Isotopes pinpoint strong seasonal variations in black carbon sources with consistent patterns at sites around the Arctic.
p1Plants transitioned from an aquatic to a terrestrial lifestyle during their evolution. On land, fluctuations on water availability in the environment became one of the major problems they encountered. The appearance of morpho-physiological adaptations to cope with and tolerate water loss from the cells was undeniably useful to survive on dry land. Some of these adaptations, such as carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), desiccation tolerance (DT) and root impermeabilization, appeared in multiple plant lineages. Despite being crucial for evolution on land, it has been unclear how these adaptations convergently evolved in the various plant lineages. Recent advances on whole genome and transcriptome sequencing are revealing that co-option of genes and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a common feature underlying the convergent evolution of these adaptations. In this review we address how the study of CCMs and DT have provided insight into convergent evolution of GRNs underlying plant adaptation to dry environments, and how these insights could be applied to currently emerging understanding of evolution of root impermeabilization through different barrier cell types. We discuss examples of co-option, conservation, and innovation of genes and GRNs at the cell, tissue and organ levels revealed by recent phylogenomic (comparative genomic) and comparative transcriptomic studies.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Physiology", "desiccation tolerance", "exodermis", "Adaptation", " Biological", "Reviews", "Plant Science", "comparative genomics", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Genes", " Plant", "Biological Evolution", "03 medical and health sciences", "apoplastic barriers", "Gene Regulatory Networks", "Desert Climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.14143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.14143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.14143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/plb.12400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-25", "title": "Light Compensation Points In Shade-Grown Seedlings Of Deciduous Broadleaf Tree Species With Different Successional Traits Raised Under Elevated Co2", "description": "AbstractWe measured leaf photosynthetic traits in shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90grown seedlings of four tree species native to northern Japan, raised under an elevated CO2 condition, to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on shade tolerance of deciduous broadleaf tree species with different successional traits. We considered Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Betula maximowicziana as pioneer species, Quercus mongolica var. crispula as a mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90successional species, and Acer mono as a climax species. The plants were grown under shade conditions (10% of full sunlight) in a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated phytotron. Light compensation points (LCPs) decreased in all tree species when grown under elevated CO2 (720\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffb7mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which were accompanied by higher apparent quantum yields but no photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation. LCPs in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica and A.\uffc2\uffa0mono grown under elevated CO2 were lower than those in the two pioneer birch species. The LCP in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica seedlings was not different from that of A.\uffc2\uffa0mono in each CO2 treatment. However, lower dark respiration rates were observed in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono than in Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica, suggesting higher shade tolerance in A.\uffc2\uffa0mono as a climax species in relation to carbon loss at night. Thus, elevated CO2 may have enhanced shade tolerance by lowering LCPs in all species, but the ranking of shade tolerance related to successional traits did not change among species under elevated CO2, i.e. the highest shade tolerance was observed in the climax species (A.\uffc2\uffa0mono), followed by a gap\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent species (Q.\uffc2\uffa0mongolica), while lower shade tolerance was observed in the pioneer species (B.\uffc2\uffa0platyphylla and B.\uffc2\uffa0maximowicziana).
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "CO2 enrichment", "photosynthesis", "Acclimatization", "Acer", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "650", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Apparent quantum yield", "Trees", "shade tolerance", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "Phenotype", "Japan", "Seedlings", "Sunlight", "Photosynthesis", "dark respiration", "Betula"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/plb.12400", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/plb.12400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/plb.12400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.70252", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-30", "title": "Differential xylem phytohormone export from dry and wet roots during partial rootzone drying is independent of shoot\u2010to\u2010root transport in soybean", "description": "AbstractDifferent phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.Cultivar mixtures have the potential to mitigate abiotic stress and stabilize crop yields, but their belowground dynamics remain poorly understood. We evaluated phosphorus (P) uptake by two contrasting spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cAnneli\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cFeedway\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), grown either in 50:50 mixture or as pure stand. The cultivars were grown in mesocosms under four P fertilization treatments: low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, homogeneous high\uffe2\uff80\uff90P (90\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg P/kg), and localized P hotspots (100\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg P) placed either in the topsoil (5\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) or subsoil (35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm). To trace P uptake pathways, the hotspots were labeled with 33P and enclosed in mesh bags allowing only mycorrhizal hyphae (25\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffce\uffbcm) or both roots and hyphae (2\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) to access the hotspot. After 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89days, we measured aboveground biomass, total P content, 33P specific activity, and root biomass, length, diameter, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) root colonization. In the mixture, reduced P uptake by \uffe2\uff80\uff9cFeedway\uffe2\uff80\uff9d led to lower overall performance compared to pure stand. Root modifications in the mixture did not enhance biomass or P acquisition, potentially due to decreased AMF colonization. Although different P placements altered P uptake patterns, they did not increase total P uptake. Roots accessed the P hotspots and acquired 33P without notable proliferation in the enriched zones. Our findings underscore the complexity of belowground interactions