{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Temperature- And Duration-Dependent Rice Straw-Derived Biochar: Characteristics And Its Effects On Soil Properties Of An Ultisol In Southern China", "description": "Abstract   Applying biochar to soils may cause a win\u2013win situation resulting in C sequestration and soil fertility improvement. The effect may be more evident in highly weathered and infertile tropical soils, but will be dependent on biochar quality. An Ultisol, typical to southern China, was used to evaluate amendment with biochars produced by a range of temperatures and durations, to investigate its effects on soil properties and plant growth. Rice straw-derived biochars were charred at temperatures from 250 to 450\u00a0\u00b0C for between 2 and 8\u00a0h. The increase of temperature caused smaller less structured (as viewed by SEM) fragments to form with less O, H and aliphatic C functional groups, but more aromatic C as indicated by infrared spectroscopy. The mean residence time of biochars under controlled conditions (25\u00a0\u00b0C, 40% field capacity) was estimated from 244 to 1700 years, generally increasing with charring temperature and duration. Amendment of 1% biochar increased pH by 0.1\u20130.46 ( P  P", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xinhua Peng, C.H. Wang, L.L. Ye, Hu Zhou, Bo Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-07", "title": "Return Rate Of Straw Residue Affects Soil Organic C Sequestration By Chemical Fertilization", "description": "Abstract   A 12-year field experiment was used to examine effects of return rates of crop straw residue on organic C sequestration by chemical fertilization in surface (0\u201320\u00a0cm) soil. The tested soil was a Hapli-Ustic Cambosol (FAO taxonomy) and the used crop was maize ( Zea mays  L.). The four main treatments were consisted of a gradient of return rate of straw residue, namely 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of shattered straw residue (referred to as 0%S, 25%S, 50%S and 100%S, respectively). The three sub-treatments contained unfertilized control (CK), unbalanced N fertilization (N) and balanced NPK fertilization (NPK). Along the gradient of straw return rate, topsoil C storage significantly increased. The balanced NPK fertilization was more effective in sequestrating topsoil C than the unbalanced N fertilization. Responses of topsoil C storage to the straw return and fertilization significantly increased with the experimental duration. With increasing straw return rates, C-sequestration effects of the N, and NPK treatments in topsoil changed from not significant to significant or from significant to more significant in statistics. Our findings demonstrate that C-sequestration effects of chemical fertilization in topsoil strongly depend on return regime of straw residue.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wei Wang, Kai Zhao, Yilai Lou, Minggang Xu, Xiao-Lin Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage And Stratification Under Different Tillage Systems In A Semi-Arid Region", "description": "Open AccessChanges in the agricultural management can potentially increase the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. In a long-term experiment (1992-2008) we examined the effects of various tillage intensities: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage with chisel plow (MT), and conventional tillage with mouldboard plow (CT), on the topsoil profile distribution (0-30cm) of SOC, on a semi-arid loamy soil from Central Spain. The crop sequence established was cheap pea (Cicer arietinun L.) cv. Inmaculada/barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Volley. Soil organic carbon in the various tillage treatments was expressed on a content bases and the equivalent soil mass approach. Measurements made at the end of 17 years showed that in the 0-30cm depth, stocks of SOC had increased under NT compared with MT and CT. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0-5cm layer where plots under NT had 5.8 and 7.6Mgha-1 more SOC than under MT or CT respectively. No-tillage plots, however, exhibited strong vertical gradients of SOC with concentrations decreasing from 0-5 to 20-30cm. Stratification ratios of SOC in 1992 showed no significant differences between tillage systems. On the contrary, from 1993 onwards all stratification ratios were significantly higher in NT than in the other two tillage systems. In addition, since 2003 stratification ratios of SOC obtained under NT were systematically >2 and more than 2-fold those obtained under MT and CT. Stratification ratios >2 are uncommon under degraded conditions and could suggest that NT management system may have the most benefits to soil quality in semi arid regions with low native soil organic matter. \u00a9 2010 Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon stocks", "Long-term experiments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Stratification ratio", "Conservation tillage", "Semi-arid soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Soil Responses To Different Management Practices In Rainfed Orchards In Semiarid Environments", "description": "Clean cultivation is a common practice in rainfed orchards; however, it may have detrimental effects on soil properties. This study examines the effect of different soil management systems on physical, chemical, and biochemical properties in a hypercalcic Calcisol in rainfed almond orchards (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) in SE Spain. Four types of soil management (main-plot treatments) were compared to a frequently tilled orchard system (FT: three or four tillages per year). The four types of soil management were: fencing (SF) of a flock of 130 sheep in 0.4 ha and grass cover was kept throughout the growing season; native vegetation (NV) that was allowed to grow; cover crop (CC) composed of legumes and crucifers; and reduced tillage (RT) comprising autumn and spring chisel ploughing. Each type of soil management was split into two grazing treatments (subplot treatments): with and without grazing. Our results supported the hypothesis that clean cultivation, i.e., FT, has deleterious effects on soil properties compared with managed groundcover. Compared with FT treatment, at the end of the experiment, the rest of treatments had higher wet aggregate stability (except the SF treatment), soil organic carbon (10.6 g kg\u22121 vs. 5.4 g kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), total nitrogen (1.35 g kg\u22121 vs. 0.83 g kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), available potassium (332 mg kg\u22121 vs. 187 mg kg\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and dehydrogenase (2.6 \u03bcg INTF g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 1.9 \u03bcg INTF g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), arylsulphatase (12.8 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 6.5 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), \u03b2-glucosidase (569 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 300 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and phosphatase activity (394 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 220 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT). Grazed plots had higher water content in soil (10 g H2O kg soil\u22121 vs. 9.4 g H2O kg soil\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots) and greater levels of arylsulphatase (12 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 11 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), \u03b2-glucosidase (582 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 491 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), and phosphatase activity (396 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121 vs. 345 \u03bcg PNP g\u22121 h\u22121, grazed vs. not grazed plots), in late spring, and this is attributed to the reduction of evapotranspiration and to the stimulation of root activity by means of plant defoliation. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, managements including grass cover improved physical, chemical and biological properties of soil compared with frequent tillage, particularly when grass was early removed by grazing. This work has been financed by Desarollo Agrario y Pesquero (Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda) through the project 92.162, and a FPU-MECD grant to M.E. Ramos. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-04", "title": "Determination Of The Quality Index Of A Paleudult Under Sunflower Culture And Different Management Systems", "description": "Soil is an essential resource for life and its properties are susceptible to be modified by tillage systems. The impact of management practices on soil functions can be assessed through a soil quality index. It is interesting to assess soil quality in different soil types. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the soil quality index of a Paleudult under different management conditions and sunflower culture. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu (SP, Brazil), in an 11-year non-tilled area used for growing soybean and maize during summer and black oat or triticale in winter. Four management systems were considered: no-tillage with a hoe planter (NTh), no-tillage with a double-disk planter (NTd), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT). Soil samples were taken from the planting lines at harvest time. To determine the soil quality indices, following the methodology proposed by Karlen and Stott (1994), three main soil functions were assessed: soil capacity for root development, water storage capacity of the soil and nutrient supply capacity of the soil. The studied Paleudult was considered a soil with good quality under all the observed management systems. However, the soil quality indices varied between treatments being 0.64, 0.68, 0.86 and 0.79 under NTh, NTd, RT and CT, respectively. Physical attributes such as resistance to penetration and macroporosity increased the soil quality index in RT and CT compared to NTh and NTd. The soil quality indices obtained suggested that the evaluated soil is adequate for sunflower production under our study conditions. In view of the SQI values, RT is the most suitable management for this site since it preserves soil quality and provides an acceptable sunflower yield.", "keywords": ["Yield", "Sao Paulo [Brazil]", "Glycine max", "Avena strigosa", "maize", "Triticosecale", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "soil type", "Soil health", "Sustainable development", "Rating", "soybean", "Agricultural machinery", "Productivity", "macropore", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "soil nutrient", "Agriculture", "water storage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Quality assurance", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Soil productivity", "Fish", "Sustainability", "Indicators of soil quality", "Botucatu", "tillage", "Soils", "dicotyledon", "Helianthus", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-13", "title": "Soil Properties And Crop Yields After 11 Years Of No Tillage Farming In Wheat\u2013Maize Cropping System In North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   Soil deterioration and the accompanying decline in crop yields are the main factors limiting the further development of agriculture in North China Plain. The long-term effects of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil properties and crop yields were investigated in annual double cropping system of winter wheat\u2013summer maize in the Gaocheng in Hebei, North China Plain over a 11-year period (1998\u20132009). Long-term NT significantly ( P  0.25\u00a0mm, +8.1%) and macroporosity (>60\u00a0\u03bcm, +43.3%) was also enhanced statistically ( P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-16", "title": "Dryland Soil Carbon Dynamics Under Alfalfa And Durum-Forage Cropping Sequences", "description": "Forages grown in rotation with or without cereals to sustain dryland soil water content and crop production may influence C dynamics. We evaluated the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and durum (Triticum turgidum L.)-annual forage cropping sequences on above- (stems + leaves) and belowground (roots) biomass C inputs and dryland soil organic C (SOC), particulate total C (PTC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and potential C mineralization (PCM) at the 0\u2013120 cm depth. Cropping sequences were continuous alfalfa (CA), durum-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hay (D-B), durum-foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) hay (D-M), durum-Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.)/barley mixture hay (D-P/B), and durum-fallow (D-F). The experiment was conducted in a Williams loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, Typic Argiustoll) from 2002 to 2005 in eastern Montana, USA. Except in 2003, aboveground biomass yield and C content were lower in CA than in other treatments from 2002 to 2005. Similarly, belowground biomass yield and C content were lower in D-F than in other treatments from 2003 to 2005. In 2005, soil surface residue amount and C content were greater in D-F than in other treatments. The SOC at 0\u201315 cm was greater in CA than in D-B and D-M. The PTC at 0\u201315 cm was greater in CA than in other treatments, but varied with treatments at other depths. The PCM at 0\u2013120 cm was greater in CA than in other treatments. The MBC at 30\u2013120 cm was greater in CA and D-P/B than in D-B. The proportion of SOC in PTC, PCM, and MBC at 0\u2013120 cm was greater in CA or D-P/B than in D-B and D-F. Although aboveground biomass C input was lower, greater belowground biomass C and a relatively undisturbed soil condition probably increased C storage at the surface layer and microbial biomass and activity at the surface and subsurface layers under alfalfa than under annual durum-forage sequences. Greater aboveground biomass C and fresh residue accumulation during durum phase, however, increased C storage in the surface residue under durum-fallow than under other cropping sequences. Perennial forages, such as alfalfa, can increase dryland soil C sequestration and biological soil quality by increasing microbial biomass and activity compared with annual cropping systems due to greater belowground biomass C input and continuous root growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Andrew W. Lenssen, Upendra M. Sainju,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/icad.12680", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-12", "title": "National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species: A contribution to pollinator conservation", "description": "Abstract<p> <p>Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access.