Abstract. We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850\uffe2\uff80\uff932000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5\uffc2\uffb0 in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Our best estimate for the year 2000 inventory represents a combination of existing regional and global inventories to capture the best information available at this point; 40 regions and 12 sectors are used to combine the various sources. The historical reconstruction of each emitted compound, for each region and sector, is then forced to agree with our 2000 estimate, ensuring continuity between past and 2000 emissions. Simulations from two chemistry-climate models is used to test the ability of the emission dataset described here to capture long-term changes in atmospheric ozone, carbon monoxide and aerosol distributions. The simulated long-term change in the Northern mid-latitudes surface and mid-troposphere ozone is not quite as rapid as observed. However, stations outside this latitude band show much better agreement in both present-day and long-term trend. The model simulations indicate that the concentration of carbon monoxide is underestimated at the Mace Head station; however, the long-term trend over the limited observational period seems to be reasonably well captured. The simulated sulfate and black carbon deposition over Greenland is in very good agreement with the ice-core observations spanning the simulation period. Finally, aerosol optical depth and additional aerosol diagnostics are shown to be in good agreement with previously published estimates and observations.
", "keywords": ["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "IPCC", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Physics", "QC1-999", "emissions", "551", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "J", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "CMIP5", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "QD1-999", "AR5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/9279/1/acp-10-7017-2010.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/9279/1/acp-10-7017-2010.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-06", "title": "Characterising and linking X-ray CT derived macroporosity parameters to infiltration in soils with contrasting structures", "description": "Soils deliver the regulating ecosystem services of water infiltration and distribution, which can be controlled by macropores. Parameterizing macropore hydraulic properties is challenging due to the lack of direct measurement methods. With tension-disc infiltrometry hydraulic properties near saturation can be measured. Differentiating between hydrologically active and non-active pores, at a given water potential, indirectly assesses macropore continuity. Water flow through macropores is controlled by macropore size distribution, tortuosity, and connectivity, which can be directly derived by X-ray computed tomography (CT). Our objective was to parameterize macropore hydraulic properties based on the imaged macropore network of three horizons of an Andosol and a Gleysol. Hydraulic conductivity K unsat was derived from infiltration measurements. Soil cores from the infiltration areas were scanned with X-ray CT. K unsat was significantly higher in the Andosol than in the Gleysol at all water potentials, and decreased significantly with depth in both soils. The in situ measurements guided the definition of new macroporosity parameters from the X-ray CT reconstructions. For the Andosol, K unsat was best predicted using the imaged-limited macroporosity. A low total macroporosity, coupled with a high macropore density, indicated the abundance of smaller macropores, leading to homogeneous matrix flux. Imaged macropores were not well connected. In contrast, the Gleysol had a bi-modal macropore system with few very large, but well-connected macropores. K unsat was best predicted using the imaged macroporosity consisting only of macropores with diameters between 0.75 and 3 mm. Our research demonstrates that linking traditional soil physical measurements with soil-visualization techniques has a huge potential to improve parameterizing macropore hydraulic properties. The relevance of the relationships found in this study for larger scales and other soil types still needs to be tested, for example by a multi-scale investigation including a much wider range of different soils.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Hydraulic parameters", "0207 environmental engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Image analysis", "Tension disc in\ufb01ltrometr", "Tension disc infiltrometry", "Pore network", "13. Climate action", "Soil structure", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "Wildfire Effects On Soil Organic Matter Quantity And Quality In Two Fire-Prone Mediterranean Pine Forests", "description": "Open AccessFinancial support was supplied by the Institut National des Science d'Univers of the Centre National de Recherche Scienti\ufb01que (France), under the framework of the ECCO program 'QUANTICHAR'.", "keywords": ["570", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "Mediterranean pine forests", "Wildfires", " Mediterranean pine forests", " Soil organic matter (SOM)", " Lignin", " Charcoal.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Lignin", "630", "Wildfires", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "Soil organic matter (SOM);", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-23", "title": "Modified Penman\u2013Monteith equation for monitoring evapotranspiration of wheat crop: Relationship between the surface resistance and remotely sensed stress index", "description": "Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role for detecting plant water status, estimating crop water needs and optimising irrigation management. Accurate estimates of ET at field scale are therefore critical. The present paper investigates a remote sensing and modelling coupled approach for monitoring actual ET of irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid region of Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco). The ET modelling is based on a modified Penman\u2013Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a stress index (SI). SI is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The proposed model is first calibrated using eddy covariance measurements of ET during one growing season (2015\u20132016) over an experimental flood-irrigated wheat field located within the irrigated perimeter named R3. It is then validated during the same growing season over another drip-irrigated wheat field located in the same perimeter. Next, the proposed ET model is implemented over a 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0km2 area in R3 using a time series of Landsat-7/8 reflectance and LST data. The comparison between modelled and measured ET fluxes indicates that the model works well. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values over drip and flood sites were 13 and 12\u00a0W\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. The proposed approach has a great potential for detecting crop water stress and estimating crop water requirements over large areas along the agricultural season.