{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-10", "title": "Reforesting Degraded Agricultural Landscapes With Eucalypts: Effects On Carbon Storage And Soil Fertility After 26 Years", "description": "In the Western Australian wheatbelt, the restoration of native eucalypt forests for managing degraded agricultural landscapes is a critical part of managing dryland salinity and rebuilding biodiversity. Such reforestation will also sequester carbon. Whereas most investigative emphasis has been on carbon stored in biomass, the effects of reforestation on soil organic carbon (SOC) stores and fertility are not known. Two 26 year old reforestation experiments with four Eucalyptus species (E. cladocalyx var nana, E. occidentalis, E. sargentii and E. wandoo) were compared with agricultural sites (Field). SOC stores (to 0.3 m depth) ranged between 33 and 55 Mg ha\u22121, with no statistically significant differences between tree species and adjacent farmland. Farming comprised crop and pasture rotations. In contrast, the reforested plots contained additional carbon in the tree biomass (23\u201360 Mg ha\u22121) and litter (19\u201334 Mg ha\u22121), with the greatest litter accumulation associated with E. sargentii. Litter represented between 29 and 56% of the biomass carbon and the protection or utilization of this litter in fire-prone, semi-arid farmland will be an important component of carbon management. Exch-Na and Exch-Mg accumulated under E. sargentii and E. occidentalis at one site. The results raise questions about the conclusions of SOC sequestration studies following reforestation based on limited sampling and reiterate the importance of considering litter in reforestation carbon accounts.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-09", "title": "Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe \u2013 Legacy of the past and turning point for the future", "description": "<p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Soil remediation techniques should be developed to keep the levels of pesticide residues below such benchmarks. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures and their residence time in soil. &amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Portugal", "Pesticide Residues", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "EU agricultural soils", "Europe", "Soil", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Mixtures of pesticide residues; EU agricultural soils Organic", " conventional farming", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic and conventional farming", "Netherlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "The Practical Use Of Water Management Based On Soil Redox Potential For Decreasing Methane Emission From A Paddy Field In Japan", "description": "Abstract   Water management is one of the most effective options in decreasing methane (CH4) emission from a paddy field. We have proposed the water management based on soil redox potential (Eh) named \u2018Eh control\u2019, and demonstrated the effectiveness of Eh control in decreasing CH4 emission in pot experiments. The objective of the present study was to consider the practicability of Eh control under field conditions.  Two-year experiments were carried out in a paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan in 2003 and 2004. Experimental factors were water management and rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar: Koshihikari) straw treatment. Two methods of water management during rice growing period were continuous flooding and Eh control. For Eh control, drainage was carried out whenever the soil Eh decreased to \u2212150\u00a0mV, and flooding was carried out whenever the soil Eh increased to 0\u00a0mV in 2003 and 100\u00a0mV in 2004. Two methods of rice straw treatment were application and removal in the preceding winters of all straw harvested. The CH4 flux was measured by a closed chamber method and the total emission during the growing period was estimated. Rice grain and straw yields were examined by a quadrat sampling method. The yield component was analyzed only in 2004.  The total CH4 emission was decreased by Eh control to 36% of continuous flooding on the 2-year average. Although straw application hastened the decrease in soil Eh when compared with straw removal, it did not affect the total CH4 emission. Rice grain and straw yields were not affected by the experimental factors. However, yield component analysis showed that Eh control increased the number of panicles per hill and resulted in increased brown rice yield. Straw application also increased the number of panicles per hill, but did not affect brown rice yield.  Consequently, the present study demonstrates the practicability of Eh control under the field conditions on an experimental level. Two important suggestions were obtained from the above results. One is that Eh control decreases CH4 emission to a minimum level according to the range of soil Eh determined. Another is that it may be possible to change the range of soil Eh to a more positive value that will decrease CH4 emission more and increase rice grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-19", "title": "Organic carbon content controls the severity of water repellency and the critical moisture level across New Zealand pasture soils", "description": "<p>Organic matter can render soil hydrophobic and cause soil water repellency (SWR) which has large implications for agriculture. Consequences such as fingered flow, uneven wetting patterns, and increased overland flow reduce irrigation efficiency and plant nutrient availability. The phenomenon of SWR is a transient soil property depending, inter alia, on soil water content (w). Soil can exhibit SWR from oven-dry w until the critical w where it again becomes fully wettable (w<sub>NON</sub>). The total SWR can be obtained from the nonlinear SWR-w relationship as the integrated trapezoidal area under the SWR-w curve (SWR<sub>AREA</sub>). We analyzed 78 soil samples, representing five dominant soil orders in the South Island of New Zealand. The soils had a large range in clay (0.000\u20130.520 kg kg<sup>\u22121</sup>) and organic carbon (OC) content (0.021\u20130.217 kg kg<sup>\u22121</sup>). The degree of SWR was measured on soils at air-dry conditions (SWR<sub>AD</sub>) and after heat-pretreatment at 60 (SWR<sub>60</sub>) and 105\u00b0C (SWR<sub>105</sub>). Further, SWR was measured in small w increments above air-dry w until w<sub>NON</sub> was reached. The SWR-w curves were either unimodal or bimodal, or no SWR occurred. SWR<sub>AREA</sub> ranged from 0.16 to 26.82 mN m<sup>\u22121</sup> kg kg<sup>\u22121</sup>. Among the five soil orders tested, the Podzols exhibited the highest severity in SWR, whereas the Semiarid soils were the least hydrophobic soils. In conclusion, OC was the main factor for controlling the severity of SWR. Though, pH also had minor effects on SWR. Further, an upper limit critical water content was derived from the simple relationship between the w<sub>NON</sub> and OC, which could be applied to improve irrigation practices of pastoral soils. However, there is a need for further testing on different soils and land uses.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "05 Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "06 Biological Sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3168726210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:23:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-13", "title": "A talaj elektromos vezet\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge \u00e9s a term\u0151helyi z\u00f3n\u00e1k talajtulajdons\u00e1gai k\u00f6z\u00f6tti \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sek", "description": "<p>Vizsg\uffc3\uffa1latunk c\uffc3\uffa9lja az volt, hogy egy Somogyban elhelyezked\uffc5\uff91, dombvid\uffc3\uffa9ki mintater\uffc3\uffbclet sz\uffc3\uffa1nt\uffc3\uffb3in elemezz\uffc3\uffbck a m\uffc3\uffa9rt talaj-vezet\uffc5\uff91k\uffc3\uffa9pess\uffc3\uffa9g (EC) \uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffa9kek \uffc3\uffa9s lehat\uffc3\uffa1rolt term\uffc5\uff91helyi (m\uffc5\uffb1vel\uffc3\uffa9si) z\uffc3\uffb3n\uffc3\uffa1k talajtulajdons\uffc3\uffa1gai k\uffc3\uffb6z\uffc3\uffb6tti \uffc3\uffb6sszef\uffc3\uffbcgg\uffc3\uffa9seket. A vizsg\uffc3\uffa1lt sz\uffc3\uffa1nt\uffc3\uffb3ter\uffc3\uffbcletek l\uffc3\uffb6sz\uffc3\uffb6n kialakult, t\uffc3\uffadpusos Ramann-f\uffc3\uffa9le barna erd\uffc5\uff91talajon \uffc3\uffa9s karbon\uffc3\uffa1tos csernozjom barna erd\uffc5\uff91talajon helyezkednek el. Feltalajuk d\uffc3\uffb6nt\uffc5\uff91en v\uffc3\uffa1lyog \uffc3\uffa9s agyagos v\uffc3\uffa1lyog fizikai f\uffc3\uffa9les\uffc3\uffa9g\uffc5\uffb1. A talaj vezet\uffc5\uff91k\uffc3\uffa9pess\uffc3\uffa9g\uffc3\uffa9t 50 \uffc3\uffa9s 100 cm-es talajm\uffc3\uffa9lys\uffc3\uffa9gben m\uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffbck.</p><p>A mintater\uffc3\uffbclet talajadatait t\uffc3\uffa9rinformatikai \uffc3\uffa1llom\uffc3\uffa1nyba foglaltuk, az adatok rendez\uffc3\uffa9s\uffc3\uffa9t \uffc3\uffa9s azok \uffc3\uffb6sszekapcsol\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1t az ESRI ArcGIS 10.0 programmal v\uffc3\uffa9gezt\uffc3\uffbck el. A t\uffc3\uffa1bl\uffc3\uffa1k heterogenit\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1t mutat\uffc3\uffb3 laborat\uffc3\uffb3riumi talajvizsg\uffc3\uffa1latok eredm\uffc3\uffa9nyeit a m\uffc3\uffa9rt EC \uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffa9kekkel \uffc3\uffb6sszevetett\uffc3\uffbck, amelyhez az IBM SPSS Statistics 20 szoftver seg\uffc3\uffadts\uffc3\uffa9g\uffc3\uffa9vel stepwise-t\uffc3\uffadpus\uffc3\uffba line\uffc3\uffa1ris regresszi\uffc3\uffb3t alkalmaztunk. A regresszi\uffc3\uffb3kat a talajvizsg\uffc3\uffa1latok csoportos\uffc3\uffadt\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1val megegyez\uffc5\uff91en: alap (\uffe2\uff80\uff9ea\uffe2\uff80\uff9d eset), b\uffc5\uff91v\uffc3\uffadtett (\uffe2\uff80\uff9eb\uffe2\uff80\uff9d eset) \uffc3\uffa9s teljesk\uffc3\uffb6r\uffc5\uffb1 (\uffe2\uff80\uff9ec\uffe2\uff80\uff9deset) alapj\uffc3\uffa1n futtattuk le. A sz\uffc3\uffa1m\uffc3\uffadt\uffc3\uffa1sokn\uffc3\uffa1l az \uffe2\uff80\uff9ea\uffe2\uff80\uff9d eset a talajtulajdons\uffc3\uffa1gokat meghat\uffc3\uffa1roz\uffc3\uffb3 fontosabb talajparam\uffc3\uffa9terek (k\uffc3\uffb6t\uffc3\uffb6tts\uffc3\uffa9g, humusz- \uffc3\uffa9s m\uffc3\uffa9sztartalom, k\uffc3\uffa9mhat\uffc3\uffa1s), a \uffe2\uff80\uff9eb\uffe2\uff80\uff9d eset az alap talajparam\uffc3\uffa9tereket \uffc3\uffa9s a makro t\uffc3\uffa1panyagok (NPK ell\uffc3\uffa1totts\uffc3\uffa1got), valamint a \uffe2\uff80\uff9ec\uffe2\uff80\uff9d eset az el\uffc5\uff91z\uffc5\uff91 kett\uffc5\uff91t \uffc3\uffa9s mikro t\uffc3\uffa1panyagok (Mg2+, Na+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, SO42\uffe2\uff80\uff93, Fe2+ + Fe3+) k\uffc3\uffb6r\uffc3\uffa9t jelenti.</p><p>A k\uffc3\uffbcl\uffc3\uffb6nb\uffc3\uffb6z\uffc5\uff91 csoportos\uffc3\uffadt\uffc3\uffa1sban elv\uffc3\uffa9gzett elemz\uffc3\uffa9sek sor\uffc3\uffa1n arra voltunk k\uffc3\uffadv\uffc3\uffa1ncsiak, hogy a vizsg\uffc3\uffa1lati talajparam\uffc3\uffa9terek k\uffc3\uffb6r\uffc3\uffa9nek v\uffc3\uffa1ltoztat\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1val szorosabb kapcsolatokat tal\uffc3\uffa1lunk-e a m\uffc3\uffa9rt \uffc3\uffa1tlagos EC \uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffa9kek \uffc3\uffa9s a talajtulajdons\uffc3\uffa1gok k\uffc3\uffb6z\uffc3\uffb6tt. Az eredm\uffc3\uffa9nyeink \uffc3\uffa1ltal kaphatunk-e olyan kell\uffc5\uff91 pontoss\uffc3\uffa1g\uffc3\uffba \uffc3\uffa9s megb\uffc3\uffadzhat\uffc3\uffb3s\uffc3\uffa1g\uffc3\uffba becsl\uffc5\uff91modellt, amely a talajok t\uffc3\uffa9rbeli heterogenit\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1t megmutatja az EC \uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffa9kek alapj\uffc3\uffa1n, \uffc3\uffadgy a m\uffc3\uffb3dszer nagyban meggyors\uffc3\uffadthatja \uffc3\uffa9s leegyszer\uffc5\uffb1s\uffc3\uffadtheti a \uffe2\uff80\uff9ehagyom\uffc3\uffa1nyos\uffe2\uff80\uff9d talajvizsg\uffc3\uffa1latokhoz k\uffc3\uffa9pest a term\uffc5\uff91helyi z\uffc3\uffb3n\uffc3\uffa1k elk\uffc3\uffbcl\uffc3\uffb6n\uffc3\uffadt\uffc3\uffa9s\uffc3\uffa9t.</p><p>A vizsg\uffc3\uffa1lati eredm\uffc3\uffa9nyeink alapj\uffc3\uffa1n elmondhat\uffc3\uffb3, hogy mindh\uffc3\uffa1rom regresszi\uffc3\uffb3s csoportos\uffc3\uffadt\uffc3\uffa1s eset\uffc3\uffa9n a tengerszint feletti magass\uffc3\uffa1g cs\uffc3\uffb6kken\uffc3\uffa9s\uffc3\uffa9vel ar\uffc3\uffa1nyosan n\uffc5\uff91 a talaj-vezet\uffc5\uff91k\uffc3\uffa9pess\uffc3\uffa9g, illetve az EC \uffc3\uffa9rt\uffc3\uffa9kek n\uffc3\uffb6veked\uffc3\uffa9s\uffc3\uffa9vel n\uffc5\uff91 a talajok k\uffc3\uffb6t\uffc3\uffb6tts\uffc3\uffa9ge, amellyel egy\uffc3\uffbctt n\uffc3\uffb6vekszik az agyagtartalom is. Ez a folyamat 100 cm-es talajm\uffc3\uffa9lys\uffc3\uffa9gben a nagyobb v\uffc3\uffadztartalom miatt er\uffc5\uff91teljesebben jelentkezik, mint az 50 cm-es talajm\uffc3\uffa9lys\uffc3\uffa9gben. A term\uffc5\uff91helyi z\uffc3\uffb3n\uffc3\uffa1k term\uffc3\uffa9kenys\uffc3\uffa9gi viszonyait az els\uffc5\uff91dleges talajtulajdons\uffc3\uffa1gokon, illetve a makro \uffc3\uffa9s a mikro t\uffc3\uffa1panyag-ell\uffc3\uffa1totts\uffc3\uffa1gokon k\uffc3\uffadv\uffc3\uffbcl a domborzati viszonyok is m\uffc3\uffb3dos\uffc3\uffadthatj\uffc3\uffa1k. A talajellen\uffc3\uffa1ll\uffc3\uffa1s m\uffc3\uffa9r\uffc3\uffa9se b\uffc3\uffa1rki sz\uffc3\uffa1m\uffc3\uffa1ra el\uffc3\uffa9rhet\uffc5\uff91, gyors \uffc3\uffa9s egyszer\uffc5\uffb1 m\uffc3\uffb3dszer. A laborat\uffc3\uffb3riumi talajvizsg\uffc3\uffa1latokat kieg\uffc3\uffa9sz\uffc3\uffadtve alkalmas arra, hogy a prec\uffc3\uffadzi\uffc3\uffb3s n\uffc3\uffb6v\uffc3\uffa9nytermeszt\uffc3\uffa9sben seg\uffc3\uffadts\uffc3\uffa9get ny\uffc3\uffbajtson a term\uffc5\uff91helyi z\uffc3\uffb3n\uffc3\uffa1k lehat\uffc3\uffa1rol\uffc3\uffa1s\uffc3\uffa1ban.</p><p>Our aim was to analyse the relationships between the measured soil electrical conductivity (EC) and the soil properties of different delimited production (tillage) zones in a hillside sample area situated in Somogy county. The examined arable lands are situated in typical Ramann-type brown forest soil and chernozem-brown forest soil mostly with loam and clay loam formed on loess. For the investigations, two soil resistance values (measured at 50 cm and 100 cm depth) were used.</p><p>Soil data of the sample area were incorporated into a GIS file, the ordering and connection of the data was performed by ESRI ArcGIS 10.0 program. The results of the soil laboratory tests (which show soil heterogeneity) were correlated to the measured EC-values with stepwise linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The regression were run in line with the alignment of soil investigations: basic (case \uffe2\uff80\uff9ea\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), extended (case \uffe2\uff80\uff9eb\uffe2\uff80\uff9d) and completed (case \uffe2\uff80\uff9ec\uffe2\uff80\uff9d). By the calculations, case \uffe2\uff80\uff9ea\uffe2\uff80\uff9d means the group of the most important soil parameters which are determinative soil characteristics (upper limit of plasticity or KA, humus-, lime content, pH), case \uffe2\uff80\uff9eb\uffe2\uff80\uff9d means the previous one plus the group of macronutrients (NPK-content), while case \uffe2\uff80\uff9ec\uffe2\uff80\uff9d means case \uffe2\uff80\uff9eb\uffe2\uff80\uff9d plus the group of micronutrients (Mg2+, Na+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, SO42\uffe2\uff80\uff93, Fe2+ + Fe3+).