{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-31", "description": "Interest in biochar (BC) has grown dramatically in recent years, due mainly to the fact that its incorporation into soil reportedly enhances carbon sequestration and fertility. Currently, BC types most under investigation are those obtained from organic matter (OM) of plant origin. As great amounts of manure solids are expected to become available in the near future, thanks to the development of technologies for the separation of the solid fraction of animal effluents, processing of manure solids for BC production seems an interesting possibility for the recycling of OM of high nutrient value. The aim of this study was to investigate carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient dynamics in soil amended with BC from dried swine manure solids. The experiment was carried out in laboratory microcosms on a silty clay soil. The effect on nutrient dynamics of interaction between BC and fresh digestate obtained from a biogas plant was also investigated to test the hypothesis that BC can retain nutrients. A comparison was made of the following treatments: soil amended with swine manure solids (LC), soil amended with charred swine manure solids (LT), soil amended with wood chip (CC), soil amended with charred wood chip (CT), soil with no amendment as control (Cs), each one of them with and without incorporation of digestate (D) for a total of 10 treatments. Biochar was obtained by treating OM (wood chip or swine manure) with moisture content of less than 10% at 420\u00b0C in anoxic conditions. The CO2-C release and organic C, available phosphorus (P) (Olsen P, POls) and inorganic (ammonium+nitrate) nitrogen (N) (Nmin) contents at the start and three months after the start of the experiment were measured in the amended and control soils. After three months of incubation at 30\u00b0C, the CO2-C emissions from soil with BC (CT and LT, \u00b1D) were the same as those in the control soil (Cs) and were lower than those in the soils with untreated amendments (CC and LC, \u00b1D). The organic C content decreased in CT and LT to a lesser extent than in CC and LC. In soils with D (+D), the CO2-C emissions were equal to or higher than those in soils without (-D). The Nmin content increased in all treatments; the POls content decreased in the +D treatments. The incorporation of BC into soil, by reducing CO2 emissions, actually contributes to C sequestration without modifying N availability for crops. For a given N content, the BC from swine manure solids supplies much more P than the non-treated OM and, therefore, represents an interesting source of P for crops.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "emissions", "Plant culture", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Italian%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "name": "item", "description": "10.4081/ija.2012.e26", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4081/ija.2012.e26"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:20:04Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-10-30", "title": "Knowledge gaps on trade-offs of soil carbon sequestration related to soil management strategies", "description": "The database contains 87 unique literature items (29 reviews, 42 meta-analyses, 16 original papers) describing the effect of a soil management strategy (tillage management, cropping systems, water management, cover crops, crop residues, livestock manure, slurry, compost, biochar, liming) on the trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration or SOC change and N2O emission, CH4 emission and nitrogen leaching. Since some literature items describe effects of several SMS categories, the database_summary tab comprises a total of 112 unique inputs. For each input it is indicated in the Database_summary tab if it was used as input for the 'Soil management effect assessment' in Maenhout et al. (2024) [Maenhout, P., Di Bene, C., Cayuela, M. L., Diaz-Pines, E., Govednik, A., Keuper, F., Mavsar, S., Mihelic, R., O'Toole, A., Schwarzmann, A., Suhadolc, M., Syp, A., & Valkama, E. (2024). Trade-offs and synergies of soil carbon sequestration: Addressing knowledge gaps related to soil management strategies. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(3), e13515. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13515] and/or to define knowledge gaps ('Knowledge gap in tab'-column). Knowledge gaps and research recommendations are gouped per soil management strategy in different tabs in this database. Per soil management strategy, knowledge gaps are clustered per theme in groups. These themes include: the specific soil management strategy, pedoclimatic conditions, establishment of experiments, other soil management strategies, meta-analysis, modelling and other", "keywords": ["Water management", "EJP SOIL", "Climate change mitigation", "Nitrogen leaching", "CH4", "Conservation agriculture", "Cropping systems", "SOMMIT", "N2O", "Organic matter inputs", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10959077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10959077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:20:22Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Turfgrass pedogenesis under low maintenance: an experimental analysis with Festuca rubra subspecies at different fertilization levels", "description": "unspecifiedThatchMatThickeness.csv (Frc = Festuca rubra commutata, Frt = Festuca rubra trichophylla, Frr = Festuca rubra rubra) spec = subspecies var = variety rep = replicate number Nfert = N fertilization (kg N ha-1) thatch1 = thatch thickness at 18-5-2018 (cm) thatch2 = thatch thickness at 26-10-2018 (cm) thatch3 = thatch thickness at 17-5-2019 (cm) thatch4 =\u00a0 thatch thickness at 29-10-2019 (cm) thatch5 = thatch thickness at 10-6-2020 (cm) thatch6 = thatch tcicknesss at 16-6-2021 (cm) mat1 = mat thickness at 18-5-2018 (cm) mat2 = mat thickness at 26-10-2018 (cm) mat3 = mat thickness at 17-5-2019 (cm) mat4 =\u00a0 mat thickness at 29-10-2019 (cm) mat5 = mat thickness at 10-6-2020 (cm) mat6 = mat tcicknesss at 16-6-2021 (cm)", "keywords": ["Festuca rubra", "festuca rubra", "fertilization", "carbon", "soil layers", "pedogenesis", "turfgrass", "microbes", "Turfgrass", "nitrogen", "Carbon", "organic matter"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Evers, Maurice, De Caluwe, Hannie, Visser, Eric J.W., De Kroon, Hans,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14252610"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14252610", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14252610"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:21:05Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis", "description": "Open AccessData description This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in \u201cThe effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)\u201d. Lists of five different types of land use change 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland 3) conversion of cropland to forest 4) conversion of grassland to forest 5) conversion of grassland to cropland Lists of detailed information Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) Altitude (m) Climate zone Weather [rainfall (mm yr-1) and temperature (\u00b0C)] Reported time of change (years) Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC) Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change) Soil sampling depth (cm) Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)] Reference Data collection method We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland. We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases. While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation. When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents. Acknowledgements We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand\u2019s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "land-use change", " greenhouse gas emissions", " soil", " carbon", " nitrogen", " phosphorus", " stoichiometry", " time", " temperature", " rainfall", " forest type", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7656722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7656722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11369/372709", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-07", "title": "Soil resources and element stocks in drylands to face global issues", "description": "Abstract

