{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:13:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-19", "title": "Toward More Realistic Projections Of Soil Carbon Dynamics By Earth System Models", "description": "Abstract

Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and flux\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near\uffe2\uff80\uff90term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields.

", "keywords": ["550", "LAND MODELS", "Oceanography", "HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "Geoinformatics", "GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE", "DATA-ASSIMILATION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY", "CMIP5", "MICROBIAL MODELS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Earth system models", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS", "Climate Action", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "realistic projections", "13. Climate action", "recommendations", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon dynamics", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "PARAMETER-ESTIMATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pw7g2r2/qt1pw7g2r2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-12", "title": "Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks", "description": "Abstract

Streams and rivers act as landscape-scale bioreactors processing large quantities of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM). This function is linked to their flow regime, which governs residence times, shapes organic matter reactivity and controls the amount of carbon (C) exported to the atmosphere and coastal oceans. Climate change impacts flow regimes by increasing both flash floods and droughts. Here, we used a modelling approach to explore the consequences of lateral hydrological contraction, that is, the reduction of the wet portion of the streambed, for POM decomposition and transport at the river network scale. Our model integrates seasonal leaf litter input as generator of POM, transient storage of POM on wet and dry streambed portions with associated decomposition and ensuing changes in reactivity, and transport dynamics through a dendritic river network. Simulations showed that the amount of POM exported from the river network and its average reactivity increased with lateral hydrological contraction, due to the combination of (1) low processing of POM while stored on dry streambeds, and (2) large shunting during flashy events. The sensitivity analysis further supported that high lateral hydrological contraction leads to higher export of higher reactivity POM, regardless of transport coefficient values, average reactivity of fresh leaf litter and differences between POM reactivity under wet and dry conditions. Our study incorporates storage in dry streambed areas into the pulse-shunt concept (Raymond and others in Ecology 97(1):5\uffe2\uff80\uff9316, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1684.1), providing a mechanistic framework and testable predictions about leaf litter storage, transport and decomposition in fluvial networks.Quantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.The Arctic is warming and significant changes to the landscape, including increased vegetative cover (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cgreening\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), are expected in the near future. These landscape changes may alter nitrogen (N) availability in terrestrial, stream, and coastal ecosystems, where production is often N limited, but the exact changes in nutrient cycling are uncertain. Here, we analyzed the relationship between vegetation greenness (i.e., NDVI) and dissolved inorganic (DIN) and organic (DON) concentrations in streams draining 14 headwater catchments (mean 3.6\uffc2\uffa0km2, range 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0km2) across three samplings in the Zackenberg area, Northeast Greenland. We found large variation in DIN and DON concentrations across the sampled streams. We further show that this variation is correlated to water temperature and catchment NDVI, such that increased vegetation greenness and temperature correlated with lower DIN, and increased greenness also correlated with higher DON concentrations in streams. The results suggest that increased terrestrial vegetation due to rising air temperature could substantially alter dissolved N concentrations and form in streams, with potentially cascading impacts on coastal areas.The Arctic is warming and significant changes to the landscape, including increased vegetative cover (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cgreening\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), are expected in the near future. These landscape changes may alter nitrogen (N) availability in terrestrial, stream, and coastal ecosystems, where production is often N limited, but the exact changes in nutrient cycling are uncertain. Here, we analyzed the relationship between vegetation greenness (i.e., NDVI) and dissolved inorganic (DIN) and organic (DON) concentrations in streams draining 14 headwater catchments (mean 3.6\uffc2\uffa0km2, range 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9311\uffc2\uffa0km2) across three samplings in the Zackenberg area, Northeast Greenland. We found large variation in DIN and DON concentrations across the sampled streams. We further show that this variation is correlated to water temperature and catchment NDVI, such that increased vegetation greenness and temperature correlated with lower DIN, and increased greenness also correlated with higher DON concentrations in streams. The results suggest that increased terrestrial vegetation due to rising air temperature could substantially alter dissolved N concentrations and form in streams, with potentially cascading impacts on coastal areas.

Mammalian herbivores play a pivotal role in Earth System processes by affecting biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, potentially leading to significant repercussions on atmosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93biosphere feedbacks. Global dynamic models of mammalian populations can improve our understanding of their ecological role at large scales and the consequences of their extinctions. However, such models are still lacking and mammals are poorly integrated in Earth System Science.

We developed a mechanistic global model of terrestrial herbivore populations simulated with 37 functional groups defined through the analysis of eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90physiological traits across all extant herbivores (2599 species). We coupled this model with a global vegetation model to predict herbivores' maximum potential biomass in pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial and at present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day and to study the environmental drivers explaining the distribution of herbivore biomass. Present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day biomass was estimated by accounting for anthropogenic activity causing habitat and range losses.

We show that natural ecosystems could have sustained a potential wild herbivore wet biomass of 330 Mt (95% CI: 245\uffe2\uff80\uff93417), comprised of 193 Mt (95% CI: 177\uffe2\uff80\uff93208) by large species (body mass >1\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg, depending on functional group) and 138 Mt (95% CI: 68\uffe2\uff80\uff93209) by small species. We estimate that the remaining present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day large herbivores biomass is 82 Mt (95% CI: 32\uffe2\uff80\uff93133), reduced by 57% due to anthropogenic activity; consequently, small herbivores currently dominate global herbivore biomass with 98 Mt (95% CI: 91\uffe2\uff80\uff93106, \uffe2\uff88\uff9229%). Losses vary greatly across climatic zones and functional groups, suggesting that size is not the only discriminant feature of biomass decline.

Actual evapotranspiration is the most important driver of total, large and small herbivore biomass and explains 64%, 59% and 49% of its variation, respectively. Distribution of modelled and observed large herbivores' biomass suggested a high dependency on energy and water with more biomass in hot and wet areas. These results challenge the notion that large herbivore biomass peaks primarily in ecosystems with intermediate precipitation levels such as savannas.

Outside Africa and the Tropics, pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial biomass hotspots occur in areas today dominated by humans; this could undermine the recovery of larger species biomass in certain areas. Our herbivore biomass estimates provide a quantitative benchmark for setting conservation and rewilding goals at large spatial scales. The herbivore model and functional classification create new opportunities to integrate mammals into Earth System Science and models.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) affects the fate and storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, but its global importance remains uncertain. Accurately modeling and predicting CUE on a global scale is challenging due to inconsistencies in measurement techniques and the complex interactions of climatic, edaphic, and biological factors across scales. The link between microbial CUE and soil organic carbon relies on the stabilization of microbial necromass within soil aggregates or its association with minerals, necessitating an integration of microbial and stabilization processes in modeling approaches. In this perspective, we propose a comprehensive framework that integrates diverse data sources, ranging from genomic information to traditional soil carbon assessments, to refine carbon cycle models by incorporating variations in CUE, thereby enhancing our understanding of the microbial contribution to carbon cycling.Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mmol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.Fluorescence is an easily available analytical technique used to assess the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM).

