{"type": "FeatureCollection", "facets": {"type": {"type": "terms", "property": "type", "buckets": [{"value": "Journal Article", "count": 37}, {"value": "Dataset", "count": 1}, {"value": "Other", "count": 1}, {"value": "Report", "count": 1}]}, "soil_chemical_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_chemical_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "soil organic matter", "count": 2}, {"value": "nitrous oxide", "count": 1}, {"value": "potassium", "count": 1}, {"value": "sulphur", "count": 1}]}, "soil_biological_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_biological_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "vegetation", "count": 2}, {"value": "biomass production", "count": 1}, {"value": "plants", "count": 1}]}, "soil_physical_properties": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_physical_properties", "buckets": [{"value": "bulk density", "count": 4}, {"value": "water", "count": 2}, {"value": "aggregate stability", "count": 1}, {"value": "available water capacity", "count": 1}]}, "soil_classification": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_classification", "buckets": [{"value": "agricultural soils", "count": 2}, {"value": "forest soils", "count": 2}, {"value": "sandy soils", "count": 1}]}, "soil_functions": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_functions", "buckets": [{"value": "soil fertility", "count": 3}, {"value": "land cover change", "count": 2}, {"value": "crop yields", "count": 1}, {"value": "ecosystem services", "count": 1}, {"value": "plant nutrients", "count": 1}, {"value": "productivity", "count": 1}, {"value": "decomposition", "count": 1}]}, "soil_threats": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_threats", "buckets": [{"value": "soil compaction", "count": 40}, {"value": "soil sealing", "count": 2}, {"value": "disturbance", "count": 1}, {"value": "soil acidification", "count": 1}, {"value": "waterlogging", "count": 1}, {"value": "soil organic carbon losses", "count": 1}, {"value": "soil erosion", "count": 1}, {"value": "wind erosion rate", "count": 1}]}, "soil_processes": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_processes", "buckets": []}, "soil_management": {"type": "terms", "property": "soil_management", "buckets": [{"value": "cultivation", "count": 1}, {"value": "soil protection", "count": 1}]}, "ecosystem_services": {"type": "terms", "property": "ecosystem_services", "buckets": []}}, "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-13", "title": "Effects Of Grazing Intensity And Prescribed Fire On Soil Physical And Hydrological Properties And Pasture Yield In The Savanna Woodlands Of Burkina Faso", "description": "In West Africa policies for prescribed early fire and livestock grazing in the savanna woodlands are rarely based on long-term experimental studies. The inherently different management characteristics and their effects on the vegetation dynamics make landscape degradation a contentious issue. The effects of grazing intensity were investigated by a comparison of non-grazed areas, lightly grazed areas, moderately grazed areas, heavily grazed areas and very heavily grazed areas that received one of two fire treatments: early burning and fire protection in a long-term 12-year study. The parameters assessed reflected changes in herbaceous plant cover, biomass as well as soil physical and hydrological properties. The main findings were by and large specific for the grazing level. This supports the argument for devolution of management responsibility to the local level where there is indigenous site-specific knowledge but at the same time insufficient management capacity. A comparison of composite soil samples taken at a depth of 0-10 cm did not differentiate significantly between treatments. This is probably because the composite soil sampling procedure hid the properties of the top first few centimeters. Grazing pressure had a tendency to reduce total above ground biomass (p = 0.081). This was related to increased biomass removal and the trampling pressure (static load) exerted by the animals. The infiltration measurements indicated that the deleterious impact of cattle trampling increased as stocking rate increased. Livestock grazing significantly (p = 0.038) lowered the infiltrability. Prescribed early fire had a tendency (p = 0.073) to reduce the soil water infiltration rate. The subplots subjected to prescribed burning had a lower steady state infiltration rate compared to unburnt areas (means of 49.2 \u00b1 27.5 mm h-1 versus 78 \u00b1 70.5 mm h-1 for burnt and unburnt subplots, respectively). A partial least squares projection to latent structures showed that 34% of the steady state infiltrability was explained by the stocking rate and soil organic matter. Also all soil characteristics were significantly connected to steady state infiltrability suggesting that they are related to the soil hydrological response to trampling. From a management perspective, adoption of a short duration grazing system should avoid high stocking rates because they may adversely affect soil infiltrability, increase susceptibility to erosion in the savannas and decrease biomass productivity.", "keywords": ["soil compaction", "2. Zero hunger", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "trampling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "infiltration", "pastures", "woodlands", "savannas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Savadogo, P., Sawadogo, L., Tiveau, D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-27", "title": "Herbivore Trampling As An Alternative Pathway For Explaining Differences In Nitrogen Mineralization In Moist Grasslands", "description": "Studies addressing the role of large herbivores on nitrogen cycling in grasslands have suggested that the direction of effects depends on soil fertility. Via selection for high quality plant species and input of dung and urine, large herbivores have been shown to speed up nitrogen cycling in fertile grassland soils while slowing down nitrogen cycling in unfertile soils. However, recent studies show that large herbivores can reduce nitrogen mineralization in some temperate fertile soils, but not in others. To explain this, we hypothesize that large herbivores can reduce nitrogen mineralization in loamy or clay soils through soil compaction, but not in sandy soils. Especially under wet conditions, strong compaction in clay soils can lead to periods of soil anoxia, which reduces decomposition of soil organic matter and, hence, N mineralization. In this study, we use a long-term (37-year) field experiment on a salt marsh to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of large herbivores on nitrogen mineralization depends on soil texture. Our results confirm that the presence of large herbivores decreased nitrogen mineralization rate in a clay soil, but not in a sandy soil. By comparing a hand-mown treatment with a herbivore-grazed treatment, we show that these differences can be attributed to herbivore-induced changes in soil physical properties rather than to above-ground biomass removal. On clay soil, we find that large herbivores increase the soil water-filled porosity, induce more negative soil redox potentials, reduce soil macrofauna abundance, and reduce decomposition activity. On sandy soil, we observe no changes in these variables in response to grazing. We conclude that effects of large herbivores on nitrogen mineralization cannot be understood without taking soil texture, soil moisture, and feedbacks through soil macrofauna into account.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "IMPACT", "Nitrogen", "01 natural sciences", "Soil fauna", "COMPACTION", "Soil", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SALT-MARSH", "Large herbivores", "Soil texture", "Animals", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Soil compaction", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "UNGULATE", "national", "Water", "DENITRIFICATION", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "N cycling", "YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK", "PLANT-GROWTH", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM", "Clay", "Aluminum Silicates", "Soil moisture", "BAIT-LAMINA TEST"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-05", "title": "Soil Volume And Carbon Storage Shifts In Drained And Afforested Wetlands Of The Parana River Delta", "description": "Wetland ecosystems have a high carbon storage potential as a result of high primary productivity and low decomposition rates dictated by water saturation. In the herbaceous wetlands of the Parana River Delta, drainage and afforestation with poplars represents one of the dominant land uses. We explored the effects of these interventions on the volume and carbon storage of the young sedimentary soils of the region. At three sites we identified paired stands occupying similar landscape positions and soil types but subject to natural flooding and covered by natural herbaceous communities or drainage and flood control by dikes and covered by poplar plantations established 12, 17 and 19\u00a0years ago. Soil sampling at these sites revealed a reduction of the litter compartment (\u221286\u00a0%) and decreasing volume and porosity of its underlying mineral layer (0\u201310\u00a0cm in the wetland reduced to 0\u20134\u00a0cm in the plantation). Our comparisons of carbon storage accounted for these volumetric shifts by using accumulated mineral mass rather than depth as a reference, showing that tree plantations gained in the mineral soil (22\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) almost as much as what they lost in the litter. These gains were particularly large at intermediate depths (4\u201343\u00a0cm in the plantations) were soil porosity remained unaffected and C was raised by 64\u00a0% explained by (1) the pulse of inputs from overlaying litter and organic layers subject to rapid decomposition and mobilization after drainage and (2) root colonization, since tree plantations had 75\u00a0% of their fine root biomass at these intermediate soil depths, whereas roots in the wetlands did not explore the mineral soil profile and were completely confined to the organic layer. A neutral C balance following wetland drainage and afforestation resulted from the opposing effects of aeration, favoring decomposition in the organic layer, root colonization and organic matter stabilization, favoring its accumulation in the mineral soil.", "keywords": ["FLOOD CONTROL", "ARGENTINA", "POPULUS DELTOIDES", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "SOIL COMPACTION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ceballos, Dar\u00edo S., Frangi, Jorge Luis, Jobbagy Gampel, Esteban Gabriel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-012-9731-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-01", "title": "Does Livestock Grazing Affect Sediment Deposition And Accretion Rates In Salt Marshes?", "description": "<p>Accretion rates, defined as the vertical growth of salt marshes measured in mm per year, may be influenced by grazing livestock in two ways: directly, by increasing soil compaction through trampling, and indirectly, by reducing aboveground biomass and thus decreasing sediment deposition rates measured in g/m(2) per year. Although accretion rates and the resulting surface elevation change largely determine the resilience of salt marshes to sea-level rise (SLR), the effect of livestock grazing on accretion rates has been little studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of livestock grazing on salt-marsh accretion rates. We hypothesise that accretion will be lower in grazed compared to ungrazed salt marshes. In four study sites along the mainland coast of the Wadden Sea (in the south-eastern North Sea), accretion rates, sediment deposition rates, and soil compaction of grazed and ungrazed marshes were analysed using the Cs-137 radionuclide dating method. Accretion rates were on average 11.6 mm yr(-1) during recent decades and thus higher than current and projected rates of SLR. Neither accretion nor sediment deposition rates were significantly different between grazing treatments. Meanwhile, soil compaction was clearly affected by grazing with significantly higher dry bulk density on grazed compared to ungrazed parts. Based on these results, we conclude that other factors influence whether grazing has an effect on accretion and sediment deposition rates and that the effect of grazing on marsh growth does not follow a direct causal chain. It may have a great importance when interacting with other biotic and abiotic processes on the marsh. