{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-02", "title": "The impact of biochar on soil carbon sequestration: Meta-analytical approach to evaluating environmental and economic advantages", "description": "Soil carbon (SC) is important for food security, ecosystem functioning, and environmental health, especially in light of global climate change. The physico-chemical character of biochar (pyrolyzed crop residue) has been shown to augment SC levels. This review systematically compares the environmental and economic benefits of applying crop residue versus biochar produced from crop residues to soils and the potential implications for SC sequestration. Crop residues enhance the mineralization rate of SC, while biochar can increase or decrease SC depending on the types of biochar/soil and duration. Therefore, converting crop residues to biochar may be more efficient for sequestering SC, but may/may not be more cost-effective. In this review, special emphasis is given to understanding the underlying mechanisms and biogeochemical processes of biochar production, in particular: surface (crystallinity), redox, and ability to control electron transfer reactions. By using meta-analytics, we determined the role of biochar compared to crop residue to enhance the status of organic SC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration And Temperature On The Soil Profile Methane Distribution And Diffusion In Rice-Wheat Rotation System", "description": "The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice-wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments: ambient conditions (CKs), CO2 concentration elevated to ~500 \u03bcmol/mol (FACE), temperature elevated by ca. 2\u00b0C (T) and combined elevation of CO2 concentration and temperature (FACE+T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE+T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season (p<0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m2\u00b7hr) in the FACE, FACE+T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice-wheat field annual rotation ecosystem (p<0.05).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Air", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-07", "title": "Four approaches to setting soil health targets and thresholds in agricultural soils", "description": "Soil health is a key concept in worldwide efforts to reverse soil degradation, but to be used as a tool to improve soils, it must be definable at a policy level and quantifiable in some way. Soil indicators can be used to define soil health and quantify the degree to which soils fulfil expected functions. Indicators are assessed using target and/or threshold values, which define achievable levels of the indicators or functions. However, defining robust targets and thresholds is not a trivial task, as they should account for soil, climate, land-use, management, and history, among others. This paper introduces and discusses (through theory and stakeholder feedback) four approaches to setting targets and thresholds: fixed, reference, distribution and relative change. Three approaches (not including relative change) are then illustrated using a case study, located in Denmark, Italy, and France, which highlights key strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, a framework is presented that facilitates both choosing the most appropriate target/threshold method for a given context, and using targets/thresholds to trigger follow-up actions to promote soil health.", "keywords": ["Conservation of Natural Resources", "Monitoring", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "Denmark", "Framework", "610", "https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030147972403127X-mmc1.docx", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "01 natural sciences", "QH301", "Soil", "framework", "Soil health", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "threshold", "Indicators", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "GE", "Targets", "soil health", "thresholds", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "indicators", "monitoring", "Italy", "targets", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Thresholds", "France", "GE Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Matson, Amanda, Fantappi\u00e8, Maria, Campbell, Grant A., Miranda-V\u00e9lez, Jorge, Faber, Jack, Gomes, Lucas Carvalho, Hessel, Rudi, Lana, Marcos, Mocali, Stefano, Smith, Pete, Robinson, David, Bispo, Antonio, van Egmond, Fenny, Keesstra, Saskia, Saby, Nicolas P. A., Smreczak, Bozena, Froger, Claire, Suleymanov, Azamat, Chenu, Claire,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-19", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From A Chinese Cabbage Field Under Different Nitrogen Treatments In The Taihu Lake Basin, China", "description": "Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of nitrogen (N) loss from soil-crop systems. As vegetable cultivation is one of the most important agricultural land uses worldwide, a deeper understanding of NH3 volatilization is necessary in vegetable production systems. We therefore conducted a 3-year (2010-2012) field experiment to characterize NH3 volatilization and evaluate the effect of different N fertilizer treatments on this process during the growth period of Chinese cabbage. Ammonia volatilization rate, rainfall, soil water content, pH, and soil NH4(+) were measured during the growth period. The results showed that NH3 volatilization was significantly and positively correlated to topsoil pH and NH4(+) concentration. Climate factors and fertilization method also significantly affected NH3 volatilization. Specifically, organic fertilizer (OF) increased NH3 volatilization by 11.77%-18.46%, compared to conventional fertilizer (CF, urea), while organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OIF) reduced NH3 volatilization by 8.82%-12.67% compared to CF. Furthermore, slow-release fertilizers had significantly positive effects on controlling NH3 volatilization, with a 60.73%-68.80% reduction for sulfur-coated urea (SCU), a 71.85%-78.97% reduction for biological Carbon Power\u00ae urea (BCU), and a 77.66%-83.12% reduction for bulk-blend controlled-release fertilizer (BBCRF) relative to CF. This study provides much needed baseline information, which will help in fertilizer choice and management practices to reduce NH3 volatilization and encourage the development of new strategies for vegetable planting.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Brassica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hongcai Wang, Linan Shan, Qian Huang, Jie Chen, Yun-feng He,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-22", "title": "Soil And Foliar Application Of Selenium In Rice Biofortification", "description": "Abstract   Selenium (Se) is essential for humans and animals because of its antioxidant properties, which form part of a series of chemical reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Se application forms and sources on rice growth, grain yield, and rice Se concentration and accumulation, as well the content of N, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in rice grains. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 4-dm 3  pots containing a sandy clay loam Red-Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a completely randomized 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial scheme (two Se doses\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0two forms of Se application, soil or foliar\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0two Se sources, selenate or selenite), with five replicates. Selenium in rice plants was analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The results shows that soil selenate application was more effective for shoot dry matter production and grain Se accumulation than selenite. Foliar application of both selenate and selenite increased grain yield. This study provides useful information concerning agronomic biofortification of rice, showing that both soil and foliar Se application could be used for increasing Se content in edible parts, which could result in health benefits.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Pr\u00e1ticas hort\u00edcolas", "Nutrient contents", "Selenite", "Arroz - Teor de nutrientes", "Composi\u00e7\u00e3o alimentar", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza sativa", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Arroz - Biofortifica\u00e7\u00e3o", "Rice - Biofortification", "Selenate", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Food%20Composition%20and%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-05", "title": "Metal Availability In Heavy Metal-Contaminated Open Burning And Open Detonation Soil: Assessment Using Soil Enzymes, Earthworms, And Chemical Extractions", "description": "The effects of heavy metal contamination on soil enzyme activity and earthworm health (bioaccumulation and condition) were studied in contaminated soils collected from an formerly open burning and open detonation (OBOD) site. Soil extraction methods were also evaluated using CaCl(2) and DTPA solutions as surrogate measures of metal bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Total heavy metal content of the soils ranged from 0.45 to 9.68 mg Cd kg(-1), 8.96 to 5103 mg Cu kg(-1), 40.21 to 328 mg Pb kg(-1), and 56.61 to 10,890 mg Zn kg(-1). Elevated metal concentrations are assumed to be primarily responsible for the reduction in enzyme activities and earthworm health indices. We found significant negative relationships between CaCl(2)- and DTPA-extractable metal content (Cd, Cu, and Zn) and soil enzyme activity (P<0.01). Therefore, it could be concluded that soil enzyme activity and metal bioaccumulation by earthworms can be used as an ecological indicator of metal availability. Furthermore, CaCl(2) and DTPA extraction methods are proved as promising, precise, and inexpensive surrogate measures of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn bioavailability from heavy metal-contaminated soils.", "keywords": ["Incineration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pentetic Acid", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Calcium Chloride", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-14", "title": "Molecular Characterization Of Biochars And Their Influence On Microbiological Properties Of Soil", "description": "The tentative connection between the biochar surface chemical properties and their influence on microbially mediated mineralization of C, N, and S with the help of enzymes is not well established. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different biomass conversion processes (microwave pyrolysis, carbon optimized gasification, and fast pyrolysis using electricity) on the composition and surface chemistry of biochar materials produced from corn stover (Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and Ponderosa pine wood residue (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson) and determine the effect of biochars on mineralization of C, N, and S and associated soil enzymatic activities including esterase (fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, FDA), dehydrogenase (DHA), \u03b2-glucosidase (GLU), protease (PROT), and aryl sulfatase (ARSUL) in two different soils collected from footslope (Brookings) and crest (Maddock) positions of a landscape. Chemical properties of biochar materials produced from different batches of gasification process were fairly consistent. Biochar materials were found to be highly hydrophobic (low H/C values) with high aromaticity, irrespective of biomass feedstock and pyrolytic process. The short term incubation study showed that biochar had negative effects on microbial activity (FDA and DHA) and some enzymes including \u03b2-glucosidase and protease.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Panicum", "Pinus", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Microscopy", " Electron", " Scanning", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology", "Sulfur", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-22", "title": "Microplastics originated from agricultural mulching films affect enchytraeid multigeneration reproduction and soil properties", "description": "Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly entering agricultural soils, often from the breakdown of agricultural plastics (e.g., mulching films). This study investigates the effects of realistic MPs from different mulching films: two conventional polyethylene (PE-1 and PE-2) and two biodegradable (starch-blended polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate; PBAT-BD-1 and PBAT-BD-2). MPs were mixed into Lufa 2.2 soil at a concentration range from 0.005\u00a0% to 5\u00a0% (w/w dry soil), wide enough to reflect both realistic environmental levels and 'worst-case scenarios'. Effects on Enchytraeus crypticus reproduction over two generations and six important soil properties were studied. PBAT MPs notably reduced enchytraeid reproduction in the F0 generation, with a maximum decrease of 35.