Soil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.50\u00a0cm) was significantly higher in the 3-weekly watering treatment as compared to the weekly watering treatment. This might be beneficial to Quercus suber, the tree component in this ecosystem, as its extensive tree root system enables water acquisition from deeper soil layers. However, manipulation of the within-season precipitation variability, with a shift to fewer, but larger rain events, without change in total precipitation amount, had no significant effect on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and species composition, with average values of peak biomass of 385\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 222\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 for ANPP and BNPP, respectively. The experimental precipitation patterns did not result in significant differences in the vegetation gas exchange between the two watering treatments. The CO2 and H2O exchange parameters correlated well with air temperature. In addition, evapotranspiration showed a good correlation with SWC. Incorporating the data of SWC in the conceptual \u2018bucket model\u2019 showed that, independently of the watering regime, soil water availability during the life-cycle of these annual plants did not reach severe water stress conditions, which can explain the lack of a significant treatment effect in our study. In addition, our results showed that the annual plant community in these Mediterranean ecosystems is well adapted to short-term drought, through their phenological patterns and physiological adaptations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean Ecosystem", "species composition", "precipitation variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "primary productivity", "climate change", "herbaceous understorey", "vegetation gas exchange", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-01", "title": "Dietary Linseed And Starch Supplementation Decreases Methane Production Of Fattening Bulls", "description": "Abstract The objective was to determine CH4 production from bulls fed a feedlot diet rich in either fibre (F) or starch and lipid (SL) over the fattening period. Fifty six Charolais bulls (259\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.4\u00a0d of age and 339\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2\u00a0kg live weight (LW)) were allocated randomly to one of two diets and blocked with 4 replicate pens/diet based on LW and age, and fattened for up to 18 months. Both treatments included barley straw with the appropriate concentrate mixture rich in fibre or starch and fat. The concentrate mixture and barley straw were available ad libitum, and the intake ratio (870:130; dry matter (DM) basis) for the concentrate mixture and barley straw was similar for both diets. Methane production was determined for each bull for 5\u00a0d using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas method at the beginning (24\u00a0d on diet\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4), middle (120\u00a0d\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2), and end (228\u00a0d\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.1) of the fattening period. Feed intake was measured daily and bulls were weighed every 15\u00a0d. Ruminal fluid samples were collected on the last day of each CH4 measurement period by rumenocentesis and measured for pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Bulls fed SL had lower DM, organic matter and gross energy intake (P This paper is part of the special issue entitled: Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture \u2013 Finding a Balance between Food and Emissions, Guest Edited by T.A. McAllister, Section Guest Editors; K.A. Beauchemin, X. Hao, S. McGinn and Editor for Animal Feed Science and Technology, P.H. Robinson.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "bovin", "b\u0153uf", "ruminant", "taureau charolais", "lin", "engraissement", "630", "starch and fat rich diet", "gaz", "feculent;taureau charolais", "[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies", "graine", "2. Zero hunger", "sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique", "climat", "ol\u00e9agineux", "0402 animal and dairy science", "feculent", "fattening bull", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "residual feed intake", "[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies", "taureau", "enteric methane mitigation", "linseed"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Feed%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-07", "title": "Biochar Helps Enhance Maize Productivity And Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Balanced Fertilization In A Rainfed Low Fertility Inceptisol", "description": "Maize production plays an important role in global food security, especially in arid and poor-soil regions. Its production is also increasing in China in terms of both planting area and yield. However, maize productivity in rainfed croplands is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture insufficiency. To increase the maize yield, local farmers use NPK fertilizer. However, the fertilization regime (CF) they practice is unbalanced with too much nitrogen in proportion to both phosphorus and potassium, which has led to low fertilizer use efficiency and excessive greenhouse gases emissions. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess whether a high yielding but low greenhouse gases emission system could be developed by the combination of balanced fertilization (BF) and biochar amendment in a rainfed farmland located in the Northern region of China. Biochar was applied at rates of 0, 20, and 40 t/ha. Results show that BF and biochar increased maize yield and partial nutrient productivity and decreased nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. Under BF the maize yield was 23.7% greater than under CF. N2O emissions under BF were less than half that under CF due to a reduced N fertilizer application rate. Biochar amendment decreased N2O by more than 31% under CF, while it had no effect on N2O emissions under BF. Thus BF was effective at maintaining a high maize yield and reducing greenhouse gases emissions. If combined with biochar amendment, BF would be a good way of sustaining low carbon agriculture in rainfed areas.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "330", "Rain", "Balanced fertilization", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "11. Sustainability", "Crop yield", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "Greenhouse gases", "Fertility", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Rainfed agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.04.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-24", "title": "Unusual neon isotopic composition in Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks: Fluorine bearing mineral contribution or trace of an impact event?", "description": "Abstract Extraterrestrial materials have He and Ne isotopic compositions that are distinct from those of the Earth's surface. In order to track the extraterrestrial material accreted onto Earth during the Ediacaran period, we have analyzed the He and Ne isotopic composition of thirteen sedimentary rocks in the age range ~550\u2013600\u202fMa, coming from the Huqf supergroup in Oman for which carbon and sulfur isotopic data have been characterized previously. 3He/4He ratios range between 0.006\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.003 and 0.27\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.01 RA, with RA being the atmospheric ratio. 3He/4He ratios show a positive relationship with 3He contents ranging between 0.6 and 31\u202f\u00d7\u202f10\u221213\u202fcm3\u202fSTP\u00b7g\u22121. The 3He contents are within the literature data for 3 to 480\u202fMyr old samples with evidence of IDP 3He (IDP for interplanetary dust particles), suggesting that extraterrestrial 3He is still retained in such old samples. 20Ne/22Ne ratios are close to or below the modern atmospheric ratio of 9.8 with the minimum value equal to 9.05\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.03. 21Ne/22Ne ratios show a high range of variation, going from 0.0345\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.0009 to 0.0935\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.0023. The Ne isotopic compositions follow a nucleogenic trend similar to that of crustal fluids from the literature and predicted continental crust. However, one sample (3404) shows an unusual Ne isotopic composition with a lower 20Ne/22Ne at similar 21Ne/22Ne compared to the other samples. Two hypotheses can explain this singular Ne isotopic composition. First, it could be the result of a particular nucleogenic trend due to the presence of F-bearing minerals in this sample. SEM-EDS elemental mapping showed that although F- and Ca-rich phases, which could correspond to fluorites, are present in sample 3404. However, their abundance of ~0.15% seems too low to explain the unusual Ne isotopic composition. However, due to the high uncertainty of the calculations, we cannot totally rule out this hypothesis. Alternatively, the singular Ne isotopic composition could be due to the presence of a Ne-A component, a component characterizing pre-solar diamonds contained in chondrites. This would indicate that a major object impacted the Earth at the time the sediment was forming, between ~600 and ~550\u202fMa, which is coherent with the estimated age range of the Acraman impact in Australia.", "keywords": ["[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ne-A", "Nucleogenic", "Ediacaran sedimentary rocks", "13. Climate action", "Noble gas", "Acraman impact", "Fluorite", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.04.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20Geology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.04.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.04.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.04.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-25", "title": "How does management affect soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in boreal and temperate forests? \u2013 A review", "description": "The global forest carbon (C) stock is estimated at 662 Gt of which 45% is in soil organic matter. Thus, comprehensive understanding of the effects of forest management practices on forest soil C stock and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes is needed for the development of effective forest-based climate change mitigation strategies. To improve this understanding, we synthesized peer-reviewed literature on forest management practices that canmitigate climate change by increasing soil C stocks and reducing GHG emissions. We further identified soil processes that affect soil GHG balance and discussed how models represent forest management effects on soil in GHG inventories and scenario analyses to address forest climate change mitigation potential.Forest management effects depend strongly on the specific practice and land type. Intensive timber harvesting with removal of harvest residues/stumps results in a reduction in soil C stock, while high stocking density and enhanced productivity by fertilization or dominance of coniferous species increase soil C stock. Nitrogenfertilization increases the soil C stock and N2O emissions while decreasing the CH4 sink. Peatland hydrology management is a major driver of the GHG emissions of the peatland forests, with lower water level corresponding to higher CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the global warming potential of all GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) together can be ten-fold higher after clear-cutting than in peatlands with standing trees. The climate change mitigation potential of forest soils, as estimated by modelling approaches, accounts for stand biomass driven effects and climate factors that affect the decomposition rate. A future challenge is to account for the effects of soil preparation and other management that affects soil processes by changing soil temperature, soil moisture, soil nutrient balance, microbial community structure and processes, hydrology and soil oxygen concentration in the models. We recommend that soil monitoring and modelling focus on linkingprocesses of soil C stabilization with the functioning of soil microbiota.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Peatland hydrology management", "CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION", "WOOD ASH APPLICATION", "530", "Greenhouse gas", "SITE PREPARATION", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "BELOW-GROUND CARBON", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "PONDEROSA PINE", "GE", "PLANT LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "NORWAY SPRUCE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "004", "Forest fertilization", "Harvesting practices", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Forest fire management", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Forest soil carbon management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE", "GE Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fee.1482", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-10", "title": "The Jumbo Carbon Footprint Of A Shrimp: Carbon Losses From Mangrove Deforestation", "description": "