Drylands (hyperarid, arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid ecosystems) cover almost half of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s land surface and are highly vulnerable to environmental pressures. Here we provide an inventory of soil properties including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks within the current boundaries of drylands, aimed at serving as a benchmark in the face of future challenges including increased population, food security, desertification, and climate change. Aridity limits plant production and results in poorly developed soils, with coarse texture, low C:N and C:P, scarce organic matter, and high vulnerability to erosion. Dryland soils store 646 Pg of organic C to 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m, the equivalent of 32% of the global soil organic C pool. The magnitude of the historic loss of C from dryland soils due to human land use and cover change and their typically low C:N and C:P suggest high potential to build up soil organic matter, but coarse soil textures may limit protection and stabilization processes. Restoring, preserving, and increasing soil organic matter in drylands may help slow down rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering C, and is strongly needed to enhance food security and reduce the risk of land degradation and desertification.Soils are being degraded at an alarming rate and thereby also crucial ecosystem goods and services. Nitrogen (N) enrichment is a major driver of this degradation. While the negative impacts of N enrichment on vegetation are well known globally, those on various ecological interactions, and on ecosystem functioning, remain largely unknown. Because Mediterranean ecosystems are N limited, they are good model systems for evaluating how N enrichment impacts not only vegetation but also ecological partnerships and ecosystem functioning. Using a 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N\uffe2\uff80\uff90manipulation (dose and form) field experiment running in a Mediterranean Basin maquis located in a region with naturally low ambient N deposition (<4\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921), we assessed the impacts of the N additions on (i) the dominant plant species (photosynthetic N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency); (ii) plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil ecological partnerships with ectomycorrhiza and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90fixing bacteria; and (iii) ecosystem degradation (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, biological mineral weathering and soil N fixation). N additions significantly disrupted plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil cover, plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil biotic interactions, and ecosystem functioning compared with ambient N deposition conditions. However, the higher the ammonium dose (alone or with nitrate), the more drastic these disruptions were. We report a critical threshold at 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340\uffc2\uffa0kg ammonium ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921 whereby severe ecosystem degradation can be expected. These observations are critical to help explain the mechanisms behind ecosystem degradation, to describe the collective loss of organisms and multifunction in the landscape, and to predict potential fragmentation of Mediterranean maquis under conditions of unrelieved N enrichment. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.2) and methane (CH4) production and consumption. In this study, we examined the combined effect of a reduction in precipitation and an increase in nutrient availability on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a primary French Guiana tropical forest. Drought conditions were simulated by intercepting precipitation falling through the forest canopy with tarpaulin roofs. Nutrient availability was manipulated through application of granular N and / or phosphorus (P) fertilizer to the soil. Soil water content (SWC) below the roofs decreased rapidly and stayed at continuously low values until roof removal, which as a consequence roughly doubled the duration of the dry season. After roof removal, SWC slowly increased but remained lower than in the control soils even after 2.5 months of wet-season precipitation. We showed that drought-imposed reduction in SWC decreased the CO2 emissions (i.e CO2 efflux), but strongly increased the CH4 emissions. N, P and N \u00d7 P (i.e. NP) additions all significantly increased CO2 emission but had no effect on CH4 fluxes. In treatments where both fertilization and drought were applied, the positive effect of N, P and NP fertilization on CO2 efflux was reduced. After roof removal, soil CO2 efflux was more resilient in the control plots than in the fertilized plots while there was only a modest effect of roof removal on soil CH4 fluxes. Our results suggest that a combined increase in drought and nutrient availability in soil can locally increase the emissions of both CO2 and CH4 from tropical soils, for a long term.", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "550", "Nitrogen", "soil GHG fluxes", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Tropical forest", "GE1-350", "phosphorus", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Chemistry", "Carbon dioxide", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil GHG fluxes", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-20", "title": "Impacts Of Lucc On Soil Properties In The Riparian Zones Of Desert Oasis With Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study Of The Middle Heihe River Basin, China", "description": "Large-scale changes in land use and land cover over long timescales can induce significant variations in soil physicochemical properties, particularly in the riparian zones of arid regions. Frequent reclamation of wetlands and grasslands and intensive agricultural activity have induced significant changes in both land use/cover and soil physicochemical properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin of China. The present study aims to explore whether land use/land cover change (LUCC) can well explain the variations in soil properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin. To achieve this, we mapped LUCC and quantified the type of land use change using remote sensing images, topographic maps, and GIS analysis techniques. Forty-two sites were selected for soil and vegetation sampling. Then, physical and chemical experiments were employed to determine soil moisture, soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorous. The Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test, principal component analysis, and a scatter matrix were used to analyze the effects of LUCC on soil properties. The results indicate that the majority of the parameters investigated were affected significantly by LUCC. In particular, soil moisture and soil organic carbon can be explained well by land cover change and land use change, respectively. Furthermore, changes in soil moisture could be attributed primarily to land cover changes. Changes in soil organic carbon were correlated closely with the following land use change types: wetlands-arable, forest-grasslands, and grasslands-desert. Other parameters, including pH and total K, were also found to exhibit significant correlations with LUCC. However, changes in soil nutrients were shown to be induced most probably by human agricultural activity (i.e. fertilize, irrigation, tillage, etc.), rather than by simple conversions from one land use/cover types to the others.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Remote Sensing Technology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-03", "title": "\u03b415N of lichens reflects the isotopic signature of ammonia source", "description": "Although it is generally accepted that \u03b415N in lichen reflects predominating N isotope sources in the environment, confirmation of the direct correlation between lichen \u03b415N and atmospheric \u03b415N is still missing, especially under field conditions with most confounding factors controlled. To fill this gap and investigate the response of lichens with different tolerance to atmospheric N deposition, thalli of the sensitive Evernia prunastri and the tolerant Xanthoria parietina were exposed for ten weeks to different forms and doses of N in a field manipulation experiment where confounding factors were minimized. During this period, several parameters, namely total N, \u03b415N and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were measured. Under the experimental conditions, \u03b415N in lichens quantitatively responded to the \u03b415N of released gaseous ammonia (NH3). Although a high correlation between the isotopic signatures in lichen tissue and supplied N was found both in tolerant and sensitive species, chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that the sensitive species very soon lost its photosynthetic functionality with increasing N availability. The most damaging response to the different N chemical forms was observed with dry deposition of NH3, although wet deposition of ammonium ions had a significant observable physiological impact. Conversely, there was no significant effect of nitrate ions on chlorophyll a fluorescence, implying differential sensitivity to dry deposition versus wet deposition and to ammonium versus nitrate in wet deposition. Evernia prunastri was most sensitive to NH3, then NH4+, with lowest sensitivity to NO3-. Moreover, these results confirm that lichen \u03b415N can be used to indicate the \u03b415N of atmospheric ammonia, providing a suitable tool for the interpretation of the spatial distribution of NH3 sources in relation to their \u03b415N signal.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "Nitrates", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Chlorophyll A", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "chlorophyll a fluorescence", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen deposition", "Xanthoria parietina", "Species Specificity", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "source spatial distribution", "biomonitoring", "physiological response", "Photosynthesis", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to in situ net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding 14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of 14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of 14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of 14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Stocks In A Vertisol Following 40 Years Of No-Tillage, Crop Residue Retention And Nitrogen Fertilisation", "description": "Abstract Conservation agricultural practices such as no-till (NT) and crop residue retention (CRR), and nutrient application, increases soil organic C (SOC) and are considered effective measures of C sequestration in soil. However, long-term effects of individual components of conservation agriculture and their interactions on SOC are rarely evaluated; as a result, conflicting findings of these practices on SOC are reported in the literature. We measured SOC and soil total N in a balanced factorial experiment, conducted on a Vertisol, consisting of tillage practices (conventional mechanical tillage, CT; and no-tillage, NT), crop residue management (crop residue burned, CRB; and crop residue retained, CRR) and N fertiliser application (no N, 30\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ; and 90\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). The site, in a semiarid subtropical region, was cropped with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) except for 3 years of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), for 40 years using conservation practices. In general, tillage effects on SOC and soil total N were small. Crop residue and N fertiliser interactively increased SOC and total N stocks at 0\u20130.1\u00a0m depth and cumulative stocks at 0\u20130.2\u00a0m and 0\u20130.3\u00a0m depths; that is, CRR increased SOC and soil total N only when N fertiliser was applied, and fertilisation increased SOC and soil total N only under CRR treatment. Depletion of \u03b4 13 C values in CRR treatments and \u03b4 15 N values in N treatments strongly indicated the contribution of crop residue (and root biomass) and N fertiliser to soil organic matter in this Vertisol. From this study and previous findings from this site, it appears, however, the effects of crop residue retention and N fertiliser occurred in early years, and did not continually increase SOC and total soil N with increasing period of conservation practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "Land capability and soil productivity", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.12.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-23", "title": "Effect Of Soil Warming And Rainfall Patterns On Soil N Cycling In Northern Europe", "description": "Abstract With climate change northern Europe is expected to experience extreme increase in air temperatures, particularly during the winter months, influencing soil temperatures in these regions. Climate change is also projected to influence the rainfall amount, and its inter- and intra-annual variability. These changes may affect soil moisture regimes, soil water drainage, soil nitrogen (N) availability and N leaching to aquatic environment and N2O emissions to atmosphere. Thus it is important to study the effects of increased soil temperature and varying rainfall patterns on soil N cycling in arable land from temperate climates, which is a major source of N pollution. An open-field lysimeter study was carried out during 2008\u20132009 in Denmark on loamy sand soil (Typic Hapludult) with three factors: number of rainy days, rainfall amount and soil warming. Number of rainy days included the mean monthly rainy days for 1961\u20131990 as \u2018normal\u2019 and half the number of rainy days of former as \u2018reduced\u2019 treatments. Rainfall amount included mean monthly rainfall for 1961\u20131990 as \u2018present\u2019 and the projected change in mean monthly rainfall for 2071\u20132100 as \u2018future\u2019 treatments. Soil warming included increase in soil temperature by 5\u00a0\u00b0C at 0.1\u00a0m depth as \u2018heated\u2019 and non-heated as \u2018control\u2019 treatments. Automated mobile rain-out shelter and irrigation system, and insulated buried heating cables were used to impose the treatments. Soil warming, compared with unheated control, advanced winter wheat crop development, and increased the above-ground biomass and N uptake only during vegetative stage, but shortened the total crop growing period by 12 days without reducing the total above-ground biomass. Rainfall amount and rainy days treatments increased the drainage, 46% and 10%, respectively, but did not have additive effect on the drainage. In contrast, soil warming increased crop evapotranspiration (18%) and reduced drainage (41%). The projected future rainfall amount increased NO3-N leaching (289%) compared with present rainfall amount. The study showed significant interaction between soil warming and rainfall amount (P", "keywords": ["Nitrate leaching", "Winter wheat", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "BRIC", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "Drainage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/Bric", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-12", "title": "Land conversion from annual to perennial crops: A win-win strategy for biomass yield and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen sequestration", "description": "

