Different grazing strategies impact grassland plant production and may also regulate the soil carbon formation. For a site in semiarid temperate steppe, we studied the effect of combinations of rest, high and moderate grazing pressure over three stages of the growing season, on the process involved in soil carbon sequestration. Results show that constant moderate grazing (MMM) exhibited the highest root production and turnover accumulating the most soil carbon. While deferred grazing (RHM and RMH) sequestered less soil carbon compared to MMM, they showed higher standing root mass, maintained a more desirable pasture composition and had better ability to retain soil N. Constant high grazing pressure (HHH) caused diminished above- and belowground plant production, more soil N losses and an unfavorable microbial environment and had reduced carbon input. Reducing grazing pressure in the last grazing stage (HHM) still had a negative impact on soil carbon. Regression analyses show that adjusting stocking rate to ~5SE/ha with ~40% vegetation utilization rate can get the most carbon accrual. Overall, the soil carbon sequestration in the temperate grassland is affected by the grazing regime that is applied and grazing can be altered to improve soil carbon sequestration in the temperate steppe.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Carbon Compounds", " Inorganic", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Article", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Herbivory", "Nitrogen Compounds", "Sheep", " Domestic", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10892"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep10892", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep10892", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep10892"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-27", "title": "Soil Restoration With Organic Amendments: Linking Cellular Functionality And Ecosystem Processes", "description": "AbstractA hot topic in recent decades, the application of organic amendments to arid-degraded soils has been shown to benefit microbially-mediated processes. However, despite the importance of soils for global sustainability, a gap has not been addressed yet in soil science: is there any connection between ecosystem-community processes, cellular functionality and microbial lifestyles (i.e. oligotrophy-copiotrophy) in restored soils? Together with classical ecosystem indicators (fatty-acids, extracellular-enzyme activities, basal respiration), state-of-the-art metaproteomics was applied to fill this gap in a model-restoration experiment initiated 10-years ago by the addition of sewage-sludge and compost. Organic amendment strongly impacted ecosystem processes. Furthermore, the type of material used induced differences in the cellular functionalities through variations in the percentages of proteins involved in translation, transcription, energy production and C-fixation. We conclude that the long-term impact of organic restoration goes beyond ecosystem processes and affects cellular functionalities and phyla-lifestyles coupled with differences in microbial-community structures.
", "keywords": ["Proteomics", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "1000 Multidisciplinary", "Sewage", "610 Medicine & health", "10071 Functional Genomics Center Zurich", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Environmental sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Soil microbiology", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "570 Life sciences; biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil microbiology; Environmental sciences", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep15550", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep15550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep15550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15991", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Forest soil carbon is threatened by intensive biomass harvesting", "description": "AbstractForests play a key role in the carbon cycle as they store huge quantities of organic carbon, most of which is stored in soils, with a smaller part being held in vegetation. While the carbon storage capacity of forests is influenced by forestry, the long-term impacts of forest managers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 decisions on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. Using a meta-analysis approach, we showed that conventional biomass harvests preserved the SOC of forests, unlike intensive harvests where logging residues were harvested to produce fuelwood. Conventional harvests caused a decrease in carbon storage in the forest floor, but when the whole soil profile was taken into account, we found that this loss in the forest floor was compensated by an accumulation of SOC in deeper soil layers. Conversely, we found that intensive harvests led to SOC losses in all layers of forest soils. We assessed the potential impact of intensive harvests on the carbon budget, focusing on managed European forests. Estimated carbon losses from forest soils suggested that intensive biomass harvests could constitute an important source of carbon transfer from forests to the atmosphere (142\uffe2\uff80\uff93497 Tg-C), partly neutralizing the role of a carbon sink played by forest soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "sol forestier", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/hal-01594440/file/2015_Achat_Scientific%20Reports_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15991"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep15991", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep15991", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep15991"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep17592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-01", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Conservation Tillage On Soil Nutrients In Sloping Fields In Regions Characterized By Water And Wind Erosion", "description": "AbstractConservation tillage is commonly used in regions affected by water and wind erosion. To understand the effects of conservation tillage on soil nutrients and yield, a long-term experiment was set up in a region affected by water and wind erosion on the Loess Plateau. The treatments used were traditional tillage (CK), no tillage (NT), straw mulching (SM), plastic-film mulching (PM), ridging and plastic-film mulching (RPM) and intercropping (In). Our results demonstrate that the available nutrients in soils subjected to non-traditional tillage treatments decreased during the first several years and then remained stable over the last several years of the experiment. The soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased gradually over 6 years in all treatments except CK. The nutrient content of soils subjected to conservative tillage methods, such as NT and SM, were significantly higher than those in soils under the CK treatment. Straw mulching and film mulching effectively reduced an observed decrease in soybean yield. Over the final 6 years of the experiment, soybean yields followed the trend RPM\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89PM\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89SM\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89NT\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89CK\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89In. This trend has implications for controlling soil erosion and preventing non-point source pollution in sloping fields by sacrificing some food production.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shuai Yuan, Weiyu Wang, Yongzhong Feng, Bo Qiao, Chunjian Tan, Xue Cao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17592"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep17592", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep17592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep17592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep14378", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-23", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Additions On Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Structure In Two Reforested Tropical Forests", "description": "AbstractElevated nitrogen (N) deposition may aggravate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forests in the warm humid regions of China. To our knowledge, the interactive effects of long-term N deposition and P availability on soil microorganisms in tropical replanted forests remain unclear. We conducted an N and P manipulation experiment with four treatments: control, N addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89g P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and N and P addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N and P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively) in disturbed (planted pine forest with recent harvests of understory vegetation and litter) and rehabilitated (planted with pine, but mixed with broadleaf returning by natural succession) forests in southern China. Nitrogen addition did not significantly affect soil microbial biomass, but significantly decreased the abundance of gram-negative bacteria PLFAs in both forest types. Microbial biomass increased significantly after P addition in the disturbed forest but not in the rehabilitated forest. No interactions between N and P additions on soil microorganisms were observed in either forest type. Our results suggest that microbial growth in replanted forests of southern China may be limited by P rather than by N and this P limitation may be greater in disturbed forests.
", "keywords": ["China", "Principal Component Analysis", "Nitrates", "Rainforest", "Nitrogen", "Microbiota", "Fatty Acids", "Forestry", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Gram-Positive Bacteria", "Article", "Carbon Cycle", "Phosphates", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "Soil", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14378"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep14378", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep14378", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep14378"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15949", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-30", "title": "Light-Intensity Grazing Improves Alpine Meadow Productivity And Adaption To Climate Change On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractTo explore grazing effects on carbon fluxes in alpine meadow ecosystems, we used a paired eddy-covariance (EC) system to measure carbon fluxes in adjacent fenced (FM) and grazed (GM) meadows on the Tibetan plateau. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) were greater at GM than FM for the first two years of fencing. In the third year, the productivity at FM increased to a level similar to the GM site. The higher productivity at GM was mainly caused by its higher photosynthetic capacity. Grazing exclusion did not increase carbon sequestration capacity for this alpine grassland system. The higher optimal photosynthetic temperature and the weakened ecosystem response to climatic factors at GM may help to facilitate the adaption of alpine meadow ecosystems to changing climate.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tibet", "16. Peace & justice", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15949"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep15949", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep15949", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep15949"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep17514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-02", "title": "Productivity And Sustainability Of Rainfed Wheat-Soybean System In The North China Plain: Results From A Long-Term Experiment And Crop Modelling", "description": "AbstractA quantitative understanding of yield response to water and nutrients is key to improving the productivity and sustainability of rainfed cropping systems. Here, we quantified the effects of rainfall, fertilization (NPK) and soil organic amendments (with straw and manure) on yields of a rainfed wheat-soybean system in the North China Plain (NCP), using 30-years\uffe2\uff80\uff99 field experimental data (1982\uffe2\uff80\uff932012) and the simulation model-AquaCrop. On average, wheat and soybean yields were 5 and 2.5 times higher in the fertilized treatments than in the unfertilized control (CK), respectively. Yields of fertilized treatments increased and yields of CK decreased over time. NPK\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89manure increased yields more than NPK alone or NPK\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89straw. The additional effect of manure is likely due to increased availability of K and micronutrients. Wheat yields were limited by rainfall and can be increased through soil mulching (15%) or irrigation (35%). In conclusion, combined applications of fertilizer NPK and manure were more effective in sustaining high crop yields than recommended fertilizer NPK applications. Manure applications led to strong accumulation of NPK and relatively low NPK use efficiencies. Water deficiency in wheat increased over time due to the steady increase in yields, suggesting that the need for soil mulching increases.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Glycine max", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Life Science", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17514"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep17514", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep17514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep17514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep19536", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-14", "title": "Soil Microbial Responses To Forest Floor Litter Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition In A Mixed-Wood Forest Of Northern China", "description": "AbstractChanges in litterfall dynamics and soil properties due to anthropogenic or natural perturbations have important implications to soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling via microbial pathway. Here we determine soil microbial responses to contrasting types of litter inputs (leaf vs. fine woody litter) and nitrogen (N) deposition by conducting a multi-year litter manipulation and N addition experiment in a mixed-wood forest. We found significantly higher soil organic C, total N, microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), microbial activity (MR) and activities of four soil extracellular enzymes, including \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl-\uffce\uffb2-glucosaminidase (NAG), phenol oxidase (PO) and peroxidase (PER), as well as greater total bacteria biomass and relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria (G-) community, in top soils of plots with presence of leaf litter than of those without litter or with presence of only fine woody litter. No apparent additive or interactive effects of N addition were observed in this study. The occurrence of more labile leaf litter stimulated G-, which may facilitate microbial community growth and soil C stabilization as inferred by findings in literature. A continued treatment with contrasting types of litter inputs is likely to result in divergence in soil microbial community structure and function.
", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "China", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Microbial population biology", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Forests", "Nitrogen cycle", "Article", "Plant litter", "Nutrient cycle", "Environmental science", "Microbial Ecology", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Soil biology", "Litter", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Environmental Chemistry", "Biomass", "Forest floor", "Biology", "Soil Microbiology", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Marine Microbial Diversity and Biogeography", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Wood", "Soil carbon", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Chemistry", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19536"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep19536", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep19536", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep19536"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep19327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-13", "title": "Critical Carbon Input To Maintain Current Soil Organic Carbon Stocks In Global Wheat Systems", "description": "AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in croplands is a crucial component of global carbon (C) cycle. Depending on local environmental conditions and management practices, typical C input is generally required to reduce or reverse C loss in agricultural soils. No studies have quantified the critical C input for maintaining SOC at global scale with high resolution. Such information will provide a baseline map for assessing soil C dynamics under potential changes in management practices and climate and thus enable development of management strategies to reduce C footprint from farm to regional scales. We used the soil C model RothC to simulate the critical C input rates needed to maintain existing soil C level at 0.1\uffc2\uffb0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff890.1\uffc2\uffb0 resolution in global wheat systems. On average, the critical C input was estimated to be 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with large spatial variability depending on local soil and climatic conditions. Higher C inputs are required in wheat system of central United States and western Europe, mainly due to the higher current soil C stocks present in these regions. The critical C input could be effectively estimated using a summary model driven by current SOC level, mean annual temperature, precipitation and soil clay content.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep19327", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep19327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep19327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep24317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-14", "title": "Soil Microbial Community Composition And Respiration Along An Experimental Precipitation Gradient In A Semiarid Steppe", "description": "AbstractAs a primary limiting factor in arid and semiarid regions, precipitation strongly influences soil microbial properties. However, the patterns and mechanisms of soil microbial responses to precipitation have not been well documented. In this study, changes in soil microorganisms along an experimental precipitation gradient with seven levels of precipitation manipulation (i.e., ambient precipitation as a control and \uffc2\uffb120%, \uffc2\uffb140% and \uffc2\uffb160% of ambient precipitation) were explored in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China. Soil microbial biomass carbon and respiration as well as the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass varied along the experimental precipitation gradient and peaked under the +40% precipitation treatment. The shifts in microbial community composition could be largely attributable to the changes in soil water and nutrient availability. The metabolic quotient increased (indicating reduced carbon use efficiency) with increasing precipitation due to the leaching of dissolved organic carbon. The relative contributions of microbial respiration to soil and ecosystem respiration increased with increasing precipitation, suggesting that heterotrophic respiration will be more sensitive than autotrophic respiration if precipitation increases in the temperate steppe as predicted under future climate-change scenarios.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Bacteria", "Rain", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "Grassland", "Article", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Energy Metabolism", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep24317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep24317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep24317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/01904167.2015.1087032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-12", "title": "Phosphorus Fertilization Of A Grass-Legume Mixture: Effect On Plant Growth, Nutrients Acquisition And Symbiotic Associations With Soil Microorganisms", "description": "Fil: Mendoza, Rodolfo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'bernardino Rivadavia'; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "Arbuscular Mycorrhizae-Rhizobia-Dark Septate Endophyte", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Lotus-Festuca Mix", "15. Life on land", "N-P Limited Environment", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mendoza, Rodolfo Ernesto, Bailleres, Mat\u00edas Andres, Garc\u00eda, Ileana Vanesa, Ruiz, Oscar Adolfo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1087032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/01904167.2015.1087032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/01904167.2015.1087032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/01904167.2015.1087032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep27199", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-02", "title": "Changes in soil organic carbon in croplands subjected to fertilizer management: a global meta-analysis", "description": "AbstractCropland soil organic carbon (SOC) is undergoing substantial alterations due to both environmental and anthropogenic changes. Although numerous case studies have been conducted, there remains a lack of quantification of the consequences of such environmental and anthropogenic changes on the SOC sequestration across global agricultural systems. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of SOC changes under different fertilizer managements, namely unbalanced application of chemical fertilizers (UCF), balanced application of chemical fertilizers (CF), chemical fertilizers with straw application (CFS), and chemical fertilizers with manure application (CFM). We show that topsoil organic carbon (C) increased by 0.9 (0.7\uffe2\uff80\uff931.0, 95% confidence interval (CI))\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (10.0%, relative change, hereafter the same), 1.7 (1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff932.3)\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (15.4%), 2.0 (1.9\uffe2\uff80\uff932.2)\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (19.5%) and 3.5 (3.2\uffe2\uff80\uff933.8)\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (36.2%) under UCF, CF, CFS and CFM, respectively. The C sequestration durations were estimated as 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9373 years under CFS and 26\uffe2\uff80\uff93117 years under CFM but with high variability across climatic regions. At least 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 C input is needed to maintain the SOC in ~85% cases. We highlight a great C sequestration potential of applying CF, and adopting CFS and CFM is highly important for either improving or maintaining current SOC stocks across all agro\uffe2\uff80\uff93ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27199"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep27199", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep27199", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep27199"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep28974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Effects of shrub encroachment on soil organic carbon in global grasslands", "description": "AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrub encroachment on soil organic carbon (SOC) content at broad scales and its controls. We conducted a meta-analysis using paired control data of shrub-encroached grassland (SEG) vs. non-SEG collected from 142 studies worldwide. SOC contents (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) were altered by shrub encroachment, with changes ranging from \uffe2\uff88\uff9250% to\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89300%, with an effect size of 0.15 (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01). The SOC contents increased in semi-arid and humid regions, and showed a greater rate of increase in grassland encroached by leguminous shrubs than by non-legumes. The SOC content decreased in silty and clay soils but increased in sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam. The SOC content increment was significantly positively correlated with precipitation and temperature as well as with soil bulk density but significantly negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen. We conclude the main effects of shrub encroachment would be to increase topsoil organic carbon content. As structural equation model revealed, soils properties seem to be the primary factors responsible for the extent of the changes, coarse textured soils having a greater capacity than fine textured soils to increase the SOC content. This increased effect appears to be secondarily enhanced by climate and plant elements.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Climate", "Temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Article", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jingyun Fang, Jingyun Fang, Xia Zhao, He Li, P. Zhang, Luhong Zhou, Huifeng Hu, Leiyi Chen, Taoyu Liu, Haihua Shen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28974"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep28974", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep28974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep28974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep32791", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-06", "title": "Responses Of Soil Hydrolytic Enzymes, Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria And Archaea To Nitrogen Applications In A Temperate Grassland In Inner Mongolia", "description": "AbstractWe used a seven-year urea gradient applied field experiment to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) applications on soil N hydrolytic enzyme activity and ammonia-oxidizing microbial abundance in a typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that N additions inhibited the soil N-related hydrolytic enzyme activities, especially in 392\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment. As N additions increased, the amoA gene copy ratios of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) decreased from 1.13 to 0.65. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the AOA gene copies were negatively related with NH4+-N content. However, the AOB gene copies were positively correlated with NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92-N content. Moderate N application rates (56\uffe2\uff80\uff93224\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) accompanied by P additions are beneficial to maintaining the abundance of AOB, as opposed to the inhibition of highest N application rate (392\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on the abundance of AOB. This study suggests that the abundance of AOB and AOA would not decrease unless N applications exceed 224\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Hydrolysis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Grassland", "Nitrification", "Article", "Soil", "Ammonia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32791"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep32791", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep32791", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep32791"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep34786", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-10", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Addition On Soil Respiration In An Alpine Grassland On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractHigh soil organic carbon content, extensive root biomass, and low nutrient availability make alpine grasslands an important ecosystem for assessing the influence of nutrient enrichment on soil respiration (SR). We conducted a four-year (2009\uffe2\uff80\uff932012) field experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to examine the individual and combined effects of nitrogen (N, 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and phosphorus (P, 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) addition on SR. We found that both N and P addition did not affect the overall growing-season SR but effects varied by year: with N addition SR increased in the first year but decreased during the last two years. However, while P addition did not affect SR during the first two years, SR increased during the last two years. No interactive effects of N and P addition were observed, and both N addition and P addition reduced heterotrophic respiration during the last year of the experiment. N and P addition affected SR via different processes: N mainly affected heterotrophic respiration, whereas P largely influenced autotrophic respiration. Our results highlight the divergent effects of N and P addition on SR and address the important potential of P enrichment for regulating SR and the carbon balance in alpine grasslands.
", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "0106 biological sciences", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Plant Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Respiration", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Plant Nutrient Uptake and Signaling Pathways", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Soil carbon", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Physical Sciences", "Heterotroph", "Growing season", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34786"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep34786", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep34786", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep34786"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep28981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-30", "title": "Quantitative And Compositional Responses Of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea And Bacteria To Long-Term Field Fertilization", "description": "AbstractArchaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) ammonia-oxidizer responses to long-term field fertilization in a Mollisol soil were assessed through pyrosequencing of amoA genes. Long-term fertilization treatments including chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK plus manure (NPKM) and no fertilization over 23 years altered soil properties resulting in significant shifts in AOA and AOB community composition and abundance. NPK exhibited a strong influence on AOA and AOB composition while the addition of manure neutralized the community change induced by NPK. NPK also led to significant soil acidification and enrichment of Nitrosotalea. Nitrosospira cluster 9 and 3c were the most abundant AOB populations with opposing responses to fertilization treatments. NPKM had the largest abundance of ammonia-oxidizers and highest potential nitrification activity (PNA), suggesting high N loss potential due to a doubling of nutrient input compared to NPK. PNA was strongly correlated to AOA and AOB community composition indicating that both were important in ammonium oxidization in this Mollisol soil. Total N and organic C were the most important factors driving shifts in AOA and AOB community composition. The AOA community was strongly correlated to the activities of all sugar hydrolysis associated soil enzymes and was more responsive to C and N input than AOB.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Biota", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Genes", " Archaeal", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "Genes", " Bacterial", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep28981", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep28981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep28981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep33190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-12", "title": "Grazing improves C and N cycling in the Northern Great Plains: a meta-analysis", "description": "AbstractGrazing potentially alters grassland ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and cycles, however, the overall direction and magnitude of such alterations are poorly understood on the Northern Great Plains (NGP). By synthesizing data from multiple studies on grazed NGP ecosystems, we quantified the response of 30 variables to C and N pools and fluxes to grazing using a comprehensive meta-analysis method. Results showed that grazing enhanced soil C (5.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894.6% relative) and N (11.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff899.1%) pools in the top layer, stimulated litter decomposition (26.8\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8918.4%) and soil N mineralization (22.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8918.4%) and enhanced soil NH4+(51.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8942.9%) and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92(47.5\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8920.7%) concentrations. Our results indicate that the NGP grasslands have sequestered C and N in the past 70 to 80 years, recovering C and N lost during a period of widespread grassland deterioration that occurred in the first half of the 20thcentury. Sustainable grazing management employed after this deterioration has acted as a critical factor for C and N amelioration of degraded NGP grasslands and about 5.84\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921CO2-equivalent of anthropogenic CO2emissions has been offset by these grassland soils.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "United States", "Carbon Cycle", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Herbivory"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep33190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep33190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep33190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep36981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-11", "title": "Increase Phosphorus Availability From The Use Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L) Green Manure In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Agroecosystem", "description": "AbstractAlfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. Two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. The results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (P) fractions (including NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), P uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase) than broad bean and N fertilizer. The transformation of NaHCO3-Po to labile P regulated by alfalfa played a significant direct and indirect effect on grain yield. Although a much lower N input from alfalfa addition, a similar grain yield with N fertilizer treatment was achieved, and the integration of alfalfa with N fertilizer produced the highest grain yield and P availability, which was associated with the highest urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase activity in soil. These results indicate that alfalfa green manure had a great ability of increasing grain yield through enhancing P availability in rice paddy, which could give us a way to reduce N fertilizer application by enhancing P availability.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Vicia faba", "Manure", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoye Gao, Shili Yuan, Dongyan Shi, Yuan An, Aimin Lv, Peng Zhou, Shengyin Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep36981", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep36981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep42247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-08", "title": "Nitrate Leaching In A Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation On A Calcareous Soil As Affected By Nitrogen And Straw Management", "description": "AbstractNitrate leaching is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen (N) loss which leads to groundwater contamination or surface water eutrophication. Clarifying the rates, controlling factors and characteristics of nitrate leaching is the pre-requisite for proposing effective mitigation strategies. We investigated the effects of interactions among chemical N fertilizer, straw and manure applications on nitrogen leaching in an intensively managed calcareous Fluvo-aquic soil with winter wheat-summer maize cropping rotations on the North China Plain from October 2010 to September 2013 using ceramic suction cups and seepage water calculations based on a long-term field experiment. Annual nitrate leaching reached 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from conventional N managements, but declined by 32\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% due to optimum N, compost manure or municipal waste treatments, respectively. Nitrate leaching concentrated in the summer maize season, and fewer leaching events with high amounts are the characteristics of nitrate leaching in this region. Overuse of chemical N fertilizers, high net mineralization and nitrification, together with predominance of rainfall in the summer season with light soil texture are the main controlling factors responsible for the high nitrate leaching loss in this soil-crop-climatic system.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Regression Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep42247", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep42247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep37402", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-21", "title": "Mitigating Effects Of Ex Situ Application Of Rice Straw On Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Paddy-Upland Coexisting System", "description": "AbstractThe in situ application of rice straw enhances CH4 emissions by a large margin. The ex situ application of rice straw in uplands, however, may mitigate total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting systems. To evaluate the efficiency of this practice, two field trials were conducted in rice-rice-fallow and maize-rape cropping systems, respectively. Year-round measurements of CH4 and N2O emissions were conducted to evaluate the system-scaled GWP. The results showed that CH4 accounted for more than 98% of GWP in paddy. Straw removal from paddy decreased 44.7% (302.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of CH4 emissions and 51.2% (0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of N2O emissions, thus decreased 44.8% (7693\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of annual GWP. N2O accounted for almost 100% of GWP in upland. Straw application in upland had insignificant effects on CH4 and N2O emissions, which increased GWP only by 91\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. So, the transfer of straw from paddy to upland could decrease GWP by 7602\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Moreover, straw retention during late rice season contributed to 88.2% of annual GWP increment. It is recommended to transfer early rice straw to upland considering GWP mitigation, nutrient recycling and labor cost.
", "keywords": ["Waste Products", "2. Zero hunger", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaohong Wu, Xiaoli Xie, Wei Wang, Anlei Chen, Chunmei Yin, Yunqiu Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37402"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep37402", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep37402", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep37402"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep43853", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-08", "title": "A New Urease-Inhibiting Formulation Decreases Ammonia Volatilization And Improves Maize Nitrogen Utilization In North China Plain", "description": "AbstractOveruse of urea, low nitrogen (N) utilization, and large N losses are common in maize production in North China Plain (NCP). To solve these problems, we conducted two field experiments at Shangzhuang and Quzhou in NCP to test the ability of a newly developed urease inhibitor product Limus\uffc2\uffae to decrease NH3 volatilization from urea applied to maize. Grain yield, apparent N recovery efficiency (REN) and N balance when using urea applied with or without Limus were also measured over two maize growing seasons. Cumulative NH3 loss in the two weeks following urea application without Limus ranged from 9\uffe2\uff80\uff93108\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while Limus addition significantly decreased NH3 loss by a mean of 84%. Urea with Limus did not significantly increase maize yields (P\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff890.05) compared with urea alone. However, a significant 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9317% improvement in REN with Limus was observed at QZ. The use of urea-N plus Limus would permit a reduction in N applications of 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9360% compared to farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practice and/or further 20% N saving compared with optimized urea-N rate (150\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, based on N requirement by target yield of 7.5 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and would achieve the same maize yields but with significantly decreased NH3 loss and increased N utilization.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Urease", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "Ammonia", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep43853", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep43853", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep43853"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-29", "title": "A meta-analysis of fertilizer-induced soil NO and combined NO+N2O emissions", "description": "AbstractSoils are among the important sources of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), acting as a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. Updated data derived from 114 peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed publications with 520 field measurements were synthesized using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis procedure to examine the N fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced soil NO and the combined NO+N2O emissions across global soils. Besides factors identified in earlier reviews, additional factors responsible for NO fluxes were fertilizer type, soil C/N ratio, crop residue incorporation, tillage, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, drought and biomass burning. When averaged across all measurements, soil NO\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fluxes were estimated to be 4.06\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with the greatest (9.75\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in vegetable croplands and the lowest (0.11\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in rice paddies. Soil NO emissions were more enhanced by synthetic N fertilizer (+38%), relative to organic (+20%) or mixed N (+18%) sources. Compared with synthetic N fertilizer alone, synthetic N fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitors substantially reduced soil NO emissions by 81%. The global mean direct emission factors of N fertilizer for NO (EFNO) and combined NO+N2O (EFc) were estimated to be 1.16% and 2.58%, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.71\uffe2\uff80\uff931.61% and 1.81\uffe2\uff80\uff933.35%, respectively. Forests had the greatest EFNO (2.39%). Within the croplands, the EFNO (1.71%) and EFc (4.13%) were the greatest in vegetable cropping fields. Among different chemical N fertilizer varieties, ammonium nitrate had the greatest EFNO (2.93%) and EFc (5.97%). Some options such as organic instead of synthetic N fertilizer, decreasing N fertilizer input rate, nitrification inhibitor and low irrigation frequency could be adopted to mitigate soil NO emissions. More field measurements over multiyears are highly needed to minimize the estimate uncertainties and mitigate soil NO emissions, particularly in forests and vegetable croplands.