{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-20", "title": "Tundra greenness", "description": "Physical and Space Geodesy", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "[SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/101/8/bamsD200086.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2015wr018233", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-20", "title": "Modeling soil evaporation efficiency in a range of soil and atmospheric conditions using a meta\u2010analysis approach", "description": "Abstract<p>A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach is developed to represent the soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. The new model is tested across a bare soil database composed of more than 30 sites around the world, a clay fraction range of 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.56, a sand fraction range of 0.05\uffe2\uff80\uff930.92, and about 30,000 acquisition times. SEE is modeled using a soil resistance (rss) formulation based on surface soil moisture (\uffce\uffb8) and two resistance parameters   and \uffce\uffb8efolding. The data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach aims to express both parameters as a function of observable data including meteorological forcing, cut\uffe2\uff80\uff90off soil moisture value   at which SEE=0.5, and first derivative of SEE at  , named  . An analytical relationship between   and   is first built by running a soil energy balance model for two extreme conditions with rss\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890 and   using meteorological forcing solely, and by approaching the middle point from the two (wet and dry) reference points. Two different methods are then investigated to estimate the pair   either from the time series of SEE and \uffce\uffb8 observations for a given site, or using the soil texture information for all sites. The first method is based on an algorithm specifically designed to accomodate for strongly nonlinear   relationships and potentially large random deviations of observed SEE from the mean observed  . The second method parameterizes   as a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear regression of clay and sand percentages, and sets   to a constant mean value for all sites. The new model significantly outperformed the evaporation modules of ISBA (Interaction Sol\uffe2\uff80\uff90Biosph\uffc3\uffa8re\uffe2\uff80\uff90Atmosph\uffc3\uffa8re), H\uffe2\uff80\uff90TESSEL (Hydrology\uffe2\uff80\uff90Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchange over Land), and CLM (Community Land Model). It has potential for integration in various land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface schemes, and real calibration capabilities using combined thermal and microwave remote sensing data.</p", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "modeling", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "evaporation", "soil", "moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "texture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015WR018233"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018233"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2015wr018233", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2015wr018233", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2015wr018233"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-19", "title": "A phenomenological model of soil evaporative efficiency using surface soil moisture and temperature data", "description": "Abstract   Modeling soil evaporation has been a notorious challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon and the lack of data to constrain it. In this context, a parsimonious model is developed to estimate soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. It uses a soil resistance driven by surface (0\u20135\u202fcm) soil moisture, meteorological forcing and time (hour) of day, and has the capability to be calibrated using the radiometric surface temperature derived from remotely sensed thermal data. The new approach is tested over a rainfed semi-arid site, which had been under bare soil conditions during a 9-month period in 2016. Three calibration strategies are adopted based on SEE time series derived from (1) eddy-covariance measurements, (2) thermal measurements, and (3) eddy-covariance measurements used only over separate drying periods between significant rainfall events. The correlation coefficients (and slopes of the linear regression) between simulated and observed (eddy-covariance-derived) SEE are 0.85, 0.86 and 0.87 (and 0.91, 0.87 and 0.91) for calibration strategies 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the correlation coefficient (and slope of the linear regression) between simulated and observed SEE is improved from 0.80 to 0.85 (from 0.86 to 0.91) when including hour of day in the soil resistance. The reason is that, under non-energy-limited conditions, the receding evaporation front during daytime makes SEE decrease at the hourly time scale. The soil resistance formulation can be integrated into state-of-the-art dual-source surface models and has calibration capabilities across a range of spatial scales from spaceborne microwave and thermal data.", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil resistance", "02 engineering and technology", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "calibration", "surface temperature", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Surface temperature", "remote sensing", "Calibration", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "soil resistance", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "Soil evaporation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-29", "title": "Partitioning evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated wheat crop: Inter-comparing eddy covariance-, sap flow-, lysimeter- and FAO-based methods", "description": "Abstract   A precise estimate of the evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning is fundamental for determining the crop water needs and optimizing irrigation management. The plant transpiration (T) is generally considered to be the most desirable component, while reducing the soil evaporation (E) could be one of the most important water-saving actions in semi-arid agricultural regions. Given the lack of reference method to estimate the E/T partitioning of wheat crop, this study inter-compares four different methods based on eddy covariance, sap flow and lysimetry measurements and FAO modeling. The objectives are: i) to quantify the systematic and random uncertainty in E and T observations, ii) to evaluate the partitioning ratio (T/ET) at the daily/field scale and iii) to assess the performance of the FAO model over two drip irrigated wheat fields. Results indicate that despite the small surface sensed by mini-lysimeters, the partitioning ratio is evaluated more precisely (19% relative error) with lysimetry than with the other systems (any combination of eddy covariance, lysimetry and sap flow measurements). Moreover, stem-scale T measurements from sap flow sensors are subject to representativeness issues at the field scale, and to systematic errors during water-stress and senescence periods. The lysimeter-derived partitioning ratio increases from about 0.50 to 0.85 during the growth stage and rapidly drops towards 0 during senescence. Its dynamics is found to be significantly correlated (R>0.7) with the 5-cm soil moisture. By comparing FAO simulations with observations, it is found that the FAO method overestimates T and underestimates E, while keeping satisfying ET estimates for drip irrigated wheat. This study suggests that different independent measurement techniques should be implemented to both quantify and reduce uncertainties in the T/ET ratio, and that accurate observations are still needed to improve the modeling of E/T components.", "keywords": ["FAO-56", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Lysimeter", "Eddy correlation", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Sap flow", "Wheat", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Evaporation-transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-23", "title": "Improving the design and implementation of sediment fingerprinting studies: summary and outcomes of the TRACING 2021 Scientific School", "description": "Identifying best practices for sediment fingerprinting or tracing is important to allow the quantification of sediment contributions from catchment sources. Although sediment fingerprinting has been applied with reasonable success, the deployment of this method remains associated with many issues and limitations.Seminars and debates were organised during a 4-day Thematic School in October 2021 to come up with concrete suggestions to improve the design and implementation of tracing methods.First, we suggest a better use of geomorphological information to improve study design. Researchers are invited to scrutinise all the knowledge available on the catchment of interest, and to obtain multiple lines of evidence regarding sediment source contributions. Second, we think that scientific knowledge could be improved with local knowledge and we propose a scale of participation describing different levels of involvement of locals in research. Third, we recommend the use of state-of-the-art sediment tracing protocols to conduct sampling, deal with particle size, and examine data before modelling and accounting for the hydro-meteorological context under investigation. Fourth, we promote best practices in modelling, including the importance of running multiple models, selecting appropriate tracers, and reporting on model errors and uncertainty. Fifth, we suggest best practices to share tracing data and samples, which will increase the visibility of the fingerprinting technique in geoscience. Sixth, we suggest that a better formulation of hypotheses could improve our knowledge about erosion and sediment transport processes in a more unified way.With the suggested improvements, sediment fingerprinting, which is interdisciplinary in nature, could play a major role to meet the current and future challenges associated with global change.