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "Penman-30", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Crop water stress", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Bulk surface resistance", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Landsat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosystems%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2017.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-15", "title": "Including Sentinel-1 radar data to improve the disaggregation of MODIS land surface temperature data", "description": "Abstract The use of land surface temperature (LST) for monitoring the consumption and water status of crops requires data at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. Unfortunately, the current spaceborne thermal sensors provide data at either high temporal (e.g. MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) or high spatial (e.g. Landsat) resolution separately. Disaggregating low spatial resolution (LR) LST data using ancillary data available at high spatio-temporal resolution could compensate for the lack of high spatial resolution (HR) LST observations. Existing LST downscaling approaches generally rely on the fractional green vegetation cover (fgv) derived from HR reflectances but they do not take into account the soil water availability to explain the spatial variability in LST at HR. In this context, a new method is developed to disaggregate kilometric MODIS LST at 100\u202fm resolution by including the Sentinel-1 (S-1) backscatter, which is indirectly linked to surface soil moisture, in addition to the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 (L-7 & L-8) reflectances. The approach is tested over two different sites \u2013 an 8\u202fkm by 8\u202fkm irrigated crop area named \u201cR3\u201d and a 12\u202fkm by 12\u202fkm rainfed area named \u201cSidi Rahal\u201d in central Morocco (Marrakech) \u2013 on the seven dates when S-1, and L-7 or L-8 acquisitions coincide with a one-day precision during the 2015\u20132016 growing season. The downscaling methods are applied to the 1\u202fkm resolution MODIS-Terra LST data, and their performance is assessed by comparing the 100\u202fm disaggregated LST to Landsat LST in three cases: no disaggregation, disaggregation using Landsat fgv only, disaggregation using both Landsat fgv and S-1 backscatter. When including fgv only in the disaggregation procedure, the mean root mean square error in LST decreases from 4.20 to 3.60\u202f\u00b0C and the mean correlation coefficient (R) increases from 0.45 to 0.69 compared to the non-disaggregated case within R3. The new methodology including the S-1 backscatter as input to the disaggregation is found to be systematically more accurate on the available dates with a disaggregation mean error decreasing to 3.35\u202f\u00b0C and a mean R increasing to 0.75.", "keywords": ["LST", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "6. Clean water", "MODIS/Terra", "Disaggregation", "disaggregation", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "MODIS/Terra Landsat", "MODISTerra Landsat", "Sentinel-1", "Soil moisture", "soil moisture", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Landsat", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ISPRS%20Journal%20of%20Photogrammetry%20and%20Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-18", "title": "Runoff and nutrient loss from a water-repellent soil", "description": "Abstract The effects of soil water repellency (SWR) on runoff and nutrient losses are difficult to isolate. Hydrophobic organic substances coating soil particles can severely delay water infiltration and enhance runoff. We used a portable run-on simulator to investigate the effect of SWR on runoff and nutrient loss. Intact soil slabs, 0.48\u202fm long and 0.19\u202fm wide, were collected from a severely water-repellent Andosol under pasture. One day before simulating 60-min long run-on events with an intensity of 60\u202fmm\u202fh\u22121, superphosphate was applied at a rate of 45\u202fkg\u202fP\u202fha\u22121. The effects of SWR were quantified by comparing runoff volumes and nutrient losses from run-on events conducted with water and a fully wetting aqueous ethanol solution as run-on liquids. Further, through conducting multiple consecutive water run-on events with the same soil slab, the hypothesis, that SWR is lost through the washing off of hydrophobic materials, was tested. Finally, runoff dynamics were visualised by adding a dye to the run-on water. In the first run-on experiment, 88% of the water applied was captured as runoff, while no runoff was observed when aqueous ethanol was used as run-on liquid, providing strong evidence that SWR governed runoff generation from this Andosol. In consecutive water run-on experiments, approximately 23% of the applied P was recovered in the runoff from the first event, while the cumulative P loss over ten consecutive run-on events was around 30% of the applied P. This confirms that nutrient losses were associated with SWR and the occurrence of runoff. After ten consecutive run-on events, the persistence of both actual and potential SWR in areas of the slab that had been wetted were significantly (p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-06", "title": "Unpacking ecosystem service bundles: Towards predictive mapping of synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services", "description": "Multiple ecosystem services (ES) can respond similarly to social and ecological factors to form bundles. Identifying key social-ecological variables and understanding how they co-vary to produce these consistent sets of ES may ultimately allow the prediction and modelling of ES bundles, and thus, help us understand critical synergies and trade-offs across landscapes. Such an understanding is essential for informing better management of multi-functional landscapes and minimising costly trade-offs. However, the relative importance of different social and biophysical drivers of ES bundles in different types of social-ecological systems remains unclear. As such, a bottom-up understanding of the determinants of ES bundles is a critical research gap in ES and sustainability science. Here, we evaluate the current methods used in ES bundle science and synthesize these into four steps that capture the plurality of methods used to examine predictors of ES bundles. We then apply these four steps to a cross-study comparison (North and South French Alps) of relationships between social-ecological variables and ES bundles, as it is widely advocated that cross-study comparisons are necessary for achieving a general understanding of predictors of ES associations. We use the results of this case study to assess the strengths and limitations of current approaches for understanding distributions of ES bundles. We conclude that inconsistency of spatial scale remains the primary barrier for understanding and predicting ES bundles. We suggest a hypothesis-driven approach is required to predict relationships between ES, and we outline the research required for such an understanding to emerge.