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "570", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Dissolved Organic Matter", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Lakes", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Organic Chemicals", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "environment", "Environmental Sciences", "Humic Substances", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2022/AY/D1AY01702K"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ay01702k"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Analytical%20Methods", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/d1ay01702k", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/d1ay01702k", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/d1ay01702k"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-22", "title": "Coarse woody debris are buffering mortality-induced carbon losses to the atmosphere in tropical forests", "description": "International audience", "keywords": ["tropical forests", "0301 basic medicine", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "coarse woody debris", "Q", "15. Life on land", "mortality", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Environmental sciences", "carbon budget", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/abd58a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41586-023-06999-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-06", "title": "Model uncertainty obscures major driver of soil carbon", "description": "International audience", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "carbon use efficiency", "Uncertainty", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "microbes", "environment", "Global soil carbon", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06999-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7vw1d7sf/qt7vw1d7sf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06999-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41586-023-06999-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41586-023-06999-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41586-023-06999-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41597-023-02751-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-02", "title": "A global dataset on phosphorus in agricultural soils", "description": "Abstract

Numerous drivers such as farming practices, erosion, land-use change, and soil biogeochemical background, determine the global spatial distribution of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils. Here, we revised an approach published earlier (called here GPASOIL-v0), in which several global datasets describing these drivers were combined with a process model for soil P dynamics to reconstruct the past and current distribution of P in cropland and grassland soils. The objective of the present update, called GPASOIL-v1, is to incorporate recent advances in process understanding about soil inorganic P dynamics, in datasets to describe the different drivers, and in regional soil P measurements for benchmarking. We trace the impact of the update on the reconstructed soil P. After the update we estimate a global averaged inorganic labile P of 187 kgP ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for cropland and 91 kgP ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for grassland in 2018 for the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89m soil layer, but these values are sensitive to the mineralization rates chosen for the organic P pools. Uncertainty in the driver estimates lead to coefficients of variation of 0.22 and 0.54 for cropland and grassland, respectively. This work makes the methods for simulating the agricultural soil P maps more transparent and reproducible than previous estimates, and increases the confidence in the new estimates, while the evaluation against regional dataset still suggests rooms for further improvement.The river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin.

Mammalian herbivores play a pivotal role in Earth System processes by affecting biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, potentially leading to significant repercussions on atmosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93biosphere feedbacks. Global dynamic models of mammalian populations can improve our understanding of their ecological role at large scales and the consequences of their extinctions. However, such models are still lacking and mammals are poorly integrated in Earth System Science.

We developed a mechanistic global model of terrestrial herbivore populations simulated with 37 functional groups defined through the analysis of eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90physiological traits across all extant herbivores (2599 species). We coupled this model with a global vegetation model to predict herbivores' maximum potential biomass in pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial and at present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day and to study the environmental drivers explaining the distribution of herbivore biomass. Present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day biomass was estimated by accounting for anthropogenic activity causing habitat and range losses.

We show that natural ecosystems could have sustained a potential wild herbivore wet biomass of 330 Mt (95% CI: 245\uffe2\uff80\uff93417), comprised of 193 Mt (95% CI: 177\uffe2\uff80\uff93208) by large species (body mass >1\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg, depending on functional group) and 138 Mt (95% CI: 68\uffe2\uff80\uff93209) by small species. We estimate that the remaining present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day large herbivores biomass is 82 Mt (95% CI: 32\uffe2\uff80\uff93133), reduced by 57% due to anthropogenic activity; consequently, small herbivores currently dominate global herbivore biomass with 98 Mt (95% CI: 91\uffe2\uff80\uff93106, \uffe2\uff88\uff9229%). Losses vary greatly across climatic zones and functional groups, suggesting that size is not the only discriminant feature of biomass decline.

Actual evapotranspiration is the most important driver of total, large and small herbivore biomass and explains 64%, 59% and 49% of its variation, respectively. Distribution of modelled and observed large herbivores' biomass suggested a high dependency on energy and water with more biomass in hot and wet areas. These results challenge the notion that large herbivore biomass peaks primarily in ecosystems with intermediate precipitation levels such as savannas.

Outside Africa and the Tropics, pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90industrial biomass hotspots occur in areas today dominated by humans; this could undermine the recovery of larger species biomass in certain areas. Our herbivore biomass estimates provide a quantitative benchmark for setting conservation and rewilding goals at large spatial scales. The herbivore model and functional classification create new opportunities to integrate mammals into Earth System Science and models.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Soils store vast amounts of carbon (C) on land, and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in already managed soils such as croplands may be one way to remove C from the atmosphere, thereby limiting subsequent warming. The main objective of this study was to estimate the amount of additional C input needed to annually increase SOC stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments in Europe, including exogenous organic matter (EOM) additions. We used an ensemble of six SOC models and ran them under two configurations: (1) with default parametrization and (2) with parameters calibrated site\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90site to fit the evolution of SOC stocks in the control treatments (without EOM). We compared model simulations and analysed the factors generating variability across models. The calibrated ensemble was able to reproduce the SOC stock evolution in the unfertilised control treatments. We found that, on average, the experimental sites needed an additional 1.5 \uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 to increase SOC stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over 30\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, compared to the C input in the control treatments (multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median \uffc2\uffb1 median standard deviation across sites). That is, a 119% increase compared to the control. While mean annual temperature, initial SOC stocks and initial C input had a significant effect on the variability of the predicted C input in the default configuration (i.e., the relative standard deviation of the predicted C input from the mean), only water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables (i.e., mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) explained the divergence between models when calibrated. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks in agriculture and accentuates the need to increasingly lean on multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model ensembles when predicting SOC stock trends and related processes. To increase the reliability of SOC models under future climate change, we suggest model developers to better constrain the effect of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables on SOC decomposition.

Highlights

The feasibility of the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 target was studied at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments.

An ensemble of soil organic carbon models was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions.

On average across the sites, carbon input had to increase by 119% compared to initial conditions.

High uncertainty of the simulations was mainly driven by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables.

