{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-17", "title": "Crop yield after 5\u00a0decades of contrasting residue management", "description": "Abstract

The benefits of soil organic input on crop yields have long been discussed, yet details of their relationship remain controversial. This study considers the effects of different residue management on crop performance as assessed by yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89added poultry manure), combined with five levels of N application, were studied in a long-term experiment starting in 1966. Crop residue incorporation improved maize yield by 12% (nutritional effect) and sugar beet yield by 16% (non-nutritional), and the combination of crop residue incorporation with added poultry manure increased both winter wheat and sugar beet yields by 8% (nutritional effect). The NUE values of mineral fertiliser were almost three-fold those of residues and the combination of residue with poultry manure, except in sugar beet and maize, where NUE of mineral fertilizer approached those observed for residues (0.44 vs 0.45, on average). In wheat, NUE for residue incorporation with added poultry manure was nearly double the NUE for residues alone. Residue management effects depended on crop type; spring-sown crops showing stronger effects than those sown in autumn. Residues primarily produced a nutritional effect, suggesting that they decomposed within 1\uffc2\uffa0year. While residue use offers little potential for soil improvement, it does reduce the need for fertilisers.Management practices can have significant implications for both soil quality and carbon (C) sequestration potential in agricultural soils. Data from two long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trials (one at field scale and the other at lysimeter scale), underway in north\uffe2\uff80\uff90eastern Italy, were used to evaluate the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and estimate the impact of recommended management practices (RMPs) on soil carbon sequestration. Potential SOC sequestration was calculated as the differences between the change in SOC of treatments differing only for the specified RMP for a period of at least 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83years. The trials compared the following situations: (a) improved crop rotations versus monoculture; (b) grass versus improved crop rotations; (c) residue incorporation versus residue removal; (d) high versus low rates of inorganic fertilizers; (e) integrated nutrient management/organic manures versus inorganic fertilizers. At the lysimeter scale, some of these treatments were evaluated in different soils. A general decrease in SOC (1.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was observed after the introduction of intensive soil tillage, evidencing both the worsening of soil quality and the contribution towards global CO2emissions. Initial SOC content was maintained only in permanent grassland, complex rotations and/or with the use of large quantities of livestock manure. SOC sequestration reached a maximum rate of 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921comparing permanent grassland with an improved crop rotation. Crop residue incorporation and rates of inorganic fertilizer had less effect on SOC sequestration (0.10 and 0.038\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). The lysimeter experiment highlighted also the interaction between RMPs and soil type. Peaty soil tended to be a source of C independent of the amount and quality of C input, whereas a proper choice of tillage practices and organic manures enhanced SOC sequestration in a sandy soil. The most promising RMPs in the Veneto region are, therefore, conversion to grassland and use of organic manures. Although some of these RMPs are already supported by the Veneto Region Rural Development Plan, their more intensive and widespread implementation requires additional incentives to become economically feasible.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "long-term", "Italy", "Soil carbon; carbon sequestration; Long-term experiment; soil management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "carbon sequestration", "management", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00006.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00006.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00006.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00006.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-08", "title": "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Effects on Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Production Under Varying Fertilizer Inputs", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a vital role to enhance agricultural productivity and for mitigation of climate change. To quantify SOC effects on productivity, process models serve as a robust tool to keep track of multiple plant and soil factors and their interactions affecting SOC dynamics. We used soil-plant-atmospheric model viz. DAISY, to assess effects of SOC on nitrogen (N) supply and plant available water (PAW) under varying N fertilizer rates in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Denmark. The study objective was assessment of SOC effects on winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass accumulation at three SOC levels (low: 0.7% SOC; reference: 1.3% SOC; and high: 2% SOC) with five nitrogen rates (0-200 kg N ha-1) and PAW at low, reference, and high SOC levels. The three SOC levels had significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation at only 0-100 kg N ha-1 and the SOC effects decreased with increasing N rates until no effects at 150-200 kg N ha-1. PAW had significant positive correlation with SOC content, with high SOC retaining higher PAW compared to low and reference SOC. The mean PAW and SOC correlation was given by PAW% = 1.0073 \u00d7 SOC% + 15.641. For the 0.7-2% SOC range, the PAW increase was small with no significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation. The higher winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass was attributed to higher N supply in N deficient wheat production system. Our study suggested that building SOC enhances agronomic productivity at only 0-100 kg N ha-1. Maintenance of SOC stock will require regular replenishment of SOC, to compensate for the mineralization process degrading SOC over time. Hence, management can maximize realization of SOC benefits by building up SOC and maintaining N rates in the range 0-100 kg N ha-1, to reduce the off-farm N losses depending on the environmental zones, land use and the production system.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Crop productivity; DAISY model; Grain yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen; Pedotransfer functions; Plant available water;", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "DAISY model", "pedotransfer functions", "Plant Science", "nitrogen", "SB1-1110", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "Long-term experiment", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Grain yield", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "289694", "crop productivity", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "020", "Pedotransfer functions", "0303 health sciences", "grain yield", "Plant culture", "15. Life on land", "plant available water", "13. Climate action", "Crop productivity", "Plant available water", "SMARTSOIL", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1138671/1/Ghaley%20et%20al%202018_Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01158"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01158", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2018.01158"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/cjss2013-094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-20", "title": "Soil organic carbon and land use: Processes and potential in Ontario's long-term agro-ecosystem research sites", "description": "

