{"type": "FeatureCollection", "facets": {"type": {"type": "terms", "property": "type", "buckets": [{"value": "Journal Article", "count": 22}]}, "soil_chemical_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_chemical_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "soil organic carbon", "count": 8}, {"value": "carbon", "count": 2}, {"value": "soil organic matter", "count": 1}]}, "soil_biological_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_biological_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "microbial biomass", "count": 4}]}, "soil_physical_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_physical_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "aggregate stability", "count": 22}]}, "soil_classification": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_classification", "buckets": []}, "soil_functions": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_functions", "buckets": [{"value": "productivity", "count": 2}, {"value": "soil fertility", "count": 1}]}, "soil_threats": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_threats", "buckets": [{"value": "soil compaction", "count": 1}, {"value": "soil erosion", "count": 1}, {"value": "waterlogging", "count": 1}]}, "soil_processes": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_processes", "buckets": [{"value": "greenhouse gas emissions", "count": 2}]}, "soil_management": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_management", "buckets": []}, "ecosystem_services": {"type": "terms", "property": "ecosystem_services", "buckets": []}}, "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115383", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-16", "title": "Long-term soil quality effects of soil and crop management in organic and conventional arable cropping systems", "description": "Improving or maintaining soil health is crucial to support human needs, with the concept of soil quality connecting soil functions and sustainability concerns. In 2019, we assessed soil chemical, physical and biological properties in a long-term crop rotation experiment initiated in 1997 at Foulum, Denmark, with the aim of determining the long-term soil quality effects of the use of cover crops, animal manure, different crop sequences (with or without a legume-based ley) and organic vs conventional management. The concentration of soil organic carbon has been relatively stable across all treatments for 14 years prior to this investigation; in 2019, we found high aggregate stability, porosity, air permeability and pore organization in all treatments. Bulk density, air permeability and pore organization were affected to some extent by soil and crop management, with bulk density being the lowest in the organic treatment without cover crops, which had the most frequent harrowing. Earthworm density was the greatest in the organic system with grass-clover, especially following the ley year, thanks to a combination of high quality plant input and reduced soil disturbance. From a system perspective, none of the treatments investigated represented extremes, and all maintained good soil quality in the long-term. This indicates that long-term management should take into account the combination of different factors affecting soil quality.", "keywords": ["EUROPE", "05 Environmental Sciences", "Soil Science", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "COVER CROPS", "CARBON", "Soil health", "07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Earthworms", "AGGREGATE STABILITY", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "PRODUCTIVITY", "Soil structural stability", "Agriculture", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "4106 Soil sciences", "NO-TILL", "NITROGEN", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "MATTER", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115383"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115383", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115383", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115383"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Can Cover Crop Use Allow Increased Levels Of Corn Residue Removal For Biofuel In Irrigated And Rainfed Systems?", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal at high rates can result in negative impacts to soil ecosystem services. The use of cover crops could be a potential strategy to ameliorate any adverse effects of residue removal while allowing greater removal levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes in water erosion potential, soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentration, and crop yields under early- and late-terminated cover crop (CC) combined with five levels of corn residue removal after 3\u00a0years on rainfed and irrigated no-till continuous corn in Nebraska. Treatments were no CC, early- and late-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC, and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% corn residue removal rates. Complete residue removal reduced mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates (5\u00a0cm depth) by 29% compared to no removal at the rainfed site only, suggesting increased water erosion risk at rainfed sites. Late-terminated CC significantly increased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 27 to 37% at both sites compared to no CC, but early-terminated CC had no effect. The increased MWD with late-terminated CC suggests that CC when terminated late can offset residue removal-induced risks of water erosion. Residue removal and CC did not affect SOC and total soil N concentration. Particulate organic matter increased with late-terminated CC at the irrigated site compared to no CC. Complete residue removal increased irrigated grain yield by 9% in 1\u00a0year relative to no removal. Late-terminated CC had no effect on corn yield except in 1\u00a0year when yield was 8% lower relative to no CC due to low precipitation at corn establishment. Overall, late-terminated CC ameliorates residue removal-induced increases in water erosion potential and could allow greater levels of removal without reducing corn yields in most years, in the short term, under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["330", "Plant Biology", "Winter rye", "Horticulture", "Aggregate stability", "Mean weight diameter", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Agricultural Science", "Residue removal", "2. Zero hunger", "Late termination", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Early termination", "Corn yield", "Cover crop", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-21", "title": "Effects Of Wildfire And Laboratory Heating On Soil Aggregate Stability Of Pine Forests In Galicia: The Role Of Lithology, Soil Organic Matter Content And Water Repellency", "description": "Abstract   The present work aims to assess the effects of wildfires on soil aggregate stability and the role therein of contrasting lithologies as well as of fire-induced changes in organic matter content and soil water repellency. To this end, a pair-wise comparison of neighbouring burned and unburned soils was carried out and complemented by laboratory heating experiments to clarify the role of fire intensity.  