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on a simple ratio between CO2 anthropogenic emissions and SOC stocks worldwide, it has been suggested that a 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly increase in SOC stocks could compensate for current anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we used a reverse RothC modelling approach to estimate the amount of C inputs to soils required to sustain current SOC stocks and to increase them by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over a period of 30\uffc2\uffa0years. We assessed the feasibility of this aspirational target first by comparing the required C input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing to the soil, and second by considering the SOC saturation concept. Calculations were performed for mainland France, at a 1\uffc2\uffa0km grid cell resolution. Results showed that a 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% increase in C inputs to soil would be needed to obtain a 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 increase per year over a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. 88.4% of cropland areas were considered unsaturated in terms of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC, but characterized by a below target C balance, that is, less NPP available than required to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 aspirational target. Conversely, 90.4% of unimproved grasslands were characterized by an above target C balance, that is, enough NPP to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 objective, but 59.1% were also saturated. The situation of improved grasslands and forests was more evenly distributed among the four categories (saturated vs. unsaturated and above vs below target C balance). Future data from soil monitoring networks should enable to validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, for mainland France, priorities should be (1) to increase NPP returns in cropland soils that are unsaturated and have a below target carbon balance and (2) to preserve SOC stocks in other land uses.Understanding microbial adaptation is crucial for predicting how soil carbon dynamics and global biogeochemical cycles will respond to climate change. This study employs the DEMENT model of microbial decomposition, along with empirical mutation and dispersal rates, to explore the roles of mutation and dispersal in the adaptation of soil microbial populations to shifts in litter chemistry, changes that are anticipated with climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven vegetation dynamics. Following a change in litter chemistry, mutation generally allows for a higher rate of litter decomposition than dispersal, especially when dispersal predominantly introduces genotypes already present in the population. These findings challenge the common idea that mutation rates are too low to affect ecosystem processes on ecological timescales. These results demonstrate that evolutionary processes, such as mutation, can help maintain ecosystem functioning as the climate changes.Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from inland waters remain a major source of uncertainty in global greenhouse gas budgets. N2O emissions are typically estimated using emission factors (EFs), defined as the proportion of the terrestrial nitrogen (N) load to a water body that is emitted as N2O to the atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has proposed EFs of 0.25% and 0.75%, though studies have suggested that both these values are either too high or too low. In this work, we develop a mechanistic modeling approach to explicitly predict N2O production and emissions via nitrification and denitrification in rivers, reservoirs and estuaries. In particular, we introduce a water residence time dependence, which kinetically limits the extent of denitrification and nitrification in water bodies. We revise existing spatially explicit estimates of N loads to inland waters to predict both lumped watershed and half\uffe2\uff80\uff90degree grid cell emissions and EFs worldwide, as well as the proportions of these emissions that originate from denitrification and nitrification. We estimate global inland water N2O emissions of 10.6\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.8\uffc2\uffa0Gmol\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (148\uffe2\uff80\uff93277\uffc2\uffa0Gg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921), with reservoirs producing most N2O per unit area. Our results indicate that IPCC EFs are likely overestimated by up to an order of magnitude, and that achieving the magnitude of the IPCC's EFs is kinetically improbable in most river systems. Denitrification represents the major pathway of N2O production in river systems, whereas nitrification dominates production in reservoirs and estuaries.Peatlands at high latitudes have accumulated >400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg carbon (C) because saturated soil and cold temperatures suppress C decomposition. This substantial amount of C in Arctic and Boreal peatlands is potentially subject to increased decomposition if the water table (WT) decreases due to climate change, including permafrost thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90related drying. Here, we optimize a version of the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems model (ORCHIDEE\uffe2\uff80\uff90PCH4) using site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific observations to investigate changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as C stock responses to an experimentally manipulated decrease of WT at six northern peatlands. The unmanipulated control peatlands, with the WT <20\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm on average (seasonal max up to 45\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) below the surface, currently act as C sinks in most years (58\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8934\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921; including 6\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff897\uffe2\uff80\uff89g C\uffe2\uff80\uff93CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 emission). We found, however, that lowering the WT by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm reduced the CO2 sink by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and decreased CH4 emission by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff894\uffe2\uff80\uff89g CH4 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, thus accumulating less C over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922). Yet, the reduced emission of CH4, which has a larger greenhouse warming potential, resulted in a net decrease in greenhouse gas balance by 310\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89360\uffe2\uff80\uff89g\uffe2\uff80\uff89CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90eq\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Peatlands with the initial WT close to the soil surface were more vulnerable to C loss: Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost peatlands lost >2\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 over 100\uffe2\uff80\uff89years when WT is lowered by 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm, while permafrost peatlands temporally switched from C sinks to sources. These results highlight that reductions in C storage capacity in response to drying of northern peatlands are offset in part by reduced CH4 emissions, thus slightly reducing the positive carbon climate feedbacks of peatlands under a warmer and drier future climate scenario.Over 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89years ago, Eugene Odum postulated that mature or climax forests reside in carbon neutrality. As climate change rose to prominence in the international environmental agenda, the neutrality hypothesis transformed from an ecological principle to a justification for using forest management in combating climate change. Despite persistent efforts, Odum's neutrality hypothesis has resisted both confirmation and refutation. In this opinion we show the limitations of past efforts to (in)validate Odum's neutrality hypothesis and propose new research directions for the community to permit a more general confirmation or refutation with current and near\uffe2\uff80\uff90future observations. We then demonstrate such an approach by using metabolic theory to formulate testable predictions for the total sink strength considering soil, litter, and biomass of mature or climax forests based on observations of tree biomass and individual density. In doing so, we show that ecological theory can create additional relevant, testable hypotheses to provide timely support to decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers seeking to address one of the world's most pressing environmental challenges.Initiation of autumnal leaf senescence is crucial for plant overwintering and ecosystem dynamics. Previous studies have focused on the advanced stages of autumnal leaf senescence and reported that climatic warming delayed senescence, despite the fundamental differences among the stages of senescence. However, the timing of onset of leaf coloration (DLCO), the earliest visual sign of senescence, has rarely been studied. Here, we assessed the response of DLCO to temperature.

Location

30\uffe2\uff80\uff9375\uffc2\uffb0\uffc2\uffa0N in the Northern Hemisphere.

Time period

2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932018.

Major taxa studied

Deciduous vegetation.

Methods

We retrieved DLCO from high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temporal\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution satellite data, which were then validated by PhenoCam observations. We investigated the temporal changes in DLCO and the relationship between DLCO and temperature by using satellite and ground observations.

Results

DLCO was not significantly (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89>\uffe2\uff80\uff89.05) delayed between 2000 and 2018 in 94% of the area. DLCO was positively (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89<\uffe2\uff80\uff89.05) correlated with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCO mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin) in only 9% of the area, whereas the end of leaf coloration (DLCE) was positively correlated with pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCE mean Tmin over a larger area (34%). Further analyses showed that warming slowed the progress of leaf coloration. Interestingly, DLCO was less responsive to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90DLCO mean Tmin in areas where daylength was longer across the Northern Hemisphere, particularly for woody vegetation.

