{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "2767588274", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-10", "title": "Disaggregation of SMOS Soil Moisture to 100 m Resolution Using MODIS Optical/Thermal and Sentinel-1 Radar Data: Evaluation over a Bare Soil Site in Morocco", "description": "

The 40 km resolution SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) soil moisture, previously disaggregated at a 1 km resolution using the DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) method based on MODIS optical/thermal data, is further disaggregated to 100 m resolution using Sentinel-1 backscattering coefficient (\u03c3\u00b0). For this purpose, three distinct radar-based disaggregation methods are tested by linking the spatio-temporal variability of \u03c3\u00b0 and soil moisture data at the 1 km and 100 m resolution. The three methods are: (1) the weight method, which estimates soil moisture at 100 m resolution at a certain time as a function of \u03c3\u00b0 ratio (100 m to 1 km resolution) and the 1 km DISPATCH products of the same time; (2) the regression method which estimates soil moisture as a function of \u03c3\u00b0 where the regression parameters (e.g., intercept and slope) vary in space and time; and (3) the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) method, which estimates 100 m resolution soil moisture from the cumulative probability of 100 m resolution backscatter and the maximum to minimum 1 km resolution (DISPATCH) soil moisture difference. In each case, disaggregation results are evaluated against in situ measurements collected between 1 January 2016 and 11 October 2016 over a bare soil site in central Morocco. The determination coefficient (R2) between 1 km resolution DISPATCH and localized in situ soil moisture is 0.31. The regression and CDF methods have marginal effect on improving the DISPATCH accuracy at the station scale with a R2 between remotely sensed and in situ soil moisture of 0.29 and 0.34, respectively. By contrast, the weight method significantly improves the correlation between remotely sensed and in situ soil moisture with a R2 of 0.52. Likewise, the soil moisture estimates show low root mean square difference with in situ measurements (RMSD= 0.032 m3 m\u22123).

", "keywords": ["soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS)", "Atmospheric Science", "Artificial intelligence", "Environmental Engineering", "550", "Science", "Soil Moisture", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Aerospace Engineering", "FOS: Mechanical engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Engineering", "Meteorology", "DISPATCH", "Image resolution", "Arctic Permafrost Dynamics and Climate Change", "14. Life underwater", "Moisture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Water content", "Radar", "Geography", "soil moisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS); DISPATCH; radar; Sentinel-1; disaggregation; soil moisture", "Soilmoisture and ocean salinity satellite (SMOS)", "Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry", "Q", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "Geology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Remote sensing", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Surface Deformation Monitoring", "Computer science", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "Groundwater Extraction", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "disaggregation", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Sentinel-1", "soil moisture", "radar"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1155/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2767588274"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2767588274", "name": "item", "description": "2767588274", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2767588274"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2580184031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-28", "title": "When is a terrace not a terrace? The importance of understanding landscape evolution in studies of terraced agriculture", "description": "Before the invention of modern, large-scale engineering projects, terrace systems were rarely built in single phases of construction, but instead developed gradually, and could even be said to have evolved. Understanding this process of landscape change is therefore important in order to fully appreciate how terrace systems were built and functioned, and is also pivotal to understanding how the communities that farmed these systems responded to changes; whether these are changes to the landscape brought about by the farming practices themselves, or changes to social, economic or climatic conditions. Combining archaeological stratigraphy, soil micromorphology and geochemistry, this paper presents a case-study from the historic and extensive terraced landscape at Konso, southwest Ethiopia, and demonstrates - in one important river valley at least - that the original topsoil and much of the subsoil was lost prior to the construction of hillside terraces. Moreover, the study shows that alluvial sediment traps that were built adjacent to rivers relied on widespread hillside soil erosion for their construction, and strongly suggests that these irrigated riverside fields were formerly a higher economic priority than the hillside terraces themselves; a possibility that was not recognised by numerous observational studies of farming in this landscape. Research that takes into account how terrace systems change through time can thus provide important details of whether the function of the system has changed, and can help assess how the legacies of former practices impact current or future cultivation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "2311", "Rivers", "2305", "Agriculture", "0601 history and archaeology", "Ethiopia", "06 humanities and the arts", "2308", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112206/1/Ferro_Vazquez_et_al_JEMA_2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2580184031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2580184031", "name": "item", "description": "2580184031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2580184031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2959767341", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-15", "title": "Spontaneous Emission and Resonant Scattering in Transition from Type I to Type II Photonic Weyl Systems", "description": "Spontaneous emission and scattering behavior of an emitter or a resonant scatterer strongly depend on the density of states of the surrounding medium. It has been shown that the resonant scattering cross section (RSC) may diverge at the Weyl frequency of a type I Weyl system due to the diminishing density of states. Here we study the spontaneous emission (SE) and RSC in a photonic metacrystal across the critical transition between type I and type IIWeyl systems. Theoretical results show that the SE rate of an emitter in a type I Weyl system diminishes to zero at the Weyl frequency. When the system is tuned towards the transition point between type I and type II Weyl point, the dip in the SE spectrum at the Weyl frequency becomes infinitely sharp. The dip vanishes at the critical transition, and transforms into a peak when the system changes into a type II Weyl system. We further show that the resonant scattering cross section also exhibits dramatically different spectral features across the transition. Our study demonstrates the ability to tune SE and RSC through altering the dispersion of the Weyl medium between type I and type II, which provides a fundamentally new route in manipulating light-matter interactions.", "keywords": ["0103 physical sciences", "metamaterials; topological", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2959767341"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2959767341", "name": "item", "description": "2959767341", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2959767341"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "25b0cba6675cf319d0514676aa301e32", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:07Z", "type": "Report", "title": "From contributory to collegial: A model to foster citizen-led open data innovation in Citizens\u2019 Observatories", "keywords": ["0508 media and communications", "0502 economics and business", "05 social sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ajates, Raquel, Woods, Mel, Gulari, Nil, Hemment, Drew, Georgiadis, Pavlos, Hager, Gerid, van der Velden, Naomi, Verrall, Susan, Burton, Victoria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16725/1/ECSA_2020_poster_Ajates_et_al..pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16725/1/ECSA_2020_poster_Ajates_et_al..pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/25b0cba6675cf319d0514676aa301e32"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "25b0cba6675cf319d0514676aa301e32", "name": "item", "description": "25b0cba6675cf319d0514676aa301e32", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/25b0cba6675cf319d0514676aa301e32"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2606201786", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-17", "title": "3D soil hydraulic database of Europe at 250\u00a0m resolution", "description": "Abstract