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "DATA", "550", "[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "01 natural sciences", "333", "source-to-sink", "basin", "local knowledge", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "11. Sustainability", "[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "catchment", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "watershed", "FAIR", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "sediment tracing", "ddc:550", "Frontiers in Soils and Sediments \u2022 Research Article", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "sediment fingerprinting", "Chemistry", "critical Zone", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-022-03203-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-01", "title": "A novel evapotranspiration based irrigation quantification method using the hydrological similar pixels algorithm", "description": "Globally, the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of fresh water, despite the increased efficiency in irrigation. Remote sensing is a valuable tool to monitor agricultural water use. In this study, we demonstrate a novel algorithm that computes high-resolution (10 m) remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) data linked exclusively to irrigation, i.e. the incremental evapotranspiration (ETincr). The methodology compares the ET of irrigated agricultural pixels to the weighted average ET of a subset of natural Hydrological Similar Pixels (HSP). The hydrological similarity is based upon a set of features derived from DEM, soil texture, reference evapotranspiration, and precipitation datasets. The difference in ET between the subset of hydrological similar natural pixels and the corresponding irrigated agricultural pixel is explanatory for the amount of ET related to irrigation (ETincr). These results are then converted to the water use (m3) per agricultural field. The method is validated for three study areas in South Africa, Spain, and Australia. Comparing the monthly and seasonal water use estimates to water meter observations in the Hex Valley (South Africa), yielded an R2 of 0.751 and 0.780, respectively. For the Ebro (Spain) and Namoi (Australia) study areas, the accuracy of the monthly estimates decreased. In Australia, this was a result of the water meters being linked to local reservoirs, instead of the direct use of the irrigation systems. In total, 8 out of the 27 validation fields with monthly data showed a Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) larger than 0.5, which highlights that the temporal variability can be captured well by the model. Generally, seasonal estimates showed to be most accurate, which makes the product suitable for comparison with seasonal water allocations and could help to monitor overconsumption in water-scarce environments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hydrological Similar Pixels", "550", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "15. Life on land", "333", "630", "ETLook", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-20", "title": "Calibrating an evapotranspiration model using radiometric surface temperature, vegetation cover fraction and near-surface soil moisture data", "description": "An accurate representation of the partitioning between soil evaporation and plant transpiration is an asset for modeling crop evapotranspiration (ET) along the agricultural season. The Two-Surface energy Balance (TSEB) model operates the ET partitioning by using the land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover fraction (fc), and the Priestley Taylor (PT) assumption that relates transpiration to net radiation via a fixed PT coefficient (\u03b1PT). To help constrain the evaporation/transpiration partition of TSEB, a new model (named TSEB-SM) is developed by using, in addition to LST and fc data, the near-surface soil moisture (SM) as an extra constraint on soil evaporation. An innovative calibration procedure is proposed to retrieve three key parameters: \u03b1PT and the parameters (arss and brss) of a soil resistance formulation. Specifically, arss and brss are retrieved at the seasonal time scale from SM and LST data with fc\u202f \u202f0.5. The new ET model named TSEB-SM is tested over 1 flood- and 2 drip-irrigated wheat fields using in situ data collected during two field experiments in 2002\u20132003 and 2016\u20132017. The calibration algorithm is found to be remarkably stable as \u03b1PT, arss and brss parameters converge rapidly in few (2\u20133) iterations. Retrieved values of \u03b1PT, arss and brss are in the range 0.0\u20131.4, 5.7\u20139.5, and 1.4\u20136.9, respectively. Calibrated daily \u03b1PT mainly follows the phenology of winter wheat crop with a maximum value coincident with the full development of green biomass and a minimum value reached at harvest. The temporal variations of \u03b1PT before senescence are attributed to the dynamics of both root-zone soil moisture. Moreover, the overall (for the three sites) root mean square difference between the ET simulated by TSEB-SM and eddy-covariance measurements is 67\u202fW\u202fm\u22122 (24% relative error), compared to 108\u202fW\u202fm\u22122 (38% relative error) for the original version of TSEB using default parameterization (\u03b1PT\u202f=\u202f1.26). Such a calibration strategy has great potential for applications at multiple scales using remote sensing data including thermal-derived LST, solar reflectance-derived fc and microwave-derived SM.", "keywords": ["Priestley-taylor coefficient", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "TSEB modifid", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Vegetation cover fraction", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Turbulent heat fluxes", "Soil moisture", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Land surface temperature", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-14", "title": "Visualization and Characterization of Heterogeneous Water Flow in Double-Porosity Media by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography", "description": "Three-dimensional visualization of dynamic water transport process in soil by 1 computed tomography (CT) technique is still limited by its low temporal resolution. In order 2 to monitor dynamically water transport in soil, a compromise has to be found between water 3 flow velocity and CT acquisition time. Furthermore, an efficient image analysis method is 1 4 necessary. In this work, we followed the water transport in three dimensions by CT imaging 5 across a double-porosity media constituted of two distinct materials, i.e. sand and porous 6 clay spheres. The CT acquisition parameters were adjusted to the water pore velocity so that 7 we succeeded to register the water front displacement per time range of 25 min. We also used 8 the image subtraction method to extract water distribution evolution with time with a space 9 resolution of 6 \u00d7 10 \u22123 cm. Both time and space resolution are relatively high compared with 10 other dynamic studies. The water content profiles showed that the clay spheres remained 11 in their dry state during water infiltration, while the water transport only occurred in the 12 sand matrix. These results are consistent with macroscopic experiments. The water front 13 visualized by CT showed a non-symmetrical shape which was related to water transfer in 14 non-equilibrium as shown by column displacement experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "6. Clean water", "620", "Image analysis", "3D visualization", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Computed tomography", "Water transport"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transport%20in%20Porous%20Media", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-05", "title": "Performance of the HYDRUS-1D model for water balance components assessment of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in semi-arid region of Morocco", "description": "Abstract   The main goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of the HYDRUS-1D numerical model for estimating the soil moisture (\u03b8) at different depths, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) and its components (crop transpiration, Ta and soil evaporation, Ea) as well as the deep percolation (DP) of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in the semi-arid region of Tensift-basin (central Morocco). The HYDRUS-1D simulations were performed at daily time step during the two growing seasons: 2002/2003 and 2015/2016.  The model was firstly calibrated based on one field \u201cdenoted F1\u201d data during the 2002/2003 cropping season by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method implemented in HYDRUS-1D model for optimizing various parameters of Van Genuchten equation that provide the minimum difference between measured and simulated soil moisture at four layers of soil (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201350\u00a0cm). Afterwards, the model validation was done based on the data from four fields of wheat: two fields \u201cdenoted F2 and F3\u201d during the 2002/2003 and two other fields \u201cdenoted F4 and F5\u201d during the 2015/2016 cropping season. All fields were irrigated with flooding system except the field F5 where drip irrigation was undertaken. In-situ measurements of \u03b8 was carried out using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric method ETa was measured by the Eddy Covariance system Ta and Ea were monitored using a lysimeter in F5 field. The results showed that the HYDRUS-1D model simulates the \u03b8, ETa, Ta and Ea reasonably well.  Additionally, the evaluation of the irrigation system on DP losses was investigated by comparing the simulation results over flood (F4) and drip (F5) irrigated fields. It was found that about 56% and 20% of seasonal supplied water were lost by DP in F4 and F5 sites, respectively. Such unexpected high amount of DP taking place in F5 field is due to the improper use of the drip irrigation system.", "keywords": ["690", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "deep percolation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "Winter wheat", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Deep percolation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Eddy Covariance", "HYDRUS-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-22", "title": "Assimilation of SMAP disaggregated soil moisture and Landsat land surface temperature to improve FAO-56 estimates of ET in semi-arid regions", "description": "Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is of crucial importance in water science and hydrological process understanding especially in semi-arid/arid areas since ET represents more than 85% of the total water budget. FAO-56 is one of the widely used formulations to estimate the actual crop evapotranspiration (ET c act) due to its operational nature and since it represents a reasonable compromise between simplicity and accuracy. In this vein, the objective of this paper was to examine the possibility of improving ET c act estimates through remote sensing data assimilation. For this purpose, remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) and Land surface temperature (LST) data were simultaneously assimilated into FAO-dualK c. Surface SM observations were assimilated into the soil evaporation (E s) component through the soil evaporation coefficient, and LST data were assimilated into the actual crop transpiration (T c act) component through the crop stress coefficient. The LST data were used to estimate the water stress coefficient (K s) as a proxy of LST (LST proxy). The FAO-Ks was corrected by assimilating LST proxy derived from Landsat data based on the variances of predicted errors on K s estimates from FAO-56 model and thermal-derived K s. The proposed approach was tested over a semi-arid area in Morocco using first, in situ data collected during 2002-2003 and 2015-2016 wheat growth seasons over two different fields and then, remotely sensed data derived from disaggregated Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM and Landsat-LST sensors were used. Assimilating SM data leads to an improvement of the ET c act model prediction: the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 0.98 to 0.65 mm/day compared to the classical FAO-dualK c using in situ SM. Moreover, assimilating both in situ SM and LST data provided more accurate results with