Main conclusions

The rate of progress of coloration is more sensitive to temperature than its start date, resulting in an extension of the duration of leaf senescence under warming. The dependence of DLCO response to temperature on daylength indicates stronger photoperiodic control on initiation of leaf senescence in areas with longer daylength (i.e., shorter nights), possibly because plants respond to the length of uninterrupted darkness rather than daylength. This study indicates that the onset of leaf coloration was not responsive to climate warming and provides observational evidence of photoperiod control of autumnal leaf senescence at biome and continental scales.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "570", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Economics", "autumnal leaf senescence", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "photoperiod", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "leaf coloration onset", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "environment", "Biology", "Northern Hemisphere", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/geb.13581", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/geb.13581", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/geb.13581"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17268", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-02", "title": "Microbial evolution\u2014An under\u2010appreciated driver of soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract

Although substantial advances in predicting the ecological impacts of global change have been made, predictions of the evolutionary impacts have lagged behind. In soil ecosystems, microbes act as the primary energetic drivers of carbon cycling; however, microbes are also capable of evolving on timescales comparable to rates of global change. Given the importance of soil ecosystems in global carbon cycling, we assess the potential impact of microbial evolution on carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks in this system. We begin by reviewing the current state of knowledge concerning microbial evolution in response to global change and its specific effect on soil carbon dynamics. Through this integration, we synthesize a roadmap detailing how to integrate microbial evolution into ecosystem biogeochemical models. Specifically, we highlight the importance of microscale mechanistic soil carbon models, including choosing an appropriate evolutionary model (e.g., adaptive dynamics, quantitative genetics), validating model predictions with \uffe2\uff80\uff98omics\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and experimental data, scaling microbial adaptations to ecosystem level processes, and validating with ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale measurements. The proposed steps will require significant investment of scientific resources and might require 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89years to be fully implemented. However, through the application of multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale integrated approaches, we will advance the integration of microbial evolution into predictive understanding of ecosystems, providing clarity on its role and impact within the broader context of environmental change.Global soil nitrogen (N) cycling remains poorly understood due to its complex driving mechanisms. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of global soil \uffce\uffb415N, a stable isotopic signature indicative of the N input\uffe2\uff80\uff93output balance, using a machine\uffe2\uff80\uff90learning approach on 10,676 observations from 2670 sites. Our findings reveal prevalent joint effects of climatic conditions, plant N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use strategies, soil properties, and other natural and anthropogenic forcings on global soil \uffce\uffb415N. The joint effects of multiple drivers govern the latitudinal distribution of soil \uffce\uffb415N, with more rapid N cycling at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. In contrast to previous climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90focused models, our data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven model more accurately simulates spatial changes in global soil \uffce\uffb415N, highlighting the need to consider the joint effects of multiple drivers to estimate the Earth's N budget. These insights contribute to the reconciliation of discordances among empirical, theoretical, and modeling studies on soil N cycling, as well as sustainable N management.Under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, soil carbon (C) inputs are typically enhanced, suggesting larger soil C sequestration potential. However, soil C losses also increase and progressive nitrogen (N) limitation to plant growth may reduce the CO2 effect on soil C inputs with time. We compiled a data set from 131 manipulation experiments, and used meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to test the hypotheses that: (1) elevated atmospheric CO2 stimulates soil C inputs more than C losses, resulting in increasing soil C stocks; and (2) that these responses are modulated by N. Our results confirm that elevated CO2 induces a C allocation shift towards below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass compartments. However, the increased soil C inputs were offset by increased heterotrophic respiration (Rh), such that soil C content was not affected by elevated CO2. Soil N concentration strongly interacted with CO2 fumigation: the effect of elevated CO2 on fine root biomass and \uffe2\uff80\uff93production and on microbial activity increased with increasing soil N concentration, while the effect on soil C content decreased with increasing soil N concentration. These results suggest that both plant growth and microbial activity responses to elevated CO2 are modulated by N availability, and that it is essential to account for soil N concentration in C cycling analyses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Physiology", "Plant Science", "Fine root production", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Microbial respiration", "microbial respiration", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "C sequestration", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Biology", "[CO] enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "biomass", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Atmosphere", "Root biomass", "Carbon Dioxide", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "N fertilization", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "nitrogen fertilizers", "roots (botany)", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/bams-d-17-0212.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-09", "title": "The Global N 2 O Model Intercomparison Project", "description": "Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and also an ozone-depleting substance that has both natural and anthropogenic sources. Large estimation uncertainty remains on the magnitude and spatiotemporal patterns of N2O fluxes and the key drivers of N2O production in the terrestrial biosphere. Some terrestrial biosphere models have been evolved to account for nitrogen processes and to show the capability to simulate N2O emissions from land ecosystems at the global scale, but large discrepancies exist among their estimates primarily because of inconsistent input datasets, simulation protocol, and model structure and parameterization schemes. Based on the consistent model input data and simulation protocol, the global N2O Model Intercomparison Project (NMIP) was initialized with 10 state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models that include nitrogen (N) cycling. Specific objectives of NMIP are to 1) unravel the major N cycling processes controlling N2O fluxes in each model and identify the uncertainty sources from model structure, input data, and parameters; 2) quantify the magnitude and spatial and temporal patterns of global and regional N2O fluxes from the preindustrial period (1860) to present and attribute the relative contributions of multiple environmental factors to N2O dynamics; and 3) provide a benchmarking estimate of N2O fluxes through synthesizing the multimodel simulation results and existing estimates from ground-based observations, inventories, and statistical and empirical extrapolations. This study provides detailed descriptions for the NMIP protocol, input data, model structure, and key parameters, along with preliminary simulation results. The global and regional N2O estimation derived from the NMIP is a key component of the global N2O budget synthesis activity jointly led by the Global Carbon Project and the International Nitrogen Initiative.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "15. Life on land", "environment", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/99/6/bams-d-17-0212.1.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0212.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-17-0212.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-17-0212.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-17-0212.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260163", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-10", "title": "Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference", "description": "

Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women\uffe2\uff80\uff99s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women\uffe2\uff80\uff99s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.

", "keywords": ["Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Science", "Sexism", "03 medical and health sciences", "5. Gender equality", "Humans", "10. No inequality", "Biology", "Women-inclusive ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Behavior", "0303 health sciences", "000", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Q", "R", "Ecolog\u00eda", "16. Peace & justice", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Leadership", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda animal", "Academic conferences", "Medicine", "504.75", "Female", "Perception", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0260163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0260163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4881510", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-13", "title": "Bedrock modulates the elevational patterns of soil microbial communities", "description": "Elevational gradients are often used to reveal how soil microorganisms will respond to climate change. However, inconsistent microbial distribution patterns across different elevational transects have raised doubts about their practical applicability. We hypothesized that variations in bedrock, which influence soil physical and chemical properties, would explain these inconsistencies. We therefore investigated soil microbial communities (bacterial and fungal) along two adjacent elevational transects with different bedrocks (granite vs. slate) in a subtropical forest. Our findings reveal that soil microbial communities are shaped by complex interactions between bedrock type and environmental factors along elevational gradients. Bacterial biomass was higher on slate, whereas fungal biomass was higher on granite. On granite, both bacterial and fungal biomass increased with elevation, whereas divergent patterns were observed on slate, likely due to the distinct soil properties or combinations of properties influencing microbial biomass on each bedrock. Bedrock and elevation strongly influenced microbial beta-diversity, with beta-diversity on granite driven primarily by soil total phosphorus and moisture, and on slate by soil organic carbon and pH. In contrast, alpha-diversity was impacted less by bedrock and elevation, but its relationship with environmental factors varied markedly between bedrock types. Overall, our results highlight the critical influence of bedrock in determining soil microbial community structure along elevational gradients and their potential responses to climate change.", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "570", "Slate", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Altitude", "Climate", "Science", "Granite", "Q", "Soil microbes", "551", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Soil", "Parent material", "Altitude Climate Granite Parent material Slate Soil microbes", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "microbes", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4881510"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4881510", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4881510", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4881510"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.31223/x5qd36", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-31", "title": "A review of coarse mineral dust in the Earth system", "description": "