Soil hydraulic properties are required in various modelling schemes. We propose a consistent spatial soil hydraulic database at 7 soil depths up to 2\uffc2\uffa0m calculated for Europe based on SoilGrids250m and 1\uffc2\uffa0km datasets and pedotransfer functions trained on the European Hydropedological Data Inventory. Saturated water content, water content at field capacity and wilting point, saturated hydraulic conductivity and Mualem\uffe2\uff80\uff90van Genuchten parameters for the description of the moisture retention, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves have been predicted. The derived 3D soil hydraulic layers (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90SoilHydroGrids ver1.0) can be used for environmental modelling purposes at catchment or continental scale in Europe. Currently, only EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90SoilHydroGrids provides information on the most frequently required soil hydraulic properties with full European coverage up to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth at 250\uffc2\uffa0m resolution.Farmers have access to many data\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensive technologies to help them monitor and control weeds and pests. Data collection, data modelling and analysis, and data sharing have become core challenges in weed control and crop protection. We review the challenges and opportunities of Big Data in agriculture: the nature of data collected, Big Data analytics and tools to present the analyses that allow improved crop management decisions for weed control and crop protection. Big Data storage and querying incurs significant challenges, due to the need to distribute data across several machines, as well as due to constantly growing and evolving data from different sources. Semantic technologies are helpful when data from several sources are combined, which involves the challenge of detecting interactions of potential agronomic importance and establishing relationships between data items in terms of meanings and units. Data ownership is analysed using the ethical matrix method to identify the concerns of farmers, agribusiness owners, consumers and the environment. Big Data analytics models are outlined, together with numerical algorithms for training them. Advances and tools to present processed Big Data in the form of actionable information to farmers are reviewed, and a success story from the Netherlands is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that the potential utility of Big Data for weed control is large, especially for invasive, parasitic and herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant weeds. This potential can only be realised when agricultural scientists collaborate with data scientists and when organisational, ethical and legal arrangements of data sharing are established.Dispersal is a critical factor determining the spatial scale of speciation, which is constrained by the ecological characteristics and distribution of a species\uffe2\uff80\uff99 habitat and the intrinsic traits of species. Endogean taxa are strongly affected by the unique qualities of the below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground environment and its effect on dispersal, and contrasting reports indicate either high dispersal capabilities favoured by small body size and mediated by passive mechanisms, or low dispersal due to restricted movement and confinement inside the soil. We studied a species\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich endogean ground beetle lineage, Typhlocharina, including three genera and more than 60 species, as a model for the evolutionary biology of dispersal and speciation in the deep soil. A time\uffe2\uff80\uff90calibrated molecular phylogeny generated from >400 individuals was used to delimit candidate species, to study the accumulation of lineages through space and time by species\uffe2\uff80\uff93area\uffe2\uff80\uff93age relationships and to determine the geographical structure of the diversification using the relationship between phylogenetic and geographic distances across the phylogeny. Our results indicated a small spatial scale of speciation in Typhlocharina and low dispersal capacity combined with sporadic long distance, presumably passive dispersal events that fuelled the speciation process. Analysis of lineage growth within Typhlocharina revealed a richness plateau correlated with the range of distribution of lineages, suggesting a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term species richness equilibrium mediated by density dependence through limits of habitat availability. The interplay of area\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and age\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent processes ruling the lineage diversification in Typhlocharina may serve as a general model for the evolution of high species diversity in endogean mesofauna.Investigating active participants in the fixation of dinitrogen gas is vital as N is often a limiting factor for primary production. Biological nitrogen fixation is performed by a diverse guild of bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs), which can be free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living or symbionts. Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs are widely distributed in the environment, yet our knowledge about their identity and ecophysiology is still limited. A major challenge in investigating this guild is inferring activity from genetic data as this process is highly regulated. To address this challenge, we evaluated and improved several 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90based methods for detecting N2 fixation activity (with a focus on soil samples) and studying active diazotrophs. We compared the acetylene reduction assay and the 15N2 tracer method and demonstrated that the latter is more sensitive in samples with low activity. Additionally, tracing 15N into microbial RNA provides much higher sensitivity compared to bulk soil analysis. Active soil diazotrophs were identified with a 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90RNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP approach optimized for environmental samples and benchmarked to 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP. Lastly, we investigated the feasibility of using SIP\uffe2\uff80\uff90Raman microspectroscopy for detecting 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled cells. Taken together, these tools allow identifying and investigating active free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs in a highly sensitive manner in diverse environments, from bulk to the single\uffe2\uff80\uff90cell level. Soil bacteria play key roles in regulating terrestrial carbon dynamics, nutrient cycles, and plant productivity. However, the natural histories and distributions of these organisms remain largely undocumented. Delgado-Baquerizo et al. provide a survey of the dominant bacterial taxa found around the world. In soil collections from six continents, they found that only 2% of bacterial taxa account for nearly half of the soil bacterial communities across the globe. These dominant taxa could be clustered into ecological groups of co-occurring bacteria that share habitat preferences. The findings will allow for a more predictive understanding of soil bacterial diversity and distribution.

