{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-27", "title": "Pyrosequencing Reveals Profiles Of Soil Bacterial Communities After 12 Years Of Conservation Management On Irrigated Crop Rotations", "description": "Abstract   Potato and sugar beet, which are widely grown in southern Alberta, may degrade soil quality because they return little C to the soil, and their harvesting methods cause soil disturbance that increases erosion risk. To reverse these effects, a 12-yr study was established to evaluate soil conservation (CONS) management systems for rotations that included potato, sugar beet, dry bean and wheat. These systems, comprising addition of feedlot manure compost, reduced tillage, diverse crop rotations and use of cover crops, were applied to 3- to 5-yr crop rotations. They were compared with conventional (CONV) management systems that did not have any of the CONS practices. In the final year of the study, pyrosequencing was used to determine differences in soil bacterial community profiles between the two systems (CONS vs. CONV) in wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil. Thirteen phyla were observed, and the most abundant were Proteobacteria (39.6%), Actinobacteria (19.1%) and Acidobacteria (14.9%). Soil bacterial \u03b1-diversity increased under CONS relative to CONV management. However, whereas the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were greater under CONS than CONV management, the reverse was observed for Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes. Proteobacteria were also more abundant under CONS than CONV management, but only in bulk soil. The community structures of the bacterial communities were in agreement with the differences in relative abundances. These differences were consistent with the ecological classification of soil bacteria as copiotrophic or oligotrophic. Therefore, CONS management systems altered the soil bacterial community profiles and increased the productivity of these soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-30", "title": "Direct Emission Factor For No From Rice\u2013Winter Wheat Rotation Systems In Southeast China", "description": "Abstract   A field experiment was conducted in a rice\u2013winter wheat rotation agroecosystem to quantify the direct emission of N 2 O for synthetic N fertilizer and crop residue application in the 2002\u20132003 annual cycle. There was an increase in N 2 O emission accompanying synthetic N fertilizer application. Fertilizer-induced emission factor for N 2 O (FIE) averaged 1.08% for the rice season, 1.49% for the winter wheat season and 1.26% for the whole annual rotation cycle. The annual background emission of N 2 O totaled 4.81\u00a0kg N 2 O\u2013N\u00a0ha \u22121 , consisting of 1.24\u00a0kg N 2 O\u2013N\u00a0ha \u22121  for rice, 3.11\u00a0kg N 2 O\u2013N\u00a0ha \u22121  for wheat seasons. When crop residue and synthetic N fertilizer were both applied in the fields, crop residue-induced emission factor for N 2 O (RIE) was estimated as well. When crop residue was retained at the rate of 2.25 and 4.50\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for each season, the RIE averaged 0.64% and 0.27% for the whole annual rotation cycle, respectively. Based on available multi-year data of N 2 O emissions over the whole rice\u2013wheat rotation cycle at 3 sites in southeast China, the FIE averaged 1.02% for the rice season, 1.65% for the wheat season. On the whole annual cycle, the FIE for N 2 O ranged from 1.05% to 1.45%, with an average of 1.25%. Annual background emission of N 2 O averaged 4.25\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 , ranging from 3.62 to 4.87\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 . It is estimated that annual N 2 O emission in paddy rice-based agroecosystem amounts to 169\u00a0Gg N 2 O\u2013N in China, accounting for 26\u201360% of the reported estimates of total emission from croplands in China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-13", "title": "Soil Bacterial Community Responses To Black Medic Cover Crop And Fertilizer N Under No-Till", "description": "Abstract   A black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) cover crop produces a persistent seed bank and self-reseeds each year in North America, but its effects on soil microbial communities are not clear. A field trial was established in 2003 with the following experimental treatments: (a) black medic or no medic, (b) a 3-year crop rotation of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)-oats (Avena sativa L.)-winter wheat (Sativum aestavum L.), and (c) fertilizer N applied to the rotation crops at three rates: 20, 60 and 100% of the recommended N based on soil testing. In 2011, soil bacterial communities were characterized by pyrosequencing. Black medic increased Shannon and Simpson indices of diversity, and both indices increased linearly with increasing N rate. Sixteen phyla were observed and the most abundant (in bulk soil and rhizosphere, respectively) were: Actinobacteria (39.6 and 37.0%), Proteobacteria (34.0 and 32.9%), Acidobacteria (10.8 and 13.8%) and Bacteroidetes (6.2 and 6.7%). Black medic increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, but decreased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in bulk soil, and Acidobacteria in the rhizosphere. Bacteroidetes increased, but Actinobacteria decreased, with increasing fertilizer N rate in bulk soil. Therefore, the two predominant soil bacterial phyla, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, had opposite responses to black medic and fertilizer N, presumably due to differences in their ecological classifications. Soil bacterial community structures were shaped by medic. The bacterial phyla in bulk soil that were most associated with medic treatments included Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and those associated with no-medic treatments included Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. The rotation crop effects were inconsistent. However, fertilizer N suppressed medic growth, so a black medic cover crop in this semi-arid region would be beneficial only in low-N or organic farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-16", "title": "Seasonal Changes Of Soil Microbial C, N, P And Associated Nutrient Dynamics In A Semiarid Grassland Of North China", "description": "Abstract   Semiarid grasslands are widely distributed in northern China and characterized by marked seasonality. While the role of soil microbes in nutrient cycling is known to be crucial, the nutrient dynamics in relation to changes and turnover of microbial pools over the growth season in semiarid grasslands, are not well understood. In this study, three grasslands with long-term traditional managements (enclosure from sheep grazing for 31 or 18\u202fyears, or continuous free overgrazing) were selected to investigate the seasonal fluctuations of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP). In addition we calculated the turnover rates and fluxes of soil microbial biomass based on their seasonal fluctuations. Plant biomass and N, P uptakes were also assessed to reveal a potential relationship between plant and microbial nutrient pools. We found in this semiarid ecosystem approximately two times lower C:P and N:P ratios in microbial biomass (25:1 and 3:1, respectively) compared with global analysis (46:1 and 6:1, respectively). Enclosure from grazing increased MBC and MBN, while the change patterns of microbial pools were affected by season but not pasture management. Consequently, the turnover rates of microbial biomass as calculated from the seasonal fluctuations were similar in all treatments (around 1.5\u202fyear\u22121 for MBC and MBN, 3\u202fyear\u22121 for MBP). Lower mean stock in soil K2SO4-extractable N but similar in MBN compared with total plant N uptake were observed in all treatments, suggesting N deficiency in this region and the vital role soil microbes play as a stable nutrient pool for plant uptake. In contrast, both NaHCO3-extractable P and MBP stocks were much higher than total plant P uptake, suggesting no P deficiency under current N status.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xuejiao Chen, Xiaorong Zhao, Hao Chen, Qimei Lin, Guitong Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.04.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-02", "title": "Soil management intensity shifts microbial catabolic profiles across a range of European long-term field experiments", "description": "Assessing soil microbial functionality has the potential to reveal meaningful effects of soil management on soil processes influencing soil quality. We used MicroResp\u2122 to assess microbial respiration upon the addition of six carbon substrates (glucose, alanine, aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and lignin). From this, we calculated the multiple substrate induced respiration (MSIR), the microbial catabolic profile expressed as absolute and relative utilization rate, and the Shannon microbial functional diversity index (H\u2032). We tested the effect of tillage (reduced vs. conventional) and organic matter addition (high vs. low) on these microbial parameters in soil from 10 European long-term field experiments (LTEs), and investigated their relationships with labile organic carbon fractions and various soil parameters linked to soil functions. Reduced tillage and high organic matter input increased MSIR compared to conventional tillage and low organic matter input. In addition, reduced tillage resulted in a small but significant increase in functional diversity compared to conventional tillage. An increase in soil management intensity (CT-Low > CT-High > RT-Low > RT-High) was associated with lower utilization of all the substrates expressed as absolute utilization rate, and a proportionately higher utilization of alpha-ketoglutaric acid compared to the other substrates. More intensive management systems also showed lower soil quality as measured by various soil parameters, in particular total and labile organic carbon, basal respiration, and microbial biomass nitrogen. The present work shows for the first time the key role of labile organic carbon, as affected by soil management, in determining microbial functional diversity. Aggregating results from 10 European arable LTEs, making use of a comprehensive dataset, MicroResp\u2122 showed that reduced tillage and increased organic matter addition created a more favourable habitat for the microbial community to utilize different carbon substrates and, thereby, the potential for nutrient cycling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "MicroResp\u2122", "Microbial functional diversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Community level physiological profiling", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "Structural equation modelling", "13. Climate action", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-01-27", "title": "Change In Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In Soil Under 13 Years Of Conventional Or Zero Tillage In Southern Brazil", "description": "The objective of this study was to determine in a long-term experiment (13 years) the effect of three different crop rotations (R1: wheat (Triticum aestivum)\u2013soybean (Glycine max), R2: wheat\u2013soybean\u2013vetch (Vicia villosa)\u2013maize (Zea mays), and R3: wheat\u2013soybean\u2013oat (Avena sativa)\u2013soybean\u2013vetch\u2013maize) under zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) on the stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) in a clayey Oxisol soil of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. At the end of 13 years, soil samples were taken to a depth of 100 cm, and analysed for bulk density, chemical composition and 13 C natural abundance. Under a continuous sequence of wheat (winter) and soybean (summer) the stock of soil organic C to 100 cm depth under ZT (168 Mg ha \u22121 ) was not significantly different (LSD at P = 0.05 of 11 Mg ha \u22121 ) to that under CT (168 Mg ha \u22121 ). However, in the rotations with vetch planted as a winter green-manure crop (R2 and R3), soil C stocks were approximately 17 Mg ha \u22121 higher under ZT than under CT. Between 46 and 68% of this difference occurred at 30\u201385 cm depth. The 13 C abundance data indicated that under ZT the decomposition of the original native SOM was not affected by the different composition of crops in the different rotations, but under CT the rotations R2 and R3, which included vetch and maize, stimulated the decay of the original native SOM compared to the continuous wheat/soybean sequence (R1). It appears that the contribution of N2 fixation by the leguminous green manure (vetch) in the cropping system was the principal factor responsible for the observed C accumulation in the soil under ZT, and that most accumulated C was derived from crop roots. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Soil nutrients", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Carbon-13", "Green manure crops", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "Zero tillage", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage", "Tillage methods", "Brazil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sisti, C. P. J., dos Santos, H. P., Kohhann, R., Alves, B. J. R., Urquiaga, S., Boddey, R. M.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103473", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-31", "title": "Earthworm abundance and functional group diversity regulate plant litter decay and soil organic carbon level: A global meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   A previous review of earthworm impacts on greenhouse-gas emissions concluded that earthworms elevated soil CO2 emissions with no apparent influence on soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in laboratory incubations and in agroecosystems. This conclusion suggests that the elevated soil CO2 emissions may come from enhanced plant litter decomposition. Despite the known important role of earthworms on regulating ecosystem processes, a quantitative analysis of the relationship between earthworms and decomposition in global terrestrial ecosystems is still missing. Here, we present a quantitative synthesis of earthworm effects on plant litter decomposition and SOC based on 340 observations from 69 independent studies. We found a positive correlation between earthworm density and the rate of plant litter decay, and that the presence of earthworms doubled the amount of litter mass loss on average. The presence of all three (anecic, epigeic and endogeic) earthworm functional groups was associated with higher litter mass loss than when either one or two functional groups were present. Anecic earthworms caused the strongest effect on litter mass loss, followed by epigeic earthworms, and there was no apparent influence by endogeic worms. Although the effect of earthworms on SOC was not significant based on all observations, the presence of any two of the three functional groups alone or two (epigeic and endogeic, or anecic and endogeic) and three (anecic, epigeic and endogeic) functional groups together decreased SOC concentrations. Our results indicate that the effect of earthworms on litter and SOC decay depends strongly on earthworm functional groups and diversity, and that a high diversity of earthworm functional groups accelerates litter mass loss and SOC decay. We anticipate that changes in land management practices are likely to alter ecosystem carbon cycling through alteration of earthworm abundance and diversity.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103473"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103473", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103473", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103473"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-19", "title": "Fungal biomass and microbial necromass facilitate soil carbon sequestration and aggregate stability under different soil tillage intensities", "description": "The aim of global carbon (C) neutrality brings soils and their potential for C storage into the spotlight. Improved agricultural management techniques such as minimum or no-tillage are thought to foster soil C sequestration. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the inter-relations of soil organic C (SOC), fungal biomass, microbial necromass biomarkers, and aggregate stability in rhizosphere and bulk soil after thirteen years of reduced tillage intensities (reduced, minimum, and no-tillage). Overall, rhizosphere and bulk soil were indifferent in their response to reduced tillage. Reducing tillage intensity increased SOC and nitrogen stocks and dissolved organic C contents in the following order: minimum > no-tillage > reduced > conventional. Aggregate stability showed the strongest increase under no-tillage. Interestingly, ergosterol contents were highest under reduced and minimum tillage followed by no-tillage. The amino sugars muramic acid, galactosamine, and glucosamine \u2013 proxies for soil microbial-derived necromass \u2013 showed similar increases under all three tillage reduction systems. Structural equation modelling revealed that increased dissolved organic C contents under reduced tillage intensity facilitated SOC sequestration and aggregate stability through enhanced fungal biomass to necromass turnover. Thus, reducing soil tillage intensity is a valuable tool to facilitate microbial growth and hence to increase SOC sequestration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104599"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104599", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104599", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104599"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-28", "title": "Measurements Of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Vegetable Production In China", "description": "Abstract   Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions resulting from Chinese vegetable production were measured. A site in suburban Nanjing (East coast; Jiangsu Province) was monitored from November 2001 to January 2003, in which five consecutive vegetable crops were sown. The crops consisted of radish, baby bok choy, lettuce, second planting of baby bok choy, and finally celery. Results suggested that N2O emission events occur in pulses. The average N2O-N flux for all five crops was 148\u00b19\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and the average emission rate was 12\u00b10.7\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. The average seasonal emission fluxes ranged from 37\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in the radish plot to 300\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 in the celery plot. The celery field produced the greatest cumulative emission of 5.8\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 while the baby bok choy field had the lowest rate of 0.96\u20131.0\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. In total, 0.73% of applied fertilizer N was emitted as N2O-N as a whole. The lettuce field had the largest emission factor of 2.2%. Results indicate that emissions from vegetable field are a potential source of national N2O inventory.  Temporal variation is much greater than spatial variation and the corresponding CV averaged 115% and 22%, respectively. Under the same total sampling quantity, increasing sampling frequency is more important than increasing spatial replicates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yingxin Xie, Guangxi Xing, Chris Butenhoff, Zhaoliang Zhu, Zhengqin Xiong, Zhengqin Xiong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-24", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Two Brazilian Cerrado Soils Under No-Till", "description": "Abstract   A considerable proportion of the 200 million hectares of the Brazilian Cerrado is suitable for annual crops but little is known about the effects of tillage on the C dynamics of Cerrado soils. We evaluated the role of two representative Cerrado Oxisols (350 and 650\u00a0g clay\u00a0kg\u22121) as sources or sinks of atmospheric C when managed under three tillage systems (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-till (NT)) in 8- and 5-year long-term experiments. A literature review was also carried out and the mean C sequestration rates in no-till soils of tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil were calculated and compared with values for soils from temperate regions of the world. The original C stocks in 0\u201320\u00a0cm layer of soils under native Cerrado were higher in the clayey (54.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) than in the sandy clay loam soil (35.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121), suggesting a higher physical stability of organic matter associated with variable clay minerals in the clayey Oxisol. The original C stocks of the native Cerrado soils appear not to have decreased after 23 years of conventional tillage in the sandy clay loam Oxisol, except when the soil had been subjected to erosion (15% loss of C), or after 25 years in the clayey Oxisol. Compared to conventionally tilled soil, the C stocks in no-till sandy clay loam Oxisol increased by 2.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (C sequestration rate\u00a0=\u00a00.30\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) and in the clayey Oxisol by 3.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (C sequestration rate\u00a0=\u00a00.60\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). The mean rate of C sequestration in the no-till Brazilian tropical soils was estimated to be 0.35\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, similar to the 0.34\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 reported for soils from temperate regions but lower than the 0.48\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 estimated for southern Brazilian subtropical soils. Considering the large area (about 70 million hectares) of the Cerrado which is currently used and potentially available for cropland, the adoption of no-till systems could turn the Cerrado soils into a significant sink for atmospheric C and contribute to the mitigation of global climate change.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Tropical zones", "Soil organic matter", "Conservation agriculture", "Sustainable agriculture", "No-till", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem Field Scale", "Tropical soils", "13. Climate action", "C sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Conservation tillage", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-18", "title": "Global Warming Potential Of Manure Amended Soils Under Rice-Wheat System In The Indo-Gangetic Plains", "description": "Abstract   Use of organic amendments such as farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM) and crop residues is important to improve soil health and reduce the dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizer. However, these organic amendments also effect the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from soil. Influence of different organic amendments on emissions of GHG from soil and their global warming potential (GWP) was studied in a field experiment in rice\u2013wheat cropping system of Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). There was 28% increase in CH4 emissions on addition of 25% N through Sesbania GM along with urea compared to urea alone. Substitution of 100% inorganic N by organic sources lead to a 60% increase in CH4 emissions. The carbon equivalent emission from rice\u2013wheat systems varied between 3816 and 4886\u00a0kg C equivalent\u00a0ha\u22121 depending upon fertilizer and organic amendment. GWP of rice\u2013wheat system increased by 28% on full substitution of organic N by chemical N. However, the C efficiency ratios of the GM and crop residue treatments were at par with the recommended inorganic fertilizer treatment. Thus use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizer increases the GWP of the rice\u2013wheat system but may improve the soil fertility status without adversely affecting the C efficiency ratio. However, the trade-off between improved yield and soil health versus GHG emissions should be taken into account while promoting the practice of farming with organic residues substitution for mineral fertilizer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P. K. Singh, Niveta Jain, Arti Bhatia, Himanshu Pathak, Ashok Kumar Singh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-27", "title": "Seasonal Soil And Leaf Co2 Exchange Rates In A Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest And Their Responses To Drought Conditions", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Foliar net photosynthetic rates", "Drought", "Soil VOC