Mineral dust particles suspended in the atmosphere span more than three orders of magnitude in diameter, from less than 0.1 \u00b5m to more than 100 \u00b5m. This wide size range makes dust a unique aerosol species with the ability to interact with many aspects of the Earth system, including radiation, clouds, hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, and biogeochemistry. This review focuses on coarse and super-coarse dust aerosols, which we respectively define as dust particles with a diameter between 2.5 - 10 \u00b5m and 10 - 62.5 \u00b5m. We review several lines of observational evidence indicating that coarse and super-coarse dust particles are transported farther than previously expected and that the abundance of these particles is substantially underestimated in current global models. We synthesize previous studies that used observations, theories, and model simulations to highlight the impacts of coarse and super-coarse dust aerosols on the Earth system, including their effects on dust-radiation interactions, dust-cloud interactions, and atmospheric chemistry, and biogeochemistry. In addition, we examine several limitations in the representation of coarse and super-coarse dust aerosols in current model simulations and in remote-sensing retrievals. Because these limitations substantially contribute to the uncertainties in simulating the abundance and impacts of coarse and super-coarse dust aerosols, we offer some recommendations to facilitate future studies. Overall, we conclude that an accurate representation of coarse and super-coarse properties is critical in understanding the overall impacts of dust aerosols on the Earth system.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Climate", "Size distribution", "Mineral dust", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Coarse dust", "Climate Action", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Earth system", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt9cp497d5/qt9cp497d5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.31223/x5qd36"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Aeolian%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.31223/x5qd36", "name": "item", "description": "10.31223/x5qd36", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.31223/x5qd36"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-01", "title": "Editorial: Watershed and Stream: The Inseparable Functional/Biogeochemical Unit", "description": "Este art\u00edculo contiene 2 p\u00e1ginas. CM-L received support from German Research Foundation (DFG: ME5498/3-1 and ME5498/2-1). NC received funding from the European Union\u0141s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.839709. AL was supported by the Government of Catalonia and the European Commission through the program Beatriu de Pin\u00f3s (BP-2018-00082). Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "scales", "reach The Inseparable Functional/Biogeochemical Unit", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "reach", "riparian zone", "03 medical and health sciences", "hyporheic zone", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "catchment", "environment", "stream processes", "TD1-1066", "biogeochemical cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.801389"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/frwa.2021.801389", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/frwa.2021.801389"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-16", "title": "New Insights from Soil Microorganisms for Sustainable Double Rice-Cropping System with 37-Year Manure Fertilization", "description": "

Long-term intensive use of mineral fertilizers in double rice-cropping systems has led to soil acidification and soil degradation. Manure fertilization was suggested as an alternative strategy to mitigate soil degradation. However, the effects of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on rice grain yield, yield stability, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil total nitrogen (TN) content, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on a long-term experiment established in 1981 in southern China, we compared four treatments: no fertilizer application (Control); application of nitrogen\u2013phosphorus\u2013potassium (NPK); NPK plus green manure in early rice (M1); and M1 plus farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw return in winter (M2). Our results showed that 37 years of NPK, M1, and M2 significantly increased rice grain yield by 54%, 46%, and 72%, and yield stability by 22%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. M1 and M2 significantly increased SOC content by 39% and 23% compared to Control, respectively, whereas there was no difference between Control and NPK. Regarding soil TN content, it was significantly increased by 8%, 46%, and 20% by NPK, M1, and M2, respectively. In addition, M2 significantly increased bacterial OTU richness by 68%, Chao1 index by 79%, and altered the bacterial community composition. Changes in soil nutrient availability and bacterial Simpson index were positively correlated with the changes in grain yield, while shifts in bacterial community were closely related to yield stability. This study provides pioneer comprehensive assessments of the simultaneous responses of grain yield, yield stability, SOC and TN content, nutrient availability, and bacterial community composition to long-term mineral and manure fertilization in a double rice-cropping system. Altogether, this study spanning nearly four decades provides new perspectives for developing sustainable yet intensive rice cultivation to meet growing global demands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "soil nutrient", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "double rice-cropping systems", "bacterial community", "630", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "reddish paddy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic amendment; double rice-cropping systems; bacterial community; reddish paddy soil; soil nutrient; sustainable agriculture", "organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/261/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10067/1865430151162165141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:23:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-10", "title": "Towards women-inclusive ecology: Representation, behavior, and perception of women at an international conference", "description": "

Conferences are ideal platforms for studying gender gaps in science because they are important cultural events that reflect barriers to women in academia. Here, we explored women\u2019s participation in ecology conferences by analyzing female representation, behavior, and personal experience at the 1st Meeting of the Iberian Society of Ecology (SIBECOL). The conference had 722 attendees, 576 contributions, and 27 scientific sessions. The gender of attendees and presenters was balanced (48/52% women/men), yet only 29% of the contributions had a woman as last author. Moreover, men presented most of the keynote talks (67%) and convened most of the sessions. Our results also showed that only 32% of the questions were asked by women, yet the number of questions raised by women increased when the speaker or the convener was a woman. Finally, the post-conference survey revealed that attendees had a good experience and did not perceive the event as a threatening context for women. Yet, differences in the responses between genders suggest that women tended to have a worse experience than their male counterparts. Although our results showed clear gender biases, most of the participants of the conference failed to detect it. Overall, we highlight the challenge of increasing women\u2019s scientific leadership, visibility and interaction in scientific conferences and we suggest several recommendations for creating inclusive meetings, thereby promoting equal opportunities for all participants.