Science , this issue p. 320

In this paper, we present a Fano metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure based on an isosceles triangular cavity resonator for refractive index sensing applications. Due to the specific feeding scheme and asymmetry introduced in the triangular cavity, the resonator exhibits four sharp Fano-like resonances. The behavior of the structure is analyzed in detail and its sensing capabilities demonstrated through the responses for various refractive indices. The results show that the sensor has very good sensitivity and maximal figure of merit (FOM) value of 3.2 \u00d7 105. In comparison to other similar sensors, the proposed one has comparable sensitivity and significantly higher FOM, which clearly demonstrates its high sensing potential.

", "keywords": ["Plasmonic sensor", "metal-insulator-metal", "Metal-insulator-metal", "triangular cavity", "Chemical technology", "0103 physical sciences", "Fano resonance; metal-insulator-metal; plasmonic sensor; triangular cavity", "Fano resonance", "TP1-1185", "Triangular cavity", "plasmonic sensor", "01 natural sciences", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/287/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2794079422"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2794079422", "name": "item", "description": "2794079422", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2794079422"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "28139267", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-28", "title": "When is a terrace not a terrace? The importance of understanding landscape evolution in studies of terraced agriculture", "description": "Before the invention of modern, large-scale engineering projects, terrace systems were rarely built in single phases of construction, but instead developed gradually, and could even be said to have evolved. Understanding this process of landscape change is therefore important in order to fully appreciate how terrace systems were built and functioned, and is also pivotal to understanding how the communities that farmed these systems responded to changes; whether these are changes to the landscape brought about by the farming practices themselves, or changes to social, economic or climatic conditions. Combining archaeological stratigraphy, soil micromorphology and geochemistry, this paper presents a case-study from the historic and extensive terraced landscape at Konso, southwest Ethiopia, and demonstrates - in one important river valley at least - that the original topsoil and much of the subsoil was lost prior to the construction of hillside terraces. Moreover, the study shows that alluvial sediment traps that were built adjacent to rivers relied on widespread hillside soil erosion for their construction, and strongly suggests that these irrigated riverside fields were formerly a higher economic priority than the hillside terraces themselves; a possibility that was not recognised by numerous observational studies of farming in this landscape. Research that takes into account how terrace systems change through time can thus provide important details of whether the function of the system has changed, and can help assess how the legacies of former practices impact current or future cultivation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "2311", "2305", "Agriculture", "06 humanities and the arts", "15. Life on land", "Landscape evolution", "01 natural sciences", "Terraces", "Soil", "Archaeology", "Rivers", "Land management", "0601 history and archaeology", "Ethiopia", "2308", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112206/1/Ferro_Vazquez_et_al_JEMA_2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/28139267"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "28139267", "name": "item", "description": "28139267", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/28139267"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2795736439", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical and chemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2795736439"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2795736439", "name": "item", "description": "2795736439", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2795736439"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2794985276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-02", "title": "Biocrust\u2010forming mosses mitigate the impact of aridity on soil microbial communities in drylands: observational evidence from three continents", "description": "Summary

Recent research indicates that increased aridity linked to climate change will reduce the diversity of soil microbial communities and shift their community composition in drylands, Earth's largest biome. However, we lack both a theoretical framework and solid empirical evidence of how important biotic components from drylands, such as biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses, will regulate the responses of microbial communities to expected increases in aridity with climate change.

Here we report results from a cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90continental (North America, Europe and Australia) survey of 39 locations from arid to humid ecosystems, where we evaluated how biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses regulate the relationship between aridity and the community composition and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in dryland ecosystems.

Increasing aridity was negatively related to the richness of fungi, and either positively or negatively related to the relative abundance of selected microbial phyla, when biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses were absent. Conversely, we found an overall lack of relationship between aridity and the relative abundance and richness of microbial communities under biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses.

Our results suggest that biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses mitigate the impact of aridity on the community composition of globally distributed microbial taxa, and the diversity of fungi. They emphasize the importance of maintaining biocrusts as a sanctuary for soil microbes in drylands.

