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Their impact is assessed using a partial equilibrium mathematical programming model that maximises the farm net margin resulting from the use of the available water resources for irrigation in the area. Our results show that the buyback of groundwater pumping rights is the option with the greatest public budgetary cost and economic impact. On the contrary, the combination of an environmental tax on groundwater pumping and the substitution of groundwater by subsidised desalinised water allow eliminating aquifer overdraft in the area while minimising the public budgetary cost and the economic impact on the agricultural sector.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "HD101-1395.5", "05 social sciences", "0207 environmental engineering", "Economic growth", " development", " planning", "02 engineering and technology", "econom\u00eda del agua", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "0502 economics and business", "8. 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