</p><p>With the analyses made in different alignments our aim was to determine whether with the changing of examined soil parameters there will be tighter relationships between the measured EC-values and soil properties. Further aim was to examine whether it is possible to make a properly accurate and reliable estimation model, which can show the real soil circumstances (spatial heterogeneity of soils) based on EC-values, since this method can accelerate and simplify the separation of productivity zones compared to the conventional soil examinations.</p><p>Based on the results it can be concluded that in case of all the three regression groups the electrical conductivity increases proportionally with the decreasing of elevation. Besides, with the increasing of EC-values the KA \uffe2\uff80\uff93 and with it, the clay content also \uffe2\uff80\uff93 increases. This process develops in a more significant way in the depth of 100 cm than in 50 cm because of the higher water content. Besides the primary soil characteristics and the amount of macro- and micronutrients, the fertility conditions of the production zones can be affected by the geographical circumstances as well. The measurement of soil resistance is a fast, easy and generally available method, which is suitable \uffe2\uff80\uff93 with the completion of laboratory examinations \uffe2\uff80\uff93 for giving assistance to delineate the production zones in the precision crop production.</p", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3168726210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agrok%C3%A9mia%20%C3%A9s%20Talajtan", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3168726210", "name": "item", "description": "3168726210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3168726210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050701", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "A Field Study Of The Effects Of Elevated Co 2 On Plant Biomass And Community Structure In A Calcareous Grassland", "description": "The effects of elevated CO(2) on plant biomass and community structure have been studied for four seasons in a calcareous grassland in northwest Switzerland. This highly diverse, semi-natural plant community is dominated by the perennial grass Bromus erectus and is mown twice a year to maintain species composition. Plots of 1.3 m(2) were exposed to ambient or elevated CO(2) concentrations (n = 8) using a novel CO(2) exposure technique, screen-aided CO(2) control (SACC) starting in March 1994. In the 1st year of treatment, the annual harvested biomass (sum of aboveground biomass from mowings in June and October) was not significantly affected by elevated CO(2). However, biomass increased significantly at elevated CO(2) in the 2nd (+20%, P = 0.05), 3rd (+21%, P = 0.02) and 4th years (+29%, P = 0.02). There were no detectable differences in root biomass in the top 8 cm of soil between CO(2) treatments on eight out of nine sampling dates. There were significant differences in CO(2) responsiveness between functional groups (legumes, non-leguminous forbs, graminoids) in the 2nd (P = 0.07) and 3rd (P < 0.001) years of the study. The order of CO(2) responsiveness among functional groups changed substantially from the 2nd to the 3rd year; for example, non-leguminous forbs had the smallest relative response in the 2nd year and the largest in the 3rd year. By the 3rd year of CO(2) exposure, large species-specific differences in CO(2) response had developed. For five important species or genera the order of responsiveness was Lotus corniculatus (+271%), Carex flacca (+249%), Bromus erectus (+33%), Sanguisorba minor (no significant CO(2) effect), and six Trifolium species (a negative response that was not significant). The positive CO(2) responses in Bromus and Carex were most closely related to increases in tiller number. Species richness was not affected by CO(2) treatment, but species evenness increased under elevated CO(2) (modified Hill ratio; P = 0.03) in June of the 3rd year, resulting in a marginally significant increase in species diversity (Simpson's index; P = 0.09). This and other experiments with calcareous grassland plants show that elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations can substantially alter the structure of calcareous grassland communities and may increase plant community biomass.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050701"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050701", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050701", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050701"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3211739244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:23:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-08", "title": "Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Little information is available on the effect of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on crop productivity on low fertility sandy soils although they are increasingly being used in agriculture in many regions of the world due to the growing demand for food. The study aimed at quantifying the effect of four soil-improving cropping systems applied on sandy soil on cereal productivity (yield of grain and straw and plant height) in a 4-year field experiment conducted in Poland with spring cereal crops: oat (2017), wheat (2018), wheat (2019), and oat (2020). The experiment included the control (C) and the following SICS: liming (L), leguminous catch crops for green manure (LU), farmyard manure (M), and farmyard manure + liming + leguminous catch crops for green manure together (M + L + LU). To quantify the effect of the SICS, classic statistics and the Bland\u2013Altman method were used. It was shown that all yield trait components significantly increased in the last study year (2020) under SICS with M and M + L + LU. All yield trait components were significantly lower in the dry years (2018\u20132019) than in the wet years (2017 and 2020). The relatively large rainfall quantity in May during intensive growth at shooting and the scarce precipitation during later growth in the dry year 2019 resulted in a significantly greater straw yield compared to the other dry year 2018. The values of Bland\u2013Altman bias (mean difference between the particular SICS and the control) varied (in kg m\u22122) from \u22120.002 for LU in 2019 to 0.128 for M and 0.132 for M + L + LU in 2020. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were in general noted for all yield trait components (the least even yield) in the most productive SICS including M and M + L + LU in the wet year 2020. The Bland\u2013Altman ratio (BAR) values indicate that quantification of the effects of all soil-improving practices was most uncertain in the dry year 2018 for the grain yield and in the wet year 2020 for the straw yield and much less uncertain for the plant height in all SICS and study years. The results of this study provide helpful information about the effect of the SICS on the different yield trait components depending on the period of their application and weather conditions prevailing during the growing season.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bland\u2013Altman statistics", "S", "soil improving practices", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Podzol soil", "crop response", "weather conditions"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1199/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3211739244"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3211739244", "name": "item", "description": "3211739244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3211739244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-30", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Tillage And Drainage Treatments On Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From A Corn Field During The Fallow Period", "description": "Abstract   Advance tillage research suggests that tillage decreases soil fertility and adversely affects the environment. The objective of this research was to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) flux vis-a-vis GHG production potential at different soil depths (0\u2013100\u00a0cm) from tillage and drainage management treatments during the fallow period (October 2009 to April 2010) in a continuous (since 1994) corn ( Zea mays ) growing field at the Waterman farm in central Ohio. The Crosby silt loam ( Aeric ochraqualf ) soil of the experimental farm has been managed with the same practice since 1994 with two tillage sub-factors: no till (NT) and chisel tillage (T) and two drainage sub-factors: tile drainage (D) and no-drainage (ND). The fallow period was from the middle of October to the middle of April. The field was under snow cover during the middle of December to the first week of March. GHG fluxes (CO 2 , CH 4  and N 2 O) were significantly lower during the snow cover period. This study suggests that the CO 2  flux was significantly higher from T and D plots compared to NT and ND plots. Neither CH 4  nor N 2 O fluxes were influenced by tillage or drainage. The CO 2  flux from T\u00a0+\u00a0D treatments was significantly higher (25.98\u2013398.65\u00a0mg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) throughout the fallow period. Significantly higher N 2 O flux (87.07\u2013125.76\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m \u22122 \u00a0h \u22121 ) was recorded from all treatments during the thawing period in the first week of March. Considering that the total C flux involves only the loss from the SOC stock, as much as 3.05% of the total SOC stock (1.23\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) was lost during the fallow period from T\u2013D plots as CO 2  and CH 4 . Analysis of soil from different soil depths suggests that the CO 2  and N 2 O emissions from soil were mostly dependent on production potential at 0\u201310\u00a0cm and 0\u201330\u00a0cm of soil depths, respectively. However, there was no such trend for CH 4  emissions from soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-30", "title": "Runoff, sediment and nutrient exports from a Mediterranean vineyard under integrated production: An experiment at plot scale", "description": "Abstract   Conventional management of Mediterranean vineyards strongly contributes to land degradation. In Portugal, the use of integrated production has been encouraged by governmental subsidies because it is assumed to be a farm management system that protects the environment and favours agriculture sustainability. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of minimum tillage and regulated fertilization practices, driven by integrated production, on runoff and associated sediment and nutrient exports (total phosphorous \u2013 TP, total nitrogen \u2013 TN and nitrates \u2013 NO3). A vineyard in the Bairrada wine region was instrumented with six runoff plots (80\u2013122\u202fm2). Plots were monitored on a weekly to bi-weekly basis (depending on the rainfall pattern), over two hydrological years (from October 2012 to September 2014). Results indicated that annual runoff coefficients ranged from 10% to 20%, sediment losses from 1.1 to 29.0\u202fMg\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121, TP exports from 0.4 to 6.5\u202fkg\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121, TN exports from 0.2 to 20.0\u202fkg\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121 and NO3 exports from 0.1 to 0.8\u202fkg\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121. These results highlight the susceptibility of vineyards to land degradation and their role as a diffuse source of pollution. Rainfall strongly influenced runoff as well as sediment and nutrient concentrations, leading to relevant inter-annual and seasonal differences. Over the study period, about 60% of runoff and >85% of sediments and nutrients exported by runoff were recorded during winter. Management practices, namely inter-row tillage deeply influenced sediment exports, whereas fertilization, had a strong effect on nitrate exports. Although integrated production lead to lower runoff and nutrient exports than conventional viticulture, additional measures are needed to effectively prevent soil erosion and nutrient losses in Mediterranean vineyards.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-14", "title": "Influence Of No-Tillage On The Distribution And Lability Of Phosphorus In Finnish Clay Soils", "description": "Abstract   No-tillage (NT) is a method adopted to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (P) load from arable land to watercourses. However, it has been found to increase the loss of dissolved P with surface runoff, but the reasons for that have rarely been examined in detail. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical factors explaining this response by investigating the impact of NT on the type and distribution of P reserves as well as on organic carbon (C) in the 0\u201335\u00a0cm topsoil layer of clay soil profiles (Vertic Cambisols). Soil samples were taken from two experimental fields (Jokioinen and Aurajoki) at 0\u20135, 5\u201320 and 20\u201335\u00a0cm depths in conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 4\u20135 years) plots. The plots had been cultivated and fertilized according to the common field practices in Finland (15\u201318\u00a0kg\u00a0P and 100\u2013128\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ).  Inorganic and organic P reserves characterized by a modified Chang and Jackson fractionation procedure were not significantly affected by the cultivation methods. However, in the uppermost soil layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm) in NT of the Jokioinen field, the labile P determined by water extraction (P w ) increased significantly, whereas the increase in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate (P AAC ) remained statistically insignificant. The increase in labile P coincided with a significant increase in organic carbon (C), which supports the theory that competition between organic anions and phosphate for the same sorption sites on oxide surfaces will enhance the lability of soil P. In the Aurajoki field with distinct soil cracking, P w  and P AAC  were not affected by NT in the uppermost soil layer, but they increased in the deepest soil layer (20\u201335\u00a0cm) concomitantly with an increase in Al-bound P and organic C. However, the increases were not statistically significant. In both fields, soil acidification due to the repeated application of N fertilizers at a shallow soil depth as well as the accumulation of organic C lowered pH of the uppermost soil layer in NT compared to the deeper soil layers. The results indicated that even short-term NT can increase the labile P in clay soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in lability of surface soil P and, consequently, the possible need for readjustment of the fertilization level in NT.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "2. Zero hunger", "330", "no-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "puskurikyky", "6. Clean water", "ploughing", "inorganic phosphorus", "kynt\u00f6", "Suomi", "clay soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "savimaat", "water-soluble phosphorus", "phosphorus", "fosfori", "P buffering capacit", "vesiliukoinen fosfori", "Finland", "ep\u00e4orgaaninen fosfori", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.09.