{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:20:11Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Microbial biomass and water-extractable carbon on Mt. Kilimanjaro", "description": "This dataset presents the value of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable carbon (WOC) at study plots under KiLi project. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and water-extractable organic carbon (WOC) \u2013 as sensitive and important parameters for soil fertility and C turnover \u2013 are strongly affected by land-use changes all over the world. These effects are particularly distinct upon conversion of natural to agricultural ecosystems due to very fast carbon (C) and nutrient cycles and high vulnerability, especially in the tropics. The objective of this study was to use the unique advantage of Mt. Kilimanjaro \u2013 altitudinal gradient leading to different tropical ecosystems but developed all on the same soil parent material \u2013 to investigate the effects of land-use change and elevation on MBC and WOC contents during a transition phase from dry to wet season. Down to a soil depth of 50\u00a0cm, we compared MBC and WOC contents of 2 natural (Ocotea\u00a0and\u00a0Podocarpus forest), 3 seminatural (lower montane forest, grassland, savannah), 1 sustainably used (homegarden) and 2 intensively used (maize field, coffee plantation) ecosystems on an elevation gradient from 950 to 2850\u00a0m a.s.l. The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.", "keywords": ["land-use change", "microbial carbon dynamics", "tropical ecosystem", "andosol", "elevation gradient", "water-extractable carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13374006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13374006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:21:09Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-11", "title": "Land Degradation Impact On Soil Carbon Losses Through Water Erosion And Co2 Emissions", "description": "Abstract Worldwide concerns with global change and its effects on our future environment require an improved understanding of the impact of land cover changes on the global C cycle. Overgrazing causes a reduction in plant cover with accepted consequences on soil infiltration and soil erosion, yet the impact on the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its associated processes remain unaccounted for. In this study performed in South Africa, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of plant cover reduction on (i) SOC erosion by water in both particulate (POC) and dissolved (DOC) forms, and (ii) soil CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. The study performed under sandy-loam Acrisols investigated three proportions of soil surface coverage by plants (Cov), from 100% (Cov100) for the \u201cnon-degraded\u201d treatment to 25\u201350% (Cov50) and 0\u20135% (Cov5). POC and DOC losses were evaluated using an artificial rainfall of 30\u00a0mm\u00a0h \u2212\u00a01 applied for a period of 30\u00a0min on bounded 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0m\u00b2 microplots (n\u00a0=\u00a03 per treatment). CO 2 emissions from undisturbed soil samples (n\u00a0=\u00a09) were evaluated continuously at the laboratory over a 6-month period. At the \u201cnon-degraded\u201d treatment of Cov100, plant-C inputs to the soil profile were 1950\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0180\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 \u00a0y \u2212\u00a01 and SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.02\u00a0m layer were 300.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.2\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 . While soil-C inputs by plants significantly (P\u00a0 \u2212\u00a02 at Cov100 increased from 66% at Cov50 (i.e. 3.76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) to a staggering 213% at Cov5 (i.e. 7.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9\u00a0gC\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ). These losses were for the most part in particulate form (from 88.0% for Cov100 to 98.7% for Cov5). Plant cover reduction significantly decreased both the cumulative C\u2013CO 2 emissions (by 68% at Cov50 and 69% at Cov5) and the mineralization rate of the soil organic matter (from 0.039 gC\u2013CO 2 \u00a0gC \u2212\u00a01 at Cov100 to 0.031\u00a0gC\u2013CO 2 \u00a0gC \u2212\u00a01 at Cov5). These results are expected to increase our understanding of the impact of land degradation on the global C cycle. Further in-situ research studies, however, need to investigate whether or not grassland degradation induces net C-emissions to the atmosphere.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "South Africa", "13. Climate action", "Particulate and dissolved SOC forms", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global C Cycle", "Water erosion", "Land use change"], "contacts": [{"organization": "McHunu, C., /Chaplot, Vincent,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-26", "title": "From winery waste to bioactive compounds and new polymeric biocomposites: A contribution to the circular economy concept", "description": "The paper aims at optimising and validating possible routes toward the full valorisation of grape agrowaste to produce bioactive molecules and new materials. Starting from Merlot red pomace, phenol complex mixtures were successfully extracted by using two different approaches. Extracts obtained by solvent-based (SE) technique contained up to 46.9 gGAeq/kgDW of total phenols. Depending on the used solvent, the prevalence of compounds belonging to different phenol families was achieved. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) gave higher total phenol yields (up to 79 gGAeq/kgDW) but a lower range of extracted compounds. All liquid extracts exerted strong antioxidant properties. Moreover, both SE and PLE extraction solid residues were directly exploited (between 5 and 20% w/w) to prepare biocomposite materials by direct mixing via an eco-friendly approach with PHBV polymer. The final composites showed mechanical characteristics similar to PHVB matrix. The use of pomace residues in biocomposites could therefore bring both to the reduction of the cost of the final material, as a lower amount of costly PHBV is used. The present research demonstrated the full valorisation of grape pomace, an agrowaste produced every year in large amounts and having a significant environmental impact.", "keywords": ["Medicine (General)", "Biocomposites", "Science (General)", "Agricultural Sciences", "Polyphenols", "Solvent-based extraction", "Biowaste", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries", "Grape pomace", "Biocomposites; Biowaste; Grape pomace; Polyphenols; Solvent-based extraction", " Pressurized liquid extraction", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "Q1-390", "R5-920", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Pressurized liquid extraction", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/758289/1/Ferri%20et%20al%202020%20JARE%20.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Advanced%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-13", "title": "Comparative geotechnical analysis of slope stabilization through conventional, soil and water bioengineering, and combined solutions", "description": "The sustainable mitigation of hydrogeological hazard through the geotechnical stabilization of natural and artificial slopes is an ethical and technical goal of increasing global relevance. In this context, \u201cgray\u201d geotechnical stabilization solutions involving the use of inert materials, injections of cement mixtures and steel elements, have been prevalently used in the past decades and have thus come to define the present \u201cconventional\u201d approach. These solutions may meet engineering performance criteria but are unable to attain desirable sustainability standards. The practice of Soil and Water BioEngineering (SWBE) draws from ancient empirical experience and is rapidly gaining new momentum due to the increased focus on environmental protection and requalification. SWBE and can be effectively conducted through the design and implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) by using living plants, alone or in combination with locally available materials, to improve the engineering performance of ecosystems while fostering an increase in their biodiversity and environmental value. The domain of applicability of NBS is limited to quasi-surficial instability phenomena, since the root systems which provide resistance to destabilizing forces are found mainly at shallow depths from ground surface. Moreover, biological and physical processes intervening in NBS result in the temporal variation of their mechanical resistance and engineering performance. \u201cCombined\u201d solutions involving the presence of \u2013 and synergy between - gray and green solutions may ensure the simultaneous attainment of safety and sustainability. This paper describes the conceptual standpoints and operational framework used for the comparative assessment of the engineering design performance of conventional, NBS, and combined solutions for a slope stabilization intervention on a site located near Florence, Italy. Stability is assessed quantitatively through limit equilibrium methods for multiple scenarios defined in terms of technological solutions, temporal stage, and level of engineering conservatism in design parameters. Temporal trends of the factors of safety against sliding are defined statistically and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The comparative analysis suggests that the combined solution provides the best option at the Montisoni site as it ensures sufficient short-terms, post-stabilization stability as well as increased stability overtime due to the improvement in the mechanical contribution of NBS components. The paper brings innovative contributions with respect to the equivalent geomechanical modeling of NBS and combined solutions in limit-equilibrium analyses and to the discussion of criteria to be considered in the assignment of design values in stability analyses.", "keywords": ["Geotechnical engineering; Bio-geotechnics; Slope stability; Soil and water bioengineering; Nature-based solutions; Statistics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1403973/1/Uzielli%20et%20al.%202024%20-%20Comparative%20geotechnical%20analysis%20of%20slope%20stabilization.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107487"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107487", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107487", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107487"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-31", "title": "Fates Of N-15-Labeled Fertilizer In A Black Soil-Maize System And The Response To Straw Incorporation In Northeast China", "description": "Over-fertilization has caused low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and N pollution in China. A better understanding of the fate of fertilizer N is critical for improved appropriate N management practices. We examined the fate of urea-N applied to a typical black soil-maize system and the response to straw incorporation in Northeast China using the field 15N labeling technique. Large plots (25\u00a0m2) were used to reduce artificial disturbance and facilitate multiple samplings in one growing season. We found that of the applied N (200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), 52% was taken up by crops at harvest and 24% was retained in the soil (0\u201340\u00a0cm). The unrecovered 23% was likely lost via gases emission or leaching, which mainly occurred in the early days of maize cultivation. Fertilizer N contributions to the crop N uptake were 42% during vegetative growth and 30% during reproductive growth, which indirectly indicates that native soil N was the dominant N source for maize growth. However, high N uptake by maize resulted in low replenishment of fertilizer N to soil N. As a potential nutrient management approach, straw incorporation (2.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) stimulated N retention and reduced N loss, with 14% unrecovered fertilizer N. To maintain long-term soil N supplies, straw incorporation could be a valid agronomic practice to prevent the degradation of black soil because of long-term N depletion during maize cultivation in Northeast China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Fertilizer-derived N", "Allocation", "N-15 labeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mollisol", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136780", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-05", "title": "Sensitive and accurate determination of 32 PFAS in human serum using online SPE-UHPLC-HRMS", "description": "Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances' (PFAS) extreme persistence has been linked to many adverse effects on human health including increased risk of certain cancers. This study presents the development and validation of a new, highly sensitive method for the quantification of 32 PFAS in human serum using online solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Legacy and emerging PFAS were targeted. Main steps of sample pretreatment include protein precipitation (PP), pellet rinsing, centrifugation, preconcentration through solvent evaporation, and online SPE using a weak anion-exchange polymeric sorbent. The PP and pellet-rinsing procedures were optimized through a comprehensive exploration of solvent combinations. Following this, a pretreatment that offers the best compromise for the targeted PFAS was identified using principal component analysis. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R\u00b2 = 0.977-0.997) with limits of quantification ranging from 8.9 to 27\u00a0ng/L, 5 to 15 times lower than previous methods. Precision (intraday 2.6-14.0\u00a0% and interday 1.3-11.0\u00a0% relative standard deviation) and accuracy (recoveries 72.7-106\u00a0%) were robust. The method was validated in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and successfully applied to five human serum samples, confirming its suitability for high-throughput profiling of PFAS in biomonitoring studies. This method is the first to use online SPE for the simultaneous determination of a broad range of PFAS, including ether congeners such as perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid and Nafion byproduct 2. Furthermore, control charts were employed to assess instrument performance during routine analysis and implement necessary actions.", "keywords": ["Human biomonitoring", "Fluorocarbons", "PFAS", "biomonitoring", "Method development", "Solid Phase Extraction", "628", "Humans", "Serum pretreatment", "High resolution mass spectrometry", "Chromatography", " High Pressure Liquid", "Mass Spectrometry", "543"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.univr.it/bitstream/11562/1159353/1/2025%20Sensitive%20and%20accurate%20determination%20of%2032%20PFAS%20in%20human%20serum%20using%20SPE-UHPLC-HRMS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136780"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136780", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136780", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136780"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-03", "title": "Dissolved Organic Carbon Cycling, Methane Emissions And Related Microbial Populations In Temperate Rice Paddies With Contrasting Straw And Water Management", "description": "Abstract Rice cultivation is recognised as a pivotal source of atmospheric methane (CH4), accounting for 11% of global emissions. The main drivers of CH4 production are redox conditions of soil, substrate availability, and abundance of methanogenic archaea, all potentially governed by management practices for straw and water management. In the present study, we combined crop residue and water management practices aimed at limiting substrate availability and reducing soil conditions required for methanogenesis, and tested their efficiency for mitigating CH4 emission in a field trial conducted on a long-term experimental platform. Combined straw and water management practices (i.e. the early crop residue incorporation, AUT, the adoption of dry with respect to water seeding, DRY, and the straw removal, REM) were effective in reducing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, methanogenic abundances and overall CH4 fluxes, with respect to the typical technique adopted in the Italian rice district that involves spring incorporation of straw and water seeding (SPR). The latter treatment enhanced substrate availability as well as favoured methanogenic archaea abundances and resulted in the highest CH4 fluxes and cumulative emissions. Treatments AUT and REM showed similar behaviours, reducing emissions of SPR by 48% and 46%, respectively. The highest mitigation efficiency was obtained by DRY that reduced emissions by 69% as a result of the oxic soil conditions during the early vegetative stage, the decreased substrate availability with the onset of field flooding, and the lower abundance of methanogenic communities.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rice straw incorporation", " Water or dry seeding", " Methanogenic and methanotrophic communities", " Straw decomposition", " Reductive dissolution", " Methane eco-efficiency.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1670198/3/AE%26E_265_292%20Open%20access.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-28", "title": "Insights from combining techno-economic and life cycle assessment \u2013 a case study of polyphenol extraction from red wine pomace", "description": "Abstract To determine the environmental and economic performance of emerging processes for the valorization of red wine pomace, a techno-economic assessment (TEA) and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are combined at an early design stage. A case study of two polyphenol extraction methods at laboratory scale, solvent extraction (SE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), were first analyzed via a carbon footprint (CFP). Subsequently, the laboratory scale design was improved and translated into industrial scale and a TEA was performed on the industrial scale designs. Finally, LCA was applied again with all impact indicators and the information gathered from both the TEA and LCA was combined into concise decision support, using Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). SE performs better than PLE, due to a lower solvent to DW ratio and a less expensive processing setup in both environmental and economic terms. The CFP of at laboratory scale aided in showing potential environmental hotspots and highlighted the need to reduce solvent use. The MCDA showed a shift in decision support depending on how strongly economic or environmental benefits are valued and eases the interpretation of the 19 different indicators derived from the TEA-LCA results. Both SE and PLE with a solvent to dry weight (DW) ratio of 5 and 10, respectively, perform competitively while SE with a solvent to DW ratio of 10 outperforms PLE with a solvent to DW ratio of 25. The case study illustrated how early design calculations (CFP), and combined LCA and TEA may be combined to improve process design.", "keywords": ["Techno-economic assessment", "Life-cycle assessment", "Solvent extraction", "02 engineering and technology", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/responsible_consumption_and_production; name=SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "solvent extraction", "12. Responsible consumption", "polyphenol extraction", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "life cycle assessment", "13. Climate action", "Pressurized liquid extraction", "pressurized liquid extraction", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Resources%2C%20Conservation%20and%20Recycling", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-10", "title": "Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables", "description": "The developed method was evaluated for the determination of 10 antibiotics belonging to four chemical classes (fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, and metoxybenzylpyrimidines) and six of their metabolites in four vegetable matrices (lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, and broad beans). The reported method detection limits were sufficiently low (0.1-5.8\u00a0ng/g dry weight) to detect target compounds in vegetables under real agricultural practices. Absolute and relative recovery values ranged from 40 to 118% and from 70 to 118%, respectively, for all targeted compounds at the spike level of 100\u00a0ng/g dry weight. Regarding method precision, the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) was obtained for enrofloxacin in lettuce (20%), while for the rest of the compounds in all matrices, the RSD values were below 20% for the same spike level. Matrix effects, due to electrospray ionization, ranged from -\u200926 to 29% for 85% of all estimated values. In a field study, four of the 10 targeted antibiotics were detected in tested vegetables. For the first time, antibiotic metabolites were quantified in vegetables grown under real field conditions. More specifically, decarboxyl ofloxacin and TMP304 were detected in tomato fruits (1.5\u00a0ng/g dry weight) and lettuce leaves (21.0-23.1\u00a0ng/g dry weight), respectively. It is important to remark that the concentration of TMP304 was five times higher than that from the parental compound, emphasizing the importance of metabolite analysis in monitoring studies. Therefore, the method provided a robust, reliable, and simple-to-use tool that could prove useful for routine multiclass analysis of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetable samples. Graphical abstract.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Spectrometry", " Mass", " Electrospray Ionization", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Solid Phase Extraction", "Reproducibility of Results", "LC-ESI-MS/MS", "01 natural sciences", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "0104 chemical sciences", "3. Good health", "Antibiotics", "Limit of Detection", "Ultrasound-assisted extraction", "Vegetables", "Metabolites", "Chromatography", " Liquid", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Matamoros, V\u00edctor, Bayona, Josep M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-09", "title": "Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce", "description": "Abstract

Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "High-resolution mass spectrometry", "Phytochemicals", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Trimethoprim", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "3. Good health", "Conjugates", "Antibiotics", "Non-target screening", "Humans", "Plant metabolites", "Biotransformation", "Research Paper", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tadi\u0107, \u0110or\u0111e, Gramblicka, Michal, Mistrik, Robert, Bayona, Josep Maria,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20and%20Bioanalytical%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-10", "title": "Predicted Soil Organic Carbon Stocks And Changes In The Brazilian Amazon Between 2000 And 2030", "description": "Abstract Currently we have little understanding of the impacts of land use change on soil C stocks in the Brazilian Amazon. Such information is needed to determine impacts on the global C cycle and the sustainability of agricultural systems that are replacing native forest. The aim of this study was to predict soil carbon stocks and changes in the Brazilian Amazon during the period between 2000 and 2030, using the GEFSOC soil carbon (C) modelling system. In order to do so, we devised current and future land use scenarios for the Brazilian Amazon, taking into account: (i) deforestation rates from the past three decades, (ii) census data on land use from 1940 to 2000, including the expansion and intensification of agriculture in the region, (iii) available information on management practices, primarily related to well managed pasture versus degraded pasture and conventional systems versus no-tillage systems for soybean ( Glycine max ) and (iv) FAO predictions on agricultural land use and land use changes for the years 2015 and 2030. The land use scenarios were integrated with spatially explicit soils data (SOTER database), climate, potential natural vegetation and land management units using the recently developed GEFSOC soil C modelling system. Results are presented in map, table and graph form for the entire Brazilian Amazon for the current situation (1990 and 2000) and the future (2015 and 2030). Results include soil organic C (SOC) stocks and SOC stock change rates estimated by three methods: (i) the Century ecosystem model, (ii) the Rothamsted C model and (iii) the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) method for assessing soil C at regional scale. In addition, we show estimated values of above and belowground biomass for native vegetation, pasture and soybean. The results on regional SOC stocks compare reasonably well with those based on mapping approaches. The GEFSOC system provided a means of efficiently handling complex interactions among biotic-edapho-climatic conditions (>363,000 combinations) in a very large area (\u223c500\u00a0Mha) such as the Brazilian Amazon. All of the methods used showed a decline in SOC stock for the period studied; Century and RothC simulated values for 2030 being about 7% lower than those in 1990. Values from Century and RothC (30,430 and 25,000\u00a0Tg for the 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer for the Brazilian Amazon region were higher than those obtained from the IPCC system (23,400\u00a0Tg in the 0\u201330\u00a0cm layer). Finally, our results can help understand the major biogeochemical cycles that influence soil fertility and help devise management strategies that enhance the sustainability of these areas and thus slow further deforestation.", "keywords": ["land use change", "2. Zero hunger", "clay loam acrisol", "550", "330", "no-tillage", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Brazilian Amazon", "regional-scale", "15. Life on land", "matter dynamics", "soil organic carbon", "land-use change", "long-term experiments", "southern brazil", "tropical deforestation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "regional estimates", "eastern amazonia"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "02543d0a-f43a-4ab7-886a-c748d714a9e6-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:13:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Thallium", "description": "Interpolierte Element-Konzentrationen (mg/kg Feinerde) in den Oberb\u00f6den (0\u201320 cm) der Schweiz. F\u00fcr die Ordinary Kriging Interpolationen (1 km x 1 km) wurden Messdaten von insgesamt 1'201 Standorten des Biodiversit\u00e4tsmonitorings Schweiz, der Nationalen Bodenbeobachtung und des europ\u00e4ischen geochemischen Bodenatlas ber\u00fccksichtigt. Die Element-Konzentrationen wurden in K\u00f6nigswasser Aufschl\u00fcssen (HNO\u2083:HCl:H\u2082O) von getrockneten (40\u00b0C), gesiebten (< 2 mm) und anschliessend gemahlenen Bodenproben mittels induktiv gekoppelter Plasma Massenspektrometrie analysiert. Standorte mit bekannter anthropogener \u00dcberpr\u00e4gung der Element-Konzentrationen (Punktquellen) wurden vorg\u00e4ngig ausgeschlossen. Bei den Ergebnissen des geochemischen Bodenatlas handelt es sich um eine Momentaufnahme der Element-Konzentrationen in den Oberb\u00f6den der Schweiz (Probenahmezeitraum 2011\u20132015). Die interpolierten Karten dienen der verbesserten Visualisierung von Regionen mit erh\u00f6hten resp. tiefen Konzentrationen. Es k\u00f6nnen daraus jedoch keine parzellenscharfen Informationen oder definitive R\u00fcckschl\u00fcsse auf die Geologie, die Bioverf\u00fcgbarkeit, die prozentualen Verteilung der geogenen und anthropogenen Quellen sowie die Belastung des Bodens abgeleitet werden. Zitat Publikation: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemischer Bodenatlas der Schweiz. Agroscope; Z\u00fcrich, 2023.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["atlante", "atlas", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "biogeochemie", "biogeochemistry", "biogeochimica", "biogeochimie", "boden", "bodeneigenschaften", "bodenkartierung", "bund", "cartographie-des-sols", "ch", "confederation", "confederazione", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "heavy-metal", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "interpolation", "interpolazione", "mappatura-del-suolo", "metal-lourd", "metal-toxique", "metalli-tossici", "metallo-pesante", "proprieta-del-suolo", "proprietes-du-sol", "schwermetall", "soil", "soil-mapping", "soil-properties", "sol", "suolo", "toxic-metal", "toxische-metalle"], "contacts": [{"organization": "boden@bafu.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://opendata.swiss/organization/bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_thallium/items/geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_thallium"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_thallium"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.agroscope.admin.ch/agroscope/de/home/themen/umwelt-ressourcen/boden-gewaesser-naehrstoffe/nabo/ergaenzende-untersuchungen/geochemischer-bodenatlas.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/02543d0a-f43a-4ab7-886a-c748d714a9e6-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "02543d0a-f43a-4ab7-886a-c748d714a9e6-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "name": "item", "description": "02543d0a-f43a-4ab7-886a-c748d714a9e6-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/02543d0a-f43a-4ab7-886a-c748d714a9e6-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "02210bb3-1c51-4c2c-a665-a696286b945c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:13:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Erosion risk map for arable land \u2013 qualitative classification", "description": "Erosion risk map for arable land \u2013 qualitative classification (Federal Office for Agriculture) Erosion risk map for arable land in Switzerland in a 2x2-metre grid based on SwissALTI3D and cantonal surface-area data on arable land (status 2021). The map shows the potential qualitative erosion risk. The overall rating is allocated to one of three risk levels (no risk; risk; high risk) without taking account of soil use or management method. The long-term mean soil erosion is calculated on the basis of the universal soil loss equation (USLE).", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "boden", "bodenerosion", "ch", "e-geoch", "erosion", "erosion-du-sol", "erosione", "erosione-del-suolo", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "soil", "soil-erosion", "sol", "suolo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "info@blw.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://www.blw.admin.ch/blw/de/home.html?_organization=705", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.blw.erosion"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.blw.erosion"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.blw.admin.ch/blw/de/home/nachhaltige-produktion/umwelt/boden.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/02210bb3-1c51-4c2c-a665-a696286b945c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "02210bb3-1c51-4c2c-a665-a696286b945c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "name": "item", "description": "02210bb3-1c51-4c2c-a665-a696286b945c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/02210bb3-1c51-4c2c-a665-a696286b945c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "02de5058-3b3b-421f-a1fc-31e3885fadad-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:13:58Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland: Uranium", "description": "Interpolated uranium concentrations (mg/kg fine earth) in the upper soils (0-20 cm) of Switzerland. For the Ordinary Kriging Interpolations (1 km x 1 km), measurement data from a total of 1,201 sites of the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring System, the National Soil Observation System and the European Soil Geochemical Atlas were taken into account. Element concentrations were analyzed in aqua regia outcrop (HNO3:HCl:H2O) from dried (40\u00b0C), sieved (< 2 mm) and subsequently ground soil samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Sites with known anthropogenic over-embossing of element concentrations (point sources) were excluded in advance. The results of the soil geochemical atlas are a snapshot of the element concentrations in the topsoils of Switzerland (sampling period 2011-2015). The interpolated maps serve to improve the visualization of regions with elevated or low concentrations. However, no parcel-sharp information or definitive conclusions on the geology, bioavailability, the percentage distribution of geogenous and anthropogenic sources as well as the load on the soil can be derived from this. Quotation of Publication: J. E. Reusser, M. B. Siegenthaler, L. H. E. Winkel, D. W\u00e4chter, R. Kretzschmar, R. G. Meuli: Geochemical soil atlas of Switzerland. Agroscope, Zurich, 2023.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["atlante", "atlas", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "biogeochemie", "biogeochemistry", "biogeochimica", "biogeochimie", "boden", "bodeneigenschaften", "bodenkartierung", "bund", "carico-da-metalli-pesanti", "cartographie-des-sols", "ch", "charge-en-metaux-lourds", "confederation", "confederazione", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "heavy-metal-load", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "interpolation", "interpolazione", "mappatura-del-suolo", "metal-toxique", "metalli-tossici", "proprieta-del-suolo", "proprietes-du-sol", "schwermetallbelastung", "soil", "soil-mapping", "soil-properties", "sol", "suolo", "toxic-metal", "toxische-metalle"], "contacts": [{"organization": "boden@bafu.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://opendata.swiss/organization/bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_uran/items/geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_uran"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.bafu.geochemischer-bodenatlas_schweiz_uran"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.agroscope.admin.ch/agroscope/de/home/themen/umwelt-ressourcen/boden-gewaesser-naehrstoffe/nabo/ergaenzende-untersuchungen/geochemischer-bodenatlas.