How much can we increase biomass yield by promoting land conversion from annual to perennial crops? Will increased biomass extraction for biorefineries reduce soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stock? Which cropping system is more stable for biomass production over time? To our knowledge, no study has concurrently investigated the effects of land conversion from annual to perennial crops on biomass yield, yield stability, and changes in SOC and TN stock, which limits the understanding and application of sustainable agroecosystems producing biomass for biorefineries. Based on five-year continuous observations in central Jutland Denmark, our results showed that perennial crops significantly increased biomass yield by 19% and yield stability by 88% compared to annual crops. Perennial crops significantly increased SOC content by 4% and SOC stock by 11% at 0\u2013100 cm depth across the five years. The opposite responses of SOC content and stock under annual and perennial crops led to even more significant differences between the crop types. Perennial crops had no effect on soil TN content and increased soil TN stock to one meter depth by 22%, whereas continuous annual crops had no effect on it. Neither annual nor perennial crops had effects on SOC and TN stock when estimated based on equivalent soil mass because the soil density increased under perennial crops. Our results showed that changes in SOC and TN stock between annual and perennial crops varied with the specific calculating methods (fixed depth/equivalent mass), thus the selected methods should be clearly defined in the future research. Increases in SOC content at one meter depth were positively correlated with biomass yield and yield stability, suggesting a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and food security. Altogether, our results highlight the potential to redesign the current cropping system for sustainable intensification by selecting proper perennial crops for green biorefineries.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield stability", "Sustainable agroecosystem", "13. Climate action", "Annual crop", "Biomass yield", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Perennial crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107907"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Long-Term P And K Fertilisation Strategies And Balances Affect Soil Availability Indices, Crop Yield Depression Risk And N Use", "description": "The last century has seen a large increase of fertiliser use, along with a subsequent rise of crop productivity. However, in many places its intensive use has become a burden to the environment, and legislation has been introduced to restrict nutrient applications. In combination with changing production scenarios as a result of climate change, this means an improved understanding is needed of how low nutrient availability and climatic stress factors affect yields and yield stability.We examined the long-term effects mineral and organic fertilisation on a nutrient-depleted field, and observed large annual variations: depending on the year, average spring barley yields under unfertilised management (U) were between 17-75% lower than the reference N1/2P1/2K1/2 (60-10-60 kg ha(-1)). Yields increased up to 174% under N1P1K1 (120-20-120 kg ha(-1)), while animal manure applications at an N availability level corresponding to N-1 were between 79 and 137%. No temporal yield trends could be observed, but long-term changes of Olsen-P and exchangeable K were related to the nutrient balances (inputs-offtake) (r(2) = 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, P < 0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the treatments in combination with annual weather variations. The results could be split into two outcomes, 1) a general relation between yields and temperatures for the periods of early spring (P < 0.01, multiple R-2 = 0.31) and summer (P < 0.001, multiple R-2 =0.45), and 2) an interaction between temperature and nutrient applications during crop establishment, leading to a diverse response of relative yields (P < 0.001 multiple R-2 =0.64), i.e. relative yield losses under the unfertilised treatment (U) were greater in years with lower spring temperatures, and, conversely, the increased nutrient availability in the fully mineral and organically fertilised treatments could partially alleviate the negative effects.After 13 years of repeated fertilisation, inputs were suspended for a single year and only N was applied to evaluate the residual effects. Yields were significantly affected by the different fertilisation histories (P < 0.001). Likewise, apparent nitrogen recovery tended to improve with previous inputs, but the observations were highly variable.Overall, the analyses agree with the notion that brief periods of stress at a critical stage may significantly affect yields, and confirmed that management of sufficient nutrient availability is critical for maintaining high and stable yields. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Manure Application", "Yield stability", "550", "Temperature", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Phosphorus", "Partial nutrient balance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Mediterranean Conditions", "6. Clean water", "Loamy Sand", "Field Experiments", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "Nutrient use efficiency", "Responses", "Nutrient deficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Winter-Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10346452", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:24:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-29", "title": "Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Accumulation and Nitrogen Leaching as Affected by Legume Crop Residues on Sandy Loam in the Eastern Baltic Region", "description": "