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00010143", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Rotation Of Maize With Cowpea Improves Yield And Nutrient Use Of Maize Compared To Maize Monocropping In An Alfisol In The Northern Guinea Savanna Of Ghana", "description": "In the northern Guinea Savanna of Ghana (1984\u20131987) a field experiment was conducted to study the reasons for beneficial effects of rotating maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on yield and N and P use of maize. The treatments included two cropping systems, maize monocropping and maize/cowpea rotation, two levels of nitrogen (0 and 80 kg N ha-1 as urea) and two levels of phosphorus application (0 and 60 kg ha-1 P as Volta phosphate rock). Yields and nutrient accumulation of maize were larger in rotation than in monocropping, independent of the N and P level. Fertilizer application (N and P) increased yields of maize in both cropping systems to the same extent. Nitrate contents of the soil after cowpea and after maize monoculture were comparable at the beginning of the cropping period. Also, potential nitrogen mineralization was only slightly larger after cowpea in the unfertilized plots. However, soil nitrate of fertilized plots was similar or even higher under monocropping than under crop rotation, especially in deeper soil layers and at the end of the cropping period. This indicates that in addition to the availability of mineral N, its use by the plants was limiting for the productivity of maize. Root length densities of maize were significant lower in monocropped maize than in maize grown in rotation. Soil physical parameters (infiltration, bulk density, aggregate stability and water capacity) showed a significant deterioration compared to a bush fallow plot, but differed only slightly between the cropping systems. Also in a pot experiment maize growth was much better in the soil from the crop rotation than from the monocropping plots, provided P was eliminated as the main growth-limiting factor. Since this effect persisted in spite of N application and optimization of soil physical properties by mixing the soil with polystyrol it is concluded that the results indicate that yield decline in maize monocropping might be due to allelopathic effects.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R. H\u00e4rdter, Walter J. Horst,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00010143"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00010143", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00010143", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00010143"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-01", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Municipal Solid Waste Amendment On Microbial Abundance And Humus-Associated Enzyme Activities Under Semiarid Conditions", "description": "Microbial ecology is the key to understanding the function of soil biota for organic matter cycling after a single amendment of organic waste in semiarid soils. Therefore, in this paper, the long-term effect (17 years) of adding different doses of a solid municipal waste to an arid soil on humus-enzyme complexes, a very stable and long-lasting fraction of soil enzymes, as well as on microbial and plant abundance, was studied. Humic substances were extracted by 0.1 M pH 7 sodium pyrophosphate from soil samples collected in experimental plots amended with different doses of a solid municipal waste (0, 65, 130, 195, and 260 t/ha) 17 years before. The activity of different hydrolases related with the C (beta-glucosidase), N (urease), and P (alkaline phosphatase) cycles and with the formation of humic substances (o-diphenol oxidase) were determined in this extract. The density and diversity of plant cover in the plots, as well as the fungal and bacterial biomass (by analyzing phopholipid fatty acids) were also determined. In general, the amended plots showed greater humic substance-related enzymatic activity than the unamended plots. This activity increased with the dose but only up to a certain level, above which it leveled off or even diminished. Plant diversity and cover density followed the same trend. Fungal and bacterial biomass also benefited in a dose-dependent manner. Different signature molecules representing gram+ and gram- bacteria, and those corresponding to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids showed a similar behavior. The results demonstrate that organic amendment had a noticeable long-term effect on the vegetal development, humic substances-related enzyme activity and on the development of bacteria and fungi in semiarid conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Variance", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Ergosterol", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Humic Substances", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-007-9308-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Impact Of Irrigation Management On Paddy Soil N Supply And Depth Distribution Of Abiotic Drivers", "description": "In rice production, water-saving irrigation management is expanding and likely alters depth profiles of soil moisture, redox potential (Eh) and microbial activity. It is, however, unclear how such conditions then impact net soil N-release and availability to the rice crop, because we do not know well enough how water-saving irrigation management shapes depth-distribution of Eh and reductive processes, and microbial activity. A field experiment with rice was laid out on a typical young floodplain paddy soil of Bangladesh with three irrigation schemes, viz. continuous flooding (CF), safe alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and direct seeded rice (DSR), with 120\u202fkg\u202fN\u202fha\u22121 (N120) or without (N0) urea application. We evaluated changes in soil mineral N and plant N uptake, CH4 and CO2 emissions and soil pH, and at multiple depths soil Eh and temperature, dissolved C, Fe and Mn throughout 2015 dry (Boro) season (Jan\u2013Apr). Eh stayed at or above \u223c+300\u202fmV except for sudden drops to \u223c\u2212200\u202fmV with irrigation events in DSR. Eh quickly dropped to methanogenic conditions, under both AWD and CF; rises to \u223c+200\u202fmV were observed during AWD-drainage events but were restricted to upper 5.5 or 12.5\u202fcm depths. Throughout the growing season there was a pronounced increase in reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn (hydro-) oxides, buildup of dissolved C, and CH4 effluxes under AWD and CF but not DSR, likely at least partially driven by the gradual soil warming from \u223c20\u202f\u00b0C till 28\u202f\u00b0C. Predominant aerobic conditions under DSR lead to a nearly doubled C-emissions (CO2\u202f+\u202fCH4) compared to AWD and CF, suggesting more soil organic matter (OM) degradation in the former case, while soil mineral N plus plant N build-up rate followed an opposite order. Urea application did not raise soil exchangeable N levels, even prior to significant plant uptake from 28 DAT (days after transplanting), and we forward temporal abiotic NH4+-fixation and N-removal processes as explanations. We conclude that regardless of some distinctions in temporal evolutions of puddle layer Eh, solution C, Fe and Mn, and CH4-emission, soil N-supply was quite comparable under AWD and CF, as was rice yield. In the context of N availability, AWD could be safely adopted for rice growth in the Bangladeshi Boro season. The eventual fertilizer N recovery efficiency was higher for CF (42%) than for AWD (32%), but AWD saved 12% irrigation water. While DSR saved 45% water there was a large yield penalty, likely due to drought stress but also by poor germination caused by cold night temperatures in mid-January, while seedling transplantation in CF and AWD plots was only later on 28 January. Further research should be conducted to investigate the fast and pronounced removal of exchangeable inorganic N after initial N buildup by soil OM mineralization, especially in CF and AWD. At this moment most likely candidate processes appear clay-NH4+ fixation and anaerobic NH4+-oxidation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf01098474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-05", "title": "Integrated Land-Use Systems: Assessment Of Promising Agroforest And Alternative Land-Use Practices To Enhance Carbon Conservation And Sequestration", "description": "Degraded or sub-standard soils and marginal lands occupy a significant proportion of boreal, temperate and tropical biomes. Management of these lands with a wide range of existing, site-specific, integrated, agroforest systems represents a significant global opportunity to reduce the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Establishment of extensive agricultural, agroforest, and alternative land-use systems on marginal or degraded lands could sequester 0.82\u20132.2 Pg carbon (C) per year, globally, over a 50-year time-frame. Moreover, slowing soil degradation by alternative grassland management and by impeding desertification could conserve up to 0.5\u20131.5 Pg C annually. A global analysis of biologic and economic data from 94 nations representing diverse climatic and edaphic conditions reveals a range of integrated land-use systems which could be used to establish and manage vegetation on marginal or degraded lands. Promising land-use systems and practices identified to conserve and temporarily store C include agroforestry systems, fuelwood and fiber plantations, bioreserves, intercropping systems, and shelterbelts/windbreaks. For example, successful establishment of low-intensity agroforestry systems can store up to 70 Mg C/ha in boreal, temperate and tropical ecoregions. The mean initial cost of soil rehabilitation and revegetation ranges from $500\u20133,000/ha for the 94 nations surveyed. Natural regeneration of woody vegetation or agro-afforestation establishment costs were less than $1000/ha in temperate and tropical regions. The costs of C sequestration in soil and vegetation systems range from $1-69/Mg C, which compares favorably with other options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Although agroforestry system projects were recently established to conserve and sequester C in Guatemala and Malaysia, constraints to wide-spread implementation include social conditions (demographic factors, land tenure issues, market conditions, lack of infrastructure), economic obstacles (difficulty of demonstrating benefits of alternative systems, capital requirements, lack of financial incentives) and, ecologic considerations (limited knowledge of impacts and sustainability of some systems).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert K. Dixon, Jack K. Winjum, Paul E. Schroeder, Kenneth Andrasko, Jeffrey J. Lee,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01098474"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf01098474", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf01098474", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf01098474"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-01", "title": "Local topographic and edaphic factors largely predict shrub encroachment in Mediterranean drylands", "description": "Shrub encroachment influences several ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. Yet, commonly used strategies to reduce encroachment show a low medium-term success, calling for a better understanding of its causes. Previous works identified multiple drivers responsible for this phenomenon, including anthropogenic and environmental causes. However, the relative effect of climate, topography and edaphic factors on shrub encroachment is not fully understood nor has been properly quantified in Mediterranean Basin drylands. Also, understanding how these drivers lead to changes in plant communities' functional traits associated to shrub encroachment is crucial, considering traits influence ecosystem processes and associated ecosystem services. Here, we studied the understory of a Mediterranean dryland ecosystem composed of savanna-like Holm-oak woodlands, along a regional climatic gradient. We specifically assessed (i) how climatic, topographic and edaphic factors influence understory relative shrub cover (RSC) and (ii) their direct and indirect effects (via RSC) on plant functional traits. We studied the mean and diversity of 12 functional traits related to plant regeneration, establishment, and dispersal, at the community-level. We found that, under similar low-intensity land use, topographic and edaphic factors, namely slope variations and soil C:N ratio, were the most important predictors of shrub encroachment, determining communities' functional characteristics. Climate, namely summer precipitation, had a much lesser influence. Our model explained 52% of the variation in relative shrub cover. Climate had a stronger effect on a set of functional traits weakly involved in shrub encroachment, related to flowering and dispersal strategies. We show that shrub encroachment is largely predicted by topo-edaphic factors in Mediterranean drylands subject to conventional low-intensity land use. Hence, management strategies to reduce encroachment need to take these drivers into account for efficient forecasting and higher cost-effectiveness. Our results suggest that climate change might not greatly impact shrub encroachment in the Mediterranean Basin, but may affect functional structure and reduce functional diversity of plant communities, thus affecting ecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Portugal", "Plant Dispersal", "Climate Change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "climate change", "aridity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "functional traits", "holm-oak", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-25", "title": "Artificial lakes as a climate change adaptation strategy in drylands: evaluating the trade-off on non-target ecosystem services", "description": "Drylands are very susceptible to the effects of climate change due to water stress. One possible climate change adaptation measure is the construction of lakes to increase water availability for drinking and irrigation (food production) and decrease fire risk. These lakes can also increase local biodiversity and human well-being. However, other non-target services such as carbon (C) storage, water purification, and sediment retention might also change. Our main aim was to evaluate the trade-offs on non-targeted ecosystem services due to lakes construction in drylands. This was done using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) modeling tools, comparing a Mediterranean area located in southwest (SW) Europe, with and without artificial lakes. Results showed that the construction of artificial lakes caused an increase of 9.4% in C storage. However, the consequent increase in agricultural area decreased water purification and sediment retention services. This could diminish the life span of the lakes changing the initial beneficial cost-benefit analysis on lakes as adaptation measures to climate change. As a global measure for mitigation and adaptation to climate change strategy, we consider lake construction in drylands to be positive since it can store C in sediments and reduces the vulnerability to water scarcity. However, as a general recommendation and when built to support or increase agriculture in semi-arid landscapes, we consider that lakes should be complemented with additional measures to reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching such as (i) locate agricultural areas outside the lakes water basin, (ii) afforestation surrounding the lakes, and (iii) adopt the best local agriculture practices to prevent and control soil erosion and nutrient leaching.