</p> <p>As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups.</p> <p>After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies.</p> <p>Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.</p> </p", "keywords": ["580", "570", "pollination", "Species checklists", "Diptera", "Centralised occurrence records", "country records", "15. Life on land", "Anthophila; Apoidea; centralised occurrence records; country records; Diptera; expert knowledge; Hymenoptera; pollination; species checklists; Syrphidae", "Hymenoptera", "species checklists", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "centralised occurrence records", "expert knowledge", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Country records", "Expert knowledge", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Syrphidae", "Pollination", "Apoidea", "Anthophila"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unimore.it/bitstream/11380/1328768/2/Insect%20Conserv%20Diversity%20-%202023%20-%20Revert%c3%a9%20-%20National%20records%20of%203000%20European%20bee%20and%20hoverfly%20species%20A%20contribution%20to.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12680"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Insect%20Conservation%20and%20Diversity", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/icad.12680", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/icad.12680", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/icad.12680"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-11", "title": "Effects Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Thermal Properties And Heat Flux Under Leymus Chinensis And Stipa Grandis Vegetation In Inner Mongolia, China", "description": "Abstract   The increase of grazing intensity may alter the fluxes of mass and energy in grassland ecosystem due to fast population growth and distinct land-use change. To understand effects of different grazing intensities on soil thermal properties and heat flux, 5 sites under two representative vegetation types: Leymus chinensis (LC) and Stipa grandis (SG) in Inner Mongolia, China were investigated: two un-grazed sites since 1979 (LCUG79 and SGUG79), two moderately grazed sites which are winter grazed in LC (LCWG, 0.5\u00a0sheep units ha\u22121 year\u22121) and continuously grazed in SG (SGCG, 1.2 sheep units ha\u22121 year\u22121), and one heavily grazed site (LCHG, 2.0\u00a0sheep units ha\u22121 year\u22121). Soil water content and temperature were registered in the growing seasons: 2008 and 2009. The results in the more sensitive top 20\u00a0cm layer showed that heavy grazing induced the lowest soil water content, followed by winter grazing in the LC region. Continuous grazing caused higher soil moisture compared with un-grazed in SG region, which can be explained by the on site adjusted grazing intensity. For all sites, soil volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity increased with depths, which was in accordance with soil moisture. In LC region, the thermal conductivity was greater at the LCHG site than at the LCUG79 and LCWG sites, but the volumetric heat capacity was not significantly different between them. In SG region, these properties were greater at SGCG site than at SGUG79 site. Net soil heat flux generally moved downwards during the growing season. The greatest value was at LCHG site but lowest at LCUG79 site in LC region. On the contrary, a lower value was observed at SGCG site because of higher soil water content compared with SGUG79. For two un-grazed sites, heat flux was greater under SG vegetation than under LC vegetation. The long-term rainfall induced upward heat flux, but short-term rainfall caused a sharply downward increase. Without raining, the daily maximum and minimum of heat flux concurred with those of air temperature at LCHG site, but delayed at other sites. In conclusion, we can state that grazing intensity affects the soil thermal properties and heat flux, but vegetation type was only verified to impact heat flux. An appropriate grazing intensity improves soil water and thermal regimes compared with the long-term un-grazed sites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Tillage System On Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Propagules And Physical Properties In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem In Central Chile", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improve soil quality by increasing soil structure stability through the glomalin (glomalin related soil protein, GRSP) production, but diverse tillage systems can differentially affect AM activity and the consequential GRSP content in soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on AM fungal propagules (spore density, total and active fungal hyphae), GRSP content, and its relationship with some physical\u2013chemical soil properties in a Mollisol from Central Chile. For this study, two plots managed for 6 and 10 years under NT (NT6 and NT10), were compared with another plot maintained under CT management. In all cases a continuous spring wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)\u2013maize (Zea mays L.) rotation was established. The number of mycorrhizal propagules, total soil carbon (T-C) and GRSP content in NT6 was higher compared to CT and NT10. This trend was also observed for water stable aggregates (WSA) and water drop penetration time. Significant relationships were found between total mycelium and GRSP (r = 0.58, p < 0.05), GRSP and WSA (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) and between GRSP and T-C (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), suggesting an active role of AM fungi and GRSP on soil aggregation, particularly under NT6 management. In addition, the long-term NT management (NT10) produced a decrease in the parameters here assayed which suggest the application of one moderate plowing when parameters such as T-C and/or GRSP show a decrease in long-term programs of reduced or NT management applied in medium/heavy soils.", "keywords": ["Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Physical Qualities In An Oxic Paleustalf Under Different Tillage And Stubble Management Practices And Application Of S Theory", "description": "Abstract   The common soil physical quality indicators are related to each other because they all reflect soil structure, but to measure all of these parameters would be very time consuming. Therefore, it is desirable to obtain one simple index for overall assessment. The soil physical parameter,  S , may serve this purpose but the theory needs to be validated on soils affected by different management practices. Therefore, in this paper, soils from a long-term tillage/stubble experiment which commenced in 1979 in New South Wales, Australia were analysed for treatment effects on aspects of soil physical quality and on the  S  value. The treatments ranged from direct-drilling, stubble-retention through to multiple-cultivation stubble-burnt and also included a wheel track vs. non-wheel track comparison. Results showed that after 26\u00a0years of different tillage and stubble management practices, significant changes in soil physical qualities were detectable at 0.05\u00a0m depth. The direct-drilling soil had lower bulk density, higher soil organic carbon and improved water-stable aggregation (>0.25\u00a0mm aggregates) and friability. The  S  values obtained from the soil water retention curves were well correlated with the other soil physical quality indicators determined in this research and covered the range of  S  values from 0.030 to 0.046 associated with soil physical qualities in the poor and good categories. It is concluded that  S  value can be used as an overall index of soil physical quality for soils under different tillage, stubble and field traffic treatments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.02.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.02.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-21", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Tillage, Rotation And Nitrogen Fertiliser On Soil Quality In A Mediterranean Vertisol", "description": "Studies of the impacts of the interactions of soil agricultural practices on soil quality could assist with assessment of better management to establish sustainable crop production system. The main objective was to determine the long-term effects of tillage system, crop rotation and N fertilisation on soil total N and organic C (SOC), labile fractions of organic matter (water soluble carbon, WSC, and active carbon, AC), nitrate content, and soil enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase (DHA), \u03b2-glucosidase (Glu) and alkaline phosphatase (AP)) at four different soil depths (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201330 and 30\u201350 cm), in a Mediterranean dryland Vertisol in SW Spain. Tillage systems were conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT). Crop rotations were wheat\u2013sunflower (WS), wheat\u2013chickpea (WC), wheat\u2013faba bean (WFb), wheat\u2013fallow (WF) and continuous wheat (WW). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50 and 150 kg N ha\u22121. The different crop rotation systems had a great influence in soil C and N fractions and enzymatic activities. In general, the SOC, total N, WSC, and \u03b2-glucosidase contents were higher in the no tillage system than in conventional tillage system in the wheat\u2013wheat and in the wheat\u2013faba bean rotations at upper layer (0\u20135 cm), while the lowest ones were obtained in the wheat\u2013fallow rotation in both tillage systems. Carbon and N fractions, calculated by volumetric soil, showed an increase with depth in both tillage systems and in all crop rotations, which could be related to the increase of soil bulk density and soil mass with depth. The highest N fertiliser rate increased most of soil variables, especially nitrate content at deeper layers, thereby precautions should be taken with long-term N fertilisation to avoid leaching of nitrates below the tillage layer. With the exception of wheat\u2013fallow rotation, slightly greater grain and above-ground biomass yields were obtained for wheat in NT, especially at 150 kg N ha\u22121. Combination of NT with any biannual rotation except fallow could be an adequate sustainable management in order to improve soil quality of Vertisols, under our conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil enzymatic activities", "15. Life on land", "Rainfed agriculture", "Conservation tillage", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-23", "title": "Effect Of Shallow Tillage, Moldboard Plowing, Straw Management And Compost Addition On Soil Organic Matter And Nitrogen In A Dryland Barley/Wheat-Vetch Rotation", "description": "Abstract   Sustainability of dryland cropping is a major issue in the typical Mediterranean climatic environment of West Asia and North Africa. Management of crop residues and soil organic matter (SOM) and its interrelationship with tillage and crop rotation is of central importance for maintaining soil quality and sustaining crop yields. We examined the medium-term influence of conventional moldboard plowing compared with shallow tillage, under barley-vetch and barley-vetch\u2013wheat-vetch rotation, with different levels of straw management (burned, removed, or incorporated) and compost addition (10\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  every 2 or 4 years) on the distribution with soil depth (0\u201330\u00a0cm) of SOM, total organic nitrogen (N tot ), and labile as well as microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Shallow tillage increased SOM in 0\u201320\u00a0cm across all residue management treatments by on average 2.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 . Compost addition every 2 years instead of burning or removing residues significantly increased N tot  in 0\u201320\u00a0cm by 0.22\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 , doubled labile N and C in 0\u20135\u00a0\u00a0cm depth, and increased the ratio of labile N to N tot  in 0\u201320\u00a0cm by 4%. Consequently, SOM accumulated in the labile pool, which reacts readily to changes in soil management practice, but which may also be depleted as quickly. Thus, shallow tillage in combination with compost addition can help build-up of SOM, and therefore soil quality. Under conditions of intensive cultivation, where crop residues are not in demand for livestock fodder, the system assessed constitutes a new agronomic direction under dryland agriculture in the Mediterranean region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Straw and stubble management", "Microbial carbon", "Dryland farming", "Labile carbon", "Reduced tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "Conservation tillage", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sommer, R., Ryan, J., Masri, S., Singh, M., Diekmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-25", "title": "Effects Of Conservation Tillage On Corn And Soybean Yield In The Humid Continental Climate Region Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Soil quality and crop yield improvements through use of conservation tillage have been widely documented in the world. As the \u201cbread basket\u201d of the northern region of Northeast China, located at 47\u00b0N, China's arable Black soils are consistently and intensively tilled and have been seriously degraded and eroded. Wide spread adoption of conservation tillage in this area will occur only if acceptable yields are demonstrated with its use. In this study, corn ( Zea mays  L.) and soybean ( Glycine max  Merril.) yield with no-till (NT), reduced-till (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) were compared from 2004 to 2010 on two separate areas, sloping and nearly flat farmland. Soybean yields increased significantly and, in contrast, corn yields decreased significantly