", "Allocation", "N-15 labeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mollisol", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11273-015-9453-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-08", "title": "Carbon Stocks Of Mangroves And Losses Arising From Their Conversion To Cattle Pastures In The Pantanos De Centla, Mexico", "description": "The conservation of mangroves and other coastal \u201cblue carbon\u201d ecosystems is receiving heightened attention because of recognition of their high ecosystem carbon stocks as well as vast areas undergoing land conversion. However, few studies have paired intact mangroves with degraded sites to determine carbon losses due to land conversion. To address this gap we quantified total ecosystem carbon stocks in mangroves and cattle pastures formed from mangroves in the large wetland complex of the Pantanos de Centla in SE Mexico. The mean total ecosystem carbon stocks of fringe and estuarine tall mangroves was 1358\u00a0Mg\u00a0C/ha. In contrast the mean carbon stocks of cattle pastures was 458\u00a0Mg\u00a0C/ha. Based upon a biomass equivalence of losses from the top 1\u00a0m of mangrove soils, the losses in carbon stocks from mangrove conversion are conservatively estimated at 1464\u00a0Mg\u00a0CO2e/ha. These losses were 7-fold that of emissions from tropical dry forest to pasture conversion and 3-fold greater than emissions from Amazon forest to pasture conversion. However, we found that limiting ecosystem carbon stocks differences to the surface 1\u00a0m or even 2\u00a0m soil depth will miss losses that occurred from deeper horizons. Mangrove conversion to other land uses comes at a great cost in terms of greenhouse gas emissions as well losses of other important ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "climate change", "cattle", "13. Climate action", "carbon", "mangroves", "emission", "land use", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9453-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wetlands%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11273-015-9453-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11273-015-9453-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11273-015-9453-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11274-011-0809-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-15", "title": "Soil Bacterial Community Composition And Diversity Respond To Cultivation In Karst Ecosystems", "description": "Soil microorganisms play vital roles in recovering and maintaining the health of ecosystems, particularly in fragile Karst ecosystems that are easily degraded after cultivation. We investigated the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities, based on RFLP and 16S rDNA sequencing, in a cropland, a naturally revegetated land with former cultivation disturbance and a primeval forest in the subtropical Karst of southwest China. Our results illustrated that Proteobacteria accounted for 44.8% of the 600 tested clones, making it the most dominant phylum observed. This phylum was followed by Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes for the three Karst soils analyzed. Compared with the primeval forest soil, the proportions of Proteobacteria were decreased by 30.2 and 37.9%, while Acidobacteria increased by 93.9 and 87.9%, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indices and the physicochemical parameters declined in the cropland and the revegetated land, respectively. Among the three soils, the proportion of dominant bacterial phyla and the diversity indices in the revegetated land were similar to the cropland, implying the bacterial community in the cropland was relatively stable, and the after-effects of cultivation were difficult to eliminate. However, similar distributions of the four Proteobacteria subphyla were observed between the revegetated land and the primeval forest soil. Furthermore, the proportion of Rhizobiales belonging to \u03b1-Proteobacteria was sharply decreased with cultivation compared to the primeval forest soil, while a small cluster of Rhizobiales recurred with vegetation recovery. These results indicated that although the subphyla of the dominant bacterial phylum had some positive responses to 20\u00a0years of vegetation recovery, it is a slow process. Our results suggest that priority should be given to conserve the primeval forest and inoculation of functional microorganisms on the basis of vegetation recovery may be more effective for the restoration of Karst ecosystems after cultivation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "China", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Trees", "RNA", " Bacterial", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Metagenome", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiangbi Chen, Ya-wei Wei, Wenxue Wei, Jinshui Wu, Yirong Su, Xunyang He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0809-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/World%20Journal%20of%20Microbiology%20and%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11274-011-0809-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11274-011-0809-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11274-011-0809-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-006-0040-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-27", "title": "Comparing Soil Co2 Emission In Pine Plantation And Oak Shrub: Dynamics And Correlations", "description": "AbstractThe magnitude of soil CO2emission varying significantly among different vegetation types for plants could alter the microclimatic environment of soil. In aPinus tabulaeformisplantation and an adjacentQuercus alienavar.acuteserratashrub, which are located in a dry\uffe2\uff80\uff90hot valley region of Minjiang River in the Southwest of China, the daily soil CO2emission dynamics was measured in August 2004 and in May, July, and October 2005. The results showed that the soil CO2emission in the oak shrub was significantly higher than the pine plantation in each measurement period. Additionally, soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, and the leaf litter decomposition rate in the two vegetations differed significantly from each other. The variation of soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon partially contributed to the evident difference in soil CO2emission. Moreover, the correlations between soil CO2emission, soil temperature, and soil water content were evaluated in this study. The soil temperature positively controlled soil CO2emission in the pine plantation and the oak shrub, while the soil water content negatively influenced soil CO2emission in the two vegetation types. However, the soil temperature and soil water content played varied roles in the different vegetation types. By the means of stepwise regression, the soil temperature more significantly influenced the dynamics of soil CO2emission for the plantation than the soil water content; oppositely, the soil water content was the more significant controlling factor for the shrub. Based on the exponent model between the soil CO2emission and soil temperature, theQ10values were estimated, which was 1.7 in the pine plantation and 3.0 in the oak shrub. The former was lower than the global average level of 2.0, whereas the latter was higher than the global average level.