Angrite meteorites are some of the oldest materials in the solar system. They provide important information on the earliest evolution of the solar system and accretion timescales of protoplanets. Here, we show that the 54Cr/52Cr ratio is homogeneously distributed among angrite meteorites within 13 parts per million, indicating that precursor materials must have experienced a global-scale melting such as a magma ocean. The 53Cr/52Cr and Mn/Cr ratios are correlated, which is evidence for an initial 53Mn/55Mn ratio of (3.16\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.11)\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa010\uffe2\uff88\uff926. When anchored to the U-corrected Pb\uffe2\uff80\uff93Pb age for the D\uffe2\uff80\uff99Orbigny angrite, this initial 53Mn/55Mn corresponds to an absolute age of 4563.2\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.3 Ma, i.e., 4.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.3 Ma after Ca\uffe2\uff80\uff93Al-rich inclusion-formation. This age is distinct from that of the volatile depletion events dated by the 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio and therefore must correspond to the age of crystallization of the magma ocean and crust formation of the angrite parent body (APB), which can also constrain a slightly bigger size of APB than that of Vesta. Furthermore, this age is similar to those obtained from internal isochrons of the oldest volcanic angrites that cooled rapidly at the surface of the parent body (with ages of 4564 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 4563 Ma), while older than those obtained from plutonic angrites (4561 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 4556 Ma) that cooled down slowly, located deeper within the parent body. This implies that cooling of the APB took at least \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8 Myr after its differentiation.
", "keywords": ["570", "[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "550", "meteoroids -nuclear reactions", "astrochemistry", "abundances", "nucleosynthesis", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "01 natural sciences", "520", "meteorites", "astrochemistry -meteorites", "meteorites", " meteors", " meteoroids", "nuclear reactions", " nucleosynthesis", " abundances", "13. Climate action", "meteors", "meteoroids", "nuclear reactions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Astrophysical%20Journal%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3847/2041-8213/ab2044", "name": "item", "description": "10.3847/2041-8213/ab2044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere is widely spread and used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy covariance sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes and climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections is introduced and the uncertainties associated with these corrections are assessed for eight different forest sites in Europe with a total of 12 yearly datasets. The uncertainties introduced on the two components GPP (Gross Primary Production) and TER (Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) are also discussed and a quantitative analysis presented. Through a factorial analysis we find that generally, uncertainties by different corrections are additive without interactions and that the heuristic u*-correction introduces the largest uncertainty. The results show that a standardized data processing is needed for an effective comparison across biomes and for underpinning inter-annual variability. The methodology presented in this paper has also been integrated in the European database of the eddy covariance measurements.
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