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.6\u00a0% at 0.5\u00a0% concentration. F1 generation was unaffected by PBAT contamination. PE MPs had a more substantial reproductive impact, with up to a 55.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7\u00a0% decrease at 5\u00a0% PE-1 concentration compared to the control, showing a dose-related effect except for 1\u00a0%. Both MP types also significantly affected soil water holding capacity, pH, and total carbon. Other soil properties remained unaffected. Our results highlight the potential negative impacts of MPs originating from real agricultural plastics on soil health and raise concerns about the role of agricultural plastics in sustainable agriculture and food safety.", "keywords": ["Soil invertebrates", "soil ecotoxicology", "Microplastics", "Polyesters", "Soil pH", "realistic soil pollution", "Agricultural plastics; Realistic soil pollution; Soil ecotoxicology; Soil invertebrates; Soil pH; water holding capacity; total carbon", "01 natural sciences", "soil pH", "Soil", "Soil Pollutants", "Animals", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "total carbon", "Soil ecotoxicology", "Realistic soil pollution", "water holding capacity", "Reproduction", "Agriculture", "Starch", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil invertebrates", "Polyethylene", "Agricultural plastics", "agricultural plastics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plastics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u0160m\u00eddov\u00e1 Kl\u00e1ra, Selonen Salla, van Gestel Cornelis A. M., Fleissig Petr, Hofman Jakub,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135592"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135592", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-26", "title": "Tracing macroplastics redistribution and fragmentation by tillage translocation", "description": "Soil is polluted with plastic waste from macro to submicron level. Our understanding of macroplastics (> 5\u00a0mm) occurrence and behavior has remained comparatively elusive, mainly due to a lack of a tracing mechanism. This study set up a methodology to trace macroplastic displacement, which combined magnetic iron oxide-tagged soil and macroplastic pieces tagged by an adhesive passive radiofrequency identification transponder. By utilizing these techniques, a field study was carried out to analyze the effect of tillage implement and plastic sizes on plastic displacement, to understand the fate of macroplastics in arable land. Results indicated that the displacement of macroplastics did not depend upon plastic sizes but did depend upon the tillage implement used. The mean macroplastics displacement per tillage pass was 0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25\u00a0m with non-inversion chisel tillage and 0.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.13\u00a0m with inversion disk tillage, which was similar to bulk soil displacement. However, only inversion disk tillage caused fragmentation (41\u00a0%) of macroplastics and generated microplastics (< 5\u00a0mm). In contrast, both tillage implements drove to similar burial of surface macroplastics into the tilled layer (74\u00a0% on average). These results highlight that tillage is a major process for macroplastics fate in arable soils, being one of the first studies to investigate it.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Tracers", "Radio frequency identification (RFID)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Comparative study", "Fate and transport", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "01 natural sciences", "Plastic debris", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-02", "title": "Effects Of Irrigation On Co2 And Ch4 Fluxes From Mongolian Steppe Soil", "description": "Summary   Semi-arid temperate steppes comprise approximately 30% of the world\u2019s temperate grassland, and consequently, are a significant component of the global carbon cycle. To better understand how precipitation affects soil carbon fluxes in semi-arid steppes, we examined the effects of irrigation (simulated rainfall) on CO2 and CH4 fluxes from Mongolian semi-arid steppe soil on 10\u201312 August 2002 and 19\u201322 August 2003. Meteorological data revealed that the soil was dry in 2002 and wet in 2003. Summer flux measurements in both years showed that the soil emitted CO2 at 75\u2013250\u00a0mg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121 and consumed atmospheric CH4 at 30\u201390\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0h\u22121. In 2002, the CO2 flux of the irrigated soil showed an increase of 50% over one day following irrigation compared to the non-irrigated soil, and thereafter, no increase. This enhancing effect of irrigation was found only immediately following irrigation in 2003. Soil CH4 fluxes showed little difference between the irrigated and non-irrigated soils in 2002 and 2003. There was also little difference in soil temperatures (at the surface and 5\u00a0cm depth) between the soils in 2002 and 2003. The water content of the irrigated soil increased following irrigation then rapidly decreased with time. These results demonstrate that rainfall events enhance carbon loss from semi-arid steppe soil at least within the day following irrigation. However, long-term meteorological observations of precipitation and soil water content in 2003 and 2004 suggest that usual rainfall pulses throughout the growing season (June\u2013September) do not markedly enhance CO2 emission from such soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.07.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-01", "title": "Impact Of Alpine Meadow Degradation On Soil Hydraulic Properties Over The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau", "description": "Summary   Alpine meadow soil is an important ecosystem component of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, the alpine meadow soil is undergoing serious degradation mainly due to global climate change, overgrazing, human activities and rodents. In this paper, spatial sequencing was chosen over time succession sequencing to study the changes of soil hydraulic properties under different degrees of alpine meadow degradation. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and Gardner \u03b1 both at the surface and at 40\u201350\u00a0cm depth were investigated in the field using tension infiltrometers. Soil physical and chemical properties, together with the root index at 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 40\u201350\u00a0cm soil layer depths were also analyzed. Pearson correlations were adopted to study the relationships among the investigated factors and principal component analysis was performed to identify the dominant factor. Results show that with increasing degree of degradation, soil sand content increased while soil Ks and Gardner \u03b1 as well as soil clay content, soil porosity decreased in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layers, and organic matter and root gravimetric density decreased in both the 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 40\u201350\u00a0cm soil layers. However, soil moisture showed no significant changes with increasing degradation. With decreasing pressure head, soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity reduced more slowly under degraded conditions than non-degraded conditions. Soil Ks and Gardner \u03b1 were significantly correlated (P\u00a0=\u00a00.01) with bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic matter and root gravimetric density. Among these, soil porosity is the dominant factor explaining about 90% of the variability in total infiltration flow. Under non-degraded conditions, the infiltration flow principally depended on the presence of macropores. With increasing degree of degradation, soil macropores quickly changed to mesopores or micropores. The proportion of total infiltration flow through macropores and mesopores significantly decreased with the most substantial decrease observed for the macropores in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer. The substantial decrease of macropores caused a cut in soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity. This study improves the understanding and prediction of alpine meadow soil and ecosystem changes and provides guidelines for improving water flow modeling under the background of global climate change over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and similar regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.036", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-02", "title": "Effect Of Rest-Grazing Management On Soil Water And Carbon Storage In An Arid Grassland (China)", "description": "Summary   The appropriate grassland management practices play an important role for sustainable use of grassland. Rest grazing is beneficial to maintain higher grassland productivity and species diversity. However, little knowledge exists about the effects of rest grazing on soil water and carbon storages in arid regions. In the current study, we investigated the above- and below-ground community characteristics of the three-paired rest-grazing and grazing grasslands in an arid region of northern-west China. An 11-year rest grazing grassland and a continuous grazing grassland were studied to understand soil water and carbon storages. The results revealed that soil water content and carbon storage significantly increased after rest grazing, which was mainly attributable to increasing below-ground biomass density. At the 30\u201350\u00a0cm soil layer depth of the continuously grazing grassland, bulk density was higher and below-ground biomass was lower than the rest of the grazing grassland. This layer significantly affected the water cycle by blocking water exchange between the upper and lower soil layers. Soil carbon content did not significantly increase after rest grazing. The results indicated that rest grazing has a great potential for the recovery of soil water storage, and is an effective way to enhance grassland restoration in the arid area.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.036"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.036", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.036", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.036"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-06", "title": "A novel laboratory method for the retrieval of the soil water retention curve from shortwave infrared reflectance", "description": "<p>The soil water retention curve (SWRC) is an essential soil property that relates soil water content and matric potential. It plays a crucial role in soil water dynamics and the understanding of various hydrological phenomena at the land surface, including infiltration, runoff, evaporation, and energy exchange processes. In recent years, proximal sensing methods have shown great potential for retrieving this challenging-to-measure property from spectral reflectance. However, a physically-based approach is still lacking as current methods rely on empirical data-driven algorithms. Here we propose a novel physics-based laboratory method that, for the first time, enables direct estimation of the entire SWRC from saturated to dry using soil water content/reflectance data pairs within the shortwave infrared domain. The main hypothesis underlying the new method is that soil optical properties not only vary with soil water content but also with the pore scale distribution of capillary and adsorbed soil water. For evaluation, retrieved soil water retention curves of 21 soils that vastly differ in physical and hydraulic properties were compared to direct measurements. The results suggest that the new method is a rapid and efficient alternative to established laboratory measurement methods.</p>", "keywords": ["Soil water retention curve", "Laboratory method", "Shortwave infrared reflectance", "Optical proximal sensing", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil hydraulic properties", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130284"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jterra.2005.04.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-06", "title": "Effects Of Tillage Systems On Compaction And Crop Yield Of Albic Luvisol In Croatia", "description": "This four -year experiment was conducted in north-west Slavonia to evaluate the effects of different tillage systems on compaction of silty loam soil (Albic Luvisol). The compared tillage systems were: (1) conventional tillage (CT), (2) conservation tillage (CM), (3) no-tillage (NT), and the crop rotation was corn-(Zea mays L.)- winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn-winter wheat. For detecting the soil compaction, bulk density and penetration resistance were measured during the growing seasons. In all seasons and tillage systems, the bulk density and penetration resistance increased with depth and the greatest increase from surface to the deepest layer in average was observed at CT system. The bulk density and penetration resistance increased at all tillage systems during the experiment, but the greatest increase was also observed at CT system. The greatest bulk density (1.66 Mg m3) and the greatest increase of 6.4% were observed at CT system in the layer 30-35 cm. In the first season, the bulk density was the gratest at NT system, but during the experiment the lowest average increase of 1.9% was observed at this system. The greatest penetration resistance of all measurements (5.9 MPa) was observed in the last season at CT system in depth of 40 cm. The lowest average increase of penetration resistance 11.4% was also observed at NT system. The highest yield of corn in the first season was achieved with CT system while in the other seasons the highest yield of winter wheat and corn was achieved with CM system.", "keywords": ["Soil compaction. penetration resistance; tillage systems; silty loam; corn; winter wheat", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "silty loam", "corn", "Soil compaction. penetration resistance", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "tillage systems", "01 natural sciences", "winter wheat"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dubravko Filipovi\u0107, Zlatko Gospodari\u0107, Stjepan Husnjak, Silvio Ko\u0161uti\u0107,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2005.04.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Terramechanics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jterra.2005.04.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jterra.2005.04.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jterra.2005.04.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "The Effects Of Woodchip Biochar Application On Crop Yield, Carbon Sequestration And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Soils Planted With Rice Or Leaf Beet", "description": "Abstract   Pot experiments were performed to examine the effects of biochar application on crop growth and yield, soil properties, soil carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas emissions from soil. The biochars were produced by the pyrolysis of woodchips from Japanese Cedar thinned from plantation trees. Two biochars were investigated; one produced at 290\u00a0\u00b0C (BC290), the other at 700\u00a0\u00b0C (BC700). Characteristic soils from Taiwan, namely the acidic Pinchen series (Pc) and the alkaline Hoshin series (Hb) were selected for the investigation. The different biochars (BC290 or BC700) were applied at two different rates, either 2% or 5% and the soils planted with either rice or leaf beet. The results showed that the application of biochar increased the soil pH and the available K, but had no significant effect on crop growth and yield. The application of 5% BC700 produced the most significant carbon sequestration with both rice and leaf beet. The application of 5% BC700 also significantly reduced the cumulative CO2e emissions from both the Pc (52%) and Hb (46%) soils planted with rice, while the application of 2% BC700 significantly reduced the cumulative CO2e emission from the Pc soil (47\u201358%), but not consistently from the Hb soil planted with leaf beet. Results of this study suggested that the application of biochar from waste wood was a perspective option to reduce greenhouse gases (as N2O or CO2e) emitting from fertilized soils and to enhance soil properties (as pH, available K).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Taiwan%20Institute%20of%20Chemical%20Engineers", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "Biogeochemistry Of Selenium And Its Impact On Food Chain Quality And Human Health", "description": "In areas where soils are low in bioavailable selenium (Se), potential Se deficiencies cause health risks for humans. Though higher plants have been considered not to require this element, the experience with low-Se soils in Finland has provided evidence that the supplementation of commercial fertilizers with sodium selenate affects positively not only the nutritive value of the whole food chain from soil to plants, animals and humans but also the quantity of plant yields. The level of Se addition has been optimal, and no abnormally high concentrations in plants or in foods of animal origin have been observed. Se levels in serum and human milk indicate that the average daily intake has been within limits considered to be safe and adequate. In fact, plants act as effective buffers, because their growth is reduced at high Se levels. They also tend to synthesize volatile compounds in order to reduce excess Se. On the other hand, when added at low concentrations, Se exerts a beneficial effect on plant growth via several mechanisms. As in humans and animals, Se strengthens the capacity of plants to counteract oxidative stress caused by oxygen radicals produced by internal metabolic or external factors. At proper levels it also delays some of the effects of senescence and may improve the utilization of short-wavelength light by plants. High additions are toxic and may trigger pro-oxidative reactions. Thus, the present supplementation of fertilizers with Se can be considered a very effective and readily controlled way to increase the average daily Se intake nationwide.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Food Chain", "Plant Development", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "Antioxidants", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Selenium", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Helin\u00e4 Hartikainen", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Trace%20Elements%20in%20Medicine%20and%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jterra.2017.01.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-02", "title": "DEM simulation of soil-tool interaction under extraterrestrial environmental effects", "description": "In contrast to terrestrial environment, the harsh lunar environment conditions include lower gravity acceleration, ultra-high vacuum and high (low) temperature in the daytime (night-time). This paper focuses on the effects of those mentioned features on soil cutting tests, a simplified excavation test, to reduce the risk of lunar excavation missions. Soil behavior and blade performance were analyzed under different environmental conditions. The results show that: (1) the cutting resistance and the energy consumption increase linearly with the gravity. The bending moment has a bigger increasing rate in low gravity fields due to a decreasing moment arm; (2) the cutting resistance,energy consumption and bending moment increase significantly because of the raised soil strength on the lunar environment, especially in low gravity fields. Under the lunar environment, the proportions of cutting resistance, bending moment and energy consumption due to the effect of the van der Waals forces are significant. Thus, they should be taken into consideration when planning excavations on the Moon. Therefore, considering that the maximum frictional force between the excavator and the lunar surface is proportional to the gravity acceleration, the same excavator that works efficiently on the Earth may not be able to work properly on the Moon.", "keywords": ["\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Soil cutting test", "Van der Waals force", "Lunar regolith", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Cutting resistance", "Gravity effect", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter", "7. Clean energy", "620", "Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)", "Physics - Geophysics", "0203 mechanical engineering", "13. Climate action", "Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Lluna -- Exploraci\u00f3", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Lunar soil", "Distinct Element Method"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2017.01.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Terramechanics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jterra.2017.01.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jterra.2017.01.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jterra.2017.01.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-08", "title": "Impact Of Forestland Allocation On Land Use In A Mountainous Province Of Vietnam", "description": "Abstract   In the early 1990s following the decollectivization of agriculture, the Vietnamese government distributed forest land-use rights to individual households. The new forestland policy had three related objectives: (i) the introduction of a sedentary livelihood system for those populations who had traditionally relied on shifting cultivation and regular migration; (ii) the development of the village economy through tree plantations; and (iii) the protection of forest resources. In this paper, we discuss the changes in land use that resulted from the new forestland policy and the effectiveness of the policy in achieving each of its three objectives.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "mountain agriculture", "[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology", "Bac Kan", "[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography", "1. No poverty", "land policy", "15. Life on land", "forestland allocation", "Vietnam", "natural resource management", "livelihood systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.07.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "The Effects Of Copper Oxy Chloride Waste Contamination On Selected Soil Biochemical Properties At Disposal Site", "description": "A study was carried out at a sanitary waste disposal site for Kutsaga Tobacco Research Station, Zimbabwe, which uses large amounts of copper oxy chloride for sterilization of recycled float trays in flooded bench tobacco seedling production systems. Soil samples randomly collected from six stream bank zones (bands up the valley slope) varying in their distance ranges from the centre of both the wastewater-free and wastewater-affected paths [0-5 m (B1); 6-10 m (B2); 11-15 m (B3); 16-20 m (B4); 21-25 m (B5) and 26-30 m (B6)] in two sample depths (0-15; 15-30 cm) were analysed for metal copper, organic matter contents, and soil pH and subjected to agarized incubation for microbial counts. Results suggest that the repeated disposals of copper oxy chloride waste from tobacco float tray sanitation sinks into a creek amplify metal copper loads in the soil by 500 fold. The greatest concentrations of copper in both the topsoil and upper subsoil were recorded in the B3, B4 and B5 stream bank zones of the wastewater path. The concentration of copper was significantly lower in the middle of the waste-affected creek than that in the stream bank zones. This trend in the copper concentration coincided with the lowest acidity of the soil. Overloading the soil with copper, surprisingly, enhances the content of soil organic matter. The repeated release of copper oxy chloride waste into a stream causes an accelerated build-up of metal copper and soil acidity in the stream bank on-site while contamination is translocated to either underground water reserve or surface stream water flow in the middle of the wastewater path.", "keywords": ["Nicotiana", "Zimbabwe", "Industrial Waste", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper", "Soil Microbiology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Disinfectants", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Johnson Masaka, M. Muunganirwa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104589", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-30", "title": "Enhancing weed multifunctionality at a landscape scale: a simulation study", "description": "There is a pressing need for research guiding the design and management of multifunctional landscapes that combine the delivery of production services and that of other ecosystem services. Arable weeds are an interesting model as they can impact negatively crop production but also contribute to maintain pollination and pest control services. Here, we assessed weed multifunctionality using weed data recorded within a small landscape, in the field edge and field core of 97 fields over six consecutive years. We detected a general positive correlation between harmfulness and services provision, at the field-scale and at the landscape scale. At the field scale, the flora of field edges strongly contributed to the delivery of (dis)services; some fields delivered interesting trade-offs, and this was only weakly explained by the crop management strategy. At the landscape scale, we explored through scenarii the impact of changes in the composition (proportional cover of the different crop management strategies) and structure (field size, i.e. length of field edges) of the land-use mosaics on weed multifunctionality. Land\u2013use mosaics offering interesting trade-offs were for the most part characterised by an even representation of the different crop management strategies. Small-grained landscapes did not offer better trade\u2013offs than the current landscape structure, but slightly improved the inter-annual stability of services. Our results support the idea that promoting the co-existence of various cropping strategies within landscape is a good option to reconcile the positive and negative impacts of weeds.