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bojie Fu, Yaqiong Wu, Guohua Liu, Zhanfeng Liu, Huifeng Hu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0040-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-006-0040-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-006-0040-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-006-0040-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-25", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Thinning And Liming On Forest Soils Of Pitch Pine And Japanese Larch Plantations In Central Korea", "description": "AbstractThe influences of thinning (50% of standing density) and liming (Ca+Mg, 2 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on soil chemical properties were investigated for 2 years (2001, 2002) in 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old pitch pine (Pinus rigidaMill.) and 44\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old Japanese larch (Larix leptolepisGord.) plantations established on similar soils. In general, soil properties varied significantly among plantations and treatments. For both plantations, thinning significantly increased soil organic C (SOC) concentrations whereas there were no significant changes in soil pH and Ca and Mg concentrations. In addition, thinning increased total soil N and Na concentrations for the pitch pine plantation and available P concentration for the Japanese larch plantation in the second year after the treatment. Liming did not affect soil chemical characteristics for the pitch pine plantation except for Na concentration. However, for the Japanese larch plantation, liming significantly increased soil pH and K, Ca and Mg concentrations and decreased SOC and total soil N concentrations. For both plantations, soil Al concentration did not change after thinning and liming and decreased exponentially with increased pH values. The increases in SOC and total soil N concentrations after thinning were possibly due to increases in decomposition of organic matter and root death. Although differences were not statistically significant, soil available P concentration tended to increase at early stages of liming for both plantations. These results suggested that thinning and liming seemed to regulate soil chemical properties for pitch pine and Japanese larch plantations established on similar soils.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yowhan Son, Jaehong Hwang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-006-0170-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-006-0065-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-12", "title": "Effect Of Land Use Conversion On Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration In The Loess Hilly Area, Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "AbstractChanges in land use may alter land cover, which results in carbon stock changes in biomass as well as in the soil. In China's loess plateau, vegetation restoration has been conducted since 1950s to control soil erosion and improve the ecosystem, with significant investment of money and manpower. Despite these efforts, soil erosion has still been severe. To reduce soil erosion and improve land quality, China initiated another state\uffe2\uff80\uff90funded project, Grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90Green, in 1999 in the loess plateau. However, it is not clear how effective this newly initiated project will be. In this study, we evaluated the effect of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use conversion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and the potential effect of the current project on SOC sequestration in the Anjiapo catchment area of the loess hilly area of the loess plateau in China. This evaluation is based on SOC measurements in cropland versus in other converted land use types. We found that SOC sequestration mainly occurred in the surface soil after land use conversion took place. Land use conversion from cropland to shrubland or wild grassland (i.e. undisturbed land) was better for SOC sequestration than tree plantation in the semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid loess hilly area. By using the land use change in the study area as a scenario, the potential contribution of land use change on SOC sequestration due to the Grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90Green project was estimated. It was found that this project in the loess plateau of China would be helpful for SOC sequestration if successfully implemented.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhilin Huang, Jie Gong, Liding Chen, Bojie Fu, Yilong Huang, Lide Gui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0065-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-006-0065-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-006-0065-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-006-0065-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-08", "title": "Response Of Nutrient Dynamics Of Decomposing Pine (Pinus Massoniana) Needles To Simulated N Deposition In A Disturbed And A Rehabilitated Forest In Tropical China", "description": "AbstractThe effects of simulated N deposition on changes in mass, C, N and P of decomposing pine (Pinus massoniana) needles in a disturbed and a rehabilitated forest in tropical China were studied during a 24\uffe2\uff80\uff90month period. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that litter decomposition in a disturbed forest is more sensitive to N deposition rate than litter decomposition in a rehabilitated forest due to the relatively low nutrient status in the former as a result of constant human disturbance (harvesting understory and litter). The litterbag method and N treatments (control, no N addition; low\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, 5 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, 10 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were employed to evaluate decomposition. The results revealed that N addition increased (positive effect) mass loss rate and C release rate but suppressed (negative effect) the release rate of N and P from decomposing needles in both disturbed and rehabilitated forests. The enhanced needle decomposition rate by N addition was significantly related to the reduction in the C/N ratio in decomposing needles. However, N availability is not the sole factor limiting needle decomposition in both disturbed and rehabilitated forests. The positive effect was more sensitive to the N addition rate in the rehabilitated forest than in the disturbed forest, however the reverse was true for the negative effect. These results suggest that nutrient status could be one of the important factors in controlling the response of litter decomposition and its nutrient release to elevated N deposition in reforested ecosystems in the study region.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-006-0317-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-007-0405-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-30", "title": "Relationship Between Plant Species Diversity And Soil Microbial Functional Diversity Along A Longitudinal Gradient In Temperate Grasslands Of Hulunbeir, Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "AbstractNumerous experiments have been established to examine the effect of plant diversity on the soil microbial community. However, the relationship between plant diversity and microbial functional diversity along broad spatial gradients at a large scale is still unexplored. In this paper, we examined the relationship of plant species diversity with soil microbial biomass C, microbial catabolic activity, catabolic diversity and catabolic richness along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir, Inner Mongolia, China. Preliminary detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that plant composition showed a significant separation along the axis 1, and axis 1 explained the main portion of variability in the data set. Moreover, DCA\uffe2\uff80\uff90axis 1 was significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C (r= 0.735,P= 0.001), microbial catabolic activity (average well color development;r= 0.775,P< 0.001) and microbial functional diversity (catabolic diversity:r= 0.791,P< 0.001 and catabolic richness:r= 0.812,P< 0.001), which suggested thatsome relationship existed between plant composition and the soil microbial community along the spatial gradient at a large scale. Soil microbial biomass C, microbial catabolic activity, catabolic diversity and catabolic richness showed a significant, linear increase with greater plant species richness. However, many responses that we observed could be explained by greater aboveground plant biomass associated with higher levels of plant diversity, which suggested that plant diversity impacted the soil microbial community mainly through increases in plant production.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bojie Fu, Xiaoxuan Zheng, Guohua Liu, Zhanfeng Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0405-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-007-0405-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-007-0405-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-007-0405-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-27", "title": "Dynamics Of Soil Respiration In Sparse Ulmus Pumila Woodland Under Semi-Arid Climate", "description": "AbstractSparse Ulmus pumila woodlands play an important role in contributing to ecosystem function in semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid grassland of northern China. To understand the key attributes of soil carbon cycling in U. pumila woodland, we studied dynamics of soil respiration in the canopy field (i.e., the projected crown cover area) and the open field at locations differing in distance (i.e., at 1\uffe2\uff80\uff931.5, 3\uffe2\uff80\uff934, 10, and >15 m) to tree stems from July through September of 2005, and measured soil biotic factors (e.g., fine root mass, soil microbial biomass, and activity) and abiotic factors [e.g., soil water content (SWC) and organic carbon] in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90August. Soil respiration was further separated into root component and microbial component at the end of the field measurement in September. Results showed that soil respiration had a significant exponent relationship with soil temperature at 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth. The temperature sensitivity index of soil respiration, Q10, was lower than the global average of 2.0, and declined significantly (P < 0.05) with distance. The rate of soil respiration was generally greater in the canopy field than in the open field; monthly mean of soil respiration was 305.5\uffe2\uff80\uff93730.8 mg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the canopy field and 299.6\uffe2\uff80\uff93443.1 mg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the open field from July through September; basal soil respiration at 10\uffc2\uffb0C declined with distance, and varied from ~250 mg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 near tree stems to <200 mg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the open field. Variations in soil respiration with distance were consistent with patterns of SWC, fine root mass, microbial biomass and activities. Regression analysis indicated that soil respiration was tightly coupled with microbial respiration and only weakly related to root respiration. Overall, variations in SWC, soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and microbial activity are largely responsible for the spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration in this semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid U. pumila woodland.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-008-0544-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-018-1933-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-09", "title": "The effect of application of organic manures and mineral fertilizers on the state of soil organic matter and nutrients in the long-term field experiment", "description": "Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in terrestrial ecosystems and agroecosystems. Changes in the agricultural sector in the Czech Republic within the past 25\u00a0years have had a negative impact on SOM content and contribute to gradual soil degradation. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of long-term application of different mineral fertilizers (NPK) and organic manures (manure, cattle slurry) on soil chemical properties (quality of humus, available nutrients, and soil reaction). Soil samples were collected from Luvisol during two selected periods 1994\u20132003 and 2014\u20132016 from long-term field experiment carried out in Prague-Ruzyn\u011b (Czech Republic). Average annual temperature is 8.5\u00a0\u00b0C, and annual precipitations are 485\u00a0mm. Different fertilization regimes have been applied for 62\u00a0years. The crop rotation was as follows: cereals (45%), root crops (33%) and legumes (22%). Soil analysis\u2014soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined by oxidimetric titration method. Short fractionation method for evaluation of humic substance (HS), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) content was used. Absorbance of HS in UV-VIS spectral range was measured by Varian Carry 50 Probe UV-VIS spectrometer. Degree of humification (DH) and color index (Q4/6) were calculated from fractional composition data. Soil reaction was measured by potentiometric method. Available nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium) were determined by Mehlich II and Mehlich I methods and by ICP-OES. For data analysis, the following are used: exploratory data analysis, ANOVA, and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA analysis differentiated fertilizers into two categories: (1) variant NPK (lower quality of humus)\u2014higher acidity, lower SOC and HS content, predomination of FA, higher DH and lower content of available nutrients; (2) variants with organic manures (higher quality of humus)\u2014lower acidity, higher SOC and HS content, predomination of HA, middle DH, and high content of available nutrients. The main result of presented study is to give a synthesis of effect of different type of fertilizers on a sustainable organic matter management in arable soils, with respect to yields, food security and adaptation to predict climate changes. Long-term application of mineral fertilizers (NPK) without organic matter input can accelerate humus mineralization and soil quality degradation with all negative consequences such as (nitrogen leaching, higher availability of toxic element for plants, slow energy for soil microorganisms etc.). Application of organic fertilizers (manure and cattle slurry) helps to achieve the long-term stable yields while maintaining soil at optimum quality (long-term sustainable management with SOM). Principal component analysis is a useful tool for evaluation of soil quality changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1933-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-018-1933-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-018-1933-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-018-1933-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-007-0436-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-26", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage, Litterfall And Co2 Efflux In Fertilized And Unfertilized Larch (Larix Leptolepis) Plantations", "description": "AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of forest fertilization on the forest carbon (C) dynamics in a 36\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old larch (Larix leptolepis) plantation in Korea. Above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground C storage, litterfall, root decomposition and soil CO2 efflux rates after fertilization were measured for 2 years. Fertilizers were applied to the forest floor at rates of 112 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 75 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 37 kg K ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 2 years (May 2002, 2003). There was no significant difference in the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground C storage between fertilized (41.20 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and unfertilized (42.25 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plots, and the C increment was similar between the fertilized (1.65 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and unfertilized (1.52 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plots. There was no significant difference in the soil C storage between the fertilized and unfertilized plots at each soil depth (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315, 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 and 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 cm). The organic C inputs due to litterfall ranged from 1.57 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for fertilized to 1.68 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for unfertilized plots. There was no significant difference in the needle litter decomposition rates between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, while the decomposition of roots with 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 mm diameters increased significantly with the fertilization relative to the unfertilized plots. The mean annual soil CO2 efflux rates for the 2 years were similar between the fertilized (0.38 g CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and unfertilized (0.40 g CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plots, which corresponded with the similar fluctuation in the organic carbon (litterfall, needle and root decomposition) and soil environmental parameters (soil temperature and soil water content). These results indicate that little effect on the C dynamics of the larch plantation could be attributed to the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization trials and/or the soil fertility in the mature coniferous plantation used in this study.