exchange", "Microorganisms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil CO2 flux", "Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Mediterranean holm oak forest", "13. Climate action", "Soil CO2 exchange", "Monoterpenes", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "title": "Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide Emission From Hungarian Forest Soils; Linked With Atmospheric N-Deposition", "description": "<p>Abstract. Studies of forest nitrogen (N) budgets generally measure inputs to the atmosphere in wet and dry precipitation and outputs via hydrologic export. Although denitrification has been shown to be important in many wetland ecosystems, emission of nitrogen oxides from forest soils is an important, and often overlooked, component of an ecosystem nitrogen budget. During one year (2002-2003), emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured from Sessile oak and Norway spruce forest soils in northeast Hungary. Accumulation in small static chambers followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection was used for the estimation of N2O emission flux. Because there are rapid chemical reactions of NO and ozone, small dynamic chambers were used for in situ NO flux measurements. Average soil emissions of NO were 1.2 and 2.1 \uffc2\uffb5gNm-2h-1, and for N2O were 15 and 20 \uffc2\uffb5gNm-2h-1, for spruce and oak soils, respectively. The previously determined nitrogen balance between the atmosphere and the forest ecosystem was re-calculated using these soil emission figures. The total (dry + wet) atmospheric N-deposition to the soil was 1.42 and 1.59gNm-2yr-1 for spruce and oak, respectively, while the soil emissions are 0.14 and 0.20 gNm-2yr-1. Thus, about 10-13% of N compounds deposited to the soil, mostly as NH3/NH4+ and HNO3/NO3-, are transformed in the soil and emitted back to the atmosphere, mostly as a greenhouse gas (N2O).                         </p>", "keywords": ["[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-21", "title": "N2o Emission From The Semi-Arid Ecosystem Under Mineral Fertilizer (Urea And Superphosphate) And Increased Precipitation In Northern China", "description": "Abstract   Soil management and climate change affect N 2 O emission significantly. The semi-arid grassland in northern China is under strong anthropogenic disturbance (fertilization and land use) and toward a 30% increase in precipitation in future. To investigate their impacts on N 2 O emission, N 2 O fluxes were measured monthly in the grassland and abandoned cropland under mineral fertilizer (urea and superphosphate) and increased precipitation during the growing season. During the measured period, WFPS (water filled pore space) from all the treatments never exceeded 70%, suggesting that nitrification was the predominant source of N 2 O for all the treatments. Increased precipitation induced an additional growing season emission of 0.28\u20130.30\u00a0kg\u00a0N 2 O-N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 . N 2 O emission increased linearly with nitrogen application rate and emission factors (EFs) for grassland and abandoned cropland averaged 0.35% and 0.52%, respectively. Superphosphate addition induced N 2 O emission from abandoned cropland ( P  P >0.05). Despite of substantial differences in soil properties, N 2 O emissions were not significantly different between the grassland and abandoned cropland ( P >0.05). Increased precipitation and nitrogen application at 15\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0y \u22121  across the grassland and abandoned cropland of northern China will increase the growing season emissions of 71.4\u201376.5 and 139.23\u00a0Gg\u00a0N 2 O-N into atmosphere annually. These increased emissions are about 40% and 75% of the annual emission of 186.15\u00a0Gg\u00a0N 2 O-N from untreated soils, respectively. Therefore, in the temperate semi-arid ecosystem, abandoned cropland does not constitute a potent source for increasing N 2 O while the effect of nitrogen fertilization and increased precipitation cannot be neglected from the regional or national emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-14", "title": "Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides And Ammonia From A Maize Field In The North China Plain", "description": "The exchange fluxes of nitrous oxide (N(2)O), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and ammonia (NH(3)) from a maize field with three different treatments were simultaneously measured using static and dynamic chambers in the North China Plain (NCP) from June 28 to October 11, 2009. The three treatments included control plot (CK, without crop, fertilization and irrigation), fertilizer N plot (NP) and wheat straw returning plus fertilizer N plot (SN). N-fertilizer application greatly stimulated the emissions of N(2)O, NO(x) and NH(3), with durations of about 10 days for N(2)O and NO, and about 7 days for NH(3). Fertilizer loss rates were 1.08% (NP plot) and 1.20% (SN plot) as N(2)O-N, were 1.93% (NP plot) and 0.76% (SN plot) as NO-N, and were 5.24% (NP plot) and 3.03% (SN plot) as NH(3)-N. In comparison with the NP plot, the significant low fertilizer loss rates as NO-N and NH(3)-N from the SN plot indicated that the wheat straw returning to the field could reduce NO(x) and NH(3) emissions. The molar ratio of NO/N(2)O was greater than unity for most data during the pulse emission periods induced by fertilization, and thus, nitrification was the dominant process for N(2)O and NO emissions during these periods. Considering the significant amount (g80%) of N(2)O and NOx emissions occurred during the pulse emission periods, the emissions of NO(x) and N(2)O from the investigated field were mainly ascribed to nitrification process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Junfeng Liu, Yujing Mu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiaoxiu Lun, Shuwei Pei, Fahe Chai,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-23", "title": "Effect Of Exogenous Phosphorus Addition On Soil Respiration In Calamagrostis Angustifolia Freshwater Marshes Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Anthropogenic activities have increased phosphorus (P) inputs to wetland ecosystems. However, little is known about the effect of P enrichment on soil respiration in these ecosystems. To understand the effect of P enrichment on soil respiration, we conducted a field experiment in  Calamagrostis angustifolia -dominated freshwater marshes, the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. We investigated soil respiration in the first growing season after P addition at four rates (0, 1.2, 4.8 and 9.6\u00a0g\u00a0P\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0year \u22121 ). In addition, we also examined aboveground biomass, soil labile C fractions (dissolved organic C, DOC; microbial biomass C, MBC; easily oxidizable C, EOC) and enzyme activities (invertase, urease and acid phosphatase activities) following one year of P addition. P addition decreased soil respiration during the growing season. Dissolved organic C in soil pore water increased after P addition at both 5 and 15\u00a0cm depths. Moreover, increased P input generally inhibited soil MBC and enzyme activities, and had no effects on aboveground biomass and soil EOC. Our results suggest that, in the short-term, soil respiration declines under P enrichment in  C. angustifolia -dominated freshwater marshes of Northeast China, and its extent varies with P addition levels.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-10", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rape Field As Affected By Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: A Case Study In Central China", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils are one of the major sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. Red soil, one of the typical agricultural soils in sub-tropical China, plays an important role in the global N2O flux emissions. To determine its N mineralization potential, a field study was conducted to assess the effect of application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in a rape field under red soil at the experimental station of Heshengqiao at Xianning, Hubei, China. To estimate N-induced N2O flux, we examined N2O flux during the growth stages of the rape field including four treatments: fertilizer PK (N0), fertilizer NPK (60\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) (N1), fertilizer NPK (120\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) (N2), fertilizer NPK (240\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) (N3). There were distinct variations in soil N2O fluxes (from 0.16 to 0.90\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), with higher values being observed during the spring and autumn while low values were observed during winter season. Among different treatments, N\u00a0fertilization significantly increased the N2O fluxes, with highest fluxes from N3 while lowest values being observed from N0 treatment. This suggested increased microbial activity in response to increased N fertilizer application. It was interesting to note that fertilizer-induced emissions decreased as the applied fertilizer amount was increased. During the whole growing season, N2O flux did not correlate with soil temperature, but it significantly correlated to other environmental variables; water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil NO3\u2212\u2013N and NH4+\u2013N contents, which suggests the need for efficient water use and low inorganic nitrogen fertilizer management practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-09", "title": "Treated Domestic Sewage Irrigation Significantly Decreased The Ch4, N2o And Nh3 Emissions From Paddy Fields With Straw Incorporation", "description": "Abstract   Straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation have been recommended as an environmentally friendly agricultural practice and are widely used not only in China but also in other countries. The individual effects on yield and environmental impacts have been studied extensively, but the comprehensive effect when straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation are combined together has seldom been reported. This study was conducted to examine the effects of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on rice yields, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3) volatilization from paddy fields from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the rice yield was not affected by the irrigation water sources and straw returning under the same total N input, which was similar in both years. Due to the rich N in the domestic sewage, domestic sewage irrigation could reduce approximately 45.2% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer input without yield loss. Compared to straw removal treatments, straw returning significantly increased the CH4 emissions by approximately 7\u20139-fold under domestic sewage irrigation and 13\u201314-fold under tap water irrigation. Straw returning also increased the N2O emissions under the two irrigation water types. In addition, the seasonal NH3 volatilization loss was significantly increased by 88.8% and 61.2% under straw returning compared to straw removal in 2015 and 2016, respectively. However, domestic sewage irrigation could decrease CH4 emissions by 24.5\u201326.6%, N2O emissions by 37.0\u201339.0% and seasonal NH3 volatilization loss by 27.2\u201328.3% under straw returning compared to tap water irrigation treatments. Global warming potentials (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensities (GHGI) were significantly increased with straw returning compared with those of straw removal, while they were decreased by domestic sewage irrigation under straw returning compared to tap water irrigation. Significant interactions between straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on NH3 volatilization loss, CH4 and N2O emissions were observed. The results indicate that domestic sewage irrigation combined with straw returning could be an environmentally friendly and resource-saving agricultural management measure for paddy fields with which to reduce the chemical N input, GHG emissions, and NH3 volatilization loss while maintaining high rice productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pengfu Hou, Shanshan Xu, Lihong Xue, Shaohua Wang, Linzhang Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-01", "title": "Soil Co2 Fluxes From Direct Seeding Rice Fields Under Two Tillage Practices In Central China", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural practices affect the production and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from paddy soils. It is crucial to understand the effects of tillage and N fertilization on soil CO2 flux and its influencing factors for a better comprehension of carbon dynamics in subtropical paddy ecosystems. A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no-tillage [NT]) and N fertilization (0 and 210\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) on soil CO2 fluxes during the 2008 and 2009 rice growing seasons in central China. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices as the main plot and N fertilizer level as the split-plot treatment. The soil CO2 fluxes were measured 24 times in 2008 and 17 times in 2009. N fertilization did not affect soil CO2 emissions while tillage affected soil CO2 emissions, where NT had similar soil CO2 emissions to CT in 2008, but in 2009, NT significantly increased soil CO2 emissions. Cumulative CO2 emissions were 2079\u20132245\u00a0kg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0ha\u22121 from NT treatments, and 2084\u20132141\u00a0kg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0ha\u22121 from CT treatments in 2008, and were 1257\u20131401\u00a0kg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0ha\u22121 from NT treatments, and 1003\u20131034\u00a0kg\u00a0CO2\u2013C\u00a0ha\u22121 from CT treatments in 2009, respectively. Cumulative CO2 emissions were significantly related to aboveground biomass and soil organic C. Before drainage of paddy fields, soil CO2 fluxes were significantly related to soil temperature with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.67\u20130.87 in 2008 and 0.69\u20130.85 in 2009; moreover, the Q10 values ranged from 1.28 to 1.55 and from 2.10 to 5.21 in 2009, respectively. Our results suggested that NT rice production system appeared to be ineffective in decreasing carbon emission, which suggested that CO2 emissions from integrated rice-based system should be taken into account to assess effects of tillage.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-05", "title": "Effect Of Ammonium-Based, Non-Sulfate Fertilizers On Ch4 Emissions From A Paddy Field With A Typical Chinese Water Management Regime", "description": "Abstract   The effects of ammonium-based, non-sulfate fertilizers, such as urea and/or ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), on methane (CH4) emissions from paddy rice fields deserve attention, as they are being used increasingly for rice cultivation. A four-year field campaign was conducted in the Yangtze River Delta from 2004 to 2007 to assess the effects of different application rates of urea plus NH4H2PO4 on the CH4 emissions from a paddy rice field. The experimental field was under a typical Chinese water regime that follows a flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding-moist irrigation mode. Over the course of four years, the mean cumulative CH4 emissions during the rice seasons were 221, 136 and 112\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for nitrogen addition rates of 0, 150 and 250\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Compared to the treatment without nitrogen amendments, the 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 decreased the CH4 emissions by 6\u201359% (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Intermittent irrigation", "13. Climate action", "Paddy field", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen fertilizer", "Methane", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Effect Of Water Addition And The Urease Inhibitor Nbpt On The Abatement Of Ammonia Emission From Surface Applied Urea", "description": "Abstract   Urea is considered the cheapest and most commonly used form of inorganic N fertiliser worldwide. However, it has been estimated that 5\u201330% of the urea N is lost as volatilised NH3. Implementation of NH3 mitigation strategies is crucial in order to reduce both the economic and environmental impact associated with NH3 losses from urea application. Urease activity inhibitors and water addition to the soil have been proposed by UNECE (i.e. Gothenburg Protocol) as means to reduce NH3 emission from fertiliser applications. In this study, two field experiments were carried out in order to test the effectiveness of water addition as NH3 mitigation technique from surface applied urea in comparison with the use of the urease inhibitor NBPT. A system of wind tunnels was used to measure NH3 fluxes. Contrasting irrigation strategies (or rainfall patterns), in terms of both rate and timing, were used in order to evaluate the amount of water necessary to achieve a significant NH3 mitigation. The addition of 7 and 14\u00a0mm of water to the soil, immediately after urea spreading, reduced NH3 emission by 77 and 89%, respectively, similar to that achieved using NBPT (77\u201388% reduction). In contrast, a simulated 3\u00a0mm rainfall, immediately after fertilising, significantly enhanced NH3 volatilisation (with an 8% increase in emission compared to urea application without water addition). These results demonstrate the potential of correct water management in abating NH3 volatilisation from urea applications to soil, giving a similar effect to that of the urease inhibitor NBPT under the experimental conditions presented here.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-08", "title": "Stratification Ratio Of Soil Organic Matter Pools As An Indicator Of Carbon Sequestration In A Tillage Chronosequence On A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Abstract   Long-term no-tillage (NT) leads to profile stratification of soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) stratification ratio (SR) is an indicator of soil quality. The objective of this report is to assess the feasibility of using SOC-SR as an index for estimating SOC sequestration in NT soils. The effect of a plow tillage (PT) and NT chronosequence on the SR of SOM pools was assessed in an Oxisol in Southern Brazil (50\u00b023\u2032W and 24\u00b036\u2032S). The chronosequence consisted of six sites: (i) native field (NF); (ii) PT of the native field (PNF-1) involving conversion of natural vegetation to cropland; (iii) NT for 10 years (NT-10); (iv) NT for 20 years (NT-20); (v) NT for 22 years (NT-22); (vi) conventional tillage for 22 years (CT-22). Soil samples were collected from four depths (0\u20135\u00a0cm; 5\u201310\u00a0cm; 10\u201320\u00a0cm; 20\u201340\u00a0cm layer) and soil parameters comprised by SOM pools [i.e., C, N, S, particulate organic C (POC), particulate N (PN), stable C (SC) and stable N (SN), microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), basal respiration (BR), dissolved organic C (DOC), total polysaccharides (TP) and labile polysaccharides (LP)] were measured. In undisturbed NF soil, the SR of all parameters increased with increase in soil depth. In contrast, the SR decreased in PT, and the SOM was uniformly distributed in the soil profile. All NT treatments restored the SR, and were characterized with higher values of all measured parameters compared to NF. The SR for SOC ranged from 1.12 to 1.51 for CT-22 compared with 1.64\u20132.61 SR for NT surface and sub-soil layers, respectively. The SR for POC and PN were higher than those for stable C and N. However, SR for the biological pools (e.g., MBC, MBN and BR) were the highest and strongly correlated with the rate of SOC sequestration. An increase in SR of SOC was also positively correlated with the rate and amount of SOC sequestered. Regression analyses indicated a strong correlation between SR of SOC and all parameters monitored in this study. The data showed that the SR of SOC is an efficient indicator of C sequestration in long-term NT management.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Chronosequence", "No-till", "Black oats", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Stratification ratio", "Soil quality", "Lupine", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Som pools", "Oxisols", "Field Scale", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-13", "title": "Seasonal Variation Of Methane Flux From Coastal Saline Rice Field With The Application Of Different Organic Manures", "description": "A field experiment was conducted in an irrigated saline rice field of Gadakujang (a fishing hamlet of coastal Odisha, India, ravaged by the super cyclone of 1999 and cyclone BOB02 of 2006), to study the effects of locally available organic and fresh green manure amendment to the saline soil on methane (CH4) emission during wet and dry seasons using the conventional closed chamber flux measurement method. In a first report of this kind, CH4 emission vis-a-vis yield improvement of rice with different locally available organic manure application from coastal saline rice field soil of Odisha, is reported. The study confirms that CH4 flux from the saline soil planted to rice is significantly lower than that of irrigated inland non-saline rice field during both wet and dry seasons. Cumulative seasonal CH4 flux from different treatments of the coastal saline rice field ranged between 119.51 and 263.60\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 during the wet season and 15.35\u2013100.88\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 during the dry season. Lower CH4 emission during the dry season may be attributed to the increased soil salinity (EC1:2) that went up from 0.76\u00a0dS\u00a0m\u22121 during the wet season to 3.96\u00a0dS\u00a0m\u22121 during the dry season. Annual CH4 emission per Mg grain yield was significantly low from plots treated with locally available green manure Morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa) (17.27) with significantly high rice grain yield. Study indicates that Morning glory may be used as a potential green manure to increase grain yield and reduced CH4 emission from the coastal saline rice ecosystems of the tropics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-16", "title": "Effect Of Inorganic Fertilizers (N, P, K) On Methane Emission From Tropical Rice Field Of India", "description": "Abstract   In the tropical experimental rice field of Central Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India, an experiment was conducted during the dry season (January\u2013April) and wet season (July\u2013November) of rice cultivation to study the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer application on grain yield and methane (CH 4 ) emission. The experiment was carried out with five treatments (No fertilizer (control), N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer, K-fertilizer and N\u00a0+\u00a0P\u00a0+\u00a0K fertilizer) with three replicates of each under a completely randomized block design. Significantly higher CH 4  emission was recorded from all plots during wet season. Among fertilizer applied plots, significantly higher CH 4  emission was recorded from N-fertilizer applied plots (dry season: 80.27\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ; wet season: 451.27\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ), while significantly lower CH 4  emission was recorded from N\u00a0+\u00a0P\u00a0+\u00a0K applied plots (dry season: 34.60\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ; wet season: 233.66\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Low cumulative CH 4  emission to grain yield ratio was recorded from N\u00a0+\u00a0P\u00a0+\u00a0K applied plots during both seasons (83.57\u00a0kg\u00a0Mg \u22121  grain yield during dry season and 77.14\u00a0kg\u00a0Mg \u22121  grain yield during wet season). CH 4  emission from different treatment was positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon ( r \u00a0=\u00a00.516), readily mineralizable carbon ( r \u00a0=\u00a00.621) and sugar ( r \u00a0=\u00a00.340) content of the soil. Negative CH 4  emission was recorded during the fallow period which may be attributed to higher methanotrophic bacterial population. Study suggests that the effects of P and K-fertilizer on CH 4  emission from rice field along with the CH 4  emission during the fallow period need to be considered to reduce the uncertainty in upscaling process.