", "keywords": ["natural capital", "Social-ecological systems", "577", "land use", "Trade-off", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "cross-study comparison", "01 natural sciences", "333", "social-ecological systems", "Cross-study comparison", "Land use", "Natural capital", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Ecosystem services", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "ecosystem services", "French Alps", "trade-off", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413028/1/Spake_et_alUnpacking_ecosystem_service_bundles_acceptedMS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Environmental%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-10", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term Organic Residue Recycling In Agriculture On Soil Solution Composition And Trace Metal Leaching In Soils", "description": "Recycling composted organic residues in agriculture can reduce the need of mineral fertilizers and improve the physicochemical and biological properties of cultivated soils. However, some trace elements may accumulate in soils following repeated applications and impact other compartments of the agrosystems. This study aims at evaluating the long-term impact of such practices on the composition of soil leaching water, especially on trace metal concentrations. The field experiment QualiAgro started in 1998 on typical loess Luvisol of the Paris Basin, with a maize-wheat crop succession and five modalities: spreading of three different urban waste composts, farmyard manure (FYM), and no organic amendment (CTR). Inputs of trace metals have been close to regulatory limits, but supplies of organic matter and nitrogen overpassed common practices. Soil solutions were collected from wick lysimeters at 45 and 100 cm in one plot for each modality, during two drainage periods after the last spreading. Despite wide temporal variations, a significant effect of treatments on major solutes appears at 45 cm: DOC, Ca, K, Mg, Na, nitrate, sulphate and chloride concentrations were higher in most amended plots compared to CTR. Cu concentrations were also significantly higher in leachates of amended plots compared to CTR, whereas no clear effect emerged for Zn. The influence of amendments on solute concentrations appeared weaker at 1 m than at 45 cm, but still significant and positive for major anions and DOC. Average concentrations of Cu and Zn at 1m depth lied in the ranges [2.5; 3.8] and [2.5; 10.5 \u03bcg/L], respectively, with values slightly higher for plots amended with sewage sludge compost or FYM than for CTR. However, leaching of both metals was less than 1% of their respective inputs through organic amendments. For Cd, most values were <0.05 \u03bcg/L. So, metals added through spreading of compost or manure during 14 years may have increased metal concentrations in leachates of amended plots, in spite of increased soil organic matter, factor of metal retention. Indeed, DOC, also increased by amendments, favours the mobility of Cu; whereas pH variations, depending on treatments, influence negatively the solubility of Zn. Generic adsorption functions of these variables partly explain the variations of trace metal concentrations and helped to unravel the numerous processes induced by regular amendments with organic waste products.", "keywords": ["cultivated soil", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "trace element", "Agriculture", "heavy metal", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "11. Sustainability", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Soil Pollutants", "Recycling", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "organic amendment", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-30", "title": "Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming", "description": "Abstract
Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role.
To assess whether crop residue (leaf and root) traits determined SOC sequestration responses to OF, we coupled a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis with field measurements across a European\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide network of sites. In the meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, we related crop species averages of leaf N, leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry matter content, fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root C and N, with SOC stocks and sequestration responses in OF vs. CF. Across six European sites, we measured the management\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in SOC stocks and leaf litter traits after long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term ecological intensive (e.g. OF) vs. CF comparisons.
Our global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis showed that the positive OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on soil respiration, SOC stocks, and SOC sequestration rates were significant even in organic farms with low manure application rates. Although fertilization intensity was the main driver of OF\uffe2\uff80\uff90effects on SOC, leaf and root N concentrations also played a significant role. Across the six European sites, changes towards higher leaf litter N in CF also promoted lower SOC stocks.
Our results highlight that crop species displaying traits indicative of resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisitive strategies (e.g. high leaf and root N) increase the difference in SOC between OF and CF. Indeed, changes towards higher crop residue decomposability was related with decreased SOC stocks under CF across European sites.
Synthesis and applications. Our study emphasizes that, with management, changes in crop residue traits contribute to the positive effects of organic farming (OF) on soil carbon sequestration. These results provide a clear message to land managers: the choice of crop species, and more importantly their functional traits (e.g. leave and root nitrogen), should be considered in addition to management practices and climate, when evaluating the potential of OF for climate change mitigation.