Scientists have the difficult task of clearly conveying the ecological consequences of forest and wetland loss to the public. To address this challenge, we scaled the atmospheric carbon emissions arising from mangrove deforestation down to the level of an individual consumer. This type of quantification represents the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cland\uffe2\uff80\uff90use carbon footprint\uffe2\uff80\uff9d, or the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated when natural ecosystems are converted to produce commodities. On the basis of measurements of ecosystem carbon stocks from 30 relatively undisturbed mangrove forests and 21 adjacent shrimp ponds or cattle pastures, we determined that mangrove conversion results in GHG emissions ranging between 1067 and 3003 megagrams of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per hectare. There is a land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use carbon footprint of 1440 kg CO2e for every kilogram of beef and 1603 kg CO2e for every kilogram of shrimp produced on lands formerly occupied by mangroves. A typical steak and shrimp cocktail dinner would burden the atmosphere with 816 kg CO2e. This is approximately the same quantity of GHGs produced by driving a fuel\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficient automobile from Los Angeles to New York City. Failure to include deforestation in life\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycle assessments greatly underestimates the GHG emissions from food production.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "mangroves", "carbon", "greenhouse gases", "emission", "carbon dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1482"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fee.1482", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fee.1482", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fee.1482"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:14:41Z", "created": "2011-02-08", "title": "Biofuels, Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change", "description": "Biofuels are fuels produced from biomass, mostly in liquid form, within a time frame sufficiently short to consider that their feedstock (biomass) can be renewed, contrarily to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current and future biofuel technologies, and their development impacts (including on the climate) within given policy and economic frameworks. Current technologies make it possible to provide first generation biodiesel, ethanol or biogas to the transport sector to be blended with fossil fuels. Still under-development 2nd generation biofuels from lignocellulose should be available on the market by 2020. Research is active on the improvement of their conversion efficiency. A ten-fold increase compared with current cost-effective capacities would make them highly competitive. Within bioenergy policies, emphasis has been put on biofuels for transportation as this sector is fast-growing and represents a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with fossil fuels, biofuel combustion can emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle, considering that part of the emitted returns to the atmosphere where it was fixed from by photosynthesis in the first place. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to assess the potential environmental impacts of biofuel chains, notably the impact on global warming. This tool, whose holistic nature is fundamental to avoid pollution trade-offs, is a standardised methodology that should make comparisons between biofuel and fossil fuel chains objective and thorough. However, it is a complex and time-consuming process, which requires lots of data, and whose methodology is still lacking harmonisation. Hence the life-cycle performances of biofuel chains vary widely in the literature. Furthermore, LCA is a site- and time- independent tool that cannot take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions of emissions, and can hardly serve as a decision-making tool either at local or regional levels. Focusing on greenhouse gases, emission factors used in LCAs give a rough estimate of the potential average emissions on a national level. However, they do not take into account the types of crop, soil or management practices, for instance. Modelling the impact of local factors on the determinism of greenhouse gas emissions can provide better estimates for LCA on the local level, which would be the relevant scale and degree of reliability for decision-making purposes. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the processes involved, most notably emissions, is still needed to definitely improve the accuracy of LCA. Perennial crops are a promising option for biofuels, due to their rapid and efficient use of nitrogen, and their limited farming operations. However, the main overall limiting factor to biofuel development will ultimately be land availability. Given the available land areas, population growth rate and consumption behaviours, it would be possible to reach by 2030 a global 10% biofuel share in the transport sector, contributing to lower global greenhouse gas emissions by up to (IEA, 2006), provided that harmonised policies ensure that sustainability criteria for the production systems are respected worldwide. Furthermore, policies should also be more integrative across sectors, so that changes in energy efficiency, the automotive sector and global consumption patterns converge towards drastic reduction of the pressure on resources. Indeed, neither biofuels nor other energy source or carriers are likely to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on resources in a range that would compensate for this pressure growth. Hence, the first step is to reduce this pressure by starting from the variable that drives it up, i.e. anthropic consumptions.", "keywords": ["effet de serre", "BIOFUELS;ENERGY CROPS;PERENNIALS;LCA;GREENHOUSE GASES;CLIMATE CHANGE;POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS;BIOENERGY POTENTIAL;LAND-USE CHANGE;NITROUS OXIDE;CARBON DIOXIDE;AGRICULTURAL PRATICES \u00a0;AGRONOMIE;", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "biomasse", "pratique culturale", "\u00e9nergie", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "oxyde nitreux", "gaz trace", "\u00e9mission", "Agricultural sciences", "flux", "culture \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "cycle de vie", "biocarburant", "13. Climate action", "politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique", "impact sur l'environnement", "Sciences agricoles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-94-007-0394-0_20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/pts.2308", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:14:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-21", "title": "Cellulose Nanocrystals from Lignocellulosic Raw Materials, for Oxygen Barrier Coatings on Food Packaging Films", "description": "Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are unique, renewable top-down nano particles from which coatings with improved gas barrier properties and new functionalities can be prepared. In this paper, the potential for obtaining such high performing nanocrystals from low-cost lignocellulosic by-products or raw materials is proved by a comparison study on CNCs obtained both from cotton linters and kraft pulp, by means of the ammonium persulfate (APS) process. Morphological and chemical characterization of the nanocrystals obtained, as well as the main functional properties of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) coated films, showed quite similar characteristics and performances of CNCs obtained from pure cellulose raw material (cotton linters) and the nanoparticles produced from a potential discard of paper making processes (kraft pulp). In particular, the gas barrier properties of the coating produced with CNCs obtained from kraft pulp were very promising, providing oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability values hundreds of times lower than those of equal thickness in comparison with common barrier synthetic polymers, over a broad range of temperatures. The results obtained are relevant not only for the outstanding performances achieved, but also because they evoke a possible positive example of industrial symbiosis in the packaging field, merging together the requirements and needs of the paper and plastic industries and addressing the way towards a better management of waste and materials. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "keywords": ["ammonium persulfate (APS) process; cellulose nano-crystals; film coating; gas permeability; lignocellulosic materials; Chemistry (all); Materials Science (all); Mechanical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2308"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Packaging%20Technology%20and%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/pts.2308", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/pts.2308", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/pts.2308"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-015-1004-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-18", "title": "Biochar Alters Nitrogen Transformations But Has Minimal Effects On Nitrous Oxide Emissions In An Organically Managed Lettuce Mesocosm", "description": "Open AccessISSN:1432-0789", "keywords": ["Functional gene abundance", "2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Organic farming", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Lettuce", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Mineralization; Nitrification; Functional gene abundance; Lettuce; Organic farming; Greenhouse gas emissions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1004-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-015-1004-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-015-1004-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-015-1004-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-03", "title": "Soil-Atmosphere Methane Exchange In Undisturbed And Burned Mediterranean Shrubland Of Southern Italy", "description": "Soils represent the primary biotic sink for atmospheric methane (CH4). Uncertainty is associated, however, with global soil CH4 consumption because of the few data available from many areas and, in particular, from Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange was measured for one year in a coastal Italian shrubland (maquis), from both undisturbed areas and areas treated with experimental fire. Although fire represents one of the most frequent disturbance factors in seasonally dry environments, very few studies in these ecosystems have focused on its effect on soil CH4 fluxes. Significant differences in soil ammonium content, water content, and temperature were measured between burned and unburned plots, however, no statistical differences were observed for CH4 fluxes. CH4 fluxes varied between \u22120.39 and \u221216.1\u00a0mg CH4 m\u22122 day\u22121 and temporal variations were mainly driven by variations in soil water content and temperature. The highest CH4 oxidation rates were measured during the driest and warmest period. Low gravimetric soil water content in the top 10\u00a0cm, as well as high NH 4 + concentration, did not seem to reduce methanotrophic activity, suggesting that maximal CH4 oxidation activity might take place deeper in the soil profile, at least during part of the year.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "Ammonium; Fire; Mediterranean maquis; Methane; Soil temperature; Soil uptake; Soil water;", "methane", "fire; soil; methane; green house gases", "green house gases", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "fire", "soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-28", "title": "Management opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese agriculture", "description": "Open AccessL'agriculture repr\u00e9sente environ 11\u00a0% des \u00e9missions nationales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) de la Chine. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'adoption de meilleures pratiques de gestion sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion, les agriculteurs chinois peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions tout en maintenant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire de leur grande population (>1 300 millions). Cet article pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats d'une \u00e9valuation ascendante visant \u00e0 quantifier le potentiel technique des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation pour l'agriculture chinoise \u00e0 l'aide d'une m\u00e9ta-analyse de donn\u00e9es provenant de 240 publications pour les terres cultiv\u00e9es, 67 publications pour les prairies et 139 publications pour le b\u00e9tail, et fournit le sc\u00e9nario de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l'analyse des co\u00fbts des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation identifi\u00e9es. Les options de gestion pr\u00e9sentant le plus grand potentiel d'att\u00e9nuation pour le riz ou les syst\u00e8mes de culture \u00e0 base de riz sont le travail de conservation, l'irrigation contr\u00f4l\u00e9e\u00a0; le remplacement de l'ur\u00e9e par du sulfate d'ammonium, l'application d'inhibiteurs d'azote (N), l'application d'engrais \u00e0 teneur r\u00e9duite en azote, la culture int\u00e9gr\u00e9e du riz, du poisson et du canard et l'application de biochar. Une r\u00e9duction de 15\u00a0% de l'application moyenne actuelle d'engrais azot\u00e9s synth\u00e9tiques pour le riz en Chine, soit 231 kg N ha\u22121, entra\u00eenerait une diminution de 12\u00a0% des \u00e9missions directes d'oxyde nitreux (N2O) dans le sol. L'application combin\u00e9e d'engrais chimiques et organiques, le travail de conservation, l'application de biochar et l'application r\u00e9duite d'azote sont des mesures possibles qui peuvent r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions globales de GES des syst\u00e8mes de culture en montagne. Les apports d'engrais conventionnels pour les l\u00e9gumes de serre repr\u00e9sentent plus de 2 \u00e0 8 fois la demande optimale en nutriments des cultures. Une r\u00e9duction de 20 \u00e0 40\u00a0% de l'application d'engrais azot\u00e9s sur les cultures mara\u00eech\u00e8res peut r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de N2O de 32 \u00e0 121\u00a0%, sans avoir d'impact n\u00e9gatif sur le rendement. L'une des mesures d'att\u00e9nuation les plus importantes pour les prairies agricoles pourrait \u00eatre la conversion de terres cultiv\u00e9es \u00e0 faible rendement, en particulier sur les pentes, en terres arbustives ou en prairies, ce qui est \u00e9galement une option prometteuse pour r\u00e9duire l'\u00e9rosion des sols. En outre, l'exclusion du p\u00e2turage et la r\u00e9duction de l'intensit\u00e9 du p\u00e2turage peuvent augmenter la s\u00e9questration du COS et r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions globales tout en am\u00e9liorant les prairies largement d\u00e9grad\u00e9es. Pour la production animale, o\u00f9 le fourrage de mauvaise qualit\u00e9 est couramment nourri, l'am\u00e9lioration de la gestion des p\u00e2turages et de la qualit\u00e9 de l'alimentation peut r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de m\u00e9thane (CH4) de 11\u00a0% et 5\u00a0% en moyenne. Les compl\u00e9ments alimentaires peuvent r\u00e9duire davantage les \u00e9missions de CH4, les lipides (r\u00e9duction de 15\u00a0%) et les tanins ou saponines (r\u00e9duction de 11\u00a0%) pr\u00e9sentant le plus grand potentiel. Nous sugg\u00e9rons \u00e9galement les mesures d'att\u00e9nuation les plus rentables sur le plan \u00e9conomique, en nous appuyant sur les travaux connexes sur la construction de courbes de co\u00fbts marginaux de r\u00e9duction pour le secteur.", "keywords": ["China", "Livestock", "550", "Cropping", "MACC", "Soil Science", "Cropland", "Rice Water Management and Productivity Enhancement", "Plant Science", "Greenhouse gas", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Environmental science", "Meta-analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Research", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "11. Sustainability", "Agroforestry", "Waste management", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Technical potential", "Geography", "Ecology", "Economic potential", "Life Sciences", "Nutrient management", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Biochar", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Aerobic Rice Systems", "Pyrolysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Liming modifies greenhouse gas fluxes from soils: A meta-analysis of biological drivers", "description": "Acidic soils cover about 30% of the world's land. Liming is a management practice applied worldwide to reduce the negative effects of acidification on soil fertility and plant growth. Liming also affects the biotic and abiotic soil properties controlling the production and consumption of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Although our understanding of how liming regulates net GHG emissions is increasing, the impact of liming on soil biological drivers of GHG emissions has not been quantitatively synthesized. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis using 1474 paired observations from 124 studies to explore the responses of GHG emissions to liming, with a focus on soil biological factors. We show that the N2O mitigation capacity of liming could be linked to (i) increases in bacterial abundance of N2O reductase genes (NosZ) and decreases in fungi:bacteria ratio, both contributing to a lower N2O:N2 product ratio of denitrification; and (ii) reductions in soil mineral nitrogen (N) via stimulation of plant N uptake. The limited evidence available indicates that liming reduced CH4 emissions and the abundance of methanogens, but it had no effect on CH4 uptake and abundance of methanotrophs. Liming-induced increases in soil CO2 emissions can be explained by higher heterotrophic and/or autotrophic respiration. The strong coupling between liming effects on GHG emissions and on soil microbial communities involved in GHG production and consumption can be used to identify strategies to reduce GHGs in response to liming, and to improve process-based models for better predictions of soil GHG emissions.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biological drivers", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "11. Sustainability", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Liming", "Soil acidification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-18", "title": "Increased N2O emissions by cover crops in a diverse crop rotation can be mediated with dual nitrification and urease inhibitors", "description": "Agriculture significantly contributes to global soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Crop rotation diversification and cover cropping are feasible agronomic strategies to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment. However, input of cover crop residues could potentially increase soil N2O emissions. Dual nitrification and urease inhibitors (NUI) administered after cover crop termination at the time of nitrogen fertiliser addition could reduce emissions, but this has not been widely evaluated in field studies. A 4-year crop rotation study was conducted to determine the effect of crop diversification and use of NUI on N2O emissions, crop yield and N2O intensity. Nitrous oxide flux was measured year-round using a micrometeorological method deployed on four 4-ha fields. Two fields were managed with a conventional crop rotation (CONV) (corn \u2013 soybean \u2013 soybean) and two fields were managed with a diverse crop rotation (DIV) (corn \u2013 soybean \u2013 winter-wheat plus cover crops either as 2-species mixture under seeded to corn or 4-species mixture after winter-wheat harvest). The effect of a NUI [N(-n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and Pronitridine] was tested in corn in the fourth year. The DIV rotation resulted in 43 % lower annual N2O emissions when winter wheat was grown instead of soybean and 18\u201326 % increase in annual N2O emissions for corn. The DIV rotation increased N2O intensity by 15 % in Year 1 and 36 % in Year 4 compared to corn in the CONV rotation. The use of NUI in DIV rotation resulted in 15 % lower total N2O emissions over 3 years of the rotation cycle. The application of NUI resulted in a 19 % reduction in N2O intensity within the DIV rotation, with no observable effect on corn yield. Further research should focus on optimising the N application rates according to NUI use, considering available nitrogen from crop residues and cover crops when integrated into the crop rotation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Micrometeorological method", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Corn-soybean rotation", "Mitigation", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-023-00838-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-24", "title": "Different Cerrado Ecotypes Show Contrasting Soil Microbial Properties, Functioning Rates, and Sensitivity to Changing Water Regimes", "description": "AbstractSoil moisture is among the most important factors regulating soil biodiversity and functioning. Models forecast changes in the precipitation regime in many areas of the planet, but how these changes will influence soil functioning, and how biotic drivers modulate such effects, is far from being understood. We evaluated the responses of C and N fluxes, and soil microbial properties to different soil water regimes in soils from the main three ecotypes of the world's largest and most diverse tropical savanna. Further, we explored the direct and indirect effects of changes in the ecotype and soil water regimes on these key soil processes. Soils from the woodland savanna showed a better nutritional status than the other ecotypes, as well as higher potential N cycling rates, N2O emissions, and soil bacterial abundance but lower bacterial richness, whereas potential CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake peaked in the intermediate savanna. The ecotype also modulated the effects of changes in the soil water regime on nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil bacterial properties, with more intense responses in the intermediate savanna. Further, we highlight the existence of multiple contrasting direct and indirect (via soil microbes and abiotic properties) effects of an intensification of the precipitation regime on soil C- and N-related processes. Our results confirm that ecotype is a fundamental driver of soil properties and functioning in the Cerrado and that it can determine the responses of key soil processes to changes in the soil water regime.Establishing parkland agroforestry on currently treeless cropland in the West African Sahel may help mitigate climate change. To evaluate its potential, we used climatically suitable ranges for parklands for 19 climate scenarios, derived by ecological niche modeling, for estimating potential carbon stocks in parkland and treeless cropland. A biocarbon business model was used to evaluate profitability of hypothetical Terrestrial Carbon Projects (TCPs), across a range of farm sizes, farm numbers, carbon prices and benefit sharing mechanisms. Using climate analogues, we explored potential climate change trajectories for selected locations. If mature parklands covered their maximum range, carbon stocks in Sahelian productive land would be about 1,284\uffc2\uffa0Tg, compared to 725\uffc2\uffa0Tg in a treeless scenario. Due to slow increase rates of total system carbon by 0.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921, most TCPs at carbon prices that seem realistic today were not feasible, or required the participation of large numbers of farmers. For small farms, few TCP scenarios were feasible, and low Net Present Values for farmers made it unlikely that carbon payments would motivate many to participate in TCPs, unless additional benefits were provided. Climate analogue locations indicated an uncertain climate trajectory for the Sahel, but most scenarios projected increasing aridity and reduced suitability for parklands. The potentially severe impacts of climate change on Sahelian ecosystems and the uncertain profitability of TCPs make the Sahel highly risky for carbon investments. Given the likelihood of degrading environmental conditions, the search for appropriate adaptation strategies should take precedence over promoting mitigation activities.
", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Carbon accounting", "Atmospheric Science", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Economics", "Profitability index", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "Range (aeronautics)", "Rangeland Degradation", "Natural resource economics", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Business", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Physical Sciences", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Global Forest Transition", "Agroforestry", "climate", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-023-01091-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-15", "title": "Global observation gaps of peatland greenhouse gas balances: needs and obstacles", "description": "AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.250 \u03bcm, 63\u2013250 \u03bcm, and 250 \u03bcm fraction of the sugar maple\u2013basswood ecosystem from 0.9 to 3.3 but there were no changes in other size classes or in the black oak\u2013white oak ecosystem. Third, simulated N deposition increased the ratio of lignin derivatives to N-bearing compounds in the 63\u2013250 and >250 \u03bcm fractions in both ecosystems but not in the 63 \u03bcm) where there were multiple correlations between oxidative enzyme activities and concentrations of lignin derivatives and between glycanolytic enzyme activities and concentrations of carbohydrates. Within silt-clay fractions (<63 \u03bcm), these enzyme-substrate correlations were attenuated by interactions with particle surfaces. Our results demonstrate that variation in enzyme activity resulting from atmospheric N deposition is directly linked to changes in soil organic matter chemistry, particularly those that occur within coarse soil size fractions.", "keywords": ["Carbon structure", "Soil organic matter", "13. Climate action", "Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-008-9257-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-11", "title": "Effects Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizer Nitrogen On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant-Captured Carbon Under Maize Cropping In Zimbabwe", "description": "Optimizing a three-way pact comprising crop yields, fertility inputs and greenhouse gases may minimize the contribution of croplands to global warming. Fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 from soil were measured under maize (Zea mays L.) grown using 0, 60 and 120\u00a0kg\u00a0N hm-2 as NH4NO3-N and composted manure-N in three seasons on clay (Chromic luvisol) and sandy loam (Haplic lixisol) soils in Zimbabwe. The fluxes were measured using the static chamber methodology involving gas chromatography for ample air analysis. Over an average of 122\u00a0days we estimated emissions of 0.1 to 0.5\u00a0kg N2O-N hm\u22122, 711 to 1574\u00a0kg CO2-C hm\u22122 and\u22122.6 to 5.8\u00a0kg CH4-C hm\u22122 from six treatments during season II with the highest fluxes. The posed hypothesis that composted manure-N may be better placed as a mitigation option against soil emissions of GHG than mineral fertilizer-N was largely supported by N2O fluxes during the wet period of the year, but with high level of uncertainty. Nitrogen addition might have stimulated both emissions and consumption of CH4 but the sink or source strength depended highly on soil water content. We concluded that the application of mineral-N and manure input may play an important role with reference to global warming provided the season can support substantial crop productivity that may reduce the amount of N2O loss per unit yield. Confidence in fluxes response to agricultural management is still low due to sporadic measurements and limited observations from the southern African region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "manures (fertilizers)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Maize", "zea mays", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "climate", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0753-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Simulated Drought And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Plant Productivity And Nitrous Oxide (N2o) Emissions Of Two Pastures", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0032-079X", "keywords": ["Soil acidity", "Drought", "Soil microbial C and N", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Nitrification", "10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies", "Grazing", "Greenhouse gases", "Summer drought", "13. Climate action", "1110 Plant Science", "Denitrification", "570 Life sciences; biology", "590 Animals (Zoology)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Compensatory growth; Denitrification; Drought; Grassland; Grazing; Greenhouse gases; Soil microbial C and N; Soil acidity; Nitrification; Summer drought", "Compensatory growth", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1248-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Comparison of methane, nitrous oxide fluxes and CO2 respiration rates from a Mediterranean cork oak ecosystem and improved pasture", "description": "Background and aims During the recent decades, cork oak (Q. suber) mortality has been increasing in Mediterranean oak woodland endangering the economical and environmental sustainability of the \u201cmontado\u201d ecosystem. This fact in combination with climate change and conversion of forestland to pasture may significantly affect the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange. Our study evaluates the impact of oak trees as compared to pasture on net ecosystem GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) exchange as well as the main environmental factors influencing this exchange.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "litter", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "root density", "evergreen oak", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "organic matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-013-1923-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-10", "title": "Tree stem and soil methane and nitrous oxide fluxes, but not carbon dioxide fluxes, switch sign along a topographic gradient in a tropical forest", "description": "Purpose
Tropical forests exchange large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs: carbon dioxide, CO2; methane, CH4; and nitrous oxide, N2O) with the atmosphere. Forest soils and stems can be either sources or sinks for CH4 and N2O, but little is known about what determines the sign and magnitude of these fluxes. Here, we aimed to study how stem and soil GHG fluxes vary along a topographic gradient in a tropical forest.
Methods
Fluxes of GHG from 56 individual tree stems and adjacent soils were measured with manual static chambers. The topographic gradient was characterized by a soil moisture gradient, with one end in a wetland area (\u201cseasonally flooded\u201d; SF), the other end in an upland area (\u201cterra firme\u201d; TF) and in between a transitional area on the slope (SL).
Results
Tree stems and soils were always sources of CO2 with higher fluxes in SF compared to TF and SL. Fluxes of CH4 and N2O were more variable, even within one habitat. Results showed that, in TF, soils acted as sinks for N2O whereas, in SF and SL, they acted as sources. In contrast, tree stems which were predominantly sources of N2O in SF and TF, were sinks in SL. In the soil, N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by both temperature and soil water content, whereas CH4 fluxes were only significantly correlated with soil water content.