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tapan Kumar Adhya, Arindam Datta, Arindam Datta, Subhas Chandra Santra,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-02", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Chinese Maize-Wheat Rotation Systems: A 3-Year Field Measurement", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured over a 3-year period (2004-2007) in a long-term experimental field. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the interannual variation of N2O emissions from a maize-wheat rotation, under different fertilizer regimes and to determine the key controlling factors. The study involved four treatments: compost (OM), half compost N plus half inorganic fertilizer-N (HOM), inorganic fertilizer-N (NPK), and control (CK) where no N application. The mean annual N2O emission over a 3-year period was 030 +/- 0.11 kg N2O-N ha(-1) in the CK treatment, but increased to 1.61 +/- 0.10 kg N2O-N ha(-1) in the HOM treatment, 2.13 +/- 0.15 kg N2O-N ha(-1) in the OM treatment, and 2.76 +/- 0.19 kg N2O-N ha(-1) in the NPK treatment. Differences were significant among treatments. The N2O emission factors of the applied OM, NPK and HUM were 0.61 +/- 0.02, 0.82 +/- 0.10 and 0.44 +/- 0.04%, respectively, at a rate of 300 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), indicating that the combined application of compost with inorganic fertilizer significantly reduced N2O emission. Over a maize-wheat rotation year, more than 65% of the annual N2O emission occurred during the maize growing season. There was a large interannual variation in N2O emission in all treatments, albeit not significant either during the maize growing season or at an inter-year scale. This interannual variation was mainly attributable to differences in soil moisture after basal fertilizer application, and irrigation and/or heavy rainfall events immediately following basal fertilization could induce more N2O production than pre-irrigation before plowing. The HOM treatment had higher N fertilizer use efficiency and lowest yield-scaled N2O emissions compared with the OM and NPK treatments. We therefore argue that the combined application of half compost N plus half fertilizer-N will mitigate N2O emissions from soils in the North China plain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.038", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-27", "title": "Emissions Of Ch4 And Co2 From Double Rice Cropping Systems Under Varying Tillage And Seeding Methods", "description": "Abstract   A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]) and seeding methods (transplanting seedlings [TPS] and throwing of seedlings [ST]) on methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from double rice cropping systems in central China. The CH 4  and CO 2  fluxes for early rice ranged from\u00a0\u22122.52\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  to 125.0\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  and from 99.3\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  to 1463.6\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 , respectively, whereas the fluxes for late rice varied from\u00a0\u22127.22\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  to 242.3\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  and from 180.6\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121  to 2219.0\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 , respectively. Compared with NT, CT significantly increased ( P  4  and CO 2  emissions, where the seasonal total CH 4  emissions from the CT treatment were 1.75\u20132.10 times of those from the NT treatment for early rice and 1.64\u20131.79 times for late rice. Moreover, compared with the CT treatment, the NT treatment significantly reduced seasonal total CO 2  emissions by 19%\u201333% for early rice ( P  P  4  and CO 2  emissions. Compared with TPS, ST significantly decreased seasonal total CH 4  and CO 2  emissions by 15%\u201340% ( P  P  P  P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-08", "title": "Contribution Of Grazing To Soil Atmosphere Ch4 Exchange During The Growing Season In A Continental Steppe", "description": "Degradation of steppes induced by overgrazing may affect the uptake of atmospheric methane (CH4 )b y soil sinks. However, uncertainty is associated with the very limited knowledge of gas fluxes in rapidly degrading steppe. In this study, we investigated the effects of grazing on CH4 uptake during the growing season in three types of steppe (meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe and) in Inner Mongolia, China, to quantify and compare CH4 uptake in steppe ecosystems under different grazing management conditions. The CH4 fluxes were measured using an automatic cavity ring-down spectrophotometer at three steppe locations that differed primarily in grazing intensity. The results indicated that steppe soils were CH4 sinks throughout the growing season. CH4 uptake at all sites averaged 7.98 kg CH4-C ha \ufffd 1 yr \ufffd 1 (ranging from 1.53 to 18.74 kg CH4-C ha \ufffd 1 yr \ufffd 1 ), of which approximately 43.8% occurred in the desert steppe. CH4 uptake in the desert steppe increased 20.4% and 51.2% compared with the typical steppe and meadow steppe, respectively. Light grazing (LG) of steppe did not significantly change CH4 uptake compared with un-grazed (UG) steppe, but moderate and heavy grazing (MG, HG) reduced CH4 uptake significantly (by 6.8e37.9%, P < 0.05). These findings imply that reducing the grazing pressure on steppe would help increase the atmospheric CH4 sinks in steppe soils. Our results suggest that HG exerts a considerable negative impact on CH4 uptake in a continental steppe. Further studies involving year-round, intensive measurements of CH4 uptake are needed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "methane", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "climate", "steppes", "01 natural sciences", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tang S, Wang C, Wilkes, Andreas, Zhou P, Jiang Y, Han G, Zhao M, Huang D, Sch\u00f6nbach, P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-13", "title": "Nitrous Oxide And Methane Fluxes From A Rice-Wheat Crop Rotation Under Wheat Residue Incorporation And No-Tillage Practices", "description": "Abstract   Crop residue incorporation and no-tillage are recommended as management practices and are being increasingly adopted in the agricultural sector. However, few studies have assessed the extent to which these practices integrate annual carbon and nitrogen trace gas fluxes and grain yield. We investigated the effect of wheat straw incorporation and no-tillage on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes from a rice\u2013wheat system in southeast China, using year-round field measurements. Compared to the treatment with synthetic nitrogen fertilizers alone, the wheat straw incorporation reduced the N2O emissions by 38% (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-25", "title": "Seasonal Pattern Of Soil Respiration And Gradual Changing Effects Of Nitrogen Addition In A Soil Of The Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China", "description": "Evaluating the responses of soil respiration in desert ecosystems to varying rates of added N is of great significance for understanding their carbon (C) budgets under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. In this study, the diel and seasonal patterns of soil respiration through out the growing season were examined over a three-year period after adding a gradient of N to soil in the Gurbantunggut Desert. N was added at five rates: 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 24.0\u00a0g N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121 (denoted as N0.5, N1, N3, N6 and N24, respectively), plus a control without N addition: N0. Soil respiration showed both a distinct diel and seasonal dynamics. Soil temperature was the dominant factor influencing diel changes in soil respiration. High summer temperatures could reduce soil respiration due to the probable decrease of microbial respiration. Soil moisture was the driving factor that affected the soil respiration seasonal pattern. Precipitation pulses elicited an intense CO2 release after the pulse ceased. Although soil respiration showed an increase with enhancing N rates in the first year, the positive effects of N24 treatments weakened in the second year and became negative, and effectively toxic in the third. The total carbon production in the growing seasons among different N treatments in 2010 and 2011 also followed this model. In addition, soil respiration was also consistent with fine root biomass in the growing seasons. The results indicated that as soil temperature interacted with soil moisture, it affected temporal changes in the soil surface C flux and C sequestration, with C sequestration being affected differently based on the rate of N added and number of exposed years.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-18", "title": "Combined Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization And Biochar On The Net Global Warming Potential, Greenhouse Gas Intensity And Net Ecosystem Economic Budget In Intensive Vegetable Agriculture In Southeastern China", "description": "Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and biochar addition on the net global warming potential (net GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB). These experiments were conducted in an intensive vegetable field with 4 consecutive vegetable crops in 2012 and 2013 in southeastern China. The experiment was conducted with a 32 factorial design in triplicate at N fertilizer rates of 0, 1475, 1967\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 and biochar rates of 0, 20, and 40\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121. Although CH4 emissions were not obviously affected by N fertilization, N2O emissions increased by 27.2\u2013116.2% and the net GWP increased by 30.6\u2013307.2%. Consequently, the GHGI increased significantly, but vegetable yield and the NEEB did not improve. Furthermore, biochar amendments did not significantly influence CH4 emissions, but significantly decreased the N2O emissions by 1.7\u201325.4%, the net GWP by 89.6\u2013700.5%, and the GHGI by 89.5\u2013644.8%. In addition, vegetable yields significantly increased by 2.1\u201374.1%, which improved the NEEB. Thus, N fertilization did not increase vegetable yields or the NEEB. However, N fertilization did increase the net GWP and GHGI. In contrast, biochar additions resulted in lower N2O emissions and net GWP and GHGI, but increased vegetable yield and the NEEB in the intensive vegetable production system. Therefore, appropriate biochar amendment should be studied to combat changing climate and to improve the economic profits of vegetable production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.060", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-23", "title": "Assessing Impacts Of Alternative Fertilizer Management Practices On Both Nitrogen Loading And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Rice Cultivation", "description": "Nitrogen (N) losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from paddy rice fields contaminate water bodies and atmospheric environment. A 2-year (2012\u20132013) field experiment was conducted at a typical paddy rice field in a rural suburb of Shanghai, China. N losses and GHG emissions from the paddy field with alternative fertilizer management practices were simultaneously measured. Four treatments were tested in the experiment: applications of only chemical synthetic fertilizer urea (CT), only organic manure (OT), a combination of the two types of fertilizers (MT) and a control (CK). Results from the field study indicated that CT produced the highest seasonal N loading rate (18.79\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha) and N2O emissions (1.81\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O/ha) but with the lowest seasonal CH4 emissions (69.09\u00a0kg\u00a0CH4/ha). With organic manure applied, MT and OT respectively reduced N loading by 21.86% and 30.41%, reduced N2O emissions by 28.34% and 69.41%, but increased CH4 emissions by 137% and 310% in comparison with CT. However, the net impact of CH4 and N2O emissions on global warming was enhanced when organic manure was applied. In addition, CT and MT produced the optimal rice yield during the experimental period, while OT treatment led to a yield reduction by 9.29% compared with CT. In conclusion, the impacts of alternative fertilizer management practices on ecosystem