a RMSE error of 0.55 mm/day. By using SMAP-based SM and Landsat-LST, results also improved in comparison with standard FAO and reached a RMSE of 0.73 mm/day against eddy-covariance ET c act measurements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Evapotranspiration", "550", "Evapotranspiration Data assimilation FAO-dualK c Soil moisture Land surface temperature", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "FAO-dualK(c)", "13. Climate action", "Data assimilation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Land surface temperature"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-10", "title": "Irrigation retrieval from Landsat optical/thermal data integrated into a crop water balance model: A case study over winter wheat fields in a semi-arid region", "description": "Abstract   Monitoring irrigation is essential for an efficient management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. We propose to estimate the timing and the amount of irrigation throughout the agricultural season using optical and thermal Landsat-7/8 data. The approach is implemented in four steps: i) partitioning the Landsat land surface temperature (LST) to derive the crop water stress coefficient (Ks), ii) estimating the daily root zone soil moisture (RZSM) from the integration of Landsat-derived Ks into a crop water balance model, iii) retrieving irrigation at the Landsat pixel scale and iv) aggregating pixel-scale irrigation estimates at the crop field scale. The new irrigation retrieval method is tested over three agricultural areas during four seasons and is evaluated over five winter wheat fields under different irrigation techniques (drip, flood and no-irrigation). The model is very accurate for the seasonal accumulated amounts (R ~ 0.95 and RMSE ~ 44\u00a0mm). However, lower agreements with observed irrigations are obtained at the daily scale. To assess the performance of the irrigation retrieval method over a range of time periods, the daily predicted and observed irrigations are cumulated from 1 to 90\u00a0days. Generally, acceptable errors (R\u00a0=\u00a00.52 and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a027\u00a0mm) are obtained for irrigations cumulated over 15\u00a0days and the performance gradually improves by increasing the accumulation period, depicting a strong link to the frequency of Landsat overpasses (16\u00a0days or 8\u00a0days by combining Landsat-7 and -8). Despite the uncertainties in retrieved irrigations at daily to weekly scales, the daily RZSM and evapotranspiration simulated from the retrieved daily irrigations are estimated accurately and are very close to those estimated from actual irrigations. This research demonstrates the utility of high spatial resolution optical and thermal data for estimating irrigation and consequently for better closing the water budget over agricultural areas. We also show that significant improvements can be expected at daily to weekly time scales by reducing the revisit time of high-spatial resolution thermal data, as included in the TRISHNA future mission requirements.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Root-zone soil moisture", "0207 environmental engineering", "FAO-56 model", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Irrigation", "Landsat", "Land surface temperature"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olivera-Guerra, Luis Enrique, Merlin, Olivier, Er-Raki, Salah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing%20of%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-16", "title": "Assessing the impact of global climate changes on irrigated wheat yields and water requirements in a semi-arid environment of Morocco", "description": "Abstract<p>The present work aims to quantify the impact of climate change (CC) on the grain yields of irrigated cereals and their water requirements in the Tensift region of Morocco. The Med-CORDEX (MEDiterranean COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment) ensemble runs under scenarios RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 are first evaluated and disaggregated using the quantile-quantile approach. The impact of CC on the duration of the main wheat phenological stages based on the degree-day approach is then analyzed. The results show that the rise in air temperature causes a shortening of the development cycle of up to 50 days. The impacts of rising temperature and changes in precipitation on wheat yields are next evaluated, based on the AquaCrop model, both with and without taking into account the fertilizing effect of CO2. As expected, optimal wheat yields will decrease on the order of 7 to 30% if CO2 concentration rise is not considered. The fertilizing effect of CO2 can counterbalance yield losses, since optimal yields could increase by 7% and 13% respectively at mid-century for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Finally, water requirements are expected to decrease by 13 to 42%, mainly in response to the shortening of the cycle. This decrease is associated with a change in temporal patterns, with the requirement peak coming two months earlier than under current conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Water resources", "Atmospheric sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "Representative Concentration Pathways", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Arid", "Rain", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "Plant Science", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Downscaling", "Climate change", "Quantile", "Triticum", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Temperature", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Morocco", "Phenology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "Seeds", "Physical Sciences", "Metallurgy", "Desert Climate", "Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Ozone on Plant Physiology", "Climate Change", "0207 environmental engineering", "Yield (engineering)", "Climate model", "Article", "Environmental science", "FOS: Economics and business", "Meteorology", "FOS: Mathematics", "Econometrics", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Water", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Materials science", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Crop Yield", "Mediterranean climate", "Mathematics", "Climate Modeling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55251-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr18179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-06", "title": "Micro- and macro-scale water retention properties of granular soils: contribution of the X-Ray CT-based voxel percolation method", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Water retention in granular soils is a key mechanism for understanding transport processes in the vadose zone for various applications from agronomy to hydrological and environmental sciences. The macroscopic pattern of water entrapment is mainly driven by the pore-scale morphology and capillary and gravity forces. In the present study, the drainage water retention curve (WRC) was measured for three different granular materials using a miniaturised hanging column apparatus. The samples were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography during the experiment. A segmentation procedure was applied to identify air, water and solid phases in 3D at the pore-scale. A representative elementary volume analysis based on volume and surface properties validated the experimental setup size. A morphological approach, the voxel percolation method (VPM) was used to model the drainage experiment under the assumption of capillary-dominated quasi-static flow. At the macro-scale, the VPM showed a good capability to predict the WRC when compared with direct experimental measurements. An in-depth comparison with image data also revealed a satisfactory agreement concerning both the average volumetric distributions and the pore-scale local topology. Image voxelisation and the quasi-static assumption of VPM are likely to explain minor discrepancies observed at low suctions and for coarser materials.</p></article>", "keywords": ["550", "[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "6. Clean water", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18179"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr18179"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr18179", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr18179", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr18179"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13040727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-17", "title": "On the Utility of High-Resolution Soil Moisture Data for Better Constraining Thermal-Based Energy Balance over Three Semi-Arid Agricultural Areas", "description": "<p>Over semi-arid agricultural areas, the surface energy balance and its components are largely dependent on the soil water availability. In such conditions, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from the thermal bands has been commonly used to represent the high spatial variability of the surface evaporative fraction and associated fluxes. In contrast, however, the soil moisture (SM) retrieved from microwave data has rarely been used thus far due to the unavailability of high-resolution (field scale) SM products until recent times. Soil evaporation is controlled by the surface SM. Moreover, the surface SM dynamics is temporally related to root zone SM, which provides information about the water status of plants. The aim of this work was to assess the gain in terms of flux estimates when integrating microwave-derived SM data in a thermal-based energy balance model at the field scale. In this study, SM products were derived from three different methodologies: the first approach inverts SM, labeled hereafter as \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO20\uffe2\uff80\uff99, from the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence derived from Sentinel-1 products in the water cloud model (WCM); the second approach inverts SM from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data based on machine learning algorithms trained on a synthetic dataset simulated by the WCM noted \uffe2\uff80\uff98SME16\uffe2\uff80\uff99; and the third approach disaggregates the soil moisture active and passive SM at 100 m resolution using Landsat optical/thermal data \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO19\uffe2\uff80\uff99. These SM products, combined with the Landsat based vegetation index and LST, are integrated simultaneously within an energy balance model (TSEB-SM) to predict the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes over two irrigated and rainfed wheat crop sites located in the Haouz Plain in the center of Morocco. H and LE were measured over each site using an eddy covariance system and their values were used to evaluate the potential of TSEB-SM against the classical two source energy balance (TSEB) model solely based on optical/thermal data. Globally, TSEB systematically overestimates LE (mean bias of 100 W/m2) and underestimates H (mean bias of \uffe2\uff88\uff92110 W/m2), while TSEB-SM significantly reduces those biases, regardless of the SM product used as input. This is linked to the parameterization of the Priestley Taylor coefficient, which is set to \uffce\uffb1PT = 1.26 by default in TSEB and adjusted across the season in TSEB-SM. The best performance of TSEB-SM was obtained over the irrigated field using the three retrieved SM products with a mean R2 of 0.72 and 0.92, and a mean RMSE of 31 and 36 W/m2 for LE and H, respectively. This opens up perspectives for applying the TSEB-SM model over extended irrigated agricultural areas to better predict the crop water needs at the field scale.