", "keywords": ["Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Science", "Sexism", "03 medical and health sciences", "5. Gender equality", "Humans", "10. No inequality", "Biology", "Women-inclusive ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Behavior", "0303 health sciences", "000", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Q", "R", "Ecolog\u00eda", "16. Peace & justice", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Leadership", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda animal", "Academic conferences", "Medicine", "504.75", "Female", "Perception", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10067/1865430151162165141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10067/1865430151162165141", "name": "item", "description": "10067/1865430151162165141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10067/1865430151162165141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w12061722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-18", "title": "Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter Sources on In-Stream Net Dissolved Organic Carbon Uptake in a Mediterranean Stream", "description": "

Studies exploring how different sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) influence in-stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake at the ecosystem scale are scarce in the literature. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the relationship between DOM sources and in-stream net DOC uptake (UDOC) in a sub-humid Mediterranean stream. We considered four reach-scale scenarios occurring under natural conditions that differed in predominant DOM sources (groundwater, leaf litter, and/or upstream water). Results showed that groundwater inputs favored in-stream net DOC uptake, while leaf litter inputs promoted in-stream net DOC release. However, there was no clear effect of DOM source mixing on the magnitude of UDOC. Further, the variability in UDOC within and among scenarios was mostly explained by stream DOC concentration, suggesting that DOC availability limits microbial activity in this stream. DOM composition became a controlling factor of UDOC variability only during the leaf litter period, when stream DOC concentration was the highest. Together, these results suggest that the capacity of headwater forested streams to process DOC is closely tied to the availability of different DOM sources and how they vary over time and along the river network.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "leaf litter", "carbon availability", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "577", "Leaf litter", "910", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Dissolved organic matter composition", "groundwater inputs", "13. Climate action", "Groundwater inputs", "dissolved organic matter composition", "In-stream net uptake", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Dissolved organic carbon", "environment", "in-stream net uptake", "Carbon availability", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1722/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1722/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061722"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w12061722", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w12061722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w12061722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-18", "title": "Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust", "description": "

Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, the relative contributions of the world\u2019s major dust source regions to the global dust cycle remain poorly constrained. This problem hinders accounting for the potentially large impact of regional differences in dust properties on clouds, the Earth's energy balance, and terrestrial and marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we constrain the contribution of each of the world\u2019s main dust source regions to the global dust cycle. We use an analytical framework that integrates an ensemble of global model simulations with observationally informed constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We obtain a data set that constrains the relative contribution of each of nine major source regions to size-resolved dust emission, atmospheric loading, optical depth, concentration, and deposition flux. We find that the 22\u201329\u2009Tg (one standard error range) global loading of dust with geometric diameter up to 20\u2009\u03bcm is partitioned as follows: North African source regions contribute ~50\u2009% (11\u201315\u2009Tg), Asian source regions contribute ~40\u2009% (8\u201313\u2009Tg), and North American and Southern Hemisphere regions contribute ~10\u2009% (1.8\u20133.2\u2009Tg). Current models might on average be overestimating the contribution of North African sources to atmospheric dust loading at ~65\u2009%, while underestimating the contribution of Asian dust at ~30\u2009%. However, both our results and current models could be affected by unquantified biases, such as due to errors in separating dust aerosol optical depth from that produced by other aerosol species in remote sensing retrievals in poorly observed desert regions. Our results further show that each source region's dust loading peaks in local spring and summer, which is partially driven by increased dust lifetime in those seasons. We also quantify the dust deposition flux to the Amazon rainforest to be ~10\u2009Tg/year, which is a factor of 2\u20133 less than inferred from satellite data by previous work that likely overestimated dust deposition by underestimating the dust mass extinction efficiency. The data obtained in this paper can be used to obtain improved constraints on dust impacts on clouds, climate, biogeochemical cycles, and other parts of the Earth system.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "QC1-999", "Global dust cycle", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Atmospheric models", "Earth's atmosphere", "Simulaci\u00f3 per ordinador", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Dust; Aerosols; Climate Models; Earth System Models;", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Life Below Water", "QD1-999", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Atmosphere", "Climate change science", "ddc:550", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "Aerosol model simulations", "15. Life on land", "Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Climate Action", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Air quality", "Earth Sciences", "Aerosols--Measurement", "Desert dust", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Astronomical and Space Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/321610/1/Kok_2021_ACP_Dust-global.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8169/2021/acp-21-8169-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8169/2021/acp-21-8169-2021-supplement.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt31s4c3tr/qt31s4c3tr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4f95b02f/qt4f95b02f.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Goldschmidt2021%20abstracts", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-2021-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-2021-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-27", "title": "Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance", "description": "

Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric models struggle to accurately represent its spatial and temporal distribution. These model errors are partially caused by fundamental difficulties in simulating dust emission in coarse-resolution models and in accurately representing dust microphysical properties. Here we mitigate these problems by developing a new methodology that yields an improved representation of the global dust cycle. We present an analytical framework that uses inverse modeling to integrate an ensemble of global model simulations with observational constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We then compare the inverse model results against independent measurements of dust surface concentration and deposition flux and find that errors are reduced by approximately a factor of 2\u00a0relative to current model simulations of the Northern Hemisphere dust cycle. The inverse model results show smaller improvements in the less dusty Southern Hemisphere, most likely because both the model simulations and the observational constraints used in the inverse model are less accurate. On a global basis, we find that the emission flux of dust with a geometric diameter up to 20\u2009\u00b5m (PM20) is approximately 5000\u2009Tg\u2009yr\u22121, which is greater than most models account for. This larger PM20 dust flux is needed to match observational constraints showing a large atmospheric loading of coarse dust. We obtain gridded datasets of dust emission, vertically integrated loading, dust aerosol optical depth, (surface) concentration, and wet and dry deposition fluxes that are resolved by season and particle size. As our results indicate that this dataset is more accurate than current model simulations and the MERRA-2 dust reanalysis product, it can be used to improve quantifications of dust impacts on the Earth system.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "QC1-999", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida", "Dust emissions", "01 natural sciences", "Earth system -- environmental sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Dust; Aerosol; Climate Models; Earth System Models;", "Atmospheric models", "Simulaci\u00f3 per ordinador", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "Atmospheric model simulations", "QD1-999", "Earth system", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Atmosphere", "Climate change science", "ddc:550", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "Dust", "Computer simulation", "15. Life on land", "Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals", "520", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Climate Action", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "Model simulation", "13. Climate action", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Earth Sciences", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica", "Aerosols--Measurement", "Desert dust", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Astronomical and Space Sciences", ":Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/321612/2/10281-321612_VoR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8127/2021/acp-21-8127-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8127/2021/acp-21-8127-2021-supplement.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5g7457v8/qt5g7457v8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-21", "title": "No-tillage lessens soil CO2 emissions the most under arid and sandy soil conditions: results from a meta-analysis", "description": "

Abstract. The management of agroecosystems plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle with soil tillage leading to known organic carbon redistributions within soils and changes in soil CO2 emissions. Yet, discrepancies exist on the impact of tillage on soil CO2 emissions and on the main soil and environmental controls. A meta-analysis was conducted using 46 peer-reviewed publications totaling 174 paired observations comparing CO2 emissions over entire seasons or years from tilled and untilled soils across different climates, crop types and soil conditions with the objective of quantifying tillage impact on CO2 emissions and assessing the main controls. On average, tilled soils emitted 21\uffe2\uff80\uffaf% more CO2 than untilled soils, which corresponded to a significant difference at P<0.05. The difference increased to 29\uffe2\uff80\uffaf% in sandy soils from arid climates with low soil organic carbon content (SOCC\uffe2\uff80\uffaf<\uffe2\uff80\uffaf1\uffe2\uff80\uffaf%) and low soil moisture, but tillage had no impact on CO2 fluxes in clayey soils with high background SOCC (>\uffe2\uff80\uffaf3\uffe2\uff80\uffaf%). Finally, nitrogen fertilization and crop residue management had little effect on the CO2 responses of soils to no-tillage. These results suggest no-tillage is an effective mitigation measure of carbon dioxide losses from dry land soils. They emphasize the importance of including information on soil factors such as texture, aggregate stability and organic carbon content in global models of the carbon cycle.