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Mitigation%20and%20Adaptation%20Strategies%20for%20Global%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11027-017-9764-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-30", "title": "Effect Of 35 Years Inorganic Fertilizer And Manure Amendment On Structure Of Bacterial And Archaeal Communities In Black Soil Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Black soil is common in northeast China and plays an important role in Chinese crop production. However, in the past three decades, inappropriate use of fertilizer has caused a sequence of agroecological issues. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of long-term fertilizer on the microbial communities in black soil. The soil was subjected to four fertilization regimes: without fertilizer (CK); manure (M); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer (NPK); and inorganic fertilizers with manure (MNPK). The soil pH was decreased by inorganic fertilizers and increased by manure. Quantitative PCR analysis of microbial community size and Illumina platform-based analysis of the V4 16S rRNA gene region were performed to characterize soil microbial abundance and to compare community structure and diversity. Microbial community size was enhanced by the incorporation of inorganic fertilizer and manure. Microbial diversity was decreased by inorganic fertilizer and increased by the incorporation of inorganic fertilizer and manure. The predominate phyla in all samples were Proteobacteria (29.39\u201333.48%), Acidobacteria (13.14\u201316.25%) and Actinobacteria (9.32\u201310.77%). The relative abundance of different classes significantly differed among the different treatments, especially MNPK and NPK. Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively stable in organic fertilizer treated soil. Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were sensitive to all the fertilization regimes. Comparatively, Spartobacteria was stable in response to fertilization practices. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that microbial communities were primarily clustered into three groups: CK and M were clustered together; MNPK was improved by manure and separated from NPK. Shannon and Simpson indexes were significantly correlated with soil pH and the concentrations of available phosphorus and total phosphorus. Redundancy analysis indicates that microbial communities were closely positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen concentration (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and pH (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002). These results indicate that inorganic fertilizer plus manure increased microbial size and diversity and changed microbial composition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Li, Dawei Guan, Baoku Zhou, Jun Li, Xin Jiang, Baisuo Zhao, Jing Zhou, Fengming Cao, Jianli Ding, Mingchao Ma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-18", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics in Soybean Cropland and Forests in Mato Grosso, Brazil", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils.</p>", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "Life on Land", "land use", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Geophysics", "Tropical forest", "Isotopes", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Brazil", "isotopes", "Research Articles", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jm295dz/qt4jm295dz.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JG004269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JG004269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-07", "title": "Impact Of Reduced Tillage On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Soil Carbon Stocks In An Organic Grass-Clover Ley - Winter Wheat Cropping Sequence", "description": "Organic reduced tillage aims to combine the environmental benefits of organic farming and conservation tillage to increase sustainability and soil quality. In temperate climates, there is currently no knowledge about its impact on greenhouse gas emissions and only little information about soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in these management systems. We therefore monitored nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes besides SOC stocks for two years in a grass-clover ley - winter wheat - cover crop sequence. The monitoring was undertaken in an organically managed long-term tillage trial on a clay rich soil in Switzerland. Reduced tillage (RT) was compared with ploughing (conventional tillage, CT) in interaction with two fertilisation systems, cattle slurry alone (SL) versus cattle manure compost and slurry (MC). Median N2O and CH4 flux rates were 13\u00a0\u03bcg N2O-N\u00a0m-2\u00a0h-1 and -2\u00a0\u03bcg CH4C\u00a0m-2\u00a0h-1, respectively, with no treatment effects. N2O fluxes correlated positively with nitrate contents, soil temperature, water filled pore space and dissolved organic carbon and negatively with ammonium contents in soil. Pulse emissions after tillage operations and slurry application dominated cumulative gas emissions. N2O emissions after tillage operations correlated with SOC contents and collinearly to microbial biomass. There was no tillage system impact on cumulative N2O emissions in the grass-clover (0.8-0.9\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O-N\u00a0ha-1, 369\u00a0days) and winter wheat (2.1-3.0\u00a0kg N2O-N\u00a0ha-1, 296\u00a0days) cropping seasons, with a tendency towards higher emissions in MC than SL in winter wheat. Including a tillage induced peak after wheat harvest, a full two year data set showed increased cumulative N2O emissions in RT than CT and in MC than SL. There was no clear treatment influence on cumulative CH4 uptake. Topsoil SOC accumulation (0-0.1\u00a0m) was still ongoing. SOC stocks were more stratified in RT than CT and in MC than SL. Total SOC stocks (0-0.5\u00a0m) were higher in RT than CT in SL and similar in MC. Maximum relative SOC stock difference accounted for +8.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha-1 in RT-MC compared to CT-SL after 13 years which dominated over the relative increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Under these site conditions, organic reduced tillage and manure compost application seems to be a viable greenhouse gas mitigation strategy as long as SOC is sequestered.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "7. Clean energy", "Soil quality", "Soil tillage", "Article", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Animal Science and Zoology", "Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-16", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Communities To Agroecological Versus Conventional Systems Of Extensive Agriculture", "description": "Abstract   World population growth has led to a rise in resource demands imposed on agricultural systems, generating an increased global use of natural resources. However, agroecology proposes self-regulation in order to achieve a sustainable agricultural balance. Therefore, considering the rapid responses of microbial communities to small changes in soil use, the objective of this study was to assess the response of soil microbial communities to agroecological vs. conventional systems of extensive agriculture. Soil sampling was carried out in 2016 and 2017 with three different treatments using the sequence soybean/maize (Glycine max L./Zea mays L.) as the main crop: Agroecological (AE), conventional with cover crops (CC) and conventional without cover crops (control). Species used as cover crops were wheat (Triticum aestivum), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Agroecological treatment showed the lowest total nitrogen (0.18\u202fmg\u202fN\u202fg\u22121) and organic carbon (1.99\u202fmg\u202fC\u202fg\u22121) content of soil, and CC treatment showed the highest value of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, with values 63.2% and 12.1% higher than AE and the control, respectively. However, AE treatment also produced the highest F:B ratio (44.8) and the lowest metabolic quotient (1.14), which indicates an improvement in metabolic efficiency and soil quality. No significant differences were recorded in the abundance of fungal and bacterial communities between treatments. Our results suggest that agroecological management is characterised by fungal dominance in soil microbial communities and a higher microbial metabolic efficiency compared to conventional management. These results demonstrate more efficient use of carbon substrates in agroecological systems, which could counteract the negative effect of the lack of synthetic fertilisation and reduced-tillage in the long term. The findings demonstrate that sustainable agricultural tools with adequate management can be effectively used to preserve soil quality.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SUSTAINABILITY", "AGROECOLOGY", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "METABOLIC EFFICIENCY", "MICROBIAL ABUNDANCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-06", "title": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Water Use, And Grain Arsenic Levels In Rice Systems", "description": "Abstract<p>Agriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than most crops. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (AWD \uffe2\uff80\uff93 flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water management practices will maintain grain yields and concurrently reduce water use, greenhouse gas emissions and arsenic (As) levels in rice. Various treatments ranging in frequency and duration of AWD practices were evaluated at three locations over 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Relative to the flooded control treatment and depending on the AWD treatment, yields were reduced by &lt;1\uffe2\uff80\uff9313%; water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency was improved by 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9363%, global warming potential (GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions) reduced by 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9390%, and grain As concentrations reduced by up to 64%. In general, as the severity of AWD increased by allowing the soil to dry out more between flood events, yields declined while the other benefits increased. The reduction in GWP was mostly attributed to a reduction in CH4 emissions as changes in N2O emissions were minimal among treatments. When AWD was practiced early in the growing season followed by flooding for remainder of season, similar yields as the flooded control were obtained but reduced water use (18%), GWP (45%) and yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled GWP (45%); although grain As concentrations were similar or higher. This highlights that multiple environmental benefits can be realized without sacrificing yield but there may be trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs to consider. Importantly, adoption of these practices will require that they are economically attractive and can be adapted to field scales.</p>", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Arkansas", "Models", " Statistical", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.10008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-12", "title": "Soil C And N Response To Changes In Winter Precipitation In A Subalpine Forest Ecosystem, Nw Italy", "description": "Abstract<p>Among the potential effects of climate change on subalpine forest ecosystems during the winter season, the shift in snowline towards higher altitudes and the increase in frequency of rain events on the snowpack are of particular interest. Here, we present the results of a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment conducted in a forest stand (Larix decidua) in NW Italy at 2020\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff80\uff89a.s.l. From 2009 to 2011, we monitored soil physical characteristics (temperature and moisture), and soil and soil solution chemistry, in particular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms and their change in time, as affected by simulated late snowpack accumulation and rain on snow events. Late snowpack accumulation determined a stronger effect on soil thermal and moisture regimes than rain on snow events. Also soil chemistry was significantly affected by late snowfall simulation. Although microbial biomass C and N were not reduced by soil freezing, soil contents of the more labile dissolved organic carbon and inorganic N increased when the soil was affected by mild/hard freezing. Variations in the soil solution were shifted with respect to those observed in soil, with an increase in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 concentrations occurring during spring and summer. This study highlights the potential N loss in subalpine soils under changing environmental conditions driven by a changing climate. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "microbial biomass; lysimeters; rain on snow; snow manipulation", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "VIGLIETTI, DAVIDE, FREPPAZ, Michele, FILIPPA, Gianluca, ZANINI, Ermanno,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/144272/1/Viglietti%20et%20al.%20pre%20print_4aperto.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.10008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.10008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.10008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-11", "title": "Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Cycling In Subtropical Short-Hydroperiod Wetlands: Effects Of Precipitation And Restoration", "description": "In the event of increased frequency of extreme wet or dry events resulting from climate change, it becomes more important to understand the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) processes in ecosystems. Here, seasonal patterns of N cycling were characterized in subtropical wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Two restored sites and one reference site with different nutrient status, soil depth, and vegetation communities, were selected. Soil available N, microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and denitrification rates, enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured across the wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2011. In general, most N processes were significantly correlated with soil water contents (P<0.05) which reflected the precipitation regime. The lower elevation and shallower soil (2-3cm depth) at the restored site may contribute to their higher soil water contents compared to the reference site with ~10cm soil depth, which further led to the earlier peaks of microbial biomass at the two restored sites. Potential N mineralization was positively correlated with LAP at the restored sites whereas with NAG at the reference site (P<0.05), implying that different vegetation composition may provide varying substrates for soil microbes. The build-up of nitrate in the dry spring of 2011 induced a pulse of denitrification after rewetting by a sudden rainfall, implying the presence of a hot moment of denitrification during the dry-rewetting transition period. The decrease of MBC:MBN ratio from dry to wet season indicates a possible microbial composition shift from fungi to bacteria, shedding lights on the potential contribution of fugal groups to denitrification in the dry season. Our study highlight that even under the same climate regime, the small-scale variations could affect the seasonal patterns of N cycling.