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "0106 biological sciences", "pollination", "multifunctionality", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "biological control", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield loss", "simulation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "pareto frontier"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104589"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Landscape%20and%20Urban%20Planning", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104589", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104589", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104589"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-31", "title": "Effect Of Land-Use Conversion On C And N Distribution In Aggregate Fractions Of Soils In The Southern Loess Plateau, China", "description": "Abstract   The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of grassland (GL) conversion to cropland (CL) and cropland conversion to forest (FL) and orchard (OL) on soil C and N distribution in dry aggregate size fractions in Nihegou catchment of the southern Loess Plateau, China. Four main land-use changes were analyzed in different agronomic management systems in 2006. The soil is wind-deposited loessial parent materials with a rather homogeneous silty clay loam texture classified as Calcic Cambosols. The GL was long-term over-used grassland. The CL was changed from GL after 33 years tillage with conventional tillage and fertilizer. The FL and OL originated from long-term CL after 23- and 7-year planted, respectively. Samples were taken at soil depths of 0\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201350\u00a0cm and were subjected to a physical fractionation process by way of aggregate size. Soil aggregate size fractions, total C and N contents and distributions were determined on all soil samples. Three dry aggregate fractions of very coarse (2.0\u20130.2\u00a0mm), coarse (0.2\u20130.05\u00a0mm) and fine ( \u22122  and 0.13\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122  in FL soils, 1.43\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0m \u22122  and 0.17\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0m \u22122  in OL soils); moreover, the C and N stocks in fine aggregate fraction increased by 8% and 33% in FL soils and by 58% and 69% in OL soils, respectively. This results showed that C and N turnover and loss in aggregate fractions of this silty clay loam soils was very fast. Conversion of land uses from CL to FL and OL has obviously recovered the soil structure, and improved soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guang-Lu Li, Xiao-Ming Pang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Expansion of olive orchards and their impact on the cultivation and landscape through a case study in the countryside of Cordoba (Spain)", "description": "Open Access\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (57 \u066a). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.", "keywords": ["Period (music)", "Soil Degradation", "Vascular Flora of Mediterranean Europe and North Africa", "Soil Science", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "Mediterranean", "Horticulture", "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Grapevine Cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Pathology", "Ecosystem services", "Landscape elements", "Agroforestry", "Irrigation", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Common agricultural policy", "Olive groves", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Olive trees", "Agronomy", "Sustainability", "Archaeology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Shifting cultivation", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vegetation (pathology)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.mex.2022.101826", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-24", "title": "TASOW \u2013 A tool for the automated selection of potential windbreaks", "description": "Wind erosion is a process in which soil particles are detached from soils and transported downwind. One effective measure to reduce wind erosion are vegetated windbreaks such as hedgerows as they reduce wind speeds and likewise the forces which detach and transport soil particles. However, the planting of new windbreaks is driven by policy decisions as well as planning considerations. To get an initial idea of potential locations for new windbreaks, we present an automated routine as a model in ESRI ArcGIS Pro to propose plantation locations. The main input to the model is a wind erosion risk map. The results are potential locations for windbreaks that are ranked according to their suitability. The model parameters are adjustable, transferable to other regions and can be altered by to the user's needs.\u2022Limit the wind erosion risk map to the most prone fields\u2022Selection of unprotected sites perpendicular to the main wind direction\u2022Suggestions for suitable sites for the potential planting of new windbreaks.", "keywords": ["Risk", "RWEQ", "Ecosystem service", "Science", "Q", "Soil protection", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Method Article", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Wind erosion", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101826"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/MethodsX", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.mex.2022.101826", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.mex.2022.101826", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101826"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.mex.2024.102905", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-13", "title": "A simple method to assess flood regulation supply in urban lawns", "description": "Floods have an important impact on life and loss of goods. Urban green spaces are crucial to mitigating flood impact. However, their capacity to prevent floods depends on their condition, especially in areas highly affected by human activities such as lawns. Here, we developed a simple method to assess flood regulation using soil penetration resistance as a proxy and tested it on an urban lawn in Vilnius (Lithuania) in winter. We developed an experimental design using an app for collecting data and working with it in a GIS environment. To understand their spatial relations, geostatistical (e.g., semi-variogram model and ordinary kriging mapping) and spatial statistics ((Moran's global autocorrelation index and Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran's I)) tools were applied. The preliminary results from the tested method showed that the lawn studied has different capacities to retain floods due to the management practices. Nevertheless, it is essential to be applied in different soil moisture conditions since flood regulation (soil penetration resistance) can be variable throughout the year.\u2022A novel method was developed to estimate flood regulation using soil penetration resistance as a proxy;\u2022An urban lawn was used to test the method and identify areas with low and high capacity for flood regulation;\u2022The method quickly assesses lawn flood retention capacity in different environments.", "keywords": ["Soil penetration resistance", "Spatial statistics", "Science", "Q", "Flood regulation", "Flood Regulation Supply Proxy", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Urban lawns", "Environmental Science", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geostatistics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pereira, Paulo, Inacio, Miguel, Kalinauskas, Marius, Pinto, Luis, Barcelo, Damia, Bogunovic, Igor,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102905"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/MethodsX", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.mex.2024.102905", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.mex.2024.102905", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102905"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-13", "title": "Fate Of Biochar In Chemically- And Physically-Defined Soil Organic Carbon Pools", "description": "Open AccessThe authors acknowledge all the assistance of AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand. The valuable suggestions of R. Gentile as well as the technical assistance of B. Toes, T. Maruyama, M. Vazquez and A. Singh are also appreciated. H.M.S.K.H. was funded by the New Zealand Biochar Research Centre, under the Massey University Doctoral Scholarship Programme. Financial support was covered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, New Zealand and the New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse gas Research Centre.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biochar", "4. Education", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Microaggregates", "Clays", "Fractionation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Corn stover", "15. Life on land", "Particulate organic matter (POM)", "Silt"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Geochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-19", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Semi-Arid Soils Amended With Biochar Alone Or Combined With Mineral And Organic Fertilizers", "description": "Semi-arid soils cover a significant area of Earth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects of biochar additions on CO2 emissions from semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential of biochar as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the CO2 that evolved from semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of 0 and 20tha(-1) in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludge) applied at four rates (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, and 225kg potentially available Nha(-1)) during 182 days of aerobic incubation. A double exponential model, which describes cumulative CO2 emissions from two active soil C compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile), was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In general, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil C pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass C contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic C contents in soil and not to interact with the effects of type and rate of fertilizer on C fractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil CO2 emissions.", "keywords": ["Bioqu\u00edmica", "Mineral fertilizer", "Carbonates", "Waste Disposal", " Fluid", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Inorganic C", "11. Sustainability", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Air Pollutants", "Minerals", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-20", "title": "Impacts Of Lucc On Soil Properties In The Riparian Zones Of Desert Oasis With Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study Of The Middle Heihe River Basin, China", "description": "Large-scale changes in land use and land cover over long timescales can induce significant variations in soil physicochemical properties, particularly in the riparian zones of arid regions. Frequent reclamation of wetlands and grasslands and intensive agricultural activity have induced significant changes in both land use/cover and soil physicochemical properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin of China. The present study aims to explore whether land use/land cover change (LUCC) can well explain the variations in soil properties in the riparian zones of the middle Heihe River basin. To achieve this, we mapped LUCC and quantified the type of land use change using remote sensing images, topographic maps, and GIS analysis techniques. Forty-two sites were selected for soil and vegetation sampling. Then, physical and chemical experiments were employed to determine soil moisture, soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorous. The Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test, principal component analysis, and a scatter matrix were used to analyze the effects of LUCC on soil properties. The results indicate that the majority of the parameters investigated were affected significantly by LUCC. In particular, soil moisture and soil organic carbon can be explained well by land cover change and land use change, respectively. Furthermore, changes in soil moisture could be attributed primarily to land cover changes. Changes in soil organic carbon were correlated closely with the following land use change types: wetlands-arable, forest-grasslands, and grasslands-desert. Other parameters, including pH and total K, were also found to exhibit significant correlations with LUCC. However, changes in soil nutrients were shown to be induced most probably by human agricultural activity (i.e. fertilize, irrigation, tillage, etc.), rather than by simple conversions from one land use/cover types to the others.