Abstract. Soil moisture measurements are needed in a large number of applications such as climate change, watershed water balance and irrigation management. One of the main characteristics of this property is that soil moisture is highly variable with both space and time, hindering the estimation of a representative value. Deciding how to measure soil moisture before undertaking any type of study is therefore an important issue that needs to be addressed correctly. Nowadays, different kinds of methodologies exist for measuring soil moisture; Remote Sensing, soil moisture sensors or gravimetric measurements. This work is focused on how to measure soil moisture for irrigation scheduling, where soil moisture sensors are the main methodology for monitoring soil moisture. One of its disadvantages, however, is that soil moisture sensors measure a small volume of soil, and do not take into account the existing variability in the field. In contrast, Remote Sensing techniques are able to estimate soil moisture with a low spatial resolution, and thus it is not possible to apply these estimations to agricultural applications. In order to solve this problem, different kinds of algorithms have been developed for downscaling these estimations from low to high resolution. The DISPATCH algorithm downscales soil moisture estimations from 40\u2009km to 1\u2009km resolution using SMOS satellite soil moisture, NDVI and LST from MODIS sensor estimations. In this work, DISPATCH estimations are compared with soil moisture sensors and gravimetric measurements to validate the DISPATCH algorithm in two different hydrologic scenarios; (1) when wet conditions are maintained around the field for rainfall events, and (2) when it is local irrigation that maintains wet conditions. Results show that the DISPATCH algorithm is sensitive when soil moisture is homogenized during general rainfall events, but not when local irrigation generates occasional heterogeneity. In order to explain these different behaviours, we have examined the spatial variability scales of NDVI and LST data, which are the variables involved in the downscaling process provided by the MODIS sensor. Sample variograms show that the spatial scales associated with the NDVI and LST properties are too large to represent the variations of the average water content at the site, and this could be a reason for why the DISPATCH algorithm is unable to detect soil moisture increments caused by local irrigation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", ":Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "T", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "S\u00f2ls -- Humitat -- Mesurament", "G", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "GE1-350", "Soil moisture--Measurement--Remote sensing", "TD1-1066", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, M. Fontanet, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, D. Fern\u00e0ndez-Garcia, F. Ferrer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/22/5889/2018/hess-22-5889-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2795809170"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2795809170", "name": "item", "description": "2795809170", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2795809170"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2800958677", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-05", "title": "The biogeochemical consequences of litter transformation by insect herbivory in the Subarctic: a microcosm simulation experiment", "description": "Warming may increase the extent and intensity of insect defoliations within Arctic ecosystems. A thorough understanding of the implications of this for litter decomposition is essential to make predictions of soil-atmosphere carbon (C) feedbacks. Soil nitrogen (N) and C cycles naturally are interlinked, but we lack a detailed understanding of how insect herbivores impact these cycles. In a laboratory microcosm study, we investigated the growth responses of heterotrophic soil fungi and bacteria as well as C and N mineralisation to simulated defoliator outbreaks (frass addition), long-term increased insect herbivory (litter addition at higher background N-level) and non-outbreak conditions (litter addition only) in soils from a Subarctic birch forest. Larger amounts of the added organic matter were mineralised in the outbreak simulations compared to a normal year; yet, the fungal and bacterial growth rates and biomass were not significantly different. In the simulation of long-term increased herbivory, less litter C was respired per unit mineralised N (C:N of mineralisation decreased to 20\u2009\u00b1\u20091 from 38\u2009\u00b1\u20093 for pure litter), which suggests a directed microbial mining for N-rich substrates. This was accompanied by higher fungal dominance relative to bacteria and lower total microbial biomass. In conclusion, while a higher fraction of foliar C will be respired by insects and microbes during outbreak years, predicted long-term increases in herbivory linked to climate change may facilitate soil C-accumulation, as less foliar C is respired per unit mineralised N. Further work elucidating animal-plant-soil interactions is needed to improve model predictions of C-sink capacity in high latitude forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "herbivory", "Subarctic birch forest", "nitrogen mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial ecology", "01 natural sciences", "biogeochemistry", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2800958677"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2800958677", "name": "item", "description": "2800958677", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2800958677"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2801205749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-25", "title": "Correlative Visualization of Root Mucilage Degradation Using X-ray CT and MRI", "description": "Root exudates are a crucial component of the rhizosphere. Often, they take a form of a gel exuded by the plant roots and are thought to influence the soil aggregation, root penetration into soil, soil nutrient availability, immobilization of toxic cations, and microbial activity amongst other things. In addition, the capacity of exudates to store water makes the plants potentially less susceptive to drought. Major components of root exudates are high molecular weight organic compounds consisting of predominantly polysaccharides and proteins, which makes it challenging to visualize using current rhizosphere visualization techniques, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT). In this contribution, we use correlative X-ray CT (resolution ~20 \u03bcm) in combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI, resolution ~120 \u03bcm) to set up groundwork to enable in situ visualization of mucilage in soil. This multimodal approach is necessary because mucilage density closely matches that of water. We use chia seeds as mucilage analog, because it has been found to have a similar consistency to root mucilage. Moreover, to understand mucilage development in time, a series of samples made by chia seeds placed in different porous media were prepared. Structurally and chemically, mucilage breaks down toward a water-like substance over a course of 2 weeks. Depending on its relative concentration, these changes were found to be less dominant when seeds were mixed in porous media. Having set up the groundwork for correlative imaging of chia seeds in water and an artificial soil (Nafion and sand/beads) this enables us to expand this imaging to deal with plant root exudates under natural conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "X-ray CT", "chia", "polysaccharides", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "root-exudate", "Environmental sciences", "1H-MRI", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "mucilage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421014/1/NMRI_imaging_chia_review_final_2_TR_01_05_2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421014/2/fenvs_06_00032.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2801205749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2801205749", "name": "item", "description": "2801205749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2801205749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2890570129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-19", "title": "Environmental drivers of the geographical distribution of methanotrophs: Insights from a national survey", "description": "Closed AccessM.D-B. acknowledges support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 under REA grant agreement n\u00b0 702057. The B.K.S. team was supported by Australian Research Council grants (DP 170104634).", "keywords": ["PmoA", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Spatial modelling", "spatial ecology", "niche (ecology)", "15. Life on land", "333", "03 medical and health sciences", "methanotrophs", "Methanotrophs", "Mapping", "Biogeography", "Niche partitioning", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "11. Sustainability", "mapping", "biogeography"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2890570129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2890570129", "name": "item", "description": "2890570129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2890570129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2806329624", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-06", "title": "Quality of terrestrial data derived from UAV photogrammetry: a case study of Hetao irrigation district in northern China", "description": "Most crops in northern China are irrigated, but the topography affects the water use, soil erosion, runoff and yields. Technologies for collecting high-resolution topographic data are essential for adequately assessing these effects. Ground surveys and techniques of light detection and ranging have good accuracy, but data acquisition can be time-consuming and expensive for large catchments. Recent rapid technological development has provided new, flexible, high-resolution methods for collecting topographic data, such as photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The accuracy of UAV photogrammetry for generating high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and for determining the width of irrigation channels, however, has not been assessed. A fixed-wing UAV was used for collecting high-resolution (0.15 m) topographic data for the Hetao irrigation district, the third largest irrigation district in China. 