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "F800 - Physical geographical sciences", "550", "137Cs", "geochronology", "SEA-LEVEL RISE", "SURFACE ELEVATION", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Wadden Sea", "inundation", "CS-137", "F820 Geomorphology", "(CS)-C-137", "compaction", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "COASTAL WETLANDS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land use management", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "NORTH-SEA", "13. Climate action", "C180 - Ecology", "TIDAL MARSH", "VEGETATION", "C180 Ecology", "dating", "SW NETHERLANDS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-28", "title": "Impacts of timber forwarding on physical properties of forest soils in southern Finland", "description": "Abstract   Forest harvesting activities can cause soil damage and disturbance through soil compaction, rut formation and soil mixing. These affect the soil structure and functions and forest productivity. Soil compaction results for instance in increased bulk density and decreased porosity, affecting soil moisture, water infiltration and aeration. The effects of timber forwarding on soil physical properties have gained little attention in boreal forests. These issues will become more important in the future since harvesting operations on unfrozen soils are getting more common due to the anticipated climate warming.  In this study, changes of forest soil physical properties (bulk density, moisture content and porosity) after 1\u201310 forwarder passes on two fine-grained mineral soil sites in southern Finland were analysed. Penetration resistance and rut formation were also measured. The measurements were performed in three periods with different soil moisture conditions. The test drives were carried out with a conventional 8-wheeled forwarder with total mass of 29.8\u00a0tons.  Soil bulk density increased and porosity decreased after the machinery passes. However, soil moisture content increased on one site and mainly decreased on another. The first three passes caused the greatest compaction and rutting, the first pass having the strongest impact. After the first and third pass 34\u201355% and over 70% of the total mean rut depth was formed, respectively. Further passes caused only minor rutting. The compaction and changes of soil physical properties appeared to be greater in dry conditions. Rut formation and soil mixing were greater in moist conditions. The results are, however, site-specific, and more research is needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between different factors affecting impacts of timber forwarding on soil.", "keywords": ["ta222", "550", "ta1172", "Soil protection", "rut formation", "Forestry", "Rut formation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "harvesting", "15. Life on land", "protection", "ta4112", "soil", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "soil protection", "soil damage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "timber harvesting", "damage", "Timber harvesting", "Soil damage", "Soil compaction", "ta119", "wood"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract   We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to  in situ  net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding  14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of  14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of  14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of  14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-29", "title": "Physico-Chemical Indicators And Microarthropod Communities As Influenced By No-Till, Conventional Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilisation After Four Years Of Continuous Maize", "description": "Abstract   A multidisciplinary study was carried out over four years in Northern Italy on a silt loam under continuous maize. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates; the main factor was the soil management system, conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT), while the secondary factor was N fertilisation. At the end of the trial, soil samples were taken from all plots at four depths (from 0 to 20\u00a0cm). In these samples the following were determined: pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, available P, exchangeable K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC) and water aggregate stability (WAS). Soil compaction was measured during the last three years, after maize harvesting. To study the microarthropod community, soil samples (0\u201310\u00a0cm depth) were taken six times over the four years. Our results show that NT significantly increased SOC (+15.8%), total N (+9.6%), C/N (+5.3%), exchangeable K (+37.1%) and WAS (+64.8%). The stratification ratio for exchangeable K reached 2.15 for NT plots. N fertilisation, on the other hand, had no significant effect on most of the physico-chemical indicators, except for pH, CEC and EC. Soil compaction was significantly higher for NT compared with CT up to a depth of 25\u201330\u00a0cm. During the last year, interesting reductions in soil penetration resistance for NT were measured, up to 300\u2013430\u00a0kPa in the 2.5\u201312.5\u00a0cm layer. As for the microarthropods, Acari were more sensitive to tillage compared with Collembola, and the Wardle  V  index proved to be a good indicator of the response to tillage. N fertilisation with 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  had a negative effect on the total microarthropod abundance. The Shannon diversity index gave fluctuating and significantly different results: over the years results were split alternately between the two tillage systems. The QBS-ar index, calculated for all the four years of the study, ranged between 48 and 72, values typical of intensively cultivated soils. The results obtained suggested that it was not influenced by the tillage system. Therefore, this index seems to be unsuitable for detecting the influence of tillage management and N fertilisation on the microarthropod community.", "keywords": ["Biological indices", "2. Zero hunger", "Physico-chemical indicators", "No-tillage", "Microarthropod community", "610", "microartropodi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "non lavorazione", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "indice V di Wardle", "Wardle V index", "indici biologici", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compattamento del suolo", "Soil compaction", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2009.06.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-01", "title": "The Adoption Of Annual Subsoiling As Conservation Tillage In Dryland Maize And Wheat Cultivation In Northern China", "description": "Soil compaction caused by random traffic or repetitive tillage has been shown to reduce water use efficiency, and thus crop yield due to reduced porosity, decreased water infiltration and availability of nutrients. Conservation tillage coupled with subsoiling in northern China is widely believed to reduce soil compaction, which was created after many years of no-till. However, limited research has been conducted on the most effective time interval for subsoiling, under conservation tillage. Data from conservation tillage demonstration sites operating for 10 years in northern China were used to conduct a comparative study of subsoiling interval under conservation tillage. Three modes of traditional tillage, subsoiling with soil cover and no-till with soil cover were compared using 10 years of soil bulk density, water content, yield and water use efficiency data. Cost benefit analysis was conducted on subsoiling time interval under conservation tillage. Yield and power consumption were assessed by based on the use of a single pass combine subsoiler and planter. Annual subsoiling was effective in reducing bulk density by only 4.9% compared with no-till treatments on the silty loam soils of the Loess plateau, but provided no extra benefit in terms of soil water loss, yield increase or water utilization. With the exception of bulk density, no-till and subsoiling with cover were vastly superior in increasing water use (+10.5%) efficiency and yield (+12.9%) compared to traditional tillage methods. Four years of no-till followed by one subsoiling reduced mechanical inputs by 62%, providing an economic benefit of 49% for maize and 209% for wheat production compared to traditional tillage. Annual subsoiling reduced inputs by 25% with an increased economic benefit of 23% for maize and 135% for wheat production. Yield and power consumption was improved by 5% and 20%, respectively, by combining subsoiling with the planting operation in one pass compared with multipass operations of subsoiling and planting. A key conclusion from this is that annual subsoiling in dryland areas of northern China is uneconomical and unwarranted. Four years of no-till operations followed by 1 year subsoiling provided some relief from accumulated soil compaction. However, minimum soil disturbance and maximum soil cover are key elements of no-till for saving water and improving yields. Improved yields and reduced farm power consumption could provide a significant base on which to promote combined planter and subsoiling operations throughout northern China. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the linkages between conservation tillage, soil quality and yield, aimed at designing most appropriate conservation tillage schemes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "no-till", "Yield", "Compaction", "Soil Science", "subsoiling", "Soil Properties", "economics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Crop", "15. Life on land", "maize", "loess", "7. Clean energy", "333", "630", "6. Clean water", "C1", "wheat", "conservation tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-07", "title": "Controlled Traffic Farming With No Tillage For Improved Fallow Water Storage And Crop Yield On The Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "On the semi-arid Loess Plateau of northern China, water is typically the biggest constraint to rainfed wheat production. Controlled traffic, combined with zero tillage and residue cover has been proposed to improve soil water, crop yield and water use efficiency. From 1998 to 2005, we conducted a field experiment comparing the water storage and wheat productivity of controlled traffic farming and conventional tillage farming. Three treatments were studied: controlled traffic with no tillage and full residue cover (NTCN), controlled traffic with shallow tillage and full residue cover (STCN) and random traffic with traditional tillage and partial residue cover (CT). Compared to CT, the controlled traffic treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density in 10-20 cm soil layer, significantly increased soil water content in the 0-150 cm soil profile at sowing, 9.3% for NTCN, 9.6% for STCN. These effects were greater in dry seasons, thus reducing the yearly variation in water conservation. Consequently, mean wheat yield of NTCN, STCN and CT were 3.25, 3.27 and 3.05 t ha-1, respectively, in which controlled traffic treatments increased by 6.9% with less yearly variation, compared to traditional tillage. Furthermore, controlled traffic had greater economic benefits than conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic farming has a better performance with respect to conserving water, improves yields and increases economic benefits. No tillage controlled traffic farming appears to be a solution to the water problem facing farmers on the Loess Plateau of China.", "keywords": ["macropore density", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yields", "bulk density", "571", "available water capacity", "Fallow water storage", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "permanent beds", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Zero tillage", "Vertosol", "Controlled traffic", "controlled traffic", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "amelioration", "zero tillage", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-10", "title": "Ecosystem Dynamics Of Disturbed And Undisturbed Sites In North Queensland Wet Tropical Rain-Forest .1. Floristic Composition, Climate And Soil Chemistry", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>This paper introduces studies of nutrient cycling in disturbed and undisturbed rain forest plots in the upper catchment of Birthday Creek, near Paluma, North Queensland. The catchment is underlain by granite and has soils of comparatively low fertility. Differences between unlogged plots and plots disturbed 25 years previously by selective logging are still apparent. Disturbed plots have soils with higher bulk densities and pH, lower CEC, kjeldahl nitrogen and available phosphorus concentrations, and changed species composition. The data suggest that recovery from selective logging is dependent on soil fertility and intensity of disturbance.