", "keywords": ["550", "Soil Science", "CO2 emissions", "630", "soil", "information", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Life", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-28", "title": "Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big diverse soil data, moving current practices towards future potential", "description": "

Abstract. In the age of big data, soil data are more available and richer than ever, but \u2013 outside of a few large soil survey resources \u2013 they remain largely unusable for informing soil management and understanding Earth system processes beyond the original study. Data science has promised a fully reusable research pipeline where data from past studies are used to contextualize new findings and reanalyzed for new insight. Yet synthesis projects encounter challenges at all steps of the data reuse pipeline, including unavailable data, labor-intensive transcription of datasets, incomplete metadata, and a lack of communication between collaborators. Here, using insights from a diversity of soil, data, and climate scientists, we summarize current practices in soil data synthesis across all stages of database creation: availability, input, harmonization, curation, and publication. We then suggest new soil-focused semantic tools to improve existing data pipelines, such as ontologies, vocabulary lists, and community practices. Our goal is to provide the soil data community with an overview of current practices in soil data and where we need to go to fully leverage big data to solve soil problems in the next century.

", "keywords": ["FOS: Computer and information sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Data Sharing", "Information Systems and Management", "literature review", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "Social Sciences", "data set", "01 natural sciences", "Decision Sciences", "Data science", "Life", "QH501-531", "910 Geography & travel", "soil analysis", "database", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "000", "Ecology", "communication", "Physics", "Earth", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "World Wide Web", "10122 Institute of Geography", "soil survey", "Physical Sciences", "Data Reuse", "environment", "Information Systems", "Evolution", "future prospect", "Data management", "Data Sharing and Stewardship in Science", "Database", "Big data", "03 medical and health sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Data mining", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Management and Reproducibility of Scientific Workflows", "Metadata", "Data curation", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Acoustics", "15. Life on land", "Computer science", "1105 Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Surface Processes", "Harmonization", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Computer Science", "Environmental Science", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil management", "Research Data", "Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "

Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere is widely spread and used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy covariance sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes and climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections is introduced and the uncertainties associated with these corrections are assessed for eight different forest sites in Europe with a total of 12 yearly datasets. The uncertainties introduced on the two components GPP (Gross Primary Production) and TER (Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) are also discussed and a quantitative analysis presented. Through a factorial analysis we find that generally, uncertainties by different corrections are additive without interactions and that the heuristic u*-correction introduces the largest uncertainty. The results show that a standardized data processing is needed for an effective comparison across biomes and for underpinning inter-annual variability. The methodology presented in this paper has also been integrated in the European database of the eddy covariance measurements.

", "keywords": ["european database of the eddy covariance measurements", "550", "net ecosystem exchange", "Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Life", "QH501-531", "[SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", " Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "QH540-549.5", "eddy covariance technique", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "algorithm", "[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "terrestrial ecosystem respiration", "gross primary production", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "co2", "measurement", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-12-61-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-06", "title": "An open-source database for the synthesis of soil radiocarbon data: International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) version 1.0", "description": "

Abstract. Radiocarbon is a critical constraint on our estimates of the timescales of soil carbon cycling that can aid in identifying mechanisms of carbon stabilization and destabilization and improve the forecast of soil carbon response to management or environmental change. Despite the wealth of soil radiocarbon data that have been reported over the past 75\u00a0years, the ability to apply these data to global-scale questions is limited by our capacity to synthesize and compare measurements generated using a variety of methods. Here, we present the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD; http://soilradiocarbon.org, last access: 16\u00a0December\u00a02019), an open-source archive of soil data that include reported measurements from bulk soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil profile. The core of ISRaD is a relational database structured around individual datasets (entries) and organized hierarchically to report soil radiocarbon data, measured at different physical and temporal scales as well as other soil or environmental properties that may also be measured and may assist with interpretation and context. Anyone may contribute their own data to the database by entering it into the ISRaD template and subjecting it to quality assurance protocols. ISRaD can be accessed through (1)\u00a0a web-based interface, (2)\u00a0an R package (ISRaD), or (3)\u00a0direct access to code and data through the GitHub repository, which hosts both code and data. The design of ISRaD allows for participants to become directly involved in the management, design, and application of ISRaD data. The synthesized dataset is available in two forms: the original data as reported by the authors of the datasets and an enhanced dataset that includes ancillary geospatial data calculated within the ISRaD framework. ISRaD also provides data management tools in the ISRaD-R package that provide a starting point for data analysis; as an open-source project, the broader soil community is invited and encouraged to add data, tools, and ideas for improvement. As a whole, ISRaD provides resources to aid our evaluation of soil dynamics across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The ISRaD v1.0 dataset is archived and freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2613911 (Lawrence et al., 2019).

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Panoply", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "004", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/61/2020/essd-12-61-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-12-61-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-12-61-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-12-61-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1414", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-20", "title": "Modeling dust mineralogical composition: sensitivity to soil mineralogy atlases and their expected climate impacts", "description": "

Abstract. Soil dust aerosols are a key component of the climate system, as they interact with short- and long-wave radiation, alter cloud formation processes, affect atmospheric chemistry and play a role in biogeochemical cycles by providing nutrient inputs such as iron and phosphorus. The influence of dust on these processes depends on its physico-chemical properties, which far from being homogeneous, are shaped by its regionally varying mineral composition. The relative amount of minerals in dust depends on the source region and shows a large geographical variability. However, many state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs), upon which climate analyses and projections rely, still consider dust mineralogy as invariant. The explicit representation of minerals in ESMs is more hindered by our limited knowledge of the global soil composition along with the resulting size-resolved airborne mineralogy than by computational constraints. In this work, we introduce an explicit mineralogy representation within the state-of-the-art atmosphere-chemistry model MONARCH. We review and compare two existing soil mineralogy datasets, which remain a source of uncertainty for dust mineralogy modelling, and provide an evaluation of multi-annual simulations against available mineralogy observations. Soil mineralogy datasets are based on measurements performed after wet sieving, which breaks the aggregates found in the parent soil. Our model predicts the emitted particle size distribution (PSD) in terms of its constituent minerals based on Brittle Fragmentation Theory (BFT), which reconstructs the emitted mineral aggregates destroyed by wet sieving. Our simulations broadly reproduce the most abundant mineral fractions, independently of the soil composition data used. Feldspars and calcite are highly sensitive to the soil mineralogy map, mainly due to the different assumptions made in each soil dataset to extrapolate a handful of soil measurements to arid and semiarid regions worldwide. For the least abundant or more difficult to determine minerals, such as the iron oxides, uncertainties in soil mineralogy yield differences in annual mean aerosol mass fractions of up to \u223c100 %. Although BFT restores coarse aggregates including phyllosilicates that usually break during soil analysis, we still identify an overestimation of coarse quartz mass fractions (above 2 \u00b5m in diameter). In a dedicated experiment, we estimate the fraction of dust with undetermined composition as given by a soil map, which makes a \u223c10 % of the emitted dust mass at the global scale, and can be regionally larger. Changes in the underlying soil mineralogy impact our estimates of climate-relevant variables, particularly affecting the regional variability of the single scattering albedo at solar wavelengths, or the total iron deposited over oceans. All in all, this assessment represents a baseline for future model experiments including new mineralogical maps constrained by high quality spaceborne hyperspectral measurements, such as those arising from the NASA EMIT mission.