Conclusion
SF areas were major sources of the three gases, whereas SL and TF soils and tree stems acted as either sources or sinks for CH4 and N2O. Our results indicate that tree stems represent overlooked sources of CH4 and N2O in tropical forests that need to be further studied to refine GHG budgets.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "550", "source", "Spatial variation", "Sink", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "spatial variation", "Source", "15. Life on land", "Stem", "630", "soil", "[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics", "Soil", "Greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange", "13. Climate action", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "[SDV.GEN.GPL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics", "106022 Microbiology", "stem", "sink", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Biology", "greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-24", "title": "Root Production Of Fagus Crenata Blume Saplings Grown In Two Soils And Exposed To Elevated Co2 Concentration: An 11-Year Free-Air-Co2 Enrichment (Face) Experiment In Northern Japan", "description": "We examined the root production of a set of Fagus crenata (Siebold\u2019s beech) saplings grown in an infertile immature volcanic ash soil (VA) and another set in a fertile brown forest soil (BF) with both sets exposed to elevated CO2. After the saplings had been exposed to ambient (370\u2013390\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) or elevated (500\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) CO2, during the daytime, for 11 growing seasons, the root systems were excavated. Elevated CO2 boosted the total root production of saplings grown in VA and abolished the negative effect of VA under ambient CO2, but there was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on saplings grown in BF. These results indicate the projected elevated CO2 concentrations may have a different impact in regions with different soil fertility while in regions with VA, a higher net primary production is expected. In addition, we observed large elevated CO2-induced fine-root production and extensive foraging strategy of saplings in both soils, a phenomenon that may partly (a) adjust the biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems, (b) form their response to global change, and (c) increase the size and/or biodiversity of soil fauna. We recommend that future researches consider testing a soil with a higher degree of infertility than the one we tested.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NPP", "Ecophysiology", "Air pollution", "Climate change", "Atmospheric environment", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas", "01 natural sciences", "653"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%2C%20Air%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Soil%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Legumes For Mitigation Of Climate Change And The Provision Of Feedstock For Biofuels And Biorefineries. A Review", "description": "Humans are currently confronted by many global challenges. These include achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population, lowering the risk of climate change by reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, and meeting the increasing demand for energy in the face of dwindling reserves of fossil energy and uncertainties about future reliability of supply. Legumes deliver several important services to societies. They provide important sources of oil, fiber, and protein-rich food and feed while supplying nitrogen (N) to agro-ecosystems via their unique ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with the soil bacteria rhizobia, increasing soil carbon content, and stimulating the productivity of the crops that follow. However, the role of legumes has rarely been considered in the context of their potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change by reducing fossil fuel use or by providing feedstock for the emerging biobased economies where fossil sources of energy and industrial raw materials are replaced in part by sustainable and renewable biomass resources. The aim of this review was to collate the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to (1) lower the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems, (2) reduce the fossil energy used in the production of food and forage, (3) contribute to the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils, and (4) provide a viable source of biomass for the generation of biofuels and other materials in future biorefinery concepts. We estimated that globally between 350 and 500\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 could be emitted as a result of the 33 to 46\u00a0Tg\u00a0N that is biologically fixed by agricultural legumes each year. This compares to around 300\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 released annually from the manufacture of 100\u00a0Tg fertilizer N. The main difference is that the CO2 respired from the nodulated roots of N2-fixing legumes originated from photosynthesis and will not represent a net contribution to atmospheric concentrations of CO2, whereas the CO2 generated during the synthesis of N fertilizer was derived from fossil fuels. Experimental measures of total N2O fluxes from legumes and N-fertilized systems were found to vary enormously (0.03\u20137.09 and 0.09\u201318.16\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). This reflected the data being collated from a diverse range of studies using different rates of N inputs, as well as the large number of climatic, soil, and management variables known to influence denitrification and the portion of the total N lost as N2O. Averages across 71 site-years of data, soils under legumes emitted a total of 1.29\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 during a growing season. This compared to a mean of 3.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 67 site-years of N-fertilized crops and pastures, and 1.20\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 33 site-years of data collected from unplanted soils or unfertilized non-legumes. It was concluded that there was little evidence that biological N2 fixation substantially contributed to total N2O emissions, and that losses of N2O from legume soil were generally lower than N-fertilized systems, especially when commercial rates of N fertilizer were applied. Elevated rates of N2O losses can occur following the termination of legume-based pastures, or where legumes had been green- or brown-manured and there was a rapid build-up of high concentrations of nitrate in soil. Legume crops and legume-based pastures use 35% to 60% less fossil energy than N-fertilized cereals or grasslands, and the inclusion of legumes in cropping sequences reduced the average annual energy usage over a rotation by 12% to 34%. The reduced energy use was primarily due to the removal of the need to apply N fertilizer and the subsequently lower N fertilizer requirements for crops grown following legumes. Life cycle energy balances of legume-based rotations were also assisted by a lower use of agrichemicals for crop protection as diversification of cropping sequences reduce the incidence of cereal pathogens and pests and assisted weed control, although it was noted that differences in fossil energy use between legumes and N-fertilized systems were greatly diminished if energy use was expressed per unit of biomass or grain produced. For a change in land use to result in a net increase C sequestration in soil, the inputs of C remaining in plant residues need to exceed the CO2 respired by soil microbes during the decomposition of plant residues or soil organic C, and the C lost through wind or water erosion. The net N-balance of the system was a key driver of changes in soil C stocks in many environments, and data collected from pasture, cropping, and agroforestry systems all indicated that legumes played a pivotal role in providing the additional organic N required to encourage the accumulation of soil C at rates greater than can be achieved by cereals or grasses even when they were supplied with N fertilizer. Legumes contain a range of compounds, which could be refined to produce raw industrial materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, or food additives as valuable by-products if legume biomass was to be used to generate biodiesel, bioethanol, biojet A1 fuel, or biogas. The attraction of using leguminous material feedstock is that they do not need the inputs of N fertilizer that would otherwise be necessary to support the production of high grain yields or large amounts of plant biomass since it is the high fossil energy use in the synthesis, transport, and application of N fertilizers that often negates much of the net C benefits of many other bioenergy sources. The use of legume biomass for biorefineries needs careful thought as there will be significant trade-offs with the current role of legumes in contributing to the organic fertility of soils. Agricultural systems will require novel management and plant breeding solutions to provide the range of options that will be required to mitigate climate change. Given their array of ecosystem services and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the use of fossil energy, accelerate rates of C sequestration in soil, and provide a valuable source of feedstock for biorefineries, legumes should be considered as important components in the development of future agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Air and water emissions", "Greenhouses and coverings", "7. Clean energy", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Biological N2 fixation", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-02", "title": "Biofuel From Plant Biomass", "description": "Abstract
Plant biomass can be used for multiple forms of bioenergy, and there is a very large potential supply, depending on which global assessment is most accurate in terms of land area that could be available for biomass production. The most suitable plant species must be identified before the potential biomass production in a particular region can be quantified. This in turn depends on the degree of climatic adaptation by those species. In the range of climates present in New Zealand, biomass crop growth has less restriction due to water deficit or low winter temperature than in most world regions. Biomass production for energy use in New Zealand would be best utilised as transport fuel since 70\uffc2\uffa0% of the country\uffe2\uff80\uff99s electricity generation is already renewable, but nearly all of its transport fossil fuel is imported. There is a good economic development case for transport biofuel production using waste streams and biomass crops. This review identified the most suitable crop species and assessed their production potential for use within the climatic range present in New Zealand. Information from published work was used as a basis for selecting appropriate crops in a 2-year selection and evaluation process. Where there were knowledge gaps, the location-specific selections were further evaluated by field measurements. The data presented have superseded much of the speculative information on the suitability of species for the potential development of a biofuel industry in New Zealand.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "High dry mass yield", "LCA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Energy crops", "Perennials", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Land use change", "Bioenergy potential"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huub Kerckhoffs, Richard Renquist,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-05", "title": "Effects Of Stocking Rate On Methane And Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Grazing Cattle", "description": "Abstract Pastoral farming contributes significantly to total agricultural emissions of greenhouse gases, and stocking rate is the simplest grassland management decision. A study was conducted during the 2002 and 2003 grazing seasons on a semi-natural grassland in the French Massif Central in order to measure enteric methane (CH4) and total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Holstein-Friesian heifers (initial liveweight (LW) 455\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029 and 451\u00a0\u00b1\u00a028\u00a0kg in 2002 and 2003, respectively) managed at low (LSR) and high (HSR) stocking rates (1.1\u00a0LU\u00a0ha\u22121 versus 2.2\u00a0LU\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively) under a continuous grazing system. Measurements took place in late spring, mid summer, late summer and early autumn. Daily CH4 and CO2 emissions by individual heifers were measured during 7 consecutive days in each period using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. In both grazing seasons, the herbage in the LSR system had higher mass (HM) than in the HSR system, especially in mid and late summer. In both grazing seasons, herbages offered in the LSR system were of lower quality than those in the HSR system, and consequently feed organic matter (OM) digestibilities (OMD) and intakes (OMI) in the LSR system were lower (P\u00a0 \u00a00.05) in mean absolute CH4 emission (223\u00a0g\u00a0d\u22121 versus 242\u00a0g\u00a0d\u22121 and 203\u00a0g\u00a0d\u22121 versus 200\u00a0g\u00a0d\u22121 for LSR and HSR in the 2002 and 2003 seasons, respectively), but as the seasons progressed, CH4 emission per unit of digestible feed intake was higher (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "METHANE", "STOCKING RATE", "DIOXYDE DE CARBONE", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "CARBON DIOXIDE", "CATTLE", "15. Life on land", "environment", "SF6", "GREENHOUSE GASES"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C\u00e9cile Martin, C. S. Pinares-Pati\u00f1o, C. S. Pinares-Pati\u00f1o, J.