</p>", "keywords": ["disturbance", "0106 biological sciences", "Australia", "selective logging", "15. Life on land", "tropical rain forest", "01 natural sciences", "FoR 0601 (Biochemistry and Cell Biology)", "north Queensland", "soil compaction", "soil nutrients", "FoR 0602 (Ecology)", "climate", "floristics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Tropical%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s0266467400007409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s0266467400007409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-25", "title": "Multi-scale effects on the hydraulic behaviour of a root-permeated and compacted soil", "description": "<p>While roots have been generally proved to be beneficial to soil mechanical behaviour, different and counterposed results have been found when investigating their effects on soil hydraulic response. Roots affect the hydro-mechanical and chemical properties of soils at different scales. In this regard, the paper focuses on studying the macroscopic hydraulic properties of root-permeated and compacted soils considering microstructural features coming from mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray micro-tomography. The results are interpreted bearing in mind the influence of the different soil hydraulic states on roots structure and physiology. The analysis of the results shows that roots growing in a compacted soil at low stresses are opening fissures while decreasing micropore volume inside aggregates due to chemical effects. This response has important effects on the hydraulic behaviour of the soil.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", "550", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Soil hydraulic", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "[SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics", " Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "GE1-350", "Soil compaction", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "621", "Phylogenetics and taxonomy", "[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "Roots", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Environmental sciences", "S\u00f2ls -- Compactaci\u00f3", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Macroscopic hydraulic properties"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.e3s-conferences.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/E3S%20Web%20of%20Conferences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/e3sconf/20199212014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "<p>             Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene             OsYUC8             . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover,             osaux1             mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil.           </p", "keywords": ["roots", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Cell biology", "Arabidopsis", "Biophysics", "Plant Science", "Plant Roots", "Biochemistry", "Gene", "Catalysis", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development and Regulation", "soil compaction", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Abscisic acid", "Ethylene", "03 medical and health sciences", "aba", "ethylene", "Auxin", "Elongation", "Biology", "Plant Proteins", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Mutant", "Life Sciences", "Oryza", "Plant Nutrient Uptake and Signaling Pathways", "Biological Sciences", "Ethylenes", "15. Life on land", "Materials science", "Root Aeration", "Chemistry", "ABA", "Plant Responses to Flooding Stress", "Ultimate tensile strength", "Mutation", "Metallurgy", "auxin", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2201072119"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2201072119"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.2201072119"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-05", "title": "Effects Of Organic Versus Conventional Arable Farming On Soil Structure And Organic Matter Dynamics In A Marine Loam In The Netherlands", "description": "<p>Abstract.  We compared the effects of conventional and organic arable farming on soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil structure, aggregate stability and C and N mineralization, which are considered important factors in defining sustainable land management. Within one soil series, three different farming systems were selected, including a conventional and an organic arable system and permanent pasture without tillage. The old pasture represents optimal conditions in terms of soil structure and organic matter inputs and is characterized by high earthworm activity. More than 70 years of different management has caused significant differences in soil properties. SOM content, mineralization, earthworm activity and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stable aggregation decreased as a result of tillage and arable cropping when compared with pasture, but were significantly greater under organic farming than under conventional farming. Total SOM contents between 0 and 20 cm depth amounted to 15, 24 and 46 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the conventional arable, organic arable and permanent pasture fields, respectively. Although less sensitive to slaking than the conventionally managed field, the soil under organic farming was susceptible to compaction when high pressures were exerted on the soil under wet conditions. The beneficial effects of organic farming are generally associated with soil biochemical properties, but soil physical aspects should also be considered. Depending on soil type and climate, organic farmers need to be careful not to destroy the soil structure, so that they can enjoy maximum advantage from their organic farming systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregation", "netherlands", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "arable farming", "fertilizer", "loam soils", "populations", "6. Clean water", "land", "cultivation", "13. Climate action", "organic farming", "manure", "soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "soil structure", "earthworm activity", "silt loam", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00297.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-04", "title": "Impact Of Cattle Grazing On Temperate Coastal Salt Marsh Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Over the last two decades, grazing intensity has increased in the temperate salt marshes of Samboromb\uffc3\uffb3n Bay (Argentina) due to agricultural expansion and the displacement of domestic livestock to these areas. We investigated the effect of cattle grazing on soil chemical and physical properties in the higher (HE), medium (ME) and lower (LE) elevation levels of this temperate salt marsh. Soil data were collected from both a National Park, where cattle grazing has been excluded for more than 35\uffc2\uffa0yrs, and an adjacent commercial livestock farm continuously grazed by cattle. We found that soil salinity was greater on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, especially those in theMEandLE. This could be related to the upward flow of salts from the saline groundwater, driven by the increase in the proportion of bare soil on grazed sites. The increase in soil salinity changed the plant community structure through the increase of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90palatable species and the decrease of palatable species. Soil physical variables (soil bulk density and soil bearing capacity) were also higher on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, which can be related to the decrease in soil organic matter (SOM), and suggest an incipient compaction process; however, the values were still lower than those considered critical for plant growth in clay soils. These results suggest that continuous grazing management in this temperate salt marsh might have negative consequences for animal production and ecosystem conservation, mainly related to the increased soil salinity. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the suitability of switching to intermittent grazing management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Salinity", "Bearing Capacity", "Compaction", "Cattle Grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "13. Climate action", "Salt Marsh Soils", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "14. Life underwater"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12176", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2014/437283", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-14", "title": "Effect Of Tillage Practices On Soil Properties And Crop Productivity In Wheat-Mungbean-Rice Cropping System Under Subtropical Climatic Conditions", "description": "<p>This study was conducted to know cropping cycles required to improve OM status in soil and to investigate the effects of medium-term tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields in Grey Terrace soil of Bangladesh under wheat-mungbean-T.amancropping system. Four different tillage practices, namely, zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), were studied in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Bulk and particle densities were decreased due to tillage practices, having the highest reduction of these properties and the highest increase of porosity and field capacity in zero tillage. The highest total N, P, K, and S in their available forms were recorded in zero tillage. All tillage practices showed similar yield after four years of cropping cycles. Therefore, we conclude that zero tillage with 20% residue retention was found to be suitable for soil health and achieving optimum yield under the cropping system in Grey Terrace soil (Aeric Albaquept).</p>", "keywords": ["No-till farming", "Technology", "Climate", "Cropping", "Mulch-till", "Crop", "Plant Roots", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Minimum tillage", "Soil Physical Properties", "Ecology", "T", "Q", "Soil Quality", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Compaction", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Crops", " Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Crop Productivity", "Environmental science", "Tillage", "Randomized block design", "FOS: Mathematics", "Crop yield", "Particle Size", "Biology", "Soil science", "Analysis of Variance", "Soil Fertility", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "Conventional tillage", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Bulk density", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Sulfur", "Mathematics", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/437283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/437283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-26", "title": "Soil disturbance by cut-to-length machinery on mid-grained soils", "description": "<ja:p>Factors affecting soil disturbance caused by harvester and forwarder were studied on mid-grained soils in Finland. Sample plots were harvested using a one-grip harvester. The harvester operator processed the trees outside the strip roads, and the remaining residues were removed to exclude the covering effect of residues. Thereafter, a loaded forwarder made up to 5 passes over the sample plots. The average rut depth after four machine passes was positively correlated to the volumetric water content at a depth of 0\u00e2\u0080\u009310 cm in mineral soil, as well as the thickness of the organic layer and the harvester rut depth, and negatively correlated with penetration resistance at depths of both 0\u00e2\u0080\u009320 cm and 5\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. We present 5 models to predict forwarder rut depth. Four include the cumulative mass driven over a measurement point and combinations of penetration resistance, water content and the depth of organic layer. The fifth model includes harvester rut depth and the cumulative overpassed mass and provided the best fit. Changes in the penetration resistance (PR) were highest at depths of 20\u00e2\u0080\u009340 cm. Increase in BD and VWC decreased PR, which increased with total overdriven mass. After four to five machine passes PR values started to stabilize.