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13485"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13485"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c1em10059a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-06", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage As Influenced By Tree Cover In The Dehesa Cork Oak Silvopasture Of Central-Western Spain", "description": "The extent of carbon (C) stored in soils depends on a number of factors including soil characteristics, climatic and other environmental conditions, and management practices. Such information, however, is lacking for silvopastoral systems in Spain. This study quantified the amounts of soil C stored at various depths (0-25, 25-50, 50-75, and 75-100 cm) under a Dehesa cork oak (Quercus suber L.) silvopasture at varying distances (2, 5, and 15 m) to trees. Soil C in the whole soil and three soil fractions (<53, 53-250, and 250-2000 \u03bcm) was determined. Results showed soil depth to be a significant factor in soil C stocks in all soil particle sizes. Distance to tree was a significant factor determining soil C stocks in the whole soil and the 250-2000 \u03bcm soil fraction. To 1 m depth, mean total C storage at 2, 5, and 15 m from cork oak was 50.2, 37, and 26.5 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Taking into account proportions of land surface area containing these C stocks at varying distances to trees to 1 m depth, with a tree density of 35 stems ha(-1), estimated landscape soil C is 29.9 Mg ha(-1). Greater soil C stocks directly underneath the tree canopy suggest that maintaining or increasing tree cover, where lost from disease or management, may increase long term storage of soil C in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems. The results also demonstrate the use of soil aggregate characteristics as better indicators of soil C sequestration potential and thus a tool for environmental monitoring.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Quercus", "Soil", "Spain", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c1em10059a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Monitoring", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c1em10059a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c1em10059a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c1em10059a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c2em30410d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration As Affected By Afforestation: The Darab Kola Forest (North Of Iran) Case Study", "description": "Following the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, afforestation of formerly arable lands and/or degraded areas has been acknowledged as a land-use change contributing to the mitigation of increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentration in the atmosphere. In the present work, we study the soil organic carbon sequestration (SOCS) in 21 year old stands of maple (Acer velutinum Bioss.), oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey.), and red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in the Darab Kola region, north of Iran. Soil samples were collected at four different depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm), and characterized with respect to bulk density, water content, electrical conductivity, pH, texture, lime content, total organic C, total N, and earthworm density and biomass. Data showed that afforested stands significantly affected soil characteristics, also raising SOCS phenomena, with values of 163.3, 120.6, and 102.1 Mg C ha(-1) for red pine, oak and maple stands, respectively, vs. 83.0 Mg C ha(-1) for the control region. Even if the dynamics of organic matter (OM) in soil is very complex and affected by several pedo-climatic factors, a stepwise regression method indicates that SOCS values in the studied area could be predicted using the following parameters, i.e., sand, clay, lime, and total N contents, and C/N ratio. In particular, although the chemical and physical stabilization capacity of organic C by soil is believed to be mainly governed by clay content, regression analysis showed a positive correlation between SOCS and sand (R = 0.86(**)), whereas a negative correlation with clay (R = -0.77(**)) was observed, thus suggesting that most of this organic C occurs as particulate OM instead of mineral-associated OM. Although the proposed models do not take into account possible changes due to natural and anthropogenic processes, they represent a simple way that could be used to evaluate and/or monitor the potential of each forest plantation in immobilizing organic C in soil (thus reducing atmospheric C concentration), as well as to select more appropriate species during forestation plan management at least in the north of Iran.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Nitrogen", "Carbon sequestration; soils; afforestation; Iran", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Iran", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c2em30410d"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Monitoring", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c2em30410d", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c2em30410d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c2em30410d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c7en01139c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-02", "title": "Proposal for a tiered dietary bioaccumulation testing strategy for engineered nanomaterials using fish", "description": "The scientific community has invested effort into standardising methodologies for the regulatory ecotoxicity testing of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), but the practical requirements for bioaccumulation testing of ENMs have been given less attention.
", "keywords": ["TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES", "ISOLATED-PERFUSED INTESTINE", "ZINC-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES", "RAINBOW-TROUT", "ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO", "IN-VITRO", "3. Good health", "TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS", "DAPHNIA-MAGNA", "WATERBORNE COPPER NANOPARTICLES", "13. Climate action", "ECOTOXICITY TEST METHODS", "105906 Environmental geosciences", "14. Life underwater", "105906 Umweltgeowissenschaften"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2018/EN/C7EN01139C"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c7en01139c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Nano", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c7en01139c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c7en01139c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c7en01139c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c8em00278a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-24", "title": "Impact of soil properties on the soil methane flux response to biochar addition: a meta-analysis", "description": "In an effort to optimize soil management practices that can help mitigate terrestrial carbon emissions, biochar has been applied to a wide range of soil environments to examine its effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Climate Action", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Soil Sciences", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5rg779t5/qt5rg779t5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00278a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Processes%20%26amp%3B%20Impacts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c8em00278a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c8em00278a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c8em00278a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c8en00981c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-24", "title": "An assessment of the dietary bioavailability of silver nanomaterials in rainbow trout using an ex vivo gut sac technique", "description": "The uptake of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by the gut of fishes is poorly understood.
", "keywords": ["Total silver concentration", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Biopersistence", "02 engineering and technology", "Bioaccumulation potential", "Chloride", "01 natural sciences", "Rapid testing", "Fish", "In vitro", "Short term exposure", "Gut", "Environmental aging", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/EN/C8EN00981C"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c8en00981c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Nano", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c8en00981c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c8en00981c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c8en00981c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jxb/erab174", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-03", "title": "Digging roots is easier with AI", "description": "AbstractThe scale of root quantification in research is often limited by the time required for sampling, measurement and processing samples. Recent developments in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have made faster and more accurate plant image analysis possible which may significantly reduce the time required for root measurement, but challenges remain in making these methods accessible to researchers without an in-depth knowledge of Machine Learning. We analyzed root images acquired from three destructive root samplings using the RootPainter CNN-software that features an interface for corrective annotation for easier use. Root scans with and without non-root debris were used to test if training a model, i.e., learning from labeled examples, can effectively exclude the debris by comparing the end-results with measurements from clean images. Root images acquired from soil profile walls and the cross-section of soil cores were also used for training and the derived measurements were compared with manual measurements. After 200 minutes of training on each dataset, significant relationships between manual measurements and RootPainter-derived data were noted for monolith (R2=0.99), profile wall (R2=0.76) and core-break (R2=0.57). The rooting density derived from images with debris was not significantly different from that derived from clean images after processing with RootPainter. Rooting density was also successfully calculated from both profile wall and soil core images, and in each case the gradient of root density with depth was not significantly different from manual counts. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach using CNN can lead to substantial reductions in root sample processing workloads, increasing the potential scale of future root investigations.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "root phenotyping", "profile wall", "root washing", "segmentation", "deep learning", "Convolutional neural network", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "core-break", "monolith", "soil coring", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Neural Networks", " Computer", "Software"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-pdf/72/13/4680/38807872/erab174.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab174"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jxb/erab174", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jxb/erab174", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jxb/erab174"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-04-24", "title": "Organic Matter Lability In A Tropical Oxisol: Evidence From Shifting Cultivation, Chemical Oxidation, Particle Size, Density, And Magnetic Fractionations", "description": "When temperate soils are cultivated, rates of organic matter mineralization rarely exceed 50% of total carbon (C) for about 50 to 100 years of cultivation, and the remaining soil organic matter contributes to soil quality by storing nutrients and providing aggregation. In weathered tropical soils, rates of C loss caused by cultivation are many times faster than those for temperate soils, with a substantial deterioration in soil quality often in less than 10 years. Here we examine the role of minerals and microaggregation in organic matter stability in the search for a stable organic C pool in a semiarid tropical soil (Oxisol) from the Chapada de Araripe in Pernambuco, NE Brazil. In this soil, 14% of the C and N was lost in 6 years of manual shifting cultivation, after which it was abandoned. Carbon in the sand fraction accounted for 22% of total soil C and declined by 40% upon cultivation. Although silt and silt-sized microaggregates accounted for only 10% of total soil mass, they contained nearly half the soil C, which declined by 13% during cultivation. Clay-associated C (27% of soil C) showed no decline because of a mass transfer from sand and silt-sized microaggregates to clay, probably as a result of their destabilization under cultivation. Chemical oxidation with 0.03 M KMnO4 was able to predict the proportion of labile C and indicated a decreased organic matter stability after cultivation. Density and magnetic fractionation indicated that organo-mineral complexes were broken down during cultivation, with a subsequent mineralization of C and redistribution to finer, lighter fractions. The most stable fraction appeared to be in silt-sized microaggregates and in clays of intermediate magnetic susceptibility, indicating its association with Fe of low crystallinity. Even this most resistant fraction showed a 14C age of only about 100 years, approximately double that of the whole soil but only one-tenth of values typical of resistant fractions in temperate soils. This result indicates that organic matter of weathered tropical soils may be less stable than assumed, that rapid degradation of soil quality is possible, and that organic matter management should be a priority for sustainable agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Holm Tiessen, Chao Shang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-10", "title": "Clay Mineralogy And Dispersibility Of Soil And Sediment Derived From Rhodic Paleudults", "description": "Surface horizons of Rhodic Paleudults in the Tennessee Valley region of Alabama contain large amounts of clay (<2 \u03bcm) composed of quartz, kaolinite, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, and iron oxides. Similar clay mineralogical suites have been shown to be dispersive, which can lead to the degradation of soil physical properties. Furthermore, some studies have suggested mineralogical enrichment in dispersed colloids versus in situ soil, which can effect transport of sediment-attached pollutants. The historical utilization of conventional tillage practices without cover crops has degraded soil quality in this region; however, reduced tillage systems are becoming common. We evaluated clay dispersibility and mineralogical partitioning for fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults cropped to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in: (i) a no-till system without a cover crop (NT), (ii) a no-till system with a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (NTC), (iii) a no-till system with a rye cover crop and fall paratilling (NTCP), and (iv) a conventional tillage system (disking and chisel plowing in the fall followed by disking in spring) (CT). Water dispersible clay (WDC), extractable Fe, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were evaluated for surface (0-1 cm) samples. Particle size distribution (PSD) and clay mineralogy of in situ soil, runoff sediment, and WDC were also determined. Data indicated Fe oxides play a more significant role in clay aggregation than soil organic matter (SOM) in these high Fe systems. Higher clay amounts were recovered with dithionite extractable Fe removed (Fed) compared with SOM removal (33 \u00b1 3% vs 25 \u00b1 4%). The WDC quantities were related to SOC (r 2 = 0.65) and negatively correlated with Fed (%) and water stable aggregates (%). Particle size and mineralogy of runoff sediment and WDC mineralogy were similar to in situ soil, suggesting models depicting erosion and sediment-attached pollutant transport can be developed using in situ soil as a surrogate for sediment characterization in these soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Joey N. Shaw, D. W. Reeves, Clint C. Truman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00800.