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Choonsig Kim", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0436-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-007-0436-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-007-0436-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-007-0436-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-19", "title": "Leaf-Litter Nitrogen Concentration In Hinoki Cypress Forests In Relation To The Time Of Leaf Fall Under Different Climatic Conditions In Japan", "description": "AbstractLeaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90litter nitrogen concentration was investigated for 17 hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) forests in the Kochi region on the Pacific Ocean side and the Kyoto region on the Sea of Japan side in Japan where both the amount of precipitation and frequency of typhoon attacks differ between regions. Leaf properties were predicted from climatic, stand, and soil properties by multiple regression analysis. Fresh\uffe2\uff80\uff90leaf nitrogen was higher in the Kyoto than Kochi regions and was higher where soil C/N ratio is lower. The time of leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall, i.e., 50% of the annual leaf fall, showed a difference of 86 days among the forests and occurred earlier in forests at higher altitudes. The time of leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall at higher altitudes was earlier due to the higher susceptibility to strong winds from typhoons. Leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90litter nitrogen concentration of annual leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall or winter leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall was lower when the time of leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall occurred later. The results indicate that nitrogen resorption is proficient when leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall occurs later, leading to lower leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90litter nitrogen concentration.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-009-0672-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-010-0730-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Stock And Chemical Composition In Four Plantations Of Indigenous Tree Species In Subtropical China", "description": "AbstractSubtropical China has more than 60% of the total plantation area in China and over 70% of these subtropical plantations are composed of pure coniferous species. In view of low ecosystem services and ecological instability of pure coniferous plantations, indigenous broadleaf plantations are being advocated as a prospective silvicultural management for substituting in place of large coniferous plantations in subtropical China. However, little information is known about the effects of tree species conversion on stock and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). The four adjacent monospecific plantations were selected to examine the effects of tree species on the stock and chemical composition of SOC using elemental analysis and solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. One coniferous plantation was composed of Pinus massoniana (PM), and the three broadleaf plantations were Castanopsis hystrix (CH), Michelia macclurei (MM), and Mytilaria laosensis (ML). We found that SOC stock differed significantly among the four plantations in the upper (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) layer, but not in the underneath (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) layer. SOC stocks in the upper (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) layer were 11, 19, and 18% higher in the CH, MM, and ML plantations than in the PM plantation. The differences in SOC stock among the four plantations were largely attributed to fine root rather than aboveground litterfall input. However, the soils in the broadleaf plantations contained more decomposable C proportion, indicated by lower percentage of alkyl C, higher percentage of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C and lower alkyl C/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C ratio compared to those in the PM plantation. Our findings highlight that future strategy of tree species selection for substituting in place of large coniferous plantations in subtropical China needs to consider the potential effects of tree species on the chemical composition in addition to the quantity of SOC stock.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hui Wang, Jingxin Wang, Shirong Liu, Franz Makeschin, Jiangming Mo, Maria Wolff,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0730-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-010-0730-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-010-0730-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-010-0730-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-011-0824-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-11", "title": "Belowground Responses Of Picea Asperata Seedlings To Warming And Nitrogen Fertilization In The Eastern Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractThe impacts of global climatic change on belowground ecological processes of terrestrial ecosystems are still not clear. We therefore conducted an experiment in the subalpine coniferous forest ecosystem of the eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau to study roots of Picea asperata seedlings and rhizosphere soil responses to soil warming and nitrogen availability from April 2007 to December 2008. The seedlings were subjected to two levels of temperature (ambient; infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (0 or 25 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 N). We used a free air temperature increase from an overhead infrared heater to raise both air and soil temperature by 2.1 and 2.6\uffc2\uffb0C, respectively. The results showed that warming alone significantly increased total biomass, coarse root biomass and fine root biomass of P. asperata seedlings. Both total biomass and fine root biomass were increased, but coarse root biomass was significantly decreased by nitrogen fertilization and warming combined with nitrogen fertilization. Warming induced a prominent increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90N of rhizosphere soil, while nitrogen fertilization significantly decreased SOC and NH4+\uffe2\uff80\uff90N of rhizosphere soil. The warming, fertilization and warming \uffc3\uff97 N fertilization interaction decreased soil microbial C significantly, but substantially increased soil microbial N. These results suggest that nitrogen deposition combined with warmer temperatures under future climatic change possibly will have no effect on fine root production of P. asperata seedlings, but could enhance the nitrification process of their rhizosphere soils in subalpine coniferous forests.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yunyan Wei, Jinsong Chen, Bo Lin, Huajun Yin, Xinying Cheng, Qing Liu, Chunzhang Zhao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-011-0824-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-011-0824-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-011-0824-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-011-0824-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-07", "title": "The effect of exogenous organic matter on the thermal properties of tilled soils in Poland and the Czech Republic", "description": "Organic matter improves soil fertility and water and thermal properties, but its content often decreases. This decrease may be mitigated by the addition of exogenous organic matter (EOM). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EOMs, including compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag); industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra); animal meal from animal by-products (Mb); and digestate from a biogas fry factory (Dg) on soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density in the top (0\u201315-cm) layer of two soils in Poland and the Czech Republic. Irrespective of EOM type, the total yearly nitrogen application rate being 200\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 (100%) was from a given EOM at the rates 0, 50, 75, and 100% and the remaining parts from the mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2013\u20132014 in Poland (Braszowice) and the Czech Republic (Puste Jakartice) on loam silt and clay silt loam, respectively, as part of a cross-border cooperation project. The soil properties were examined using classical descriptive statistics, semivariograms, and kriging-interpolated maps. Analysis of linear regressions (trends) showed that the EOM application rate influenced (positively or negatively) the soil properties in most measurement occasions. The variability of all soil properties was low and medium (coefficient of variation 7.3\u201334%). Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial dependence (C0/(C0\u2009+\u2009Cs)) of the soil properties on the EOM-amended plots was very strong or moderate. The maps revealed that the heterogeneity and degree of patch fragmentation were greater for thermal conductivity and heat capacity than for thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density. In general, all the soil properties were spatially more variable in the Braszowice than Puste Jakartice soil and in spring than autumn in both sites. The spatial analysis and maps enhance the comprehensive understanding of changes in soil thermal properties in response to EOM application. Suitability of the results from the field experiments in models predicting some thermal properties based on soil bulk density and water content in relation to EOM addition was indicated. Expressing the amount of EOMs added using the organic carbon content basis (% kg OC/kg of soil) instead of the nitrogen content basis allowed identifying areas on the kriging-interpolated maps where the distribution of soil thermal properties resembled that of soil organic carbon content, water content, and bulk density. Thus, the effect of EOMs on soil thermal properties is considered along with changes in soil water content and bulk density. The results will be helpful in forecasting effects of exogenous organic matter on the soil thermal properties affecting surface-energy partitioning, temperature distribution in soil, and plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "recycled organic matter", "soil thermal properties", "13. Climate action", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "semivariograms", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-009-0683-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-05", "title": "Soil Erodibility, Microbial Biomass, And Physical-Chemical Property Changes During Long-Term Natural Vegetation Restoration: A Case Study In The Loess Plateau, China", "description": "AbstractSoil erodibility (Kfactor) is an important index for measuring soil susceptibility to water erosion, and an essential parameter that is needed for the prediction of soil erosion. Field investigation and laboratory analysis were conducted to study the changes of soil characteristics during long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term vegetation restoration in the hilly gullied loess area. The soil erodibilityKvalues were calculated using the EPIC model and the physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties as well as microbial characteristics were evaluated along a chronosequence of natural vegetation recovery (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 years) in abandoned land in the Zhifanggou Watershed of Ansai County, northwestern Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that natural vegetation recovery following abandonment resulted in improvement of the soil properties and structure and these improving effects were closely related to the date of abandonment. Specifically, theKvalue of the surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm) was significantly reduced with time, while the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass C, microbial N and microbial P and the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregate increased quickly. During the first 10 years of abandonment, these changes occurred relatively quickly due to a significant increase in soil organic matter, after which they gradually fluctuated for approximately 20 years, reaching their uttermost or minimum levels finally. However, these values differed greatly underPlatycladus orientalisforest, which suggests that soil rehabilitation is a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term task that requires several generations to complete.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-009-0683-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-009-0683-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-009-0683-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-009-0683-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-012-0950-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-30", "title": "The Combined Effects Of Warming And Drying Suppress Co2 And N2o Emission Rates In An Alpine Meadow Of The Eastern Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractThe eastern Tibetan Plateau has become increasingly warmer and drier since the 1990s. Such warming and drying has a great impact on ecosystem processes on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. To determine their combined effects on CO2 and N2O emission rates, we conducted a field manipulative experiment in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau during the growing season of 2009. The experiment showed that warming manipulation increased soil temperature by 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, and drying manipulation decreased soil water content by 6.8 %. We found that by counteracting the effect of low temperature in the area, experimental warming significantly increased soil microbial biomass, the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and facilitated the emission rates of CO2 and N2O by 33.4 and 31.5 %, respectively. However, decreased precipitation further aggravated soil water stress and inhibited the numbers of these organisms, and reduced the emission rates of CO2 and N2O by 47.4 and 37.9 %, respectively. So decreased soil water content tended to offset the positive effect of warming. Compared to the positive effects of warming, decreased soil water content was shown in our study to have even greater impact on the eastern Tibetan Plateau during the growing season. Therefore, inhibition of CO2 and N2O emission rates (32.3 and 29.3 %, respectively) by warming and drying will intensify if the combined effects of these climatic trends persist in the region.