</ja:p>", "keywords": ["silty soil", "ta1171", "silty soils", "rut formation", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "soil compaction", "harvesting damage", "sandy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "sandy soils"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sir\u00e9n, Matti, Ala-Ilom\u00e4ki, Jari, Lindeman, Harri, Uusitalo, Jori, Kiilo, Kalle E.K., Salmivaara, Aura, Ryyn\u00e4nen, Ari,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10134", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.14214/sf.10050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-15", "title": "Modelling soil moisture \u2013 soil strength relationship of fine-grained upland forest soils", "description": "<ja:p>The strength of soil is known to be dependent on water content but the relationship is strongly affected by the type of soil. Accurate moisture content \u00e2\u0080\u0093 soil strength models will provide forest managers with the improved ability to reduce soil disturbances and increase annual forest machine utilization rates. The aim of this study was to examine soil strength and how it is connected to the physical properties of fine-grained forest soils; and develop models that could be applied in practical forestry to make predictions on rutting induced by forest machines. Field studies were conducted on two separate forests in Southern Finland. The data consisted of parallel measurements of dry soil bulk density (BD), volumetric water content (VWC) and penetration resistance (PR). The model performance was logical, and the results were in harmony with earlier findings. The accuracy of the models created was tested with independent data. The models may be regarded rather trustworthy, since no significant bias was found. Mean absolute error of roughly 20% was found which may be regarded as acceptable taken into account the character of the penetrometer tool. The models can be linked with mobility models predicting either risks of rutting, compaction or rolling resistance.</ja:p>", "keywords": ["WATER-CONTENT", "cone index", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SD1-669.5", "15. Life on land", "ta4112", "COMPACTION", "soil bulk density", "DENSITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "penetration resistance", "shear strength", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE", "VWC", "CONE INDEX"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ala-Ilom\u00e4ki, Jari, Lindeman, Harri, Toivio, Jenny, Siren, Matti, Uusitalo, Jori,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Silva%20Fennica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.14214/sf.10050", "name": "item", "description": "10.14214/sf.10050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.14214/sf.10050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832008000200031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-04", "title": "Root Abundance Of Maize In Conventionally-Tilled And Zero-Tilled Soils Of Argentina", "description": "<p>Maize root growth is negatively affected by compacted layers in the surface (e.g. agricultural traffic) and subsoil layers (e.g. claypans). Both kinds of soil mechanical impedances often coexist in maize fields, but the combined effects on root growth have seldom been studied. Soil physical properties and maize root abundance were determined in three different soils of the Rolling Pampa of Argentina, in conventionally-tilled (CT) and zero-tilled (ZT) fields cultivated with maize. In the soil with a light Bt horizon (loamy Typic Argiudoll, Chivilcoy site), induced plough pans were detected in CT plots at a depth of 0-0.12 m through significant increases in bulk density (1.15 to 1.27 Mg m-3) and cone (tip angle of 60 \uffc2\uffba) penetrometer resistance (7.18 to 9.37 MPa in summer from ZT to CT, respectively). This caused a reduction in maize root abundance of 40-80 % in CT compared to ZT plots below the induced pans. Two of the studied soils had hard-structured Bt horizons (clay pans), but in only one of them (silty clay loam Abruptic Argiudoll, Villa L\uffc3\uffada site) the expected penetrometer resistance increases (up to 9 MPa) were observed with depth. In the other clay pan soil (silty clay loam Vertic Argiudoll, P\uffc3\uffa9rez Mill\uffc3\uffa1n site), penetrometer resistance did not increase with depth but reached 14.5 MPa at 0.075 and 0.2 m depth in CT and ZT plots, respectively. However, maize root abundance was stratified in the first 0.2 m at the Villa L\uffc3\uffada and P\uffc3\uffa9rez Mill\uffc3\uffa1n sites. There, the hard Bt horizons did not represent an absolute but a relative mechanical impedance to maize roots, by the observed root clumping through desiccation cracks.</p>", "keywords": ["soil compaction", "plantio direto", "plantio convencional", "root growth", "ra\u00edzes", "conventional tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "zero tillage", "camadas compactadas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Taboada, Miguel Angel, Alvarez, Carina Rosa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832008000200031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832008000200031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832008000200031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832008000200031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000300013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-15", "title": "Physical Quality Of A Yellow Latossol Under Integrated Crop-Livestock System", "description": "<p>Soil physical quality is essential to global sustainability of agroecosystems, once it is related to processes that are essential to agricultural crop development. This study aimed to evaluate physical attributes of a Yellow Latossol under different management systems in the savanna area in the state of Piaui. This study was developed in Uru\uffc3\uffa7u\uffc3\uffad southwest of the state of Piau\uffc3\uffad. Three systems of soil management were studied: an area under conventional tillage (CT) with disk plowi and heavy harrow and soybean crop; an area under no-tillage with soybean-maize rotation and millet as cover crop (NT + M); two areas under Integrated Crop-Livestock System, with five-month pasture grazing and soybean cultivation and then continuous pasture grazing (ICL + S and ICL + P, respectively). Also, an area under Native Forest (NF) was studied. The soil depths studied were 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Soil bulk density, as well as porosity and stability of soil aggregates were analyzed as physical attributes. Anthropic action has changed the soil physical attributes, in depth, in most systems studied, in comparison to NF. In the 0.00 to 0.05 m depth, ICL + P showed higher soil bulk density value. As to macroporosity, there was no difference between the management systems studied and NF. The management systems studied changed the soil structure, having, as a result, a small proportion of soil in great aggregate classes (MWD). Converting native forest into agricultural production systems changes the soil physical quality. The Integrated Crop-Livestock System did not promote the improvement in soil physical quality.</p>", "keywords": ["compacta\u00e7\u00e3o do solo", "soil compaction", "plantio direto", "pisoteio animal", "no-tillage system", "pastagem", "pasture grazing", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "animal trampling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000300013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000300013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000300013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832010000300013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture15080852", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-15", "title": "Evaluating Soil Degradation in Agricultural Soil with Ground-Penetrating Radar: A Systematic Review of Applications and Challenges", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil degradation is a critical challenge to global agricultural sustainability, driven by intensive land use, unsustainable farming practices, and climate change. Conventional soil monitoring techniques often rely on invasive sampling methods, which can be labor-intensive, disruptive, and limited in spatial coverage. In contrast, non-invasive geophysical techniques, particularly ground-penetrating radar, have gained attention as tools for assessing soil properties. However, an assessment of ground-penetrating radar\u2019s applications in agricultural soil research\u2014particularly for detecting soil structural changes related to degradation\u2014remains undetermined. To address this issue, a systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. A search was conducted across Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as relevant review articles and study reference lists, up to 31 December 2024. This process resulted in 86 potentially relevant studies, of which 24 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. The analysis revealed that the ground-penetrating radar allows the detection of structural changes associated with tillage practices and heavy machinery traffic in agricultural lands, namely topsoil disintegration and soil compaction, both of which are important indicators of soil degradation. These variations are reflected in changes in electrical permittivity and reflectivity, particularly above the tillage horizon. These shifts are associated with lower soil water content, increased soil homogeneity, and heightened wave reflectivity at the upper boundary of compacted soil. The latter is linked to density contrasts and waterlogging above this layer. Additionally, ground-penetrating radar has demonstrated its potential in mapping alterations in electrical permittivity related to preferential water flow pathways, detecting shifts in soil organic carbon distribution, identifying disruptions in root systems due to tillage, and assessing soil conditions potentially affected by excessive fertilization in iron oxide-rich soils. Future research should focus on refining methodologies to improve the ground-penetrating radar\u2019s ability to quantify soil degradation processes with greater accuracy. In particular, there is a need for standardized experimental protocols to evaluate the effects of monocultures on soil fertility, assess the impact of excessive fertilization effects on soil acidity, and integrate ground-penetrating radar with complementary geophysical and remote sensing techniques for a holistic approach to soil health monitoring.