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/02de5058-3b3b-421f-a1fc-31e3885fadad-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "02de5058-3b3b-421f-a1fc-31e3885fadad-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "name": "item", "description": "02de5058-3b3b-421f-a1fc-31e3885fadad-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/02de5058-3b3b-421f-a1fc-31e3885fadad-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[2.75, 49.45], [2.75, 50.85], [6.5, 50.85], [6.5, 49.45], [2.75, 49.45]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sol et sous-sol"}, {"id": "Nature et environnement"}, {"id": "Agriculture"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/theme-geoportail-wallon"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "dynamique naturelle"}, {"id": "sol"}, {"id": "biologie"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet-theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "biologie du sol"}, {"id": "organisme du sol"}, {"id": "carbone organique"}, {"id": "mod\u00e9lisation"}, {"id": "surveillance de l'environnement"}, {"id": "prairie"}, {"id": "qualit\u00e9 du sol"}, {"id": "donn\u00e9es sur l'\u00e9tat de l'environnement"}, {"id": "type de sol"}, {"id": "conservation du sol"}, {"id": "carbone organique total"}, {"id": "sol"}, {"id": "station de surveillance"}, {"id": "cartographie"}, {"id": "mati\u00e8re organique"}, {"id": "carbone"}, {"id": "for\u00eat"}, {"id": "analyse des sols"}, {"id": "cycle du carbone"}, {"id": "cartogramme"}, {"id": "profil du sol"}, {"id": "utilisation du sol"}, {"id": "r\u00e9seau de mesure"}, {"id": "culture"}, {"id": "stockage"}, {"id": "ressources du sol"}, {"id": "sous-sol"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Open Data"}, {"id": "PanierTelechargementGeoportailNO"}, {"id": "Reporting INSPIRE"}, {"id": "WalOnMapNO"}, {"id": "Extraction_DIG"}, {"id": "BDInfraSIG"}], "scheme": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/thesaurus/infrasig"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Sols"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "R\u00e9gional"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/r5r/applicableLegislation"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Observation de la terre et environnement"}], "scheme": "http://data.europa.eu/bna/asd487ae75"}], "updated": "2024-12-11T12:48:19.626322Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-10-30", "language": "fre", "title": "INSPIRE - CARBIOSOL - Predicted total organic carbon levels - period 2004-2014 in Wallonia (BE)", "description": "Cette couche de donn\u00e9es INSPIRE reprend les teneurs en Carbone Organique Total dans les sols agricoles du territoire wallon pour la p\u00e9riode 2004-2014.\n\nCette donn\u00e9e conforme INSPIRE est issue de la donn\u00e9e source CARBIOSOL - Teneurs pr\u00e9dites en Carbone organique total - p\u00e9riode 2004-2014.\n\nLa qualit\u00e9 d\u2019un sol peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de divers param\u00e8tres physiques, chimiques ou biologiques. Parmi ces param\u00e8tres, le carbone organique des sols, qui constitue plus de 50% de la masse de la mati\u00e8re organique du sol, est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l'indicateur principal de la qualit\u00e9 des sols, \u00e0 la fois pour ses fonctions agricoles et environnementales.\n\nLa pr\u00e9sente couche de donn\u00e9es constitue la cartographie des teneurs en carbone organique total (COT) pour les sols sous cultures et prairies permanentes en R\u00e9gion wallonne pour une p\u00e9riode comprise entre 2004 et 2014. La couche a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e par m\u00e9thode de mod\u00e9lisation spatiale d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'UCL dans le cadre de la convention CARBIOSOL.\n\nPour plus de d\u00e9tails sur la constitution des couches cartographiques g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es dans le cadre du projet CARBIOSOL, veuillez-vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer \u00e0 la fiche de m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es documentant la s\u00e9rie de couches de donn\u00e9es.\n\nEn chaque pixel, la teneur en carbone organique total (COT) est exprim\u00e9e en gramme de carbone par kilogramme de terre fine s\u00e8che (gC/kg). Le r\u00e9sultat en sortie du mod\u00e8le est une couche raster des teneurs en COT \u00e0 90 m\u00e8tres de r\u00e9solution et spatialement continue sur le territoire agricole wallon.\n\nLes teneurs moyennes en COT observ\u00e9es pour les sols (horizons de surface) sous cultures et prairies permanentes sur la p\u00e9riode 2004-2014 \u00e9taient de 1.30 gC/kg et 3.61 gC/kg respectivement, d\u2019apr\u00e8s la base de donn\u00e9es REQUASUD.\n\nSur cette m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, 22 % des superficies sous cultures pr\u00e9sentaient des teneurs en COT < 1.15 gC kg-1 et 73 % pr\u00e9sentaient des teneurs < 1.5 gC/kg. En de\u00e7\u00e0 de 1.15 gC/kg, le sol est d\u00e9structur\u00e9.\n\nEntre 2004 et 2014, les teneurs en COT des sols pour les deux occupations de sols tendent \u00e0 augmenter du nord-ouest au sud-est, de la r\u00e9gion sablo-limoneuse \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion ardennaise, et \u00e0 rebaisser en r\u00e9gion Jurassique.", "formats": [{"name": "TIFF (.tif"}, {"name": " .tiff)"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "atom:feed"}], "keywords": ["Sol et sous-sol", "Nature et environnement", "Agriculture", "dynamique naturelle", "sol", "biologie", "biologie du sol", "organisme du sol", "carbone organique", "mod\u00e9lisation", "surveillance de l'environnement", "prairie", "qualit\u00e9 du sol", "donn\u00e9es sur l'\u00e9tat de l'environnement", "type de sol", "conservation du sol", "carbone organique total", "sol", "station de surveillance", "cartographie", "mati\u00e8re organique", "carbone", "for\u00eat", "analyse des sols", "cycle du carbone", "cartogramme", "profil du sol", "utilisation du sol", "r\u00e9seau de mesure", "culture", "stockage", "ressources du sol", "sous-sol", "Open Data", "PanierTelechargementGeoportailNO", "Reporting INSPIRE", "WalOnMapNO", "Extraction_DIG", "BDInfraSIG", "COT", "COS", "CARBIOSOL", "CARBOSOL", "RSS", "teneur en carbone", "Aardewerk", "CNSW", "COSW", "REQUASUD", "RMSE", "GAM", "Mod\u00e8le Additif G\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9", "MAG", "Monte-Carlo", "covariable", "CO2", "Digital Soil Mapping", "DTM", "Erreur", "horizon de sol", "Sols", "R\u00e9gional", "2023/138 - High Value Datasets Regulation", "Observation de la terre et environnement"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "Helpdesk carto du SPW (SPW - Secr\u00e9tariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral - SPW Digital - D\u00e9partement Donn\u00e9es transversales - Gestion et valorisation de la donn\u00e9e)", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Direction de la Protection des Sols (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement du Sol et des D\u00e9chets - Direction de la Protection des Sols)", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "esther.goidts@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Service public de Wallonie (SPW)", "position": null, "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "helpdesk.carto@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "protocol_url": "", "name": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "name_url": "", "description": "G\u00e9oportail de la Wallonie", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": "Caroline Chartin", "organization": "Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute (UCL - ELI)", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "caroline.chartin@uclouvain.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Cellule SIG du SPW ARNE (SPW - Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement - D\u00e9partement de l'\u00c9tude du milieu naturel et agricole - Direction de la Coordination des Donn\u00e9es)", "position": null, "roles": ["processor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sig.dgarne@spw.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "R\u00e9seau Qualit\u00e9 Sud (REQUASUD ASBL)", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "requasud@cra.wallonie.be"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "R\u00e9seau Qualit\u00e9 Sud (REQUASUD ASBL);Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute (UCL - ELI)", "roles": ["creator"]}], "title_alternate": "SO.SoilThemeCoverage.COT__TENEURS_2004_2014", "distancevalue": "90", "distanceuom": "m"}, "links": [{"href": "https://geoportail.wallonie.be/walonmap#PANIER=%5B%7B%22serviceId%22%3A%221%22%2C%22visible%22%3Atrue%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgeoservices.wallonie.be%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FSOL_SOUS_SOL%2FCARBIOSOL%2FMapServer%2F3%22%2C%22label%22%3A%22CARBIOSOL%20-%20Teneurs%20pr%C3%A9dites%20en%20Carbone%20organique%20total%20-%20p%C3%A9riode%202015-2019%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22AGS_DYNAMIC%22%2C%22metadataUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgeodata.wallonie.be%2Fdoc%2F04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce%22%7D%5D", "name": "Application WalOnMap - Toute la Wallonie \u00e0 la carte", "description": "Application cartographique du Geoportail (WalOnMap) qui permet de d\u00e9couvrir les donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques de la Wallonie.", "protocol": "WWW:LINK", "rel": "browsing"}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/geoserver/inspire_so/ows?service=WMS&version=1.3.0&request=GetCapabilities", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de visualisation WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://geoservices.wallonie.be/inspire/atom/SO_Service.xml", "name": "INSPIRE - Sols en Wallonie (BE) - Service de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement", "protocol": "atom:feed", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://metawal.wallonie.be/geonetwork/srv/api/records/04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce/attachments/SO.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce", "name": "item", "description": "04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/04481ab6-e5ee-4742-a330-88649c17b2ce"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2004-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "05216096-7514-4084-a361-49a2cee1f44c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2012-07-01T00:00:00", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Digital soil suitability map of Switzerland - Nutrient storage capacity", "description": "In a similar way to water storage capacity, the aim is to specify how many equivalents of cations can be stored in the soil. The stored milliequivalents of cations were converted on the basis of a column of soil with a surface area of 1cm2 and a height corresponding to the physiological root penetration depth. This gave the milliequivalents (mEq) of cations per cm2. (Details: Soil suitability map of Switzerland, March 1980).", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["anbaueignung", "aptitude-culturale", "attitudine-alla-coltura", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "boden", "caracteristiques-geographiques-meteorologiques", "ch", "cultivation-suitability", "elementi-geografici-meteorologici", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "meteorological-geographical-features", "meteorologisch-geografische-kennwerte", "soil", "sol", "suolo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "info@blw.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://www.blw.admin.ch/blw/de/home.html?_organization=705", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://api3.geo.admin.ch/rest/services/api/MapServer/ch.blw.bodeneignung-naehrstoffspeichervermoegen"}, {"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.blw.bodeneignung-naehrstoffspeichervermoegen"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.blw.bodeneignung-naehrstoffspeichervermoegen"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.blw.admin.ch/blw/de/home/politik/datenmanagement/geografisches-informationssystem-gis/bodeneignungskarte.html"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/05216096-7514-4084-a361-49a2cee1f44c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "05216096-7514-4084-a361-49a2cee1f44c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "name": "item", "description": "05216096-7514-4084-a361-49a2cee1f44c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/05216096-7514-4084-a361-49a2cee1f44c-bundesamt-fur-landwirtschaft-blw"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "053bcacc-0ae4-4e03-9a79-9e0ecb56cd77-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2020-02-27T00:00:00", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Monthly rainfall erosivity (R-factor) maps of Switzerland in MJ mm ha\u207b\u00b9 h\u207b\u00b9 month\u207b\u00b9, February", "description": "