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Science", "Q", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "TSEB-SM", "land surface temperature", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "13. Climate action", "semi-arid region", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "TSEB", "environment", "vegetation index"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13040727", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13040727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13142667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-07", "title": "Irrigation amounts and timing retrieval through data assimilation of surface soil moisture into the FAO-56 approach in the South Mediterranean region", "description": "<p>Agricultural water use represents more than 70% of the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s freshwater through irrigation water inputs that are poorly known at the field scale. Irrigation monitoring is thus an important issue for optimizing water use in particular with regards to the water scarcity that the semi-arid regions are already facing. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new approach to predict seasonal to daily irrigation timing and amounts at the field scale. The method is based on surface soil moisture (SSM) data assimilated into a simple land surface (FAO-56) model through a particle filter technique based on an ensemble of irrigation scenarios. The approach is implemented in three steps. First, synthetic experiments are designed to assess the impact of the frequency of observation, the errors on SSM and the a priori constraints on the irrigation scenarios for different irrigation techniques (flooding and drip). In a second step, the method is evaluated using in situ SSM measurements with different revisit times (3, 6 and 12 days) to mimic the available SSM product derived from remote sensing observation. Finally, SSM estimates from Sentinel-1 are used. Data are collected on different wheat fields grown in Morocco, for both flood and drip irrigation techniques in addition to rainfed fields used for an indirect evaluation of the method performance. Using in situ data, accurate results are obtained. With an observation every 6 days to mimic the Sentinel-1 revisit time, the seasonal amounts are retrieved with R &gt; 0.98, RMSE &lt; 32 mm and bias &lt; 2.5 mm. Likewise, a good agreement is observed at the daily scale for flood irrigation as more than 70% of the detected irrigation events have a time difference from actual irrigation events shorter than 4 days. Over the drip irrigated fields, the statistical metrics are R = 0.74, RMSE = 24.8 mm and bias = 2.3 mm for irrigation amounts cumulated over 15 days. When using SSM products derived from Sentinel-1 data, the statistical metrics on 15-day cumulated amounts slightly dropped to R = 0.64, RMSE = 28.7 mm and bias = 1.9 mm. The metrics on the seasonal amount retrievals are close to assimilating in situ observations with R = 0.99, RMSE = 33.5 mm and bias = \uffe2\uff88\uff9218.8 mm. Finally, among four rainfed seasons, only one false event was detected. This study opens perspectives for the regional retrieval of irrigation amounts and timing at the field scale and for mapping irrigated/non irrigated areas.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "particle filters", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "irrigation timing and amounts", "Irrigation Amounts and Timing Retrieval through Data Assimilation of Surface Soil Moisture irrigation timing and amounts", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "semi-arid Mediterranean region", "data assimilation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "FAO-56", "2. Zero hunger", "Q", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "irrigation timing and amounts; surface soil moisture; data assimilation; particle filters; FAO-56; Sentinel-1; semi-arid Mediterranean region; winter wheat", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "ZONE MEDITERRANEENNE", "Sentinel-1", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2667/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2667/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142667"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13142667", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13142667", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13142667"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-17", "title": "Evaluating stream CO 2 outgassing via Drifting and Anchored flux chambers in a controlled flume experiment", "description": "<p>Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from running waters represent a key component of the global carbon cycle. However, quantifying CO2 fluxes across air\uffe2\uff80\uff93water boundaries remains challenging due to practical difficulties in the estimation of reach-scale standardized gas exchange velocities (k600) and water equilibrium concentrations. Whereas craft-made floating chambers supplied by internal CO2 sensors represent a promising technique to estimate CO2 fluxes from rivers, the existing literature lacks rigorous comparisons among differently designed chambers and deployment techniques. Moreover, as of now the uncertainty of k600 estimates from chamber data has not been evaluated. Here, these issues were addressed by analysing the results of a flume experiment carried out in the Summer of 2019 in the Lunzer:::Rinnen \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Experimental Facility (Austria). During the experiment, 100 runs were performed using two different chamber designs (namely, a standard chamber and a flexible foil chamber with an external floating system and a flexible sealing) and two different deployment modes (drifting and anchored). The runs were performed using various combinations of discharge and channel slope, leading to variable turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (1.5\uffc3\uff9710-3&lt;\uffce\uffb5&lt;1\uffc3\uff9710-1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2\uffe2\uff80\uff89s\uffe2\uff88\uff923). Estimates of gas exchange velocities were in line with the existing literature (4&lt;k600&lt;32\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2\uffe2\uff80\uff89s\uffe2\uff88\uff923), with a general increase in k600 for larger turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. The flexible foil chamber gave consistent k600 patterns in response to changes in the slope and/or the flow rate. Moreover, acoustic Doppler velocimeter measurements indicated a limited increase in the turbulence induced by the flexible foil chamber on the flow field (22\uffe2\uff80\uff89% increase in \uffce\uffb5, leading to a theoretical 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89% increase in k600). The uncertainty in the estimate of gas exchange velocities was then estimated using a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) procedure. Overall, uncertainty in k600 was moderate to high, with enhanced uncertainty in high-energy set-ups. For the anchored mode, the standard deviations of k600 were between 1.6 and 8.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff80\uff89d\uffe2\uff88\uff921, whereas significantly higher values were obtained in drifting mode. Interestingly, for the standard chamber the uncertainty was larger (+\uffe2\uff80\uff8920\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) as compared to the flexible foil chamber. Our study suggests that a flexible foil design and the anchored deployment might be useful techniques to enhance the robustness and the accuracy of CO2 measurements in low-order streams. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the value of analytical and numerical tools in the identification of accurate estimations for gas exchange velocities. These findings have important implications for improving estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and reaeration rates in running waters.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "550", "660", "Ecology", "Geology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "11. Sustainability", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/22849/1/vingiani_f_et_al_210329.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2020-327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.555216", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Extending the spatio-temporal applicability of DISPATCH soil moisture downscaling algorithm: A study case using SMAP, MODIS and Sentinel-3 data", "description": "<p>DISPATCH is a disaggregation algorithm of the low-resolution soil moisture (SM) estimates derived from passive microwave observations. It provides disaggregated SM data at typically 1\uffc2\uffa0km resolution by using the soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) estimated from optical/thermal data collected around solar noon. DISPATCH is based on the relationship between the evapo-transpiration rate and the surface SM under non-energy-limited conditions and hence is well adapted for semi-arid regions with generally low cloud cover and sparse vegetation. The objective of this paper is to extend the spatio-temporal coverage of DISPATCH data by 1) including more densely vegetated areas and 2) assessing the usefulness of thermal data collected earlier in the morning. Especially, we evaluate the performance of the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) instead of SEE in the DISPATCH algorithm over vegetated areas (called vegetation-extended DISPATCH) and we quantify the increase in coverage using Sentinel-3 (overpass at around 09:30 am) instead of MODIS (overpass at around 10:30 am and 1:30 pm for Terra and Aqua, respectively) data. In this study, DISPATCH is applied to 36\uffc2\uffa0km resolution Soil Moisture Active and Passive SM data over three 50\uffc2\uffa0km by 50\uffc2\uffa0km areas in Spain and France to assess the effectiveness of the approach over temperate and semi-arid regions. The use of TVDI within DISPATCH increases the coverage of disaggregated images by 9 and 14% over the temperate and semi-arid sites, respectively. Moreover, including the vegetated pixels in the validation areas increases the overall correlation between satellite and in situ SM from 0.36 to 0.43 and from 0.41 to 0.79 for the temperate and semi-arid regions, respectively. The use of Sentinel-3 can increase the spatio-temporal coverage by up to 44% over the considered MODIS tile, while the overlapping disaggregated data sets derived from Sentinel-3 and MODIS land surface temperature data are strongly correlated (around 0.7). Additionally, the correlation between satellite and in situ SM is significantly better for DISPATCH (0.39\uffe2\uff80\uff930.80) than for the Copernicus Sentinel-1-based (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.03 to 0.69) and SMAP/S1 (0.37\uffe2\uff80\uff930.74) product over the three studies (temperate and semi-arid) areas, with an increase in yearly valid retrievals for the vegetation-extended DISPATCH algorithm.