In total, 18 pairs of adjacent burned and unburned pine forest soils were sampled within one month after wildfire. At each site, five samples were collected of the top 5\u00a0cm of the A horizon at randomly selected sample points and were mixed in the field to obtain one composite sample per site. Three additional samples were collected at each site but stored separately, and those of three sites were selected for the laboratory heating experiments. Laboratory heating involved five different temperatures ranging from 25 to 460\u00a0\u00b0C. Aggregate stability of the field and laboratory samples was determined using the water drop impact test, organic carbon content using a modified Sauerlandt method and soil water repellency using the \u2018Molarity of an Ethanol Droplet\u2019 test.  The wildfire effects on field aggregate stability were highly variable and results indicated that these changes depend primarily on organic matter combustion and, thus, fire intensity. Controlled heating up to 220\u00a0\u00b0C either did not alter aggregate stability or increased it with increasing temperature, possibly due to the development of a protective coating of organic compounds inducing water repellency. Heating at 380 and 460\u00a0\u00b0C, by contrast, produced considerable to massive combustion of organic matter and, thereby, very pronounced reduction of aggregate stability as well as water repellency.", "keywords": ["Water repellency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Wildfire", "15. Life on land", "Aggregate stability", "Laboratory heating experiments", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-03", "title": "Dynamics Of Aggregate Destabilization By Water In Soils Under Long-Term Conservation Tillage In Semiarid Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water aggregate stability", "Soil organic carbon", "No tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Dryland cereal farming", "15. Life on land", "Slaking"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-22", "title": "The Impact Of Manure, Straw And Biochar Amendments On Aggregation And Erosion In A Hillslope Ultisol", "description": "Soil erosion is a serious problem in subtropical China where hillslope red soils (Ultisols in US soil taxonomy) are intensively cultivated. Manure and amendments have been reported to improve crop growth and soil structural stability in long-term experiments so the objective of this study was to determine the effect of different organic amendments on soil aggregate stability, agronomic performance, runoff, and erosion. Four treatments consisted of inorganic NPK fertilizer (NPK), NPK fertilizer plus rice straw mulch (NPK + Str), NPK fertilizer plus rice straw-derived biochar (NPK + BC), and NPK fertilizer plus swine manure (NPK + OM) located on land with a 9\u201314% slope planted with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). During the peanut season, soil erosion ranged from around 2600 ton km\u2212 2 with just inorganic NPK fertilizer down to 627 ton km\u2212 2 with fertilizer plus swine manure, while addition of swine manure also increased the above-ground biomass and SOC (P   0.05) except the SOC, because biochar was susceptible to erosion (2115 ton km\u2212 2). The least erosion was observed in the straw mulch treatment (225 ton km\u2212 2), while it improved the above-ground biomass (P < 0.05) but not the C stock. The results indicated that the application of organic manure was a more appropriate practice for hillslope Ultisols management than using biochar.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "soil structure", "organic amendment", "aggregate stability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peng, Xinhua, Zhu, Q. H., Xie, Zubin, Darboux, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, Holden, Nick M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-30", "title": "Tillage And Cropping Intensification Effects On Soil Aggregation: Temporal Dynamics And Controlling Factors Under Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water aggregate stability", "Semiarid agroecosystems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mean weight diameter", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-13", "title": "Soil Sustainability Indicators Following Conservation Tillage Practices Under Subtropical Maize And Bean Crops", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Glomalin related soil protein", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "No tillage", "C sequestration", "Dehydrogenase activity", "Microbial biomass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "15. Life on land", "Aggregate stability", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00445.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-09", "title": "Permanent Raised Beds Improved Soil Structure And Yield Of Spring Wheat In Arid North-Western China", "description": "Abstract<p>In arid north\uffe2\uff80\uff90western China, soil degradation, limited water and subsequent yield decline, largely as a result of excessive tillage and residue removal practices, are the main factors limiting further development of local agriculture. The effects of permanent raised beds (PRB), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and traditional tillage (TT) on soil structure and yield were investigated in a wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 maize (Zea maysL.) cropping system from 2004 to 2009 in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, China. PRB and NT had more macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates (&gt;0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm, +2.7%), a better distribution of pore size classes and improved hydraulic conductivity, whereas TT soils were dominated by micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregates and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90porosity. In PRB, soil bulk density decreased significantly by 6.3 and 7.0% for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths relative to TT. The PRB mean crop yields increased by 4.2% and water use efficiency improved by 21.3% compared with TT because of greater soil moisture and improved soil physical and chemical status. These improvements in soil properties, yield and water use are of considerable importance for soil regeneration, food security and sustainable agriculture in arid regions, such as north\uffe2\uff80\uff90western China.