involving root distribution, competition for P, and AMF, and highlight the need for future research to optimize nutrient acquisition and performance in cultivar mixtures.This article differentiates between descriptive and explanatory factors to develop a typology and a theory of stakeholder and public engagement. The typology describes different types of public and stakeholder engagement, and the theory comprises four factors that explain much of the variation in outcomes (for the natural environment and/or for participants) between different types of engagement. First, we use a narrative literature search to develop a new typology of stakeholder and public engagement based on agency (who initiates and leads engagement) and mode of engagement (from communication to coproduction). We then propose a theory to explain the variation in outcomes from different types of engagement: (1) a number of socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional contextual factors influence the outcomes of engagement; (2) there are a number of process design factors that can increase the likelihood that engagement leads to desired outcomes, across a wide range of sociocultural, political, economic, and biophysical contexts; (3) the effectiveness of engagement is significantly influenced by power dynamics, the values of participants, and their epistemologies, that is, the way they construct knowledge and which types of knowledge they consider valid; and (4) engagement processes work differently and can lead to different outcomes when they operate over different spatial and temporal scales. We use the theoretical framework to provide practical guidance for those designing engagement processes, arguing that a theoretically informed approach to stakeholder and public engagement has the potential to markedly improve the outcomes of environmental decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90making processes.Preventing and reversing soil degradation is essential to maintaining the ecosystem services provided by soils and guaranteeing food security. In addition to the scientific community, it is critical to engage multiple stakeholders to assess the degree of soil degradation and mitigation strategies' impact and meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, and other national and international goals. A semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90structured questionnaire was distributed across countries participating in the EU Horizon\uffe2\uff80\uff902020 \uffe2\uff80\uff9cTransforming Unsustainable management of soils in key agricultural systems in E.U. and China. Developing an integrated platform of alternatives to reverse soil degradation (TUdi).\uffe2\uff80\uff9d Using farmers' associations and educational institutions as an intermediate to distribute the questionnaires was an effective strategy for gathering a high number of responses. Results from 456 responses to the questionnaire showed that farm country, size, type of agriculture, and educational level of farm managers were significantly associated with the farmers' perception of soil degradation issues. Farm size and type of agriculture were also correlated with applying a nutrient management plan. The implications of the results for soil conservation measures are discussed. Additionally, we highlight the potential of projects such as TUdi for creating collaboration networks to drive widespread adoption by farmers of technologies to reverse the degradation of agricultural soils.The main change in soil use in Amazonia is, after slash and burn deforestation followed by annual crops, the establishment of pastures. This conversion of forest to pasture induces changes in the carbon cycle, modifies soil organic matter content and quality and affects biological activity responsible for numerous biochemical and biological processes essential to ecosystem functioning. The aim of this study was to assess changes in microbial biomass and activity in fallow and pasture soils after forest clearing. The study was performed in smallholder settlements of eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Soil samples from depths of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff932, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm were gathered in native forest, fallow land 8\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0yr old and pastures with ages of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff937 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9312\uffc2\uffa0yr. Once fallow began, soil microbial biomass and its activity showed little change. In contrast, conversion to pasture modified soil microbial functioning significantly. Microbial biomass and its basal respiration decreased markedly after pasture establishment and continued to decrease with pasture age. The increase in metabolic quotient in the first years of pasture indicated a disturbance in soil functioning. Our study confirms that microbial biomass is a sensitive indicator of soil disturbance caused by land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Soil microbial carbon", "land use", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "13. Climate action", "microbial basal respiration", "tropical soil", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "metabolic quotient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Melo, V. S., /Desjardins, Thierry, Silva, M. L., Santos, E. R., /Sarrazin, Max, Santos, M. M. L. S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-02", "title": "Long-Term No-Tillage Effects On Particulate And Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in the sustainability of natural and agricultural systems. The identification of sensitiveSOCfractions can be crucial for an understanding ofSOCdynamics and stabilization. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) onSOCcontent and its distribution between particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic matter (Min) fractions in five different cereal production areas of Aragon (north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east Spain). The study was conducted under on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm conditions where pairs of adjacent fields underNTand conventional tillage (CT) were compared. An undisturbed soil nearby under native vegetation (NAT) was included. The results indicate thatSOCwas significantly affected by tillage in the first 5\uffc2\uffa0cm with the greatest concentrations found inNT(1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% more than inCT). Below 40\uffc2\uffa0cm,SOCunderNTdecreased (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340%) to values similar or less than those underCT. However, the stratification ratio (SR) never reached the threshold value of 2. ThePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C fraction, disproportionate to its small contribution to totalSOC(10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330%), was greatly affected by soil management. The pronounced stratification in this fraction (SR>2 inNT) and its usefulness for differentiating the study sites in terms of response toNTmakePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C a good indicator of changes in soil management under the study conditions. Results from this on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm study indicate thatNTcan be recommended as an alternative strategy to increase organic carbon at the soil surface in the cereal production areas of Aragon and in other analogous areas.
", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon storage", "Soil management", "Land use", "tillage", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-10", "title": "Nitric Oxide Accumulation: The Evolutionary Trigger for Phytopathogenesis", "description": "Many publications highlight the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in plant-bacteria interactions, either in the promotion of health and plant growth or in pathogenesis. However, the role of NO in the signaling between bacteria and plants and in the fate of their interaction, as well as the reconstruction of their interactive evolution, remains largely unknown. Despite the complexity of the evolution of life on Earth, we explore the hypothesis that denitrification and aerobic respiration were responsible for local NO accumulation, which triggered primordial antagonistic biotic interactions, namely the first phytopathogenic interactions. N-oxides, including NO, could globally accumulate via lightning synthesis in the early anoxic ocean and constitute pools for the evolution of denitrification, considered an early step of the biological nitrogen cycle. Interestingly, a common evolution may be proposed for components of denitrification and aerobic respiration pathways, namely for NO and oxygen reductases, a theory compatible with the presence of low amounts of oxygen before the great oxygenation event (GOE), which was generated by Cyanobacteria. During GOE, the increase in oxygen caused the decrease of Earth's temperature and the consequent increase of oxygen dissolution and availability, making aerobic respiration an increasingly dominant trait of the expanding mesophilic lifestyle. Horizontal gene transfer was certainly important in the joint expansion of mesophily and aerobic respiration. First denitrification steps lead to NO formation through nitrite reductase activity, and NO may further accumulate when oxygen binds NO reductase, resulting in denitrification blockage. The consequent transient NO surplus in an oxic niche could have been a key factor for a successful outcome of an early denitrifying prokaryote able to scavenge oxygen by NO/oxygen reductase or by an independent heterotrophic aerobic respiration pathway. In fact, NO surplus could result in toxicity causing 'the first disease' in oxygen-producing Cyanobacteria. We inspected in bacteria the presence of sequences similar to the NO-producing nitrite reductase nirS gene of Thermus thermophilus, an extreme thermophilic aerobe of the Thermus/Deinococcus group, which constitutes an ancient lineage related to Cyanobacteria. In silico analysis revealed the relationship between the presence of nirS genes and phytopathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria.", "keywords": ["aerobic respiration", "0301 basic medicine", "denitrification", "Thermus thermophilus", "nitrite reductase NirS", "Horizontal gene transfer", "Denitrific", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "Nitrite reductase NirS", "Ationerobic respiration", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "horizontal gene transfer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01947"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-16", "title": "The elusive role of soil quality in nutrient cycling: a review", "description": "AbstractCycling of nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, is one of the ecosystem services we expect agricultural soils to deliver. Nutrient cycling incorporates the reuse of agricultural, industrial and municipal organic residues that, misleadingly, are often referred to as \uffe2\uff80\uff98wastes\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The present review disentangles the processes underlying the cycling of nutrients to better understand which soil properties determine the performance of that function. Four processes are identified (i) the capacity to receive nutrients, (ii) the capacity to make and keep nutrients available to crops, (iii) the capacity to support the uptake of nutrients by crops and (iv) the capacity to support their successful removal in harvested crop. Soil properties matter but it is imperative that, as constituents of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil quality\uffe2\uff80\uff99, they should be evaluated in the context of management options and climate and not as ends in their own right. The effect of a soil property may vary depending on the prevailing climatic and hydrologic conditions and on other soil properties. We recognize that individual soil properties may be enhancing one of the processes underlying the cycling of nutrients but simultaneously weakening others. Competing demands on soil properties are even more obvious when considering other soil functions such as primary production, purification and flow regulation of water, climate modification and habitat provision, as shown by examples. Consequently, evaluations of soil properties and management actions need to be site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific, taking account of local aspects of their suitability and potential challenges.Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important strategy to improve soil quality and to mitigate climate change. To investigate changes in SOC under conservation agriculture (CA), we measured SOC concentrations after seven years of rice (Oryza sativa L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations in the eastern Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India under various combinations of tillage and crop establishment methods. The six treatments were as follows: conventional till transplanted rice followed by conventional till wheat (CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), CTR followed by zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till wheat (CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW), ZT direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded rice followed by CTW (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), ZTDSR followed by ZT wheat both on permanent raised beds with residue (PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R), and ZTDSR followed by ZTW both with (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R) and without residues (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW). We hypothesized that CA systems (i.e. ZT with residue