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "TVDI", "SMAP", "02 engineering and technology", "EVI", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Environmental sciences", "DISPATCH", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "GE1-350", "Sentinel-3", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.555216"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.555216", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2021.555216", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2021.555216"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/s21217406", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-09", "title": "A Calibration/Disaggregation Coupling Scheme for Retrieving Soil Moisture at High Spatio-Temporal Resolution: Synergy between SMAP Passive Microwave, MODIS/Landsat Optical/Thermal and Sentinel-1 Radar Data", "description": "<p>Soil moisture (SM) data are required at high spatio-temporal resolution\uffe2\uff80\uff94typically the crop field scale every 3\uffe2\uff80\uff936 days\uffe2\uff80\uff94for agricultural and hydrological purposes. To provide such high-resolution SM data, many remote sensing methods have been developed from passive microwave, active microwave and thermal data. Despite the pros and cons of each technique in terms of spatio-temporal resolution and their sensitivity to perturbing factors such as vegetation cover, soil roughness and meteorological conditions, there is currently no synergistic approach that takes advantage of all relevant (passive, active microwave and thermal) remote sensing data. In this context, the objective of the paper is to develop a new algorithm that combines SMAP L-band passive microwave, MODIS/Landsat optical/thermal and Sentinel-1 C-band radar data to provide SM data at the field scale at the observation frequency of Sentinel-1. In practice, it is a three-step procedure in which: (1) the 36 km resolution SMAP SM data are disaggregated at 100 m resolution using MODIS/Landsat optical/thermal data on clear sky days, (2) the 100 m resolution disaggregated SM data set is used to calibrate a radar-based SM retrieval model and (3) the so-calibrated radar model is run at field scale on each Sentinel-1 overpass. The calibration approach also uses a vegetation descriptor as ancillary data that is derived either from optical (Sentinel-2) or radar (Sentinel-1) data. Two radar models (an empirical linear regression model and a non-linear semi-empirical formulation derived from the water cloud model) are tested using three vegetation descriptors (NDVI, polarization ratio (PR) and radar coherence (CO)) separately. Both models are applied over three experimental irrigated and rainfed wheat crop sites in central Morocco. The field-scale temporal correlation between predicted and in situ SM is in the range of 0.66\uffe2\uff80\uff930.81 depending on the retrieval configuration. Based on this data set, the linear radar model using PR as a vegetation descriptor offers a relatively good compromise between precision and robustness all throughout the agricultural season with only three parameters to set. The proposed synergistical approach combining multi-resolution/multi-sensor SM-relevant data offers the advantage of not requiring in situ measurements for calibration.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Chemical technology", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "synergy", "SMAP", "TP1-1185", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Article", "DISPATCH", "disaggregation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Sentinel-1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "Landsat"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7406/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7406/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217406"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sensors", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/s21217406", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/s21217406", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/s21217406"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs12101671", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-25", "title": "Temporal Calibration of an Evaporation-Based Spatial Disaggregation Method of SMOS Soil Moisture Data", "description": "<p>The resolution of current satellite surface soil moisture (SM) estimates is very low, of tens of kilometers, which proves to be insufficient for various agricultural and hydrological applications. Amongst the existing downscaling approaches of remotely sensed SM, DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on a Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) improves the resolution of SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) soil moisture data using soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) estimates at high resolution (HR) and a SEE(SM) model implemented at low resolution (LR). Defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation, SEE can be derived from the remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The current version of DISPATCH uses a linear SEE(SM) model. This study aims at improving the SEE(SM) model and testing different calibration strategies, to ultimately have more robust and better downscaled SM products. A nonlinear SEE(SM) model is introduced and its influence on the derived HR SM products is studied over a range of conditions. Each model, linear and nonlinear, is calibrated from remote sensing data on a daily and a multi-date basis. The approaches were tested over two mixed dry and irrigated areas in Catalonia, Spain, and over one dry area in Morocco. When using the linear model, better statistical results were generally obtained using a daily calibration (current version of DISPATCH), most notably over one Spanish site. However, the best results were systematically obtained for an annually calibrated nonlinear model, in terms of all metrics considered: correlation coefficient, slope of the linear regression, bias, unbiased root mean square error. In particular, when using the annually calibrated nonlinear SEE (SM) model, the temporal slope of the linear regression between disaggregated and in situ soil moisture increased to 1.16 and 0.75 for one Spanish site and for the Moroccan site (as opposed to 0.44 and 0.58, respectively, when using the linear model with a daily calibration). The temporal correlation coefficient increased to 0.47 and 0.54 over the Spanish sites (as opposed to 0.18 and 0.27, respectively, when using the linear model with a daily calibration). Those contrasted results indicate compensation effects between the model type and the calibration strategy. Taking into account studies that report the strong nonlinear behavior of the SEE with respect to SM, the introduction of the nonlinear SEE(SM) model in DISPATCH, combined with a multi-date calibration, is proven to perform significantly better under various conditions, leading to more robust disaggregated SM products. The SEE modeling based on the nonlinear SM model, with a multi-date calibration, could be integrated into the CATDS\uffe2\uff80\uff94Centre Aval de Traitement des Donn\uffc3\uffa9es SMOS as a future product, as well as into existing evapotranspiration models, which are based on a combination of thermal and microwave data.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "Evaporation", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "01 natural sciences", "evaporation", "Disaggregation", "Downscaling", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Q", "downscaling", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "MODIS", "13. Climate action", "disaggregation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "SMOS"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1671/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/10/1671/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101671"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs12101671", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs12101671", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs12101671"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs14010167", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "Disaggregation of SMAP Soil Moisture at 20 m Resolution: Validation and Sub-Field Scale Analysis", "description": "<p>This paper introduces a modified version of the DisPATCh (Disaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale Change) algorithm to disaggregate an SMAP surface soil moisture (SSM) product at a 20 m spatial resolution, through the use of sharpened Sentinel-3 land surface temperature (LST) data. Using sharpened LST as a high resolution proxy of SSM is a novel approach that needs to be validated and can be employed in a variety of applications that currently lack in a product with a similar high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed high resolution SSM product was validated against available in situ data for two different fields, and it was also compared with two coarser DisPATCh products produced, disaggregating SMAP through the use of an LST at 1 km from Sentinel-3 and MODIS. From the correlation between in situ data and disaggregated SSM products, a general improvement was found in terms of Pearson\uffe2\uff80\uff99s correlation coefficient (R) for the proposed high resolution product with respect to the two products at 1 km. For the first field analyzed, R was equal to 0.47 when considering the 20 m product, an improvement compared to the 0.28 and 0.39 for the 1 km products. The improvement was especially noticeable during the summer season, in which it was only possible to successfully capture field-specific irrigation practices at the 20 m resolution. For the second field, R was 0.31 for the 20 m product, also an improvement compared to the 0.21 and 0.23 for the 1 km product. Additionally, the new product was able to depict SSM spatial variability at a sub-field scale and a validation analysis is also proposed at this scale. The main advantage of the proposed product is its very high spatio-temporal resolution, which opens up new opportunities to apply remotely sensed SSM data in disciplines that require fine spatial scales, such as agriculture and water management.</p>", "keywords": ["validation", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "Science", "Q", "SMAP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "surface soil moisture", "333", "6. Clean water", "631", "surface soil moisture; disaggregation; DISPATCH; SMAP; validation", "DISPATCH", "disaggregation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/167/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/167/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010167"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs14010167", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs14010167", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs14010167"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\u2009km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\u2009km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\u20132018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\u20132018). The field was seeded for the 2014\u20132015 (S1), 2016\u20132017 (S2) and 2017\u20132018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\u20132016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \u03b1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \u03b1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\u223c\u20090.