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil fertility", "soil porosity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "yield", "permanent raised beds", "630", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00445.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00445.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00445.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00445.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-30", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Pool Changes Following Land-Use Conversions", "description": "Abstract<p>Carbon (C) can be sequestered in the mineral soil after the conversion of intensively cropped agricultural fields to more extensive land uses such as afforested and natural succession ecosystems. Three land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use treatments from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological research site at Kellogg biological station in Michigan were compared with a nearby deciduous forest. Treatments included a conventionally tilled cropland, a former cropland afforested with poplar for 10 years and an old field (10 years) succession. We used soil aggregate and soil organic matter fractionation techniques to isolate C pools that (1) have a high potential for C storage and (2) accumulate C at a fast rate during afforestation or succession. These fractions could serve as sensitive indicators for the total change in C content due to land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use changes. At the mineral soil surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), afforesting significantly increased soil aggregation to levels similar to native forest. However, surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) C did not follow this trend: soil C of the native forest site (22.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was still significantly greater than the afforested (12.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and succession (15.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. However, when the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil layer was considered, no differences in total soil C were observed between the cropland and the poplar afforested system, while the successional system increased total soil C (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) at a rate of 0.786\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Afforested soils sequestered C mainly in the fine intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregate particulate organic matter (POM) (53\uffe2\uff80\uff93250\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm), whereas the successional soils sequestered C preferentially in the mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic matter and fine intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregate POM C pools.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "afforesting", "mineral-associated carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "intra-aggregate carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "particulate organic matter", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x,", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-30", "description": "Abstract<p>Carbon (C) can be sequestered in the mineral soil after the conversion of intensively cropped agricultural fields to more extensive land uses such as afforested and natural succession ecosystems. Three land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use treatments from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological research site at Kellogg biological station in Michigan were compared with a nearby deciduous forest. Treatments included a conventionally tilled cropland, a former cropland afforested with poplar for 10 years and an old field (10 years) succession. We used soil aggregate and soil organic matter fractionation techniques to isolate C pools that (1) have a high potential for C storage and (2) accumulate C at a fast rate during afforestation or succession. These fractions could serve as sensitive indicators for the total change in C content due to land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use changes. At the mineral soil surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm), afforesting significantly increased soil aggregation to levels similar to native forest. However, surface soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) C did not follow this trend: soil C of the native forest site (22.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was still significantly greater than the afforested (12.6\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and succession (15.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. However, when the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm soil layer was considered, no differences in total soil C were observed between the cropland and the poplar afforested system, while the successional system increased total soil C (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) at a rate of 0.786\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Afforested soils sequestered C mainly in the fine intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregate particulate organic matter (POM) (53\uffe2\uff80\uff93250\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffce\uffbcm), whereas the successional soils sequestered C preferentially in the mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic matter and fine intra\uffe2\uff80\uff90aggregate POM C pools.