112 ground checkpoints (GCPs) were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system to evaluate the accuracy of the DEMs and channel widths. A comparison of manually measured channel widths with the widths derived from the DEMs indicated that the DEM-derived widths had vertical and horizontal root mean square errors of 13.0 and 7.9 cm, respectively. UAV photogrammetric data can thus be used for land surveying, digital mapping, calculating channel capacity, monitoring crops, and predicting yields, with the advantages of economy, speed and ease. Keywords: UAVs, GIS, DEM, irrigation area, photogrammetry, accuracy evaluation DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181103.3012 Citation: Zhang H M, Yang J T, Baartman J E M, Li S Q, Jin B, Han W T. Quality of terrestrial data derived from UAV photogrammetry: A case study of Hetao irrigation district in northern China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(3): 171\u2013177.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Photogrammetry", "Accuracy evaluation", "0502 economics and business", "05 social sciences", "DEM", "UAVs", "15. Life on land", "GIS", "Irrigation area", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ijabe.org/index.php/ijabe/article/download/3012/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2806329624"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Biological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2806329624", "name": "item", "description": "2806329624", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2806329624"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2808068377", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-15", "title": "Out of Shape During Stress: A Key Role for Auxin", "description": "In most abiotic stress conditions, including salinity and water deficit, the developmental plasticity of the plant root is regulated by the phytohormone auxin. Changes in auxin concentration are often attributed to changes in shoot-derived long-distance auxin flow. However, recent evidence suggests important contributions by short-distance auxin transport from local storage and local auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and oxidation during abiotic stress. We discuss here current knowledge on long-distance auxin transport in stress responses, and subsequently debate how short-distance auxin transport and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolism play a role in influencing eventual auxin accumulation and signaling patterns. Our analysis stresses the importance of considering all these components together and highlights the use of mathematical modeling for predictions of plant physiological responses.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "abiotic stress", "Indoleacetic Acids", "auxin transport", "mathematical modeling", "Biological Transport", "IAA homeostasis", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "Plant Roots", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "root phenotypic plasticity", "Stress", " Physiological", "auxin", "Plant Physiological Phenomena", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2808068377"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trends%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2808068377", "name": "item", "description": "2808068377", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2808068377"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2811220652", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Influence of microplastic addition on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil", "description": "The intensive use of pesticide and plastic mulches has considerably enhanced crop growth and yield. Pesticide residues and plastic debris, however, have caused serious environmental problems. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used herbicide glyphosate and micrometre-sized plastic debris, referred as microplastics, on glyphosate decay and soil microbial activities in Chinese loess soil by a microcosm experiment over 30 days incubation. Results showed that glyphosate decay was gradual and followed a single first-order decay kinetics model. In different treatments (with/without microplastic addition), glyphosate showed similar half-lives (32.8 days). The soil content of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the main metabolite of glyphosate, steadily increased without reaching plateau and declining phases throughout the experiment. Soil microbial respiration significantly changed throughout the entirety of the experiment, particularly in the treatments with higher microplastic addition. The dynamics of soil \u03b2-glucosidase, urease and phosphatase varied, especially in the treatments with high microplastic addition. Particles that were considerably smaller than the initially added microplastic particles were observed after 30 days incubation. This result thus implied that microplastic would hardly affect glyphosate decay but smaller plastic particles accumulated in soils which potentially threaten soil quality would be further concerned especially in the regions with intensive plastic mulching application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glyphosate", "Herbicides", "Microplastic", "Glycine", "Pesticide Residues", "Tetrazoles", "Isoxazoles", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Soil", "Pesticide decay", "Models", " Chemical", "Soil Pollutants", "Plastics", "Soil microbial activities", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2811220652"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2811220652", "name": "item", "description": "2811220652", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2811220652"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2815712844", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-28", "title": "Willis Metamaterial on a Structured Beam", "description": "Open Access21 pages, 3 figures", "keywords": ["[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]", "[PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]", "Physics", "QC1-999", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Acoustics", "Physics - Applied Physics", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "530", "01 natural sciences", "Metamaterials", "0103 physical sciences", "[PHYS.PHYS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2815712844"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20X", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2815712844", "name": "item", "description": "2815712844", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2815712844"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2883351266", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-16", "title": "Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic", "description": "Effective societal responses to rapid climate change in the Arctic rely on an accurate representation of region-specific ecosystem properties and processes. However, this is limited by the scarcity and patchy distribution of field measurements. Here, we use a comprehensive, geo-referenced database of primary field measurements in 1,840 published studies across the Arctic to identify statistically significant spatial biases in field sampling and study citation across this globally important region. We find that 31% of all study citations are derived from sites located within 50\u2009km of just two research sites: Toolik Lake in the USA and Abisko in Sweden. Furthermore, relatively colder, more rapidly warming and sparsely vegetated sites are under-sampled and under-recognized in terms of citations, particularly among microbiology-related studies. The poorly sampled and cited areas, mainly in the Canadian high-Arctic archipelago and the Arctic coastline of Russia, constitute a large fraction of the Arctic ice-free land area. Our results suggest that the current pattern of sampling and citation may bias the scientific consensuses that underpin attempts to accurately predict and effectively mitigate climate change in the region. Further work is required to increase both the quality and quantity of sampling, and incorporate existing literature from poorly cited areas to generate a more representative picture of Arctic climate change and its environmental impacts.", "keywords": ["Spatial Analysis", "Arctic Regions", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Selection Bias", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0612-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2883351266"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2883351266", "name": "item", "description": "2883351266", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2883351266"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "28107603", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-20", "title": "Desmopressin (Octostim\u00ae) before a native kidney biopsy can reduce the risk for biopsy complications in patients with impaired renal function: A pilot study", "description": "AbstractAim