</p></article>", "keywords": ["soil compaction", "sustainable agriculture", "Agriculture (General)", "non-invasive geophysical techniques", "electrical permittivity", "soil structural changes", "topsoil disintegration", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/8/852/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15080852"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture15080852", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture15080852", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture15080852"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.31545/intagr/130450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-08", "title": "Detection of physical hazards in soil profiles using quantitative soil physical quality assessment in the Pannonian basin, Eastern Austria", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Reliable estimations of soil physical quality provide valuable information for the evaluation and advancement of agricultural soil management strategies. In the agriculturally highly productive Pannonian basin in Eastern Austria, little emphasis has been placed on the determination of soil physical quality and corresponding soil degradation risks. Nevertheless, ongoing climate change, especially prolonged drought periods and higher rainfall intensity, will raise the need for appropriate soil management strategies. Soil physical quality was therefore assessed in nine soil profiles in a long-term tillage experiment which has been in operation since 1988 in Eastern Austria. Soil samples from depths of between 2 and 37 cm and under three different tillage systems (conventional, reduced and minimal tillage) were analysed for various indicators of soil physical quality. The resulting classifications of soil physical quality in the different profiles were compared qualitatively and quantitatively together with an estimation concerning the representativeness of the soil physical quality indicators used. The outcomes showed severe soil compaction under all tillage treatments and slight improvements in soil physical quality marginally above the working depth for the different treatments. Additionally, conversion to conservation tillage led to less pronounced improvements in soil physical quality under Pannonian conditions than have been reported in more humid climates. This work was partially supported from the projects \u2018Catch-C\u2019 (FP7-KBBE-2011-5), which is co-funded by the European Commission, \u2018Development of automated tools for the optimal monitoring of the erosion of agricultural land using remote sensing methods\u2019 (QK1720289, 2017-2019) and \u2018Shui\u2019 (773903), which is co-funded by the European Commission within H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Tillage intensity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management", "Soil compaction", "Soil water balance", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.journalssystem.com/intagro/pdf-130450-58984?filename=Weninger.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/130450"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Agrophysics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.31545/intagr/130450", "name": "item", "description": "10.31545/intagr/130450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.31545/intagr/130450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3354/meps11447", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-06", "title": "Ecosystem Engineering By Large Grazers Enhances Carbon Stocks In A Tidal Salt Marsh", "description": "<p>Grazers can have a large impact on ecosystem processes and are known to change vegetation composition. However, knowledge of how the long-term presence of grazers affects soil carbon sequestration is limited. In this study, we estimated total accumulated organic carbon in soils of a back-barrier salt marsh and determined how this is affected by long-term grazing by both small and large grazers in relation to age of the ecosystem. In young marshes, where small grazers predominate, hare and geese have a limited effect on total accumulated organic carbon. In older, mature marshes, where large grazers predominate, cattle substantially enhanced carbon content in the marsh soil. We ascribe this to a shift in biomass distribution in the local vegetation towards the roots in combination with trampling effects on the soil chemistry. These large grazers thus act as ecosystem engineers: their known effect on soil compaction (based on a previous study) enhances anoxic conditions in the marsh soil, thereby reducing the oxygen available for organic carbon decomposition by the local microbial community. This study showed that the indirect effects of grazing can significantly enhance soil carbon storage through changing soil abiotic conditions. This process should be taken into account when estimating the role of ecosystems in reducing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Ultimately, we propose a testable conceptual framework that includes 3 pathways by which grazers can alter carbon storage: (1) through above-ground biomass removal, (2) through alteration of biomass distribution towards the roots and/or (3) by changing soil abiotic conditions that affect decomposition.</p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "0106 biological sciences", "IMPACT", "SEA-LEVEL RISE", "01 natural sciences", "Coastal wetland", "Climate change", "Biology", "Soil compaction", "Succession", "VEGETATION SUCCESSION", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "WETLAND SOILS", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Grazing", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "NORTH-SEA", "REDOX OSCILLATION", "13. Climate action", "Redox potential"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11447"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Marine%20Ecology%20Progress%20Series", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3354/meps11447", "name": "item", "description": "10.3354/meps11447", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3354/meps11447"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-05", "title": "Cultivar-dependent differences in tuber growth cause increased soil resistance in potato fields", "description": "<p>Since soil compaction of potato fields delays shoot emergence and decreases total yield, the causes and effects of this compaction need to be better understood. In a controlled environment trial with young (before tuber initiation) plants, roots of cv. Inca Bella (a phureja group cultivar) were more sensitive to increased soil resistance (3.0 MPa) than cv. Maris Piper (a tuberosum group cultivar). Such variation was hypothesized to cause yield differences in two field trials, in which compaction treatments were applied after tuber planting. Trial 1 increased initial soil resistance from 0.15 MPa to 0.3 MPa. By the end of the growing season, soil resistance increased three-fold in the upper 20\uffc2\uffa0cm of the soil, but resistance in Maris Piper plots was up to twice that of Inca Bella plots. Maris Piper yield was 60% higher than Inca Bella and independent of soil compaction treatment, whilst compacted soil reduced Inca Bella yield by 30%. Trial 2 increased initial soil resistance from 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Soil resistance in the compacted treatments increased to similar, cultivar-dependent resistances as trial 1. Maris Piper yield was 12% higher than Inca Bella, but cultivar variation in yield response to compacted soil did not occur. Soil water content, root growth and tuber growth were measured to determine whether these factors could explain cultivar differences in soil resistance. Soil water content was similar between cultivars, thus did not cause soil resistance to vary between cultivars. Root density was insufficient to cause observed increases soil resistance. Finally, differences in soil resistance between cultivars became significant during tuber initiation, and became more pronounced until harvest. Increased tuber biomass volume (yield) of Maris Piper increased estimated mean soil density (and thus soil resistance) more than Inca Bella. This increase seems to depend on initial compaction, as soil resistance did not significantly increase in uncompacted soil. While increased soil resistance caused cultivar-dependent restriction of root density of young plants that was consistent with cultivar variation in yield, tuber growth likely caused cultivar-dependent increases in soil resistance in field trials, which may have further limited Inca Bella yield.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil compaction", "570", "leaf area", "root growth", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "soil moisture", "630", "tuber yield", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Skilleter, Patrick, Nelson, David, Dodd, Ian C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land10121397", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-19", "title": "Comparison of Compaction Alleviation Methods on Soil Health and Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil compaction can occur due to trafficking by heavy equipment and be exacerbated by unfavourable conditions such as wet weather. Compaction can restrict crop growth and increase waterlogging, which can increase the production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Cultivation can be used to alleviate compaction, but this can have negative impacts on earthworm abundance and increase the production of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In this study, a field was purposefully compacted using trafficking, then in a replicated plot experiment, ploughing, low disturbance subsoiling and the application of a mycorrhizal inoculant were compared as methods of compaction alleviation, over two years of cropping. These methods were compared in terms of bulk density, penetration resistance, crop yield, greenhouse gas emissions and earthworm abundance. Ploughing alleviated topsoil compaction, as measured by bulk density and penetrometer resistance, and increased the crop biomass in one year of the study, although no yield differences were seen. Earthworm abundance was reduced in both years in the cultivated plots, and carbon dioxide flux increased significantly, although this was not significant in summer months. Outside of the summer months, nitrous oxide production increased in the non-cultivated treatments, which was attributed to increased denitrifying activity under compacted conditions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["CO<sub>2</sub>", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "S", "nitrous oxide; N<sub>2</sub>O; carbon dioxide; CO<sub>2</sub>; greenhouse gas; compaction; earthworms; direct drilling; bulk density", "carbon dioxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "N<sub>2</sub>O", "12. Responsible consumption", "greenhouse gas", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compaction", "S Agriculture (General)"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/12/1397/pdf"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16544/1/land-10-01397.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121397"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land10121397", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land10121397", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land10121397"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land14020376", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-11", "title": "Optimizing Tillage and Straw Management for Improved Soil Physical Properties and Yield", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study investigated the impact of conventional ploughing (CT), minimum multitiller tillage (MT), and reduced loosening tillage (RT), with and without straw mulch on Fluvisol properties and crop yields in Croatia over three years (2019\u20132021). While conservation tillage practices are well studied in arid regions, our study addresses the unique challenges and benefits of these practices in humid conditions. Plots treated with straw mulch (2.75 t/ha) showed significant improvements in soil physical properties compared to bare plots. Penetration resistance (PR) decreased under 3-year mulch application in all tillage systems, with a reduction of up to 28% compared to bare plots. Water-holding capacity (WHC) was significantly higher in mulched MT (52.4%) than in bare CT (41.6%). Aggregate stability increased by 15\u201320% under mulch, with the highest stability in MT plots. Soil organic matter (SOM) peaked in mulched MT in 2021, reaching 4.5%, compared to 3.6% in bare CT. Yield results varied by crop: soybean yield was unaffected by tillage treatment but increased by 21% under mulch in MT; maize yield was highest in RT without mulch (13.95 t/ha); and spring wheat yield significantly improved in mulched MT (3.83 t/ha), compared to bare plots (1.75 t/ha). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of non-inversion tillage and straw mulch in enhancing soil quality and crop yields, offering a sustainable management strategy for Central European agroecosystems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["soil compaction", "conservation agriculture", "S", "grain yield", "conservation tillage", "Agriculture", "soil structure"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Luka Brezinscak, Igor Bogunovic,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020376"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land14020376", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land14020376", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land14020376"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s21092980", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-25", "title": "Towards the Development and Verification of a 3D-Based Advanced Optimized Farm Machinery Trajectory Algorithm", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Efforts related to minimizing the environmental burden caused by agricultural activities and increasing economic efficiency are key contemporary drivers in the precision agriculture domain. Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) techniques are being applied against soil compaction creation, using the on-line optimization of trajectory planning for soil-sensitive field operations. The research presented in this paper aims at a proof-of-concept solution with respect to optimizing farm machinery trajectories in order to minimize the environmental burden and increase economic efficiency. As such, it further advances existing CTF solutions by including (1) efficient plot divisions in 3D, (2) the optimization of entry and exit points of both plot and plot segments, (3) the employment of more machines in parallel and (4) obstacles in a farm machinery trajectory. The developed algorithm is expressed in terms of unified modeling language (UML) activity diagrams as well as pseudo-code. Results were visualized in 2D and 3D to demonstrate terrain impact. Verifications were conducted at a fully operational commercial farm (Rost\u011bnice, the Czech Republic) against second-by-second sensor measurements of real farm machinery trajectories.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology and Engineering", "controlled traffic farming", "Chemical technology", "mission planning", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biochemistry", "Article", "Analytical Chemistry", "soil compaction", "Atomic and Molecular Physics", "digital elevation model", "AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "and Optics", "coverage path planning", "controlled traffic farming; coverage path planning; digital elevation model; mission planning; soil compaction"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092980"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s21092980", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s21092980", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s21092980"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/s97-026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> Forest management activities that decrease soil porosity and remove organic matter have been associated with declines in site productivity. In the northern Lake States region, research is in progress in the aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and P. grandidentata Michx.) forest type to determine effects of soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil properties and growth of aspen suckers, associated woody species, herbaceous vegetation, and on stand development. Four treatments: (1) total tree harvest (TTH); (2) TTH plus soil compaction (CPT); (3) TTH plus forest floor removal (FFR); and (4) TTH plus CPT + FFR were applied after winter-harvest of a 70-yr-old aspen stand growing on a loamy sand with a site index(age50) of 20.7\uffe2\uff80\uff82m. The CPT treatment significantly increased bulk density and soil strength of the surface 30\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm of soil and neither have recovered during the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff82yr since treatment. The CPT plots had 19.6 thousand (k) suckers ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, less than half that of the TTH and FFR treatments; mean diameter (19.4\uffe2\uff80\uff82mm) and height (271\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm) were greatest on the TTH plots. The disturbance treatments (CPT, FFR, and CPT + FFR) each reduced biomass of foliage, stems, and total suckers compared with the TTH treatment. Total aboveground biomass (herbs + shrubs + suckers) was less than half that of TTH plots. There were 5.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82k saplings (suckers &gt;2.5\uffe2\uff80\uff82cm DBH) ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on the TTH plots, but fewer than 1.0\uffe2\uff80\uff82k ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the other treatments. The disturbance treatments decreased 5-yr growth of potential crop trees, delayed early stand development, and temporarily reduced stockability and site productivity of an aspen ecosystem. Key words: Soil compaction, organic matter removal, site productivity, stand development </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "site productivity", "organic matter removal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "stand development", "15. Life on land", "Soil compaction", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stone, D.M., Elioff, J.D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/s97-026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/s97-026", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/s97-026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/s97-026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/s98-081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-23", "title": "Effects Of Forest Soil Compaction And Organic Matter Removal On Leaf Litter Decomposition In Central British Columbia", "description": "<p> As part of the long-term soil productivity study in central British Columbia, we examined the effect of soil compaction and organic matter removal on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) litter decomposition. We compared three levels of organic matter removal (stem-only, whole-tree harvest, and scalped mineral soil) and two levels of compaction (no compaction and heavy compaction) in a factorial design replicated as blocks on three sites. Whole-tree harvesting significantly increased litter decomposition rates compared to stem-only (by 36%) and scalped (by 41%) treatments. Soil compaction had inconsistent effects on decomposition rates (k) for forest floor and scalped treatments and, overall, did not significantly affect litter decomposition rates. Litter on scalped plots had higher rates of nutrient translocation than litter on forest floors. We found the treatments altered soil heat sums, so changes in temperatures at the soil surface might be partly responsible for the changes in decomposition rates. We could not detect differences in soil mesofauna populations collected from the litter bags, so treatment effects on fauna probably had less influence than microclimate on decomposition rates. The effects of these early changes in litter decomposition on biological productivity will be part of the ongoing long-term soil productivity study. Key words: Litter decomposition, soil compaction, scalping, whole-tree harvest, nutrient translocation </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "leaf-litter-decomposition: organic-matter-removal", "nutrients-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "harvesting-", "translocation-", "populus-tremuloides", "soil-organic-matter", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "heat-sums", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil-Science", "British-Columbia (Canada-", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "compaction-", "soil-compaction", "decomposition-", "microclimate-", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "forests-", "movement-in-soil", "treatment-", "sustainability-", "Populus-tremuloides [trembling-aspen] (Salicaceae-)", "british-columbia", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "land-productivity", "organic-matter", "Plantae-", "forest-litter", "productivity-", "forestry-practices", "forestry-", "mineralization-", "forest-soils", "mineral-soils", "removal-", "15. Life on land", "logging-effects", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dicots-", "temperature-", "soil-fauna"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kranabetter, J.M., Chapman, B.K.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/s98-081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/s98-081", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/s98-081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/s98-081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:51Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Evaluation of soil threats and ecosystem service evolution under climate, land use or management changes.", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.  Based on an intensive literature review and results from previous experiences in member states a scenario framework was developed (climate, land use, and management changes) and common methodologies (statistical methods, simple and/or more sophisticated models) were identified, used or validated to forecast how selected soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) will change according to climate, land-use and management changes. In contrast to WP5 we focus in WP3/Task 3 on forecasts of changes of various soil indicators on site, regional or national scale, and could rely on soil maps with high resolution that are maintained by several member states. Three countries out of 6 were able to give predictions for changes on the SES \u201cGHG and climate regulation\u201d. Two countries were working on the SES \u201cPrimary biomass production\u201d and could predict changes in \u201cErosion control\u201d on a national scale. \u201cHydrological control\u201d and \u201cEnvironmental pollution control\u201d was predicted in one country in 2 regions. Changes in climate, land management or land use change and their effects on ST could be predicted less often. Three countries could predict the effects ofchanges on \u201cSoil organic carbon loss\u201d and on \u201cSoil compaction\u201d, two countries estimated the loss ofsoil via erosion. Only one country each could predict effects of changes on \u201cSoil nutrient imbalance\u201dand \u201cSoil acidification\u201d and \u201cSoil sealing\u201d. Either no appropriate model or no experience was availablefor the SES \u201cHabitat for biodiversity\u201d and \u201cPest and disease control\u201d and for the ST\u2019s \u201cWaterlogging\u201d,\u201cSoil contamination\u201d, \u201cLoss of diversity\u201d and \u201cSalinization\u201d.", "keywords": ["Estonia", "land use change", "Task 3.3", "soil nutrient imbalance", "salinization", "management change", "D3.4", "soil", "Environmental pollution control", "loss of diversity", "soil compaction", "soil sealing", "Erosion control", "Soil threats", "habitat for biodiversity", "loss of soil", "Primary biomass production", "Czech Republic", "agriculture", "GHG and climate regulation", "Hydrological control", "scenario analysis", "Grant n. 862695", "Soil ecosystem services", "waterlogging", "soil organic carbon loss", "climate change", "SERENA EJPSOIL", "WP3", "Austria", "pest and disease control", "France", "Poland", "soil acidification", "Ireland", "soil contamination"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kitzler, Barbara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/252999", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-08", "title": "Detection of physical hazards in soil profiles using quantitative soil physical quality assessment in the Pannonian