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "afforesting", "mineral-associated carbon", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "intra-aggregate carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "particulate organic matter", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x,"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x,", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x,", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00786.x,"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1134/s1064229320050026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-28", "title": "Water Stability of Soil Aggregates in a 50-Year-Old Soil Formation Experiment on Calcareous Glacial Till", "description": "Soil formation on the human time scale is immensely time consuming, although it can be significantly accelerated through the effects of vegetation. The content of water-stable aggregates (WSAs) is a useful indicator for determining both the soil development level and the soil quality. However, in severely degraded soils, especially in the Baltic pedoclimatic region, the effects of vegetation on the aggregate stability have been poorly studied. Therefore, to obtain more knowledge about the impact of vegetation on WSA, and thereby knowing how to improve it, this study was conducted on a long-term soil formation experiment in Estonia near Tartu. In 1964, the initial soil from an area of 20 \u00d7 8 m down to 100 cm depth was replaced with a sandy loam calcareous glacial till. The experiment started on April 26, 1965, when plants were sown on the plot. The topsoil (0\u201320 cm) samples were analyzed in 1966, 2000, 2007, and 2014. The study indicated that perennial grasses (meadow fescue and common meadow-grass) fertilized with P40K75, compared to N150P40K75, decreased the WSA content, as well at the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the total nitrogen content (Ntot). The hybrid alfalfa treatment resulted in the significantly highest SOC and Ntot accumulation, but not in the overall highest WSA content. Under barley, manure positively affected the WSA and SOC, though many other physical properties were not improved. Compared to the initial till under bare fallow, the SOC and Ntot contents were significantly higher under grown crops, but the WSA content remained the same. In addition, regardless of the grown crops, the WSA of larger (0.25\u20132 mm) aggregates was substantially higher than that of smaller (0.25\u20131 mm) aggregates. Also, as the relationship between WSA and SOC in the study was linear, the soil was far from C saturation and still in development. Overall, it can be concluded that the cultivation of perennial grasses and hybrid alfalfa on the severely eroded soil is the most rational option to improve the water stability of aggregates and increase the SOC and Ntot contents. However, because of the complexity of the aggregation process, further research is still needed.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "fertilization", "articles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vegetation treatments", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "calcareous glacial till", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1064229320050026.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229320050026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Eurasian%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1134/s1064229320050026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1134/s1064229320050026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1134/s1064229320050026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20140675", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-29", "title": "Soil Quality In Relation To Forest Conversion To Perennial Or Annual Cropping In Southern Brazil", "description": "<p>Many forested areas have been converted to intensive agricultural use to satisfy food, fiber, and forage production for a growing world population. There is great interest in evaluating forest conversion to cultivated land because this conversion adversely affects several soil properties. We examined soil microbial, physical, and chemical properties in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distr\uffc3\uffb3fico) of southern Brazil 24 years after forest conversion to a perennial crop with coffee or annual grain crops (maize and soybeans) in conventional tillage or no-tillage. One goal was to determine which soil quality parameters seemed most sensitive to change. A second goal was to test the hypothesis that no-tillage optimized preservation of soil quality indicators in annual cropping systems on converted land. Land use significantly affected microbial biomass and its activity, C and N mineralization, and aggregate stability by depth. Cultivated sites had lower microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than a forest used as control. The forest and no-tillage sites had higher microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than the conventional tillage site, and the metabolic quotient was 65 and 43 % lower, respectively. Multivariate analysis of soil microbial properties showed a clear separation among treatments, displaying a gradient from conventional tillage to forest. Although the soil at the coffee site was less disturbed and had a high organic C content, the microbial activity was low, probably due to greater soil acidity and Al toxicity. Under annual cropping, microbial activity in no-tillage was double that of the conventional tillage management. The greater microbial activity in forest and no-tillage sites may be attributed, at least partially, to lower soil disturbance. Reducing soil disturbance is important for soil C sequestration and microbial activity, although control of soil pH and Al toxicity are also essential to maintain the soil microbial activity high.</p>", "keywords": ["preparo do solo", "2. Zero hunger", "uso do solo", "estabilidade de agregados", "Agriculture (General)", "coffee", "land use", "cafeeiro", "biological activity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "atividade biol\u00f3gica", "S1-972", "potential mineralization", "mineraliza\u00e7\u00e3o potencial", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140675"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20140675", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/01000683rbcs20140675", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140675"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture10110527", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The decomposition of fresh crop residues added to soil for agricultural purposes is complex. This is due to different factors that influence the decomposition process. In field conditions, the incorporation of crop residues into soil does not always have a positive effect on aggregate stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition effects of residues from two different cover crops (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Secale cereale) and one main crop (wheat straw) on soil aggregate stability. A 105-day incubation experiment was conducted in which crop residues were mixed with sandy loam soil at a rate of 6 g C kg\u22121 of soil. During the incubation, there