retention) would sequester more carbon (C) than CT. After seven years, ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R and PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R increased SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.6\uffc2\uffa0m depth by 4.7 and 3.0 t C/ha, respectively, whereas the CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW system resulted in a decrease in SOC of 0.9 t C/ha. Over the same soil depth, ZT without residue retention (ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW) only increased SOC by 1.1 t C/ha. There was no increase in SOC where ZT in either rice or wheat was followed by CT in the next crop (i.e. CTR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW and ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90CTW), most likely because the benefit of ZT is lost when followed by tillage. Tillage and crop establishment methods had no significant effect on the SOC stock below the 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff90m soil layer. Over the seven years, the total carbon input from above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground residues was ca. 14.5 t/ha in ZTDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90ZTW+R and PBDSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90PBW+R, almost sixfold greater than in the other systems. Our findings suggest that the increased biomass production achieved through a combination of ZT and partial residue retention offers an opportunity to increase SOC whilst allowing residues to be used for other purposes.
", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "climate change", "conservation agriculture", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12331"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12331", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12331", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12331"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12506", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-26", "title": "Harvesting European knowledge on soil functions and land management using multi\u2010criteria decision analysis", "description": "AbstractSoil and its ecosystem functions play a societal role in securing sustainable food production while safeguarding natural resources. A functional land management framework has been proposed to optimize the agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental outputs from the land and specifically the supply and demand of soil functions such as (a) primary productivity, (b) carbon sequestration, (c) water purification and regulation, (d) biodiversity and (e) nutrient cycling, for which soil knowledge is essential. From the outset, the LANDMARK multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90actor research project integrates harvested knowledge from local, national and European stakeholders to develop such guidelines, creating a sense of ownership, trust and reciprocity of the outcomes. About 470 stakeholders from five European countries participated in 32 structured workshops covering multiple land uses in six climatic zones. The harmonized results include stakeholders\uffe2\uff80\uff99 priorities and concerns, perceptions on soil quality and functions, implementation of tools, management techniques, indicators and monitoring, activities and policies, knowledge gaps and ideas. Multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90criteria decision analysis was used for data analysis. Two qualitative models were developed using Decision EXpert methodology to evaluate \uffe2\uff80\uff9cknowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cneeds\uffe2\uff80\uff9d. Soil quality perceptions differed across workshops, depending on the stakeholder level and regionally established terminologies. Stakeholders had good inherent knowledge about soil functioning, but several gaps were identified. In terms of critical requirements, stakeholders defined high technical, activity and policy needs in (a) financial incentives, (b) credible information on improving more sustainable management practices, (c) locally relevant advice, (d) farmers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 discussion groups, (e) training programmes, (f) funding for applied research and monitoring, and (g) strengthening soil science in education. Mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (MTEs, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (LTEs, 20+\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) field experiments are key sources of information to design future climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90smart agriculture. Within the European Joint Program SOIL (EJP SOIL), we built the EJP SOIL\uffe2\uff80\uff90MTE/LTE metadataset that contains metadata from 240 MTEs/LTEs across Europe. Metadata collected included precise descriptions of the treatments (combination of factors such as tillage, crop type/rotation, amendments/fertilizers, grazing and pest/weed management), soil and crop measurements and pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic information. Using different figures and dashboards, an overview of those MTEs/LTEs is presented and specific research themes (tillage systems, residue management, amendment type and cover crops) are further analysed within their pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic context. An interactive web portal developed in collaboration with the BonaRes project ( https://lte.bonares.de ), enables users to explore the metadataset and find relevant MTEs/LTEs for specific combinations of practices (e.g. all MTEs/LTEs that investigate cover crops on a Cambisol in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system). Finally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the metadataset was carried out to highlight the potential contribution of MTEs/LTEs to a harmonized European soil observation and monitoring approach. We propose that the metadataset could be elaborated with metadata from other existing MTEs/LTEs in Europe or even worldwide. Farmers have access to many data\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensive technologies to help them monitor and control weeds and pests. Data collection, data modelling and analysis, and data sharing have become core challenges in weed control and crop protection. We review the