{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-20", "title": "On the apparent viscosity of granular soils during liquefaction tests", "description": "Liquefaction is a phenomenon marked by a rapid loss of soil strength and stiffness, which generally occurs in loose saturated sandy deposit during earthquake because of the generation of excess pore water pressure. Several experimental researches concluded that liquefied soil behaves as a fluid during ground movement, but after the earthquake motion ceases, due to the dissipation of excess pore water pressure and soil dilatancy, the liquefied soil recovers its initial stiffness and returns to behave as a solid. Such a change of state can be analysed by considering the soil as an equivalent visco-plastic material, characterized by an apparent viscosity (\u03b7) that changes during the cyclic loading. Following this approach, the authors analysed the results of some cyclic undrained triaxial tests carried out on reconstituted and undisturbed (frozen) specimens of sandy and gravelly soils in terms of apparent viscosity decay law (\u03b7-Ncyc), highlighting the relevance of \u03b7 as physically based parameter for the correct identification of the liquefaction triggering. The experimental results confirm that the apparent viscosity decreases with the increase of the shear strain rate and highlight that the flow characteristics of liquefied soils (consistency coefficient and liquidity index) are affected by both grain size distributions and soil state conditions (relative density and confining stress).", "keywords": ["soil liquefaction", "Apparent viscosity", "Soil liquefaction", "Apparent viscosity; Soil liquefaction; Undrained cyclic triaxial tests", "Undrained cyclic triaxial tests", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "apparent viscosity", "undrained cyclic triaxial tests"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10518-019-00706-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-43305-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:18:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-03", "title": "Soil amendments with ethylene precursor alleviate negative impacts of salinity on soil microbial properties and productivity", "description": "Abstract

Some microbes enhance stress tolerance in plants by minimizing plant ethylene levels via degradation of its immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), in the rhizosphere. In return, ACC is used by these microbes as a source of nitrogen. This mutualistic relationship between plants and microbes may be used to promote soil properties in stressful environments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that amendments of ACC in soils reshape the structure of soil microbiome and alleviate the negative impacts of salinity on soil properties. We treated non-saline and artificially-developed saline soils with ACC in different concentrations for 14 days. The structure of soil microbiome, soil microbial properties and productivity were examined. Our results revealed that microbial composition of bacteria, archaea and fungi in saline soils was affected by ACC amendments; whereas community composition in non-saline soils was not affected. The amendments of ACC could not fully counteract the negative effects of salinity on soil microbial activities and productivity, but increased the abundance of ACC deaminase-encoding gene (acdS), enhanced soil microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, nitrogen and carbon cycling potentials and Arabidopsis biomass in saline soils. Collectively, our study indicates that ACC amendments in soils could efficiently ameliorate salinity impacts on soil properties and plant biomass production.Some microbes enhance stress tolerance in plants by minimizing plant ethylene levels via degradation of its immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), in the rhizosphere. In return, ACC is used by these microbes as a source of nitrogen. This mutualistic relationship between plants and microbes may be used to promote soil properties in stressful environments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that amendments of ACC in soils reshape the structure of soil microbiome and alleviate the negative impacts of salinity on soil properties. We treated non-saline and artificially-developed saline soils with ACC in different concentrations for 14 days. The structure of soil microbiome, soil microbial properties and productivity were examined. Our results revealed that microbial composition of bacteria, archaea and fungi in saline soils was affected by ACC amendments; whereas community composition in non-saline soils was not affected. The amendments of ACC could not fully counteract the negative effects of salinity on soil microbial activities and productivity, but increased the abundance of ACC deaminase-encoding gene (acdS), enhanced soil microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, nitrogen and carbon cycling potentials and Arabidopsis biomass in saline soils. Collectively, our study indicates that ACC amendments in soils could efficiently ameliorate salinity impacts on soil properties and plant biomass production.