Legumes have a wide range of positive effects on soil properties, including nitrogen and carbon storage, soil structure and the phytosanitary condition of crops. From an agronomic point of view, legumes are most valued for their ability to take up atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of legume residues (peas, fodder beans, narrow-leaved lupins) on the N (Ntotal) and organic carbon (Corg) accumulation in soil and N leaching under temperate climate conditions. The experiment was carried out in lysimetric equipment in 2016\u20132023. The effect of legumes on Corg and Ntotal accumulation in soil and N leaching were studied in a Fabaceae\u2013Cereals sequence. Three species of legumes\u2014peas, fodder beans and narrow-leaved lupines\u2014were tested; spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown as a control treatment. The lysimeter surface area was 1.75 m2 and the experimental soil layer was 0.60 m (sand loam Haplic Luvisol). It was found that after harvesting, more residues were incorporated into the soil with lupines (p < 0.05), which, compared to pea and bean residues, increased Ntotal and Corg concentrations in the soil. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.95) between the Ntotal concentration in the soil and the N amount incorporated with residues. Mineral N released during residue decomposition was leached from the humic horizon under conditions of excess moisture in the autumn\u2013winter period and increased the nitrate concentration in the lysimeter water. The increase in concentration was recorded within 5 to 6 months after the application of the residues. As a result, the N leaching losses increased on average by 24.7\u201333.2% (p < 0.05) during the year of legume cultivation. In the following year, after legume residue incorporation, the effect of residues on nitrate concentration and N leaching decreased and did not differ significantly from that of barley residues.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "leaching", "below-ground biomass", "organic carbon", "QK1-989", "Botany", "nitrogen; organic carbon; leaching; above-ground biomass; below-ground biomass", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "Article", "above-ground biomass"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tripolskaja, Liudmila, Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice, Asta, Razukas, Almantas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2478/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/13/2478/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10346452"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10346452", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10346452", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10346452"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Full Accounting Of The Greenhouse Gas (Co2, N2o, Ch4) Budget Of Nine European Grassland Sites", "description": "The full greenhouse gas balance of nine contrasted grassland sites covering a major climatic gradient over Europe was measured during two complete years. The sites include awide range ofmanagement regimes (rotational grazing, continuous grazing andmowing), the three main types of managed grasslands across Europe (sown, intensive permanent and semi-natural grassland) and contrasted nitrogen fertilizer supplies. At all sites, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was assessed using the eddy covariance technique.N2Oemissions weremonitored using various techniques (GC-cuvette systems, automated chambers and tunable diode laser) and CH4 emissions resulting from enteric fermentation of the grazing cattle were measured in situ at four sites using the SF6 tracer method. Hence, when expressed in CO2-C equivalents, emissions of N2O and CH4 resulted in a 19% offset of the NEE sink activity. An attributedGHG balance has been calculated by subtracting fromthe NBP: (i)N2OandCH4 emissions occurring within the grassland plot and (ii) off-site emissions ofCO2 andCH4 as a result of the digestion and enteric fermentation by cattle of the cut herbage.The net exchanges by the grassland ecosystems of CO2 and of GHG were highly correlated with the difference in carbon used by grazing versus cutting, indicating that cut grasslands have a greater on-site sink activity than grazed grasslands. However, the net biome productivity was significantly correlated to the total C used by grazing and cutting, indicating that, on average, net carbon storage declines with herbage utilisation for herbivores", "keywords": ["Livestock", "330", "net ecosystem exchange", "NITROUS OXIDE", "native tallgrass prairie", "GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE", "Nitrogen cycle", "Carbon sequestration;", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxide", "primary productivity", "METHANE", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "NITROGEN CYCLE", "nitrogen cycle", "soil carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "land management", "LIVESTOCK", "sequestration", "livestock grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "nitrous-oxide emissions", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Nitrous oxide;", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "environment", "Methane", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-14", "title": "Soil Fertility Management: Impacts On Soil Macrofauna, Soil Aggregation And Soil Organic Matter Allocation", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic matter through integrated soil fertility management is important for soil quality and agricultural productivity, and for the persistence of soil faunal diversity and biomass. Little is known about the interactive effects of soil fertility management and soil macrofauna diversity on soil aggregation and SOM dynamics in tropical arable cropping systems. A study was conducted in a long-term trial at Kabete, Central Kenya, to investigate the effects of organic inputs (maize stover or manure) and inorganic fertilizers on soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity, water stable aggregation, whole soil and aggregate-associated organic C and N, as well as the relations between these variables. Differently managed arable systems were compared to a long-term green fallow system representing a relatively undisturbed reference. Fallowing, and application of farm yard manure (FYM) in combination with fertilizer, significantly enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass as well as aggregate stability and C and N pools in the top 15 cm of the soil. Earthworm abundance significantly negatively correlated with the percentage of total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates, but all earthworm parameters positively correlated with whole soil and aggregate associated C and N, unlike termite parameters. Factor analysis showed that 35.3% of the total sample variation in aggregation and C and N in total soil and aggregate fractions was explained by earthworm parameters, and 25.5% by termite parameters. Multiple regression analysis confirmed this outcome. The negative correlation between earthworm abundance and total macroaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregate could be linked to the presence of high numbers of Nematogenia lacuum in the arable treatments without organic amendments, an endogeic species that feeds on excrements of other larger epigeic worms and produces small excrements. Under the conditions studied, differences in earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were more important drivers of management-induced changes in aggregate stability and soil C and N pools than differences in termite populations. Highlights ? Application of farm yard manure + fertilizer improved aggregate stability and C and N stabilization in soil. ? Application of maize stover did not improve soil aggregation and C and N stabilization. ? Farm yard manure + fertilizer application enhanced earthworm diversity and biomass. ? Higher earthworm diversity and biomass enhanced aggregate and C and N stabilization. ? Earthworms were more important drivers of aggregate and C and N stabilization than termites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nitrogenous fertilizers", "carbon", "input management", "dynamics", "feeding termite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "fungus-growing termites", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "physical-properties", "agricultural soils", "microaggregate formation", "earthworm activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.202000183", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-09", "title": "Effects of water deficit and nitrogen application on leaf gas exchange, phytohormone signaling, biomass and water use efficiency of oat plants", "description": "Abstract