Congreves, K. A., Smith, J. M., N\uffc3\uffa9meth, D. D., Hooker, D. C. and Van Eerd, L. L. 2014. Soil organic carbon and land use: Processes and potential in Ontario\uffe2\uff80\uff99s long-term agro-ecosystem research sites. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 317\uffe2\uff80\uff93336. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining a productive agro-ecosystem. Long-term research must be synthesized to understand the effects of land management on SOC storage and to develop best practices to prevent soil degradation. Therefore, this review compiled an inventory of long-term Ontario studies and assessed SOC storage under common Ontario land management regimes via a meta-analysis and literature review. In general, greater SOC storage occurred in no-till (NT) vs. tillage systems, in crop rotation vs. continuous corn, and in N fertilizer vs. no N fertilizer systems; however, soil texture and perhaps drainage class may determine the effects of tillage. The effect on SOC storage was variable when deeper soil depth ranges (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9345 cm) were considered for NT and rotational cropping, which suggests an unpredictable effect of land management on SOC at depths below the plough layer. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to use the presented inventory of nine long-term research sites and 18 active experiments in Ontario to pursue coordinated studies of long-term land management on SOC at depths extending below the plough layer.

", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "crop rotation", "inventory of long-term experiments", "no-tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrogen fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-094"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/cjss2013-094", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/cjss2013-094", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/cjss2013-094"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils", "description": "

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management - including soil amendments - can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost-effective parameters to assess  the influence of management practices on SOM. The current study aimed at understanding how sensitive the parameters active/permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.</p><p>Data were obtained in five Austrian long-term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: i) tillage, ii) compost application, iii) crop residue management, and iv) mineral fertilisation.</p><p>AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the top soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short-term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE. Thus, we suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural LTEs and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results of long-term carbon storage, their sensitivity towards annual fluctuations should be taken into account.</p>

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "agricultural long-term experiments", "N-MINERALIZATION", "climate change mitigation", "", "agricultural long-term experiments", "", "climate change mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "soil organic matter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "106026 Ecosystem research", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "early parameters of change", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "CROP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PERMANGANATE-OXIDIZABLE CARBON", "6. Clean water", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "RESIDUE MANAGEMENT", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.202100130"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5811"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:22:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-27", "title": "Agricultural management affects active carbon and nitrogen mineralisation potential in soils", "description": "

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) is important for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Agricultural management - including soil amendments - can improve soil fertility and contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilising carbon in soils. This calls for cost-effective parameters to assess  the influence of management practices on SOM. The current study aimed at understanding how sensitive the parameters active/permanganate oxidisable carbon (AC) and nitrogen mineralisation potential (NMP) react to different agricultural management practices compared to total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). We aimed to gain a better understanding of SOM processes, mainly regarding depth distribution and seasonality of SOM dynamics using AC and NMP.</p><p>Data were obtained in five Austrian long-term field experiments (LTEs) testing four management practices: i) tillage, ii) compost application, iii) crop residue management, and iv) mineral fertilisation.</p><p>AC was specifically sensitive in detecting the effect of tillage treatment at different soil depths. NMP differentiated between all different tillage treatments in the top soil layer, it showed the temporal dynamics between the years in the compost LTE, and it was identified as an early detection property in the crop residue LTE. Both AC and NMP detected short-term fluctuations better than TOC and Nt over the course of two years in the crop residue LTE. Thus, we suggest that AC and NMP are two valuable soil biochemical parameters providing more detailed information on C and N dynamics regarding depth distribution and seasonal dynamics and react more sensitively to different agricultural management practices compared to TOC and Nt. They should be integrated in monitoring agricultural LTEs and in field analyses conducted by farmers. However, when evaluating results of long-term carbon storage, their sensitivity towards annual fluctuations should be taken into account.</p>

", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "agricultural long-term experiments", "N-MINERALIZATION", "climate change mitigation", "", "agricultural long-term experiments", "", "climate change mitigation", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "soil organic matter", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "ENZYME-ACTIVITIES", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "106026 Ecosystem research", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "early parameters of change", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "CROP", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PERMANGANATE-OXIDIZABLE CARBON", "6. Clean water", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "RESIDUE MANAGEMENT", "FRACTIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jpln.202100130"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13791160"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Nutrition%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13791160", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13791160"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/10968", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:25:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-08", "title": "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Effects on Long-Term Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Production Under Varying Fertilizer Inputs", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a vital role to enhance agricultural productivity and for mitigation of climate change. To quantify SOC effects on productivity, process models serve as a robust tool to keep track of multiple plant and soil factors and their interactions affecting SOC dynamics. We used soil-plant-atmospheric model viz. DAISY, to assess effects of SOC on nitrogen (N) supply and plant available water (PAW) under varying N fertilizer rates in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Denmark. The study objective was assessment of SOC effects on winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass accumulation at three SOC levels (low: 0.7% SOC; reference: 1.3% SOC; and high: 2% SOC) with five nitrogen rates (0-200 kg N ha-1) and PAW at low, reference, and high SOC levels. The three SOC levels had significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation at only 0-100 kg N ha-1 and the SOC effects decreased with increasing N rates until no effects at 150-200 kg N ha-1. PAW had significant positive correlation with SOC content, with high SOC retaining higher PAW compared to low and reference SOC. The mean PAW and SOC correlation was given by PAW% = 1.0073 \u00d7 SOC% + 15.641. For the 0.7-2% SOC range, the PAW increase was small with no significant effects on grain yields and aboveground biomass accumulation. The higher winter wheat grain and aboveground biomass was attributed to higher N supply in N deficient wheat production system. Our study suggested that building SOC enhances agronomic productivity at only 0-100 kg N ha-1. Maintenance of SOC stock will require regular replenishment of SOC, to compensate for the mineralization process degrading SOC over time. Hence, management can maximize realization of SOC benefits by building up SOC and maintaining N rates in the range 0-100 kg N ha-1, to reduce the off-farm N losses depending on the environmental zones, land use and the production system.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Crop productivity; DAISY model; Grain yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen; Pedotransfer functions; Plant available water;", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "DAISY model", "pedotransfer functions", "Plant Science", "nitrogen", "SB1-1110", "QH301", "03 medical and health sciences", "Long-term experiment", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Grain yield", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "European Commission", "289694", "crop productivity", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "020", "Pedotransfer functions", "0303 health sciences", "grain yield", "Plant culture", "15. Life on land", "plant available water", "13. Climate action", "Crop productivity", "Plant available water", "SMARTSOIL", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1138671/1/Ghaley%20et%20al%202018_Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/10968"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/10968", "name": "item", "description": "2164/10968", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/10968"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3341943", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-17", "title": "Crop yield after 5\u00a0decades of contrasting residue management", "description": "Abstract

The benefits of soil organic input on crop yields have long been discussed, yet details of their relationship remain controversial. This study considers the effects of different residue management on crop performance as assessed by yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89added poultry manure), combined with five levels of N application, were studied in a long-term experiment starting in 1966. Crop residue incorporation improved maize yield by 12% (nutritional effect) and sugar beet yield by 16% (non-nutritional), and the combination of crop residue incorporation with added poultry manure increased both winter wheat and sugar beet yields by 8% (nutritional effect). The NUE values of mineral fertiliser were almost three-fold those of residues and the combination of residue with poultry manure, except in sugar beet and maize, where NUE of mineral fertilizer approached those observed for residues (0.44 vs 0.45, on average). In wheat, NUE for residue incorporation with added poultry manure was nearly double the NUE for residues alone. Residue management effects depended on crop type; spring-sown crops showing stronger effects than those sown in autumn. Residues primarily produced a nutritional effect, suggesting that they decomposed within 1\uffc2\uffa0year. While residue use offers little potential for soil improvement, it does reduce the need for fertilisers.