Monthly rainfall erosivity maps (R-factor maps) of Switzerland with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The maps show the spatial and seasonal variability of rainfall erosivity in MJ mm ha\u207b\u00b9 h\u207b\u00b9 month\u207b\u00b9. Light shades of blue indicate a low erosive impact of rainfall and dark shades a high impact.

The monthly R-factors are based on precipitation measurements from 87 automatic gauging stations with measurement intervals of 10 minutes (average measuring period of 19.5 years per station). The stations cover all agricultural zones in Switzerland. To exclude the influence of snow, temperatures are also recorded at an hourly resolution for 71 stations or are derived from the nearest station.

A comparison of the 12 monthly R-factor maps shows that the summer months (June, July and August) have the highest rainfall erosivity values during the year. The Southern Alps (canton of Ticino), the mountain zones of the Northern Alps and parts of the valley zone have particularly high R-factors in this period. A proportion of 62% of Switzerland's annual rainfall erosivity is recorded between June and September. Identifying regions and periods in which rainfall with an increased erosive impact occurs enables targeted erosion control and a better understanding of the dynamics of erosion processes over the course of a year.

The development of monthly rainfall erosivity maps of Switzerland is described in detail in 'Regionalization of monthly rainfall erosivity patterns in Switzerland' by Schmidt et al. (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 20. 2016. pp. 4359\u20134373).", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["amenagement-antierosif", "aufbewahrungs-und-archivierungsplanung-aap-bund", "aumento-delle-precipitazioni", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "boden", "bodenerosion", "ch", "conservation-and-archiving-planning-aap-confederation", "controllo-dellerosione", "e-geoch", "erosion", "erosion-control", "erosion-du-sol", "erosione", "erosione-del-suolo", "erosionsschutz", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "intensification-des-precipitations", "niederschlagserhohung", "pianificazione-della-conservazione-e-dellarchiviazione-aap-confederazione", "planification-de-la-conservation-et-de-larchivage-aap-confederation", "precipitation-enhancement", "soil", "soil-erosion", "sol", "suolo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "boden@bafu.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://opendata.swiss/organization/bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.bafu.niederschlagserosivitaet/items/niederschlagserosivitaet-feb"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.bafu.niederschlagserosivitaet-feb"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309429881_Regionalization_of_monthly_rainfall_erosivity_patterns_in_Switzerland"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/053bcacc-0ae4-4e03-9a79-9e0ecb56cd77-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "053bcacc-0ae4-4e03-9a79-9e0ecb56cd77-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "name": "item", "description": "053bcacc-0ae4-4e03-9a79-9e0ecb56cd77-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/053bcacc-0ae4-4e03-9a79-9e0ecb56cd77-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2022-06-15T00:00:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Occupation of the Sol 2009 (Nord - Pas-de-Calais)", "description": "Land use in Nord - Pas-de-Calais for 2009. Database built by exploitation in computer-aided photo-interpretation of regional color infrared orthophotgraphy at 40 cm resolution provided by the Public Geographic Information Platform. Nomenclature in 52 items.", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}], "keywords": ["amenagement", "amenagement-du-territoire", "dcat", "fr", "nord-pas-de-calais-ancienne-region", "occupation-du-sol", "ocs", "sol", "urbanisme"], "contacts": [{"organization": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/organizations/5df935d8634f414e69469492/", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://opendata.hautsdefrance.fr/geonetwork/srv/resources/datasets/05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/36098fa4-0c00-46f5-9bfe-6481e656f953"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/628985a5-6c2b-4d2b-b1c4-fcc5eac88ab0"}, {"href": "https://www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/r/d5c83412-de52-4257-91dc-69f554abbf84"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507", "name": "item", "description": "05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/05837edd-ad66-4ac1-9b86-5c6c3e2c2507"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "05ab7dfa-9155-4575-a0a3-fdffd52f05d3-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2019-06-27T00:00:00", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland, with average soil loss in tons/(ha*month), July", "description": "Monthly soil erosion risk maps for Swiss permanent grassland with a spatial resolution of 100m. The maps show the average soil loss in tons per hectare and month. Shades of green, yellow and red mean a low, average and high risk of erosion, respectively.The monthly soil erosion risk maps were calculated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). For this RUSLE application, the monthly dynamic of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) and cover and management factor (C-factor) was considered as follows: A(month)= R(month)*K*C(month)*L*S*P where A(month) is the soil loss in tons per hectare and month and R(month) and C(month) are the monthly R-factor (MJ mm ha\u207b\u00b9 h\u207b\u00b9 month\u207b\u00b9) and C-factor (dimensionless). The other erosion factors are soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length (L-factor), slope steepness (S-factor) and support practices (P-factor). The RUSLE factors were tailored to the specific environmental conditions of Swiss permanent grassland. The P-factor was included in the calculation as a constant with value 1 due to a lack of spatial information on grazing management and its effect on soil erosion.", "formats": [{"name": "HTML"}], "keywords": ["amenagement-antierosif", "atmospharische-bedingungen", "atmospheric-conditions", "aufbewahrungs-und-archivierungsplanung-aap-bund", "bgdi-bundesgeodaten-infrastruktur", "boden", "bodenerosion", "ch", "conditions-atmospheriques", "condizioni-atmosferiche", "conservation-and-archiving-planning-aap-confederation", "controllo-dellerosione", "e-geoch", "erosion", "erosion-control", "erosion-du-sol", "erosione", "erosione-del-suolo", "erosionsschutz", "fsdi-federal-spatial-data-infrastructure", "gesundheit-und-sicherheit", "human-health-and-safety", "ifdg-infrastruttura-federale-dei-dati-geografici", "ifdg-linfrastructure-federale-de-donnees-geographiques", "pianificazione-della-conservazione-e-dellarchiviazione-aap-confederazione", "planification-de-la-conservation-et-de-larchivage-aap-confederation", "salute-umana-e-sicurezza", "sante-et-securite-des-personnes", "soil", "soil-erosion", "sol", "suolo"], "contacts": [{"organization": "boden@bafu.admin.ch", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://opendata.swiss/organization/bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://data.geo.admin.ch/browser/index.html#/collections/ch.bafu.erosion-gruenland_bodenabtrag/items/erosion-gruenland_bodenabtrag_jul"}, {"href": "https://map.geo.admin.ch/?layers=ch.bafu.erosion-gruenland_bodenabtrag_jul"}, {"href": "https://wms.geo.admin.ch/?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.3.0&REQUEST=GetCapabilities&lang=de"}, {"href": "https://wmts.geo.admin.ch/EPSG/3857/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml?lang=de"}, {"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17445647.2019.1585980"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/05ab7dfa-9155-4575-a0a3-fdffd52f05d3-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "05ab7dfa-9155-4575-a0a3-fdffd52f05d3-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "name": "item", "description": "05ab7dfa-9155-4575-a0a3-fdffd52f05d3-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/05ab7dfa-9155-4575-a0a3-fdffd52f05d3-bundesamt-fur-umwelt-bafu"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "087ed9289b94fa018bd8436a8e624d4e2f0c872b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "en", "title": "Land use", "description": "Purpose and brief description Ground surface is here divided over agricultural land, built-up land and related sites and others.. Databronnen 1. Totaal landbouwgronden - 1950 & 1970: Landbouw- en bostellingen 1950 en 1970 (Nationaal Instituut voor de Statistiek). - 1955-1969 & 1971-1979: Eurostat ZPA1. - 1980-heden: Landbouwtelling Statbel 2. Totaal bos - 1950, 1970: Landbouw- en bostellingen 1950 en 1970 (Nationaal Instituut voor de Statistiek). - 1980, 1985, 2001-2004, 2011: Schatting gebaseerd op trend van kadastrale data op de recentere bosinventarissen (1984, 1997, 2005 ...). - 1990, 2000, 2005: Bosinventarissen 2007. - 1980, 1985, 1990, 2000, 2005: Inclusief percelen die als \"landbouwgronden\" in het kadaster worden vermeld. - 2012-heden: zelfde waarden als 2011 werden genomen als schatting. 3. Bebouwde gronden en aanverwante terreinen - Kadaster (FOD Financi\u00ebn). - Rubriek 3.7 bevat ook enkele delen van de grote waterlopen. 7. Water - 1955-1976: Eurostat ZPA1. - 1985, 2001-heden: nowcasting (extrapolation). - 1990, 2000: Bron EEA-CORINE. - 1995: Ge\u00efntrapoleerd. 8. Zeegebied in de Noordzee - Vanaf 2015: MUMM-BMM-UGMM 9. Overige terreinen - Restcategorie berekend door landoppervlakte (rubriek 10) te verminderen met alle overige rubrieken. 10. Landoppervlakte - 1955-1979, 1981-1984: Eurostat ZPA1. - 1950, 1980, 1985-heden: Kadaster (FOD Financi\u00ebn). Frequency Yearly. Timing publication Results available 6 months after the reference period. Definitions Terreintypen ADDENDUM: termen en definities (PDF, 293 Kb) Metadata Soil occupation.pdf", "formats": [{"name": "XLSX"}], "keywords": ["be", "boden", "environment", "environnement", "grond", "land-cover-and-use", "leefmilieu", "sol", "umwelt"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Statbel", "roles": ["creator"]}, {"organization": "https://org.belgif.be/id/CbeEstablishmentUnit/2146814391", "roles": ["publisher"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://statbel.fgov.be/de/themen/umwelt/boden/landnutzung"}, {"href": "https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/environment/land-cover-and-use/land-use"}, {"href": "https://statbel.fgov.be/fr/themes/environnement/sol/utilisation-du-sol"}, {"href": "https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/leefmilieu/grond/bodemgebruik"}, {"href": "http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/087ed9289b94fa018bd8436a8e624d4e2f0c872b"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "087ed9289b94fa018bd8436a8e624d4e2f0c872b", "name": "item", "description": "087ed9289b94fa018bd8436a8e624d4e2f0c872b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/087ed9289b94fa018bd8436a8e624d4e2f0c872b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"null": "date"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.202000183", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-09", "title": "Effects of water deficit and nitrogen application on leaf gas exchange, phytohormone signaling, biomass and water use efficiency of oat plants", "description": "Abstract