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-012-0950-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-012-0950-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-012-0950-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-012-0950-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-013-1060-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-19", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Addition On Litter Decomposition, Soil Microbial Biomass, And Enzyme Activities Between Leguminous And Non-Leguminous Forests", "description": "AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an expanding problem that affects the functioning and composition of forest ecosystems, particularly the decomposition of forest litters. Legumes play an important role in the nitrogen cycle of forest ecosystems. Two litter types were chosen from Zijin Mountain in China: Robinia pseudoacacia leaves from a leguminous forest (LF) and Liquidambar formosana leaves from a non\uffe2\uff80\uff90leguminous forest (NF). The litter samples were mixed into original forest soils and incubated in microcosms. Then, they were treated by five forms of N addition: NH4+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, urea, glycine, and a mixture of all four. During a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90month incubation period, litter mass losses, soil microbial biomass, soil pH, and enzyme activities were investigated. Results showed that mixed N and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90N addition significantly accelerated the litter decomposition rates of LF leaves, while mixed N, glycine\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, and urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90N addition significantly accelerated the litter decomposition rates of NF leaves. Litter decomposition rates and soil enzyme activities under mixed N addition were higher than those under single form of N additions in the two forest types. Nitrogen addition had no significant effects on soil pH and soil microbial biomass. The results indicate that nitrogen addition may alter microbial allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil microbial biomass, and then affected litter decomposition process. The results further reveal that mixed N is a more important factor in controlling litter decomposition process than single form of N, and may seriously affect soil N cycle and the release of carbon stored belowground.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1060-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-013-1060-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-013-1060-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-013-1060-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-012-0982-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-04", "title": "Changes In Soil Macrofaunal Community Composition Under Selective Afforestation In Shifting Sand Lands In Horqin Of Inner Mongolia, Northern China", "description": "AbstractLarge\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale afforestation programs have had some beneficial effects on reducing severity of dust storms and controlling desertification in arid and semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid regions. However, the influences of selective afforestation on soil arthropod community are largely unknown in desertified ecosystems. Soil macrofaunal communities, soil physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties, and herb vegetation were investigated in afforested shrublands and woodlands (both approximately 30 years old post\uffe2\uff80\uff90afforestation), which were compared to shifting sand lands in Horqin, northern China. In the shrublands, environmental parameters (soil and vegetation properties) indicated a significant improvement of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and herbaceous density and cover, in comparison to the woodlands and shifting sand lands. The improved shrubland habitat maintained significantly higher soil macrofaunal abundance and group richness together with higher diversity compared with the woodlands and shifting sand lands. There were no significant differences in soil macrofaunal diversity between the woodlands and shifting sand lands. The results suggest that shrubs can facilitate macrofaunal assemblies and improve soil and vegetation properties when planted in shifting sand lands. Shrub afforestation is beneficial for the restoration of shifting sand lands, and is recommended for management of artificial plantations in these sandy ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xue Yong Zhao, Halin Zhao, Ren Tao Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-012-0982-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-012-0982-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-012-0982-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-012-0982-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-014-1127-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-05", "title": "Snow Cover Manipulation In Agricultural Fields: As An Option For Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "AbstractShort\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N2O emission occurs in relation to snowmelt within seasonally frozen soil. To understand the effects of changing winter climates on the N2O flux, snow cover manipulation experiments are useful. In Japan, snow cover manipulation is practiced by farmers to improve agricultural yield and is executed either by applying a broadcast of blackish agent onto the snow cover, which leads to faster snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90melting thereby extending the crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season, or by snow cover removal/re\uffe2\uff80\uff90accumulation, leading