Background: Water and nitrogen (N) are essential resources influencing plant growth and yield. To improve their efficiencies in crop production is challenging because the physiological mechanisms of water and N coupling and their interactive effect on crop water use efficiency (WUE) are not well understood yet.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and phytohormones signaling in oats in response to soil water status and N supply under fertigation, to explore the mechanisms regulating plant growth and WUE.

Methods: Oat plants were subjected to the factorial combination of three soil moisture regimes (50, 70, and 90% of soil water holding capacity, SWHC) and three N levels (fertilized with 74, 149, and 298 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921).

Results: The stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by soil water deficit, and also by the highest N level, whereas photosynthesis rate (An) was unaffected by neither water nor N. Consequently, intrinsic WUE (WUEint, An/gs) was highest under reduced irrigation and high N fertilization. This effect at stomatal level was affirmed by responses in whole plant WUE (WUEb), which was positively correlated with shoot \uffce\uffb413C. A positive correlation between \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C in shoots further indicated that decreases of gs rather than changes in An contributed to the enhanced WUE.

Conclusion: Moderate soil water deficit and sufficient N supply is recommended for saving irrigation water and improving WUE on fertigated oat plants without compromising biomass accumulation to any large extent.Decades of fire suppression following extensive timber harvesting have left much of the forest in the intermountain western United States exceedingly dense, and forest restoration techniques (i.e., thinning and prescribed fire) are increasingly being used in an attempt to mitigate the effects of severe wildfire, to enhance tree growth and regeneration, and to stimulate soil nutrient cycling. While many of the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of forest restoration have been established, the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects on soil biogeochemical and ecosystem processes are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of commonly used forest restoration treatments (thinning, burning, and thinning\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0burning) on nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes 11\uffc2\uffa0yr after restoration treatments were implemented in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosavar.scopulorum)/Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.glauca) forest at the Lubrecht Fire and Fire Surrogates Study (FFS) site in western Montana, USA. Despite short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (<3\uffc2\uffa0yr) increases in soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and N cycling rates following prescribed fire, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil N pools and N mineralization rates showed only subtle differences from untreated control plots. Similarly, despite a persistent positive correlation between fuels consumed in prescribed burns and several metrics of N cycling, variability in inorganic N pools decreased significantly since treatments were implemented, indicating a decline in N spatial heterogeneity through time. However, rates of net nitrification remain significantly higher in a thin + burn treatment relative to other treatments. Short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term declines in forest floor carbon (C) pools have persisted in the thin\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0burn treatment, but there were no significant long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term differences among treatments in extractable soil phosphorus (P). Finally, despite some short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term differences, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term foliar nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition rates, and rates of free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living N fixation in the experimental plots were not different from control plots, suggesting nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes in temperate coniferous forests are resilient to disturbance following long periods of fire suppression. Overall, this study provides forest managers and policymakers valuable information showing that the effects of these commonly used restoration prescriptions on soil nutrient cycling are ephemeral and that use of repeated treatments (i.e., frequent fire) will be necessary to ensure continued restoration success.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Canada", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Tracheophyta", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michael J. Gundale, Rachel E. Becknell, Peter W. Ganzlin, Cory C. Cleveland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/15-1100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/15-1100", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/15-1100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/15-1100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-10", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Grazing Intensity On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND

Little is known about how basic soil properties respond to contrasting grazing intensities in the Karoo biome, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate impacts of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>75 years) grazing at 1.18 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (heavy; CGH), 0.78 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (light; CGL), and exclosure on selected soil properties. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 60 cm from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental site of Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape. The samples were analyzed for C, N, bulk density and infiltration rate, among others.

RESULTS

Generally, heavy and light grazing reduced soil N storage by 27.5% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with the exclosure. Animal exclusion improved water infiltration rate and C stocks significantly (P < 0.05), which was 0.128, 0.097, and 0.093 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for exclosure, CGL and CGH, respectively. Soil penetration resistance was higher for grazing treatments in the top 3\uffe2\uff80\uff937 cm soil layer but for exclosure at the top 1 cm soil surface.

CONCLUSION

Although livestock exclusion has the potential to improve C sequestration, a sufficient resting period for 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 years followed by three consecutive grazing years at light stocking rate would be ideal for sustainable livestock production in this arid region of South Africa. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["570", "Livestock", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "continuous grazing", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Soil", "South Africa", "arid lands", "Animals", "exclosure", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "soil properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-12", "title": "Moss\u2010cyanobacteria associations: A model for studying symbiotic interactions and evolutionary strategies", "keywords": ["forests", "mosses", "non-vascular plants", "nitrogen fixation", "symbioses", "On the Nature of Things", "cyanobacteria", "model organisms"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kathrin Rousk", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70086"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ajb2.70086", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ajb2.70086"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-21", "title": "Soil chemistry turned upside down: a meta\u2010analysis of invasive earthworm effects on soil chemical properties", "description": "Abstract

Recent studies have shown that invasive earthworms can dramatically reduce native biodiversity, both above and below the ground. However, we still lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these changes, such as whether earthworm effects on soil chemical properties drive such relationships. Here, we investigated the effects of invasive earthworms on soil chemical properties (pH, water content, and the stocks and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) by conducting a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis. Invasive earthworms generally increased soil pH, indicating that the removal of organic layers and the upward transport of more base\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich mineral soil caused a shift in soil pH. Moreover, earthworms significantly decreased soil water content, suggesting that the burrowing activities of earthworms may have increased water infiltration of and/or increased evapotranspiration from soil. Notably, invasive earthworms had opposing effects on organic and mineral soil for carbon and nitrogen stocks, with decreases in organic, and increases in mineral soil. Nitrogen fluxes were higher in mineral soil, whereas fluxes in organic soil were not significantly affected by the presence of invasive earthworms, indicating that earthworms mobilize and redistribute nutrients among soil layers and increase overall nitrogen loss from the soil. Invasive earthworm effects on element stocks increased with ecological group richness only in organic soil. Earthworms further decreased ammonium stocks with negligible effects on nitrate stocks in organic soil, whereas they increased nitrate stocks but not ammonium stocks in mineral soil. Notably, all of these results were consistent across forest and grassland ecosystems underlining the generality of our findings. However, we found some significant differences between studies that were conducted in the field (observational and experimental settings) and in the lab, such as that the effects on soil pH decreased from field to lab settings, calling for a careful interpretation of lab findings. Our meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis provides strong empirical evidence that earthworm invasion may lead to substantial changes in soil chemical properties and element cycling in soil. Furthermore, our results can help explain the dramatic effects of invasive earthworms on native biodiversity, for example, shifts towards the dominance of grass species over herbaceous ones, as shown by recent meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analyses.

", "keywords": ["Element flux", "Nitrogen", "Earthworm ecological group", "Forests", "Nitrate", "exotic earthworms", "Nutrient cycling", "nitrogen", "Article", "earthworm ecological group", "Soil", "nitrate", "Animals", "phosphorus", "soil carbon", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "water content", "Exotic earthworms", "2. Zero hunger", "Water content", "Plan_S-Compliant-TA", "pH", "nutrient cycling", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Soil carbon", "nitrification", "ammonium", "13. Climate action", "international", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "element flux", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.2936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.2936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.9322", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-22", "title": "Impacts of insect frass and cadavers on soil surface litter decomposition along a tropical forest temperature gradient", "description": "Abstract