", "keywords": ["SOC sequestration", "0301 basic medicine", "Organic farming", "Resource economics traits", "Soil Science", "Ecological intensification", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Markvetenskap", "630", "Soil quality", "climate change mitigation", "Climate change mitigation", "03 medical and health sciences", "ecological intensification", "organic farming", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Crop residue", "soil carbon stocks", "'Organics' in general", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "leaf nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "resource economics traits", "meta-analysis", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Meta-analysis", "crop residue", "13. Climate action", "crop traits", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Leaf nitrogen", "Soil carbon stocks"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2664.13113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2664.13113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1177/0959683619826637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-15", "title": "Holocene demographic fluctuations, climate and erosion in the Mediterranean: A meta data-analysis", "description": "As part of the Changing the Face of the Mediterranean Project, we consider how human pressure and concomitant erosion has affected a range of Mediterranean landscapes between the Neolithic and, in some cases, the post-medieval period. Part of this assessment comprises an investigation of relationships among palaeodemographic data, evidence for vegetation change and some consideration of rapid climate change events. The erosion data include recent or hitherto unpublished work from the authors. Where possible, we consider summed probabilities of 14C dates as well as the first published synthesis of all known optically stimulated luminescence dated sequences. The results suggest that while there were some periods when erosion took place contemporaneously across a number of regions, possibly induced by climate changes, more often than not, we see a complex and heterogeneous interplay of demographic and environmental changes that result in a mixed pattern of erosional activity across the Mediterranean.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "demography", "human impact", "550", "[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology", "[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Mediterranean", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0601 history and archaeology", "[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "demography; erosion; geoarchaeology; Holocene; human impact; Mediterranean", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Holocene", "06 humanities and the arts", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "geoarchaeology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1858935/2/Walsh_etal_2019.pdf"}, {"href": "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0959683619826637"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619826637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Holocene", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1177/0959683619826637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1177/0959683619826637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1177/0959683619826637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/jhm-d-16-0280.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:19:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-01", "title": "Toward a Surface Soil Moisture Product at High Spatiotemporal Resolution: Temporally Interpolated, Spatially Disaggregated SMOS Data", "description": "AbstractHigh spatial and temporal resolution surface soil moisture is required for most hydrological and agricultural applications. The recently developed Disaggregation based on Physical and Theoretical Scale Change (DisPATCh) algorithm provides 1-km-resolution surface soil moisture by downscaling the 40-km Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. However, the temporal resolution of DisPATCh data is constrained by the temporal resolution of SMOS (a global coverage every 3 days) and further limited by gaps in MODIS images due to cloud cover. This paper proposes an approach to overcome these limitations based on the assimilation of the 1-km-resolution DisPATCh data into a simple dynamic soil model forced by (inaccurate) precipitation data. The performance of the approach was assessed using ground measurements of surface soil moisture in the Yanco area in Australia and the Tensift-Haouz region in Morocco during 2014. It was found that the analyzed daily 1-km-resolution surface soil moisture compared slightly better to in situ data for all sites than the original disaggregated soil moisture products. Over the entire year, assimilation increased the correlation coefficient between estimated soil moisture and ground measurements from 0.53 to 0.70, whereas the mean unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) slightly decreased from 0.07 to 0.06 m3 m\uffe2\uff88\uff923 compared to the open-loop force\uffe2\uff80\uff93restore model. The proposed assimilation scheme has significant potential for large-scale applications over semiarid areas, since the method is based on data available at the global scale together with a parsimonious land surface model.Although the real timing and flow rates used for crop irrigation are controlled at the scale of individual plots by the irrigator, they are not generally known by the farm upper management. This information is nevertheless essential, not only to compute the water balance of irrigated plots and to schedule irrigation, but also for the management of water resources at regional scales. The aim of the present study was to detect irrigation timing using time series of surface soil moisture (SSM) derived from Sentinel-1 radar observations. The method consisted of assessing the direction of change of surface soil moisture (SSM) between observations and a water balance model, and to use thresholds to be calibrated. The performance of the approach was assessed on the F-score quantifying the accuracy of the irrigation event detections and ranging from 0 (none of the irrigation timing is correct) to 100 (perfect irrigation detection). The study focused on five irrigated and one rainfed plot of maize in South-West France, where the approach was tested using in situ measurements and surface soil moisture (SSM) maps derived from Sentinel-1 radar data. The use of in situ data showed that (1) irrigation timing was detected with a good accuracy (F-score in the range (80\uffe2\uff80\uff9383) for all plots) and (2) the optimal revisit time between two SSM observations was 2\uffe2\uff80\uff934 days. The higher uncertainties of microwave SSM products, especially when the crop is well developed (normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) > 0.7), degraded the score (F-score = 69), but various possibilities of improvement were discussed. This paper opens perspectives for the irrigation detection at the plot scale over large areas and thus for the improvement of irrigation water management.