were five water additions. The decomposition effects of organic matter on soil conditions during incubation were evaluated by determining the soil functional groups; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions; soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The functional groups of the plant residues and the soil were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a double exponential model was used to estimate the decomposition rates. The results show that the decomposition rate of fresh organic materials was correlated with the soil functional groups and the C/N ratio. Oilseed rape and rye, with lower C/N ratios than wheat straw residues, had faster decomposition rates and higher CO2 and N2O emissions than wheat straw. The CO2 and N2O flush at the start of the experiment corresponded to a decrease of soil aggregate stability (from Day 3 to Day 10 for CO2 and from Day 19 to Day 28 for N2O emissions), which was linked to higher decomposition rates of the labile fraction. The lower decomposition rates contributed to higher remaining C (carbon) and higher soil aggregate stability. The results also show that changes in the soil functional groups due to crop residue incorporation did not significantly influence aggregate stability. Soil moisture (SM) negatively influenced the aggregate stability and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in all treatments (oilseed rape, rye, wheat straw, and control). Irrespective of the water addition procedure, rye and wheat straw residues had a positive effect on water-stable aggregates more frequently than oilseed rape during the incubation period. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes after the incorporation of fresh crop residues from cover crops. A future field study investigating the influence of incorporation rates of different crop residues on soil aggregate stability would be of great interest.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "greenhouse gas emissions", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "decomposition rates", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "articles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/527/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/527/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110527"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture10110527", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture10110527", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture10110527"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-22", "title": "The Effects of Crops Together with Winter Cover Crops on the Content of Soil Water-Stable Aggregates in Organic Farming", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The stability of the soil aggregates is an important soil quality indicator, as it affects the soil\u2019s overall functionality. As the soil aggregates are highly affected by agricultural practices, it is essential to know how crops interact with the aggregation process. Therefore, for obtaining more knowledge, this research was conducted in Estonia in an organic crop rotation field experiment from 2012/2013 through 2015/2016 to study the effects of crops (potato \u2192 spring barley undersown with red clover \u2192 red clover \u2192 winter wheat \u2192 pea) under different treatments (TC\u2014control; TW\u2014winter cover crops; TW+M\u2014TW with farmyard manure 40 Mg ha\u22121 per crop rotation). The results showed that in the topsoil (5\u201310 cm), the soil water-stable aggregate (WSA) content (determined by the wet sieving method) from highest to lowest was following: pea (61.7%), winter wheat (61.6%), spring barley (61.5%), red clover (59.3%), potato (57.1%); whereas in the subsoil (30\u201335 cm): potato (50.6%), pea (48.5%), red clover (47.9%), spring barley (47.7%), winter wheat (46.4%). Therefore, potato was a noticeable crop, as among the crops, it had the lowest WSA content in the topsoil, while highest in the subsoil. The results shown gave an assumption that the after-effects of some crops (foremost with pea) were noticeable in the soil properties during the following crop. In the topsoil, the differences between crops were significant among crops just for TW and TW+M treatments. In TW, potato was lower than spring barley and winter wheat, but not significantly lower than pea or red clover. In the subsoil, significant differences between crops were observed for TC and TW treatments: in TC, potato was just significantly greater than red clover (but similar to other crops), and in TW, significantly greater than winter wheat. Furthermore, in the topsoil the soil organic carbon (SOC) content was not significantly affected by crops, and the use of winter cover crops generally increased the SOC content while concurrently decreased the WSA content and the soil maximum water holding capacity. This was probably caused by the additional tillage operations which cancelled out the possible benefits for the soil aggregates. As a consequence of the constantly declining SOC content, caused by the weakened soil aggregates, the plant-available P and K contents, especially in the absence of manure applications, decreased as well, probably due to the combination of fixation and removal of plant biomass. Therefore, it is expected that by continuing this trend, the plant growing conditions decline, which in turn will have a negative effect for the aggregate formation and carbon sequestration, which are essential for plant growth.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "winter cover crops", "15. Life on land", "aggregate stability", "maximum water holding capacity", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1035/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11111035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11111035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-06", "description": "<p>Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential bioenergy feedstock, but little is known about the impacts of reducing stover return on yield and soil quality in the Northern US Corn Belt. Our study objectives were to measure the impact of three stover return rates (Full (~7.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), Moderate (~3.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or Low (~1.5 Mg ha yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) Return) on corn and soybean (Glycine max. L [Merr.]) yields and on soil dynamic properties on a chisel-tilled (Chisel) field, and well- (NT1995) or newly- (NT2005) established no-till managed fields. Stover return rate did not affect corn and soybean yields except under NT1995 where Low Return (2.88 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) reduced yields compared with Full and Moderate Return (3.13 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). In NT1995 at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm depth, particulate organic matter in Full Return and Moderate Return (14.