-P. Jouany, P. D'hour,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-22", "title": "Global Warming Potential Of Agricultural Systems With Contrasting Tillage And Residue Management In The Central Highlands Of Mexico", "description": "Abstract Conservation agriculture based on (1) minimal soil movement, (2) retention of rational amounts of crop residue, (3) economically viable crop rotations restores soil fertility. Conservation agriculture improves soil characteristics, but it remains to be seen how zero tillage (ZT) affected greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and the global warming potential (GWP) compared to conventional tillage (CT) when crop residue was kept or removed in a maize-wheat crop rotation since 1991. The soil organic C content in the 0\u201360\u00a0cm layer was larger in ZT (117.7\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) compared to CT (76.8\u00a0Mg C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) when residue was retained, but similar when it was removed. Tillage and residue management had only a small effect on GWP of the GHG emissions. However, the C sequestered in the 0\u201360\u00a0cm was affected by tillage and crop residue management, resulting in a negative net GWP for ZT with crop residue retention (\u22126.277\u00a0Mg CO 2 \u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 ) whereas in the other management practices it ranged from 1.288 to 1.885\u00a0Mg CO 2 \u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0y \u22121 . It was found that cultivation technique had little effect on the GWP of the GHG, but had a large effect on C sequestered in the 0\u201360\u00a0cm layer and the net GWP.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "zero tillage", "ecology", "15. Life on land", "climate", "carbon sequestration", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-21", "title": "Water Erosion-Induced Co2 Emissions From Tilled And No-Tilled Soils And Sediments", "description": "Abstract The acceleration of soil erosion by water in most regions of the world in response to the anthropogenic modification of landscapes is a serious threat to natural ecosystem functionalities because of the loss of invaluable constituents such as soil particles and organic carbon (OC). While soil OC erosion is likely to be a major component of the global C cycle, water erosion-induced CO2 emissions remain uncertain. In this study, our main objective was to compare the release of CO2 from eroded topsoils and from the sediments exported by diffuse erosion during an entire rainy season. Conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) maize treatments were considered in an attempt to set up best management practices to mitigate gaseous OC losses from agricultural soils. The study was conducted in the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, whereas in many other areas of the developing world, erosion is severe and crop residue scarcity is the main challenge. CO2 emissions from undisturbed 0\u20130.02\u00a0m soil samples collected within 2.25\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u00a0m runoff plots and from exported sediments by water erosion, were evaluated continuously at the laboratory over a 140-day period and compared to soil OC stocks. NT significantly reduced CO2 emissions from both soils and sediments. Overall NT, which exhibited a greater carbon density than CT (17.70 vs 13.19\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0m\u22123), reduced soil gaseous emissions by 4.4% (10.40 vs 10.88\u00a0g\u00a0CO2-C\u00a0m\u22122, P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "Global warming", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "Africa", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-17", "title": "Correcting A Fundamental Error In Greenhouse Gas Accounting Related To Bioenergy", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0301-4215", "keywords": ["Bioenergy; Greenhouse gas emissions; Greenhouse gas accounting", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Greenhouse gas accounting", "02 engineering and technology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Viewpoint", "Energy(all)", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "11. Sustainability", "ddc:550", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "greenhouse gas; bioenergy; sustainable development", "Bioenergy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration. In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107941", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-27", "title": "Decreased greenhouse gas intensity of winter wheat production under plastic film mulching in semi-arid areas", "description": "Greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), the evaluation of GHG emissions per unit yield rather than per unit land area, has recently received much attention. Plastic film mulching (PFM) is one of the major agricultural practices in semi-arid areas, but few studies have synthetically studied the effects of PFM on GHGI, grain yield, soil characteristics, and their potential relationships at different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing stages. Here in the semi-arid Chinese Loess Plateau, we simultaneously investigated two cropping systems from 2018 to 2020: PFM with 100 % cover and no film mulching (control). Averaged across two growing seasons, the PFM treatment significantly increased soil temperature, water-filled pore spaces and soil water storage, while sustaining high aboveground biomass (31.9 %) and grain yield (45.5 %). The PFM treatment significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions by 56.2 %, CO2 emissions by 39.7 %, and CH4 uptake by 151.4 % compared to the control treatment. GHGI are on average 14.2 % lower in the PFM treatment than in the control treatment. Moreover, the PFM treatment significantly improved soil enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, catalase, invertase, and urease) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen from grain filling to maturity stage. Altogether, the reductions in GHGI suggest that PFM-induced increases in grain yield could outweigh the adverse impacts on GHG emissions, underscoring the potential to apply PFM for sustainable intensification of crop production in semi-arid areas.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Loess Plateau", "13. Climate action", "Global warming potential", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "Grain yield", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas intensity", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107941"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107941", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107941", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107941"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-25", "title": "Effect Of Tannin Levels In Sorghum Silage And Concentrate Supplementation On Apparent Digestibility And Methane Emission In Beef Cattle", "description": "Abstract This study evaluated the effect of diets containing sorghum silages with higher (HT) and lower-tannin (LT) concentrations supplemented with concentrate or urea on intake, digestibility, ruminal digestibility, methane emission and rumen parameters in beef cattle. Four treatments were distributed according to a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial arrangement in a duplicate 4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04 Latin square: LT sorghum silage\u00a0+\u00a0urea, LT sorghum silage\u00a0+\u00a0concentrate, HT sorghum silage\u00a0+\u00a0urea, and HT sorghum silage\u00a0+\u00a0concentrate. Total digestibility of the organic matter was higher when concentrate was included in the diet (0.749 and 0.753 in the LT and HT treatments, respectively). It was observed lower ruminal apparent digested matter of neutral detergent fiber in HT diets. There was no effect of tannin levels on digestibility and methane emission. The supplementation with concentrate in the LT diet decreased gas losses as a function of gross energy intake in comparison to the supplementation of the diet with urea. These results suggest the potential of concentrate supplementation to minimize energy loss as methane emission by ruminants and increase the efficiency of energy utilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "571", "13. Climate action", "ruminal fermentation", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nutritive value", "global greenhouse gases", "polyphenols"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Feed%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-07", "title": "Predicting the dynamics of enteric methane emissions based on intake kinetic patterns in dairy cows fed diets containing either wheat or corn", "description": "Open AccessInternational audience", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "600", "Ruminants", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Greenhouse gas", "[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation", "630", "Modelling", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies", "Precision livestock farming", "[INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation", "[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies", "Enteric fermentation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20-%20Open%20Space", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.anopes.2021.100003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-30", "title": "Ghg Emission Performance Of Various Liquid Transportation Biofuels In Finland In Accordance With The Eu Sustainability Criteria", "description": "The European Union (EU) has set a binding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target for transportation biofuels and other bioliquids. In this study, the GHG emissions of various biofuel chains considered as relevant in large-scale production in Finland were calculated in accordance with the EU sustainability criteria. Special attention was paid to uncertainties and the sensitivities of certain parameters. According to the results, it is impossible in many cases to unambiguously conclude whether or not a biofuel chain passes the emission-saving limit provided by the EU. This may reduce the willingness to invest in biofuel production. Major sources of uncertainties and sensitivities are nitrous oxide emissions from soil and nitrogen fertilisation, emissions of process heat production and soil carbon stock changes in biomass production. Several propositions are made in order to reduce the uncertainty of the results and to make the EU sustainability criteria for biofuels more harmonised and accurate", "keywords": ["330", "greenhouse gas emissions", "Ys", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "kest\u00e4vyyskriteerit", "ep\u00e4varmuus", "7. Clean energy", "biofuels", "12. Responsible consumption", "liikennebiopolttoaineet", "EU sustainability criteria", "kasvihuonekaasup\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6t", "uncertainly", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "sustainability criteria", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "transportation biofuels", "biopolttoaineet", "uncertainty", "ta218"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.041", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-28", "title": "How To Ensure Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions By Increasing The Use Of Biofuels? \u2013 Suitability Of The European Union Sustainability Criteria", "description": "Biofuels are promoted in many parts of the world. However, concern of environmental and social problems have grown due to increased production of biofuels. Therefore, many initiatives for