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "Soil", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Remote Sensing Technology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Effects Of Relay Cover Crop Planting Date On Their Biomass And Maize Productivity In A Sub-Humid Region Of Zimbabwe Under Conservation Agriculture", "description": "Abstract   Relay cropping of cover crops is a strategy of increasing biomass yields and productivity of maize-based systems. However, there is need to strategically plan the relay cropping to avoid competition between the main crop and the relay cover crops while at the same time obtaining optimum yields from both crops. A study was carried out in a clay soil in a sub-humid region of Zimbabwe to investigate the effect of introducing different relay cover crops at 8, 11 and 15 weeks after planting maize (WAPM) into a standing maize crop on biomass yield of the relay cover crops, their emergence and maize yields in the 2012\u201313 and 2013\u201314 seasons. From the results of the study, it was observed that the introduction of relay cover crops late in the season compromises their emergence and hence biomass yields (as low as 0.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for blue lupins (Lupinus angustifolius var. angustifolius (L.)). In a season where longer mid-season dry spells were experienced (2013\u201314), biomass yields of the relay cover crops were lower than in 2012\u201313 season. Delays in planting of relay cover crops (i.e. from 8 to 11 and from 11 to 15 WAPM) resulted in yield reductions of around 50%. Relay cover crops introduced at different periods of the season had no significant effects on maize grain and biomass yields. However, there are relay cover crops such as the velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC) and common oats (Avena sativa L.) that showed better emergence even in the sub-optimal conditions (with emergence as high as 90%). Of all the investigated relay cover crops, none could contribute to significant amounts of biomass thus insignificant increases in total plot biomass. There is need to investigate on other earlier planting dates that do not compromise the biomass productivity of such relay cover crops.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/NJAS%3A%20Wageningen%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.njas.2016.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-14", "title": "Soil Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Changes Under Sugarcane Expansion In Brazil", "description": "Historical data of land use change (LUC) indicated that the sugarcane expansion has mainly displaced pasture areas in Central-Southern Brazil, globally the largest producer, and that those pastures were prior established over native forests in the Cerrado biome. We sampled 3 chronosequences of land use comprising native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA), and sugarcane crop (SC) in the sugarcane expansion region to assess the effects of LUC on soil carbon, nitrogen, and labile phosphorus pools. Thirty years after conversion of NV to PA, we found significant losses of original soil organic matter (SOM) from NV, while insufficient new organic matter was introduced from tropical grasses into soil to offset the losses, reflecting in a net C emission of 0.4 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1). These findings added to decreases in (15)N signal indicated that labile portions of SOM are preserved under PA. Afterwards, in the firsts five years after LUC from PA to SC, sparse variations were found in SOM levels. After more than 20 years of sugarcane crop, however, there were losses of 40 and 35% of C and N stocks, respectively, resulting in a rate of C emission of 1.3 Mg ha(-1)yr(-1) totally caused by the respiration of SOM from C4-cycle plants. In addition, conversion of pastures to sugarcane mostly increased (15)N signal, indicating an accumulation of more recalcitrant SOM under sugarcane. The microbe- and plant-available P showed site-specific responses to LUC as a function of different P-input managements, with the biological pool mostly accounting for more than 50% of the labile P in both anthropic land uses. With the projections of 6.4 Mha of land required by 2021 for sugarcane expansion in Brazil to achieve ethanol's demand, this explanatory approach to the responses of SOM to LUC will contribute for an accurate assessment of the CO\u2082 balance of sugarcane ethanol.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Saccharum", "3. Good health", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.03.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-05", "title": "Earthworm Impacts On Soil Organic Matter And Fertilizer Dynamics In Tropical Hillside Agroecosystems Of Honduras", "description": "Abstract   Earthworms are important processors of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient turnover in terrestrial ecosystems. In agroecosystems, they are often seen as beneficial organisms to crop growth and are actively promoted by farmers and extension agents, yet their contribution to agroecosystem services is uncertain and depends largely on management. The Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS) of western Honduras has been proposed as a viable alternative to traditional slash-and-burn (SB) practices and has been shown to increase earthworm populations, yet the effect of earthworms on soil fertility and SOM in QSMAS is poorly understood. This study examined the role of Pontoscolex corethrurus in QSMAS by comparing their influence on aggregate-associated SOM and fertilizer dynamics with their effects under SB and secondary forest in a replicated field trial. Both the fertilized QSMAS and SB treatments had plots receiving additions of inorganic 15N and P, as well as plots with no inorganic N additions. Earthworm populations were manipulated in field microcosms at the beginning of the rainy season within each management treatment via additions of P. corethrurus or complete removal of existing earthworm populations. Microcosms were destructively sampled at harvest of Zea mays and soils were wet-sieved (using 53, 250 and 2000\u00a0\u03bcm mesh sizes) to isolate different aggregate size fractions, which were analyzed for total C, N and 15N. The effects of management system were smaller than expected, likely due to disturbance associated with the microcosm installation. Contrary to our hypothesis that earthworms would stabilize organic matter in soil aggregates, P. corethrurus decreased total soil C by 3% in the surface layer (0\u201315\u00a0cm), predominantly through a decrease in the C concentration of macroaggregates (>250\u00a0\u03bcm) and a corresponding depletion of C in coarse particulate organic matter occluded within macroaggregates. Earthworms also decreased bulk density by over 4%, but had no effect on aggregate size distribution. Within the two fertilized treatments, the QSMAS appeared to retain slightly more fertilizer derived N in smaller aggregate fractions (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agroecosystems", "materia organica del suelo", "aplicacion de abonos", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "oligochaeta", "fertilization", "soil organic matter", "agroecosistemas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "honduras"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.03.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.03.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.03.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.03.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-28", "title": "Effect Of Management Practices And Cropping Systems On Earthworm Abundance And Microbial Activity In Sanborn Field: A 115-Year-Old Agricultural Field", "description": "Abstract   Sanborn Field, an agricultural demonstration field at the University of Missouri-Columbia, has over 100 years of cropping histories and management practices implemented at this site. We examined the effect of these cropping systems and management practices on earthworm populations and microbial activity. A field experiment was conducted to characterize and quantify earthworms and to determine the microbial activity in the same selected plots. We sampled 14 plots at the site, six of which were the original plots established in 1888 with the same cropping histories and management, and eight of which had been modified over the years to accommodate changing farmer needs and scientific questions. Earthworms and soil samples were collected in the spring and fall of 1999.  Aporrectodea trapezoides ,  Aporrectodea caliginosa , and  Lumbricus terrestris  were the dominant species found in this field.  Lumbricus terrestris  was commonly associated with the no-tillage plot at Sanborn Field. Due partly to soil moisture conditions, most of the species were found and identified during the spring. Microbial activity, as expected, was greatest during the spring. Manure, no-tillage and crop rotations that include legumes had the greatest earthworm abundance and microbial activity. In general, where no fertility treatments were added to soil or where food sources were lacking, earthworm abundance decreased significantly. The abundance of earthworms found in this field reflected the cropping history and management practices used recently and within the last 100 years. In most cases, microbial activity showed similar trends as earthworm density. However, some dynamic microbial transformations, like nitrification, do not always follow the same trend as potential soil quality biotic indicators. Earthworms, along with microbial activity, may serve as useful soil quality indicators in sustained and short-term field trials.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Victoria C. Hubbard, D Jordan, R.J Miles, T Lorenz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-18", "title": "The Influence Of Mineral And Organic Fertilisers On The Growth Of The Endogeic Earthworm Octolasion Tyrtaeum (Savigny)", "description": "Summary   Endogeic earthworms play an important role in mobilisation and stabilisation of carbon and nitrogen in forest and arable soils. Soil organic matter is the major food resource for endogeic earthworms, but little is known about the size and origin of the organic matter pool on which the earthworms actually live. We measured changes in body mass of juvenile endogeic earthworms,  Octolasion tyrtaeum  (Savigny), in soils with different C and N contents resulting from different fertiliser treatments. The soil was taken from a long-term experiment (Statischer Dungungsversuch, Bad Lauchstadt, Germany). The treatments included (1) non-fertilised soil, (2) NPK fertilised soil, (3) farmyard manure fertilised soil and (4) NPK + farmyard manure fertilised soil. The soil was incubated in microcosms with and without one juvenile  O. tyrtaeum  for 80 days.  Earthworm biomass decreased in non-fertilised soil by 48.6%, in NPK soil by 9.4%, but increased in farmyard manure soil by 19.7% and 42.8% (soil with additional NPK application). In farmyard manure treatments the biomass of bigger individuals decreased, but in smaller individuals it increased. In NPK fertilised soil without farmyard manure only small  O. tyrtaeum  increased in body mass, whereas in the non-fertilised soil all individuals decreased in body mass. Generally, soil respiration correlated positively with soil carbon content. Earthworms significantly increased soil respiration and nitrogen leaching and this was most pronounced in farmyard manure treatments. Microbial activity was generally higher in farmyard manure soil indicating that farmyard manure increases labile organic matter pools in soil. Also, biomass of earthworms and microorganisms was increased in farmyard manure soil. The presence of earthworms reduced microbial biomass, suggesting that earthworms feed on microorganisms or/and that earthworms and soil microorganisms competed for similar organic matter pools in soil. The results demonstrate that NPK fertilisation only is insufficient to sustain  O. tyrtaeum , whereas long-term fertilisation with farmyard manure enables survival of endogeic species due to an increased pool of utilisable soil organic matter in arable soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sven Marhan, Sven Marhan, Stefan Scheu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-19", "title": "Comparison Of Measured Changes In Seasonal Soil Water Content By Rainfed Maize-Bean Intercrop And Component Cropping Systems In A Semi-Arid Region Of Southern Africa", "description": "Abstract   Seasonal water content fluctuation within the effective root zone was monitored during the growing season for a maize-bean intercrop (IMB), sole maize (SM) and sole bean (SB) in Free State Province, Republic of South Africa. Comparisons were undertaken for progressive depths of extraction 0\u2013300\u00a0mm; 300\u2013600\u00a0mm and 600\u2013900\u00a0mm respectively. These enabled the understanding of water extraction behavior of the cropping systems within the different soil layers including the topsoil surface normally influenced by soil surface evaporation.  