To evaluate whether the administration of desmopressin alters the risk for renal biopsy complications.

Methods

A multicenter registry containing 576 native kidney biopsies (NKb) with a serum creatinine above 150\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol/L in 527 patients (372 men and 155 women, median age 61\uffc2\uffa0years) was used. Most of the data were prospective. At one of the hospitals all biopsies with creatinine above 150\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol/L received desmopressin before biopsies (NKb 204). These were compared to outcome of biopsy complications against other centres where desmopressin was not given (NKb 372). Fisher's exact test, \uffcf\uff872 analyses, univariate and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Data were given as odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). A two sided P\uffe2\uff80\uff90value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

In NKb with creatinine >150\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol/L, those with desmopressin had less overall (3.4% vs 8.4%, OR 0.39, CI 0.17\uffe2\uff80\uff930.90) whereas major or minor complications were not different. While desmopressin did not exhibit difference in complications in men, women received less major (0% vs 8.6%, P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.03) and overall complications (0% vs 12.1%, P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.006). A multiple logistic regression revealed that, after adjusting for BMI, age and sex, prophylaxis with desmopressin showed less major (OR 0.38, CI 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.96) and overall complications (OR 0.36, CI 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.85).

Conclusion

Desmopressin given before a native kidney biopsy in patients with impaired renal function can reduce the risk for complications.

Bacterial contamination of water sources (e.g., lakes, rivers and springs) from waterborne bacteria is a crucial water safety issue and its prevention is of the utmost significance since it threatens the health and well-being of wildlife, livestock, and human populations and can lead to serious illness and even death. Rapid and multiplexed measurement of such waterborne pathogens is vital and the challenge is to instantly detect in these liquid samples different types of pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we propose a biosensing system in which the bacteria are labelled with streptavidin coated magnetic markers (MPs\u2014magnetic particles) forming compounds (MLBs\u2014magnetically labelled bacteria). Video microscopy in combination with a particle tracking software are used for their detection and quantification. When the liquid containing the MLBs is introduced into the developed, microfluidic platform, the MLBs are accelerated towards the outlet by means of a magnetic field gradient generated by integrated microconductors, which are sequentially switched ON and OFF by a microcontroller. The velocities of the MLBs and that of reference MPs, suspended in the same liquid in a parallel reference microfluidic channel, are calculated and compared in real time by a digital camera mounted on a conventional optical microscope in combination with a particle trajectory tracking software. The MLBs will be slower than the reference MPs due to the enhanced Stokes\u2019 drag force exerted on them, resulting from their greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape. The results of the investigation showed that the parameters obtained from this method emerged as reliable predictors for E. coli concentrations.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "magnetophoresis", "magnetic microparticles", "Chemical technology", "magnetic labeling", "Microfluidics", "TP1-1185", "Biosensing Techniques", "Article", "6. Clean water", "particle tracking", "Magnetics", "03 medical and health sciences", "bacteria quantification", "13. Climate action", "Escherichia coli", "biosensing", "Water Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2250/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2867552234"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2867552234", "name": "item", "description": "2867552234", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2867552234"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "28994014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-09", "title": "Intra- and inter-specific variations in chitin in lichens along a N-deposition gradient", "description": "The mechanisms of nitrogen (N) tolerance in lichens are not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated how the increase of chitin content is related with N excess at inter- and intra-specific levels, by using species with differing ecological N tolerances (the tolerant Xanthoria parietina and Parmotrema hypoleucinum and the sensitive Evernia prunastri and Usnea sp.) and thalli of X. parietina and P. hypoleucinum from sites with different availabilities of N of agricultural origin (livestock), as confirmed by lichen N content and \u03b415N. Nitrogen, chitin (N-containing compound), and ergosterol contents were measured in lichen thalli. Nitrogen and chitin contents were higher in tolerant species than those in sensitive ones (inter-specific level) and in thalli collected from the N-polluted site than in thalli from the clean site (intra-specific level). We suggest that chitin contributes to N stress tolerance in lichens, and that excess N can be partially stored as chitin (non-toxic form) in the cell walls of tolerant species.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ascomycota", "Biological Variation", " Population", "Lichens", "Nitrogen", "Ergosterol", "Chitin", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-0378-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/28994014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "28994014", "name": "item", "description": "28994014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/28994014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2893251307", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-22", "title": "Cascading effects from plants to soil microorganisms explain how plant species richness and simulated climate change affect soil multifunctionality", "description": "Abstract