sustainability criteria have been announced. As a part of the European Union (EU) renewable energy promotion directive (RED), the EU has introduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-saving requirements for biofuels along with the first-ever mandate methodology to calculate the GHG emission reduction. As explored in this paper, the RED methodology, based on life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach, excludes many critical issues. These include indirect impacts due to competition for land, biomass and other auxiliary inputs. Also, timing issues, allocation problems, and uncertainty of individual parameters are not yet considered adequately. Moreover, the default values provided in the RED for the GHG balances of biofuels may significantly underestimate their actual impacts. We conclude that the RED methodology cannot ensure the intended GHG emission reductions of biofuels. Instead, a more comprehensive approach is required along with additional data and indicators. Even if it may be very difficult to verify the GHG emission reductions of biofuels in practice, it is necessary to consider the uncertainties more closely, in order to mitigate climate change effectively.", "keywords": ["life-cycle assessment", "criteria", "02 engineering and technology", "sustainability", "16. Peace & justice", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "greenhouse gas emission", "Biofuel", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "and Infrastructure", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Innovation", "SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production", "SDG 9 - Industry", "ta218", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Koponen, Kati, Soimakallio, Sampo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.041"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.041", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.041", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.04.041"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-28", "title": "Straw Enhanced Co2 And Ch4 But Decreased N2o Emissions From Flooded Paddy Soils: Changes In Microbial Community Compositions", "description": "To explore microbial mechanisms of straw-induced changes in CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from paddy field, wheat straw was amended to two paddy soils from Taizhou (TZ) and Yixing (YX), China for 60\u00a0d under flooded condition. Illumia sequencing was used to characterize shift in bacterial community compositions. Compared to control, 1\u20135% straw amendment significantly elevated CO2 and CH4 emissions with higher increase at higher application rates, mainly due to increased soil DOC concentrations. In contrast, straw amendment decreased N2O emission. Considering CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions as a whole, an overall increase in global warming potential was observed with straw amendment. Total CO2 and CH4 emissions from straw-amended soils were significantly higher for YX than TZ soil, suggesting that straw-induced greenhouse gas emissions depended on soil characteristics. The abundance of C-turnover bacteria Firmicutes increased from 28\u201341% to 54\u201377% with straw amendment, thereby increasing CO2 and CH4 emissions. However, straw amendment reduced the abundance of denitrifying bacteria Proteobacteria from 18% to 7.2\u201313% or increased the abundance of N2O reducing bacteria Clostridium from 7.6\u201311% to 13\u201330%, thereby decreasing N2O emission. The results suggested straw amendment strongly influenced greenhouse gas emissions via alerting soil properties and bacterial community compositions. Future field application is needed to ascertain the effects of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Straw return", "Paddy soil", "Microbial community compositions", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.054"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.124", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-03", "title": "Comparing Environmental Consequences Of Anaerobic Mono- And Co-Digestion Of Pig Manure To Produce Bio-Energy - A Life Cycle Perspective", "description": "The aim of this work was to assess the environmental consequences of anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of pig manure to produce bio-energy, from a life cycle perspective. This included assessing environmental impacts and land use change emissions (LUC) required to replace used co-substrates for anaerobic digestion. Environmental impact categories considered were climate change, terrestrial acidification, marine and freshwater eutrophication, particulate matter formation, land use, and fossil fuel depletion. Six scenarios were evaluated: mono-digestion of manure, co-digestion with: maize silage, maize silage and glycerin, beet tails, wheat yeast concentrate (WYC), and roadside grass. Mono-digestion reduced most impacts, but represented a limited source for bio-energy. Co-digestion with maize silage, beet tails, and WYC (competing with animal feed), and glycerin increased bio-energy production (up to 568%), but at expense of increasing climate change (through LUC), marine eutrophication, and land use. Co-digestion with wastes or residues like roadside grass gave the best environmental performance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Swine", "emissions", "indirect land use change", "02 engineering and technology", "bioenergy", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "pig slurry", "renewable energy", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "Consequential LCA", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Manure", "Bacteria", " Anaerobic", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "systems", "Animals", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.124"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bioresource%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.124", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.124", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.124"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-18", "title": "High rate continuous biohydrogen production by hyperthermophilic Thermotoga neapolitana", "description": "This study focused on continuous-flow hydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) decreasing from 24 to 5\u202fh. At each HRT reduction, the hydrogen yield (HY) immediately dropped, but recovered during prolonged cultivation at constant HRT. The final HY in each operating period decreased from 3.4 (\u00b10.1) to 2.0 (\u00b10.0) mol H2/mol glucose when reducing the HRT from 24 to 7\u202fh. Simultaneously, the hydrogen production rate (HPR) and the liquid phase hydrogen concentration (H2aq) increased from 82 (\u00b11) to 192 (\u00b14) mL/L/h and from 9.1 (\u00b10.3) to 15.6 (\u00b10.7) mL/L, respectively. Additionally, the effluent glucose concentration increased from 2.1 (\u00b10.1) to above 10\u202fmM. Recirculating H2-rich biogas prevented the supersaturation of H2aq reaching a value of 9.3 (\u00b10.7) mL/L, resulting in complete glucose consumption and the highest HPR of 277\u202fmL/L/h at an HRT of 5\u202fh.", "keywords": ["0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Acetic acid", "Archaea", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Continuous-flow dark fermentation", "Thermotoga neapolitana", "Acetic acid; Continuous-flow dark fermentation; Gas recirculation; Hydraulic retention time; Hydrogen; Thermotoga neapolitana", "Bioreactors", "Glucose", "Fermentation", "Gas recirculation", "Hydraulic retention time", "Hydrogen", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/758593/1/Post-print%20for%20IRIS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bioresource%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-24", "title": "Influence of soil conditions on the multidimensional spread of smouldering combustion in shallow layers", "description": "Abstract Smouldering peatland fires are capable of burning vast amounts of organic soils, resulting in the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as well as a significant deterioration of air quality causing in major regional crises known as haze events. Fundamental understanding of smouldering fire spread is essential for the development of mitigating technologies. In this paper, we have systematically conducted 63 experiments studying the individual and combined influence of two key factors affecting multidimensional smouldering spread in organic soils: moisture content (MC) and inorganic content (IC). Both lateral and in-depth smouldering spread were investigated using a novel shallow reactor. This shallow depth allows a greater number of experiments to be performed in a short period of time compared to deeper samples. Lateral spread was found to decrease linearly with moisture content (R2 > 90%); while in-depth spread rate increased linearly up to 300% from moisture content of 0% to 140%. Increased inorganic content linearly decreased the lateral spread rate but had little influence on in-depth spread in drier samples. Interestingly, in wetter samples, in-depth spread was in fact sensitive to inorganic content. A novel approach combining lateral and in-depth spread rates as vector components, revealed that the global spread is independent of moisture content, with an average spread rate of 8.7 and 8.4\u00a0cm/h for 2.5 and 40% IC, with changes in direction according to moisture content; going in-depth for wet soils, and laterally for dry soils. Similarly, increasing the IC encouraged downward spread for wet samples. We also report observations of a bifurcation of lateral spread, where spread would locally extinguish where the in-depth spread was greater than the lateral spread. These findings provide previously unknown insight into the relationship between lateral and in-depth spread in smouldering fires, ultimately improving the fundamental understanding of such fires.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Engineering", " Multidisciplinary", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Chemical", "02 engineering and technology", "Wildfire", "MOISTURE", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "0201 civil engineering", "Engineering", "Smouldering", "Heat transfer", "Biomass", "PEAT FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Energy", "CONSUMPTION", "15. Life on land", "Mechanical", "Fire", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "IGNITION", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "Thermodynamics", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christensen, EG, Fernandez-Anez, N, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Combustion%20and%20Flame", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-11", "title": "Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes In Tropical Mangrove Forests And In Land Uses On Deforested Mangrove Lands", "description": "Mangrove forests are important carbon sinks in the tropics, yet tropical mangrove deforestation and land use conversion still persists. Reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources in wetlands are important in regional and national emissions inventories. However, very few studies have been conducted to measure on the GHG fluxes in coastal wetlands, particularly in mangrove forest and non-forest land uses in deforested mangroves. We investigated the soil fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in mangrove forest and non-forest land uses on deforested mangrove areas (i.e. abandoned aquaculture ponds, coconut plantations, abandoned salt ponds, and cleared mangroves) in the coasts of Honda Bay, Philippines. Results showed that the emissions of CO2 and CH4 were higher by 2.6 and 6.6 times in mangrove forests (110 and 0.6 kg CO2e ha \u2212 1 day \u2212 1, respectively) while N2O emissions were lower by 34 times compared to the average of non-forest land uses (1.3 kg CO2e ha \u2212 1 day \u2212 1). CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 0.59% and 0.04% of the total emissions in mangrove forest as compared to 0.23% and 3.07% for non-forest land uses, respectively. Site-scale soil GHG flux distribution could be mapped with 75% to 83% accuracy using Ordinary Kriging. Unlike mangroves that can offset all GHG emissions through CO2 uptake from photosynthesis, the non-forest land uses cannot offset their emissions on-site as they are usually devoid of vegetation. Our results could be utilised in higher tier national GHG inventories, to refine regional and global estimates of GHG emissions in mangrove wetlands, and improve policy on coastal wetlands conservation.", "keywords": ["coastal wetlands", "580", "soil greenhouse gas fluxes", "570", "Philippines", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "non-forest land uses in deforested mangrove lands", "11. Sustainability", "geostatistics", "14. Life underwater", "mangrove forest", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2017.