services ought to be assessed specifically due to the great variations across rice yields, N loss and GHG emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen loss", "Nitrous oxide", "Runoff", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Paddy rice field", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhao, Zheng, Yue, Yubo, Sha, Zhimin, Li, Changsheng, Deng, Jia, Zhang, Hanlin, Gao, Maofang, Cao, Linkui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.060"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.060", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.060", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.060"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-05", "title": "Climate change and N2O emissions from South West England grasslands: A modelling approach", "description": "Abstract   Unravelling the impacts of climate change on agriculture becomes increasingly important, as the rates and magnitude of its effects are accelerating. Current estimates of the consequences of climate change on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remain largely uncertain; there is a need for more consistent and comprehensive assessments of this impact. In this study we explored the implications of two IPCC climate change projections (high and medium emissions scenarios) on N2O emissions from South West England grasslands for the time slices of a baseline, the 2020s, the 2050s and the 2080s, employing a process-based model (SPACSYS). The model was initially calibrated and validated using datasets collected from three grassland sites of the region. Statistical analysis showed that simulated results had no significant total error or bias compared to measured values. We found a consistent increase in N2O emissions of up to 94% under future climate change scenarios compared to those under the baseline, and warming rather than precipitation variability was the overriding factor controlling the N2O rise. Modelling fertilizer forms showed that replacing ammonium-nitrate fertilizers with urea or slurry significantly reduced N2O emissions (c. 30%). Our study highlights the urgent necessity to adopt viable N2O mitigation measures now in order to avoid higher emissions in the future.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-05", "title": "Effects Of Conservation Tillage Practices On Ammonia Emissions From Loess Plateau Rain-Fed Winter Wheat Fields", "description": "Abstract   Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities contribute to air pollution. For the rain-fed winter wheat system in the Loess Plateau there is a lack of information about ammonia emissions. Current study aimed to provide field data on ammonia emissions affected by conservation tillage practices and nitrogen applications. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2011\u20132013 wheat growing seasons followed a split-plot design. Main plots consisted of one conventional tillage (CT, as the control) and five conservation tillage systems, i.e., stalk mulching (SM), film mulching (FM), ridge tillage (RT), ridge tillage with film mulch on the ridge (RTfm), and ridge tillage with film mulch on the ridge and stalk mulch in the furrow (RTfmsm); while subplots consisted of two nitrogen application rates, i.e., 0 and 180\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. Ammonia emissions were measured using an acid trapping method with vented chambers. Results showed ammonia fluxes peaked during the first 10 days after fertilization. On average, nitrogen application increased ammonia emissions by 26.5% (1.31\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121) compared with treatments without nitrogen application (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-22", "title": "Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization And Residue Management Practices On Ammonia Emissions From Subtropical Sugarcane Production", "description": "Abstract   Ammonia (NH3) emission from soil is a loss of nitrogen (N) nutrient for plant production as well as an issue of air quality, due to the fact that it is an active precursor of airborne particulate matters. Ammonia also acts as a secondary source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission when present in the soil. In this study, the impacts of different sources of N fertilizers and harvest residue management schemes on NH3 emissions from sugarcane production were evaluated based on an active chamber method. The field experiment plots consisting of two sources of N fertilizer (urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)) and two common residue management practices, namely residue retained (RR) and residue burned (RB), were established on a Commerce silt loam. The NH3 volatilized following N fertilizer application was collected in an impinger containing diluted citric acid and was subsequently analyzed using ion chromatography. The NH3 loss was primarily found within 3\u20134 weeks after N application. Average seasonal soil NH3 flux was significantly greater in urea plots with NH3-N emission factor (EF) twice or more than in UAN plots (2.4\u20135.6% vs. 1.2\u20131.7%). The RR residue management scheme had much higher NH3 volatilization than the RB treatment regardless of N fertilizer sources, corresponding to generally higher soil moisture levels in the former. Ammonia-N emissions in N fertilizer-treated sugarcane fields increased with increasing soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) up to 45\u201355% observed in the field. Both N fertilizer sources and residue management approaches significantly affected NH3 emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.05.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Microbial Biomass And C And N Mineralization In A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Crop rotation and tillage impact microbial C dynamics, which are important for sequestering C to offset global climate change and to promote sustainable crop production. Little information is available for these processes in tropical/subtropical agroecosystems, which cover vast areas of terrestrial ecosystems. Consequently, a study of crop rotation in combination with no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems was conducted on an Oxisol (Typic Haplorthox) in an experiment established in 1976 at Londrina, Brazil. Soil samples were taken at 0\u201350, 50\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 mm depths in August 1997 and 1998 and evaluated for microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and mineralizable C and N. There were few differences due to crop rotation, however there were significant differences due to tillage. No tillage systems increased total C by 45%, microbial biomass by 83% and MBC:total C ratio by 23% at 0\u201350 mm depth over CT. C and N mineralization increased 74% with NT compared to CT systems for the 0\u2013200 mm depth. Under NT, the metabolic quotient (CO2 evolved per unit of MBC) decreased by 32% averaged across soil depths, which suggests CT produced a microbial pool that was more metabolically active than under NT systems. These soil microbial properties were shown to be sensitive indicators of long-term tillage management under tropical conditions. \u00a9 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2003.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2003.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-09", "title": "Coupled Effects Of Straw And Nitrogen Management On N2o And Ch4 Emissions Of Rainfed Agriculture In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract   Straw incorporation is a common agricultural practice, but the additional carbon source may increase greenhouse gas emissions by stimulating microbial activity in soil, particularly when straw is applied at the same time as nitrogen (N) fertilizer. We investigated the coupled effects of straw and N fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions in a rainfed winter wheat\u2013summer fallow system in Northwest China. Simultaneous applications of straw and N fertilizer increased N2O emissions by up to 88%, net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emission and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI) by over 90%, and the N2O emission factor by over 2-fold. When straw was applied before N fertilizer, the emission factor (0.22%) decreased by approximately one-half compared with that for simultaneous applications (0.45%). In addition, early straw incorporation decreased N2O emissions, NGHG, and NGHGI by 35% (0.62\u00a0kg N2O-N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), 40% (242\u00a0kg CO2-eq\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), and 38% (42\u00a0kg CO2-eq\u00a0t\u22121 grain), respectively. We identified the period 30\u201335 days after N fertilization as a crucial period for evaluating the effectiveness of management practices on N2O emissions. The time between straw and fertilizer applications was negatively related to N2O emission (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.8031; p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-28", "title": "Yield-Scaled N2o Emissions Were Effectively Reduced By Biochar Amendment Of Sandy Loam Soil Under Maize - Wheat Rotation In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   It is increasingly recognized that the addition of biochar to soil has potential to mitigate climate change and increase soil fertility by enhancing carbon (C) storage. However, the effect of biochar on yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from upland fields remains unclear. In this study, a one-year field experiment was conducted in an area of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil to assess and quantify the effect of maize straw biochar in reducing N2O loss during 2014\u20132015 in the North China Plain. Eight treatments were designed as follows: no nitrogen (N) fertilizer (control, CK); biochar application at rates of 3 (B3), 6 (B6) and 12 (B12) t ha\u22121; chemical fertilizer (NPK) application at 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N ha\u22121 (F); and fertilizer plus biochar application at rates of 3 (FB3), 6 (FB6) and 12 (FB12) t ha\u22121. Crop yield, N2O fluxes, soil mineral N concentrations, and soil auxiliary parameters were measured following the application of treatments during each season. During the maize growing season, N2O emission was 0.57\u00a0kg N2O-N ha\u22121 under CK treatment, and increased to 0.88, 0.93 and 1.10\u00a0kg N2O-N ha\u22121 under B3, B6 and B12, respectively. In contrast, N2O emissions were significantly reduced by 31.4\u201339.9% (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.050"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-02", "title": "Long-Term Tillage System Effects Under Moist Cool Conditions In Switzerland", "description": "Abstract   How do different soil tillage systems influence soil quality over the years? Under moist cool conditions is it possible in the long term to reduce dramatically soil tillage intensity without experiencing reductions in yield or other problems? In 1987, the Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Economics and Engineering in Tanikon initiated a long-term soil tillage trial to clarify these questions. The trial compared mouldboard plough, chisel, paraplow, shallow tillage and no-tillage systems on a well-drained Orthic Luvisol with 160\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  clay, 310\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  silt, and under a climate that has a mean annual precipitation of 1180\u00a0mm. The tillage treatment effects were evaluated by measuring several biological, chemical, and physical soil quality indicators. Reduced soil tillage increased earthworm populations, reduced  Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides  infection in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and increased plant colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Yields for no-tillage and other ploughless cultivation techniques were on par with those obtained by ploughing. An exception was direct-drilled maize ( Zea mays ), where no-tillage decreased yield by more than 10% over the course of 14 years. In the first 7 years of the trial, the level of soil organic carbon in all the tillage regimes was approximately 40% lower than natural grassland (initial situation 1987=75\u00a0Mg\u00a0SOC\u00a0ha \u22121 ). The no-tillage