Additive intercrops have been known to conserve water, largely due to the early high leaf area index and the higher total leaf area. In this study, the combined effect of the intercrop components seemed to lower the total water demand by the intercrop compared to the sole crops. During the two seasons (2000/2001 and 2001/2002) the drained upper limit (DUL) and crop lower limits (CLL) were determined. The maize-bean intercrop, sole maize and sole bean had CLL of 141\u00a0mm/m, 149\u00a0mm/m and 159\u00a0mm/m respectively. The DUL was 262\u00a0mm/m for the site and therefore the potential plant extractable soil water for the cropping systems were: 121\u00a0mm/m (IMB); 114\u00a0mm/m (SM) and 103\u00a0mm/m (SB). Overall, the intercrop did not have significantly different total soil water extraction during both seasons, although it was additive, showing that it had higher water to biomass conversion.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physics%20and%20Chemistry%20of%20the%20Earth%2C%20Parts%20A/B/C", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-13", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Paddy Field As Affected By Water-Saving Irrigation", "description": "Abstract   Water-saving practices for rice production has become one of the major agricultural policies in China due to the severe water scarcity. However, greenhouse gases emissions from paddy field may be changed with water-saving practices. In the two-year field experiment at Thaihu Lake Basin of China, CH 4  and N 2 O fluxes from paddy field under controlled irrigation and continuous flooding irrigation were monitored using closed chambers. Total CH 4  emission from paddy field under controlled irrigation during the rice-growing period were 2.47 and 1.88\u00a0g\u00a0m \u22122  in 2006 and 2007, respectively, reduced by 79.1% on average compared with continuous flooding irrigation. The CH 4  emission from paddy field was further concentrated in the initial and middle tillering stages of rice growth under controlled irrigation for 2\u00a0years. The N 2 O emission from paddy field under controlled irrigation was mostly larger than those from flooding irrigation during the rice-growing period. Total N 2 O emission from paddy field under controlled irrigation during the rice-growing period was 106\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 , increased by 10.6% compared with those from flooding irrigation. Carbon dioxide equivalents of CH 4  and N 2 O emissions from paddy field during the rice-growing period under controlled irrigation were 788\u00a0kg CO 2  ha \u22121 , reduced by 61.4% compared with those from flooding irrigation. It can be concluded that controlled irrigation is an effective technique for mitigating the carbon dioxide equivalents of CH 4  and N 2 O emissions from paddy field.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physics%20and%20Chemistry%20of%20the%20Earth%2C%20Parts%20A/B/C", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-03-11", "title": "Effects Of Land-Use Change On Soil Microbial C, N And P In A Himalayan Watershed", "description": "Abstract   Soil microbial C, N and P as affected by land-use change were studied in a Himalayan watershed at Sikkim, India. The major land-uses considered were forests (dense and open), agroforestry types (large cardamom and mandarin), open cropped and wasteland areas covering subtropical and temperate zones. Across the land-use, microbial C ranged from 219 to 864\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g\u22121, microbial N from 30 to 142\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g\u22121, and microbial P from 12 to 43\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0g\u22121 soils. The microbial C, N and P were positively related to each other. The microbial C:N ratio in these soils ranged from 6 to 11 and the microbial C:P ratio from 18 to 27. The conversion of forests into other land-uses resulted in a remarkable decline in the amounts of soil nutrients and microbial C, N and P. The microbial nutrients in the Himalayan region are very sensitive to land-use/cover changes. Therefore, the conversion of forest to agricultural land should be reversed. Agroforestry systems should be included in agricultural land in mountainous regions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2003.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Soil Fauna In Sheep-Grazed Hill Pastures Under Organic And Conventional Livestock Management And In An Adjacent Ungrazed Pasture", "description": "Abstract   Organic pasture management includes a focus on mixed livestock grazing, restrictions on nutrient inputs and livestock pest control. These are all factors which influence the environment of soil invertebrates. In this study, soil macrofauna, mesofauna and microfauna were collected from duplicate 11 and 20 year old organic and conventional legume-based sheep-grazed pasture systems. Pastures in both systems had received the same annual input of reactive phosphate rock and elemental sulphur and were stocked with the same numbers of sheep. The major difference between the two systems was absence of the chemical control of livestock pests on the organic system, resulting in lower sheep liveweights. Two ungrazed pastures which had not received any nutrient inputs for 20+ years were also sampled as part of the study to provide an additional contrast.  No significant differences in either the diversity or abundance of the soil invertebrate community were found between the organic and conventional systems, despite the use of chemicals in the conventional system. The lack of difference suggests that many of the observed and reported responses to organic management reflect altered nutrient inputs and grazing management (which were the same in the current study), rather than the cessation of chemical controls in the organic system. In contrast, the invertebrate community in the unfertilised, ungrazed pasture was distinctly different from both the grazed systems. The ungrazed pasture had a higher diversity with more New Zealand endemic species than the grazed pasture. This included twice as many large Oribatida as soil pore size increased. The lower litter quality from the lack of nutrient inputs in the ungrazed pasture was reflected in both lower earthworm abundance and the Nematode Channel Ratio (indicative of a higher proportion of fungal- than bacterial-feeding nematodes), than the grazed pasture.  We conclude that organic management when limited to a comparison of livestock pest control is not beneficial to soil invertebrates. Management practices such as stocking rates and fertiliser regime, by altering the soil physical environment and food resources, are more important in influencing invertebrate populations in this soil. Some would argue these altered management practices are an integral part of an organic production system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-22", "title": "Effects Of Heavy Metals On The Litter Consumption By The Earthworm Lumbricus Rubellus In Field Soils", "description": "Aim of this study was to determine effects of heavy metals on litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in National Park the 'Brabantsche Biesbosch', the Netherlands. Adult L. rubellus were collected from 12 polluted and from one unpolluted field site. Earthworms collected at the unpolluted site were kept in their native soil and in soil from each of the 12 Biesbosch sites. Earthworms collected in the Biesbosch were kept in their native soils. Non-polluted poplar (Populus sp.) litter was offered as a food source and litter consumption and earthworm biomass were determined after 54 days. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined in soil, pore water and 0.01 M CaCl&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; extracts of the soil and in earthworms. In spite of low available metal concentrations in the polluted soils, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in L. rubellus were increased. The litter consumption rate per biomass was positively related to internal Cd and Zn concentrations of earthworms collected from the Biesbosch and kept in native soil. A possible explanation is an increased demand for energy, needed for the regulation and detoxification of heavy metals. Litter consumption per biomass of earthworms from the reference site and kept in the polluted Biesbosch soils, was not related to any of the determined soil characteristics and metal concentrations. \u00a9 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P.H.F. Hobbelen, J.E. Koolhaas, C.A.M. van Gestel,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-19", "title": "Effects Of The Earthworm Pontoscolex Corethrurus On Banana Plants Infected Or Not With The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Radopholus Similis", "description": "Summary   Radopholus similis is a worldwide endoparasitic nematode that greatly hampers banana (Musa acuminata, Cavendish subgroup) productivity. Earthworms are known to closely interact with above-ground and under-ground soil biota and particularly with plants and microfaunal communities. This study was aimed at investigating, under greenhouse conditions, the effects of the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on banana growth and nutrient uptake, and assessing the influences of this earthworm on the development of an inoculated population of R. similis. Six-week-old tissue culture banana plants were submitted to four treatments: with P. corethrurus, R. similis, P. corethrurus+R. similis, and a control with no earthworms or nematodes. At the end of the experiment, the P. corethrurus treatments showed significantly higher leaf surface areas, shoot dry root weights, and root fresh weights than those without earthworms. This root growth enhancement probably contributed to the evident but non-significant decrease in the density of nematodes in the roots, even though earthworms did not reduce the total number of nematodes per whole root system. Moreover, the presence of earthworms slightly alleviated the severity of root damage. N bioavailability in the soil, along with N, Ca, and Mg content of banana plants, were also significantly increased in the presence of earthworms. Our results demonstrated that banana plant growth and nutrition were positively influenced by earthworms. Cropping practices that boost the development of earthworm communities in soil should therefore be promoted to enhance sustainability and to naturally alleviate nematode impact.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "PRATYLENCHIDAE", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "endogeic species", "nutrient uptake", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29111", "pratylenchidae", "F62 - Physiologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale - Croissance et d\u00e9veloppement", "lutte antin\u00e9matode", "Musa acuminata", "630", "[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "absorption de substances nutritives", "Oligochaeta", "GLOSSOSCOLECIDAE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4993", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "MUSA ACUMINATA", "BANANIER", "ENDOGEIC SPECIES", "NUTRIENT UPTAKE", "Musa", "plant growth", "promotion", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "culture sous abri", "H10 - Ravageurs des plantes", "croissance", "Radopholus similis", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24799", "6. Clean water", "PLANT GROWTH", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "glossoscolecidae", "PROMOTION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5273", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5110", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6243"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-19", "title": "Charcoal And Smoke Extract Stimulate The Soil Microbial Community In A Highly Weathered Xanthic Ferralsol", "description": "Summary   The influence of charcoal and smoke condensates (pyroligneous acid, PA) on microbial activity in a highly weathered Amazonian upland soil was assessed via measurements of basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and exponential population increase after substrate addition. PA extracts are commonly used for fertilizer or as pest control in Brazil, where phosphorus (P) availability and nitrogen (N) leaching are among the most severe limitations for agriculture. Microbes play an important role in nutrient cycling and solubilizing of phosphate. BR, microbial biomass, population growth and the microbe's efficiency (expressed by the metabolic quotient) increased linearly and significantly with increasing charcoal concentrations (50, 100 and 150\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121  soil). Application of PA caused a sharp increase in all parameters. We suppose that the condensates from smoke contain easily degradable substances and only small amounts of inhibitory agents, which could be utilized by the microbes for their metabolism.