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.dib.2024.111226", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-11", "title": "A harmonized dataset relating alternative farmer management practices to crop yield, soil organic carbon stock, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrate leaching generated using IPCC methodologies and meta-analyses", "description": "Farming practices such as soil tillage, organic/mineral fertilization, irrigation, crop selection and residues management influence multiple ecosystem services provided by agricultural systems. These practices exhibit complex, non-linear interrelationships that affect crop productivity, water quality, and non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, possibly offsetting their benefits regarding soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Current methodologies from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for assessing the impacts of alternative farming practices on GHG emissions rely on global or country-specific coefficients. However, these methods often do not explicitly account for the combined effects of management practices on carbon and nitrogen cycles or productivity, as this is not required for national GHG inventories. Here we present a new dataset featuring 1.8 Mln of agronomic case scenarios, i.e., unique combinations of farming practices and pedoclimatic conditions, which have been associated with values of SOC changes, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate-nitrogen leaching, and crop yield. To synthesize trade-offs and synergies between farming practices, each case scenario has been ranked with a \u2211ommit index (\u2211i) value, a fuzzy-based measure ranging from 0 (bad) to 1 (good). The four trade-off components have been estimated by combining available information from i) the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, ii) the guidelines for Green Water Footprint Accounting, iii) the Italian National Institute of Statistics, iv) and other international meta-analytic studies. The dataset presents four \u2211i series, corresponding to alternative perceptions of sustainability from three potential stakeholder categories (young farmers\u2019 cooperative, agrochemical company, public agricultural policy agency) plus one equally weighted option. By providing a harmonized data source and an innovative metric, this dataset allows users to explore trade-offs associated with alternative management practices across four key agricultural components and assess their impact on perceived agroecosystem sustainability.", "keywords": ["Soil management", "Crop choice", "Q1-390", "Science (General)", "Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics", "Farming sustainability", "R858-859.7", "Organic matter inputs", "Greenhouse gases emissions", "Data Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111226"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Data%20in%20Brief", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.dib.2024.111226", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.dib.2024.111226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-17", "title": "Methane, Carbon Dioxide And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From A Temperate Salt Marsh: Grazing Management Does Not Alter Global Warming Potential", "description": "Soil greenhouse gas emissions from cattle grazed and un-grazed temperate upper salt marsh were measured using dark static chambers, monthly for one year. Below-ground gas sampling tubes were also used to measure soil methane (CH4) concentrations. CH4 efflux from grazed and un-grazed salt marsh did not differ significantly although grazing did lead to \u2018hotspots\u2019 of underground CH4 (up to 6% of total air volume) and CH4 efflux (peak of 9 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) significantly linked to high soil moisture content, low soil temperatures and the presence of Juncus gerardii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux was greater from the un-grazed marsh (mean of 420 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) than the grazed marsh (mean of 333 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) throughout most of the year and was positively correlated with the deeper water table and greater soil temperatures. Grazing was not a significant predictor of nitrous oxide (N2O) soil emissions. Global Warming Potential (GWP; over 100 years), calculated from mean yearly chamber fluxes for CH4 and CO2, did not differ significantly with grazing treatment. Seasonal variation in the key drivers of soil greenhouse gas efflux; soil temperature, moisture and water table, plus the presence or absence of aerenchymatous plants such as J. gerardii were more important to the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions than grazing management per se.", "keywords": ["chamber flux measurements", "salt marshes", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "Ribble estuary", "livestock grazing", "UK", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-07", "title": "Fluxes Of N2o, Ch4 And Co2 In A Meadow Ecosystem Exposed To Elevated Ozone And Carbon Dioxide For Three Years", "description": "Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to evaluate the effects of moderately elevated O3 (40-50 ppb) and CO2 (+100 ppm) and their combination on N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from ground-planted meadow mesocosms. Bimonthly measurements in 2002-2004 showed that the daily fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 reacted mainly to elevated O3, while the fluxes of CO2 also responded to elevated CO2. However, the fluxes did not show any marked response when elevated O3 and CO2 were combined. N2O and CO2 emissions were best explained by soil water content and air and soil temperatures, and they were not clearly associated with potential nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that the increasing O3 and/or CO2 concentrations may affect the N2O, CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soil, but longer study periods are needed to verify the actual consequences of climate change for greenhouse gas emissions.", "keywords": ["hiilidioksidi", "570", "Climate", "elevated carbon dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "elevated ozone", "Poaceae", "metaani", "01 natural sciences", "niityt", "open-top chambers", "kohotettu otsonipitoisuus", "typen oksidit", "Magnoliopsida", "Oxidants", " Photochemical", "Ozone", "greenhouse gases", "Soil Pollutants", "otsoni", "Weather", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Air Pollutants", "Fabaceae", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "004", "kasvihuonekaasut", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "avoin kammio", "Environmental Pollutants", "Ka", "Seasons", "kohotettu hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Methane", "meadows"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-23", "title": "Haze emissions from smouldering peat: The roles of inorganic content and bulk density", "description": "Abstract Smouldering peat fires are reported across continents and their emissions result in regional haze crisis (large scale accumulation of smoke at low altitudes) and large carbon foot prints. Inorganic content (IC) and bulk density vary naturally in peatlands and are among the important parameters governing peat fires. However, their roles in fire emissions remain unknown. In this work, bench-scale burning of sphagnum peat conditioned to different values of IC and bulk densities were conducted in the laboratory environment. Mass loss rate, spread rate and transient emissions of 20 gas species and particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) were simultaneously investigated. We found that peat with 50% moisture content can self-sustain smouldering propagation if IC is less than 40%, or its bulk density is lower than 287.5\u202fkg\u202fm\u22123. Increasing IC or bulk density decreases peat mass loss rate and spread rate. High IC peat releases lower gas fluxes (especially for CH4 and NH3) throughout the experiment. In the ignition stage, increasing IC leads to an increase in particles with diameter between 1 and 2.5\u202f\u03bcm; in the fire spread stage, IC has no influence on the particle fluxes. In contrast, increasing bulk density delays both gas and particle emission fluxes without altering the smoke composition significantly. The fundamental understanding of how soil properties affect peat wildfires facilitates the development of mitigation technologies against haze.", "keywords": ["SHALLOW", "Technology", "Engineering", " Civil", "550", "Inorganic content", "Materials Science", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "02 engineering and technology", "Pollutant", "MOISTURE", "Civil Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMBUSTION", "Engineering", "0204 chemical engineering", "FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Civil", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Bulk density", "IGNITION", "0911 Maritime Engineering", "13. Climate action", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "SPREAD", "Biomass combustion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-28T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-19", "title": "Effect Of Tree Species On Carbon Stocks In Forest Floor And Mineral Soil And Implications For Soil Carbon Inventories", "description": "Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) and forest floor carbon (FFC) stocks are highly variable. The sampling effort required to assess SOC and FFC stocks is therefore large, resulting in limited sampling and poor estimates of the size, spatial distribution, and changes in SOC and FFC stocks in many countries. Forest SOC and FFC stocks are influenced by tree species. Therefore, quantification of the effect of tree species on carbon stocks combined with spatial information on tree species distribution could improve insight into the spatial distribution of forest carbon stocks. We present a study on the effect of tree species on FFC and SOC stock for a forest in the Netherlands and evaluate how this information could be used for inventory improvement. We assessed FFC and SOC stocks in stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and larch (Larix kaempferi). FFC and SOC stocks differed between a number of species. FFC stocks varied between 11.1 Mg C ha-1 (beech) and 29.6 Mg C ha-1 (larch). SOC stocks varied between 53.3 Mg C ha-1 (beech) and 97.1 Mg C ha-1 (larch). At managed locations, carbon stocks were lower than at unmanaged locations. The Dutch carbon inventory currently overestimates FFC stocks. Differences in carbon stocks between conifer and broadleaf forests were significant enough to consider them relevant for the Dutch system for carbon inventory.
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Biochar addition to soil has also been reported to alter soil microbial community structure, and to both stimulate and retard the decomposition of native soil organic matter (SOM). We conducted a short-term incubation experiment using two (13)C-labelled biochars produced from wheat or eucalypt shoots, which were incorporated in an aridic arenosol to examine the fate of the labile fraction of biochar-C through the microbial community. This was achieved using compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). A proportion of the biologically-available fraction of both biochars was rapidly (within three days) utilised by gram positive bacteria. There was a sharp peak in CO2 evolution shortly after biochar addition, resulting from rapid turnover of labile C components in biochars and through positive priming of native SOM. Our results demonstrate that this CO2 evolution was at least partially microbially mediated, and that biochar application to soil can cause significant and rapid changes in the soil microbial community; likely due to addition of labile C and increases in soil pH.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Carbon Sequestration", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "550", "short term", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "growth", "black carbon", "Char", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Mass Spectrometry", "c 13 plfa", "Black carbon", "soil organic matter", "Soil Pollutants", "mineralization", "Organic carbon", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "char", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "decomposition", "wheat straw", "biomass", "organic carbon", "Fatty Acids", "Western Australia", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. 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