basin, Eastern Austria", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Reliable estimations of soil physical quality provide valuable information for the evaluation and advancement of agricultural soil management strategies. In the agriculturally highly productive Pannonian basin in Eastern Austria, little emphasis has been placed on the determination of soil physical quality and corresponding soil degradation risks. Nevertheless, ongoing climate change, especially prolonged drought periods and higher rainfall intensity, will raise the need for appropriate soil management strategies. Soil physical quality was therefore assessed in nine soil profiles in a long-term tillage experiment which has been in operation since 1988 in Eastern Austria. Soil samples from depths of between 2 and 37 cm and under three different tillage systems (conventional, reduced and minimal tillage) were analysed for various indicators of soil physical quality. The resulting classifications of soil physical quality in the different profiles were compared qualitatively and quantitatively together with an estimation concerning the representativeness of the soil physical quality indicators used. The outcomes showed severe soil compaction under all tillage treatments and slight improvements in soil physical quality marginally above the working depth for the different treatments. Additionally, conversion to conservation tillage led to less pronounced improvements in soil physical quality under Pannonian conditions than have been reported in more humid climates. This work was partially supported from the projects \u2018Catch-C\u2019 (FP7-KBBE-2011-5), which is co-funded by the European Commission, \u2018Development of automated tools for the optimal monitoring of the erosion of agricultural land using remote sensing methods\u2019 (QK1720289, 2017-2019) and \u2018Shui\u2019 (773903), which is co-funded by the European Commission within H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "13. Climate action", "Tillage intensity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management", "Soil compaction", "Soil water balance", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.journalssystem.com/intagro/pdf-130450-58984?filename=Weninger.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/252999"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Agrophysics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/252999", "name": "item", "description": "10261/252999", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/252999"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3589102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:23:47Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "OSMO soil health dataset 2015-2018", "description": "Open AccessThis is soil health data collected from 24 Finnish fields between 2015-2018. The fields were chosen to represent fields with poor and good productivity on a given farm. The dataset is coded based on farm code (two letters) and field code: 0 poor field, no interventions; 1 poor field, improved soil management; K good field. Fields were monitored for soil nutrients, soil physical quality and some biological parameters (aggregate stability, earthworms, arthropods, soil carbon dioxide burst respiration). The overview dataset contains the parameters used for monitoring development in soil health in the fields, the additional dataset present plant tissue nutrient concentrations and soil structure evaluation as well as a comparison of organic matter analysis from three laboratories and a comparison of two aggregate stability assessment methods. More information on the study can be found in the two reports (in Finnish, w. English abstracts): http://hdl.handle.net/10138/229450 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/309062", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil compaction", "agroecology", "soil health", "plant nutrients", "agricultural management", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mattila, Tuomas, Rajala, Jukka,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589102"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3589102", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3589102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3589102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-01JV4A4VV9MSQATBRHJD3K77RH", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-25", "title": "Multi-dimensional evaluation of site-specific tillage using mouldboard ploughing", "description": "Due to the lack of high-resolution data on soil compaction using proximal sensing technology, mouldboard (MB) ploughing is carried out at uniform speed and depth, which does not necessarily respond to tillage needs due to compaction level and depth that are spatially variable across the field area. This study aims at simulating the comparative performance of different site specific tillage (SST) schemes (e.g., speed and depth) and uniform tillage of a MB plough using a high resolution soil packing density (PD) maps. An on-the-go soil sensing platform was used to predict and map topsoil PD in a Luvisol field in Belgium and two Cambisol fields in Spain. All fields were divided into three management zones, to each of which different tillage speed and depth were assigned based on PD maps. A MATLAB simulation code was developed to predict and compare the power efficiency, fuel consumption, emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from diesel combustion and total operating time of uniform, SST depth, SST speed, and hybrid SST depth and speed MB ploughing schemes. Results revealed that the degree of soil compaction varies from field to field and within fields, which necessitates SST tillage practices. It was found that the depth control was the best performing SST in fields having large areas with low (PD < 1.55) and medium (PD = 1.55 - 1.70) compaction levels, resulting in the largest reduction in draught (33.7 % - 57 %), fuel consumption and CO2 emission (29.6 % - 50.1 %), while using the same operational time as that of the uniform tillage. However, in cases when the majority of the field area was highly compacted (PD > 1.70), potential savings were smaller at 22.5 %, with the speed control emerged as a more effective control scheme. It is recommended to validate the simulation results of SST of MB ploughing in fields to enable assessing the impacts they have on crop responses and soil quality.", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "CALIBRATION", "NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY", "Precision agriculture", "IN-SITU", "SOIL COMPACTION", "Compaction", "LOAM", "Energy consumption", "DENSITY", "ONLINE SENSOR", "On-the-go soil sensing", "Simulation", "TOPSOIL COMPACTION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-01JV4A4VV9MSQATBRHJD3K77RH"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-01JV4A4VV9MSQATBRHJD3K77RH", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-01JV4A4VV9MSQATBRHJD3K77RH", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-01JV4A4VV9MSQATBRHJD3K77RH"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11104/0341036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "<p>             Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene             OsYUC8             . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover,             osaux1             mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil.           </p", "keywords": ["roots", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Cell biology", "Arabidopsis", "Biophysics", "Plant Science", "Plant Roots", "Biochemistry", "Gene", "Catalysis", "Mixed Function Oxygenases", "Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development and Regulation", "soil compaction", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Abscisic acid", "Ethylene", "03 medical and health sciences", "aba", "ethylene", "Auxin", "Elongation", "Biology", "Plant Proteins", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Mutant", "Life Sciences", "Oryza", "Plant Nutrient Uptake and Signaling Pathways", "Biological Sciences", "Ethylenes", "15. Life on land", "Materials science", "Root Aeration", "Chemistry", "ABA", "Plant Responses to Flooding Stress", "Ultimate tensile strength", "Mutation", "Metallurgy", "auxin", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2201072119"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11104/0341036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11104/0341036", "name": "item", "description": "11104/0341036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11104/0341036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/309244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:08Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Agricultural Land Degradation in the Czech Republic", "description": "Closed AccessI would like to thank the teams that worked on Tudi project no. 101000224, EU ITN SOPLAS project no. 955334, and on project no. LTC20001 \u201cFire effects on soils,\u201d which contributed to some of the results reported in this chapter.", "keywords": ["Land collectivization", "Soil sealing", "Wind erosion", "Soil erosion", "Wild fires", "Pesticides", "Soil compaction"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zumr, David", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/309244"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/309244", "name": "item", "description": "10261/309244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/309244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/398018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-05-23", "title": "Developing topsoil structure through conservation management to protect subsoil from compaction", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Conservation management", "Compaction", "Dynamic penetrometer", "Aggregate stability", "Subsoil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/398018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/398018", "name": "item", "description": "10261/398018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/398018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1854/LU-8709527", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-25", "title": "Towards the Development and Verification of a 3D-Based Advanced Optimized Farm Machinery Trajectory Algorithm", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Efforts related to minimizing the environmental burden caused by agricultural activities and increasing economic efficiency are key contemporary drivers in the precision agriculture domain. Controlled Traffic Farming (CTF) techniques are being applied against soil compaction creation, using the on-line optimization of trajectory planning for soil-sensitive field operations. The research presented in this paper aims at a proof-of-concept solution with respect to optimizing farm machinery trajectories in order to minimize the environmental burden and increase economic efficiency. As such, it further advances existing CTF solutions by including (1) efficient plot divisions in 3D, (2) the optimization of entry and exit points of both plot and plot segments, (3) the employment of more machines in parallel and (4) obstacles in a farm machinery trajectory. The developed algorithm is expressed in terms of unified modeling language (UML) activity diagrams as well as pseudo-code. Results were visualized in 2D and 3D to demonstrate terrain impact. Verifications were conducted at a fully operational commercial farm (Rost\u011bnice, the Czech Republic) against second-by-second sensor measurements of real farm machinery trajectories.