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Long-Term Fertilization Regimes Influence Fame Profiles Of Microbial Communities In An Arable Sandy Loam Soil In Northern China", "description": "Soil samples collected from a long-term (19-year) experimental field with seven treatments were analyzed for fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) to determine fertilization regime effects on microbial community structure in sandy loam soils. The amounts of FAMEs in bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were highest with the two organic manure (OM)-fertilized treatments (OM and 1/2 OMN \u2013 half OM plus half mineral fertilizer), lowest with the NK treatment, and fell in the middle levels with three mineral P-fertilized treatments (NPK, NP and PK) and the control with no fertilizer (CK), with the exception of fungi which showed no significant difference among the five treatments without OM fertilization. Principal component analysis of FAME patterns indicated that NPK was not significantly different from CK, but the two manure-containing treatments and the P-deficiency treatment (NK) were significantly different from CK and NPK. Redundancy analysis plot showed that FAME amounts significantly correlated to soil organic C and total N contents, while soil available P and total P contents, which were greatly decreased by the NK treatment, also had positive and substantial effects on soil microbial FAMEs. The results demonstrated the importance of P fertilization as well as organic manure in maintaining soil microbial biomass and impacting community structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.03.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-23", "title": "Effects Of Different Land Use On Soil Chemical Properties, Decomposition Rate And Earthworm Communities In Tropical Mexico", "description": "Summary   The effects of land use on soil chemical properties were evaluated, and earthworm communities and the decomposition rate of three typical land use systems in tropical Mexico, namely banana plantations (B), agroforestry systems (AF) and a successional forest (S) were compared.  The study was carried out from November 2005 to April 2006. A completely randomized sampling design was established in six sites (B1, B2, AF1, AF2, S1 and S2). Soil properties and chemical characteristics (texture, pH, organic carbon (Corg), nutrients, and available Zn and Mn), earthworm communities and the decomposition of Bravaisia integerrima and Musa acuminata litter were analyzed over a period of 8 weeks.  All soils were loamy clays with a medium to high content of nutrients. Three principal clusters were generated with the soil chemical properties: a first cluster for forest soils with high Corg and Ntot and low available Zn content, a second cluster for AF1 and a third cluster for B1, B2 and A2.  The decomposition of B. integerrima litter was significantly faster (half-life time: 1.8 (AF2)\u20133.1 (B1) weeks) than that of M. acuminata (4.1 (AF2)\u20135.8 (S2) weeks). However, the decomposition rates did not differ significantly among the different sites.  The greatest earthworm diversities were observed in AF2 and B1. Native species were dominant in the forest soils, whereas exotic species dominated in AF and in the banana plantations. The abundance and biomass of certain earthworm species were correlated to physical and chemical soil parameters. However, litter decomposition rates were not correlated with any of the soil physical\u2013chemical parameters.  While none of the land use systems studied led to a decrease in nutrient status, earthworm biodiversity and abundance, or in litter decomposition rate, they did result in a change in earthworm species composition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "native earthworms", "leaf-litter decomposition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "wet forest"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.03.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.03.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.03.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.03.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-17", "title": "Inter-Annual Variation In Soil Extra-Cellular Enzyme Activity In Response To Simulated Global Change And Fire Disturbance", "description": "Abstract   The interactive effects of global change drivers (e.g. climate change, nitrogen deposition, and elevated CO2) on soil microbial activity have important implications for ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. However, these interactions have primarily been explored in single-year, single-factor studies despite the reality of multiple simultaneous global changes. We measured the activity of six enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b1-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylosidase, acid phosphatase, and N-acetylglucosaminidase) for 3 years (2004\u20132006) following wildfire (2003) at the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (JRGCE), a long-term multi-factor global change experiment in a California annual grassland. JRGCE manipulations include climate change (elevated temperature and precipitation), nitrogen addition, and elevated CO2. In general we found only minimal interactions among treatments and found the strongest main effects from nitrogen addition and burning. Enzyme activities increased under elevated nitrogen, a response that persisted throughout the 3 years of the study. Wildfire was slightly related to decreased enzyme activities (by 10\u201320%) in 2004, with a larger decrease (by 25\u201350%) in 2005. The response was gone by 2006, suggesting that the microbial community was able to recover by 3 years following wildfire. Finally, enzyme responses to treatments, even where statistically significant, were of smaller magnitude than annual variation in activity. We propose that overall decreases in enzyme activity from 2004 to 2006 were due to decreased temperature and increased precipitation in 2005 and 2006 relative to 2004. Our results suggest that while it is important to assess response to specific global change treatment and treatment interactions, these responses (A) may change over time and (B) should be characterized within the context of inter-annual fluctuation in microbial community function.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-07", "title": "Fine Scale Variability In Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity Is Insensitive To Rain Events And Temperature In A Mesic System", "description": "Abstract   While soil extracellular enzyme assays (EEAs) are frequently used to infer soil microbial function, the data typically reflect a small number of sampling points across a season, and it is unclear to what extent soil EEA may vary on the time scale of days to weeks. Rain events, in particular, may cause rapid shifts in EEA, and fine scale temporal data are needed to properly assess the generality of EEA data collected at coarser time scales. We examined soil EEA 2\u20133 times per week in the field from June to November in the context of natural rain events and temperature fluctuations, and explored how long-term water addition altered EEA responses. We also tested the short-term effects of water addition on the distribution of EEA in intact soil mesocoms and leachate. There was little temporal variation in EEA for the hydrolases phosphatase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and \u03b2-glucosidase, despite the occurrence of multiple large rain events and large soil temperature fluctuations. Phenol oxidase activity correlated significantly with seasonal trends in temperature and soil moisture, but was highly variable at short time scales, and the latter did not correlate significantly with short-term changes in soil microclimate. EEA generally increased in response to long-term water addition, and in soil mesocosms water addition did not significantly redistribute EEA among the upper and lower soil layers, and leachate EEA was three orders of magnitude lower than soil EEA. Overall, our results reveal relatively minor short-term variation in EEA for hydrolase enzymes, and no discernable response to temperature fluctuations or precipitation over the short term. However, high short-term variation in phenol oxidase activity suggests that it may be difficult to infer temporal trends in EEA for this enzyme from a limited number of sampling points.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.07.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-23", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Temperature, Soil Moisture And Enchytraeid Activities On C Losses From A Peatland Soil", "description": "Abstract   Recent evidence indicates that our current soil C stores may be already changing from carbon sinks to sources, with reported increasing C losses in both gaseous (soil respiration) and aqueous (dissolved organic carbon, DOC forms) across large areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Current debates have mainly focused on climatic variables; however, accounting for the abiotic and biotic interactions is required to enable better quantifications of C dynamics. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the interactive effects of temperature, moisture and dominant mesofauna (enchytraeids) changes on C losses by incubating root-free sieved soil samples from a peatland soil during 13 weeks at two temperature (14 and 19\u00a0\u00b0C) and two moisture (85 and 60% WHC) treatments under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that neither temperature nor moisture and invertebrates had a significant effect on respiration rates. In contrast, under favourable moisture conditions, the temperature induced changes in enchytraeid population numbers resulted in more DOC being released from these soils, possibly linked to the positive effects of animal activities on iron mobilisation and buffering the pH of the soil solution. Our results also confirmed that moisture contents of 60% WHC could severely affect their population numbers in these organic soils and hence, the functioning of these vulnerable ecosystems. Importantly, in agreement with previous studies, availability of easily accessible C sources seems to be a critical factor in the progressive declines of soil respiration and DOC production rates over time. Taken these findings together it is possible to conclude that the combined action of abiotic factors and their influence on soil fauna populations plays a key role in controlling SOM decomposition rates of these peatland soils.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.07.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.07.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.07.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.07.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-10", "title": "The Impact Of Exogenous Organic Matter On Som Contents And Microbial Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract   Eight fertilization strategies were compared in a field trial on Alfisol in Belgium (humid temperate climate): cattle slurry (CSL); farmyard manure (FYM); vegetable, fruit and garden waste compost (VFG); high C/N farm compost (FCP1); low C/N farm compost (FCP2); exclusively mineral fertilizer (MIN N); no fertilization (NF+), no fertilization and no crop (NF\u2212). After five growing seasons, VFG resulted in the highest soil organic C (1.46% SOC) and total N contents (0.117%TN). SOC and TN contents of the MIN N plots, on the other hand, remained unchanged and were even similar to those of NF+ plots, despite greater biomass production on the MIN N plots than on the NF+ plots. Application of organic matter mostly increased dehydrogenase, \u03b2-glucosidase and \u03b2-glucosaminidase activity, but only FYM raised the activity of all three enzymes significantly compared to MIN N. Of the five organic amendments tested, only VFG suppressed  Rhizoctonia solani  (65% suppressiveness). Plots treated with FCP1, on the other hand, were highly conducive to  R. solani  (28.3% suppressiveness). Suppressiveness against  R. solani  probably depended on the maturity and cellulose content of the organic amendments. Highest microbial biomass C contents were found in the VFG plots. PLFA 16:1\u03c95c contents sensitively reacted to the different treatments and were significantly higher in VFG than in MIN N plots (3.84 and 2.20\u00a0nmol\u00a0g \u22121  dry soil, respectively). Finally, a soil quality index was developed using stepwise canonical discriminant analysis. \u03b2-glucosaminidase and \u03b2-glucosidase activity, and TN content were the most important parameters of the index. According to this index, FYM resulted in a significantly higher soil quality than the other treatments. We conclude that farmyard manure seems to be the preferred organic amendment for maintaining soil quality in arable fields under temperate climatic conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.10.