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Exposure To Elevated Co2 And N Fertilization On The Development Of Photosynthetic Capacity And Biomass Accumulation In Quercus Suber L.", "description": "AbstractThe effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (4 year) CO2 enrichment (70\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa versus 35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa) and nitrogen nutrition (8\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm versus 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93) on biomass accumulation and the development of photosynthetic capacity in leaves of cork oak (Quercus suber L., a Mediterranean evergreen tree) were studied. The evolution of photosynthetic parameters with leaf development was estimated by fitting the biochemical model of Farquhar et al. (Planta 149, 78\uffe2\uff80\uff9390, 1980) with modifications by Sharkey (Botanical Review 78, 71\uffe2\uff80\uff9375, 1985) to A\uffe2\uff80\uff93Ci response curves. CO2 enrichment had a small reduction effect on the development of the maximum CO2 fixation capacity by Rubisco (VCmax), and no effect over maximum electron transport capacity (Jmax), day\uffe2\uff80\uff90time respiration (Rd) and Triose\uffe2\uff80\uff90P utilization (TPU). However, there was a statistically significant effect of N fertilization and the interaction CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83N over the evolution of VCmax, Jmax and TPU. Relative stomatal limitation (estimated from A\uffe2\uff80\uff93Ci curves) was higher (+20%) for plants grown under ambient CO2 than for plants grown under elevated CO2. There was a significant effect of CO2 and N fertilization over total biomass accumulation as well as leaf area. Plants grown at elevated CO2 had 27% more biomass than plants grown at ambient CO2 when given high N. However, for plants grown under low N there was no significant effect of CO2 enrichment on biomass accumulation. Plants grown under low N also had significantly higher root\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83shoot ratios whereas there were no differences between CO2 treatments. The larger biomass accumulation of Q. suber under elevated CO2 is attributable to a higher availability of CO2 coupled to a larger leaf area, with no significant decrease in photosynthetic capacity under CO2 enrichment and elevated N fertilization. For low N fertilization, the effects of CO2 enrichment over leaf area and biomass accumulation are lost, suggesting that in native ecosystems with low N availability, the effects of CO2 enrichment may be insignificant.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Cork-oak (Quercus suber L);", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Growth", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Photosynthesis", "15. Life on land", "Long-term CO2 enrichment", "N fertilization", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00800.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00800.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00800.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00800.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00432.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Influence Of Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment On Methane Consumption In A Temperate Forest Soil", "description": "AbstractRates of atmospheric CH4 consumption of soils in temperate forest were compared in plots continuously enriched with CO2 at 200\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5L L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 above ambient and in control plots exposed to the ambient atmosphere of 360\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5L CO2 L\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The purpose was to determine if ecosystem atmospheric CO2 enrichment would alter soil microbial CH4 consumption at the forest floor and if the effect of CO2 would change with time or with environmental conditions. Reduced CH4 consumption was observed in CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched plots relative to control plots on 46 out of 48 sampling dates, such that CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched plots showed annual reductions in CH4 consumption of 16% in 1998 and 30% in 1999. No significant differences were observed in soil moisture, temperature, pH, inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N or rates of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralization between CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched and control plots, indicating that differences in CH4 consumption between treatments were likely the result of changes in the composition or size of the CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing microbial community. A repeated measures analysis of variance that included soil moisture, soil temperature (from 0 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), and time as covariates indicated that the reduction of CH4 consumption under elevated CO2 was enhanced at higher soil temperatures. Additionally, the effect of elevated CO2 on CH4 consumption increased with time during the two\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study. Overall, these data suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 will reduce atmospheric CH4 consumption in temperate forests and that the effect will be greater in warmer climates. A 30% reduction in atmospheric CH4 consumption by temperate forest soils in response to rising atmospheric CO2 will result in a 10% reduction in the sink strength of temperate forest soils in the atmospheric CH4 budget and a positive feedback to the greenhouse effect.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00432.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00432.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00432.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00432.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Stimulates Aboveground Biomass In A Fire-Regenerated Scrub-Oak Ecosystem", "description": "AbstractThe effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) on the aboveground biomass of three oak species, Quercus myrtifolia, Q. geminata, and Q. chapmanii, was estimated nondestructively using allometric relationships between stem diameter and aboveground biomass after four years of experimental treatment in a naturally fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90regenerated scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak ecosystem. After burning a stand of scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation, re\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing plants were exposed to either current ambient (379\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5L\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2) or elevated (704\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5L\uffe2\uff80\uff83L\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2) Ca in 16 open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers over a four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period, and measurements of stem diameter were carried out annually on all oak shoots within each chamber. Elevated Ca significantly increased aboveground biomass, expressed either per unit ground area or per shoot; elevated Ca had no effect on shoot density. The relative effect of elevated Ca on aboveground biomass increased each year of the study from 44% (May 96\uffe2\uff80\uff93Jan 97), to 55% (Jan 97\uffe2\uff80\uff93Jan 98), 66% (Jan 98\uffe2\uff80\uff93Jan 99), and 75% (Jan 99\uffe2\uff80\uff93Jan 00). The effect of elevated Ca was species specific: elevated Ca significantly increased aboveground biomass of the dominant species, Q. myrtifolia, and tended to increase aboveground biomass of Q. chapmanii, but had no effect on aboveground biomass of the subdominant, Q. geminata. These results show that rising atmospheric CO2 has the potential to stimulate aboveground biomass production in ecosystems dominated by woody species, and that species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific growth responses could, in the long term, alter the composition of the scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak community.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00458.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis", "description": "AbstractThe effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks are of concern in the context of international policy agendas on greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. This paper reviews the literature for the influence of land use changes on soil C stocks and reports the results of a meta analysis of these data from 74 publications. The meta analysis indicates that soil C stocks decline after land use changes from pasture to plantation (\uffe2\uff88\uff9210%), native forest to plantation (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213%), native forest to crop (\uffe2\uff88\uff9242%), and pasture to crop (\uffe2\uff88\uff9259%). Soil C stocks increase after land use changes from native forest to pasture (+\uffe2\uff80\uff838%), crop to pasture (+\uffe2\uff80\uff8319%), crop to plantation (+\uffe2\uff80\uff8318%), and crop to secondary forest (+\uffe2\uff80\uff8353%). Wherever one of the land use changes decreased soil C, the reverse process usually increased soil carbon andvice versa. As the quantity of available data is not large and the methodologies used are diverse, the conclusions drawn must be regarded as working hypotheses from which to design future targeted investigations that broaden the database. Within some land use changes there were, however, sufficient examples to explore the role of other factors contributing to the above conclusions. One outcome of the meta analysis, especially worthy of further investigation in the context of carbon sink strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation, is that broadleaf tree plantations placed onto prior native forest or pastures did not affect soil C stocks whereas pine plantations reduced soil C stocks by 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9315%.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. B. Guo, R. M. Gifford,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.13469", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-25", "title": "Identification of soil\u2010related professional profiles for the future from a survey of European stakeholders", "description": "AbstractCurrent and future stakeholders and decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers involved in agricultural soil management need to develop soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related skills to meet the challenges of food security and global change in the coming decades. The aim of this study was to identify professional profiles related to the management, conservation and restoration of agricultural soils on the basis of a European stakeholder survey and to relate these profiles to specific and generic skills. Stakeholders from 24 European countries, selected by the national hubs of the European Joint Programme on agricultural soil management, were invited to propose soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related professional profiles that they considered important to develop over the next 20\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. They were then asked to identify up to 15 specific or generic skills that they considered necessary for each profile. In total, 299 stakeholders proposed 1\uffe2\uff80\uff933 professional profiles each, in 20 languages, for a total of 786 profiles ranging from the bachelor to doctoral level. After translation into English and grouping by expertise, 60 profiles were identified and classified as \uffe2\uff80\uff98traditional\uffe2\uff80\uff99, \uffe2\uff80\uff98specialised\uffe2\uff80\uff99 or \uffe2\uff80\uff98innovative\uffe2\uff80\uff99. Innovative profiles were related to the inclusion of soil in fields that do not currently provide soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related education (e.g., communication, mediation, economics, law, land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use planning, architecture, data science). Correspondence analysis based on the number of times a skill was considered necessary for a given profile led to the grouping of the 60 initial profiles into 10 clusters of profiles that required similar skills: these 10 clusters of profiles were described, and their necessary skills were identified. The clusters illustrate the need to broaden the scope of soil science and the variety of professions that can address soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related issues and require knowledge about soils. Ultimately, this list of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related professional profiles and their necessary skills could help revise existing higher\uffe2\uff80\uff90education curricula or create new curricula.We measured soil CO2 flux over 19 sampling periods that spanned two growing seasons in a grassland Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment that factorially manipulated three major anthropogenic global changes: atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, nitrogen (N) supply, and plant species richness. On average, over two growing seasons, elevated atmospheric CO2 and N fertilization increased soil CO2 flux by 0.57\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (13% increase) and 0.37\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (8% increase) above average control soil CO2 flux, respectively. Decreases in planted diversity from 16 to 9, 4 and 1 species decreased soil CO2 flux by 0.23, 0.41 and 1.09\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (5%, 8% and 21% decreases), respectively. There were no statistically significant pairwise interactions among the three treatments. During 19 sampling periods that spanned two growing seasons, elevated atmospheric CO2 increased soil CO2 flux most when soil moisture was low and soils were warm. Effects on soil CO2 flux due to fertilization with N and decreases in diversity were greatest at the times of the year when soils were warm, although there were no significant correlations between these effects and soil moisture. Of the treatments, only the N and diversity treatments were correlated over time; neither were correlated with the CO2 effect. Models of soil CO2 flux will need to incorporate ecosystem CO2 and N availability, as well as ecosystem plant diversity, and incorporate different environmental factors when determining the magnitude of the CO2, N and diversity effects on soil CO2 flux.