challenges and opportunities of Big Data in agriculture: the nature of data collected, Big Data analytics and tools to present the analyses that allow improved crop management decisions for weed control and crop protection. Big Data storage and querying incurs significant challenges, due to the need to distribute data across several machines, as well as due to constantly growing and evolving data from different sources. Semantic technologies are helpful when data from several sources are combined, which involves the challenge of detecting interactions of potential agronomic importance and establishing relationships between data items in terms of meanings and units. Data ownership is analysed using the ethical matrix method to identify the concerns of farmers, agribusiness owners, consumers and the environment. Big Data analytics models are outlined, together with numerical algorithms for training them. Advances and tools to present processed Big Data in the form of actionable information to farmers are reviewed, and a success story from the Netherlands is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that the potential utility of Big Data for weed control is large, especially for invasive, parasitic and herbicide\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant weeds. This potential can only be realised when agricultural scientists collaborate with data scientists and when organisational, ethical and legal arrangements of data sharing are established.Soil health is a critical component of nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (NbS), underpinning ecosystem multifunctionality and resilience by supporting biodiversity, improving carbon sequestration and storage, regulating water flow and enhancing plant productivity. For this reason, NbS often aim to protect soil health and restore degraded soil. Robust monitoring of soil health is needed to adaptively manage NbS projects, identify best practices and minimize trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between goals, but soil assessment is often underrepresented in NbS monitoring programmes. This paper examines challenges and opportunities in selecting suitable soil health metrics. We find that standardization can facilitate widespread monitoring of soil health, with benefits for stakeholders and user groups. However, standardization brings key challenges, including the complexity and local variability of soil systems and the diverse priorities, skills and resources of stakeholders. To address this, we propose a flexible, interdisciplinary approach combining soil science, ecology and socio\uffe2\uff80\uff90economic insights. We introduce an interactive tool to help users select suitable soil and biodiversity metrics, which are context and scale\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific, and suggest avenues for future research. We conclude that integrating soil health into NbS through new and improved monitoring approaches, newly available datasets, supportive policies and stakeholder collaboration can enhance the resilience and effectiveness of NbS, contributing significantly to global sustainability goals.IRON\uffe2\uff80\uff90REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) is the root high\uffe2\uff80\uff90affinity ferrous iron (Fe) uptake system and indispensable for the completion of the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana without vigorous Fe supplementation. Here we provide evidence supporting a second role of IRT1 in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot partitioning of Fe. We show that irt1 mutants overaccumulate Fe in roots, most prominently in the cortex of the differentiation zone in irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, compared to the wild type. Shoots of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902 are severely Fe\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficient according to Fe content and marker transcripts, as expected. We generated irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902 lines producing IRT1 mutant variants carrying single amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90acid substitutions of key residues in transmembrane helices IV and V, Ser206 and His232, which are required for transport activity in yeast. Root short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term 55Fe uptake rates were uninformative concerning IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transport. Overall irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff90like concentrations of the secondary substrate Mn suggested that the transgenic Arabidopsis lines also remain incapable of IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated root Fe uptake. Yet, IRT1S206A partially complements rosette dwarfing and leaf chlorosis of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, as well as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot Fe partitioning and gene expression defects of irt1\uffe2\uff80\uff902, all of which are fully complemented by wild\uffe2\uff80\uff90type IRT1. Taken together, these results suggest a regulatory function for IRT1 in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot Fe partitioning that does not require Fe transport activity of IRT1. Among the genes of which transcript levels are partially dependent on IRT1, we identify MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN10, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN72 and NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE4 as candidates for effecting IRT1\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent Fe mobilization in roots. Understanding the biological functions of IRT1 will help to improve Fe nutrition and the nutritional quality of agricultural crops.Glass formed in the first nuclear detonation shows zinc loss by evaporation, indicating similar volatile loss during lunar formation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE", "ORIGIN", "13. Climate action", "WATER", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "MANTLE", "POTASSIUM", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-29", "title": "Gallium isotopic evidence for extensive volatile loss from the Moon during its formation", "description": "The Moon is depleted in volatile elements compared to Earth. Gallium isotopes indicate a global-scale evaporation event.
", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "2. Zero hunger", "GIANT IMPACT", "FOS: Physical sciences", "MANTLE", "01 natural sciences", "LUNAR-SAMPLES", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "ZINC", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ROCKS", "13. Climate action", "IMPACT ORIGIN", "EARTH", "Research Articles", "MAGMA OCEAN", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-22", "title": "A keystone microbial enzyme for nitrogen control of soil carbon storage", "description": "Nitrogen-induced suppression of lignin-modifying enzyme activity contributes to soil carbon sequestration.
", "keywords": ["CHANGING ENVIRONMENT", "570", "550", "Nitrogen", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "Bacterial Proteins", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Bacteria", "HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "N DEPOSITION", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "SUBTROPICAL FORESTS", "Science & Technology - Other Topics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION", "SIZE FRACTIONS", "CBIO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-10", "title": "Early formation of planetary building blocks inferred from Pb isotopic ages of chondrules", "description": "Age dating of meteorite inclusions suggests rapid formation of the building blocks of terrestrial planets within 1 My of the Sun.
", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "Geochemistry", "550", "13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "500", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Geokemi", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aau8052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-14", "title": "Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling", "description": "Isotopes pinpoint strong seasonal variations in black carbon sources with consistent patterns at sites around the Arctic.
Climate warming reduces biodiversity in simpler environments but enhances it in complex environments.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nematoda", "Climate", "Biodiversity", "Environment", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aar3599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-12", "title": "Nitrogen isotope signature evidences ammonium deprotonation as a common transport mechanism for the AMT-Mep-Rh protein superfamily", "description": "Natural nitrogen isotopic signature reveals deprotonation during ammonium transport across living organisms.
An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil quality", "Manure", "Soil", "Soil biology", "Biodiversity and ecosystem services", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Pesticides", "Fertilizers", "Arthropods", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Switzerland", "Triticum", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1071148"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1071148", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1071148", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1071148"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw2871", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-17", "title": "Angle-multiplexed all-dielectric metasurfaces for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval", "description": "Angle-multiplexed dielectric metasurfaces enable sensitive molecular fingerprint detection without the need for spectrometry.
Melting of recycled carbonate in the mantle explains the origin of carbonatitic magmas.
", "keywords": ["SILICATE ROCKS", "550", "CA CYCLE", "ORIGIN", "FRACTIONATION", "500", "NOBLE-GAS", "OLDOINYO-LENGAI", "01 natural sciences", "EVOLUTION", "12. Responsible consumption", "SUBDUCTION", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "CLINOPYROXENE", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "SERPENTINITES", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aba3269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aba3269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aba3269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aax8787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-25", "title": "The global-scale distributions of soil protists and their contributions to belowground systems", "description": "We studied the dominant protists found in soils across the globe and their contributions to belowground food webs.
Arctic Ocean sediments reveal permafrost thaw and carbon release during three large warming events of the past 27,000 years.
Diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) including Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease is challenging owing to the lack of tools to detect preclinical biomarkers. The misfolding of proteins into oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates plays an important role in the development and progression of NDDs, thus underscoring the need for structural biomarker\u2013based diagnostics. We developed an immunoassay-coupled nanoplasmonic infrared metasurface sensor that detects proteins linked to NDDs, such as alpha-synuclein, with specificity and differentiates the distinct structural species using their unique absorption signatures. We augmented the sensor with an artificial neural network enabling unprecedented quantitative prediction of oligomeric and fibrillar protein aggregates in their mixture. The microfluidic integrated sensor can retrieve time-resolved absorbance fingerprints in the presence of a complex biomatrix and is capable of multiplexing for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple pathology-associated biomarkers. Thus, our sensor is a promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis of NDDs, disease monitoring, and evaluation of novel therapies.