Background: Water and nitrogen (N) are essential resources influencing plant growth and yield. To improve their efficiencies in crop production is challenging because the physiological mechanisms of water and N coupling and their interactive effect on crop water use efficiency (WUE) are not well understood yet.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and phytohormones signaling in oats in response to soil water status and N supply under fertigation, to explore the mechanisms regulating plant growth and WUE.

Methods: Oat plants were subjected to the factorial combination of three soil moisture regimes (50, 70, and 90% of soil water holding capacity, SWHC) and three N levels (fertilized with 74, 149, and 298 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921).

Results: The stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by soil water deficit, and also by the highest N level, whereas photosynthesis rate (An) was unaffected by neither water nor N. Consequently, intrinsic WUE (WUEint, An/gs) was highest under reduced irrigation and high N fertilization. This effect at stomatal level was affirmed by responses in whole plant WUE (WUEb), which was positively correlated with shoot \uffce\uffb413C. A positive correlation between \uffce\uffb418O and \uffce\uffb413C in shoots further indicated that decreases of gs rather than changes in An contributed to the enhanced WUE.

Conclusion: Moderate soil water deficit and sufficient N supply is recommended for saving irrigation water and improving WUE on fertigated oat plants without compromising biomass accumulation to any large extent.Satellite remote sensing technology has been widely used to estimate surface soil moisture. Numerous efforts have been devoted to develop global soil moisture products. However, these global soil moisture products, normally retrieved from microwave remote sensing data, are typically not suitable for regional hydrological and agricultural applications such as irrigation management and flood predictions, due to their coarse spatial resolution. Therefore, various downscaling methods have been proposed to improve the coarse resolution soil moisture products. The purpose of this paper is to review existing methods for downscaling satellite remotely sensed soil moisture. These methods are assessed and compared in terms of their advantages and limitations. This review also provides the accuracy level of these methods based on published validation studies. In the final part, problems and future trends associated with these methods are analyzed.

As the development of nature\uffe2\uff80\uff90based solutions (NbS) increases globally, it is important to ensure that projects meet the objective of delivering benefits for biodiversity, alongside tackling societal challenges. However, this is challenging because most NbS projects do not directly monitor ecological outcomes, and those that do often focus on a limited set of metrics.

We identify the most informative and feasible above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground ecological metrics for monitoring the ecological outcomes of NbS. We identify possible biodiversity and soil health metrics using a structured non\uffe2\uff80\uff90systematic literature review, and rank these using a scoring system to assess their informativeness and feasibility for monitoring.

Metrics are categorised into compositional, structural, and functional aspects of biodiversity, and biological, physical and chemical aspects of soil health. We group biodiversity and soil health metrics into Tier 1 (the most informative and feasible metrics), Tier 2 (informative metrics with some limitations in scope or feasibility) and Future metrics (highly informative metrics which are currently less feasible to monitor). Tier 1 metrics collectively address multiple aspects of biodiversity and soil health and are the highest priority for NbS project assessments. For biodiversity, 9 Tier 1, 6 Tier 2 and 15 Future metrics were identified, and for soil health there are 11 Tier 1, 6 Tier 2 and 5 Future metrics.

We identify existing standardised methodologies, threshold and reference values for monitoring these metrics, although in many cases, these are not available.

Solution . Our study provides practitioners with a framework for selecting optimum metrics for assessing above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground ecological outcomes of NbS relevant to the location in which they are being implemented. We summarise the relevance of each metric to biodiversity or soil health and provide standardised methodologies for collecting data to support ecological monitoring protocols for NbS projects. The information on each metric is freely available as a searchable online database designed for UK practitioners, but with wider applicability.

The immediate effect of low and high severity wildfires on the main soil properties, as well as their short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90term evolution under field conditions, was examined. The study was performed with three pine forest soils (two Leptosols and one Humic Cambisol, developed over granite and basic schist, respectively), located in the Atlantic humid temperate zone (Galicia, NW Spain). Samples were collected from the A\uffe2\uff80\uff90horizon (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) of the burnt and the corresponding unburnt soils, immediately and 3, 6 and 12 months after the wildfires. Most properties analysed exhibit immediate fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes and different evolution depending on fire severity and soil type. In general, immediately after the fire pH and soil properties related to nutrients availability increased and cation exchange capacity decreased, whereas properties related to soil organic matter content (C, N, Fe and Al oxides) had a variable effect depending mainly on the soil studied; all these modifications were accentuated by fire severity. These effects were attenuated in the short term in the soil affected by a low severity wildfire, but they lasted for at least 1 year in the soils affected by high severity wildfires, particularly in the Leptosols. The results showed the importance of the fire as a disturbance agent in the dynamic of nutrients and soil organic matter that is directly related with soil quality in the Galician forest ecosystems. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

", "keywords": ["Low\u2010 and high\u2010severity forest wildfires", "Leptosol", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Pine stands", "Soil fire impact", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil properties recovery", "15. Life on land", "Cambisols"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1078"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.1078", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.1078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.1078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-29", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Restored Soils By Applying Organic Amendments", "description": "Abstract

The study of different natural carbon sinks has become especially important because of climate change effects. The restoration of contaminated areas can be an ideal strategy for carbon sequestration. The studied area was affected by toxic Aznalc\uffc3\uffb3llar mine spill in 1998. Restoration process of the contaminated area was based, mainly, on the use of two organic amendments: leonardite (LE) and biosolid compost (BC). The objective of this study was to verify whether the application of these amendments promotes the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term carbon sequestration in this soil. Five treatments were established: untreated control, biosolid compost (doses 4 and 2) and leonardite (doses 4 and 2). The addition of amendments implied an improvement in soil quality that was directly related to the amendment dose: decrease in bulk density, increase in pH, higher respiration rates and an improvement in the stratification ratio. Dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent changes in the molecular composition of soil organic matter were shown by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Both amendments promoted carbon retention, although because of the low mineralization rates of soil organic matter in LE treatments, the carbon storage was higher. The dosage effect on the carbon balance was more important in LE treatments, whereas in the BC treatments, the balance was similar for both doses. Our findings suggest that LE4 significantly increased the total organic carbon and it was the most suitable treatment for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term carbon storage, because of its molecular composition rich in relatively stable aromatic and lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived compounds. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "trace element contaminated soil", "13C NMR", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Trace element contaminated soil", "leonardite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biosolid compost", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "biosolid compost", "C sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "C-13 NMR", "Leonardite"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-12", "title": "Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies", "description": "Abstract

Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case\uffe2\uff80\uff90studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.