under NT compared to CT. The average increase of soybean yield was 8.9% on the flat farmland and 13.8% on sloping farmland. The average corn yield decrease was 28.4% on the flat farmland and 15.7% on sloping farmland. A significant increase in soil moisture and decrease in soil temperature was found in the early growing season for NT compared to RT and CT. NT decreased surface runoff and increased soil water storage, which boosted soybean yield on the sloping farmland. Our study demonstrated NT was an effective and beneficial soil tillage practice and should be widely applied for soybean production in the northern region of Northeast China, where the sloping farmlands are mainly distributed with soybean as the main crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-25", "title": "Earthworm Activity And Soil Structural Changes Under Conservation Agriculture In Central Mexico", "description": "Crop residue mulching combined with zero tillage and crop rotation, known as conservation agriculture (CA), is being promoted as an alternative system to revert soil degradation in maize-based farming in the central highlands of Mexico. The goal of this paper was to determine the effects of CA vs. conventional tillage systems on soil quality, with a special focus on the role of earthworms in affecting the soil structure morphology, and on crop yield. For the conventional tillage system, the effect of crop residue retention (CONV\u00a0+\u00a0RES) was also compared to the conventional farmers\u2019 practice (residues removed; CONV). CA resulted in four times higher earthworm abundance when compared to CONV. Residue retention per se (CONV\u00a0+\u00a0RES) did not favor earthworm abundance. In all cases the earthworm community was dominated by exotic species. CA increased total N and soil organic C concentrations relative to CONV, but only at 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil depth. Nevertheless, the more pronounced vertical stratification of soil organic carbon content under CA favored soil surface aggregation and aggregate stability as expressed by the aggregate mean weight diameter after dry sieving (MWDds\u00a0=\u00a02.6\u00a0mm for CA and 1.6\u00a0mm for CONV) and wet sieving (MWDws\u00a0=\u00a00.9\u00a0mm and 0.6\u00a0mm, respectively). Also, CA improved topsoil water stable macroaggregation (WSA\u00a0=\u00a0415\u00a0mg\u00a0g\u22121) when compared to CONV (251\u00a0mg\u00a0g\u22121). Residue retention within conventional tillage (CONV\u00a0+\u00a0RES) led to small increases in topsoil aggregate stability (i.e. MWDds and WSA). Soil structural improvements were accompanied by a higher direct surface water infiltration. Micromorphological analysis of thin sections indicated a loose and highly biogenic soil microstructure in CA, whereas CONV was characterized by a physicogenic microstructure, despite similar soil bulk densities (SBD). SBD is thus a poor indicator of soil physical quality when comparing different tillage systems. Redundancy analysis illustrated that CA resulted in improvement in most parameters related to soil quality, especially at the soil surface, but significant yield increases were recorded only in 2004. CONV\u00a0+\u00a0RES lead to marginal improvements in soil quality with no yield increases.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "no-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "quality", "wheat", "land-use", "systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "microaggregate formation", "management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-11", "title": "Drought impacts on terrestrial primary production underestimated by satellite monitoring", "description": "Satellite retrievals of information about the Earth's surface are widely used to monitor global terrestrial photosynthesis and primary production and to examine the ecological impacts of droughts. Methods for estimating photosynthesis from space commonly combine information on vegetation greenness, incoming radiation, temperature and atmospheric demand for water (vapour-pressure deficit), but do not account for the direct effects of low soil moisture. They instead rely on vapour-pressure deficit as a proxy for dryness, despite widespread evidence that soil moisture deficits have a direct impact on vegetation, independent of vapour-pressure deficit. Here, we use a globally distributed measurement network to assess the effect of soil moisture on photosynthesis, and identify a common bias in an ensemble of satellite-based estimates of photosynthesis that is governed by the magnitude of soil moisture effects on photosynthetic light-use efficiency. We develop methods to account for the influence of soil moisture and estimate that soil moisture effects reduce global annual photosynthesis by ~15%, increase interannual variability by more than 100% across 25% of the global vegetated land surface, and amplify the impacts of extreme events on primary production. These results demonstrate the importance of soil moisture effects for monitoring carbon-cycle variability and drought impacts on vegetation productivity from space.", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "USE EFFICIENCY", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "WATER-STRESS", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Ecology", "PHOTOSYNTHESIS", "Geology", "GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION", "Carbon cycle", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "6. Clean water", "ATMOSPHERIC DEMAND", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "RADIATION", "CARBON UPTAKE", "Geosciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0318-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2hr7r7gk/qt2hr7r7gk.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-019-0318-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "No-Tillage Increases Soil Profile Carbon And Nitrogen Under Long-Term Rainfed Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract   Emphasis and interest in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage (sequestration) in soils has greatly increased in the last few years, especially C with its\u2019 potential to help alleviate or offset some of the negative effects of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Several questions still exist with regard to what management practices optimize C storage in the soil profile. A long-term rainfed study conducted in eastern Nebraska provided the opportunity to determine both the effects of different tillage treatments and cropping systems on soil N and soil organic C (SOC) levels throughout the soil profile. The study included six primary tillage systems (chisel, disk, plow, no-till, ridge-till, and subtill) with three cropping systems [continuous corn (CC), continuous soybean (CSB), and soybean-corn (SB-C)]. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 150-cm in depth increments of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-, 15\u201330-, 30\u201360-, 60\u201390-, 90\u2013120-, and 120\u2013150-cm increments and composited by depth in the fall of 1999 after harvest and analyzed for total N and SOC. Significant differences in total N and SOC levels were obtained between tillage treatments and cropping systems in both surface depths of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-cm, but also in the 30\u201360-cm depth. Total N and SOC accumulations throughout the profile (both calculated by depth and for equivalent masses of soil) were significantly affected by both tillage treatment and cropping system, with those in no-till the greatest among tillage treatments and those in CC the greatest among cropping systems. Soil N and SOC levels were increased at deeper depths in the profile, especially in those tillage systems with the least amount of soil disturbance. Most significant was the fact that soil N and SOC was sequestered deeper in the profile, which would strongly suggest that N and C at these depths would be less likely to be lost if the soil was tilled.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Soil organic carbon", "Cropping systems", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E., Wilhelm, Wallace,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-24", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilization And Cover Crops On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Content", "description": "Abstract   No-tillage, N fertilization and cover crops are known to play an important role in conserving or increasing SOC and STN but the effects of their interactions are less known.  In order to evaluate the single and combined effects of these techniques on SOC and STN content under Mediterranean climate, a long term experiment started in 1993 on a loam soil (Typic Xerofluvent) in Central Italy.  The experimental variants are: conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), four N fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3) and four soil cover crop (CC) types (C \u2013 no cover crop; NL \u2013 non-legume CC; LNL \u2013 low nitrogen supply legume CC, and HNL \u2013 high nitrogen supply legume CC).  The nitrogen fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2 and N3) were: 0, 100, 200, 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for maize ( Zea mays,  L.); 0, 60, 120,180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0a \u22121  for durum wheat ( Triticum durum   Desf. ); 0, 50, 100, 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for sunflower ( Helianthus annuus  L.).  From 1993 to 2008, under the NT system the SOC and STN content in the top 30\u00a0cm soil depth increased by 0.61 and 0.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  respectively. In the same period, the SOC and STN content under the CT system decreased by a rate of 0.06 and 0.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  respectively.  During the experimental period, N1, N2 and N3 increased the SOC content in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil layer at a rate of 0.14, 0.45 and 0.49\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 . Only the higher N fertilization levels (N2 and N3) increased STN content, at a rate of 0.03 and 0.05\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 .  NL, LNL and HNL cover crops increased SOC content by 0.17, 0.41 and 0.43\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  and \u22120.01, +0.01 and +0.02\u00a0Mg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 .  Significant interactions among treatments were evident only in the case of the N fertilization by tillage system interaction on SOC and STN concentration in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth in 2008.  The observed SOC and STN variations were correlated to C returned to the soil as crop residues, aboveground cover crop biomass and weeds (C input).  We conclude that, under our Mediterranean climate, it is easier to conserve or increase SOC and STN by adopting NT than CT. To reach this objective, the CT system requires higher N fertilization rates and introduction of highly productive cover crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Farm/Enterprise Scale Field Scale", "Soil organic carbon", "Soil carbon input", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean climate", "15. Life on land", "fertilization; no-tillage; cover crop", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/338180/2/Mazzoncini%20et%20al.%20%282011%29_STILL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-29", "title": "A Five-Year Assessment Of Corn Stover Harvest In Central Iowa, Usa", "description": "Sustainable feedstock harvest strategies are needed to ensure bioenergy production does not irreversibly degrade soil resources. The objective for this study was to document corn (Zea mays L.) grain and stover fraction yields, plant nutrient removal and replacement costs, feedstock quality, soil-test changes, and soil quality indicator response to four stover harvest strategies for continuous corn and a corn-soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] rotation. The treatments included collecting (1) all standing plant material above a stubble height of 10 cm (whole plant), (2) the upper-half by height (ear shank upward), (3) the lower-half by height (from the 10 cm stubble height to just below the earshank), or (4) no removal. Collectable biomass from Treatment 2 averaged 3.9 ({+-}0.8) Mg ha{sup -1} for continuous corn (2005 through 2009), and 4.8 ({+-}0.4) Mg ha{sup -1} for the rotated corn (2005, 2007, and 2009). Compared to harvesting only the grain, collecting stover increased the average N-P-K removal by 29, 3 and 34 kg ha{sup -1} for continuous corn and 42, 3, and 34 kg ha{sup -1} for rotated corn, respectively. Harvesting the lower-half of the corn plant (Treatment 3) required two passes, resulted in frequent plugging of the combine, and provided a feedstockmore\u00a0\u00bb with low quality for conversion to biofuel. Therefore, Treatment 3 was replaced by a 'cobs-only' harvest starting in 2009. Structural sugars glucan and xylan accounted for up to 60% of the chemical composition, while galactan, arabinan, and mannose constituted less than 5% of the harvest fractions collected from 2005 through 2008. Soil-test data from samples collected after the first harvest (2005) revealed low to very low plant-available P and K levels which reduced soybean yield in 2006 after harvesting the whole-plant in 2005. Average continuous corn yields were 21% lower than rotated yields with no significant differences due to stover harvest. Rotated corn yields in 2009 showed some significant differences, presumably because soil-test P was again in the low range. A soil quality analysis using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) with six indicators showed that soils at the continuous corn and rotated sites were functioning at an average of 93 and 83% of their inherent potential, respectively. With good crop management practices, including routine soil-testing, adequate fertilization, maintenance of soil organic matter, sustained soil structure, and prevention of wind, water or tillage erosion, a portion of the corn stover being produced in central Iowa, USA can be harvested in a sustainable manner.