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-2019-105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-2019-105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932018). The field was seeded for the 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015 (S1), 2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932017 (S2) and 2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\uffe2\uff80\uff932016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \uffce\uffb1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \uffce\uffb1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc\uffe2\uff80\uff890.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\uffe2\uff80\uff89W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\uffe2\uff80\uff89W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.                         </p>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/hess-24-1781-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\u2009km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\u2009km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\u20132018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\u20132018). The field was seeded for the 2014\u20132015 (S1), 2016\u20132017 (S2) and 2017\u20132018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\u20132016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \u03b1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \u03b1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\u223c\u20090.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/g4rcv-eqz54"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1886144451", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-14", "title": "Visualization and Characterization of Heterogeneous Water Flow in Double-Porosity Media by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography", "description": "Three-dimensional visualization of dynamic water transport process in soil by 1 computed tomography (CT) technique is still limited by its low temporal resolution. In order 2 to monitor dynamically water transport in soil, a compromise has to be found between water 3 flow velocity and CT acquisition time. Furthermore, an efficient image analysis method is 1 4 necessary. In this work, we followed the water transport in three dimensions by CT imaging 5 across a double-porosity media constituted of two distinct materials, i.e. sand and porous 6 clay spheres. The CT acquisition parameters were adjusted to the water pore velocity so that 7 we succeeded to register the water front displacement per time range of 25 min. We also used 8 the image subtraction method to extract water distribution evolution with time with a space 9 resolution of 6 \u00d7 10 \u22123 cm. Both time and space resolution are relatively high compared with 10 other dynamic studies. The water content profiles showed that the clay spheres remained 11 in their dry state during water infiltration, while the water transport only occurred in the 12 sand matrix. These results are consistent with macroscopic experiments. The water front 13 visualized by CT showed a non-symmetrical shape which was related to water transfer in 14 non-equilibrium as shown by column displacement experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "6. Clean water", "620", "Image analysis", "3D visualization", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Computed tomography", "Water transport"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1886144451"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transport%20in%20Porous%20Media", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1886144451", "name": "item", "description": "1886144451", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1886144451"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2336203031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-20", "title": "Modeling soil evaporation efficiency in a range of soil and atmospheric conditions using a meta\u2010analysis approach", "description": "Abstract<p>A meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach is developed to represent the soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. The new model is tested across a bare soil database composed of more than 30 sites around the world, a clay fraction range of 0.02\uffe2\uff80\uff930.56, a sand fraction range of 0.05\uffe2\uff80\uff930.92, and about 30,000 acquisition times. SEE is modeled using a soil resistance (rss) formulation based on surface soil moisture (\uffce\uffb8) and two resistance parameters   and \uffce\uffb8efolding. The data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven approach aims to express both parameters as a function of observable data including meteorological forcing, cut\uffe2\uff80\uff90off soil moisture value   at which SEE=0.5, and first derivative of SEE at  , named  . An analytical relationship between   and   is first built by running a soil energy balance model for two extreme conditions with rss\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff890 and   using meteorological forcing solely, and by approaching the middle point from the two (wet and dry) reference points. Two different methods are then investigated to estimate the pair   either from the time series of SEE and \uffce\uffb8 observations for a given site, or using the soil texture information for all sites. The first method is based on an algorithm specifically designed to accomodate for strongly nonlinear   relationships and potentially large random deviations of observed SEE from the mean observed  . The second method parameterizes   as a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear regression of clay and sand percentages, and sets   to a constant mean value for all sites. The new model significantly outperformed the evaporation modules of ISBA (Interaction Sol\uffe2\uff80\uff90Biosph\uffc3\uffa8re\uffe2\uff80\uff90Atmosph\uffc3\uffa8re), H\uffe2\uff80\uff90TESSEL (Hydrology\uffe2\uff80\uff90Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchange over Land), and CLM (Community Land Model). It has potential for integration in various land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface schemes, and real calibration capabilities using combined thermal and microwave remote sensing data.</p", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "modeling", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "evaporation", "soil", "moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "texture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015WR018233"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2336203031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2336203031", "name": "item", "description": "2336203031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2336203031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2790511636", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-20", "title": "Calibrating an evapotranspiration model using radiometric surface temperature, vegetation cover fraction and near-surface soil moisture data", "description": "An accurate representation of the partitioning between soil evaporation and plant transpiration is an asset for modeling crop evapotranspiration (ET) along the agricultural season. The Two-Surface energy Balance (TSEB) model operates the ET partitioning by using the land surface temperature (LST), vegetation cover fraction (fc), and the Priestley Taylor (PT) assumption that relates transpiration to net radiation via a fixed PT coefficient (\u03b1PT). To help constrain the evaporation/transpiration partition of TSEB, a new model (named TSEB-SM) is developed by using, in addition to LST and fc data, the near-surface soil moisture (SM) as an extra constraint on soil evaporation. An innovative calibration procedure is proposed to retrieve three key parameters: \u03b1PT and the parameters (arss and brss) of a soil resistance formulation. Specifically, arss and brss are retrieved at the seasonal time scale from SM and LST data with fc\u202f \u202f0.5. The new ET model named TSEB-SM is tested over 1 flood- and 2 drip-irrigated wheat fields using in situ data collected during two field experiments in 2002\u20132003 and 2016\u20132017. The calibration algorithm is found to be remarkably stable as \u03b1PT, arss and brss parameters converge rapidly in few (2\u20133) iterations. Retrieved values of \u03b1PT, arss and brss are in the range 0.0\u20131.4, 5.7\u20139.5, and 1.4\u20136.9, respectively. Calibrated daily \u03b1PT mainly follows the phenology of winter wheat crop with a maximum value coincident with the full development of green biomass and a minimum value reached at harvest. The temporal variations of \u03b1PT before senescence are attributed to the dynamics of both root-zone soil moisture. Moreover, the overall (for the three sites) root mean square difference between the ET simulated by TSEB-SM and eddy-covariance measurements is 67\u202fW\u202fm\u22122 (24% relative error), compared to 108\u202fW\u202fm\u22122 (38% relative error) for the original version of TSEB using default parameterization (\u03b1PT\u202f=\u202f1.26). Such a calibration strategy has great potential for applications at multiple scales using remote sensing data including thermal-derived LST, solar reflectance-derived fc and microwave-derived SM.", "keywords": ["Priestley-taylor coefficient", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "TSEB modifid", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Vegetation cover fraction", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Turbulent heat fluxes", "Soil moisture", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Land surface temperature", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2790511636"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2790511636", "name": "item", "description": "2790511636", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2790511636"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2913622835", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-07", "title": "Micro- and macro-scale water retention properties of granular soils: contribution of the X-Ray CT-based voxel percolation method", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p> Water retention in granular soils is a key mechanism for understanding transport processes in the vadose zone for various applications from agronomy to hydrological and environmental sciences. The macroscopic pattern of water entrapment is mainly driven by the pore-scale morphology and capillary and gravity forces. In the present study, the drainage water retention curve (WRC) was measured for three different granular materials using a miniaturised hanging column apparatus. The samples were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography during the experiment. A segmentation procedure was applied to identify air, water and solid phases in 3D at the pore-scale. A representative elementary volume analysis based on volume and surface properties validated