Insect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3\uffc2\uffb0C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate ambient (Control\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0no amendment), moderate (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90Low\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa02\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level), or severe (Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa011\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff89Control level) insect outbreak events. Multiple sets of these litterbags were deployed across the MAT gradient, with individual litterbags collected periodically over one\uffe2\uff80\uff89year to assess how rising MAT altered the effects of insect deposits on litter decomposition rates and nitrogen (N) release. Increased MAT and insect inputs additively increased litter decomposition rates and N immobilization rates, with effects being stronger for Amended\uffe2\uff80\uff90High litterbags. However, the apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of litter decomposition was not clearly affected by amendments. The effects of adding insect deposits in this study operated differently than the slower litter decomposition and greater N mobilization rates often observed in experiments which use chemical fertilizers (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate). Further research is required to understand mechanistic differences between amendment types. Potential increases in outbreak\uffe2\uff80\uff90related herbivore deposits coupled with climate warming will accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates with short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon storage in tropical montane wet forests.Changes in substrate quality driven by climate, land use, or other forms of global change may represent a strong selective force on microbial communities. Invasion of new taxa into a community through dispersal, evolution, or recolonization could impact the outcome of this environmental selection. Here, we simulated substrate change with a trait\uffe2\uff80\uff90based model of microbial litter decomposition (DEMENTpy) to assess the legacy effects of past substrate quality and the impact of selection by a new substrate on community decomposition activity. Simulations were run with different levels of invasion, including invasion from communities long\uffe2\uff80\uff90adapted to the new substrate. Legacy effects were evident with substrate change for native communities differing in composition. Protein was the only substrate that exerted a strong enough selective force to affect community composition. Legacy effects disappeared when invaders came from substrates similar to the new substrate. Together, our simulations demonstrate that substrate quality changes associated with global change can lead to legacy effects on substrate degradation. In decomposing plant litter, such legacy effects can occur if substrate inputs shift to higher protein content and if invasion is low.Ecosystems often show differential sensitivity to chronic nitrogen (N) deposition; hence, a critical challenge is to improve our understanding of how and why site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific factors mediate biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. We examined the extent to which N impacts on soil carbon (C) and N dynamics depend on microbial resource stoichiometry. We added N to forest plots dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in organic N and relatively wide C:N ratios, and adjacent forest plots dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in inorganic N and relatively narrow C:N ratios. While microbes in both plot types exhibited fairly strict biomass homeostasis, microbes in AM\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ECM\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated plots differed in their physiological responses to N addition. Microbes in ECM plots responded to N enrichment by decreasing their investment in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes (relative to C\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes) and increasing N mineralization rates (relative to C mineralization rates), suggesting that N addition alleviated microbial N demand. In contrast, heterotrophic microbial activities in AM plots were unaffected by N addition, most likely as a result of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in net nitrification (60% increase relative to control plots) and nitrate mobilization (e.g., sixfold increases in mobilization relative to control plots). Combined, our findings suggest the stoichiometric differences between AM and ECM soils are the primary drivers of the observed responses. Plant and microbial communities characterized by wide C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in decomposition and soil C dynamics, whereas communities characterized by narrow C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced nitrate leaching losses. Hence, the biogeochemical consequences of N deposition in temperate forests may be driven by the stoichiometry of the dominant trees and their associated microbes.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-06-15", "title": "Microbial Community Structure And Oxidative Enzyme Activity In Nitrogen-Amended North Temperate Forest Soils", "description": "Large regions of temperate forest are subject to elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition which can affect soil organic matter dynamics by altering mass loss rates, soil respiration, and dissolved organic matter production. At present there is no general model that links these responses to changes in the organization and operation of microbial decomposer communities. Toward that end, we studied the response of litter and soil microbial communities to high levels of N amendment (30 and 80 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) in three types of northern temperate forest: sugar maple/basswood (SMBW), sugar maple/red oak (SMRO), and white oak/black oak (WOBO). We measured the activity of extracellular enzymes (EEA) involved directly in the oxidation of lignin and humus (phenol oxidase, peroxidase), and indirectly, through the production of hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase). Community composition was analyzed by extracting and quantifying phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils. Litter EEA responses at SMBW sites diverged from those at oak-bearing sites (SMRO, BOWO), but the changes were not statistically significant. For soil, EEA responses were consistent across forests types: phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities declined as a function of N dose (33-73% and 5-41%, respectively, depending on forest type); glucose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase activities increased (200-400% and 150-300%, respectively, depending on forest type). Principal component analysis (PCA) ordinated forest types and treatment responses along two axes; factor 1 (44% of variance) was associated with phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities, factor 2 (31%) with glucose oxidase. Microbial biomass did not respond to N treatment, but nine of the 23 PLFA that formed >1 mol% of total biomass showed statistically significant treatment responses. PCA ordinated forest types and treatment responses along three axes (36%, 26%, 12% of variance). EEA factors 1 and 2 correlated negatively with PLFA factor 1 ( r = -0.20 and -0.35, respectively, n = 108) and positively with PLFA factor 3 ( r = +0.36 and +0.20, respectively, n = 108). In general, EEA responses were more strongly tied to changes in bacterial PLFA than to changes in fungal PLFA. Collectively, our data suggests that N inhibition of oxidative activity involves more than the repression of ligninase expression by white-rot basidiomycetes.", "keywords": ["Michigan", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Nature Conservation", "Microbiology", "Trees", "Soil", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "Health Sciences", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Principal Component Analysis", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-003-9001-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/eap.1648", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-07", "title": "Crop rotations for increased soil carbon: perenniality as a guiding principle", "description": "Abstract