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00455.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00455.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00455.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00455.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Nitrogen-15 Budget In Model Ecosystems Of White Clover And Perennial Ryegrass Exposed For Four Years At Elevated Atmospheric Pco(2)", "description": "AbstractAlthough there are many indications that N cycling in grassland ecosystems changes under elevated atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), most information has been obtained in short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies. Thus, N budgets were established for four years under ambient and 60\uffe2\uff80\uff83Pa pCO2 at two levels of N fertilization in two contrasting model ecosystems: Trifolium repens L. (white clover) and Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) were planted in soil in boxes in the Swiss FACE experiment. While T. repens showed an 80% increase in harvested biomass with no change in biomass allocation under elevated atmospheric pCO2 compared to ambient conditions, L. perenne showed an increase only in the biomass of the roots. During the four years of the experiment, the systems gained N both from N retained in the soil and from stubble/stolon and roots left after the final harvest; in total between 11 and 86\uffe2\uff80\uff83gN\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922. Nitrogen retention in the soil was between 4 and 64\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83m2. The L. perenne system gained the most N and retained the most N in the soil at high N fertilization and elevated atmospheric pCO2. The input of new C and N into the soil correlated well in the L. perenne systems but not in the T. repens systems. Elevated atmospheric pCO2 led neither to an increase in N retention in the soil nor did it reduce the loss of N from the soil. In the L. perenne systems, N fertilization played the main role in both the retention of N and the sequestration of C, while in the T. repens systems symbiotic N2 fixation may have controlled N retention in the soil.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Josef N\u00f6sberger, Chris van Kessel, Andreas L\u00fcscher, Ueli A. Hartwig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00130.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Nitrogen Mineralization Potential Of Organomineral Size Separates From Soils With Annual Straw Incorporation", "description": "SummaryWith annual incorporation of straw, soil N\uffe2\uff80\uff83mineralization is expected to increase whereby requirements for fertilizer N inputs may be reduced. Samples of whole soil, clay (<\uffe2\uff80\uff832\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm), silt (2\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm) and sand (20\uffe2\uff80\uff932000\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm) sized organomineral separates from three soils with annual additions of straw ranging from 0 to 12\uffe2\uff80\uff83t ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 were leached after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of incubation at 20\uffc2\uffb0C, to determine the content of NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83NO3.\uffe2\uff80\uff83A three\uffe2\uff80\uff90pool model using first order kinetics and fixed rate constants (N1, k1\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.231 day\uffe2\uff80\uff931; N2, k2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.00693 day\uffe2\uff80\uff931; N3, k3\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830) was fitted to the\uffe2\uff80\uff83mineralization data.
The\uffe2\uff80\uff83mineralizability of whole soil N (mg N g\uffe2\uff80\uff931 N) differed among soil types. Straw generally increased the fast N1 and the passive N3 pool while the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N2 pool was reduced in size. The N1, N2 and N3 averaged 0.8, 2.6 and 96.6% of the whole soil N, respectively.
The N\uffe2\uff80\uff83mineralizability increased in the order: sand < silt < clay. The lability of N in a given size separate was almost similar across soil types and straw managements. The active N pools (N1\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83N2) averaged 7.1% of the clay N and 2.2% of the silt N. The main difference was related to the N2 pool, which accounted for 5.5% in clay and 1.2% in silt.
Mineral N produced during incubation ranged from 63 to 105\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931. Effects of straw disposal were small (<\uffe2\uff80\uff8311\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931). Maximum response was at 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t straw ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931; adding more straw diminished mineralization of N.
Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual incorporation of cereal straw contributes mainly soil N with a slow turnover.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christensen, Bent Tolstrup, Olesen, J\u00f8rgen E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00130.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00130.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00130.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00130.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Enchytraeid Worms (Oligochaeta) Enhance Mineralization Of Carbon In Organic Upland Soils", "description": "SummaryWe investigated the functional role of enchytraeid worms (Oligochaeta) in organic upland soils experimentally, because that role of these animals is little known. We made microcosms of intact soil cores cut from two depths, 0\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm, of a Cambic Stagnohumic Gley from the Moor House National Nature Reserve (UK). Enchytraeids were added to half of the microcosms, resulting in four treatments: litter (L), litter\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83enchytraeids (L\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83E), soil (S) and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83enchytraeids (S\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83E). Triplicates of each treatment were established, and all microcosms (60) were then incubated in the dark at 15\uffc2\uffb0C, arranged in a fully randomized design. The experiment ran over 110\uffe2\uff80\uff83days, with five destructive harvests at days 10, 25, 50, 75 and 110, when microbial measurements (soil respiration and biomass C) as well as measures of decomposition (nutrient concentration in leachates) were made. Enchytraeids almost doubled the availability of organic carbon (measured as dissolved organic carbon in soil leachates) in the surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) microcosms only. There were no effects of enchytraeids on the release of inorganic N or P from either soil horizon, although the release of ammonium and phosphate was correlated with the number of enchytraeids in the microcosms. The depth from which the soil was taken exerted a strong influence on nutrient leaching, with almost six times more ammonium and four times more carbon being leached from the surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) layer than from the more decomposed (4\uffe2\uff80\uff938\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) horizon. There was little nitrate leaching from any of the treatments, with only one\uffe2\uff80\uff90quarter as much nitrate leached from the surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) as from the subsurface (4\uffe2\uff80\uff938\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) horizon. Enchytraeids had no detectable effect on microbial biomass, but they increased microbial respiration by 35% in the surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff934\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) horizon. Because they enhanced microbial activity in this horizon we suggest that enchytraeids indirectly drive the processes of decomposition and nutrient mineralization in organic upland soils.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.13472", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-20", "title": "Cover crops affect pool specific soil organic carbon in cropland \u2013 A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "AbstractCover crops (CC) offer numerous benefits to agroecosystems, particularly in the realm of soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual and loss mitigation. However, uncertainties persist regarding the extent to which CCs, in co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence with environmental factors, influence SOC responses and associated C pools. We therefore performed a weighted meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis on the effects of CCs on the mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic carbon (MAOC), the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) pool compared to no CC cultivation in arable cropland. Our study summarized global research of comparable management, with a focus on climatic zones representative of Europe, such as arid, temperate and boreal climates. In this meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we included 71 independent studies from 61 articles published between 1990 and June 2023 in several scientific and grey literature databases. Sensitivity analysis was conducted and did not identify any significant publication bias. The results revealed that CCs had an overall statistically significant positive effect on SOC pools, increasing MAOC by 4.8% (95% CI: 0.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff939.4%, n \uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff8916), POC by 23.2% (95% CI: 13.9%\uffe2\uff80\uff9334.4%, n \uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff8939) and MBC by 20.2% (95% CI: 11.7%\uffe2\uff80\uff9330.7%, n \uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff8930) in the top soil, compared to no CC cultivation. Thereby, CCs feed into the stable as well as the more labile C pools. The effect of CCs on MAOC was dependent on soil clay content and initial SOC concentration, whereas POC was influenced by moderators such as CC peak biomass and experiment duration. For MBC, for example, clay content, crop rotation duration and tillage depth were identified as important drivers. Based on our results on the effects of CCs on SOC pools and significant moderators, we identified several research needs. A pressing need for additional experiments exploring the effects of CCs on SOC pools was found, with a particular focus on MAOC and POC. Further, we emphasize the necessity for conducting European studies spanning the north\uffe2\uff80\uff93south gradient. In conclusion, our results show that CC cultivation is a key strategy to promote C accrual in different SOC pools. Additionally, this meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides new insights into the state of knowledge regarding SOC pool changes influenced by CCs, offering quantitative summary results and shedding light on the sources of heterogeneity affecting these findings. Carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff9013 (C\uffe2\uff80\uff9013) solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90state NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical nature of organic C in mineral topsoil sampled under grassland and adjacent recently established (10\uffe2\uff80\uff9317 years old) coniferous forest (Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii; Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa; Corsican pine, Pinus nigra) at two sites (Craigieburn, Cave Stream) in the South Island of New Zealand. This involved using a Cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90Polarized/Magic\uffe2\uff80\uff90Angle Spinning (CP/MAS) technique to identify different chemical forms of soil organic C, whilst Proton Spin Relaxation Editing (PSRE) was used to determine different \uffe2\uff80\uff98pools\uffe2\uff80\uff99 of soil organic C. Results obtained from the Craigieburn soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm) were more promising than those obtained from the Cave Stream soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) because the total Fe content was smaller, and indicated a shift towards more recalcitrant forms of organic C in soil under trees compared with grassland, which might reflect reduced inputs of fresh organic matter to the soil under trees.
", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. H. Newman, Leo M. Condron,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4940597.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4940597.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4940597.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.4940597.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00310.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Changes In Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Cations In Soil As A Result Of Fire And Water Erosion In A Mediterranean Landscape", "description": "SummaryFire affects large parts of the dry Mediterranean shrubland, resulting in erosion and losses of plant nutrients. We have attempted to measure these effects experimentally on a calcareous hillside representative of such shrubland. Experimental fires were made on plots (4\uffe2\uff80\uff83m \uffc3\uff97 20\uffe2\uff80\uff83m) in which the fuel was controlled to obtain two different fire intensities giving means of soil surface temperature of 439\uffc2\uffb0C and 232\uffc2\uffb0C with temperatures exceeding 100\uffc2\uffb0C lasting for 36\uffe2\uff80\uff83min and 17\uffe2\uff80\uff83min. The immediate and subsequent changes induced by fire on the soil's organic matter content and other soil chemical properties were evaluated, together with the impact of water erosion.
Seven erosive rain events, which occurred after the experimental fires (from August 1995 to December 1996), were selected, and on them runoff and sediment produced from each plot were measured. The sediments collected were weighed and analysed. Taking into account the variations induced by fire on the soil properties and their losses by water erosion, estimates of the net inputs and outputs of the soil system were made. Results show that the greatest losses of both soil and nutrients took place in the 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83months immediately after the fire. Plots affected by the most intense fire showed greater losses of soil (4077\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than those with moderate fire intensity (3280\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The unburned plots produced the least sediment (72.8\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Organic matter and nutrient losses by water erosion were related to the degree of fire intensity. However, the largest losses of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NH4+ and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93 by water erosion corresponded to the moderate fire (8.1 and 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, respectively).
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Parameters", "Infiltration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vegetation fires", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00310.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00310.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00310.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00310.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00002.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Partitioning Of Dry Mass And Leaf Area Within Plants Of Three Species Grown At Elevated Co2", "description": "1. We tested the hypothesis that the net partitioning of dry mass and dry mass:area relationships is unaltered when plants are grown at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
2. The total dry mass of Dactylis glomerata, Bellis perennis and Trifolium repens was higher for plants in 700 compared to 350 \uffce\uffbcmol CO2 mol\uffe2\uff80\uff931 when grown hydroponically in controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90environment cabinets.
3. Shoot:root ratios were higher and leaf area ratios and specific leaf areas lower in all species grown at elevated CO2. Leaf mass ratio was higher in plants of B. perennis and D. glomerata grown at elevated CO2.
4. Whilst these data suggest that CO2 alters the net partitioning of dry mass and dry mass:leaf area relationships, allometric comparisons of the components of dry mass and leaf area suggest at most a small effect of CO2. CO2 changed only two of a total of 12 allometric coefficients we calculated for the three species: \uffce\uffbd relating shoot to root dry mass was higher in D. glomerata, whilst \uffce\uffbd relating leaf area to total dry mass was lower in T. repens.
5. CO2 alone has very little effect on partitioning when the size of the plant is taken into account.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. J. Bailey, J. F. Farrar, S. Gunn,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00002.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00002.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00002.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00002.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00499.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-08-27", "title": "Modelling Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics In A Bare Soil With And Without Straw Incorporation", "description": "SummaryIncorporating straw into the ploughed layer of soil affects the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen. A precise quantification of its short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effect in agricultural fields is difficult because biological and physical processes interact and take place simultaneously. As an alternative to experimentation, investigations have turned to simulations using mechanistic models, and we have taken this approach. The goal of our study was to test a mechanistic and one\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional model of transport and biotransformation (PASTIS) against a data set obtained in a field experiment in northern France. We tested carbon and nitrogen dynamics by measuring C mineralization rates, the rates of gross immobilization and mineralization of N (using 15N tracing), and inorganic pools of N in the soil profile during 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83year in a bare soil with or without addition of wheat straw. Most of the model parameters were determined in independent experiments. We estimated the biological parameters from incubation experiments in the laboratory. The simulated results were in good agreement with experimental data, particularly for gross N rates. Hypotheses concerning the pathway of microbial assimilation and the dependence of decomposition on the size of the biomass were tested. The simulated net N immobilization due to addition of straw (8000\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg dry matter ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) reached a maximum of 64\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 after 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83months, whereas the observed value was 66\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The model indicated that after 13\uffe2\uff80\uff83months the incorporation of straw had reduced the net amount of nitrogen mineralized by 13% and the amount of leached nitrate by 27%. The sensitivity analysis to the depth of straw incorporation indicated that the deeper was the incorporation the less was the leaching and the mineralization of nitrogen.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00499.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00499.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00499.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00499.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00412.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Forest Soils: Effects Of Soil Type, Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment, And N Deposition", "description": "SummarySoil contains the major part of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but the response of this carbon to enriching the atmosphere in CO2 and to increased N deposition is not completely understood. We studied the effects of CO2 concentrations at 370 and 570\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcmol CO2 mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 air and increased N deposition (7 against 0.7\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on the dynamics of soil organic C in two types of forest soil in model ecosystems with spruce and beech established in large open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers containing an acidic loam and a calcareous sand. The added CO2 was depleted in 13C and thus the net input of new C into soil organic carbon and the mineralization of native C could be quantified.
Soil type was the greatest determining factor in carbon dynamics. After 4\uffe2\uff80\uff83years, the net input of new C in the acidic loam (670\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8330\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) exceeded that in the calcareous sand (340\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8340\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) although the soil produced less biomass. The mineralization of native organic C accounted for 700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8390\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the acidic loam and for 2800\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff83170\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the calcareous sand. Unfavourable conditions for mineralization and a greater physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical protection of C by clay and oxides in the acidic loam are probably the main reasons for these differences. The organic C content of the acidic loam was 230\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 more under the large than under the small N treatment. As suggested by a negligible impact of N inputs on the fraction of new C in the acidic loam, this increase resulted mainly from a suppressed mineralization of native C. In the calcareous sand, N deposition did not influence C concentrations. The impacts of CO2 enrichment on C concentrations were small. In the uppermost 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm of the acidic loam, larger CO2 concentrations increased C contents by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff93170\uffe2\uff80\uff83g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922. Below 10\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth in the acidic loam and at all soil depths in the calcareous sand, CO2 concentrations had no significant impact on soil C concentrations. Up to 40% of the \uffe2\uff80\uff98new\uffe2\uff80\uff99 carbon of the acidic loam was found in the coarse sand fraction, which accounted for only 7% of the total soil volume. This suggests that a large part of the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived \uffe2\uff80\uff98new\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C was incorporated into the labile and easily mineralizable pool in the soil.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00412.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00412.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00412.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00412.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-05-19", "title": "Organic Carbon Dynamics In Soil Particle-Size Separates Of Sandy Spodosols When Forest Is Cleared For Maize Cropping", "description": "SummaryIn southwest France, much of the forest lands on sandy Spodosols has been converted to continuous maize cropping in the last few decades. To evaluate the impacts of such change on the content and properties of the soil organic matter, we compared the amount of organic carbon and 13C natural abundance in soil and particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size separates at three locations, selected on the basis of different contents of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm particles (clay\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83silt). After three decades of cultivation, the amount of carbon from the forest pools (Cf) decreased by about 60%, attributable mainly to easily degradable material in sand\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized fractions (\uffe2\uff88\uff9270%). However, a recalcitrant residue remained in soil at a constant proportion, showing that organic matter in these fractions is heterogeneous. Organic matter in the clay\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83silt fraction was relatively resistant, decreasing by only 20% after 30\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of cultivation. Intensive agricultural management has homogenized the characteristics of the soil and the mineralization of the organic matter, which has resulted in a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term convergence of organic carbon from the three locations. However, small natural variations in fine particle content were associated with significant differences in the accumulation of carbon in soil. The protective capacity of the soil depended on the proportion of clay\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff83silt fraction, which stabilized the organic matter. Furthermore, the degree of saturation of this fraction with original carbon from forest and its rate of decomposition determined the soil's capacity to accumulate newly added carbon derived from maize.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "540", "FRACTION GRANULOMETRIE", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jolivet, C., Arrouays, Dominique, Leveque, J., Andreux, F., Chenu, C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Plant Species And Nitrogen Effects On Soil Biological Properties Of Temperate Upland Grasslands", "description": "1. The aim was to assess the extent to which the microbial biomass and activity, and community structure of fertilized upland grasslands are directly related to changes in soil N availability or indirectly related to individual plant species effects caused by changes in plant species composition and dominance. We investigated the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term interactive effects of dominant plant species (Lolium perenne, Agrostis capillaris, Holcus lanatus and Festuca rubra) and nitrogen (N) amendment using an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited upland grassland soil.