the experimental setup size. A morphological approach, the voxel percolation method (VPM) was used to model the drainage experiment under the assumption of capillary-dominated quasi-static flow. At the macro-scale, the VPM showed a good capability to predict the WRC when compared with direct experimental measurements. An in-depth comparison with image data also revealed a satisfactory agreement concerning both the average volumetric distributions and the pore-scale local topology. Image voxelisation and the quasi-static assumption of VPM are likely to explain minor discrepancies observed at low suctions and for coarser materials. </p></article>", "keywords": ["550", "[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "6. Clean water", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18179"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2913622835"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2913622835", "name": "item", "description": "2913622835", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2913622835"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2802981068", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-19", "title": "A phenomenological model of soil evaporative efficiency using surface soil moisture and temperature data", "description": "Abstract   Modeling soil evaporation has been a notorious challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon and the lack of data to constrain it. In this context, a parsimonious model is developed to estimate soil evaporative efficiency (SEE) defined as the ratio of actual to potential soil evaporation. It uses a soil resistance driven by surface (0\u20135\u202fcm) soil moisture, meteorological forcing and time (hour) of day, and has the capability to be calibrated using the radiometric surface temperature derived from remotely sensed thermal data. The new approach is tested over a rainfed semi-arid site, which had been under bare soil conditions during a 9-month period in 2016. Three calibration strategies are adopted based on SEE time series derived from (1) eddy-covariance measurements, (2) thermal measurements, and (3) eddy-covariance measurements used only over separate drying periods between significant rainfall events. The correlation coefficients (and slopes of the linear regression) between simulated and observed (eddy-covariance-derived) SEE are 0.85, 0.86 and 0.87 (and 0.91, 0.87 and 0.91) for calibration strategies 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the correlation coefficient (and slope of the linear regression) between simulated and observed SEE is improved from 0.80 to 0.85 (from 0.86 to 0.91) when including hour of day in the soil resistance. The reason is that, under non-energy-limited conditions, the receding evaporation front during daytime makes SEE decrease at the hourly time scale. The soil resistance formulation can be integrated into state-of-the-art dual-source surface models and has calibration capabilities across a range of spatial scales from spaceborne microwave and thermal data.", "keywords": ["550", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil resistance", "02 engineering and technology", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "calibration", "surface temperature", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Surface temperature", "remote sensing", "Calibration", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "soil resistance", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "soil moisture", "environment", "Soil evaporation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2802981068"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2802981068", "name": "item", "description": "2802981068", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2802981068"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2902175533", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-29", "title": "Partitioning evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated wheat crop: Inter-comparing eddy covariance-, sap flow-, lysimeter- and FAO-based methods", "description": "Abstract   A precise estimate of the evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning is fundamental for determining the crop water needs and optimizing irrigation management. The plant transpiration (T) is generally considered to be the most desirable component, while reducing the soil evaporation (E) could be one of the most important water-saving actions in semi-arid agricultural regions. Given the lack of reference method to estimate the E/T partitioning of wheat crop, this study inter-compares four different methods based on eddy covariance, sap flow and lysimetry measurements and FAO modeling. The objectives are: i) to quantify the systematic and random uncertainty in E and T observations, ii) to evaluate the partitioning ratio (T/ET) at the daily/field scale and iii) to assess the performance of the FAO model over two drip irrigated wheat fields. Results indicate that despite the small surface sensed by mini-lysimeters, the partitioning ratio is evaluated more precisely (19% relative error) with lysimetry than with the other systems (any combination of eddy covariance, lysimetry and sap flow measurements). Moreover, stem-scale T measurements from sap flow sensors are subject to representativeness issues at the field scale, and to systematic errors during water-stress and senescence periods. The lysimeter-derived partitioning ratio increases from about 0.50 to 0.85 during the growth stage and rapidly drops towards 0 during senescence. Its dynamics is found to be significantly correlated (R>0.7) with the 5-cm soil moisture. By comparing FAO simulations with observations, it is found that the FAO method overestimates T and underestimates E, while keeping satisfying ET estimates for drip irrigated wheat. This study suggests that different independent measurement techniques should be implemented to both quantify and reduce uncertainties in the T/ET ratio, and that accurate observations are still needed to improve the modeling of E/T components.", "keywords": ["FAO-56", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Lysimeter", "Eddy correlation", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Sap flow", "Wheat", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Evaporation-transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2902175533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2902175533", "name": "item", "description": "2902175533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2902175533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29573829", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-18", "title": "Comparison of theory and experiment for NAPL dissolution in porous media", "description": "Contamination of groundwater resources by an immiscible organic phase commonly called NAPL (Non Aqueous Phase Liquid) represents a major scientific challenge considering the residence time of such a pollutant. This contamination leads to the formation of NAPL blobs trapped in the soil and impact of this residual saturation cannot be ignored for correct predictions of the contaminant fate. In this paper, we present results of micromodel experiments on the dissolution of pure hydrocarbon phase (toluene). They were conducted for two values of the P\u00e9clet number. These experiments provide data for comparison and validation of a two-phase non-equilibrium theoretical model developed by Quintard and Whitaker (1994) using the volume averaging method. The model was directly upscaled from the averaged pore-scale mass balance equations. The effective properties of the macroscopic model were calculated over periodic unit cells designed from images of the experimental flow cell. Comparison of experimental and numerical results shows that the transport model predicts correctly - with no fitting parameters - the main mechanisms of NAPL mass transfer. The study highlights the crucial need of having a fair recovery of pore-scale characteristic lengths to predict the mass transfer coefficient with accuracy.", "keywords": ["Volume averaging method", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "Porous media flow", "Hydrocarbons", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Solubility", "Upscaling transport", "13. Climate action", "Volume Averaging", "Upscaling", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "NAPL dissolution", "Hydrology", "Groundwater", "Porosity", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Toluene"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/29573829"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Contaminant%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "29573829", "name": "item", "description": "29573829", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/29573829"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2940609395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-23", "title": "An evapotranspiration model self-calibrated from remotely sensed surface soil moisture, land surface temperature and vegetation cover fraction: application to disaggregated SMOS and MODIS data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thermal-based two-source energy balance modeling is very useful for estimating the land evapotranspiration (ET) at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, the land surface temperature (LST) is not sufficient for constraining simultaneously both soil and vegetation flux components in such a way that assumptions (on either the soil or the vegetation fluxes) are commonly required. To avoid such assumptions, a new energy balance model (TSEB-SM) was recently developed in Ait Hssaine et al. (2018a) to integrate the microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (SM), in addition to the thermal-derived LST and vegetation cover fraction (fc). Whereas, TSEB-SM has been recently tested using in-situ measurements, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of TSEB-SM in real-life using 1\u2009km resolution MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) LST and fc data and the 1\u2009km resolution SM data disaggregated from SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) observations by using DisPATCh. The approach is applied during a four-year period (2014\u20132018) over a rainfed wheat field in the Tensift basin, central Morocco, during a four-year period (2014\u20132018). The field was seeded for the 2014\u20132015 (S1), 2016\u20132017 (S2) and 2017\u20132018 (S3) agricultural season, while it was not ploughed (remained as bare soil) during the 2015\u20132016 (B1) agricultural season. The mean retrieved values of (arss, brss) calculated for the entire study period using satellite data are (7.32, 4.58). The daily calibrated \u03b1PT ranges between 0 and 1.38 for both S1 and S2. Its temporal variability is mainly attributed to the rainfall distribution along the agricultural season. For S3, the daily retrieved \u03b1PT remains at a mostly constant value (\u223c\u20090.7) throughout the study period, because of the lack of clear sky disaggregated SM and LST observations during this season. Compared to eddy covariance measurements, TSEB driven only by LST and fc data significantly overestimates latent heat fluxes for the four seasons. The overall mean bias values are 119, 94, 128 and 181\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively. In contrast, these errors are much reduced when using TSEB-SM (SM and LST combined data) with the mean bias values estimated as 39, 4, 7 and 62\u2009W/m2 for S1, S2, S3 and B1 respectively.