Globally, annual emissions from managed organic soils accounts for up to 5% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Climate-wise management and restoration of degraded organic soils could reduce GHG emissions quickly and at relatively low costs. The European Union (EU) Member States that have large areas of organic soils with high GHG emissions are Sweden, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Netherlands, and the Baltic countries. To meet the climate targets and objectives of the Paris Agreement the land-use sector is indispensable and mitigation policies targeting organic soils will be needed. The international regulatory framework is broad and quite unspecific. In contrast, the European Union has initiated binding regulation for the land-use sector through the EU Climate Law, the EU LULUCF regulation, and the proposed EU Nature Restoration Law. However, even this regulatory approach is not on track to deliver on its binding ambitions, indicating the need for more effective implementation measures also on organic soils in the EU and its member states. Furthermore, we argue that appropriate policy selection should consider current knowledge regarding the climate impacts of management options of organic soils. Lastly, we need more studies on GHG emissions, and standardized methods for GHG inventories, to resolve uncertainties surrounding the impacts of management to GHG emissions. Successful policy implementation requires more efforts but also improved scientific justification through continuous consideration of climate policy integrity and strengthening of the reliability of GHG inventories.
How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
In a decade-long soil warming experiment in a mid-latitude hardwood forest, we documented changes in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in order to investigate the consequences of these changes for the climate system. Here we show that whereas soil warming accelerates soil organic matter decay and carbon dioxide fluxes to the atmosphere, this response is small and short-lived for a mid-latitude forest, because of the limited size of the labile soil carbon pool. We also show that warming increases the availability of mineral nitrogen to plants. Because plant growth in many mid-latitude forests is nitrogen-limited, warming has the potential to indirectly stimulate enough carbon storage in plants to at least compensate for the carbon losses from soils. Our results challenge assumptions made in some climate models that lead to projections of large long-term releases of soil carbon in response to warming of forest ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Climate", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Massachusetts", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Paul A. Steudler, H. Lux, Jerry M. Melillo, Toby Ahrens, F. P. Bowles, John D. Aber, S. Morrisseau, C. Catricala, K. Newkirk, A. Magill,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074153"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1074153", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1074153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1074153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.1132075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-16", "title": "The Impact Of Boreal Forest Fire On Climate Warming", "description": "We report measurements and analysis of a boreal forest fire, integrating the effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, black carbon deposition on snow and sea ice, and postfire changes in surface albedo. The net effect of all agents was to increase radiative forcing during the first year (34 \uffc3\uff82\uffc2\uffb1 31 Watts per square meter of burned area), but to decrease radiative forcing when averaged over an 80-year fire cycle (\uffc3\uffa2€“2.3 \uffc3\uff82\uffc2\uffb1 2.2 Watts per square meter) because multidecadal increases in surface albedo had a larger impact than fire-emitted greenhouse gases. This result implies that future increases in boreal fire may not accelerate climate warming.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "330", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem", "Fires", "Trees", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/51883/7/Randerson.SOM.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2t07n8d3/qt2t07n8d3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt54g6g1ns/qt54g6g1ns.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132075"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.1132075", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.1132075", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.1132075"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/msphere.00130-21", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-11", "title": "Local Network Properties of Soil and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Potato Plantations Treated with a Biological Product Are Important Predictors of Crop Yield", "description": "Our results reinforce the notion that each cultivar on each location recruits a unique microbial community and that these communities are modulated by the vegetative growth stage of the plant. Moreover, inoculation of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713-based product on potatoes also changed the abundance of specific taxonomic groups and the structure of local networks in those locations where the product caused an increase in the yield.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological Products", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "Agriculture", "Agricultural Inoculants", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "United States", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Rhizosphere", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article", "Solanum tuberosum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mSphere.00130-21"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00130-21"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msphere.00130-21", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msphere.00130-21", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msphere.00130-21"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.aal4108", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-12", "title": "A Human-Driven Decline In Global Burned Area", "description": "Burn less, baby, burn lessHumans have, and always have had, a major impact on wildfire activity, which is expected to increase in our warming world. Andela et al. use satellite data to show that, unexpectedly, global burned area declined by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc25% over the past 18 years, despite the influence of climate. The decrease has been largest in savannas and grasslands because of agricultural expansion and intensification. The decline of burned area has consequences for predictions of future changes to the atmosphere, vegetation, and the terrestrial carbon sink.
Science , this issue p. 1356
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Satellite Imagery", "Carbon Sequestration", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "550", "General Science & Technology", "Climate", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Fires", "Theoretical", "Models", "11. Sustainability", "Human Activities", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Ecosystem", "Agricultural", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "ddc:550", "Forestry Sciences", "Agriculture", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6v95t473/qt6v95t473.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6b42q71s/qt6b42q71s.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4108"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.aal4108", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.aal4108", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.aal4108"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.aap9516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-18", "title": "A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil", "description": "A global map of soil bacteriaSoil bacteria play key roles in regulating terrestrial carbon dynamics, nutrient cycles, and plant productivity. However, the natural histories and distributions of these organisms remain largely undocumented. Delgado-Baquerizo et al. provide a survey of the dominant bacterial taxa found around the world. In soil collections from six continents, they found that only 2% of bacterial taxa account for nearly half of the soil bacterial communities across the globe. These dominant taxa could be clustered into ecological groups of co-occurring bacteria that share habitat preferences. The findings will allow for a more predictive understanding of soil bacterial diversity and distribution.