\u00ab\u00a0less", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF)", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "330", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Sustainability", "Nutrient removal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Renewable energy assessment project (REAP)", "Biofuel feedstock", "Single-pass stover harvest system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Karlen, Douglas, Hess, J. Richard, Birrell, Stuart,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-22", "title": "Long-Term Impact Of Farming Practices On Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools And Microbial Biomass And Activity", "description": "Conventional agriculture with intensive tillage and high inputs of synthetic chemicals has critically depleted the soil C pools. Alternative practices such as no-tillage and organic inputs have been shown to increase soil C content. However, the long-term impact of these practices on soil C pools was not fully understood under humid and warm climate conditions such as the southeast USA. We hypothesized that a combination of sustainable production practices will result in greater microbial biomass and activity and soil organic C than any individual practice. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a long-term experiment examining how different farming practices affect soil C and N pools and microbial biomass and activities in a fine-sandy loam (FAO: Acrisol) in the southern Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, USA. The experiment was a randomized complete design with four replications. Six management treatments, i.e., tillage with no chemical or organic inputs (Control, TN), tillage with chemical inputs (TC), tillage with organic inputs (TO), no-tillage with chemical inputs (NC), no-tillage with organic inputs (NO), and fescue grasses (FG), were designed. Organic C and N pools and microbial properties in 0-15 cm soils were markedly different after 15 years of continuous treatments. Both no tillage and organic inputs significantly promoted soil microbial biomass by 63-139% and 54-126%; also microbial activity increased by 88-158% and 52-117%, respectively. Corresponding increases of soil organic C by 83-104% and 19-32%, and soil organic N by 77-94% and 20-32% were measured. The combination of no tillage and organic management increased soil organic C by 140% over the conventional tillage control, leading to a soil C content comparable to an un-disturbed grassland control. No tillage reduced the proportion of organic C in the light fraction with d   1.6 g cm(-3) (from 95% to 98%). Organic inputs, however, had little impact on C distribution among different density fractions of the soil except light fraction in tillage treatment. Over all, no-tillage practices exerted greater influence on microbial biomass levels and activity and soil organic C levels and fractionations than organic inputs. Our results support the hypothesis and indicate that management decisions including reducing tillage and increasing organic C inputs can enhance transformation of soil organic C from the labile into stable pools, promote soil C accumulation, improve soil fertility and while mitigate atmospheric CO(2) rise. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "The Primary Sources Of Carbon Loss During The Crop-Establishment Period In A Subtropical Oxisol Under Contrasting Tillage Systems", "description": "Abstract   The physical protection of mineralizable carbon (C) in aggregates has been identified as the primary mechanism of soil C stabilization. Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that the disruption of aggregate by soil tillage is a key process driving C losses during the crop-establishment period. However, these findings are based on studies performed in temperate soils. Limited information is available for studies performed in subtropical and tropical soils, especially in Oxisols, which are rich in oxides that provides chemical C stabilization. This study was performed in southern Brazil in a long-term soil-management experiment carried out in a clay Typic Haplorthox in Cruz Alta (RS). During the 22nd year of the experiment, carbon dioxide (CO2\u2013C) emissions, temperature, and soil moisture were intensively evaluated over a 21-day summer crop-establishment period using a closed infrared CO2-flux chamber. The cropping system investigated was an intensive crop rotation following the soil input of winter-cover crops (black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) under two contrasting tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The apparent contributions to CO2\u2013C losses by resident soil C associated with aggregate disruption and recent crop-residue C input were assessed in treatments with crop-residue input (+R) and with crop-residue removed (\u2212R). An exponential-decay model was used to fit the differences in CO2\u2013C flux between CT\u00a0\u2212\u00a0R and NT\u00a0\u2212\u00a0R (apparent aggregate-disruption effect) and between CT\u00a0+\u00a0R and CT\u00a0\u2212\u00a0R (apparent recent crop-residue C input effect). As expected, the CT\u00a0+\u00a0R showed an increase of 72% in CO2\u2013C losses relative to NT\u00a0+\u00a0R. During the three-week crop-establishment period, crop-residue C input was the primary source of CO2\u2013C emissions under CT. The CO2\u2013C losses under CT were equivalent to 65% of the aboveground C input by winter cover crops, whereas this value decreased to 35% in NT. Exponential-decay modeling of the data for the first week showed that approximately 20% of the CO2\u2013C losses under CT were related to the exposure of mineralizable resident soil C due by tillage operations. The analysis showed that this value decreased to only 2% for the three-week period. The CO2\u2013C emissions exhibited a positive linear relationship with soil temperature and soil water-filled porosity under NT, but a similar relationship was found only with soil temperature under CT. For this Oxisol during the crop-establishment period, the physical aggregate disruption induced by long-term CT played a secondary role in CO2\u2013C losses relative to the recent crop-residue C input from tillage operations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil-carbon stabilization", "No-till", "Aggregate disruption", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "Carbon crop residue", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "No Tillage In Rainfed Aragon (Ne Spain): Effect On Organic Carbon In The Soil Surface Horizon", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported by the Comisi\u00f3n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda of Spain (Grants AGL2010-22050-CO3-02/AGR and AGL2007-66320-C02-02/AGR) and the European Union (FEDER Funds). N. Blanco-Moure was awarded with a PhD fellowship (FPI Program) by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "On-farm research", "Crop residues", "Soil organic matter;", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Dryland cereal farming", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-01", "title": "Assessing Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks Of No-Till Systems In Oklahoma", "description": "Abstract   Intensive tillage during the last century has greatly reduced organic carbon contents of Oklahoma cropland. Increased public interest in carbon sequestration and the potential for carbon storage in no-till soils to offset CO 2  emissions has brought about the need for accurate estimates of carbon sequestration in Oklahoma. Eight locations across Oklahoma were soil sampled to determine the impact of no-till farming practices on soil carbon storage. Locations consisted of side by side no-till and tilled fields sampled at four sites in each field. Samples were divided into 0\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201340, 40\u201370, and 70\u2013110\u00a0cm depths and analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN). Averaged across locations and depth, the concentration of organic carbon (OC) was 0.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  greater in no-till compared to tilled fields. As expected, differences between no-till and conventional till were dependent on length of time in no-till and annual precipitation. The greater the time in no-till management and the higher the annual precipitation, the greater the carbon stocks compared to conventional till fields. Despite the high degree of variation among sample locations, the mass of OC was significantly ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.07), greater in the NT compared to that found in the CT fields, with the average difference being 8.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 . The highest OC accumulation was observed in Miami with an average of 3.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 , while at Lahoma 2 and Goodwell no accumulation of OC was observed. Eliminating tillage operations can increase OC accumulation with the presence of adequate rainfall and an extended period of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-22", "title": "Use Of A Partial-Width Tillage System Maintains Benefits Of No-Tillage In Increasing Total Soil Nitrogen", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation of Spain (CICYT). AGL 2007-65698-CO3-02/AGR and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. POII10-0115-2863.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen stocks", "Long-term experiments", "Zone tillage", "Soil densification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Semiarid soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-23", "title": "Tillage Influence On Biophysical Soil Properties: The Example Of A Long-Term Tillage Experiment Under Mediterranean Rainfed Conditions In South Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Enzymatic activities", "13. Climate action", "Soil Carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil aggregates", "Soil quality", "Tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez Garrido, Rosa, Deurer, Markus, Madej\u00f3n, Engracia, Murillo Carpio, Jos\u00e9 Manuel, Moreno Lucas, F\u00e9lix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-22", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Cropping Regimes On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Aggregate Composition In Rainfed Farmland Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Soybean ( Glycine max  L.)\u2013maize ( Zea mays  L.) rotation has been recommended as a good cropping practice for soil quality improvement and crop productivity enhancement. However, its impacts on carbon sequestration in soil are not well documented. The main objective of this study was to learn whether soybean\u2013maize rotation can promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Based on a long-term field experiment (started in 1990) in Northeast China, we investigated the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil aggregate composition between cropping patterns. This experiment included four treatments: continuous maize cropping (CMC), maize\u2013soybean rotation (MSR), continuous soybean cropping (CSC) and farmland fallow (FALL) in a Haplic Phaeozem soil. All treatments showed a sustained trend toward increasing SOC storage since 1990. The contents of SOC in the topsoil and in the profile to the 1\u00a0m depth were in the following order of CMC\u00a0>\u00a0MSR\u00a0>\u00a0CSC\u00a0\u2265\u00a0FALL, suggesting a greater potential of C sequestration under cropping with manure application than under the farmland fallow without any fertilizer application. In the 1\u00a0m soil profiles, SOC levels decreased with soil depth with a major part (around 60\u201371%) being distributed in the 0\u201340\u00a0cm layer, whereas different practices led to great differential of SOC distribution. The CMC had the highest SOC levels (47.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) in the topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) among the four systems. Meanwhile, maize cropping system (e.g. CMC and MSR) promoted more SOC allocation in >40\u00a0cm soil layers. Moreover, cropping pattern also differently influenced the formation and transformation of soil aggregates and the distribution of SOC in the aggregates. Macro-sized aggregate and the associated C (18.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) dominated in the FALL, while the micro-sized fractions (44.0% and 52.5%, respectively) and corresponding associated C (14.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  and 19.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively) were maximized in the MSR and CSC. The CMC had the greatest silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay-sized aggregate fraction (42.0%) and associated C in the macro- (13.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay-sized aggregate (12.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) fractions when compared with the MSR and CSC. Thus, maize\u2013soybean rotation may be not the best cropping practice for C sequestration in the rainfed farmland Mollisol (Cumulic Hapludoll) in Northeast China, and intensive cropping with manure application can sustain the soil fertility for a long-term with high crop yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.10.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.10.