2. In soils planted with different grass species, soil microbial biomass, and to some extent microbial activity, were determined by temporal changes in plant productivity. Variations in the way that individual plants influenced soil microbial biomass and activity were highly inconsistent over time, and largely independent of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90additions and differences in plant productivity. At the final sample date, those grass species which co\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominate the total plant biomass of intermediate fertility (H. lanatus) and semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90improved grasslands (A. capillaris and F. rubra) had a beneficial effect on the soil microbial biomass. In contrast, the dominant plant species of improved grasslands, L. perenne, had zero or a negative effect on soil microbial biomass. Two plant species (A. capillaris and H. lanatus) increased the proportion of fungi relative to bacteria in the soil microbial community, relative to the unplanted control soil and the other plant species. Lolium perenne and A. capillaris reduced the evenness of microbial PLFAs, suggesting negative effects of these plant species on the diversity of the soil microbial community.
3. The addition of N had no consistent effect on measures of soil microbial biomass or activity, but significantly altered the structure of the microbial community in favour of fungi. The lack of effects of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90addition on microbial biomass and activity were despite the finding that nitrogen addition reduced root biomass in all plant species and increased rhizosphere acidity.
4. The results suggest that in the short term, the abundance and activity of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms in upland grasslands are regulated more by plant species traits than by a direct effect of nitrogen. These effects are likely to be related to variations amongst plant species in root exudation patterns and/or efficiency of nutrient aquisition.
5. Our study provides evidence that the functional characteristics of dominant plant species are important determinants of soil biological properties, and hence ecosystem functioning in temperate upland grasslands.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Microcosm", "Nitrogen", "Soil microbial biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "microcosm", "Upland", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "upland", "Grasslands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00362.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00107.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Using Stable Isotopes To Determine Soil Carbon Input Differences Under Ambient And Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Conditions", "description": "Quantitative estimates of soil C input under ambient (35 Pa) and elevated (60 Pa) CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90partial pressure (pCO2) were determined in a Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment. To facilitate 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90tracing, Trifolium repens L. was grown in a soil with an initial \uffce\uffb413C distinct by at least 5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 from the \uffce\uffb413C of T. repens grown under ambient or elevated pCO2. A shift in \uffce\uffb413C of the soil organic C was detected after one growing season. Calculated new soil C inputs in soil under ambient and elevated pCO2 were 2 and 3 t ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, respectively. Our findings suggest that under elevated CO2 conditions, soil C sequestration may be altered by changes in plant biomass production and quality.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andreas L\u00fcscher, Ueli A. Hartwig, Jennifer Nitschelm, Chris van Kessel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00107.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00107.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00107.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00107.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00073.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Growth Response Of Trifolium Repens L. And Lolium Perenne L. As Monocultures And Bi-Species Mixture To Free Air Co2 Enrichment And Management", "description": "Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L. were grown in monocultures and bi\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixture in a Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment at elevated (60 Pa) and ambient (35 Pa) CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) for three years. The effects of defoliation frequencies (4 and 7 cuts in 1993; 4 and 8 cuts in 1994/95) and nitrogen fertilization (10 and 42 g m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 y\uffe2\uff80\uff931 N in 1993; 14 and 56 g m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 y\uffe2\uff80\uff931 N in 1994/95) on the growth response to pCO2 were investigated.
There were significant interspecific differences in the CO2 responses during the first two years, while in the third growing season, these interspecific differences disappeared. Yield of T. repens in monocultures increased in the first two years by 20% when grown at elevated pCO2. This CO2 response was independent of defoliation frequency and nitrogen fertilization. In the third year, the CO2 response of T. repens declined to 11%. In contrast, yield of L. perenne monocultures increased by only 7% on average over three years at elevated pCO2. The yield response of L. perenne to CO2 changed according to defoliation frequency and nitrogen fertilization, mainly in the second and third year. The ratio of root/yield of L. perenne increased under elevated pCO2, low N fertilizer rate, and frequent defoliation, but it remained unchanged in T. repens. We suggest that the more abundant root growth of L. perenne was related to increased N limitation under elevated pCO2.
The consequence of these interspecific differences in the CO2 response was a higher proportion of T. repens in the mixed swards at elevated pCO2. This was evident in all combinations of defoliation and nitrogen treatments. However, the proportion of the species was more strongly affected by N fertilization and defoliation frequency than by elevated pCO2. Based on these results, we conclude that the species proportion in managed grassland may change as the CO2 concentration increases. However, an adapted management could, at least partially, counteract such CO2 induced changes in the proportion of the species. Since the availability of mineral N in the soil may be important for the species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 responses to elevated pCO2, more long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies, particularly of processes in the soil, are required to predict the entire ecosystem response.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Marco Frehner, Thomas Hebeisen, Bernt U. Fischer, Silvia Zanetti, George R. Hendrey, Andreas L\u00fcscher, Ueli A. Hartwig, Josef N\u00f6sberger, Herbert Blum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00073.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00073.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00073.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00073.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-02", "title": "Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Affects Decomposition Of Festuca Vivipara (L) Sm Litter And Roots In Experiments Simulating Environmental Change In Two Contrasting Arctic Ecosystems", "description": "Mass loss, together with nitrogen and carbon loss, from above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material and roots of Festuca vivipara were followed for 13 months in a high Arctic polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert and a low Arctic tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90line dwarf shrub heath. Festuca vivipara for the study was obtained from plants cultivated at two different CO2 concentrations (350 and 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931) in controlled environment chambers in the UK. Each of the four resource types (shoots or roots from plants grown in elevated or ambient CO2 concentrations) was subsequently placed in an experiment simulating aspects of environmental change in each Arctic ecosystem. Air, litter and soil temperatures were increased using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped polythene tents at both sites, and a 58% increase in summer precipitation was simulated at the high Arctic site.
Mass loss was greatest at the low Arctic site, and from the shoot material, rather than the roots. Shoots grown under an elevated CO2 concentration decomposed more slowly at the high Arctic site, and more quickly at the low Arctic one, than shoots grown at ambient CO2. After 13 months, greater amounts of C and N remained in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground litter from plants grown under elevated, rather than ambient, CO2 at the polar semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90desert site, although lower amounts of C remained in elevated CO2 litter at the low Arctic ecosystem. In the high Arctic, roots grown in the 500 \uffce\uffbcL L\uffe2\uff80\uff931 CO2 concentration decomposed significantly more slowly than below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material derived from the ambient CO2 chambers. Elevated CO2 concentrations significantly increased the inital C:N ratio, % soluble carbohydrates and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose content, and significantly decreased the inital N content, of the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material compared to that derived from the ambient treatment. Initially, the C:N ratio and percentage N were similar in both sets of roots derived from the two different CO2 treatments, but soluble carbohydrate and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellulose concentrations were higher, and percentage lignin lower, in the elevated CO2 treatments.The tent treatments significantly retarded shoot decomposition in both ecosystems, probably because of lower litter bag moisture contents, although the additional precipitation treatment had no effect on mass loss from the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground material. The results suggest that neither additional summer precipitation (up to 58%), nor soil temperature increase of 1 \uffc2\uffb0C, which may occur by the end of the next century as an effect of a predicted 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature, had an appreciable effect on root decomposition in the short term in a high Arctic soil. However, at the low Arctic site, greater root decomposition, and a lower pool of root N remaining, were observed where soil temperature was increased by 2 \uffc2\uffb0C in response to a 4 \uffc2\uffb0C rise in air temperature. These results suggest that decomposition below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground in this ecosystem would increase as an effect of predicted climate change. These data also show that there is a difference in the initial results of decomposition processes between the two Arctic ecosystems in response to simulated environmental change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Litter quality", "Nitrogen", "Grass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Arctic", "13. Climate action", "Soil temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.d01-133.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=fish&offset=4350&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=fish&offset=4350&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=fish&offset=4300", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=fish&offset=4400", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8178, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T03:38:12.799535Z"}