method did not differ from the others in respect of bulk density, but it showed an increased preconsolidation stress and hence better trafficability. Under Switzerland\u2019s moist cool climatic conditions, it is possible to reduce soil tillage intensity without substantial reductions in yield, and at the same time improve soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-28", "title": "Straw Enhanced Co2 And Ch4 But Decreased N2o Emissions From Flooded Paddy Soils: Changes In Microbial Community Compositions", "description": "To explore microbial mechanisms of straw-induced changes in CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from paddy field, wheat straw was amended to two paddy soils from Taizhou (TZ) and Yixing (YX), China for 60\u00a0d under flooded condition. Illumia sequencing was used to characterize shift in bacterial community compositions. Compared to control, 1\u20135% straw amendment significantly elevated CO2 and CH4 emissions with higher increase at higher application rates, mainly due to increased soil DOC concentrations. In contrast, straw amendment decreased N2O emission. Considering CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions as a whole, an overall increase in global warming potential was observed with straw amendment. Total CO2 and CH4 emissions from straw-amended soils were significantly higher for YX than TZ soil, suggesting that straw-induced greenhouse gas emissions depended on soil characteristics. The abundance of C-turnover bacteria Firmicutes increased from 28\u201341% to 54\u201377% with straw amendment, thereby increasing CO2 and CH4 emissions. However, straw amendment reduced the abundance of denitrifying bacteria Proteobacteria from 18% to 7.2\u201313% or increased the abundance of N2O reducing bacteria Clostridium from 7.6\u201311% to 13\u201330%, thereby decreasing N2O emission. The results suggested straw amendment strongly influenced greenhouse gas emissions via alerting soil properties and bacterial community compositions. Future field application is needed to ascertain the effects of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Straw return", "Paddy soil", "Microbial community compositions", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "Response Of Aboveground Grassland Biomass And Soil Moisture To Moderate Long-Term Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Summary   Rising atmospheric CO 2  concentrations may alter C cycling and community composition, however, long-term studies in (semi-)natural ecosystems are still rare. In May 1998, the Giessen FACE ( F ree  A ir  C arbon dioxide  E nrichment) experiment started in a grassland ecosystem near Giessen, Germany, consisting of three enrichment (E plots) and three ambient control rings (A plots). Carbon dioxide concentrations were raised to +20% above ambient all-year-round during daylight hours. The wet grassland ( Arrhenatheretum elatioris  Br.-Bl.; not ploughed for >100 years) has been fertilized with 40\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 \u00a0N, and mown two times each year for decades. Since 1993, the biomass has been monitored and since 1997 it was divided into grasses, legumes and non-leguminous forbs.  During the 5 years prior to CO 2  enrichment, the annual biomass yield from the A plots was non-significantly higher (3%) than the later E plots yield. Under CO 2  enrichment, the biomass increased significantly from the third enrichment year on by 9.8%, 7.7% and 11.2% in the years 2000\u20132002, respectively. The increase was surprisingly high considering the moderate CO 2  enrichment regime of only +20% and sub-optimal N supply, possibly suggesting a non-linear response of temperate grassland ecosystems to rising atmospheric CO 2  levels.  The leaf area index did not change significantly under elevated CO 2 , nor did the soil moisture in the top 15\u00a0cm increase. No correlation existed between the magnitude of the yield stimulation under elevated CO 2  and the precipitation sums preceding the respective harvests. The grass biomass increased significantly under FACE, while the forb biomass declined strongly in the fourth and fifth year. The legume fraction was mostly below 1% of the total yield, and did not respond to CO 2  enrichment. These findings are in contrast to other grassland results and possible reasons are discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "U. Gr\u00fcters, Claudia Kammann, S. Janze, Hans-J\u00fcrgen J\u00e4ger, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-19", "title": "Labile Carbon And Methane Uptake As Affected By Tillage Intensity In A Mollisol", "description": "Methane (CH4) oxidation potential of soils decreases with cultivation, but limited information is available regarding the restoration of that capacity with implementation of reduced tillage practices. A study was conducted to assess the impact of tillage intensity on CH4 oxidation and several C-cycling indices including total and active microbial biomass C (t-MBC, a-MBC), mineralizable C (Cmin) and N (Nmin), and aggregate-protected C. Intact cores and disturbed soil samples (0\u20135 and 5\u201315\u00a0cm) were collected from a corn (Zea mays L.)\u2013soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation under moldboard-plow (MP), chisel-plow (CP) and no-till (NT) for 8 years. An adjacent pasture ( 60 years) soils were also sampled as references. At all sites, soil was a Kokomo silty clay loam (mesic Typic Argiaquolls). Significant tillage effects on t-MBC and protected C were found in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth. Protected C, a measure of C retained within macro-aggregates and defined as the difference in Cmin (CO2 evolved in a 56 days incubation) between intact and sieved (<2\u00a0mm) soil samples, amounted to 516, 162 and 121\u00a0mg\u00a0C\u00a0kg\u22121 soil in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm layer of the forest, pasture and NT soils, respectively. Protected C was negligible in the CP and MP soils. Methane uptake rate (\u03bcg\u00a0CH4-C\u00a0kg\u22121 soil per day, under ambient CH4) was higher in forest (2.70) than in pasture (1.22) and cropland (0.61) soils. No significant tillage effect on CH4 oxidation rate was detected (MP: 0.82; CP: 0.41; NT: 0.61). These results underscore the slow recovery of the CH4 uptake capacity of soils and suggest that, to have an impact, tillage reduction may need to be implemented for several decades.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Jacinthe,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2004.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2009.07.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-05", "title": "Effects Of Soil Freeze-Thaw Cycles Differ Between Experimental Plant Communities", "description": "Abstract   Soil freeze\u2013thaw cycles (FTC) influence nutrient cycling, but their consequences for productivity and composition of vegetation are not well investigated. Ongoing global warming will increase the recurrence of FTC in cool-temperate and high-latitude regions.  Here, we report on the above- and belowground biomass production as well as the nitrogen nutrition of two common vegetation types, grassland and heath, after more frequent FTC in a controlled field experiment in Central Europe. Furthermore, we analyze the duration of the observed effects. Five FTC were induced by buried heating wires in addition to three naturally occurring FTC during winter 2005/06. More frequent FTC significantly increased aboveground production of experimental grassland early in the following growing season. However, no reaction was found for experimental heath within the first growing season. Biomass production of heath communities dropped significantly and C/N ratio increased in the freeze\u2013thaw treated plots in the second year after the manipulation, whereas production in the grassland communities was no longer affected significantly, except for an increase in C/N ratio. This response can at least partly be explained by changes in nutrient availability, as plant available nitrate increased in the manipulated grassland plots and decreased in the manipulated heath plots.  The results show the high ecological importance of climate changes during winter, with the outcomes differing strongly between contrasting vegetation types. Furthermore, we show that short term climatic events can cause long-lasting effects, sometimes emerging in the vegetation only after considerable time lags (here: one growing season).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2009.07.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2009.07.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2009.07.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2009.07.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-12", "title": "Taxonomic and functional characteristics of field edge weed communities under contrasting crop management strategies", "description": "Abstract   The widespread loss of weed diversity and associated ecosystem functions is raising important concerns. Field edges could play a major role in the maintenance of weed functional diversity in arable landscapes as these habitats still harbour high weed diversity, owing to either a reduced farming management intensity and/or to a spillover of species from adjacent perennial field margins. Here, we investigated the taxonomic and functional characteristics of weed species recorded in surveys of field edges and their associated field cores over six consecutive years in 60 arable fields farmed with five crop management strategies. We found that field edges were richer, with species more functionally diverse and composition more stable over years than field core surveys. The distribution of individual functional traits differed between field edges and field cores, with higher values for seed mass and nitrophily (Ellenberg.N), and a wider distribution of specific leaf area values in field edges. The bimodal distribution of plant height and germination period observed in field edges became unimodal in field cores. Field edges harboured species with ecological strategies associated with field cores (ruderal species) plus a conservative strategy which could be explained by a spillover from the adjacent perennial field margins. Crop management strategies impacted field edge flora, though to a lesser extent than the field core flora whereas the functional differences between the field edge and the field core flora were less marked when crop management intensity was lower. These results indicate that field edges harbour a unique assemblage of species and highly contribute to the maintenance of weed diversity in arable landscapes. Future studies should thus focus on the importance of these specific functional traits to the agroecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["agroecology", "disturbance", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "functional ecology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "plant traits", "field margin", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ecological strategy", "species spillover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Carbon Dynamics And Sequestration In An Irrigated Vertisol In Central Mexico", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage could enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, but is rarely used in cropping systems in Mexico, especially under irrigation. A study was conducted on a clayey, smectitic, isothermic Udic Pellustert to evaluate the use of traditional-deep and no-tillage systems on SOC dynamics for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\u2013corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat\u2013bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems. Experimental design was a randomized block of five tillage/crop-rotation (two crops per year) systems with four replications: (WC-CTb) wheat\u2013corn, burning the residues of both crops, plowing and disking twice (WC-CT) wheat\u2013corn under conventional tillage (plowing and disking twice to incorporate crop residues following the harvest of each crop), (WC-NT) wheat\u2013corn under no-till, (WB-CT) wheat\u2013bean under conventional tillage, and (WB-NT) wheat\u2013bean under no-till. Each crop in the sequence received one of three fertilizer-N rates broadcast as urea: (a) 0, 150, and 300\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for corn; (b) 0, 40, and 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for bean; and (c) 0, 125, and 250\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 for wheat. The baseline year was 1994, and relative changes were measured from 1994 to 1999 for grain yield and residue production, crop residue C and \u03b413C, SOC, soil C/N ratio, and change in soil \u03b413C. Interaction of cropping system\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0fertilizer-N rate was highly important to grain yield and crop residue production and amount of crop-residue C produced. High N rates increased SOC sequestration and decreased soil C/N ratios. In WC systems, more negative \u03b413C was associated with higher N rates, indicating increased contribution of wheat (a C3 plant) residue C relative to corn (a C4 plant). In WB, N-rate and tillage had no effect on SOC sequestration. Highest rate of SOC sequestration was under WC-NT and when increases in SOC from 1994 to 1999 were annualized was 1.0 and 1.