", "keywords": ["sol", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Sustainable Development Goals", "Sustainable development goals", "regional case studies", "adaptation", "Soil degradation", "01 natural sciences", "service \u00e9cosyst\u00e9mique", "630", "333", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil degradation", "Regional case-studies", "Agrucultural adaption", "DPSIR", "11. Sustainability", "regional case-studies", "Agricultural adaptation; DPSIR; Regional case-studies; Soil degradation; Sustainable Development Goals; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "Climate change", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900", "agricultural adaptation", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp.2250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-09", "title": "Rainfall Impacts Dissolved Organic Matter and Cation Export From Permafrost Catchments and a Glacial River During Late Summer in Northeast Greenland", "description": "ABSTRACT

Ongoing and amplified climate change in the Arctic is leading to glacier retreat and to the exposure of an ever\uffe2\uff80\uff90larger portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glaciated permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated landscapes. Warming will also cause more precipitation to fall as rain, further enhancing the thaw of previously frozen ground. Yet, the impact of those perturbations on the geochemistry of Arctic rivers remains a subject of debate. Here, we determined the geochemical composition of waters from various contrasting non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial permafrost catchments and investigated their impact on a glacially dominated river, the Zackenberg River (Northeast Greenland), during late summer (August 2019). We also studied the effect of rainfall on the geochemistry of the Zackenberg River, its non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries, and a nearby independent non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial headwater stream Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse. We analyzed water properties, quantified and characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM) using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy and radiocarbon isotopes, and set this alongside analyses of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), dissolved silicon (Si), and germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si). The glacier\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed Zackenberg River contained low concentrations of major cations, dissolved Si and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a Ge/Si ratio typical of bulk rock. Glacial DOM was enriched in protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90like fluorescent DOM and displayed relatively depleted radiocarbon values (i.e., old DOM). Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial streams (i.e., tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse) had higher concentrations of major cations and DOC and DOM enriched in aromatic compounds. They showed a wide range of values for radiocarbon, Si and Ge/Si ratios associated with variable contributions of surface runoff relative to deep active layer leaching. Before the rain event, Zackenberg tributaries did not contribute notably to the solute export of the Zackenberg River, and supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost ground waters governed the supply of solutes in Zackenberg tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream. After the rain event, surface runoff modified the composition of Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries strongly increased their contribution to the Zackenberg River solute export. Our results show that summer rainfall events provide an additional source of DOM and Si\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich waters from permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90underlain catchments to the discharge of glacially dominated rivers. This suggests that the magnitude and composition of solute exports from Arctic rivers are modulated by permafrost thaw and summer rain events. This event\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven solute supply will likely impact the carbon cycle in rivers, estuaries, and oceans and should be included into future predictions of carbon balance in these vulnerable Arctic systems.Constructed wetlands (CWs) can be considered as an efficient nature-based solution for the treatment of agricultural drainage water (ADW) and consequently for the mitigation of non-point source pollution. Aiming to provide suggestions for the construction and implementation of CWs, this paper proposes and discusses key parameters of CW design and operation. In order to verify the effect of these features, different case studies were reviewed, focusing on the performance of CWs that are treating agricultural drainage water. The findings showed that design and operational factors (e.g., the application of simple hydraulic structures and vegetation establishment) can improve pollutant removal efficiencies by increasing hydraulic retention time. Hydraulic efficiency of CWs can also be enhanced through certain shape characteristics (e.g., adoption of a high aspect ratio and creation of a long and narrow CW shape). The careful consideration of these parameters before and during CW implementation can therefore help these systems to achieve their full potential. However, further study is recommended to assess the effects of some parameters (e.g., flow direction and the application of deep zones).Diminishing prospects for environmental preservation under climate change are intensifying efforts to boost capture, storage and sequestration (long-term burial) of carbon. However, as Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s biological carbon sinks also shrink, remediation has become a key part of the narrative for terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, blue carbon on polar continental shelves have stronger pathways to sequestration and have increased with climate-forced marine ice losses\uffe2\uff80\uff94becoming the largest known natural negative feedback on climate change. Here we explore the size and complex dynamics of blue carbon gains with spatiotemporal changes in sea ice (60\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921), ice shelves (4\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89giant iceberg generation) and glacier retreat (<\uffe2\uff80\uff891 MtCyear\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Estimates suggest that, amongst these, reduced duration of seasonal sea ice is most important. Decreasing sea ice extent drives longer (not necessarily larger biomass) smaller cell-sized phytoplankton blooms, increasing growth of many primary consumers and benthic carbon storage\uffe2\uff80\uff94where sequestration chances are maximal. However, sea ice losses also create positive feedbacks in shallow waters through increased iceberg movement and scouring of benthos. Unlike loss of sea ice, which enhances existing sinks, ice shelf losses generate brand new carbon sinks both where giant icebergs were, and in their wake. These also generate small positive feedbacks from scouring, minimised by repeat scouring at biodiversity hotspots. Blue carbon change from glacier retreat has been least well quantified, and although emerging fjords are small areas, they have high storage-sequestration conversion efficiencies, whilst blue carbon in polar waters faces many diverse and complex stressors. The identity of these are known (e.g. fishing, warming, ocean acidification, non-indigenous species and plastic pollution) but not their magnitude of impact. In order to mediate multiple stressors, research should focus on wider verification of blue carbon gains, projecting future change, and the broader environmental and economic benefits to safeguard blue carbon ecosystems through law.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Blue carbon", "Ecologie", "Climate Change", "Sea ice", "Nature-based solutions", "Antarctic Regions", "Review", "Evolution des esp\u00e8ces", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "Feedback", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Blue carbon \u00b7 Ecosystem services \u00b7 Sea ice \u00b7 Nature-based solutions \u00b7 Southern Ocean", "Ecosystem services", "Ice Cover", "Seawater", "14. Life underwater", "Southern Ocean", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/332392/3/Barnes2021_Article_SocietalImportanceOfAntarcticN.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Science%20of%20Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00114-021-01748-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-24", "title": "Membrane filtration and isoelectric precipitation technological approaches for the preparation of novel, functional and sustainable protein isolate from lentils", "description": "Isoelectric precipitation and ultrafiltration were investigated for their potential to produce protein products from lentils. Higher protein concentrations were obtained when ultrafiltration was used (>\u200990%), whereas isoelectric precipitation resulted in higher contents of dietary fibre and some minerals (i.e., sodium and phosphorus). Differences in the functional properties between the two ingredients were found as the isoelectric precipitated ingredient showed lower protein solubilities over the investigated pH range (from 3 to 9) which can be linked to the slightly higher hydrophobicity values (2688.7) and total sulfhydryl groups (23.9\u00a0\u00b5M/g) found in this sample. In contrast, the protein ingredient obtained by ultrafiltration was superior with regard to its solubility (48.3%; pH 7), fat-binding capacity (2.24\u00a0g/g), water holding capacity (3.96\u00a0g/g), gelling properties (11%; w/w), and foam-forming capacity (69.6%). The assessment of the environmental performance showed that both LPIs exhibited promising properties and low carbon footprints in comparison to traditional dairy proteins.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Isoelectric precipitation", "Life cycle assessment", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "lentil protein isolate; ultrafltration; isoelectric precipitation; physicochemical properties; protein functionality; life cycle assessment", "Physicochemical properties", "13. Climate action", "Lentil protein isolate", "Ultrafiltration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Protein functionality", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Food%20Research%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00217-019-03296-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-17", "title": "Comparison Of Soil Bacterial Communities Under Diverse Agricultural Land Management And Crop Production Practices", "description": "The composition and structure of bacterial communities were examined in soil subjected to a range of diverse agricultural land management and crop production practices. Length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) of bacterial DNA extracted from soil was used to generate amplicon profiles that were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Five land management programs were initiated in July 2000: conventional, organic, continuous removal of vegetation (disk fallow), undisturbed (weed fallow), and bahiagrass pasture (Paspalum notatum var Argentine). Similar levels in the diversity of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons were detected in soil samples collected from organically and conventionally managed plots 3 and 4 years after initiation of land management programs, whereas significantly lower levels of diversity were observed in samples collected from bahiagrass pasture. Differences in diversity were attributed to effects on how the relative abundance of individual amplicons were distributed (evenness) and not on the total numbers of bacterial 16S rDNA amplicons detected (richness). Similar levels of diversity were detected among all land management programs in soil samples collected after successive years of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivation. A different trend was observed after a multivariate examination of the similarities in genetic composition among soil bacterial communities. After 3 years of land management, similarities in genetic composition of soil bacterial communities were observed in plots where disturbance was minimized (bahiagrass and weed fallow). The genetic compositions in plots managed organically were similar to each other and distinct from bacterial communities in other land management programs. After successive years of tomato cultivation and damage from two major hurricanes, only the composition of soil bacterial communities within organically managed plots continued to maintain a high degree of similarity to each other and remain distinct from other bacterial communities. This study reveals the effects of agricultural land management practices on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in a large-scale, long-term replicated study where the effect of soil type on community attributes was removed.