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-21", "title": "Hedgerow Pruning Frequency Effects On Soil Quality And Maize Productivity In Alley Cropping With Gliricidia Sepium In Northeastern Brazil", "description": "A B S T R A C T In this study, we compared the effects of three pruning frequencies (3, 4 and 6 cuts yr \ufffd 1 ) of Gliricidia sepium hedgerows on (i) the productivities of shoot residues and maize grain, and (ii) on chemical and physical properties of a kaolinitic soil. Productivities of gliricidia shoots (GSP) and maize grain (MGP) were evaluated from 2001 to 2003. In 2004, soil samples were taken from the experimental plots at 0\u2013 5 cm and 5\u201320 cm depths and analyzed for total and particulate organic C (TOC and POM-C), percent of water stable aggregates (WSA), aggregate mean weighed diameter and cation exchange capacity (CEC). An adjacent native forest and a sole maize field under conventional till were also sampled as reference areas. Increasing pruning frequency resulted in a reduction of GSP from 6 and 4 t ha \ufffd 1 y \ufffd 1 , with 3 and 4 cuts yr \ufffd 1 respectively, to 1 t ha \ufffd 1 y \ufffd 1 , with 6 cuts yr \ufffd 1 . However, the 3 cuts yr \ufffd 1 treatment significantly reduced MGP in about 40% and 25%, respectively in 2000 and 2001, compared to the other pruning treatments, likely due to an increased competition between the maize and gliricidia plants. The high input to the soil of gliricidia shoot biomass with 3 or 4 cuts yr \ufffd 1 promoted an improvement in soil quality at the 0\u20135 cm soil layer characterized by an increase of 35% in POM-C and 10% in WSA, and a multivariate-based soil profile closer to that of the native forest, compared to the 6 cuts yr \ufffd 1 treatment. Our results indicate that 4 cuts yr \ufffd 1 of the gliricidia hedges provided the best trade-off between residue and maize grain production, and resulted in significant improvements in soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw And Nitrogen Fertilization On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Carbon Storage In Tropical Flooded Soil Planted With Rice", "description": "Abstract   Effects of four years of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) management on the emission of three major greenhouse gases (GHGs): methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and on soil labile carbon fractions such as water-soluble carbon (C, WSC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), KMnO 4  oxidizable organic carbon (KMnO 4 -C), carbon management index (CMI) and soil carbon storage were investigated in a flooded rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) field in India. The treatments included an unfertilized control, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, rice straw\u00a0+\u00a0inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and rice straw\u00a0+\u00a0green manure. Maximum global warming potential (GWP) (10,188\u00a0kg\u00a0CO 2 \u00a0equivalent ha \u22121 ) was determined for the combined application of rice straw and green manure. Total carbon content and carbon storage in the topsoil were significantly increased for the rice straw\u00a0+\u00a0inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The combined application of rice straw and green manure was more effective in increasing WSC, MBC, KMnO 4 -C concentrations and CMI than the inorganic fertilizer treatments, although it increased gaseous carbon emission. The combined application of rice straw and an inorganic fertilizer was most effective in sequestrating soil organic carbon (1.39\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), resulting in a higher grain yield. Therefore, it could be the best option for improving productivity and carbon storage in the rice\u2013rice cropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-13", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Conservation Management Practices On Soil Labile Organic Carbon Fractions Under A Rape\u2013Rice Rotation In Central China", "description": "Abstract   Conservation management practices, such as no-tillage (NT) or crop residue mulch, alter soil organic carbon (C) lability, thus affecting soil quality. However, inconsistent effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic C have been commonly reported. We hypothesized, however, that conservation management practices can improve soil labile organic C fractions and then C management index (CMI) and soil quality. Thus, our objective was to quantify labile organic C contents on a clay loam soil (Anthrosols, World Reference Base for Soil Resources) 3 years after implementing four tillage/crop residue management treatments under a rice Liangyoupeijiu (Oryza sativa L.)\u2013rape Huayouzaliuhao (Brassica napus) rotation in Wuxue City of central China. The experiment included four treatments: (1) single conventional tillage (CT) without crop residue (rape with NT\u2013rice with CT); (2) double CT without crop residue (rape with CT\u2013rice with CT); (3) double NT without crop residue (rape with NT\u2013rice with NT); and (4) double NT plus crop residue (rape with NT\u00a0+\u00a0rice residue mulch\u2013rice with NT\u00a0+\u00a0rape residue mulch). Five soil organic C fractions were determined from 0 to 30\u00a0cm layer in October 2009 (3 years after a rape\u2013rice double crop rotation). Total organic C, microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, particulate organic C, easily oxidizable C, and water stable aggregation were measured. A CMI was also calculated. The concentrations of total organic C, microbial organic C, dissolved organic C, and particulate organic C under the double NT plus crop residue treatment were 1.07\u20131.17, 1.20\u20131.26, 1.08\u20131.30 and 1.17\u20131.76 times higher than those under the other three treatments. The total organic C and labile organic C contents under the double NT with or without crop residue treatment were generally higher at 0\u20135\u00a0cm than at greater sampling depths. The proportions of 0.5\u20132\u00a0mm water-stable aggregates at the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth under the double NT with or without crop residue treatment were significantly greater (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-03", "title": "Impact Of Ridge Tillage On Soil Organic Carbon And Selected Physical Properties Of A Clay Loam In Southwestern Ontario", "description": "Abstract   Ridge tillage (RT) creates a distinctly different soil environment relative to no-tillage (NT) and mouldboard plow tillage (MP), which may in turn affect soil properties. In this study, the impacts of long-term (29 years) RT on soil organic carbon (SOC), water content, bulk density and penetration resistance were compared with NT and MP tillage on a clay loam soil under a corn ( Zea mays  L.)\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  L. Merr.) rotation. The ridges in RT were formed at 76-cm spacing and corn was planted in the center of the ridges whereas soybean was planted in the shoulders of the ridges at 38-cm spacing. Soil samples were collected from the ridge crest (i.e. corn row), from the two ridge shoulder positions and from the interrow (furrow) positions of the ridges to evaluate both the spatial and profile distributions of the selected soil properties under RT relative to NT and MP. Ridge tillage produced low SOC in the interrows, high SOC in the crests and medium SOC in the shoulders relative to MP and NT. Soil water content was higher in the interrows than in the crests of the ridges, while soil penetration resistance followed the reverse trend. No-tillage resulted in a distinct SOC stratification with significantly higher SOC in surface soil and slightly lower SOC in subsurface soil while a uniform distribution of SOC was observed in the plow layer of MP soil. Hence, RT produced different SOC, water content, bulk density and penetration resistance distributions than NT and MP. Twenty-nine years of RT management resulted in improved soil physical conditions in the plow layer for crop root growth relative to NT and greater SOC stocks within the plow layer compared to MP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-26", "title": "Soil And Crop Responses To Lime And Fertilizers In A Fire-Free Land Use System For Smallholdings In The Northern Brazilian Amazon", "description": "Abstract   The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lime and fertilizers in a fire-free system for land clearing. Four replications of the split-plot experimental design were used, and two treatments were chosen for the main plot: lime (1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) or no lime. Fertilizer levels zero (1), low (2), and high (3) were evaluated in the subplots over a period of three years. In 2006 and 2008 treatments were evaluated while using corn (Zea mays L.) intercropped with rice (Oriza sativa); the evaluations of 2007 were carried out while cropping cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). In plots without lime on which fertilizer level 3 was applied, the soil pH decreased by 0.4 and 0.8 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The effects of the fertilizer levels reducing the soil pH were observed in 2007 (plots without lime) and in 2008 (plots with or without lime). Organic soil matter increased with liming and fertilizer level 3. Soil calcium and magnesium increased with liming and fertilization, while available phosphorus increased only with fertilizer level 3. Lime and fertilization increased the nutrient content in plant tissue, however it did not lead to an equilibrium of nutritional status. The increase of corn and rice yields was related to the fertilizer levels rather than to liming, but the cowpea yield was responsive to both liming and fertilizers. The most positive financial balance was observed to with fertilizer level 2 (without liming) after three years; however, the difference between level 2, with or without liming, was small. Fertilization without liming is an option for the first year of a fire-free system for land clearing, assuming corn is intercropped with rice. Lime application from the second year on is important to allow better yields of subsequent crops and to avoid soil acidification by inorganic fertilizers.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-04", "title": "Long-Term Rotation And Tillage Effects On Soil Structure And Crop Yield", "description": "Tillage and rotation are fundamental factors influencing soil quality and thus the sustainability of cropping systems. Many studies have focused on the effects of either tillage or rotation, but few have quantified the long term integrated effects of both. We studied the issue using a 30-year old long-term rotation and tillage treatment experiment on a Canadian silt loam soil. Topsoil measurements were carried out for three different rotations: R1, (C\u2013C\u2013C\u2013C) continuous corn (Zea mays L.), R6, (C\u2013C\u2013O(RC), B(RC)) corn, corn, oats (Avena fatua L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and R8, (C\u2013C\u2013S\u2013S) corn, corn, soybean (Glycine max L.), soybean. A red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) cover crop was under seeded in oats and spring barley in R6. In 2010, first year corn was grown in R6 and R8. The tillage treatments included no tillage, NT and mouldboard ploughing, MP. Topsoil structural quality was visually evaluated in early June and mid October. Minimal disturbed soil cores collected in early June were used for X-ray CT scanning and to quantify water content and porosity. Soil friability was determined on the soil samples using a drop shatter test. Crop yield was determined and correlated to the soil quality estimates. We found significant effect of both rotation and tillage on visual soil structure at both times of assessment. Poor soil structure was found for NT except when combined with a diverse crop rotation (R6). The soil core pore characteristics data also displayed a significant effect of tillage but only a weak insignificant effect of rotation. The drop shatter results were in accordance with the visual assessment data. Crop yield correlated significantly with the visual soil structure scores. We conclude that a diverse crop rotation was needed for an optimal performance of NT for the studied soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "X-ray CT", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "rotation", "visual soil structure evaluation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.02.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.02.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Soil Organic Phosphorus Forms Under Different Soil Management Systems And Winter Crops, In A Long Term Experiment", "description": "Organic phosphorus (P) is an important source of phosphate for plants both in natural environments and in cultivated soils. Growing plants with high P recycling capacity may increase the importance of organic forms in phosphate availability mainly in undisturbed soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long period of cultivation of different winter species under different soil management systems in the distribution of soil organic P forms, in the P content stored into the soil microbial biomass (SMB) and in the acid phosphatase enzyme activity. The experiment was established in 1986 with six winter treatments (blue lupine, hairy vetch, oat, radish, wheat and fallow) implanted in a Rhodic Hapludox in southern Brazil, under no-tillage system (NT) and conventional tillage system (CT). The crops were cultivated with rational use of chemical phosphate fertilizer, according to plant needs and soil type maintaining high levels of soil organic carbon leading to P organic form accumulation. Growing crops during the winter period in highly weathered subtropical soil increases the importance of microbial interactions in the P cycle, especially in the NT, where a large amount of crop residues is annually added to the soil surface, increasing soil organic P level, P content stored into the SMB and acid phosphatase enzyme activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nutrient turnover", "No-tillage Conventional tillage Phosphorus fractionating Biomass phosphorus content Acid phosphatase Cover crops", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouses and coverings", "01 natural sciences", "Soil tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-06", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Characteristics, Biochemical Activity And Antioxidant Capacity In Mediterranean Land Use Systems", "description": "Abstract   The characteristics of soil quality were measured in adjacent agricultural (horticultural cropping sequence, HC), native grassland (naturally grazed, NG) and forest (indigenous wood of holm-oak, F) soils. The objective of the research was to assess the influence of different land uses on soil organic matter characteristics, biochemical activity and antioxidant capacity in selected fields of the Mediterranean environment in central Italy under a specific climatic regime.  