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "FAO-56", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Science", "Q", "sprinkler; corn; France; irrigation timing; FAO-56; surface soil moisture; SAR", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "630", "6. Clean water", "surface soil", "corn", "moisture", "irrigation timing", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "sprinkler", "France", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "SAR"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1621/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1621/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs12101621", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs12101621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs12101621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3188605", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-10", "title": "From Real Soils to 3D-Printed Soils: Reproduction of Complex Pore Network at the Real Size in a Silty-Loam Soil", "description": "Pore complexity and micro-heterogeneity are pivotal in characterizing biogeochemical processes in soils. Recent advances in X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) allow the 3D soil morphology characterization of undisturbed samples, although its geometrical reproduction at very small spatial scales is still challenging. Here, by combining X-ray microCT with 3D multijet printing technology, we aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of 3D-printing soil structures at the original scale with a resolution of 80 \u03bcm and compare the hydraulic properties of original soil samples with those obtained from the soil-like prototypes. Results showed that soil-like prototypes were similar to the original samples in terms of total porosity and pore shape. By contrast the pore connectivity was reduced by incomplete wax removal from pore cavities after the 3D printing procedure. Encouraging results were also obtained in terms of hydraulic conductivity since measurements were successfully conducted on five out of six samples, showing positive correlation with experimental data. We are confident that future developments of 3D-printing technologies and of their combination with microCT will help to further the understanding of soil micro-heterogeneity and its effects on soil-water dynamics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Soil structure", " 3D Print; X-ray microtomography", " water permeability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "DAL FERRO, NICOLA, MORARI, FRANCESCO,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3188605/4/Dal%20Ferro_From%20real%20soils%20to%203D%20printed%20soils_2015.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3188605"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3188605", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3188605", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3188605"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2766086485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-24", "title": "Modified Penman\u2013Monteith equation for monitoring evapotranspiration of wheat crop: Relationship between the surface resistance and remotely sensed stress index", "description": "Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role for detecting plant water status, estimating crop water needs and optimising irrigation management. Accurate estimates of ET at field scale are therefore critical. The present paper investigates a remote sensing and modelling coupled approach for monitoring actual ET of irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid region of Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco). The ET modelling is based on a modified Penman\u2013Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a stress index (SI). SI is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The proposed model is first calibrated using eddy covariance measurements of ET during one growing season (2015\u20132016) over an experimental flood-irrigated wheat field located within the irrigated perimeter named R3. It is then validated during the same growing season over another drip-irrigated wheat field located in the same perimeter. Next, the proposed ET model is implemented over a 10\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0km2 area in R3 using a time series of Landsat-7/8 reflectance and LST data. The comparison between modelled and measured ET fluxes indicates that the model works well. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values over drip and flood sites were 13 and 12\u00a0W\u00a0m\u22122, respectively. The proposed approach has a great potential for detecting crop water stress and estimating crop water requirements over large areas along the agricultural season.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "Penman-30", "Penman-Monteith", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Crop water stress", "6. Clean water", "Surface temperature", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Bulk surface resistance", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Landsat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2766086485"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosystems%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2766086485", "name": "item", "description": "2766086485", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2766086485"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2766336887", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-06", "title": "Characterising and linking X-ray CT derived macroporosity parameters to infiltration in soils with contrasting structures", "description": "Soils deliver the regulating ecosystem services of water infiltration and distribution, which can be controlled by macropores. Parameterizing macropore hydraulic properties is challenging due to the lack of direct measurement methods. With tension-disc infiltrometry hydraulic properties near saturation can be measured. Differentiating between hydrologically active and non-active pores, at a given water potential, indirectly assesses macropore continuity. Water flow through macropores is controlled by macropore size distribution, tortuosity, and connectivity, which can be directly derived by X-ray computed tomography (CT). Our objective was to parameterize macropore hydraulic properties based on the imaged macropore network of three horizons of an Andosol and a Gleysol. Hydraulic conductivity K unsat was derived from infiltration measurements. Soil cores from the infiltration areas were scanned with X-ray CT. K unsat was significantly higher in the Andosol than in the Gleysol at all water potentials, and decreased significantly with depth in both soils. The in situ measurements guided the definition of new macroporosity parameters from the X-ray CT reconstructions. For the Andosol, K unsat was best predicted using the imaged-limited macroporosity. A low total macroporosity, coupled with a high macropore density, indicated the abundance of smaller macropores, leading to homogeneous matrix flux. Imaged macropores were not well connected. In contrast, the Gleysol had a bi-modal macropore system with few very large, but well-connected macropores. K unsat was best predicted using the imaged macroporosity consisting only of macropores with diameters between 0.75 and 3 mm. Our research demonstrates that linking traditional soil physical measurements with soil-visualization techniques has a huge potential to improve parameterizing macropore hydraulic properties. The relevance of the relationships found in this study for larger scales and other soil types still needs to be tested, for example by a multi-scale investigation including a much wider range of different soils.