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "DNA", " Bacterial", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DNA", " Ribosomal", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Solanum lycopersicum", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cloning", " Molecular", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-007-9276-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-28", "title": "Plant Responses To Drought Stress And Exogenous Aba Application Are Modulated Differently By Mycorrhization In Tomato And An Aba-Deficient Mutant (Sitiens)", "description": "The aims of the present study are to find out whether the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on plant resistance to water deficit are mediated by the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of the host plant and whether the exogenous ABA application modifies such effects. The ABA-deficient tomato mutant sitiens and its near-isogenic wild-type parental line were used. Plant development, physiology, and expression of plant genes expected to be modulated by AM symbiosis, drought, and ABA were studied. Results showed that only wild-type tomato plants responded positively to mycorrhizal inoculation, while AM symbiosis was not observed to have any effect on plant development in sitiens plants grown under well-watered conditions. The application of ABA to sitiens plants enhanced plant growth both under well-watered and drought stress conditions. In respect to sitiens plants subjected to drought stress, the addition of ABA had a cumulative effect in relation to that of inoculation with G. intraradices. Most of the genes analyzed in this study showed different regulation patterns in wild-type and sitiens plants, suggesting that their gene expression is modulated by the plant ABA phenotype. In the same way, the colonization of roots with the AM fungus G. intraradices differently regulated the expression of these genes in wild-type and in sitiens plants, which could explain the distinctive effect of the symbiosis on each plant ABA phenotype. This also suggests that the effects of the AM symbiosis on plant responses and resistance to water deficit are mediated by the plant ABA phenotype.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Mycorrhizae", "Mutation", "Symbiosis", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-008-9390-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-14", "title": "Surface Organic Carbon Enrichment To Explain Greater Co2 Emissions From Short-Term No-Tilled Soils", "description": "The impact of agricultural practices on CO2 emissions from soils needs to be understood and quantified to enhance ecosystem functions, especially the ability of soils to sequester atmospheric carbon (C), while enhancing food and biomass production. The objective of this study was to assess CO2 emissions in the soil surface following tillage abandonment and to investigate some of the underlying soil physical, chemical and biological controls. Maize (Zea mays) was planted under conventional tillage (T) and no-tillage (NT), both without crop residues under smallholder farming conditions in Potshini, South Africa. Intact top-soil (0\u20130.05 m) core samples (N = 54) from three 5 \u00d7 15 m2 plots per treatment were collected two years after conversion of T to NT to evaluate the short-term CO2 emissions. Depending on the treatment, cores were left intact, compacted by 5 and 10 or had surface crusts removed. They were incubated for 20 days with measurements of CO2 fluxes twice a day during the first three days and once a day thereafter. Soil organic C (SOC) content, soil bulk density (\u03c1b), aggregate stability, soil organic matter quality, and microbial biomass and its activity were evaluated at the onset of the incubation. CO2 emissions were 22% lower under NT compared with T with CO2 emissions of 0.9 \u00b1 0.10 vs 1.1 \u00b1 0.10 mg C\u2013CO2 gC\u22121 day\u22121 under NT and T, respectively, suggesting greater SOC protection under NT. However, there were greater total CO2 emissions per unit of surface by 9% under NT compared to T (1.15 \u00b1 0.03 vs 1.05 \u00b1 0.04 g C\u2013CO2 m\u22122 day\u22121). SOC protection significantly increased with the increase in soil bulk density (r = 0.89) and aggregate stability (from 1.7 \u00b1 0.25 mm to 2.3 \u00b1 0.31, r = 0.50), and to the decrease in microbial biomass and its activity (r = \u22120.59 and \u22120.57, respectively). In contrast, the greater NT CO2 emissions per m2 were explained by top-soil enrichment in SOC by 48% (from 12.4 \u00b1 0.2 to 19.1 \u00b1 0.4 g kg\u22121, r = 0.59). These results on the soil controls of tillage impact on CO2 emissions are expected to inform on the required shifts in agricultural practices for enhancing C sequestration in soils. In the context of the study, any mechanism favoring aggregate stability and promoting SOC allocation deep in the soil profile rather than in the top-soil would greatly diminish soil CO2 outputs and thus stimulate C sequestration.", "keywords": ["550", "non travail du sol", "ma\u00efs", "No-tillage", "no-tillage", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Soil Science", "maize", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Sciences de la Terre", "dioxyde de carbone", "non labour", "Climate change", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "No-tillage;Carbon dioxide;Climate change;Maize;Small holders;Africa", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "climate change", "Small holders", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "\u00e9mission d'azote", "Africa", "8. Economic growth", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "afrique du sud", "small holders", "azote du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-007-9091-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-23", "title": "Effects Of Fertiliser Type And The Presence Or Absence Of Plants On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Irrigated Soils", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N20 emission", "Municipal solid waste", "Composts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Denitrification losses", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pig slurry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9091-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-007-9091-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-007-9091-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-007-9091-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-005-0039-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-10", "title": "Effect Of The Exotic Invasive Plant Solidago Gigantea On Soil Phosphorus Status", "description": "Invasions by exotic plant species can modify biogeochemical cycles and soil properties. We tested whether invasion by early goldenrod (Solidago gigantea, Asteraceae) modifies soil phosphorus pools at three sites in Belgium. Aboveground phytomass and soil samples (0\u201310 cm) were collected in early goldenrod patches and in adjacent, uninvaded, grassland vegetation. Soil P fractions varied between the three sites in line with corresponding differences in organic matter, carbonate and clay contents. In addition to site-specific impacts, plots invaded by goldenrods generally had higher concentrations of labile P [i.e. resin-extractable inorganic P (Pi) and bicarbonate-extractable Pi and organic P]. Soil CO2 release and alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase activities were also higher in invaded plots, suggesting that the increase in labile Pi was due to enhanced mineralization. Phosphorus uptake by vegetation was 1.7\u20132.1 times higher in invaded plots, mostly due to the higher annual yield of S. gigantea. Altogether, the results indicate that S. gigantea enhances P turnover rates in invaded ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "ESPECE ALLOGENE", "SOL", "INVASION", "PHOSPHORE", "MINERALISATION", "INTRODUCTION D'ESPECES", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Sciences bio-m\u00e9dicales et agricoles", "PLANTE", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Sequential phosphorus fractionation", "Soil phosphorus availability", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "AZOTE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Early goldenrod", "Ecologie [v\u00e9g\u00e9tale]", "ESPECE ENVAHISSANTE", "Phosphomonoesterase activity", "Biological invasion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-005-0039-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-005-0039-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-005-0039-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-005-0039-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-10", "title": "Soil Organic Phosphorus And Microbial Community Composition As Affected By 26 Years Of Different Management Strategies", "description": "Open AccessBiology and Fertility of Soils, 44 (5)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "crop rotation; FAME; microbial community composition; solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy; soil organic phosphorus", "microbial community composition", "Solution 31P NMR spectroscopy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy", "15. Life on land", "soil organic phosphorus", "630", "6. Clean water", "FAME", "Microbial community composition", "crop rotation", "Crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-007-0254-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Bacterial And Fungal Microbial Diversity In The Kabete Long-Term Trial, Kenya", "description": "The effects of crop manure and inorganic fertilizers on composition of microbial communities of central high land soils of Kenya are poorly known. For this reason, we have carried out a thirty-two-year-old long-term trial in Kabete, Kenya. These soils were treated with organic (maize stover (MS) at 10 t ha\u22121, farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha\u22121) and inorganic fertilizers 120 kg N, 52.8 kg P (N2P2), N2P2 + MS, N2P2 + FYM, a control, and a fallow for over 30 years. We examined 16S rRNA gene and 28S rRNA gene fingerprints of bacterial and fungal diversity by PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis separation, respectively. The PCR bacterial community structure and diversity were negatively affected by N2P2 and were more closely related to the bacterial structure in the soils without any addition (control) than that of soils with a combination of inorganic and organic or inorganic fertilizers alone. The effect on fungal diversity by N2P2 was different than the effect on bacterial diversity since the fungal diversity was similar to that of the N2P2 + FYM and N2P2 + MS-treated. However, soils treated with organic inputs clustered away from soils amended with inorganic inputs. Organic inputs had a positive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity with or without chemical fertilizers. Results from this study suggested that total diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to agro-ecosystem management practices and may partially explain the yield differences observed between the different treatments.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Microbial diversity", "soil microorganisms", "engrais organique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27870", "Organic and inorganic amendments", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "630", "fertilisation", "biodiversit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4592", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2018", "inorganic fertilizers", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34326", "fertility", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949", "g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "6. Clean water", "fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "PCR", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34079", "polymerization", "community structure", "abonos inorg\u00e1nicos", "management", "570", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7170", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7172", "flore microbienne", "soil", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36167", "micro-organisme du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "organic fertilizers", "abonos org\u00e1nicos", "pratique culturale", "microorganismos del suelo", "suelo", "flore du sol", "P35 - Fertilit\u00e9 du sol", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "polimerizaci\u00f3n", "15. Life on land", "engrais min\u00e9ral", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16367", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4086", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-011-0539-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-025-10429-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-24T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-20", "title": "Regenerating productivity after soil fertility depletion in a 20-year cotton\u2013maize rotation in Benin", "description": "Abstract