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-17", "title": "Assessment Of Tillage Erosion Rates On Steep Slopes In Northern Laos", "description": "Abstract   In the hills of south-east Asia shifting cultivation is developing towards more permanent cropping systems. In association with short fallow periods, fields suffer from weed pressure and this, in turn, leads to more frequent and deeper manual tillage. Due to steep slopes these operations induce tillage erosion. Measurements of such soil losses under on-farm conditions are still scarce. In this study tillage erosion was assessed and a predictive model of tillage erosion was established based on slope angle and contact cover, i.e. basal crop area and weed cover. The experiments were conducted in the Houay Pano, Northern Laos. The farmers cultivate annual crops in rotation with 1\u20133 year fallow periods without external inputs and using only hand tools. Tillage erosion was assessed using the tracer method across nine slope classes (0.30\u20131.10\u00a0m\u00a0m \u22121 ) for two crops, upland rice and Job's tears ( Coix lacryma-jobi  L.). Soil movement due to land preparation and weeding were assessed separately because different tools are used, a medium size hoe and a small curved hoe. A multivariate regression showed a highly significant relation ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.83) between soil losses due to land preparation, slope gradient and contact cover. Predicting models of soil losses due to weeding were also highly significant ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.79 for upland rice,  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.88 for Job's tears), confirming the importance of tillage erosion on steep slopes (4, 6 and 11\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  on slopes with gradients of 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90\u00a0m\u00a0m \u22121 , respectively). Tillage erosion has increased exponentially over the last 40 years because of weed invasion associated with short fallow periods; the initially no-till system has changed into a system heavily dependent on tillage to control weeds and this greatly contributes to soil degradation.", "keywords": ["subsistence farming", "2. Zero hunger", "weed control", "Upland rice", "sloping land", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "shifting cultivation", "Weed pressure", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Tillage erosion", "Steep slopes", "upland rice", "Job's tears", "tillage", "Shifting cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-27", "title": "Analysis Of The Effects Of Rotational Woodlots On The Nutrition And Yield Of Maize Following Trees In Western Tanzania", "description": "Farmers in western Tanzania are establishing rotations of trees and crops in an attempt to overcome the shortage of wood, reverse deforestation of natural forests and improve soil fertility for food security enhancement. We compared fallows of Acacia crassicarpa, A. julifera, A. leptocarpa, Leucaena pallida and Senna siamea, with traditional bush fallow and continuous sole maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness offallow types in terms of N, Pand K use by maize. Trees were intercropped with maize for the first 3 years. After 5 years, trees were harvested, wood components were removed, and leaves, twigs and grasses were incorporated into the soil. Factorial N,P,Ktrialswere carriedoutwithmaizegrown afterthefallowtypes. Parameters studiedweregrainyield,uptakeof N,PandK,and nutrient use efficiency. The effects offertiliser were much stronger than the effects offallow types. Therewas no clear effect of tree fallows on nutrient use efficiency of the following maize. Non-fertilized maize yielded more after acacia than after the other trees and natural fallow. Upon fertiliser application the influences of fallow types became weaker. Fertiliser N improved maize yields more than fertiliser P, and there was a positive NP interaction. Fertilizer K did not bring about clear effects. N recovery efficiency was improved by the application of P and vice versa. When fertilisers were applied, differences in average maize grain yields between tree fallows and natural fallow varied from 300 kg ha 1 (for A. julifera) to minus 250 kg ha 1 (for S. siamea). A yield increase of 300 kg maize grain could also be obtained by application of 10 kg fertiliser N or 8 kg fertiliser P. The best fallow type for soil fertility improvement was Acacia juliferasuggesting that this acacia is mining the soil for P and K. In conclusion, benefits of rotational woodlots seem larger in terms of wood production than in terms of soil fertility restoration. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "fallow", "soil fertility", "quefts", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "agroforestry", "africa", "nutrients", "vegetation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nyadzi, G.I., Janssen, B.H., Oenema, O.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-09", "title": "Maize Yield And Nutrition During 4\u00a0Years After Biochar Application To A Colombian Savanna Oxisol", "description": "The application of biochar (biomass-derived black carbon) to soil has been shown to improve crop yields, but the reasons for this are often not clearly demonstrated. Here, we studied the effect of a single application of 0, 8 and 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 of biochar to a Colombian savanna Oxisol for 4\u00a0years (2003\u20132006), under a maize-soybean rotation. Soil sampling to 30\u00a0cm was carried out after maize harvest in all years but 2005, maize tissue samples were collected and crop biomass was measured at harvest. Maize grain yield did not significantly increase in the first year, but increases in the 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 plots over the control were 28, 30 and 140% for 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The availability of nutrients such as Ca and Mg was greater with biochar, and crop tissue analyses showed that Ca and Mg were limiting in this system. Soil pH increased, and exchangeable acidity showed a decreasing trend with biochar application. We attribute the greater crop yield and nutrient uptake primarily to the 77\u2013320% greater available Ca and Mg in soil where biochar was applied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "yields", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "maize", "rendimiento", "sabanas", "01 natural sciences", "savannas", "ma\u00edz", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Susan J. Riha, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Diego Molina, Julie Major, Johannes Lehmann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehmann/publ/PlantSoil%20333,%20117-128,%202010%20Major.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0463-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-10", "title": "Effects Of Livestock Grazing Intensity On Soil Biota In A Semiarid Steppe Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Intensive livestock is known to significantly affect soil physical and chemical parameters in steppe ecosystems. However, the effects on soil biological parameters still remain unknown. We hypothesized that intensive grazing would significantly decrease the size and diversity of soil biota due to deterioration of the soil environment and reduction in vegetation cover, while the adapted grazing intensity would improve the biological parameters. Soil samples were collected from five sites with different grazing intensities and history in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia in August 2005. Two sites were long-term ungrazed since 1979 (UG79) and 1999 (UG99), one had been moderately grazed in winter (WG), one continuously grazed moderately (CG) and one long-term site was heavily grazed (HG). Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), basal respiration (BR), catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities, protozoa and nematodes abundance were measured. Soil physicochemical variables were also measured to establish the relationships between soil biological parameters and key soil physical and chemical properties. Soil microbial biomass C, BR, biomass specific respiration (qCO2) and soil protozoa abundance were significantly lower at the HG site compared to the UG79 site, but no clear differences were found in the other sites. However, soil nematodes abundance increased with increasing grazing intensity, and the abundance of soil amoeba were greater in CG than in the other sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) of Biolog data revealed large differences in catabolic capacity of soil microbial communities between UG79, HG and UG99, WG, CG. However, Shannon\u2019s diversity index did not indicate marked effects of grazing intensity on substrate catabolic community structure. In conclusion, heavy grazing negatively affected soil microbial biomass, activity and protozoan abundance, but positively influenced soil nematodes abundance and did not affect soil microbial catabolic diversity. Based on these results, CG may provide an appropriate grazing intensity to be used in the long term in the semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Haixia Zheng, Guitong Li, Qimei Lin, Zhenhua Xi, Xiaorong Zhao, Sha Qi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0463-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0463-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0463-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0463-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-010-0473-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-02", "description": "Semiarid steppe ecosystems account for large terrestrial areas and are considered as large carbon (C) sinks. However, fundamental information on topsoil sensitivity to grazing is lacking across different spatial scales including the effects of topography. Our interdisciplinary approach considering soil chemical, physical, and vegetation properties included investigations on pit scale (square-metre scale), plot scale (hectare scale), and the scale of a landscape section (several hectares). Five different sites, representing a grazing intensity gradient, ranging from a long-term grazing exclosure to a heavily grazed site were used. On the pit scale, data about aggregate size distribution, quantity of different soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, SOC mineralisation, hydraulic conductivity and shear strength was available for topsoil samples from representative soil profiles. Spatial variability of topographical parameters, topsoil texture, bulk density, SOC, water repellency, and vegetation cover was analysed on the basis of regular, orthogonal grids in differently grazed treatments by using two different grid sizes on the plot scale and landscape section. On the pit scale, intensive grazing clearly decreased soil aggregation and the amount of fresh, litter-like particulate organic matter (POM). The weak aggregation in combination with animal trampling led to an enhanced mineralisation of SOC, higher topsoil bulk densities, lower infiltration rates, and subsequently to a higher risk of soil erosion. On the plot scale, the effects of soil structure disruption due to grazing are enhanced by the degradation of vegetation patches and resulted in a texture-controlled wettability of the soil surface. In contrast, topsoils of grazing exclosures were characterised by advantageous mechanical topsoil characteristics and SOC-controlled wettability due to higher POM contents. A combined geostatistical and General Linear Model approach identified topography as the fundamental factor creating the spatial distribution of texture fractions and related soil parameters on the scale of a landscape section. Grazing strongly interfered with the topography-controlled particle relocation processes in the landscape and showed strongest effects on the aboveground biomass production and biomass-related soil properties like SOC stocks. We conclude that interdisciplinary multi-scale analyses are essential (i) to differentiate between topography- and grazing-controlled spatial patterns of topsoil and vegetation properties, and (ii) to identify the main grazing-sensitive processes on small scales that are interacting with the spatial distribution and relocation processes on larger scales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0473-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-010-0473-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-010-0473-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-010-0473-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Biochar Adsorbed Ammonia Is Bioavailable", "description": "Biochar is produced as a by-product of the low temperature pyrolysis of biomass during bioenergy extraction and its incorporation into soil is of global interest as a potential carbon sequestration tool. Biochar influences soil nitrogen transformations and its capacity to take up ammonia is well recognized. Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia need to be mitigated due to negative environmental impacts and economic losses. Here we use an isotope of nitrogen to show that ammonia-N adsorbed by biochar is stable in ambient air, but readily bioavailable when placed in the soil. When biochars, containing adsorbed 15N labelled ammonia, were incorporated into soil the 15N recovery by roots averaged 6.8% but ranged from 26.1% to 10.9% in leaf tissue due to differing biochar properties with plant 15N recovery greater when acidic biochars were used to capture ammonia. Recovery of 15N as total soil nitrogen (organic+inorganic) ranged from 45% to 29% of 15N applied. We provide a proof of concept for a synergistic mitigation option where anthropogenic ammonia emissions could be captured using biochar, and made bioavailable in soils, thus leading to nitrogen capture by crops, while simultaneously sequestering carbon in soils.", "keywords": ["ryegrass", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "ANZSRC::0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "ANZSRC::050301 Carbon Sequestration Science", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "540", "ammonia", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "ANZSRC::070304 Crop and Pasture Biomass and Bioproducts", "N stable isotope", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-22", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Contrasted Tillage And Crop Management On Soil Carbon Dynamics During 41 Years", "description": "Although numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC), there is still no consensus on the importance of sequestration which can be expected from reduced tillage. Most studies have used a synchronic approach in fields or long-term experiments which were often poorly characterized with respect to initial conditions. In this paper, we used a diachronic approach to quantify SOC changes in a 41 years experiment comparing no-till (NT), shallow till (ST) and full inversion tillage (FIT) combined with crop managements (residues removal, rotation and catch crops). It included SOC measurements at time 0 and every 4 years, calculations at equivalent soil mass within or below the old ploughed layer. Results show that tillage or crop management had no significant effect on SOC stocks after 41 years both in the old ploughed layer (ca. 0-28 cm) and deeper (ca. 0-58 cm). Tillage had no effect on crop yields and residues. In the reduced tillage treatments (ST and NT), SOC accumulated in the surface layer (0-10 cm), reaching a plateau after 24 years but declined continuously in the lower layer (10-28 cm) at a rate of 0.42-0.44% yr(-1). The difference in SOC stocks (ST or NT minus FIT) over the old ploughed layer followed a non-monotonic pattern over time. Reduced tillage caused a rapid SOC sequestration during the first 4 years which remained more or less constant (mean = 2.17 and 1.31 t ha(-1), resp.) during the next 24 years and disappeared after 28 years. The drop was attributed to the higher water balance recorded during years 24-28. In the reduced tillage treatments, the changes in SOC over time were negatively correlated with the water balance, indicating that sequestration rate was positive in dry periods and negative in wet conditions. This study highlights the interest of diachronic approaches to understand the effect of tillage and its interaction with environmental and management factors.