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0SOC\u00a0yr\u22121 in the 0\u201315- and 15\u201330-cm depths, respectively. Corresponding SOC in 0\u201315- and 15\u201330-cm depths in the WC-CT treatment was 0.2 and 0.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0yr\u22121 and amounts in all other treatments were equal or lower than those observed for WC-CT. There was a significant correlation between aboveground crop-residue C produced and amount of SOC sequestered. Results from this study indicate no-till on N-fertilized WC systems can potentially increase SOC sequestration on large areas of irrigated Vertisols in Central Mexico while maintaining high crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Javier Z. Castellanos, Ronald F. Follett, Edward D. Buenger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-15", "title": "In defence of soil biodiversity: Towards an inclusive protection in the European Union", "description": "Open AccessSince soil biodiversity sustains above-ground life, the European Union (EU) has recently announced its new Soil Strategy to better protect soil ecosystems as part of the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Also, the EU\u2019s Farm to Fork Strategy and the Zero Pollution Action Plan aim for soil protection. However, the status of soil biodiversity protection has not been comprehensively assessed. Therefore, we explored regulatory, incentive-based and knowledge-based instruments and strategic policy documents at the EU and national levels to determine whether they adequately protect soil biodiversity. Our review of 507 literature references concluded that only eight EU member states explicitly address threats to soil biodiversity in 14 regulatory instruments while 13 countries mainly focus on implicit threats to soil biodiversity, whereas six countries do not consider soil biodiversity. At the EU level, current directives and regulations only tackle individual threats to soil biodiversity. An EU-wide, legally binding protection could ensure a standardised minimum level of soil biodiversity protection while preventing surging costs of not acting. The EU Soil Health Law foreseen for 2023 could couple land management practices beneficial for soil biodiversity with incentive-based instruments. Simultaneously, models should be designed to predict soil biodiversity, considering soil biodiversity\u2019s spatial and temporal heterogeneity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "2511.06 Conservaci\u00f3n de Suelos", "13. Climate action", "Common Agricultural Policy", " Green Deal", " Soil biodiversity conservation", " Soil governance", " Soil protection", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K\u00f6ninger, J., Panagos, P., Jones, A., Briones, M.J.I., Orgiazzi, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-16", "title": "Effects Of Cover Crops On Spider Communities In Tea Plantations", "description": "Abstract   In agroecosystems, spiders are important predators that play a role in the control of agricultural pests. Modifying the vegetation around crops is an effective measure that can increase plant diversity and enhance the abundance and diversity of spider species. In this study, spiders were sampled monthly from May 2006 through April 2008 from tea canopies and ground covers in four tea plantation treatments in Xingchun (27\u00b038\u203251.4\u2033 N and 117\u00b054\u203229.9\u2033 E), which is in the Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, Southeastern China. The first tea plantation was intercropped with Paspalum notatum, the second with Cassia rotundifolia, and the third with natural ground cover. All ground cover was removed by hand in the fourth tea plantation. The spiders collected in the tea canopies numbered 21,170 individuals, representing 21 families and 158 species, whereas a total of 978 individual spiders, representing 16 families and 74 species, were collected in the ground cover treatments. Subsequent analysis revealed that Coleosoma octomacutatum (Boesenberg et Strand, 1906), Telamonia bifurcilinea Bosenberg et Strand, 1999, and Erigone sp. 1 were the dominant spider species in these tea plantations. There were no significant differences among cover crop treatments with respect to the species richness, species abundance, or absolute abundance of spiders in either study year. In this work, all fourteen communities sampled had similar types of species abundance distributions, which followed bell-shaped and left-truncated lognormal distributions, with an almost identical modal octave on a log2 scale and a missing zero class. The results of the present study do not support the natural enemy hypothesis, but rather indicate that ground covers do not have adverse effects on the tea plantations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li-Lin Chen, Minsheng You, Shao-Bo Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Control", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-08", "title": "Growth And Nutrition Response Of Young Sweetgum Plantations To Repeated Nitrogen Fertilization On Two Site Types", "description": "Abstract   Short-rotation intensive tree culture is being investigated in the southern United States as a method of producing hardwood fiber, but little is known about the early productivity and nutritional needs of these systems, especially on different site types. We studied the growth and foliar nutrition response of two sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua  L.) plantations on a converted agricultural field and a pine cutover site to biannual applications of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates: 0, 56, and    112    kg    N    ha     \u22121    . The trees did not respond to treatment at any age on the agricultural field site, but the fertilized trees on the cutover site had about 60% greater biomass at ages 5 and 6. Fertilization doubled foliar biomass on the cutover site in the years fertilizer was applied. Stem biomass was directly related to foliar biomass, but the relationship was age-specific at both sites. Stem biomass was also related to the foliar N concentration. Foliar critical values of N were about    18    g    N    kg     \u22121    . Foliage phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents were diluted by the N fertilization-induced growth responses at both sites. Fertilization of young intensive-culture sweetgum plantations is necessary for optimum foliar N concentrations and foliar and stem biomass production, but is site-specific.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-13", "title": "Soil Carbon, After 3 Years, Under Short-Rotation Woody Crops Grown Under Varying Nutrient And Water Availability", "description": "Soil carbon contents were measured on a short-rotation woody crop study located on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site outside Aiken, SC. This study included fertilization and irrigation treatments on five tree genotypes (sweetgum, loblolly pine, sycamore and two eastern cottonwood clones). Prior to study installation, the previous pine stand was harvested and the remaining slash and stumps were pulverized and incorporated 30 cm into the soil. One year after harvest soil carbon levels were consistent with pre-harvest levels but dropped in the third year below pre-harvest levels. Tillage increased soil carbon contents, after three years, as compared with adjacent plots that were not part of the study but where harvested, but not tilled, at the same time. When the soil response to the individual treatments for each genotype was examined, one cottonwood clone (ST66), when irrigated and fertilized, had higher total soil carbon and mineral associated carbon in the upper 30 cm compared with the other tree genotypes. This suggests that root development in ST66 may have been stimulated by the irrigation plus fertilization treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Genotype", "Sycamores", "Soil Carbon", "Crops", "Availability", "Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "Nutrients", "Water Short-Rotation Woody Crops", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Cottonwoods", "Trees", "Stabilized Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Pines", "Irrigation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-12", "title": "Ground Vegetation Exceeds Tree Seedlings In Early Biomass Production And Carbon Stock On An Ash-Fertilized Cut-Away Peatland", "description": "Afforestation is one of the most popular after-use options of cut-away peatlands in Scandinavia since it has both economic and aesthetic values and therefore the interest concerning the carbon stock often focuses on tree stands. Consequently, ground vegetation is readily disregarded in the present calculations of the climatic impact of afforestation. However, at the early stages of afforestation vigorous ground vegetation may have a major role in carbon sequestration. The biomass and C stock of ground vegetation and young tree seedlings were examined on an ash-fertilized and afforested cut-away peatland. Six treatments of different mixtures and quantities of wood-ash, peat-ash, biotite or Forest PK-fertilizer were replicated in three plots. Betula pubescens Ehrh. seeds were sown on randomized halves of split plots while the other halves were left unsown. The plant biomass was harvested four growing seasons after the treatments. The live above-ground biomass of ground vegetation on a cut-away peatland was up to two times that of tree seedlings. Furthermore, the below-ground biomass of ground vegetation and tree seedlings was equal to the above-ground biomass, or even greater. In particular, the biomass of mosses multiplied on ash-based fertilized areas compared to the Forest PK-fertilized areas. Our study proved that at the early stages of afforestation ground vegetation was even more important in biomass production and C stock than tree seedlings. Consequently, our results suggest that ground vegetation biomass should also be considered when the climatic impact of afforestation of cut-away peatlands is being calculated.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "turvetuhka", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Betula pubescens Ehrh", "maanalainen biomassa", "13. Climate action", "puutuhka", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "metsitys", "maanp\u00e4\u00e4llinen biomassa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huotari, N., Tillman-Sutela, E., Kubin, E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-16", "title": "Water Balance Simulation Of A Dryland Soil During Fallow Under Conventional And Conservation Tillage In Semiarid Aragon, Northeast Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Tillage management", "CEMAGREF", "HHLY", "Long-fallowing", "MODELLING", "LONG-FALLOWING", "SISPAT", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Modelling", "6. Clean water", "Soil water conservation", "HHLYHYD", "WATER BALANCE", "TILLAGE MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL WATER CONSERVATION", "Water balance", "ESPAGNE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.03.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=2250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=2250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=2200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=2300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8334, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:15:38.738166Z"}