to an enhanced soil frost depth for weed management. Implementation of these practices involves using an amount of fossil fuel, in addition to influencing soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N2O emissions, therefore, the load factors of snow cover management practices per unit area of agricultural field were estimated in this study. Field data including micrometeorological conditions, ground surface flux of N2O, and amount of fossil fuel consumed during machinery operation for management practices, were obtained at two sites in Hokkaido over 2 years (2008\uffe2\uff80\uff932010). Fuel consumption for the field spreading was found to be unexpectedly small (0.017 Mg CO2 eq ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). It was therefore suggested that acceleration of snowmelt may have the potential to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions if the agent used is a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90degradable C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich material, such as charcoal. For soil frost control, the fossil fuel consumption during a set of snow cover removal/re\uffe2\uff80\uff90accumulation (estimated as 0.052 Mg CO2 eq ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) is discussed, together with the relationship between possible mechanisms causing stimulation of N2O production in frozen soil and inherent large differences in N2O flux among sites.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1127-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-014-1127-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-014-1127-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-014-1127-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-20", "title": "Changes In Soil Heterotrophic Respiration, Carbon Availability, And Microbial Function In Seven Forests Along A Climate Gradient", "description": "AbstractSoil microbial communities play an essential role in soil carbon (C) emission and C sequestration in forest ecosystems. However, little information is available regarding the relationship between soil C dynamics and microbial substrate utilization at large scales. Along the North\uffe2\uff80\uff93South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC), seven forests representative of boreal, temperate and tropical biomes were examined. Soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), soil dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial community\uffe2\uff80\uff90level physiological profiles (CLPPs) were investigated using biochemical measurements, static chamber\uffe2\uff80\uff90gas chromatography analysis, and Biolog\uffe2\uff80\uff90Eco microplates, respectively. We found that soil Rh rates were significantly higher in subtropical and boreal forests than in temperate forests. Conversely, the concentrations of soil DOC and MBC, as well as microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity, were consistently higher in temperate forests than in subtropical forests. There were considerably different substrate utilization profiles among the boreal, temperate, and subtropical forests. Soil microorganisms from the temperate and boreal forests mainly metabolized high\uffe2\uff80\uff90energy substrates, while those from the subtropical forests used all substrates equally. In addition, soil Rh rates were significantly and negatively related to soil labile C concentrations, total metabolic activity, and the intensity of individual substrate utilization, indicating that soil microbes assimilated more soil substrates, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Overall, our study suggests that climate factors, as well as substrate availability, dominate the activities and functions of soil microbes at large scales.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-014-1194-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-013-1078-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-05", "title": "Responses Of A Rice-Wheat Rotation Agroecosystem To Experimental Warming", "description": "AbstractClimate change is likely to affect agroecosystems in many ways. This study was performed to investigate how a rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat rotation agroecosystem in southeast China would respond to global warming. By using an infrared heater system, the soil surface temperature was maintained about 1.5 \uffc2\uffb0C above ambient milieu over 3 years. In the third growing season (2009\uffe2\uff80\uff932010), the evapotranspiration (ET) rate, crop production, soil respiration, and soil carbon pool were monitored. The ET rate was 23 % higher in the warmed plot as compared to the control plot during the rice paddy growing season, and the rice grain yield was 16.3 % lower, but there was no significant difference in these parameters between the plots during the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season. The phenology of the winter wheat shifted under experimental warming, and ET may decrease late in the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season. Experimental warming significantly enhanced soil respiration, with mean annual soil respiration rates of 2.57 \uffc2\uffb1 0.17 and 1.96 \uffc2\uffb1 0.06 \uffce\uffbcmol CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 observed in the warmed and control plots, respectively. After 3 years of warming, a significant decrease in the total organic carbon was observed, but only in the surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm). Warming also stimulated the belowground biomass, which may have compensated for any heat\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced loss of soil organic carbon. Paddy rice seemed to be more vulnerable to warming than winter wheat in terms of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency and grain production.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wen-Wei Ren, Changming Fang, Zeng-Fu Liu, Le-Le Ding, Hao Cheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1078-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-013-1078-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-013-1078-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-013-1078-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Te&offset=2400&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Te&offset=2400&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Te&offset=2350", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Te&offset=2450", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 21741, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:19:56.117526Z"}