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Tillage", "Dynamics", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Long-term", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "SOC", "Crop production", "Crop management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dimassi, Bassem, Mary, Bruno, B., Wylleman, Richard, Labreuche, Jerome, Couture, Daniel, Piraux, Fran\u00e7ois, Cohan, Jean-Pierre,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-21", "title": "Temperature Sensitivity Of Biochar And Native Carbon Mineralisation In Biochar-Amended Soils", "description": "Temperature sensitivity of biochar-C in soils is not well understood. To acquire this information, we incubated two \u03b413C-depleted (\u221236.3 or \u221236.5\u2030) wood biochars produced at 450 and 550\u00a0\u00b0C, under controlled laboratory conditions at 20, 40 and 60\u00a0\u00b0C in four contrasting soils (Inceptisol, Entisol, Oxisol and Vertisol). The respired CO2 and associated \u03b413C were analysed periodically (12\u201322 times) over two years. The temperature sensitivity of biochar-C and native SOC mineralisation was computed as: (i) averaged Q10 (Q10a) for the whole (2-year) time series using a temperature-incorporated mineralisation model to estimate a temperature scaling function for the exponential Q10 model; (ii) instantaneous Q10 (Q10i) by using a time series of C mineralisation rates for a simple Q10 model; and (iii) cumulative Q10 (Q10c) by using cumulative C mineralised over certain incubation periods for a simple Q10 model.    The mineralisation rates of biochar-C and native SOC increased with increasing temperature and their temperature sensitivities were significantly (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) affected by soil type. For example, biochar-C Q10a was the greatest (also for native SOC) in the Vertisol (2.74\u20132.77), followed by Inceptisol (2.47\u20132.66) and Entisol (2.39\u20132.45), and the smallest in the Oxisol (1.93\u20132.20) for the 20\u201340\u00a0\u00b0C range. Biochar and native SOC Q10a were the smallest in the Vertisol for the 40\u201360\u00a0\u00b0C range. Biochar-C Q10a was not influenced by biochar type (450 or 550\u00a0\u00b0C). The presence of biochar decreased Q10a of the native SOC in the Entisol, Vertisol and Inceptisol, but this influence did not occur in the Oxisol, especially at 20\u201340\u00a0\u00b0C. The temperature sensitivity of biochar-C (Q10a and Q10c) and SOC (Q10a and Q10i) decreased with increasing incubation temperature range. The Q10i values of biochar-C and SOC increased with time in the 20\u201340\u00a0\u00b0C range. Even though biochar-C was found to be more stable than native SOC (based on their mineralisation rate constants), the Q10a, Q10c and Q10i values for biochar-C were either smaller or similar to that of native SOC. In conclusion, the findings of this study which was conducted in the absence of plant suggest that soil characteristics can alter the temperature sensitivity of biochar-C. Furthermore, biochar can decrease the temperature sensitivity of native SOC mineralisation and consequently enhance C sequestration in soil under climate warming.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-15", "title": "Biochar Does Not Affect Soil N-Transformations Or Microbial Community Structure Under Ruminant Urine Patches But Does Alter Relative Proportions Of Nitrogen Cycling Bacteria", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) cycling, especially denitrification, can be significantly altered when biochar is used as a soil conditioner. These alterations in N-cycling have been attributed to a combination of physicochemical change, alterations in microbial community ecology and pervading climatic conditions. This study investigated seasonal bacterial community change over two years in combination with a short-term winter study of N-transformations under bovine urine patches. A silt-loam pastoral soil in Canterbury, New Zealand was amended with either 0, 15 or 30\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of  Pinus radiata  biochar (pyrolysed at \u223c450\u00a0\u00b0C) and bovine urine was added to patches within the 0 and 30\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  biochar amended plots (designated as 0\u00a0U and 30\u00a0U treatments, where U indicates \u2018urine\u2019).  No discernible differences in bacterial community structure were observed during the two year study or the short term N-transformation study when comparing non-amended and biochar-amended soil. Differences in bacterial community structure were only evident when comparing seasons, with data pertaining to each season from successive years clustering together. During the short-term N-transformation study, bacterial communities formed 3 distinct clusters corresponding to elevated levels of urine derived NH 4  + -N (days 0\u201310), increases in NO 3  \u2212 -N and N 2 O (days 10\u201322) and a decline in NO 3  \u2212 -N and N 2 O (day 20 onward). Biochar amendment did increase the relative abundance of up to 50% of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs or \u2018species\u2019), including key nitrite oxidisers and nitrate reducers. Biochar amendment did not affect the concentrations of inorganic-N compounds.  The  nir S (nitrite reductase) gene became elevated in the 30\u00a0U treatment relative to the 0\u00a0U treatment \u223c10 days after the initial urine application. The  nos Z (nitrous oxide reductase) gene became elevated in the 30\u00a0U plots during the latter part of the experiment.  Conclusions:  \u2022   Biochar did not have a significant impact on the microbial community structure in pastoral soil over the course of two years.   \u2022   The relative proportion of nitrifiers and denitrifiers increased in biochar amended soils subjected to large influxes of urine derived N.   \u2022   Differences in N-transformation dynamics in the presence of biochar during the winter months were not statistically significant.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "N\u2082O emissions", "570", "denitrification", "bovine urine", "silt-loam soil", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil microbial ecology", "winter", "nitrification", "630", "6. Clean water", "veterinary and food sciences", "T-RFLP", "new generation sequencing", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "ANZSRC::44 Human society"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy J. Clough, Kelly Hamonts, Leo M. Condron, Craig Anderson, Craig Anderson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-30", "title": "Mitigating Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions Intensity From A Chinese Rice Cropping System Through An Improved Management Practice Aimed To Close The Yield Gap", "description": "Abstract   A major challenge in cereal production is achieving the dual goal of closing yield gaps without further undermining environmental benefits by increasing gaseous nitrogen (N) emissions. To address this challenge, we conducted a two-rotation field experiment with four different management practices in the Taihu Lake region to gain insight into crop yields, N use efficiency (NUE), and the emission fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), and ammonia (NH3) from the rice cropping system. The four practices were a control (CK, local practice with zero N-fertilizer), the current traditional practice (CT, local practice with farmers\u2019 N management), an improved practice (IP, which closed the yield gap with a reduced N dose of 25%), and a high-yield practice (HY, which maximized the attainable yield with more nutrient inputs). The HY attained the yield potential that was higher by 40% than current yield from the CT. The IP closed the yield gap, achieving 80% of the yield potential, and increased the NUE by 31% and reduced the N surplus by 57% compared with the CT. The lower N surplus of the IP resulted in a decrease in the N2O and NH3 emissions intensity (the N2O or NH3 emission per unit crop yield) of 40% and 65%, respectively relative to the CT. Low NO emissions concomitant with yield increases incurred the marginal NO emission intensity. Thus, the IP should be a promising strategy to increase yield while simultaneously mitigating the gaseous N emissions intensity. Linear or nonlinear responses of gaseous N emissions (N2O, NO and NH3) by N fertilizer to incremental N surplus suggested that reducing the N surplus by both increasing the crop uptake and optimizing N management should be effective in reducing projected gaseous N emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuhua Tian, Min Zhang, Miao Zhao, Bin Yin, Zhengqin Xiong, Yuanlin Yao, Zhaoliang Zhu, Yuchun Ma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-07", "title": "Changes In Organic Carbon In Topsoil And Subsoil And Microbial Community Composition Caused By Repeated Additions Of Organic Amendments And N Fertilisation In A Long-Term Field Experiment In Sweden", "description": "Abstract   The effects of 13 years of biennial application of four organic amendments (compost, green manure, farmyard manure and sewage sludge) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, microbial biomass and community structure were compared with those of bare fallow, an unfertilised control and N-fertilised treatments. The experiment was conducted on a clay soil in western Sweden, in a randomised block design with four replicates. The crops grown were spring barley and oats. Changes in SOC mass were estimated by the \u2018equivalent soil mass\u2019 concept. Carbon inputs from crops were calculated from grain yields using linear allometric functions. The decomposition rate of soil organic matter was derived from a bare fallow treatment. Humification coefficients, defined here as the fraction of C input entering the SOC pool, for the organic amendments and crop residues were estimated by fitting a single-pool first order model to the final SOC stocks. The humification coefficient was highest for domestic waste compost (0.9) and lowest for above-ground crop residues (0.19). Crop yields were highest in sewage sludge-amended soil, probably due to favourable physical soil conditions, as indicated by lower bulk density (1.27\u20131.30\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123) than in the other treatments (1.32\u20131.38\u00a0g\u00a0cm\u22123). Despite addition of relatively high amounts of organic N, yields in other treatments receiving organic amendments were significantly lower than in those receiving mineral N fertiliser. In particular, the compost material was found to be highly recalcitrant, as indicated by its low C/N ratio (10) and low crop yield. Comparison of the correlation between phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentration and SOC showed that compost supported relatively less microbial biomass than the other substrates tested. An important finding was that differences in SOC between treatments were significant to 40\u00a0cm depth and that up to 27% of the SOC changes observed to 40\u00a0cm depth occurred in the upper subsoil (25\u201340\u00a0cm). Thus, SOC changes below ploughing depth should be considered in SOC balance studies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract   Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-02", "title": "Soil management intensity shifts microbial catabolic profiles across a range of European long-term field experiments", "description": "Assessing soil microbial functionality has the potential to reveal meaningful effects of soil management on soil processes influencing soil quality. We used MicroResp\u2122 to assess microbial respiration upon the addition of six carbon substrates (glucose, alanine, aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and lignin). From this, we calculated the multiple substrate induced respiration (MSIR), the microbial catabolic profile expressed as absolute and relative utilization rate, and the Shannon microbial functional diversity index (H\u2032). We tested the effect of tillage (reduced vs. conventional) and organic matter addition (high vs. low) on these microbial parameters in soil from 10 European long-term field experiments (LTEs), and investigated their relationships with labile organic carbon fractions and various soil parameters linked to soil functions. Reduced tillage and high organic matter input increased MSIR compared to conventional tillage and low organic matter input. In addition, reduced tillage resulted in a small but significant increase in functional diversity compared to conventional tillage. An increase in soil management intensity (CT-Low > CT-High > RT-Low > RT-High) was associated with lower utilization of all the substrates expressed as absolute utilization rate, and a proportionately higher utilization of alpha-ketoglutaric acid compared to the other substrates. More intensive management systems also showed lower soil quality as measured by various soil parameters, in particular total and labile organic carbon, basal respiration, and microbial biomass nitrogen. The present work shows for the first time the key role of labile organic carbon, as affected by soil management, in determining microbial functional diversity. Aggregating results from 10 European arable LTEs, making use of a comprehensive dataset, MicroResp\u2122 showed that reduced tillage and increased organic matter addition created a more favourable habitat for the microbial community to utilize different carbon substrates and, thereby, the potential for nutrient cycling.