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Hydraulic parameters", "0207 environmental engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Image analysis", "Tension disc in\ufb01ltrometr", "Tension disc infiltrometry", "Pore network", "13. Climate action", "Soil structure", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2766336887"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2766336887", "name": "item", "description": "2766336887", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2766336887"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2775310052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-01", "title": "Toward a Surface Soil Moisture Product at High Spatiotemporal Resolution: Temporally Interpolated, Spatially Disaggregated SMOS Data", "description": "AbstractHigh spatial and temporal resolution surface soil moisture is required for most hydrological and agricultural applications. The recently developed Disaggregation based on Physical and Theoretical Scale Change (DisPATCh) algorithm provides 1-km-resolution surface soil moisture by downscaling the 40-km Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. However, the temporal resolution of DisPATCh data is constrained by the temporal resolution of SMOS (a global coverage every 3 days) and further limited by gaps in MODIS images due to cloud cover. This paper proposes an approach to overcome these limitations based on the assimilation of the 1-km-resolution DisPATCh data into a simple dynamic soil model forced by (inaccurate) precipitation data. The performance of the approach was assessed using ground measurements of surface soil moisture in the Yanco area in Australia and the Tensift-Haouz region in Morocco during 2014. It was found that the analyzed daily 1-km-resolution surface soil moisture compared slightly better to in situ data for all sites than the original disaggregated soil moisture products. Over the entire year, assimilation increased the correlation coefficient between estimated soil moisture and ground measurements from 0.53 to 0.70, whereas the mean unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) slightly decreased from 0.07 to 0.06 m3 m\uffe2\uff88\uff923 compared to the open-loop force\uffe2\uff80\uff93restore model. The proposed assimilation scheme has significant potential for large-scale applications over semiarid areas, since the method is based on data available at the global scale together with a parsimonious land surface model.50% for S.\u00a0nigrum). We suggest that Cd is partly complexed by organic acids for transportation in the sap.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28566", "cadmium", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2219", "Speciation", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "d\u00e9toxification", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Soil Pollutants", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32389", "Solanum melongena", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5383", "Solanaceae", "Solanum nigrum", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "580", "Toxicity", "thiol", "X-Ray absorption spectroscopy", "[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "3. Good health", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7731", "bioaccumulation", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy", "acide organique", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7218", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32250", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "spectroscopie aux rayons x", "H50 - Troubles divers des plantes", "P02 - Pollution", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1178", "Sulfur", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3137244153"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3137244153", "name": "item", "description": "3137244153", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3137244153"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "33774364", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:26:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-13", "title": "X-ray absorption spectroscopy evidence of sulfur-bound cadmium in the Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum and the non-accumulator Solanum melongena", "description": "It has been proposed that non-protein thiols and organic acids play a major role in cadmium phytoavailability and distribution in plants. In the Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum and non-accumulator Solanum melongena, the role of these organic ligands in the accumulation and detoxification mechanisms of Cd are debated. In this study, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate Cd speciation in these plants (roots, stem, leaves) and in the soils used for their culture to unravel the plants responses to Cd exposure. The results show that Cd in the 100\u00a0mg\u00a0kg-1 Cd-doped clayey loam soil is sorbed onto iron oxyhydroxides. In both S.\u00a0nigrum and S.\u00a0melongena, Cd in roots and fresh leaves is mainly bound to thiol ligands, with a small contribution of inorganic S ligands in S.\u00a0nigrum leaves. We interpret the Cd binding to sulfur ligands as detoxification mechanisms, possibly involving the sequestration of Cd complexed with glutathione or phytochelatins in the plant vacuoles. In the stems, results show an increase binding of Cd to -O ligands (>50% for S.\u00a0nigrum). We suggest that Cd is partly complexed by organic acids for transportation in the sap.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28566", "cadmium", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2219", "Speciation", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "d\u00e9toxification", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Soil Pollutants", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32389", "Solanum melongena", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5383", "Solanaceae", "Solanum nigrum", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "580", "Toxicity", "thiol", "X-Ray absorption spectroscopy", "[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics", "3. Good health", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7731", "bioaccumulation", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy", "acide organique", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7218", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32250", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "spectroscopie aux rayons x", "H50 - Troubles divers des plantes", "P02 - Pollution", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1178", "Sulfur", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/33774364"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "33774364", "name": "item", "description": "33774364", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/33774364"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od______3711::54ca06bb7bccbc8f1d796db5eb07f4cc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:26:37Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Mutualistic tree-frugivore interactions in Afrotropical forests : from local ecological knowledge to the identification of network interaction patterns", "description": "unspecifiedDans les for\u00eats tropicales la frugivorie est un processus \u00e9cologique majeur, car la plupart des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres d\u00e9pendent des frugivores pour leur dispersion, et de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces animales utilisent les fruits comme principales sources de nourriture. Cependant, les r\u00e9seaux de frugivorie entre plantes et animaux dans les for\u00eats Afrotropicales sont peu d\u00e9crits, et les m\u00e9canismes qui les fa\u00e7onnent restent largement inexplor\u00e9s. Cette th\u00e8se de doctorat aborde une approche structurelle du r\u00e9seau de frugivorie, une approche plantes-communaut\u00e9s et une approche m\u00e9thodologique utilisant les connaissances \u00e9cologiques locales et les cam\u00e9ras.Le chapitre 1 d\u00e9crit le r\u00e9seau de frugivorie des for\u00eats Afrotropicales, bas\u00e9 sur une compilation des interactions de frugivorie issues de la litt\u00e9rature avec >10 000 interactions - 807 esp\u00e8ces d'arbres et 285 esp\u00e8ces animales. La structure du r\u00e9seau a \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9e avec un latent block model, une m\u00e9thode qui groupe des esp\u00e8ces pr\u00e9sentant des sch\u00e9mas d'interaction similaires et estime les probabilit\u00e9s d'interaction entre elles. Les grands frugivores \u00e9taient les principaux disperseurs de la plupart des arbres et les grands arbres \u00e9taient les principales sources de fruits de la plupart des frugivores. Nos r\u00e9sultats montrent aussi la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de ce r\u00e9seau de frugivorie et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 fragile des for\u00eats Afrotropicales.Le chapitre 2 s'est concentr\u00e9 sur les variations des traits des communaut\u00e9s d'arbres dans les for\u00eats du Bassin du Congo en relation avec les interactions frugivores. Nos r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences dans les traits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la frugivorie selon les types floristiques, les for\u00eats atlantiques offrant de plus gros fruits, tandis que les for\u00eats du Nord pr\u00e9sentaient une plus grande abondance de petits fruits. Nous avons constat\u00e9 que les chimpanz\u00e9s et les calaos interagissent avec les fruits les plus abondants, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants consomment toujours les plus gros fruits offerts par la communaut\u00e9, tandis que les petits oiseaux consomment les plus petits fruits.Le chapitre 3 s'est concentr\u00e9 sur les connaissances \u00e9cologiques locales (LEK) en rapport avec les interactions de frugivorie. Nous avons utilis\u00e9 un ensemble commun d'arbres et d'esp\u00e8ces de frugivores, afin de comparer les informations provenant des LEK et les connaissances acad\u00e9miques. Les populations locales avaient une connaissance substantielle des relations entre arbres et frugivores, avec 39% de nouvelles interactions, modifiant \u00e9galement la structure du r\u00e9seau de frugivorie, en attribuant en moyenne de plus petits frugivores aux esp\u00e8ces d'arbres.Dans le chapitre 4, l\u2019utilisation de cam\u00e9ras pour enregistrer les interactions entre arbres et frugivores de la communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re des frugivores terrestres du Gabon, a permis d\u2019ajouter plus de 30% de nouvelles interactions. La plupart de ces interactions concernaient les petits frugivores comme les rongeurs, mais aussi les grands mammif\u00e8res comme les \u00e9l\u00e9phants et les gorilles. Ces r\u00e9sultats montrent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de poursuivre les recherches sur les interactions arbres-frugivores mais aussi d'int\u00e9grer d'autres sources compl\u00e9mentaires pour appr\u00e9cier la complexit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux mutualistes.Ce travail de th\u00e8se a permis de comprendre les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes qui r\u00e9gissent les interactions entre les arbres et les frugivores, notamment l'importance de la distribution spatiale des esp\u00e8ces et leurs traits biologiques. Nous avons \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence des biais concernant les donn\u00e9es, la plupart des \u00e9tudes portant sur des esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques et certaines zones, et concernant les diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes, les cam\u00e9ras se concentrant sur les frugivores terrestres et le LEK \u00e9tant born\u00e9 par les connaissances acad\u00e9miques. Ces r\u00e9sultats nous ont permis de formuler des recommandations pour contrer ces biais, dont la diversification des m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9chantillonnage des interactions, notamment en collaborant avec les populations locales dans diverses zones Afrotropicales.", "keywords": ["For\u00eats tropicales africaines", "African tropical forest", "Defaunation", "\u00c9cologie des communaut\u00e9s", "Frugivorie", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Frugivory", "Community ecology", "15. Life on land", "\u00c9cologie tropicale", "Tropical ecology", "D\u00e9faunation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Durand-Bessart, Clementine", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od______3711::54ca06bb7bccbc8f1d796db5eb07f4cc"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od______3711::54ca06bb7bccbc8f1d796db5eb07f4cc", "name": "item", "description": "50|od______3711::54ca06bb7bccbc8f1d796db5eb07f4cc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od______3711::54ca06bb7bccbc8f1d796db5eb07f4cc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:HAL:tel-03962339v1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:32:56Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Mutualistic tree-frugivore interactions in Afrotropical forests : from local ecological knowledge to the identification of network interaction patterns", "description": "unspecifiedDans les for\u00eats tropicales la frugivorie est un processus \u00e9cologique majeur, car la plupart des esp\u00e8ces d'arbres d\u00e9pendent des frugivores pour leur dispersion, et de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces animales utilisent les fruits comme principales sources de nourriture. Cependant, les r\u00e9seaux de frugivorie entre plantes et animaux dans les for\u00eats Afrotropicales sont peu d\u00e9crits, et les m\u00e9canismes qui les fa\u00e7onnent restent largement inexplor\u00e9s. Cette th\u00e8se de doctorat aborde une approche structurelle