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) exceeded Low Return (11.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921). In NT2005, acid phosphatase activity was reduced about 20% in Low Return compared to Full Return. Also the Low Return had an increase in erodible-sized dry aggregates at the soil surface compared to Full Return. Three or fewer cycles of stover treatments revealed little evidence for short-term impacts on crop yield, but detected subtle soil changes that indicate repeated harvests may have negative consequences if stover removed.</p>", "keywords": ["cellulosic feedstock; sustainability; residue management; bioenergy; dry aggregate stability; FAME; particulate organic matter; microbial biomass; soil organic carbon", "Agriculture (General)", "bioenergy", "7. Clean energy", "S1-972", "dry aggregate stability", "particulate organic matter", "2. Zero hunger", "residue management", "microbial biomass", "cellulosic feedstock", "jel:Q1", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "FAME", "6. Clean water", "soil organic carbon", "jel:Q11", "jel:Q10", "jel:Q15", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q14", "jel:Q13", "jel:Q12", "jel:Q18", "jel:Q17", "jel:Q16"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/3/1/72/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3010072"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture3010072"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-95162011000400004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-09", "description": "Total and particulate organic matter content in different aggregate sizes can be used as an indicator of land use effect. We hypothesized that tillage reduction increases total (SOC) and particulate soil organic C (POC) contents and the stability of larger aggregates of high-SOC-content Mollisols. Three management systems (continuous pasture (Pp), and continuous cropping under conventional tillage (CT) and notillage (NT)) were evaluated. Oven dried soil samples (0-5 and 5-20 cm), were wet sieved through 2000, 250 and 50 \u00b5m sieves after immersion (IW) and capillary (CW) wetting. Particulate organic matter (>50 \u00b5m) was separated in both the whole soil and in each aggregate fraction, SOC and mineral associated organic C contents were determined, and POC was calculated by subtraction. Reduced soil disturbance (Pp and NT) yielded more SOC and POC in the whole soil and macroaggregates with higher stability (Pp>NT>CT). Under Pp, macroaggregates showed the highest SOC and POC. Under NT, macroaggregates showed higher SOC and POC and aggregate stability than CT though lower than Pp. Less tillage-induced disruption (Pp and NT) led to higher SOC and POC contents in more stable macroaggregates but continuous no-tillage appeared not to be enough to reverse the effects of long lasting conventional management practices on these Mollisols.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil aggregates", "15. Life on land", "tillage systems", "particulate organic matter", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162011000400004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20soil%20science%20and%20plant%20nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-95162011000400004", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-95162011000400004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-95162011000400004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/259704", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-18", "title": "Lessons from a landmark 1991 article on soil structure: distinct precedence of non-destructive assessment and benefits of fresh perspectives in soil research", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>In 1991, at the launch of a national symposium devoted to soil structure, the Australian Society of Soil Science invited Professor John Letey to deliver a keynote address, which was later published in the society\u2019s journal. In his lecture, he shared the outcome of his reflexion about what the assessment of soil structure should amount to, in order to produce useful insight into the functioning of soils. His viewpoint was that the focus should be put on the openings present in the structure, rather than on the chunks of material resulting from its mechanical dismantlement. In the present article, we provide some historical background for Letey\u2019s analysis, and try to explain why it took a number of years for the paradigm shift that he advocated to begin to occur. Over the last decade, his perspective that soil structure needs to be characterised via non-destructive methods appears to have gained significant momentum, which is likely to increase further in the near future, as we take advantage of recent technological advances. Other valuable lessons that one can derive from Letey\u2019s pioneering article relate to the extreme value for everyone, even neophytes, to constantly ask questions about where research on given topics is heading, what its goals are, and whether the methods that are used at a certain time are optimal.</p></article>", "keywords": ["570", "soil image analysis", "soil microorganisms", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil measuring", "earthworms", "micromorphology", "Aggregate stability", "Soil functions", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Soil fauna", "soil organic matter", "Earthworms", "Micromorphology", "Computed tomography", "aggregate stability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil measuring", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "computed tomography", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil functions", "15. Life on land", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil image analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil fauna", "earthworms; micromorphology", "Soil microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/259704"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/259704", "name": "item", "description": "10261/259704", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/259704"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/398018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-23", "title": "Developing topsoil structure through conservation management