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "MicroResp\u2122", "Microbial functional diversity", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Community level physiological profiling", "6. Clean water", "Tillage", "Structural equation modelling", "13. Climate action", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103596"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-18", "title": "The influence of tree and soil management on soil organic carbon stock and pools in dehesa systems", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by P12-AGR-0931 (Andalusian Government), RTA2014-00063-C04-03 (Spanish Government), SHui (European Commission Grant Agreement number: 773903) and EU\u2014FEDER funds, whose support is gratefully acknowledged.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Fractions agroforestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Grazing", "Shift from cultivation to grazing", "Crop rotation", "Tree plantation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic carbon fractions", "Agroforestry", "Organic carbon", "Holm oak"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lizardo Reyna-Bowen, Lizardo Reyna-Bowen, Jes\u00fas Fern\u00e1ndez-Habas, Pilar Fern\u00e1ndez-Rebollo, Jos\u00e9 A. G\u00f3mez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104511"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:19:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-12", "title": "Disentangling Drought and Nutrient Effects on Soil Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in a Tropical Forest", "description": "Tropical soils are a major contributor to the balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in the atmosphere. Models of tropical GHG fluxes predict that both the frequency of drought events and changes in atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) will significantly affect dynamics of soil carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production and consumption. In this study, we examined the combined effect of a reduction in precipitation and an increase in nutrient availability on soil CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes in a primary French Guiana tropical forest. Drought conditions were simulated by intercepting precipitation falling through the forest canopy with tarpaulin roofs. Nutrient availability was manipulated through application of granular N and / or phosphorus (P) fertilizer to the soil. Soil water content (SWC) below the roofs decreased rapidly and stayed at continuously low values until roof removal, which as a consequence roughly doubled the duration of the dry season. After roof removal, SWC slowly increased but remained lower than in the control soils even after 2.5 months of wet-season precipitation. We showed that drought-imposed reduction in SWC decreased the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (i.e CO<sub>2</sub> efflux), but strongly increased the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. N, P and N \u00d7 P (i.e. NP) additions all significantly increased CO<sub>2</sub> emission but had no effect on CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes. In treatments where both fertilization and drought were applied, the positive effect of N, P and NP fertilization on CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was reduced. After roof removal, soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux was more resilient in the control plots than in the fertilized plots while there was only a modest effect of roof removal on soil CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes. Our results suggest that a combined increase in drought and nutrient availability in soil can locally increase the emissions of both CO<sub>2 </sub>and CH<sub>4</sub> from tropical soils, for a long term.", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "550", "Nitrogen", "soil GHG fluxes", "drought", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Tropical forest", "GE1-350", "phosphorus", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Chemistry", "Carbon dioxide", "fertilization", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil GHG fluxes", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00180"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-22", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Application To A Mediterranean Wheat Crop On Soil Microbial Activity And Greenhouse Gas Fluxes", "description": "Biochar has been recently proposed as a management strategy to improve crop productivity and global warming mitigation. However, the effect of such approach on soil greenhouse gas fluxes is highly uncertain and few data from field experiments are available. In a field trial, cultivated with wheat, biochar was added to the soil (3 or 6 kg m(-2)) in two growing seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010) so to monitor the effect of treatments on microbial parameters 3 months and 14 months after char addition. N(2)O, CH(4) and CO(2) fluxes were measured in the field during the first year after char addition. Biochar incorporation into the soil increased soil pH (from 5.2 to 6.7) and the rates of net N mineralization, soil microbial respiration and denitrification activity in the first 3 months, but after 14 months treated and control plots did not differ significantly. No changes in total microbial biomass and net nitrification rate were observed. In char treated plots, soil N(2)O fluxes were from 26% to 79% lower than N(2)O fluxes in control plots, excluding four sampling dates after the last fertilization with urea, when N(2)O emissions were higher in char treated plots. However, due to the high spatial variability, the observed differences were rarely significant. No significant differences of CH(4) fluxes and field soil respiration were observed among different treatments, with just few exceptions. Overall the char treatments showed a minimal impact on microbial parameters and GHG fluxes over the first 14 months after biochar incorporation.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "Nitrous Oxide", "Biochar; CH; 4; CO; 2; Denitrification; N; 2; O; Nitrification;", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "Bacteria", "N2O", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "Gases", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-04", "title": "Carbon Mineralization In Two Ultisols Amended With Different Sources And Particle Sizes Of Pyrolyzed Biochar", "description": "Biochar produced during pyrolysis has the potential to enhance soil fertility and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The influence of biochar properties (e.g., particle size) on both short- and long-term carbon (C) mineralization of biochar remains unclear. There is minimal information on the potential effects of biochar particle sizes on their breakdowns by soil microorganism, so it is unknown if the particle size of biochar influences C mineralization rate and/or stability in soils. In order to evaluate the effect of different sources (BS) and particle sizes (BF) of biochar on C loss and/or stability in soils, an incubation study on C mineralization of different biochar sources and particle sizes was established using two soils (ST): Norfolk soil (fine loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, typic Kandiudults) and Coxville soil (fine loamy kaolinitic, thermic, Paleaquults). In separate incubation vessels, these soils were amended with one of two manure-based biochars (poultry litters, PL; swine solids, SS) or one of two lignocellulosic-based biochars (switchgrass, SG; pine chips, PC) which were processed into two particle sizes (dust, <0.42 mm; pellet, >2 mm). The amount of CO2 evolved varied significantly between soils (p\u22640.0001); particle sizes (p\u22640.0001) and the interactions of biochar source (p\u22640.001) and forms of biochars (p\u22640.0001) with soil types. Averaged across soils and sources of biochar, CO2-C evolved from dust-sized biochar (281 mg kg(-1)) was significantly higher than pellet-sized biochar (226 mg kg(-1)). Coxville soils with SS biochar produced the greatest average CO2-C of 428 mg kg(-1) and Norfolk soils with PC had the lowest CO2-C production (93 mg kg(-1)). Measured rates of carbon mineralization also varied with soils and sources of biochar (Norfolk: PL>SS>SG\u2265PC; Coxville: PC>SG>SS>PL). The average net CO2-C evolved from the Coxville soils (385 mg kg(-1)) was about threefold more than the CO2-C evolved from the Norfolk soils (123 mg kg(-1)). Our results suggest different particle sizes and sources of biochar as well as soil type influence biochar stability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Hot Temperature", "Swine", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Poultry", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Particle Size", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-08", "title": "Toxicity screening of biochar-mineral composites using germination tests", "description": "This study assessed the properties and toxicity (water cress germination trials) of 38 waste-derived, novel biochar-mineral composites (BMCs) produced via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). The biochars were produced from sewage sludge and compost-like output (CLO) by varying the type of mineral additive (zeolite, wood ash and lignite fly ash), the mineral-to-feedstock ratio and the carbonization process. While pure hydrochars completely inhibited germination of water cress, this effect was ameliorated by mineral additives. Seedlings grew best in pyrolysis chars and while wood ash addition decreased plant growth in many cases, 1:10 addition to CLO doubled germination rate. The factors responsible for the phytotoxicity can be attributed to pH, salinity and organic contaminants. Importantly, while pure minerals inhibited germination, conversion of minerals into BMCs reduced their inhibitory effects due to buffered release of minerals. Overall, mineral wastes (e.g., combustion ashes) and waste biomass can be used safely as sources of nutrients and stable organic carbon (for soil carbon sequestration) when converted into specific biochar-mineral composites, exploiting synergies between the constituents to deliver superior performance.", "keywords": ["Minerals", "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering", "Ash", "Germination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "Soil", "Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Geological Engineering", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BMCHTC", "Hydrochar", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://arrow.tudublin.ie/context/beschrecart/article/1073/viewcontent/Toxicity_screening_of_biochar_mineral_composites_using_germination_tests.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-07", "title": "Determinants of soil and water conservation practices adoption by smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Kenya", "description": "The central highlands of Kenya play a vital role in supporting agricultural activities and sustaining the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Despite its crucial role, the region faces substantial environmental challenges like soil erosion and land degradation, necessitating the adoption of sustainable land management practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices (SWCPs) among smallholder farmers in central Kenya. Primary data was collected from three administrative wards of Tharaka Nithi County (TNC) using 150 semi-structured household (HH) questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KII), and field observations. STATA and Microsoft Office Excel software were used to analyse the HH survey data, using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and the binary logistic regression model. Qualitative data from the KII was analysed through synthesized text summaries. The results show that 65.33 % of the respondents adopted SWCPs on their farms, while 34.67 % did not at the time of our study. The study findings further revealed that farm size (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b0.641; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and Agro-ecological zone (AEZ) (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b1.341; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05) positively influenced the adoption of SWCPs. On the other hand, distance from homestead to farm (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.003; p\u00a0\u200b<\u00a0\u200b0.05), and age (\u03b2\u00a0\u200b=\u00a0\u200b\u22120.039; p\u00a0\u200b\u2264\u00a0\u200b0.05) negatively influenced the adoption of SWCPs by the farmers. Challenges in SWCPs implementation included inadequate capital (76.53 %), high labor costs (62.24 %), lack of technical knowledge (34.69 %), lack of infrastructure (17.35 %), and insecure land tenure (1.02 %). These study findings hold the potential to guide the TNC government in formulating tailored strategies that can foster the adoption and sustainable implementation of SWCPs among smallholder farmers. If properly implemented, the strategies will bolster agricultural productivity, mitigate soil erosion, and enhance the region's overall environmental and economic well-being.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "05.02. K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1studom\u00e1nyok", "Agriculture (General)", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ddc:910", "Soil fertility", "Smallholder farmers", "Binary logistic model", "01 natural sciences", "S1-972", "12. Responsible consumption", "Mount Kenya east", "11. Sustainability", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sustainable management", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37448/1/34763630.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Farming%20System", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-05", "title": "Crop Yields, Soil Fertility And Phosphorus Fractions In Response To Long-Term Fertilization Under The Rice Monoculture System On A Calcareous Soil", "description": "Abstract   A 14-year field trial was conducted on a calcareous soil to evaluate the effects of continuous rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping and fertilization on crop yield, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions. The application of N and P enhanced rice yields, while K had no yield-increasing effect because of large available soil K resource. The soil organic carbon remained at a stable level except for a decrease in the unfertilized treatment after 1988. Total N did not show clear changes with time or between treatments despite some fluctuation. The available soil K trend after 1985 as well as the comparison between treatments indicated clearly decreasing available soil K, particularly in the NP treatment. Available soil P significantly decreased in the P-omitted treatments, but remained at a stable level in the P-applied treatments with time. Of the total inorganic P (Pi), Ca phosphates (Ca-P) were the dominant Pi forms, accounting for 69\u201371%, followed by Fe phosphates (Fe-P), P occluded within Fe oxides (O-P) and then Al phosphates (Al-P). Of the Ca-P fractions, Ca2-P [CaHPO4\u00b7nH2O], Ca8-P [Ca8H2(PO4)6\u00b7nH2O] and Ca10-P [Ca10(PO4)6\u00b7(OH)2] accounted for 3.1\u20136.2, 5.8\u20136.4 and 87\u201391%, respectively. The NK treatment had significant Ca2-P depletion with time compared with the NPK treatment, and the similar trend was observed for Ca8-P despite decreasing Ca8-P with time for the two treatments. In the NK treatment, Ca2-P and Ca8-P had a good correlation with Olsen-P. The significant changes with time were not observed for Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P. The P application caused a weak accumulation of Fe-P, O-P and Ca10-P, but had no significant effect on total Pi over time. The results suggest that (i) P application is indispensable to maintain high yields of rice under N application and (ii) there was a substantial P release from Ca2-P and Ca8-P linked to P uptake by crops. Hence, soil indigenous P supply, P transformation and the yield responses to fertilizer P application must be synthetically considered to optimize fertilization strategies for irrigated rice production on the calcareous soil at the experimental site.