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-31", "title": "Grazing, Regional Climate And Soil Biophysical Impacts On Microbial Enzyme Activity In Grassland Soil Of Western Canada", "description": "Abstract   Grasslands cover more than 25% of the terrestrial surface of the Earth and hold 30% of the world\u2019s terrestrial carbon (C) pool. While nearly all native grassland ecosystems are used for livestock production, sustainably managed grasslands also provide many ecosystem goods and services such as C storage. Despite the importance of grasslands to the global C cycle, little is known about how long-term management practices, including the presence or absence of grazing, directly and indirectly affect the soil microbial processes that regulate C and nutrient cycling. We measured the effect of long-term cattle grazing on microbial extra cellular enzyme activity (EEA) at 12 locations stratified among three distinct grassland types (foothills fescue, aspen parkland, and mixed grass prairie) across Alberta, Canada. Each location included paired grazed and non-grazed plant communities managed this way for at least 30 years. Specifically, we quantified EEA of enzymes responsible for C (\u03b2-1,4-glucosidase, \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase, \u03b2-xylosidase), C and nitrogen ( N -actyl-glucosaminidase), and phosphorous (phosphatase) cycling in soil from 0 to 15 and 15\u201330\u00a0cm depths. Although grazing effects on EEA remained weak (0.05\u00a0\u2264\u00a0 p \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.10) they were relatively consistent among enzymes ( n \u00a0=\u00a03/5), with \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase,  N -actyl-glucosaminidase, and phosphatase EEAs all greater in non-grazed plant communities than in grazed communities. All EEAs were greater in the foothills fescue and mixed grass regions than in the parkland with the exception of \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase, which was relatively high at all locations. Multivariate analyses suggested the soil properties that best describe EEA are soil pH, organic matter and moisture content, together with total nitrogen (N). Additionally, EEAs were correlated with the cover of several dominant plant species. Four of five EEAs were positively correlated with the grass Festuca campestris , while N and C degrading enzymes were negatively correlated with the grasses  Bouteloua gracilis and Koeleria macrantha , respectively. Net C cycling appears to be strongly controlled by \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase. In conclusion, grazing and associated changes in plant communities appear to decrease the EEAs of some enzymes, suggesting that microbes in non-grazed communities are actively decomposing a relatively greater amount of organic matter. However, when working across broad spatial ranges, our marginally significant results and post-hoc power analysis suggest the need for larger sample sizes (>23 replicates) to further elucidate relationships between EEAs and low intensity disturbances such as cattle grazing.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.10.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.10.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.10.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2015.10.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-13", "title": "Priorities for research in soil ecology", "description": "The ecological interactions that occur in and with soil are of consequence in many ecosystems on the planet. These interactions provide numerous essential ecosystem services, and the sustainable management of soils has attracted increasing scientific and public attention. Although soil ecology emerged as an independent field of research many decades ago, and we have gained important insights into the functioning of soils, there still are fundamental aspects that need to be better understood to ensure that the ecosystem services that soils provide are not lost and that soils can be used in a sustainable way. In this perspectives paper, we highlight some of the major knowledge gaps that should be prioritized in soil ecological research. These research priorities were compiled based on an online survey of 32 editors of Pedobiologia - Journal of Soil Ecology. These editors work at universities and research centers in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia.The questions were categorized into four themes: (1) soil biodiversity and biogeography, (2) interactions and the functioning of ecosystems, (3) global change and soil management, and (4) new directions. The respondents identified priorities that may be achievable in the near future, as well as several that are currently achievable but remain open. While some of the identified barriers to progress were technological in nature, many respondents cited a need for substantial leadership and goodwill among members of the soil ecology research community, including the need for multi-institutional partnerships, and had substantial concerns regarding the loss of taxonomic expertise.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "aboveground-belowground interactions", "Biologia", "Aboveground-belowground interactions", "910", "soil processes", "soil microbial ecology", "Microbial ecology", "Novel environments", "Soil food web", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "0503 Soil Sciences", "Global change", "biodiversity", "ecosystem management", "2. Zero hunger", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "0303 health sciences", "Plant-microbe interaction", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil processes", "climate change", "ekosysteemipalvelut", "Biogeography", "international", "570", "Soil management", "Ecosystem service", "Biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "0607 Plant Biology", "plant-microbe interactions", "soil biodiversity", "Chemical ecology", "Aboveground-belowground interactions; Biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning; Biogeography; Chemical ecology; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Global change; Microbial ecology; Novel environments; Plant-microbe interactions; Soil biodiversity; Soil food web; Soil management; Soil processes", "climatic changes", "eli\u00f6maantiede", "12. Responsible consumption", "Aboveground-belowground interaction", "03 medical and health sciences", "soil food web", "Novel environment", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Ecosystem services", "Biology", "global change", "maaper\u00e4nsuojelu", "chemical ecology", "500", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "biodiversiteetti", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "mikrobiekologia", "13. Climate action", "ilmastonmuutos", "novel environments", "ta1181", "soil management", "Plant-microbe interactions", "0703 Crop And Pasture Production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://usiena-air.unisi.it/bitstream/11365/1134372/2/Eisenhauer_et_al_research_priorities_20170503.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-27", "title": "Leaf and root C-to-N ratios are poor predictors of soil microbial biomass C and respiration across 32 tree species", "description": "Soil microorganisms are the main primary decomposers of plant material and drive biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycles. Hence, knowledge of their nutritional demands and limitations for activity and growth is of particular importance. However, potential effects of the stoichiometry of soil and plant species on soil microbial activity and carbon use efficiency are poorly understood. Soil properties and plant traits are assumed to drive microbial carbon and community structure. We investigated the associations between C and N concentrations of leaf, root, and soil as well as their ratios and soil microbial biomass C and activity (microbial basal respiration and specific respiratory quotient) across 32 young native angiosperm tree species at two locations in Central Germany. Correlations between C:N ratios of leaves, roots, and soil were positive but overall weak. Only regressions between root and leaf C:N ratios as well as between root and soil C:N ratios were significant at one site. Soil microbial properties differed significantly between the two sites and were significantly correlated with soil C:N ratio across sites. Soil C concentrations rather than N concentrations drove significant effects of soil C:N ratio on soil microbial properties. No significant correlations between soil microbial properties and leaf as well as root C:N ratios were found. We found weak correlations of C:N ratios between plant aboveground and belowground tissues. Furthermore, microorganisms were not affected by the stoichiometry of plant tissues in the investigated young trees. The results suggest that soil stoichiometry represents a consistent determinant of soil microbial biomass and respiration. Our study indicates that stoichiometric relationships among tree organs can be weak and poor predictors of soil microbial properties in young tree stands. Further research in controlled experimental settings with a wide range of tree species is needed to study the role of plant chemical traits like the composition and stoichiometry of root exudates in determining interactions between above- and belowground compartments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-28", "title": "Timing Patterns Of Nitrogen Application Alter Plant Production And Co2 Efflux In An Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau, China", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) availability is an important factor that determines ecosystem productivity and respiration, especially in N-limited alpine ecosystems. However, the magnitude of this response depends on the timing and amounts of N input. Moreover, we have only a limited understanding of the potential effects of the timing of N fertilization on ecosystem carbon (C) and N processes, and activities of the soil microbes. A nitrogen fertilization experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau to determine how plant productivity and ecosystem respiration ( RE ) respond to the timing and amount of N application. In this study, half of the N was added either in the early spring (ES), before the growing season, or in the late fall (LF), after the growing season. All treatments received the other half of the N in mid-July. Three N levels (10, 20, 40\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0hm \u22122 \u00a0yr \u22121 ) were used for each of two N treatments, with no N addition used as a control. Plant aboveground biomass, ecosystem respiration ( RE ) and soil respiration ( RS ) were measured for the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The LF treatment enhanced ecosystem CO 2  efflux compared with the ES treatment at high N addition levels, resulting from an increase of soil dissolved organic C (DOC) and soil microbial activity. The ES treatment resulted in increased plant aboveground biomass when compared with LF during both growing seasons, although this increase accounted for little variation in ecosystem and soil respiration. Overall, the ES treatment is likely to increase the ecosystem C pool, while the LF treatment could accelerate ecosystem C cycling, especially for the high N treatment. Our results suggest that supplying N during the early stage of the growing season benefits both forage production and soil C sequestration in this alpine ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=3100&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=3100&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=3050", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Agriculture&offset=3150", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8334, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:58:50.612246Z"}