Science , this issue p. 320 Increasing aridity due to climate change is expected to affect multiple ecosystem structural and functional attributes in global drylands, which cover \uffe2\uff88\uffbc45% of the terrestrial globe. Berdugo et al. show that increasing aridity promotes thresholds on the structure and functioning of drylands (see the Perspective by Hirota and Oliveira). Their database includes 20 variables summarizing multiple aspects and levels of ecological organization. They found evidence for a series of abrupt ecological events occurring sequentially in three phases, culminating with a shift to low-cover ecosystems that are nutrient- and species-poor at high aridity values. They estimate that more than 20% of land surface will cross at least one of the thresholds by 2100, which can potentially lead to widespread land degradation and desertification worldwide.
Science , this issue p. 787 ; see also p. 739 Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
Soil fungal communities play a key role in agroecosystem sustainability. The complexity of fungal communities, at both taxonomic and functional levels, makes it difficult to find clear patterns connecting community composition with ecosystem function and to understand the impact of biotic (interspecies interactions) and abiotic (e.g., climate or anthropogenic disturbances) factors on it.
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", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Hemiterpenes", "Butadienes", "Oxygenases", "Rhodococcus", "Enzymology and Protein Engineering", "540", "Carbon", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84237/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/aem.00029-22"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00029-22"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.00029-22", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.00029-22", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.00029-22"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.00527-11", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-17", "title": "Microbial Communities Show Parallels At Sites With Distinct Litter And Soil Characteristics", "description": "ABSTRACTPlant and microbial community composition in connection with soil chemistry determines soil nutrient cycling. The study aimed at demonstrating links between plant and microbial communities and soil chemistry occurring among and within four sites: two pine forests with contrasting soil pH and two grasslands of dissimilar soil chemistry and vegetation. Soil was characterized by C and N content, particle size, and profiles of low-molecular-weight compounds determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of soil extracts. Bacterial and actinobacterial community composition was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning followed by sequencing. Abundances of bacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria were determined by quantitative PCR. In addition, a pool of secondary metabolites was estimated byermresistance genes coding for rRNA methyltransferases. The sites were characterized by a stable proportion of C/N within each site, while on a larger scale, the grasslands had a significantly lower C/N ratio than the forests. A Spearman's test showed that soil pH was correlated with bacterial community composition not only among sites but also within each site. Bacterial, actinobacterial, and fungal abundances were related to carbon sources while T-RFLP-assessed microbial community composition was correlated with the chemical environment represented by HPLC profiles. Actinobacteria community composition was the only studied microbial characteristic correlated to all measured factors. It was concluded that the microbial communities of our sites were influenced primarily not only by soil abiotic characteristics but also by dominant litter quality, particularly, by percentage of recalcitrant compounds.
", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "Nitrogen", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Colony Count", " Microbial", "104004 Chemical biology", "Soil", "Cluster Analysis", "Organic Chemicals", "Chromatography", " High Pressure Liquid", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Biodiversity", "Methyltransferases", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Bacterial Load", "Carbon", "104004 Chemische Biologie", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00527-11"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.00527-11", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.00527-11", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.00527-11"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2021-0056", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-24", "title": "The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment", "description": "Litter and microplastic assessments are being carried out worldwide. Arctic ecosystems are no exception and plastic pollution is high on the Arctic Council's agenda. Water and sediment have been identified as two of the priority compartments for monitoring plastics under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Recommendations for monitoring both compartments are presented in this publication. Alone, such samples can provide information on presence, fate, and potential impacts to ecosystems. Together, the quantification of microplastics in sediment and water from the same region produce a three-dimensional picture of plastics, not only a snapshot of floating or buoyant plastics in the surface water or water column but also a picture of the plastics reaching the shoreline or benthic sediments, in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. Assessment methodologies must be adapted to the ecosystems of interest to generate reliable data. In its current form, published data on plastic pollution in the Arctic is sporadic and collected using a wide spectrum of methods which limits the extent to which data can be compared. A harmonised and coordinated effort is needed to gather data on plastic pollution for the Pan-Arctic. Such information will aid in identifying priority regions and focusing mitigation efforts.
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