du r\u00e9seau de frugivorie, une approche plantes-communaut\u00e9s et une approche m\u00e9thodologique utilisant les connaissances \u00e9cologiques locales et les cam\u00e9ras.Le chapitre 1 d\u00e9crit le r\u00e9seau de frugivorie des for\u00eats Afrotropicales, bas\u00e9 sur une compilation des interactions de frugivorie issues de la litt\u00e9rature avec >10 000 interactions - 807 esp\u00e8ces d'arbres et 285 esp\u00e8ces animales. La structure du r\u00e9seau a \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9e avec un latent block model, une m\u00e9thode qui groupe des esp\u00e8ces pr\u00e9sentant des sch\u00e9mas d'interaction similaires et estime les probabilit\u00e9s d'interaction entre elles. Les grands frugivores \u00e9taient les principaux disperseurs de la plupart des arbres et les grands arbres \u00e9taient les principales sources de fruits de la plupart des frugivores. Nos r\u00e9sultats montrent aussi la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de ce r\u00e9seau de frugivorie et l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 fragile des for\u00eats Afrotropicales.Le chapitre 2 s'est concentr\u00e9 sur les variations des traits des communaut\u00e9s d'arbres dans les for\u00eats du Bassin du Congo en relation avec les interactions frugivores. Nos r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences dans les traits li\u00e9s \u00e0 la frugivorie selon les types floristiques, les for\u00eats atlantiques offrant de plus gros fruits, tandis que les for\u00eats du Nord pr\u00e9sentaient une plus grande abondance de petits fruits. Nous avons constat\u00e9 que les chimpanz\u00e9s et les calaos interagissent avec les fruits les plus abondants, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants consomment toujours les plus gros fruits offerts par la communaut\u00e9, tandis que les petits oiseaux consomment les plus petits fruits.Le chapitre 3 s'est concentr\u00e9 sur les connaissances \u00e9cologiques locales (LEK) en rapport avec les interactions de frugivorie. Nous avons utilis\u00e9 un ensemble commun d'arbres et d'esp\u00e8ces de frugivores, afin de comparer les informations provenant des LEK et les connaissances acad\u00e9miques. Les populations locales avaient une connaissance substantielle des relations entre arbres et frugivores, avec 39% de nouvelles interactions, modifiant \u00e9galement la structure du r\u00e9seau de frugivorie, en attribuant en moyenne de plus petits frugivores aux esp\u00e8ces d'arbres.Dans le chapitre 4, l\u2019utilisation de cam\u00e9ras pour enregistrer les interactions entre arbres et frugivores de la communaut\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re des frugivores terrestres du Gabon, a permis d\u2019ajouter plus de 30% de nouvelles interactions. La plupart de ces interactions concernaient les petits frugivores comme les rongeurs, mais aussi les grands mammif\u00e8res comme les \u00e9l\u00e9phants et les gorilles. Ces r\u00e9sultats montrent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de poursuivre les recherches sur les interactions arbres-frugivores mais aussi d'int\u00e9grer d'autres sources compl\u00e9mentaires pour appr\u00e9cier la complexit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux mutualistes.Ce travail de th\u00e8se a permis de comprendre les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes qui r\u00e9gissent les interactions entre les arbres et les frugivores, notamment l'importance de la distribution spatiale des esp\u00e8ces et leurs traits biologiques. Nous avons \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence des biais concernant les donn\u00e9es, la plupart des \u00e9tudes portant sur des esp\u00e8ces embl\u00e9matiques et certaines zones, et concernant les diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes, les cam\u00e9ras se concentrant sur les frugivores terrestres et le LEK \u00e9tant born\u00e9 par les connaissances acad\u00e9miques. Ces r\u00e9sultats nous ont permis de formuler des recommandations pour contrer ces biais, dont la diversification des m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9chantillonnage des interactions, notamment en collaborant avec les populations locales dans diverses zones Afrotropicales.", "keywords": ["For\u00eats tropicales africaines", "African tropical forest", "Defaunation", "Frugivorie", "\u00c9cologie des communaut\u00e9s", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Frugivory", "Community ecology", "15. Life on land", "\u00c9cologie tropicale", "Tropical ecology", "D\u00e9faunation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Durand-Bessart, Clementine", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:HAL:tel-03962339v1"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:HAL:tel-03962339v1", "name": "item", "description": "oai:HAL:tel-03962339v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:HAL:tel-03962339v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:HAL:hal-03631358v2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:32:55Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Soil carbon, the blind spot of European national greenhouse gas inventories", "description": "Soil carbon is currently being monitored in European national greenhouse-gas (GHG) inventories. Reviewing the data and methods, we find that unreported losses could be around 70 MtCO2 yr\u20131 in croplands, and unreported gains could be around 15 MtCO2 yr\u20131 in grasslands and 45 MtCO2 yr\u20131 in forests. The share of European Union (EU) forest area for which soil carbon is being accurately reported is at most 33%, and more likely close to 24%. Accuracy is even worse for grasslands and croplands. Widespread adoption of key carbon-farming practices (peatland restoration, agroforestry, substituting maize with grass) could remove an additional 150\u2013350 MtCO2 yr\u20131. Yet, if effective policies lead to realizing this potential, current GHG inventories would not capture their climate mitigation benefits.", "keywords": ["transparency", "monitoring", "national greenhouse gas inventories", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "soil carbon", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance", "[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bellassen, Valentin, Angers, Denis, Kowalczewski, Tomasz, Olesen, Asger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/oai:HAL:hal-03631358v2"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "oai:HAL:hal-03631358v2", "name": "item", "description": "oai:HAL:hal-03631358v2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/oai:HAL:hal-03631358v2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDE.ES%5D+Environmental+Sciences%2FEnvironment+and+Society&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDE.ES%5D+Environmental+Sciences%2FEnvironment+and+Society&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDE.ES%5D+Environmental+Sciences%2FEnvironment+and+Society&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDE.ES%5D+Environmental+Sciences%2FEnvironment+and+Society&offset=24", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 24, "numberReturned": 24, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-26T01:27:58.198277Z"}