Despite their importance, how plant communities and soil microorganisms interact to determine the capacity of ecosystems to provide multiple functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) under climate change is poorly known. We conducted a common garden experiment using grassland species to evaluate how plant functional structure and soil microbial (bacteria and protists) diversity and abundance regulate soil multifunctionality responses to joint changes in plant species richness (one, three and six species) and simulated climate change (3\uffc2\uffb0C warming and 35% rainfall reduction). The effects of species richness and climate on soil multifunctionality were indirectly driven via changes in plant functional structure and their relationships with the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and protists. More specifically, warming selected for the larger and most productive plant species, increasing the average size within communities and leading to reductions in functional plant diversity. These changes increased the total abundance of bacteria that, in turn, increased that of protists, ultimately promoting soil multifunctionality. Our work suggests that cascading effects between plant functional traits and the abundance of multitrophic soil organisms largely regulate the response of soil multifunctionality to simulated climate change, and ultimately provides novel experimental insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity and climate change on ecosystem functioning.Resource acquisition and growth yield are fundamental traits of microorganisms that have consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, there is a lack of empirical observations linking these traits. Using a landscape-scale survey of temperate near-neutral pH soils, we show tradeoffs in key community-level parameters linked to these traits. Increased investment into extracellular enzymes was associated with reduced growth yield; this reduction was linked more to carbon than nitrogen acquisition enzymes suggesting smaller stoichiometric constraints on community metabolism in examined soils.Cyanobacteria are key microbes in topsoil communities that have important roles in preventing soil erosion, carbon and nitrogen fixation, and influencing soil hydrology. However, little is known regarding the identity and distribution of the microbial components in the photosynthetic assemblages that form a cohesive biological soil crust (biocrust) in drylands of Europe. In this study, we investigated the cyanobacterial species colonizing biocrusts in three representative dryland ecosystems from the most arid region in Europe (SE Spain) that are characterized by different soil conditions. Isolated cyanobacterial cultures were identified by a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic relationship determination, and morphological and ecological habitat assessments. Three well-differentiated groups were identified: heterocystous-cyanobacteria (Nostoc commune,Nostoc calcicola,Tolypothrix distortaandScytonema hyalinum), which play an important role in N and C cycling in soil; nonheterocystous bundle-forming cyanobacteria (Microcoleus steenstrupii,Trichocoleus desertorum, andSchizothrixcf. calcicola); and narrow filamentous cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya frigidaandOculatella kazantipica), all of which are essential genera for initial biocrust formation. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of cyanobacterial species composition in biocrusts from important and understudied European habitats, such as the Mediterranean Basin, a hotspot of biodiversity, where these species are keystone pioneer organisms.