Soil degradation is a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, where integrated soil fertility management has been promoted to restore productivity. A long-term experiment (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) run in Benin consisted of two phases: a depletion phase (1972\uffe2\uff80\uff931980) with varying levels of mineral and organic fertilisation, and a regeneration phase (1981\uffe2\uff80\uff931992) where all plots received full fertilisation and organic matter additions. Soils were sampled at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm depth in 1973, 1974, 1982, and 1989 to assess fertility changes. Mineral fertilisation (N, P, K) and plant biomass management (crop residue retention and biomass additions) significantly influenced seed cotton and maize grain yields during the depletion phase. Soil organic carbon declined consistently in all treatments during depletion but remained stable during regeneration. The long-term effect was evident only in seed cotton yield during depletion. In contrast, due to high variability, maize grain yield showed no consistent trend. The combined use of organic resources and mineral fertilisers helped maintain crop productivity but led to declining soil chemical properties in this Ferralsol. The analysis of this outdated yet unpublished dataset shed light on how long-term soil depletion effects persist over time, even when soil fertility management is restored, indicating a sort of \uffe2\uff80\uff98soil memory\uffe2\uff80\uff99. The persistence of these effect suggests that regenerative interventions must begin before critical thresholds of degradation are crossed. Future research should focus on alternative measures to restore/maintain soil fertility not evaluated in this experiment, such as conservation tillage or legume integration, to provide long-term benefits for smallholder farmers facing soil fertility challenges.