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology and Engineering", "controlled traffic farming", "Chemical technology", "mission planning", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biochemistry", "Article", "Analytical Chemistry", "soil compaction", "Atomic and Molecular Physics", "digital elevation model", "AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "and Optics", "coverage path planning", "controlled traffic farming; coverage path planning; digital elevation model; mission planning; soil compaction"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2980/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1854/LU-8709527"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1854/LU-8709527", "name": "item", "description": "1854/LU-8709527", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1854/LU-8709527"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/11950", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-06", "title": "Imaging microstructure of the barley rhizosphere: particle packing and root hair influences", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Soil adjacent to roots has distinct structural and physical properties from bulk soil, affecting water and solute acquisition by plants. Detailed knowledge on how root activity and traits such as root hairs affect the three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensional pore structure at a fine scale is scarce and often contradictory.</p>  <p>Roots of hairless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Optic) mutant (NRH) and its wildtype (WT) parent were grown in tubes of sieved (&lt;250\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) sandy loam soil under two different water regimes. The tubes were scanned by synchrotron\uffe2\uff80\uff90based X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography to visualise pore structure at the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93root interface. Pore volume fraction and pore size distribution were analysed vs distance within 1\uffc2\uffa0mm of the root surface.</p>  <p>Less dense packing of particles at the root surface was hypothesised to cause the observed increased pore volume fraction immediately next to the epidermis. The pore size distribution was narrower due to a decreased fraction of larger pores. There were no statistically significant differences in pore structure between genotypes or moisture conditions.</p>  <p>A model is proposed that describes the variation in porosity near roots taking into account soil compaction and the surface effect at the root surface.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["name=Physiology", "STABILIZATION", "Physiology", "EP/M020355/1", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Plant Science", "Supplementary data available", "Plant Roots", "630", "noninvasive imaging", "Soil", "646809DIMR", "STRENGTH", "BB/J00868/1", "Hordeum vulgare", "2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Rhizosphere", "COMPRESSION", "soil structure", "Porosity", "European Research Council", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1300/1314", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110", "root hairs", "COMPACTION", "QH301", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "synchrotron", "particle packing", "SOIL-STRUCTURE", "BB/L025620/1", "WATER-STRESS", "NE/L00237/1", "580", "ELONGATION", "Civil_env_eng", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "POROSITY", "Water", "Hordeum", "15. Life on land", "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "Mutation", "Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "PENETRATION", "name=Plant Science", "rhizosphere", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "MAIZE", "BB/P004180/1", "Synchrotrons", "BB/L025825/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5489/1/AS6808504337817661539338801587_content_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15516"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/11950", "name": "item", "description": "2164/11950", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/11950"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3111530760", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-08", "title": "Detection of physical hazards in soil profiles using quantitative soil physical quality assessment in the Pannonian basin, Eastern Austria", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Reliable estimations of soil physical quality provide valuable information for the evaluation and advancement of agricultural soil management strategies. In the agriculturally highly productive Pannonian basin in Eastern Austria, little emphasis has been placed on the determination of soil physical quality and corresponding soil degradation risks. Nevertheless, ongoing climate change, especially prolonged drought periods and higher rainfall intensity, will raise the need for appropriate soil management strategies. Soil physical quality was therefore assessed in nine soil profiles in a long-term tillage experiment which has been in operation since 1988 in Eastern Austria. Soil samples from depths of between 2 and 37 cm and under three different tillage systems (conventional, reduced and minimal tillage) were analysed for various indicators of soil physical quality. The resulting classifications of soil physical quality in the different profiles were compared qualitatively and quantitatively together with an estimation concerning the representativeness of the soil physical quality indicators used. The outcomes showed severe soil compaction under all tillage treatments and slight improvements in soil physical quality marginally above the working depth for the different treatments. Additionally, conversion to conservation tillage led to less pronounced improvements in soil physical quality under Pannonian conditions than have been reported in more humid climates. This work was partially supported from the projects \u2018Catch-C\u2019 (FP7-KBBE-2011-5), which is co-funded by the European Commission, \u2018Development of automated tools for the optimal monitoring of the erosion of agricultural land using remote sensing methods\u2019 (QK1720289, 2017-2019) and \u2018Shui\u2019 (773903), which is co-funded by the European Commission within H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "13. Climate action", "Tillage intensity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management", "Soil compaction", "Soil water balance", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.journalssystem.com/intagro/pdf-130450-58984?filename=Weninger.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3111530760"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Agrophysics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3111530760", "name": "item", "description": "3111530760", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3111530760"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "38387558", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:27:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-20", "title": "Topsoil porosity prediction across habitats at large scales using environmental variables", "description": "Soil porosity and its reciprocal bulk density are important environmental state variables that enable modelers to represent hydraulic function and carbon storage. Biotic effects and their 'dynamic' influence on such state variables remain largely unknown for larger scales and may result in important, yet poorly quantified environmental feedbacks. Existing representation of hydraulic function is often invariant to environmental change and may be poor in some systems, particularly non-arable soils. Here we assess predictors of total porosity across two comprehensive national topsoil (0-15\u00a0cm) data sets, covering the full range of soil organic matter (SOM) and habitats (n\u00a0=\u00a01385 & n\u00a0=\u00a02570), using generalized additive mixed models and machine learning. Novel aspects of this work include the testing of metrics on aggregate size and livestock density alongside a range of different particle size distribution metrics. We demonstrate that porosity trends in Great Britain are dominated by biotic metrics, soil carbon and land use. Incorporating these variables into porosity prediction improves performance, paving the way for new dynamic calculation of porosity using surrogate measures with remote sensing, which may help improve prediction in data sparse regions of the world. Moreover, dynamic calculation of porosity could support representation of feedbacks in environmental and Earth System Models. Representing the hydrological feedbacks from changes in structural porosity also requires data and models at appropriate spatial scales to capture conditions leading to near-saturated soil conditions. Classification. Environmental Sciences.", "keywords": ["land use change", "soil compaction", "climate change", "earth system model", "13. Climate action", "soil porosity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil carbon", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/38387558"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "38387558", "name": "item", "description": "38387558", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/38387558"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10278232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:28:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-05", "title": "Cultivar-dependent differences in tuber growth cause increased soil resistance in potato fields", "description": "<p>Since soil compaction of potato fields delays shoot emergence and decreases total yield, the causes and effects of this compaction need to be better understood. In a controlled environment trial with young (before tuber initiation) plants, roots of cv. Inca Bella (a phureja group cultivar) were more sensitive to increased soil resistance (3.0 MPa) than cv. Maris Piper (a tuberosum group cultivar). Such variation was hypothesized to cause yield differences in two field trials, in which compaction treatments were applied after tuber planting. Trial 1 increased initial soil resistance from 0.15 MPa to 0.3 MPa. By the end of the growing season, soil resistance increased three-fold in the upper 20\uffc2\uffa0cm of the soil, but resistance in Maris Piper plots was up to twice that of Inca Bella plots. Maris Piper yield was 60% higher than Inca Bella and independent of soil compaction treatment, whilst compacted soil reduced Inca Bella yield by 30%. Trial 2 increased initial soil resistance from 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Soil resistance in the compacted treatments increased to similar, cultivar-dependent resistances as trial 1. Maris Piper yield was 12% higher than Inca Bella, but cultivar variation in yield response to compacted soil did not occur. Soil water content, root growth and tuber growth were measured to determine whether these factors could explain cultivar differences in soil resistance. Soil water content was similar between cultivars, thus did not cause soil resistance to vary between cultivars. Root density was insufficient to cause observed increases soil resistance. Finally, differences in soil resistance between cultivars became significant during tuber initiation, and became more pronounced until harvest. Increased tuber biomass volume (yield) of Maris Piper increased estimated mean soil density (and thus soil resistance) more than Inca Bella. This increase seems to depend on initial compaction, as soil resistance did not significantly increase in uncompacted soil. While increased soil resistance caused cultivar-dependent restriction of root density of young plants that was consistent with cultivar variation in yield, tuber growth likely caused cultivar-dependent increases in soil resistance in field trials, which may have further limited Inca Bella yield.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil compaction", "570", "leaf area", "root growth", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "soil moisture", "630", "tuber yield", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC10278232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC10278232", "name": "item", "description": "PMC10278232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC10278232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_threats=soil+compaction&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_threats=soil+compaction&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_threats=soil+compaction&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?facets=true&soil_threats=soil+compaction&offset=40", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 40, "numberReturned": 40, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T17:40:04.626886Z"}