to protect subsoil from compaction", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Conservation management", "Compaction", "Dynamic penetrometer", "Aggregate stability", "Subsoil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/398018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/398018", "name": "item", "description": "10261/398018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/398018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10492/6396", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The decomposition of fresh crop residues added to soil for agricultural purposes is complex. This is due to different factors that influence the decomposition process. In field conditions, the incorporation of crop residues into soil does not always have a positive effect on aggregate stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition effects of residues from two different cover crops (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Secale cereale) and one main crop (wheat straw) on soil aggregate stability. A 105-day incubation experiment was conducted in which crop residues were mixed with sandy loam soil at a rate of 6 g C kg\u22121 of soil. During the incubation, there were five water additions. The decomposition effects of organic matter on soil conditions during incubation were evaluated by determining the soil functional groups; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions; soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The functional groups of the plant residues and the soil were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a double exponential model was used to estimate the decomposition rates. The results show that the decomposition rate of fresh organic materials was correlated with the soil functional groups and the C/N ratio. Oilseed rape and rye, with lower C/N ratios than wheat straw residues, had faster decomposition rates and higher CO2 and N2O emissions than wheat straw. The CO2 and N2O flush at the start of the experiment corresponded to a decrease of soil aggregate stability (from Day 3 to Day 10 for CO2 and from Day 19 to Day 28 for N2O emissions), which was linked to higher decomposition rates of the labile fraction. The lower decomposition rates contributed to higher remaining C (carbon) and higher soil aggregate stability. The results also show that changes in the soil functional groups due to crop residue incorporation did not significantly influence aggregate stability. Soil moisture (SM) negatively influenced the aggregate stability and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in all treatments (oilseed rape, rye, wheat straw, and control). Irrespective of the water addition procedure, rye and wheat straw residues had a positive effect on water-stable aggregates more frequently than oilseed rape during the incubation period. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes after the incorporation of fresh crop residues from cover crops. A future field study investigating the influence of incorporation rates of different crop residues on soil aggregate stability would be of great interest.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "greenhouse gas emissions", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "decomposition rates", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "articles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/527/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/11/527/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10492/6396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10492/6396", "name": "item", "description": "10492/6396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10492/6396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10492/6397", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-28", "title": "Water Stability of Soil Aggregates in a 50-Year-Old Soil Formation Experiment on Calcareous Glacial Till", "description": "Soil formation on the human time scale is immensely time consuming, although it can be significantly accelerated through the effects of vegetation. The content of water-stable aggregates (WSAs) is a useful indicator for determining both the soil development level and the soil quality. However, in severely degraded soils, especially in the Baltic pedoclimatic region, the effects of vegetation on the aggregate stability have been poorly studied. Therefore, to obtain more knowledge about the impact of vegetation on WSA, and thereby knowing how to improve it, this study was conducted on a long-term soil formation experiment in Estonia near Tartu. In 1964, the initial soil from an area of 20 \u00d7 8 m down to 100 cm depth was replaced with a sandy loam calcareous glacial till. The experiment started on April 26, 1965, when plants were sown on the plot. The topsoil (0\u201320 cm) samples were analyzed in 1966, 2000, 2007, and 2014. The study indicated that perennial grasses (meadow fescue and common meadow-grass) fertilized with P40K75, compared to N150P40K75, decreased the WSA content, as well at the accumulation rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the total nitrogen content (Ntot). The hybrid alfalfa treatment resulted in the significantly highest SOC and Ntot accumulation, but not in the overall highest WSA content. Under barley, manure positively affected the WSA and SOC, though many other physical properties were not improved. Compared to the initial till under bare fallow, the SOC and Ntot contents were significantly higher under grown crops, but the WSA content remained the same. In addition, regardless of the grown crops, the WSA of larger (0.25\u20132 mm) aggregates was substantially higher than that of smaller (0.25\u20131 mm) aggregates. Also, as the relationship between WSA and SOC in the study was linear, the soil was far from C saturation and still in development. Overall, it can be concluded that the cultivation of perennial grasses and hybrid alfalfa on the severely eroded soil is the most rational option to improve the water stability of aggregates and increase the SOC and Ntot contents. However, because of the complexity of the aggregation process, further research is still needed.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "fertilization", "articles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vegetation treatments", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "calcareous glacial till", "6. Clean water", "aggregate stability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1064229320050026.