More diverse crop rotations have been promoted for their potential to remediate the range of ecosystem services compromised by biologically simplified grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90based agroecosystems, including increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). We hypothesized that functional diversity offers a more predictive means of characterizing the impact of crop rotations on SOC concentrations than species diversity per se. Furthermore, we hypothesized that functional diversity can either increase or decrease SOC depending on its associated carbon (C) input to soil. We compiled a database of 27 cropping system sites and 169 cropping systems, recorded the species and functional diversity of crop rotations, SOC concentrations (g C kg/soil), nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications (kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and estimated C input to soil (Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We categorized crop rotations into three broad categories: grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, grain rotations with cover crops, and grain rotations with perennial crops. We divided the grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations into two sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90categories: cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations and those that included both cereals and a legume grain. We compared changes in SOC and C input using mean effect sizes and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. Cover cropped and perennial cropped rotations, relative to grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, increased C input by 42% and 23% and SOC concentrations by 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations, cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations decreased total C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9216%), root C input (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), and SOC (\uffe2\uff88\uff925.3%) relative to cereal\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. We found no effect of species diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only rotations. N fertilizer rates mediated the effect of functional diversity on SOC within grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90only crop rotations: at low N fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa475\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the decrease in SOC with cereal\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0legume grain rotations was less than at high N fertilizer rates. Our results show that increasing the functional diversity of crop rotations is more likely to increase SOC concentrations if it is accompanied by an increase in C input. Functionally diverse perennial and cover cropped rotations increased both C input and SOC concentrations, potentially by exploiting niches in time that would otherwise be unproductive, that is, increasing the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cperenniality\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of crop rotations.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Agriculture", "Fabaceae", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "functional diversity", "Poaceae", "sustainable agriculture", "Soil", "meta\u2010analysis", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "soil carbon", "Organic Chemicals", "perennials", "Fertilizers", "nitrogen fertilizer", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/eap.1648", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/eap.1648", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/eap.1648"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.2199", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-27", "title": "Temperature and aridity regulate spatial variability of soil multifunctionality in drylands across the globe", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between the spatial variability of soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions; SVM) and major climatic drivers, such as temperature and aridity, has never been assessed globally in terrestrial ecosystems. We surveyed 236 dryland ecosystems from six continents to evaluate the relative importance of aridity and mean annual temperature, and of other abiotic (e.g., texture) and biotic (e.g., plant cover) variables as drivers of SVM, calculated as the averaged coefficient of variation for multiple soil variables linked to nutrient stocks and cycling. We found that increases in temperature and aridity were globally correlated to increases in SVM. Some of these climatic effects on SVM were direct, but others were indirectly driven through reductions in the number of vegetation patches and increases in soil sand content. The predictive capacity of our structural equation\uffc2\uffa0modelling was clearly higher for the spatial variability of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than for C\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil variables. In the case of N cycling, the effects of temperature and aridity were both direct and indirect via changes in soil properties. For C and P, the effect of climate was mainly indirect via changes in plant attributes. These results suggest that future changes in climate may decouple the spatial availability of these elements for plants and microbes in dryland soils. Our findings significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving SVM in drylands across the globe, which is critical for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning in response to climate change.BACKGROUND: Denitrification is a microbial process that has received considerable attention during the past decade since it can result in losses of added nitrogen fertilisers from agricultural soils. Paddy soil has been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the denitrifying microorganisms responsible for fertilisers in paddy soil are not well known. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year application of inorganic and organic fertiliser (rice straw) on the abundance and composition of a nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Soil samples were collected from CK plots (no fertiliser), N (nitrogen fertiliser), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers) and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic matter). The nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) community composition was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the abundance was determined by quantitative PCR.

RESULTS: Both the largest abundance of nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier and the highest potential denitrifying activity (PDA) occurred in the NPK + OM treatment with about four times higher than that in the CK and two times higher than that in the N and NPK treatments (no significant difference). Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among fertilisation treatments except for the comparison between CK and N treatments. Of the measured abiotic factors, total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the observed differences in community composition and abundance (P < 0.01 by Monte Carlo permutation).

CONCLUSION: This study shows that the addition of different fertilisers affects the size and composition of the nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Denitrification", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Monte Carlo Method", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-10", "title": "Mineralization dynamics in soil fertilized with seaweed-fish waste compost", "description": "Seaweed and fish waste can be composted together to obtain fertilizer with high organic matter and nutrient contents. The nutrients, however, are mostly in organic form and must be mineralized to make them available to plants. The objective of this work was to establish a usage guideline for the compost by studying its mineralization dynamics. Also, the release of inorganic N and C from soil fertilized with the compost was monitored and modelled.C and N were released throughout the assay, to an extent significantly dependent on fertilizer rate. Mineralization of both elements fitted a first-order exponential model, and each fertilizer rate required using a specific fitting model. An increased rate favoured mineralization (especially of carbon). After 90 days, 2.3% of C and 7.7% of N were mineralized (and 23.3% of total nitrogen made plant available) with the higher rate.C mineralization was slow because organic matter in the compost was very stable. On the other hand, the relatively high initial content in mineral N of the compost increased gradually by the effect of mineralization. The amount of N available would suffice to meet the requirements of moderately demanding crops at the lower fertilizer rate, and even those of more demanding crops at the higher rate.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Fishes", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Seaweed", "Carbon", "Refuse Disposal", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7207/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-30", "title": "Espresso coffee residues as a nitrogen amendment for small-scale vegetable production", "description": "Espresso coffee grounds constitute a residue which is produced daily in considerable amounts, and is often pointed out as being potentially interesting for plant nutrition. Two experiments (incubations and field experiments) were carried out to evaluate the potential nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply for carrot (Daucus carota L.), spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) nutrition.Immobilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus was detected in all the incubations and, in the field experiments, germination and yield growth were decreased by the presence of espresso coffee grounds, in general for all the species studied.The study showed an inhibition of N and P mineralisation and a reduction of plant germination and growth. Further research is required to determine whether this is related to the immobilising capacity of the residue or possibly due to the presence of caffeine.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Nitrogen", "Plant Extracts", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Coffea", "Germination", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Coffee", "01 natural sciences", "Daucus carota", "Soil", "Spinacia oleracea", "Caffeine", "Vegetables", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7325/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Ditch-Buried Straw Return On Water Percolation, Nitrogen Leaching And Crop Yields In A Rice-Wheat Rotation System", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND

Crop residue management and nitrogen loss are two important environmental problems in the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation system in China. This study investigated the effects of burial of straw on water percolation, nitrogen loss by leaching, crop growth and yield. Greenhouse mesocosm experiments were conducted over the course of three simulated cropping seasons in a rice1\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice2 rotation.

RESULTS

Greater amounts of straw resulted in more water percolation, irrespective of crop season. Burial at 20 and 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly reduced, but burial at 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm increased nitrogen leaching. Straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 reduced, but at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and at 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 straw increased nitrogen leaching in three consecutive crop rotations. In addition, straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 buried at 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly increased yield and its components for both crops.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that N losses via leaching from the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation may be reduced by the burial of the appropriate amount of straw at the appropriate depth. Greater amounts of buried straw, however, may promote nitrogen leaching and negatively affect crop growth and yields. Complementary field experiments must be performed to make specific agronomic recommendations. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

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