Abstract. Evapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle. For the agronomic management and ecosystem health monitoring, it is also important to provide an estimate of evapotranspiration components, i.e. transpiration and soil evaporation. To do so, Thermal InfraRed data can be used with dual-source surface energy balance models, because they solve separate energy budgets for the soil and the vegetation. But those models rely on specific assumptions on raw levels of plant water stress to get both components (evaporation and transpiration) out of a single source of information, namely the surface temperature. Additional information from remote sensing data are thus required. This works evaluates the ability of the SPARSE dual-source energy balance model to compute not only total evapotranspiration, but also water stress and transpiration/evaporation components, using either the sole surface temperature as a remote sensing driver, or a combination of surface temperature and soil moisture level derived from microwave data. Flux data at an experimental plot in semi-arid Morocco is used to assess this potentiality and shows the increased robustness of both the total evapotranspiration and partitioning retrieval performances. This work is realized within the frame of the Phase A activities for the TRISHNA CNES/ISRO Thermal Infra-Red satellite mission.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "Environmental Engineering", "550", "Ecosystem Resilience", "Soil Moisture", "Evaporation", "Energy balance", "Biochemistry", "Environmental science", "Transpiration", "Meteorology", "Artificial Intelligence", "Soil water", "Thermal Infrared", "Applied optics. Photonics", "Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting", "Photosynthesis", "TRISHNA", "Water balance", "Biology", "Soil science", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "T", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "Geology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "6. Clean water", "TA1501-1820", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Computer Science", "TA1-2040", "Water cycle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2966009560"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Archives%20of%20the%20Photogrammetry%2C%20Remote%20Sensing%20and%20Spatial%20Information%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2966009560", "name": "item", "description": "2966009560", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2966009560"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2919b1e3-6a79-4162-9d3a-e640a1dc5aef", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[73.6, 18.2], [73.6, 53.6], [134.8, 53.6], [134.8, 18.2], [73.6, 18.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Asia"}, {"id": "China"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:00", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "Soil and Terrain Database (SOTER) for China", "description": "The Soil and Terrain database for China primary data (version 1.0), at scale 1:1 million (SOTER_China), was compiled of enhanced soil information within the framework of the FAO's program of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA). The primary database was compiled using the SOTER methodology. The SOTER unit delineation was based on a raster format of the soil map of China, correlated and converted to FAO\u2019s Revised Legend (1988), in combination with a SOTER landform characterization derived from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 90 m digital elevation model (DEM). Reference profiles for the dominant soil of the SOTER units has been directly linked to the polygons. \n\nSOTER forms a part of the ongoing activities of ISRIC, FAO and UNEP to update the world's baseline information on natural resources.The project involved collaboration with national soil institutes from the countries in the region as well as individual experts.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Asia", "China"], "contacts": [{"name": "Bas Kempen", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Soil mapping specialist", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bas.kempen@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "J.A. Dijkshoorn", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "None"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Jan R.M. Huting", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": null, "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "None"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "1000000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/soter/CN-SOTER.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/index.php/projects/soil-and-terrain-soter-database-programme", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2008_06.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/soter/SOTER_CN.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2919b1e3-6a79-4162-9d3a-e640a1dc5aef", "name": "item", "description": "2919b1e3-6a79-4162-9d3a-e640a1dc5aef", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2919b1e3-6a79-4162-9d3a-e640a1dc5aef"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1986-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "2914529931", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-30", "title": "Interaction between biofilm growth and NAPL remediation: A pore-scale study", "description": "Abstract In this paper, we introduce a pore-scale model to study the interaction between biofilm growth and non-aqueous-phase-liquid (NAPL) dissolution. Liquid flow and dissolved NAPL transport are coupled with a biofilm growth model to correctly describe the complex dynamics of the processes including fluid flow, NAPL dissolution/biodegradation and biofilm growth. Fluid flow is simulated using an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann (IB-LB) model; while solute transport is solved by a cut-cell finite volume method (FVM). A uniform dissolution approach is also adopted to capture the temporal evolution of trapped blobs. Spatio-temporal distributions of the biomass are investigated using a cellular automaton algorithm combined with the immersed boundary method (IBM). Simulations focused on NAPL dissolution in both abiotic and biotic conditions are conducted to assess the capability of the model. In abiotic conditions, we analyze the effects of the hydrodynamic regimes and the spatial distribution of NAPL blobs on the dissolution rate under different assumptions (i.e., blob size and Peclet number). In biotic conditions, a series of impact factors are also investigated (i.e., spatial distribution, reaction kinetics and NAPL-induced toxicity). Finally, the current model is used to evaluate the pore scale relevance of a local equilibrium assumption between fluid phase and biofilm phase in the vicinity of the NAPL source.", "keywords": ["570", "biofilm growth", "cellular automata", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "530", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "immersed boundary method", "porous media", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "NAPL biodegradation", "lattice Botzmann method", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2914529931"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Water%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2914529931", "name": "item", "description": "2914529931", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2914529931"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2914742561", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-05", "title": "Current state of the global operational aerosol multi\u2010model ensemble: An update from the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP)", "description": "

Since the first International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP) multi\u2010model ensemble (MME) study, the number of ICAP global operational aerosol models has increased from five to nine. An update of the current ICAP status is provided, along with an evaluation of the performance of ICAP\u2010MME over 2012\u20132017, with a focus on June 2016\u2013May 2017. Evaluated with ground\u2010based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and data assimilation quality MODerate\u2010resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieval products, the ICAP\u2010MME AOD consensus remains the overall top\u2010scoring and most consistent performer among all models in terms of root\u2010mean\u2010square error (RMSE), bias and correlation for total, fine\u2010 and coarse\u2010mode AODs as well as dust AOD; this is similar to the first ICAP\u2010MME study. Further, over the years, the performance of ICAP\u2010MME is relatively stable and reliable compared to more variability in the individual models. The extent to which the AOD forecast error of ICAP\u2010MME can be predicted is also examined. Leading predictors are found to be the consensus mean and spread. Regression models of absolute forecast errors were built for AOD forecasts of different lengths for potential applications. ICAP\u2010MME performance in terms of modal AOD RMSEs of the 21 regionally representative sites over 2012\u20132017 suggests a general tendency for model improvements in fine\u2010mode AOD, especially over Asia. No significant improvement in coarse\u2010mode AOD is found overall for this time period.

", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Special Supplement on 25 Years of Ensemble Forecasting", "01 natural sciences", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3497"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2914742561"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Quarterly%20Journal%20of%20the%20Royal%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2914742561", "name": "item", "description": "2914742561", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2914742561"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-02T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ia&offset=4050&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ia&offset=4050&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ia&offset=4000", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=ia&offset=4100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6347, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:57:48.162174Z"}