Land use induced significant changes in the content and quality of soil organic matter, biochemical activity and antioxidant capacity, with more pronounced differences between soils under HC and F than soils under HC and NG. The HC soil showed the lowest amounts of total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass C (MB-C), water-soluble organic C (WSOC), water- and alkali-soluble phenols. The organic matter of HC was characterized by the lowest percentage of MB-C and of light fraction carbon (LF-C). The dehydrogenase activity (DH-ase), metabolic potential (MP), hydrolyzing coefficient (HyC), potentially mineralizable C ( C  0 ) and C mineralized ( C  m ) were clearly lower in HC. The specific respiration activity of biomass (qCO 2 ) was the highest in HC soil (1.3\u00a0\u03bcg CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0biomass\u00a0C \u22121 ) and lowest in F soil (0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0CO 2 \u2013C\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0biomass\u00a0C \u22121 ) and was inversely related with pH, TOC and MB-C contents. The antioxidant capacity of soils (TEAC) was the highest in NG and related to the amount of alkali-soluble phenols. The rate constant of organic matter mineralization ( k ) appeared to depend on TEAC rather than the relative amounts of the labile C pools. These results seem to explain the role of phenols as controller of the mineralization rate of organic matter.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-29", "title": "Changes In Soil Organic Carbon Pools After 10 Years Of Continuous Manuring Combined With Chemical Fertilizer In A Mollisol In China", "description": "Abstract   It is still unclear that whether substantial amounts of organic manure amendment could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in a Chinese Mollisol with relatively high organic C content. Further, changes accompanied by different organic carbon (C) fractions are not well understood based on long-term experiment. The knowledge of this kind is important for assessing the potential for C sequestration of a high SOC soil and selecting effective management practices for increasing soil C sequestration and productivity in agroecosystem of northeastern China. This study was aimed to assess the effects of 10 years\u2019 organic manuring at various rates combined with chemical fertilizer on organic C sequestration in topsoil (0\u201320\u00a0cm) and to identify changes in different SOC (total, labile, and recalcitrant) pools. Five fertilization treatments were included: (1) CK, unfertilized control; (2) OM 0 , only chemical fertilizer, no manure added; (3) OM 1 , organic manure added at 7.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  year \u22121  plus chemical fertilizer; (4) OM 2 , organic manure added at 15\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  plus chemical fertilizer; and (5) OM 3 , organic manure added at 22.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  plus chemical fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer was supplied with the same rate in each fertilized treatment. We found that the application of graded rates of manure from OM 1  to OM 3  significantly enhanced total SOC, labile C pools, and recalcitrant C pool as compared with OM 0  and CK. The C storage (in top 20\u00a0cm) in the OM 0 , OM 1 , OM 2 , and OM 3  was increased by 3.19%, 12.5%, 14.5%, and 18.2%, respectively, over the CK treatment, suggesting that the chemical fertilizer addition had less effects on C-sequestration in topsoil compared to manure plus mineral fertilizer amendment. Moreover, topsoil C-sequestration increased with organic manure addition rates with an order of OM 3  (10.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0OM 2  (8.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 )\u00a0>\u00a0OM 1  (7.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). A positive relationship between C sequestration and organic manure input indicates that the soil has not reached its maximum capacity of C sequestration. Application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer was found to produce greater size of both labile and recalcitrant pools than application of mineral fertilizers alone. In most cases, the increases in these C fractions were greater when organic manure was supplied at higher rates. Moreover, increase in recalcitrant C (10.5\u201329.5%) was significantly higher than labile C (5.6\u201310.2%) in manure treated plots as compared with no amendment plot. This indicated that a majority of organic C sequestered due to C inputs was accumulated and stabilized in recalcitrant C pool. In general, organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer exerted greater influence on topsoil C storage and crop yield than chemical fertilizer alone. Based on crop yield and soil C storage, applying organic manure at the rate of 22.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  was the most effective way to improve soil productivity and C sequestration in the agroecosystem of northeastern China. However, taking use efficiency of organic inputs and environmental factors into consideration, application of manure at moderate rate (about 15\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) may be more feasible in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.02.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-06", "title": "Meta-analysis on atmospheric carbon capture in Spain through the use of conservation agriculture", "description": "Abstract   Conservation agriculture (CA) helps to mitigate climate change. Firstly, the modifications introduced by CA on the carbon dynamics in the soil directly result in an increase of the carbon (C) in the soil fraction. Secondly, CA drastically reduces C oxidation processes by diminishing the mechanical manipulation of the soil.  Spain's position in relation to the Kyoto Protocol must be improved, as is one of the European countries in a non-compliance situation. With the aim of providing knowledge about the potential of CA as C sink in Spain, 29 articles on this subject were reviewed. According to 2010 CA uptake, the results demonstrated that conservation practices have the potential to promote the fixation in soil of about 2\u00a0Gg\u00a0year\u22121 more C than traditional tillage (TT) systems. As indicated by  Tebrugge (2001) , 3.7\u00a0Mg of CO2 are generated from 1\u00a0Mg of C through microbial oxidation processes taking place in the ground, meaning that through CA almost 7.5\u00a0Gg of CO2 could be sequestered from the atmosphere every year until the equilibrium is reached.  C fixation was found to be irregular over time. C fixation rates were high in newly implemented systems during the first 10\u00a0years, reaching top values of 0.85\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for no-tillage (NT) and 1.54\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for cover crops (CC) implemented in-between perennial tree rows. After those first 10\u00a0years, it followed a period of lower but steady growth until equilibrium was reached. Nevertheless, C decreases of 0.16\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the first 10\u00a0years may be expected when practicing minimum tillage (MT). C sequestration rate resulted higher in case farmers do crop rotations in NT and MT rather than monoculture. In woody crops, studies reported higher C fixation values for native species when compared to sowed CC. Also, climate conditions seem to affect C sequestration rate in Spain. Although in NT differences observed between maritime and continental climates are not pronounced, as approximately 25% of the values recorded in both climates are equal, in the case of MT about 75% of maritime climate values result higher than the continental situation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.04.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-27", "title": "Using Olive Pruning Residues To Cover Soil And Improve Fertility", "description": "Abstract   The application of organic materials to land is a common practice in sustainable agriculture. The current availability of several types of pruners and choppers on the market has boosted the use of these types of residues as plant cover. Applying these types of residues increases the content of organic matter in the soil, which is very positive for the fertility of the soil and agricultural biodiversity. The latter should be taken into account in ecological olive groves where fertilisation programmes are highly limited. However, no quantitative information is available to provide farmers with a precise assessment.  Experiments were conducted over a period of two agricultural years (2009/10 and 2010/11). Treatments consisted of pruning applications to fine ( 8\u00a0cm in diameter) in the amounts indicated, I\u00a0=\u00a02.65\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 fine; II\u00a0=\u00a02.65\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 fine\u00a0+\u00a01.12\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 thick; III\u00a0=\u00a05.30\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 fine; IV\u00a0=\u00a05.30\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 fine\u00a0+\u00a02.24\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122 thick; and a control of spontaneous weeds.  The greatest loss of residue mass was recorded at the beginning of the sampling period. The estimated biomass loss in the first six months represented 37\u201350% of the total. After 704 days of decomposition, the soil maintained cover percentages of 62, 76, 74 and 88% for treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively.  The various treatments applied to pruning residues have been more effective at increasing the levels of soil organic matter (SOM) than spontaneous cover. SOM values on the surface (0\u20135\u00a0cm) rose by 0.86, 1.04, 1.28 and 1.52% for treatments I, II, III and IV in regard to the control treatment, maintaining this improvement in fertility at a depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm, where SOM increased by 0.43, 0.46, 0.84 and 0.47% for treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively, in regard to the control.  Considering all the soil sampled, the largest increase in SOM in regard to the initial content of the soil was achieved by treatment III, which contained the largest amount of fine residues, with 0.63%, compared to increases of 0.33, 0.29, 0.36 and 0.10% for treatments I, II, IV and spontaneous weeds, respectively.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.04.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.04.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.04.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.04.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "title": "Performance Of Two Winter Cover Crops And Their Impacts On Soil Properties And Two Subsequent Rice Crops In Dongting Lake Plain, Hunan, China", "description": "Abstract   Winter cover cropping is a common practice in paddy soils in southern China. This two year study (2008\u20132010) was undertaken to determine dry matter productivity and N uptake of two winter cover crops: ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum  Lam.) and Chinese milkvetch ( Astragalus sinicus  L.) and their effects on soil properties as well as two subsequent rice ( Oryza sativa  L.) crops in Dongting Lake Plain in Hunan, China. Cover crops were broadcast sown in October, approximately 10\u00a0d before the harvest of late rice. Ryegrass was first cut in March and finally harvested in April coincident with the plough of milkvetch. Two consecutive rice crops were grown following the cover crops without application of chemical N. Averaged over two years, ryegrass produced more aboveground dry matter and accumulated higher amounts of N than milkvetch (4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  vs. 2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , 128\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  vs. 71\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Compared to CK (bare fallow without weed), both ryegrass (RG) and milkvetch (CMV) treated plots had lower soil bulk density at 0\u201315\u00a0cm and 15\u201330\u00a0cm depths. At the harvest of cover crops, CMV increased soil NH 4  + -N concentration at 0\u201310\u00a0cm, 10\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201330\u00a0cm depths. In contrast, RG decreased soil NH 4  + -N and NO 3  \u2212 -N concentrations in the three depths. Averaged over four sampling dates in the double rice seasons in 2010, soil microbial biomass C was slightly different between RG (257\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ) and CMV (249\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ), and these were significantly higher than CK (218\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ). Soil microbial biomass N was highest for CMV (15.4\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ), followed by RG (11.3\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ) and CK (6.1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg \u22121 ). Grain yield and total N yield of early rice were 0.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  and 11\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  higher for CMV, respectively, and 1.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  and 20\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  lower for RG as compared with CK averaged over years. Grain yield and total N yield of late rice were not significantly affected by cover crops.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoping Xiao, Yuegao Hu, Li-mei Guo, Guang-Li Yang, Chunfang Xiao, Surya Acharya, Lixia Yi, Zhaohai Zeng, Gong Chen, Bo Zhu, Hai-Ming Tang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-26", "title": "Aggregate C Depletion By Plowing And Its Restoration By Diverse Biomass-C Inputs Under No-Till In Sub-Tropical And Tropical Regions Of Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Encapsulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) within aggregates is one of the principal mechanisms for long-term C sequestration, macroaggregate formation and stabilization. Our objectives were to quantify the changes in aggregate size distribution, aggregate-C concentrations and stocks upon conversion of native vegetation (NV) to conventional plow-based tillage (CT), and to assess the rate of aggregation and SOC recovery with no-till (NT) under diverse biomass-C inputs. The study was conducted at both sub-tropical (Ponta Grossa \u2013 PG, State of Parana) and tropical (Lucas do Rio Verde \u2013 LRV, State of Mato Grosso) sites in Brazil. The SOC content under NV was used as a baseline to evaluate the depletion rate under CT and the restoration rate under NT. A specific emphasis was given to the largest macroaggregate size class (8\u201319\u00a0mm) because of its importance to protecting the recently deposited labile SOC. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) indicated that NV soil is modified by conversion to an arable land use and that, mechanical tillage, biomass input, and their interactions drastically influence the distribution of aggregate-size classes, aggregation indices, and SOC distribution within aggregates. At both sites, soil aggregation indices were positively impacted by NT and associated with SOC concentration in the labile fractions (e.g., total polysaccharides (TPS), hot water extractable organic C (HWEOC), particulate organic C (POC)). At the PG site, the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregate size fraction was significantly affected by land use and tillage treatments and represented 54%, 43%, and 72%, under NV, CT, and NT in 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth, respectively. Furthermore, the 8\u201319\u00a0mm size fraction stored 55%, 45%, and 71% of the total SOC stock under NV (53.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), CT (28.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) and NT (51.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), respectively. At the LRV site, the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregate size fraction decreased from 50% under Cerrado NV to 35% under CT, and ranged from 33% to 51% under diverse biomass-C input under NT in 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. The 8\u201319\u00a0mm size fraction stored 52%, 37%, and 41% of the total SOC stock across all aggregate sizes under NV (25.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), CT (11.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), and NT (9.9\u201318.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ), respectively. The difference in SOC stock among land uses is largely attributed to storage in the 8\u201319\u00a0mm aggregate size class, indicating that NT cropping systems rebuilt the largest macroaggregates, which are crucial for stabilization of SOC.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "stockage", "01 natural sciences", "labour", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4650", "zone tropicale", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5568", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7427", "biomasse", "sol tropical", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_14658", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "zone subtropicale", "2. Zero hunger", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "13. Climate action", "unit\u00e9 structurale du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7979", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7195", "carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6021", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Soil Microbial Community Dynamics Over A Maize (Zea Mays L.) Growing Season Under Conventional- And No-Tillage Practices In A Rainfed Agroecosystem", "description": "A B S T R A C T Tillage practices affect soil microorganisms, which in turn influence many processes essential to the function and sustainability of soil. In this study, the changes in soil microbial biomass and community composition in response to conventional tillage (CT, moldboard plowing and post-harvest residue removal) and no-tillage (NT) practices were examined during a maize (Zea mays L.) growing season in a clay loam soil (Typic Hapludoll) in northeastern China. Soil samples were taken in May, June, July, August, and September of 2008 at 0\u20135, 5\u201310, and 10\u201320 cm depths. Microbial communities were characterized by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. While microbial biomass increased at the beginning then decreased toward the end of the growing season in CT soils, it showed the opposite trend in NT soils. Microbial community structure showed better distinction among sampling months than between tillage practices. These results suggest that seasonal variations in soil microbial communities could be greater than changes associated with tillage treatments. However, microbial biomass accumulation was tillage dependent. On average, NT treatment resulted in 21% higher microbial biomass in 0\u20135 cm depth than CT treatment (P < 0.05). Higher fungi to bacteria ratio was also observed under NT than CT treatment at both the 0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm sampling depths. These data demonstrate that examining the effect of management practices on soil quality based on soil microbial communities should consider seasonal changes in the environmental properties. It is strongly recommended that NT practice should be adopted as an effective component of an overall strategy to improve soil quality and sustainability in northeastern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-21", "title": "Effects Of Conservation Tillage On Soil Aggregation And Aggregate Binding Agents In Black Soil Of Northeast China", "description": "A B S T R A C T Tillage strongly affects the process of soil aggregate stabilization, which involves a variety of binding mechanisms interacting at a range of spatial scales. To understand how binding mechanisms interact to promote soil aggregation, the impacts of three tillage systems (no tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT)) on soil aggregate binding agents (i.e., organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs)) and aggregation were studied in the black soil of Northeast China. Compared with CT, RT increased all the aggregate-associated SOC, and NT only increased the SOC in the microaggregates. However, the contents of microbial biomass and GRSPs within bulk soil and different aggregate fractions were higher in NT and RT than in CT. Among the four aggregate fractions, greater values of SOC, microbial biomass and easily extractable GRSP (EEGRSP) were found in microaggregates and macroaggregates, respectively; while the total GRSP (TGRSP) was distributed equally among aggregate fractions. Structural equation modelling revealed that SOC, microbial biomass, and GRSPs accounted for 79% of the variation in soil aggregation. Soil organic carbon influenced aggregate stability indirectly through the effects on MBC and MBN. Microbial biomass and glomalin were more important driving factors for aggregate stability in the RT and NT systems. Our results suggest that conservation tillage (RT and NT) is beneficial for soil structure due to its positive effects on aggregation processes in black soil region of Northeast China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wenju Liang, Kai Wei, Shixiu Zhang, Qi Li, Xiaoping Zhang, Lijun Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-26", "title": "Impact Of Three And Seven Years Of No-Tillage On The Soil Water Storage, In The Plant Root Zone, Under A Dry Subhumid Tunisian Climate", "description": "Conservation agriculture based on no-tillage (CA/NT) becomes a current tendency to enhance crop productivity by improving: (i) soil quality, (ii) water management and (iii) organic supply. In Tunisia, the applicability of CA was poorly documented. This study was carried out to evaluate changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and water properties generated by seven (NT7) and three (NT3) years of applying NT as compared to conventional tillage (CT). On three adjacent large plots, a field experiment was established since the growing season 2000/01 under rain-fed conditions on a clay loam soil in a dry subhumid zone of North Tunisia. In NT3 plot, a cultivation of wheat/fava bean sequence was investigated and residues biomass of 500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 450\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 were left on the soil surface for wheat and fava bean, respectively. In NT7 plot, a cultivation of wheat/sulla sequence was investigated and residues biomass of 500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 700\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 were left on the soil surface for wheat and sulla, respectively. However for the CT plot, a moldboard plowing at approximately 20\u00a0cm depth was managed for continuous wheat production. The selected key parameters evaluated for a 0\u201330\u00a0cm soil profile were SOM, bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macro-porosity (MP), micro-porosity (mP), soil water retention at field capacity (FC) and at permanent wilting point (PWP), available water content (AWC) and soil moisture content (SMC).    NT7 have increased significantly (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) levels of SOM at the top 30\u00a0cm soil layer, which in turn enhanced BD and TP of soil as compared to CT. However, improvement of these parameters was restricted to 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer with NT3. Both NT3 and NT7 have increased considerably (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) mP at 0\u201330\u00a0cm thereby increasing soil water content at FC and PWP, whereas MP was remarkably reduced by NT treatments as compared to CT but reduction was less important in NT7 plot. AWC was significantly (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) higher in NT7 across the 30\u00a0cm profile while NT3 and CT have similar effect to each other. SMC was improved at different soil depths by NT system during the whole agricultural season and the highest content was found with NT3. Soil moisture values increased with increasing soil depth in both NT3 and NT7 indicating a good water infiltration induced by these treatments. Hence, water storage properties in rooting zone could be enhanced by NT7 and NT3 but water availability for plants was more important with NT7.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-26", "title": "Effect Of Organic Fertilizers And Reduced-Tillage On Soil Properties, Crop Nitrogen Response And Crop Yield: Results Of A 12-Year Experiment In Changins, Switzerland", "description": "Abstract   The combined effects of the nature of fertilizers (chemical and/or organic), splitting of manure inputs and tillage intensity (reduced or conventional) on soil properties, crop production and crop response to nitrogen (N) fertilization were studied in Changins, Switzerland between 1997 and 2009. Five main-treatments were tested in a split-plot design: (i) mineral fertilizer with reduced-tillage (MinRT), (ii) manure every year plus mineral fertilizer with reduced-tillage (Ma1RT), (iii) manure every year plus mineral fertilizer with conventional-tillage (Ma1CT), (iv) manure every three years plus mineral fertilizer with reduced-tillage (Ma3RT) and (v) slurry every year plus mineral fertilizer with reduced-tillage (Slu1RT). Sub-treatments included two levels of N-fertilization: an optimal dose (according to the Swiss fertilization guidelines) and a sub-fertilization (60% of the optimal dose). The soil was a Calcaric Cambisol with, in 1997, 20.5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  of soil organic matter (SOM) in the first twenty centimeters. After twelve years of experimentation, SOM contents were 19.8, 20.3, 21.3, 21.5, and 22.8\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  under respectively Ma1CT, MinRT, Ma1RT, Slu1RT and Ma3RT treatments. The main-treatments do not have a significant effect on SOM contents and chemical soil properties. When N-fertilization was non-limited (optimal dose) and manure was applied, tillage intensity had not significant effect on grain yield. When N-fertilization was non-limited with reduced tillage (RT), the crops in the treatments with organic fertilizers yielded 2\u201313% more grains (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  more for respectively rapeseed, spring cereal, maize and winter wheat) than those in treatments with mineral fertilizers only. The sub-fertilization (60% of the optimal dose) decreased the grain yields by 9, 13, 15, 7 and 16%, respectively, in MinRT, Ma3RT, Ma1RT, Ma1CT, Slu1RT. In conclusion, organic fertilizers and reduced tillage provide effective means to conserve soil fertility and crop production in the studied soil, although both enhance N fertilizer needs. Splitting manure applications into lower amounts annually did not bring any benefits to soil properties or crop production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-26", "title": "Twenty Two Years Of Tillage And Mulching Impacts On Soil Physical Characteristics And Carbon Sequestration In Central Ohio", "description": "Knowledge about the changes in carbon (C) concentration and mechanical and hydrological properties under different tillage and mulch treatments is necessary to assess the feasibility of adoption of conservation practices for sustaining productivity and protecting the environment. It is widely recognized that no-till (NT) farming conserves soil and water, saves energy, improves the environment and enhances soil quality. However, the magnitude and direction of tillage and mulch-induced changes are soil and site specific. Therefore, a field study was conducted on a long-term on-going experiment to evaluate the effects of three tillage {NT, ridge till (RT) and plow till (PT)} and three mulch rates (0, 8 and 16 Mg ha\u22121 yr\u22121) on soil physical properties and total C concentrations in macro (250\u20132000 \u03bcm) and micro (<250 \u03bcm) aggregates. The experiment was initiated in 1989 on a Crosby Silt Loam (Stagnic Luvisol) in Central Ohio. The data show positive effects of mulch rate on soil physical attributes and total C concentration under NT. Significant (P < 0.05) variations in bulk density (\u03c1b) and penetration resistance (PR) along with their interactions were observed among tillage and mulch treatments. The water infiltration capacity (ic) ranged from 1.2 cm h\u22121 (PT) to 4.6 cm h\u22121 (NT). With increase in mulch rate from 0 to 16 Mg ha\u22121, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for 0\u201310 cm depth increased from 1.78 to 3.37, 1.57 to 2.95 and 1.37 to 2.28 (\u00d710\u22122 cm h\u22121) under NT, RT and PT, respectively. Analyses of variance indicate significant interaction between tillage, mulch and soil depth for the Ks. Similarly, the mean weight diameter (MWD, mm) increased from 0.36 to 1.21, 0.29 to 0.84, 0.25 to 0.62 under NT, RT and PT, respectively, with increase in mulch rate from 0 to 16 Mg ha\u22121. Total C (%) increased from 1.26 to 1.50, 1.20 to 1.47 and 0.95 to 1.10 under NT, RT and PT, respectively, with increase in mulch rate from 0 to 16 Mg ha\u22121. Macro-aggregates (250\u20132000 \u03bcm) contained 30% more total C and N concentrations than microaggregates (<250 \u03bcm). Under NT, the soil showed a higher structural stability than PT with significantly lower compaction values. Further, with NT the soil showed a higher capacity to retain C than PT. Thus, long term use of NT along with mulch application enhances soil quality with respect to soil mechanical, hydrological properties along with carbon concentration in the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-26", "title": "Chemical And Biological Properties As Affected By No-Tillage And Conventional Tillage Systems In An Irrigated Haploxeroll Of Central Chile", "description": "Abstract   Soil management practices may change the soil properties. The magnitude of the change varies according to the soil property, the climate, and the type and time of implementation of a particular management system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of no-tillage (NT) on the chemical and biological properties of an Entic Haploxeroll in Central Chile. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass and associated indicators     q    CO  2      ,  q   Mic  ,  q   Min  , available N, P and K, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and crop yield were determined in a field experiment having a wheat ( Triticum turgidum  L.)\u2013maize ( Zea mays  L.) crop rotation. The change in soil chemical properties was further evaluated using a greenhouse bioassay in which ryegrass ( Lolium perenne  L.) was grown in soil samples extracted at 0\u20132, 2\u20135, and 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth. After nine years SOC in the NT treatment was 29.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  compared to 24.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  of CT, resulting in 4.98\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0C gain. The NT therefore resulted in an average annual sequestration of 0.55\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121  in the upper 15\u00a0cm soil. The soil organic C stored under NT was mainly accumulated in the top 2-cm of soil. The biological indicators showed a greater biological soil quality under NT than under CT. Soil organic C was positively associated with available N, P, and K, but negatively with soil pH. The ryegrass bioassay yielded higher biomass in NT than CT. An improvement in the soil chemical quality of the NT soil was considered to be the main reason for this result. The maize yield under NT had the tendency to improve in time as compared to CT. Wheat, however, had lower yield under NT. It was concluded that NT increased C sequestration and SOC improving the chemical and biological properties of this soil.", "keywords": ["SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-27", "title": "Under No-Tillage And Stubble Retention, Soil Water Content And Crop Growth Are Poorly Related To Soil Water Repellency", "description": "Abstract   In southern and western Australia up to 10 million hectares of farmed land is water repellent or at risk of developing repellency. The majority of these soils are sandy. Their high susceptibility to erosion has led to the adoption of practices such as no-tillage and stubble retention. However, retention of stubbles can lead to increases in soil organic matter and consequently aggravate soil water repellency. In a 4-year study on sandy soils on the south coast of Western Australia, soil organic C (LECO), soil water repellency (measured by the Molarity of Ethanol Drop (MED) method), soil water contents (using a hand held time domain reflectometer (TDR)) and crop performance (emergence and grain yields) were monitored in four treatment combinations; no-tillage, stubble retained or burnt; cultivated, stubble retained or burnt. Over time, higher levels of soil organic C were measured under no-tillage than cultivation, and under stubble retention than stubble burning. Soil water repellency followed a similar pattern to soil organic C with the most severe repellency under no-tillage and stubble retention and least under stubble burning and cultivation ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.67). However, soil water contents measured in the field contradicted the findings on water repellency and indicated that water infiltration was best under no-tillage and stubble retention and poorest under stubble burning and cultivation, and this impacted on crop performance. The results suggest that mechanisms other than just soil water repellency are involved in determining soil water content and crop performance. Visualisation of water infiltration using blue dye indicated that under no-tillage, old and current crop rows provide pathways for water movement in the soil, thereby by-passing the repellent surface layer. These findings challenge traditional thinking on soil water repellency and have implications for crop management.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.09.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.09.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-27", "title": "Soil Biochemical Properties In A Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystem As Affected By Long-Term Tillage And N Fertilization", "description": "Tillage and N fertilization practices contribute to the balance between soil C inputs and outputs. Thus, the impacts of both practices and their interactions on soil organic C (SOC) dynamics must be studied. The main objective of this study was to determine long-term effects of tillage and N fertilization on soil biochemical properties in a long-term experiment established in 1996 on a dryland Typic Xerofluvent soil cropped with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in NE Spain. The response of SOC concentration, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil enzyme activities (DHA, dehydrogenase, and PRA, protease) to different tillage (no-tillage, NT; reduced tillage, RT; and conventional tillage, CT) and N treatments (zero, 0 kg N ha\u22121; medium, 60 kg N ha\u22121; and high, 120 kg N ha\u22121) were measured in 2008 at four soil depths (i.e., 0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201325 and 25\u201350 cm). All the soil biochemical properties studied showed significant differences for tillage, depth and the interaction between tillage and soil depth. However, N fertilization rates only affected the SMBC content, which was greater under 120 kg N ha\u22121 than under 0 kg N ha\u22121 in the 10\u201325 cm soil layer. In the soil surface layer (0\u20135 cm), SOC, SMBC and DHA levels in CT were about 50% of the levels in the NT plots. However, in the 10\u201325 cm soil layer, a greater SOC concentration in CT compared with NT and RT was also accompanied by SMBC and DHA values 30% higher in CT. Below 25 cm soil depth, similar values of soil biochemical properties were found among tillage systems. There was a significant correlation among almost all the parameters studied, with the greatest correlations between SOC and SMBC and between SOC and DHA. In semiarid Mediterranean conditions, after 12 years of experiment, tillage impacted soil biochemical properties in a greater extent compared with N fertilization even though this effect was only limited to the upper soil layers. This work was supported by the Comisi\u00f3n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda of Spain (grants AGL2007-66320-CO2-01 and AGL2010-22050-CO3-01/02) and the European Union (FEDER funds).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Traditional tillage", "Dryland farming", "Soil microbial activity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-08", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Efficiency In Paddy Soil And Upland Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization In Southern China", "description": "Abstract   Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock can be improved through the return of crop residues. However, the efficiency of C sequestered in soil (i.e., \u0394SOC/\u0394C input) might differ among crop systems. In this paper, we investigated the C input and SOC stabilization in paddy soil and upland soil under different long-term fertilization practices. Our objectives were to determine (i) the response of SOC stock to C input under different fertilization practices, and (ii) C sequestration efficiency in the two contrasting agroecosystems. The long-term fertilization experiment in paddy soil started in 1981, while the adjacent upland soil experiment commenced in 1986. Each experiment consists of 9 treatments: CK (no fertilization), N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK (double dose), and NPKOM (NPK plus organic manure). Physical SOC fractions (cPOM, silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay_f, fPOM, iPOM_m, silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay_m) were isolated by sieving, dispersion, and density flotation. Fertilization increased crop yield and C input, but it did not change the quality of SOC as revealed by CPMAS- 13 C NMR spectra. During the period of the experiment, SOC stock was improved by 6.7\u201315.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  in paddy soil for all fertilization practices, while in upland soil the CK, N, P, K, and NP fertilizations reduced the SOC by 1.2\u20133.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121  and the other four fertilizations increased it by 0.5\u20137.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 . The change in SOC was mainly ascribed to the POM fraction, whereas the two silt\u00a0+\u00a0clay sized fractions were independent of fertilization practice except the NPKOM treatment. At a given C input, the C sequestration efficiency was greater in paddy soil than in upland soil, which may be attributed to lower microbial activity but greater chemical (i.e., oxalate-soluble Fe) and physical stabilizations (i.e., soil structure) in paddy field. Our results indicate that paddy soil may sequester more SOC, with higher efficiency, than upland soil does.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-07", "title": "Co-variation of silicate, carbonate and sulfide weathering drives CO2 release with erosion", "description": "Abstract<p>Global climate is thought to be modulated by the supply of minerals to Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s surface. Whereas silicate weathering removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, weathering of accessory carbonate and sulfide minerals is a geologically relevant source of CO2. Although these weathering pathways commonly operate side by side, we lack quantitative constraints on their co-variation across erosion rate gradients. Here we use stream-water chemistry across an erosion rate gradient of three orders of magnitude in shales and sandstones of southern Taiwan, and find that sulfide and carbonate weathering rates rise with increasing erosion, while silicate weathering rates remain steady. As a result, on timescales shorter than marine sulfide compensation (approximately 106\uffe2\uff80\uff93107 years), weathering in rapidly eroding terrain leads to net CO2 emission rates that are about twice as fast as CO2 sequestration rates in slow-eroding terrain. We propose that these weathering reactions are linked and that sulfuric acid generated from sulfide oxidation boosts carbonate solubility, whereas silicate weathering kinetics remain unaffected, possibly due to efficient buffering of the pH. We expect that these patterns are broadly applicable to many Cenozoic mountain ranges that expose marine metasediments.</p>", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00714-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Geoscience", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-24", "title": "Redistributions Of 137cs And Soil Components On Cultivated Hill Slopes With Hedgerows As Conservation Measures", "description": "Abstract    137 Cs tracing technique combined with soil composition characterization was used to investigate the mechanism and effectiveness of conservation measures for cultivated hill slopes of strongly weathered acidic Acrisol. The results of analysis of 66 soil samples taken across six plots showed much lower losses of  137 Cs, soil organic carbon (SOC), and nutrients in the four treatments of alley cropping with hedgerows compared to the two control treatments of bare land and without conservation measures. No-tillage cultivation combined with vetiver grass hedgerows was most effective in securing high levels of  137 Cs, SOC, N, P, K, and CEC while reducing considerably the contents of dissolved cations and anions. Within the plots of alley cropping,  137 Cs, SOC, nutrients, dissolved ions, and sand were accumulated in the areas immediately upslope of the hedgerows, whereas the clay content and bulk density were highest downslope of the hedgerows. SOC inversely correlates with clay in concurrence with observations for the soils derived from basaltic parent materials, in which clay minerals are predominated by kaolinite. The correlations of  137 Cs with dissolved Ca, Mg, and P indicate that in the highly leaching Acrisol  137 Cs may partly occur in the soil solution that is susceptible to leaching and loss. The interrelationships among soil components were interpreted as being driven by the redistribution of soil aggregates which were fractionated in situ according to their sizes and specific densities by erosion forces combined with tillage and conservation measures (hedgerows).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2012.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4500&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4500&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4450", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=is&offset=4550", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 14850, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T11:55:30.045347Z"}