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Soil Moisture", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "Engineering", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "Pathology", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Water content", "Evapotranspiration", "Geography", "Ecology", "T", "Soil Water Retention", "Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "Aerospace engineering", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "environment", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Latent heat", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Land cover", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Energy balance", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "G", "Meteorology", "Civil engineering", "14. Life underwater", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture", "Environmental sciences", "Geotechnical engineering", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/1781/2020/hess-24-1781-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2940609395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrology%20and%20Earth%20System%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2940609395", "name": "item", "description": "2940609395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2940609395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3091208561", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-05", "title": "Performance of the HYDRUS-1D model for water balance components assessment of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in semi-arid region of Morocco", "description": "Abstract   The main goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of the HYDRUS-1D numerical model for estimating the soil moisture (\u03b8) at different depths, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) and its components (crop transpiration, Ta and soil evaporation, Ea) as well as the deep percolation (DP) of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in the semi-arid region of Tensift-basin (central Morocco). The HYDRUS-1D simulations were performed at daily time step during the two growing seasons: 2002/2003 and 2015/2016.  The model was firstly calibrated based on one field \u201cdenoted F1\u201d data during the 2002/2003 cropping season by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method implemented in HYDRUS-1D model for optimizing various parameters of Van Genuchten equation that provide the minimum difference between measured and simulated soil moisture at four layers of soil (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201350\u00a0cm). Afterwards, the model validation was done based on the data from four fields of wheat: two fields \u201cdenoted F2 and F3\u201d during the 2002/2003 and two other fields \u201cdenoted F4 and F5\u201d during the 2015/2016 cropping season. All fields were irrigated with flooding system except the field F5 where drip irrigation was undertaken. In-situ measurements of \u03b8 was carried out using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric method ETa was measured by the Eddy Covariance system Ta and Ea were monitored using a lysimeter in F5 field. The results showed that the HYDRUS-1D model simulates the \u03b8, ETa, Ta and Ea reasonably well.  Additionally, the evaluation of the irrigation system on DP losses was investigated by comparing the simulation results over flood (F4) and drip (F5) irrigated fields. It was found that about 56% and 20% of seasonal supplied water were lost by DP in F4 and F5 sites, respectively. Such unexpected high amount of DP taking place in F5 field is due to the improper use of the drip irrigation system.", "keywords": ["690", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "deep percolation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "Winter wheat", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Deep percolation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Eddy Covariance", "HYDRUS-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3091208561"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3091208561", "name": "item", "description": "3091208561", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3091208561"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3217588385", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-22", "title": "Assimilation of SMAP disaggregated soil moisture and Landsat land surface temperature to improve FAO-56 estimates of ET in semi-arid regions", "description": "Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is of crucial importance in water science and hydrological process understanding especially in semi-arid/arid areas since ET represents more than 85% of the total water budget. FAO-56 is one of the widely used formulations to estimate the actual crop evapotranspiration (ET c act) due to its operational nature and since it represents a reasonable compromise between simplicity and accuracy. In this vein, the objective of this paper was to examine the possibility of improving ET c act estimates through remote sensing data assimilation. For this purpose, remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) and Land surface temperature (LST) data were simultaneously assimilated into FAO-dualK c. Surface SM observations were assimilated into the soil evaporation (E s) component through the soil evaporation coefficient, and LST data were assimilated into the actual crop transpiration (T c act) component through the crop stress coefficient. The LST data were used to estimate the water stress coefficient (K s) as a proxy of LST (LST proxy). The FAO-Ks was corrected by assimilating LST proxy derived from Landsat data based on the variances of predicted errors on K s estimates from FAO-56 model and thermal-derived K s. The proposed approach was tested over a semi-arid area in Morocco using first, in situ data collected during 2002-2003 and 2015-2016 wheat growth seasons over two different fields and then, remotely sensed data derived from disaggregated Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM and Landsat-LST sensors were used. Assimilating SM data leads to an improvement of the ET c act model prediction: the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 0.98 to 0.65 mm/day compared to the classical FAO-dualK c using in situ SM. Moreover, assimilating both in situ SM and LST data provided more accurate results with a RMSE error of 0.55 mm/day. By using SMAP-based SM and Landsat-LST, results also improved in comparison with standard FAO and reached a RMSE of 0.73 mm/day against eddy-covariance ET c act measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Evapotranspiration", "550", "Evapotranspiration Data assimilation FAO-dualK c Soil moisture Land surface temperature", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "FAO-dualK(c)", "13. Climate action", "Data assimilation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Land surface temperature"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3217588385"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3217588385", "name": "item", "description": "3217588385", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3217588385"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "50|od______2755::b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:28:26Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Solute Front Shear and Coalescence Control Concentration Gradient Dynamics in Porous Micromodel", "description": "In subsurface environments, incomplete mixing at the pore scale limits reaction rates, rendering their prediction by Darcy-scale models challenging. Such pore scale concentration gradients are enhanced by the deformation of solute fronts and decay under the action of molecular diffusion and solute filament merging. It is currently unclear how these processes govern concentration gradient dynamics under different flow rates. We measure experimentally pore scale concentrations in solute fronts transported in a two-dimensional porous micromodel over an extensive range of flow rates. We demonstrate that pore-scale shear flow increases concentration gradients up to a time predicted by the lamellar mixing theory in shear flow. However, the flow rate-dependency of the mean concentration gradient at this so-called mixing time is weaker than predicted theoretically, a discrepancy which we explain quantitatively by accounting for lamellae aggregation. These findings shed new light on the pore-scale mechanisms driving mixing dynamics in porous media.", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Borgman, Oshri, Turuban, R\u00e9gis, G\u00e9raud, Baudouin, Le Borgne, Tanguy, M\u00e9heust, Yves,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/50|od______2755::b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "50|od______2755::b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441", "name": "item", "description": "50|od______2755::b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/50|od______2755::b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "95bbda3cd82a472b0b76cd74b83bd89c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:29:30Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Implementing a new texture-based soil evaporation reduction coefficient in the FAO 2Kc method", "description": "International audience", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Amazirh, Abdelhakim, Merlin, Olivier, Er-Raki, Salah, Bouras, Elhoussaine, Chehbouni, Abdelghani,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/95bbda3cd82a472b0b76cd74b83bd89c"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "95bbda3cd82a472b0b76cd74b83bd89c", "name": "item", "description": "95bbda3cd82a472b0b76cd74b83bd89c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/95bbda3cd82a472b0b76cd74b83bd89c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "b6dbd7cf6b0a7e7c60939d781139d441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:31:29Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Solute Front Shear and Coalescence Control Concentration Gradient Dynamics in Porous Micromodel", "description": "In subsurface environments, incomplete mixing at the pore scale limits reaction rates, rendering their prediction by Darcy-scale models challenging. Such pore scale concentration gradients are enhanced by the deformation of solute fronts and decay under the action of molecular diffusion and solute filament merging. It is currently unclear how these processes govern concentration gradient dynamics under different flow rates. We measure experimentally pore scale concentrations in solute fronts transported in a two-dimensional porous micromodel over an extensive range of flow rates. We demonstrate that pore-scale shear flow increases concentration gradients up to a time predicted by the lamellar mixing theory in shear flow. However, the flow rate-dependency of the mean concentration gradient at this so-called mixing time is weaker than predicted theoretically, a discrepancy which we explain quantitatively by accounting for lamellae aggregation. 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