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10492/6397"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Eurasian%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10492/6397", "name": "item", "description": "10492/6397", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10492/6397"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3195913929", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-16", "title": "Long-term soil quality effects of soil and crop management in organic and conventional arable cropping systems", "description": "Improving or maintaining soil health is crucial to support human needs, with the concept of soil quality connecting soil functions and sustainability concerns. In 2019, we assessed soil chemical, physical and biological properties in a long-term crop rotation experiment initiated in 1997 at Foulum, Denmark, with the aim of determining the long-term soil quality effects of the use of cover crops, animal manure, different crop sequences (with or without a legume-based ley) and organic vs conventional management. The concentration of soil organic carbon has been relatively stable across all treatments for 14 years prior to this investigation; in 2019, we found high aggregate stability, porosity, air permeability and pore organization in all treatments. Bulk density, air permeability and pore organization were affected to some extent by soil and crop management, with bulk density being the lowest in the organic treatment without cover crops, which had the most frequent harrowing. Earthworm density was the greatest in the organic system with grass-clover, especially following the ley year, thanks to a combination of high quality plant input and reduced soil disturbance. From a system perspective, none of the treatments investigated represented extremes, and all maintained good soil quality in the long-term. This indicates that long-term management should take into account the combination of different factors affecting soil quality.", "keywords": ["EUROPE", "05 Environmental Sciences", "Soil Science", "PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "COVER CROPS", "CARBON", "Soil health", "07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Earthworms", "AGGREGATE STABILITY", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "PRODUCTIVITY", "Soil structural stability", "Agriculture", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "4106 Soil sciences", "NO-TILL", "NITROGEN", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "MATTER", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3195913929"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3195913929", "name": "item", "description": "3195913929", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3195913929"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3211325926", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-22", "title": "The Effects of Crops Together with Winter Cover Crops on the Content of Soil Water-Stable Aggregates in Organic Farming", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The stability of the soil aggregates is an important soil quality indicator, as it affects the soil\u2019s overall functionality. As the soil aggregates are highly affected by agricultural practices, it is essential to know how crops interact with the aggregation process. Therefore, for obtaining more knowledge, this research was conducted in Estonia in an organic crop rotation field experiment from 2012/2013 through 2015/2016 to study the effects of crops (potato \u2192 spring barley undersown with red clover \u2192 red clover \u2192 winter wheat \u2192 pea) under different treatments (TC\u2014control; TW\u2014winter cover crops; TW+M\u2014TW with farmyard manure 40 Mg ha\u22121 per crop rotation). The results showed that in the topsoil (5\u201310 cm), the soil water-stable aggregate (WSA) content (determined by the wet sieving method) from highest to lowest was following: pea (61.7%), winter wheat (61.6%), spring barley (61.5%), red clover (59.3%), potato (57.1%); whereas in the subsoil (30\u201335 cm): potato (50.6%), pea (48.5%), red clover (47.9%), spring barley (47.7%), winter wheat (46.4%). Therefore, potato was a noticeable crop, as among the crops, it had the lowest WSA content in the topsoil, while highest in the subsoil. The results shown gave an assumption that the after-effects of some crops (foremost with pea) were noticeable in the soil properties during the following crop. In the topsoil, the differences between crops were significant among crops just for TW and TW+M treatments. In TW, potato was lower than spring barley and winter wheat, but not significantly lower than pea or red clover. In the subsoil, significant differences between crops were observed for TC and TW treatments: in TC, potato was just significantly greater than red clover (but similar to other crops), and in TW, significantly greater than winter wheat. Furthermore, in the topsoil the soil organic carbon (SOC) content was not significantly affected by crops, and the use of winter cover crops generally increased the SOC content while concurrently decreased the WSA content and the soil maximum water holding capacity. This was probably caused by the additional tillage operations which cancelled out the possible benefits for the soil aggregates. As a consequence of the constantly declining SOC content, caused by the weakened soil aggregates, the plant-available P and K contents, especially in the absence of manure applications, decreased as well, probably due to the combination of fixation and removal of plant biomass. Therefore, it is expected that by continuing this trend, the plant growing conditions decline, which in turn will have a negative effect for the aggregate formation and carbon sequestration, which are essential for plant growth.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "winter cover crops", "15. Life on land", "aggregate stability", "maximum water holding capacity", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1035/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3211325926"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3211325926", "name": "item", "description": "3211325926", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3211325926"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=aggregate+stability&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=aggregate+stability&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=aggregate+stability&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_physical_properties=aggregate+stability&offset=22", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 22, "numberReturned": 22, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T17:42:06.275748Z"}