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "070300 Crop and Pasture Production", "0703 (four-digit-FOR)", "Flooding", "etc.)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "300105 Applied Hydrology (Drainage", "Irrigation", "Quality", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-14", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Different Integrated Nutrient Management On Soil Organic Carbon And Its Fractions And Sustainability Of Rice\u2013Wheat System In Indo Gangetic Plains Of India", "description": "Abstract   Rice\u2013wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and is responsible for the food security of the region. The effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its fractions, SOC sequestration potential as well as the sustainability of the rice\u2013wheat system were evaluated in long term experiments at different agro-climatic zones of IGP. Application of NPK either through inorganic fertilizers or through combination of inorganic fertilizer and organics such as farm yard manure (FYM) or crop residue or green manure improved the SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration and their sequestration rate. Application of 50% NPK\u00a0+\u00a050%\u00a0N through FYM in rice and 100% NPK in wheat, sequestered 0.39, 0.50, 0.51 and 0.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 over control (no N\u2013P\u2013K fertilizers or organics), respectively at Ludhiana, Kanpur, Sabour and Kalyani using the mass of SOC in the control treatment as reference point. Soil carbon sequestration with response to application of fertilizer partially substituted (50% on N basis) with organics were higher in Kalyani and Sabour lying in humid climate than Ludhiana and Kanpur lying in semiarid climate. The rice yield recorded a significant declining trend in Ludhiana and Kanpur where as the yield trend was stable at Sabour and Kalyani under unfertilized control. The system productivity in N\u2013P\u2013K fertilized plots and NPK along with organics showed either an increasing trend or remained stable at all locations during last two and half decades of the experiment.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Kanpur", "Soil organic carbon", "Indo-Gangetic Plains", "Kalyani", "Nutrient management", "India", "Green manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Semiarid zones", "Ludhiana", "Humid zones", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "SOC", "Field Scale", "Sabour"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-22", "title": "Double No-Till And Permanent Raised Beds In Maize-Wheat Rotation Of North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains Of India: Effects On Crop Yields, Water Productivity, Profitability And Soil Physical Properties", "description": "Abstract   Excessive pumping of groundwater over the years to meet the high water requirement of flooded rice crop and intensive tillage have threatened the sustainability of irrigated rice\u2013wheat system (RWS) in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of South Asia. Replacement of rice with less water requiring crops such as maize in the RWS and identification of effective strategies for alternate tillage systems will promote sustainable cropping systems in the IGP. To this effect a 3-year field experiment was established with annual maize\u2013wheat rotation in the north-western IGP of India to evaluate the effect of 3 tillage systems (conventional flat, CTF; no-till flat, NTF; permanent raised beds, NTB) on crop production, water use efficiency, economic profitability and soil physical quality. Grain yield of maize was highest (8.2\u201373.4%) under NTB followed by NTF and CTF across the years. Wheat yield was significantly higher under NTF during the 1st year while tillage practices had non-significant effect in the succeeding two years. On average, maize planted on NTB recorded about 11% lower water use and 16% higher water use efficiency compared to CT. The NTB and NTF required 24.7% and 10.8% less irrigation water than CTF system, respectively with 11.5% higher system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. The NTB and NTF systems provided similar net returns (averaged over 3 years) in maize\u2013wheat system (MWS), which were US$ 281\u00a0ha\u22121 higher compared to CTF system. The CTF system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance in 10\u201315 and 15\u201320\u00a0cm soil layers due to compaction caused by the repeated tillage. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation (>0.25\u00a0mm) were higher under NTB and NTF and lower in the CTF system. Similarly, mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates was higher under NTF and NTB compared to CTF. The study reveals that NTB and NTF systems could be more viable options for MWS in order to save input costs and enhance profitability; however, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "wheats", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "maize", "climate", "6. Clean water", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-11", "title": "Combining Controlled-Release Urea And Normal Urea To Improve The Nitrogen Use Efficiency And Yield Under Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System", "description": "Abstract   Controlled-release urea (CRU) has been shown to improve nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) and yields in wheat and maize crops, although high cost has limited its use. From October 2013 to September 2015, the effects of a fertilizer mixture (polymer coating of sulfur-coated urea, polymer coated urea, and normal urea with N ratios of 3: 3: 4, respectively, during the wheat growing season, and 3.5: 3.5: 3, respectively, during the maize season) on crop yields and nutrients uptake were investigated in a field using a wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) and maize  (Zea mays  L. )  rotation system. Crop residues were returned into the field at the end of the growing season. Before planting each crop, the fertilizer mixture was applied once as basal dressing at two application rates of 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  (CRU1) and 150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  (CRU2). Meanwhile, the equivalent rates of normal urea (BBF1 and BBF2) used as twice-split fertilization, 60% at pre-plant and 40% at jointing stage of wheat or V12 (twelve leaf collar) stage of maize as the control. The results suggested that blended applications of CRU and normal urea fulfilled the wheat and maize plants demand for nitrogen during the entire growth periods with crop residues were returned into the field. The yields in the CRU1 treatment were increased by 7.9\u201310.3% for wheat and 9.1\u201321.0% for maize, compared with normal urea treatment at the same nitrogen application rates. The NUEs in the mixture treatments were increased by 33.7\u201356.4% for wheat and 16.7\u201348.5% for maize, respectively, and the average annual net profit was also increased by 14.5\u201319.9%, compared with normal urea treatments at the same nitrogen application rates. Although the treatment of CRU2 supplied one-third less N, its yield was similar with that of urea at 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . However, the BBF2 treatment supplied one-third less N, the yields were significantly decreased by 6.1\u201311.1% for wheat and 7.2\u20139.4% for maize than that the urea at 225\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . In addition, the mixture treatments significantly increased the quality and quantity of tillering of wheat. Furthermore, the NO 3  \u2212 -N and NH 4  + -N concentration in soil were enhanced especially during the later crops stages, and leaching of soil nitrogen was reduced by using the fertilizer mixture. These results demonstrate that combining CRU and normal urea improved crop yields and NUEs while decreasing costs of fertilizer and the labors required for fertilizer application.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuechao Yang, Hongyin Zhou, Min Zhang, Weitao Zhang, Wenkui Zheng, Chengliang Li, Hao Lu, Baocheng Chen, Zhiguang Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-09", "title": "Legume Cover Crop Management On Nitrogen Dynamics And Yield In Grain Corn Systems", "description": "Abstract   The N contribution of a legume cover crop may reduce fertilizer N inputs to subsequent grain corn ( Zea mays  L.). However, the best cover crop management options to maximize N to subsequent crop, as well as alternatives to red clover are largely unknown. A field study was conducted at two locations on two contrasting soil types in 2012\u20132013 and 2013\u20132014 to assess N dynamics and grain corn yield in a cover crop-corn rotation. Treatments included 1) cover crop; red clover ( Trifolium pretense  L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum  L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa  L.) and no cover crop (no-cc); 2) cover crop seeding rate (3.36, 6.73, and 13.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ); and 3) cover crop termination timing (fall and spring). Plots were in a split-split plot arrangement. The following spring, no-cc plots were split into three with 0, 112 or 224\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  calcium ammonium nitrate applied (no-cc0N, no-cc112N, no-cc224N, respectively) to the corn crop but no fertilizer N was applied to plots with planted cover crops. Plant available N (PAN) was analyzed by measuring the sum of soil mineral N (SMN) in 0\u201360\u00a0cm depth and plant aboveground N content. In October SMN was 10\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  lower with the legume cover crop treatments compared to no-cc, suggesting these cover crops may mitigate N losses over the winter. The following May in spring-terminated plots, PAN was 20\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  lower in no-cc compared to red clover and alfalfa. At corn harvest, spring terminated plots had 14\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  higher PAN as compared to fall terminated cover crops. At corn harvest, PAN and corn grain yield were significantly higher by 21\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  and 1.0\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively, in the highest (13.5\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ) cover crop seeding rate compared to the lowest rate (3.35\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Red clover or alfalfa sown at 6.7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  with spring termination is recommended to maximize N availability to subsequent corn crop. These observed effects were related to aboveground cover crop growth of alfalfa\u00a0\u2265\u00a0red clover\u00a0>\u00a0>\u00a0crimson clover but only alfalfa and red clover had a positive impact on corn yield in one of two years. Management practices that improve crimson clover establishment and growth, as well as, a cost analysis associated with legume cover cropping are needed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laura L. Van Eerd, Claire Coombs, John D. Lauzon, Bill Deen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-19", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To N Fertilization In A Loamy Soil Under Maize Cultivation", "description": "Abstract   To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01  (CKNL), maize ( Zea mays  L.) planted and N-unfertilized soil (N0), and planted soils fertilized with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01  (NL) and 250\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01  (NH). Soil CO 2  efflux during the maize growth season was significantly affected by soil temperature and also by soil moisture when the opposite effect of soil moisture below and above the optimum values was distinguished. There was a significant interdependence between soil temperature and soil moisture in the effect on soil CO 2  efflux in the presence of maize plants. A logarithm transformed regression equation including soil temperature ( T ) and soil moisture ( W ) was developed as  y \u00a0=\u00a0 a \u00a0+\u00a0 bT  log( W ). This equation accounted for 60\u201371% of the seasonal variation in soil CO 2  efflux, which better depicted soil CO 2  efflux than did a regression equation with soil temperature alone in the maize planted soils. Cumulative soil CO 2  emissions in the CK0 and CKNL treatments were estimated as 229\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012 and 245\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 , respectively during the experimental period and the application of N fertilizer slightly increased soil basal respiration by 6.5% through enhancing microbial biomass. In contrast, cumulative seasonal soil CO 2  emissions were 7.4% lower in the NL (461\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) and NH (462\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) treatments than in the N0 treatment (498\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ), indicating that N fertilization marginally significantly depressed soil respiration ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.06). N application rates, however, did not exhibit any effects. Our results suggest that the effects of N fertilization on soil respiration mainly depended on the concentration of easily decomposed organic carbon in soil and N fertilization possibly reduced soil respiration in the planted soils when N released from the decomposition of native soil organic carbon roughly met the demand for maize growth.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-10-06T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-19", "title": "Tensile Strength And Organic Carbon Of Soil Aggregates Under Long-Term No Tillage In Semiarid Aragon (Ne Spain)", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported by the Comisi\u00f3n Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda of Spain (grants AGL2010-22050-CO3-02/AGR and AGL2007-66320-C02-02/AGR) and the European Union (FEDER funds). N. Blanco-Moure was awarded with a FPI fellowship by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aggregate strength", "Soil organic carbon", "Rupture energy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Dryland cereal farming", "15. Life on land", "Conservation tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.05.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Forestry&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Forestry&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Forestry&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+Forestry&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8201, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-10-23T09:58:51.732579Z"}