", "keywords": ["Mineral dusts", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Climatologia -- Models matem\u00e0tics", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "15. Life on land", "Atmospheric aerosols", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Climatology -- Mathematical models", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Enginyeria ambiental", "Earth sciences", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Pols minerals", "environment", "QD1-999"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/8623/2023/acp-23-8623-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1414"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Chemistry%20and%20Physics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1414", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-2022-1414", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1414"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-27", "title": "GOLUM-CNP v1.0: a data-driven modeling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in major terrestrial biomes", "description": "

Abstract. Global terrestrial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles are coupled to the global carbon (C) cycle for net primary production (NPP), plant C allocation, and decomposition of soil organic matter, but N and P have distinct pathways of inputs and losses. Current C-nutrient models exhibit large uncertainties in their estimates of pool sizes, fluxes, and turnover rates of nutrients, due to a lack of consistent global data for evaluating the models. In this study, we present a new model\u2013data fusion framework called the Global Observation-based Land-ecosystems Utilization Model of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (GOLUM-CNP) that combines the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) data-constrained C-cycle analysis with spatially explicit data-driven estimates of N and P inputs and losses and with observed stoichiometric ratios. We calculated the steady-state N- and P-pool sizes and fluxes globally for large biomes. Our study showed that new N inputs from biological fixation and deposition supplied >20\u2009% of total plant uptake in most forest ecosystems but accounted for smaller fractions in boreal forests and grasslands. New P inputs from atmospheric deposition and rock weathering supplied a much smaller fraction of total plant uptake than new N inputs, indicating the importance of internal P recycling within ecosystems to support plant growth. Nutrient-use efficiency, defined as the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to plant nutrient uptake, were diagnosed from our model results and compared between biomes. Tropical forests had the lowest N-use efficiency and the highest P-use efficiency of the forest biomes. An analysis of sensitivity and uncertainty indicated that the NPP-allocation fractions to leaves, roots, and wood contributed the most to the uncertainties in the estimates of nutrient-use efficiencies. Correcting for biases in NPP-allocation fractions produced more plausible gradients of N- and P-use efficiencies from tropical to boreal ecosystems and highlighted the critical role of accurate measurements of C allocation for understanding the N and P cycles.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Deposition (geology)", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Biome", "Taiga", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Primary production", "Nutrient Cycling", "Life Sciences", "Phosphorus", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "Nitrogen Cycle", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "environment", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "New production", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Paleontology", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Phytoplankton", "Sediment", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/3903/2018/gmd-11-3903-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-11-3903-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-15", "title": "ORCHIDEE-SOM: modeling soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics along vertical soil profiles in Europe", "description": "

Abstract. Current land surface models (LSMs) typically represent soils in a\uffc2\uffa0very simplistic way, assuming soil organic carbon (SOC) as a\uffc2\uffa0bulk, and thus impeding a\uffc2\uffa0correct representation of deep soil carbon dynamics. Moreover, LSMs generally neglect the production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to rivers, leading to overestimations of the potential carbon sequestration on land. This common oversimplified processing of SOC in LSMs is partly responsible for the large uncertainty in the predictions of the soil carbon response to climate change. In this study, we present a\uffc2\uffa0new soil carbon module called ORCHIDEE-SOM, embedded within the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which is able to reproduce the DOC and SOC dynamics in a\uffc2\uffa0vertically discretized soil to 2\uffe2\uff80\uffafm. The model includes processes of biological production and consumption of SOC and DOC, DOC adsorption on and desorption from soil minerals, diffusion of SOC and DOC, and DOC transport with water through and out of the soils to rivers. We evaluated ORCHIDEE-SOM against observations of DOC concentrations and SOC stocks from four European sites with different vegetation covers: a\uffc2\uffa0coniferous forest, a\uffc2\uffa0deciduous forest, a\uffc2\uffa0grassland, and a\uffc2\uffa0cropland. The model was able to reproduce the SOC stocks along their vertical profiles at the four sites and the DOC concentrations within the range of measurements, with the exception of the DOC concentrations in the upper soil horizon at the coniferous forest. However, the model was not able to fully capture the temporal dynamics of DOC concentrations. Further model improvements should focus on a\uffc2\uffa0plant- and depth-dependent parameterization of the new input model parameters, such as the turnover times of DOC and the microbial carbon use efficiency. We suggest that this new soil module, when parameterized for global simulations, will improve the representation of the global carbon cycle in LSMs, thus helping to constrain the predictions of the future SOC response to global warming.

", "keywords": ["550", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft; name=Sustainability Science", "Climate", "/dk/atira/pure/discipline/B000/B006/B410-bodembeheer", "01 natural sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/thematic/inbo_th_00043", "/dk/atira/pure/thematic/inbo_th_00022", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2600/2611; name=Modelling and Simulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Woods and parks", "QE1-996.5", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Physics", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_on_land; name=SDG 15 - Life on Land", "Geology", "Geokemi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Sciences de la terre et du cosmos", "Geochemistry", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900; name=Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "B410-soil-science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/937/2018/gmd-11-937-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/282703/1/doi_266330.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:21:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-02", "title": "Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments", "description": "

Abstract. Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover\u00a0(LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes\u00a0(PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.

", "keywords": ["[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "Arqueologia", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "S\u00f2l", " \u00das del", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/210927/1/210927.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/33591/1/gmd-13-805-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/805/2020/gmd-13-805-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-13-805-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences+of+the+Universe+%5Bphysics%5D%2FOcean&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences+of+the+Universe+%5Bphysics%5D%2FOcean&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences+of+the+Universe+%5Bphysics%5D%2FOcean&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences+of+the+Universe+%5Bphysics%5D%2FOcean&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 95, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-24T22:55:27.964961Z"}