{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-17", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Claypan Soils Due To Nitrogen Fertilizer Source And Tillage/Fertilizer Placement Practices", "description": "

Poorly drained soils can potentially have large amounts of applied fertilizer N lost through denitrification which can be a major contributor to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. These soil N2O emissions due to agricultural practices are significant because they contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of tillage/fertilizer placement (i.e., no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/surface broadcast and strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/deep banded) and N fertilizer source [i.e., non\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (NCU), polymer\uffe2\uff80\uff90coated urea (PCU), nontreated control] on soil N2O emissions from corn (Zea mays L.) production over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons in a poorly drained claypan soil in Northeast Missouri. Averaged over 2009 and 2010, no significant differences were observed in cumulative soil N2O emissions, between treatment plots with NCU (5.21 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and PCU (5.48 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Soil N2O losses represented between 2.8 and 3.0% of annual fertilizer N applied, respectively. Strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/deep banded N placement emitted 28% less N2O (0.2 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N) per Mg grain produced (P = 0.0284) compared to that of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till/surface broadcasted N. Impacts of alternative management practices on soil N2O losses may also need to consider changes in agricultural production to allow producers to decide which practices are best suited to balance their production and environmental goals.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Patrick R. Nash, Kelly A. Nelson, Peter P. Motavalli,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0296"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2011.0296", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2011.0296"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "description": "

Alpine grassland and the soil on which it is growing in the Qinghai\uffe2\uff80\uff90Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China is being degraded in an attempt to increase food and feed production for an increasing global population. Our objective was to use soil quality assessment to quantify changes in soil chemical and physical properties at three depth increments (0 to 4, 4 to 10, and 10 to 20 cm) and thus determine the linkages between soil and vegetation changes, the soil element(s) limiting grassland restoration in alpine region, and the ability to restore soil fertility by reestablishing grasslands. The soil and vegetation were sampled in the different types of degraded grasslands, that is, moderately degraded grassland (MDG), heavily degraded grassland (HDG) and severely degraded grassland (SDG) as well as in the reestablished grasslands at different ages, that is, 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (5yRG), 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (7yRG), and 9\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr restored grassland (9yRG) for comparative study. The results show: (i) decreased water holding capacity and increased soil hardness as vegetative cover declined, (ii) decreased soil organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) and increased total soil potassium, (TK) (iii) the establishment of artificial grassland did not restore soil quality or nutrient stocks within degraded grassland soils, and (iv) yearly variations in soil properties at different depths were significant along the degree of grassland degradation. Significant variations of soil physical and chemical parameters might be attributed to loss of the top soil and changes of vegetation composition and soil and textures. Soil quality can be used to assess grassland degradation and restoration in the alpine region. In conclusion, better soil management is needed for restoring the degraded alpine grasslands on the QTP.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "X. X. Wang, L. Wen, Shikui Dong, Yuanyuan Li, Lixing Zhu, Xianglan Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "description": "

The inclusion of winter annual cereal cover crops (WCC) in grain crop rotations is a common management practice promoted to protect soil resources and enhance water quality. However, the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incorporation of WCC into no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till grain crop rotations on soil physical properties are not well established. We evaluated the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of WCC on soil physical properties after 13 yr of use at three locations in Maryland, USA. Continuous maize (Zea maysL.) was the summer grain crop. In the control treatment, maize was followed by winter fallow and in the WCC treatment, cereal rye (Secale cerealL.) was planted as a WCC in the off\uffe2\uff80\uff90season. We examined aggregate stability, total and labile organic matter, soil bulk density (BD), air permeability (AP), water infiltration rate (WIR), and hydraulic conductivity (HC), during the growing and off\uffe2\uff80\uff90season. Aggregate stability increased under the WCC treatment but there were no increases in total organic matter and labile organic matter. Only during the winter sampling season at the two Coastal Plain locations, soils under WCC displayed improved soil physical properties in comparison with the same soils under winter fallow. The heavier\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils at the Piedmont location exhibited no consistent differences attributable to WCC.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert L. Hill, F. J. Coale, Meredith K. Steele,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-04", "title": "Relationships Among Water Stable Aggregates And Organic Matter Fractions Under Conservation Management", "description": "

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil aggregation, yet the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate relationships among field\uffe2\uff80\uff90moist and air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried macroaggregate stability (WSAFM and WSAAD, respectively), cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C from whole soil and the particulate, adsorbed and occluded (PAO) fraction, and associated soil properties, (ii) compare properties of the PAO fraction to those of whole soil, and (iii) evaluate the effects of conservation management practices, including grass vegetative filter strips (VFS), agroforestry VFS, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, plus landscape positions on these variables. Soil samples were collected in 2007 from an agroecosystem established on claypan soils located in Missouri. This study found that cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C and aggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic C were more highly correlated with WSAAD (r \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 0.74) than SOC, suggesting that these organic C fractions may play an important role in aggregate stability. In addition, less degraded water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (as indicated by a greater C/N ratio) was preferentially concentrated in the PAO fraction (C/N = 10.6) relative to whole soil (C/N = 4.2). Further, macroaggregation and accumulation of less degraded organic C (in solid and water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extracts) was enhanced under grass VFS and agroforestry VFS relative to no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till. Overall, this study found that macroaggregate stability, cold water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C, and the PAO fraction served as effective early indicators of soil C change in the soil studied.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peter P. Motavalli, Keith W. Goyne, Robert J. Kremer, Kristen S. Veum,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0089"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0089", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0089"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-21", "title": "A Decision Support Model for Assessing the Water Regulation and Purification Potential of Agricultural Soils Across Europe", "description": "Water regulation and purification (WR) function is defined as \u201cthe capacity of the soil to remove harmful compounds and the capacity of the soil to receive, store and conduct water for subsequent use and to prevent droughts, flooding and erosion.\u201d It is a crucial function that society expects agricultural soils to deliver, contributing to quality water supply for human needs and in particular for ensuring food security. The complexity of processes involved and the intricate tradeoff with other necessary soil functions requires decision support tools for best management of WR function. However, the effects of farm and soil management practices on the delivery of the WR function has not been fully addressed by decision support tools for farmers. This work aimed to develop a decision support model for the management of the WR function performed by agricultural soils. The specific objectives of this paper were (i) to construct a qualitative decision support model to assess the water regulation and purification capacity of agricultural soils at field level, to (ii) conduct sensitivity analysis of the model; and (iii) to validate the model with independent empirical data. The developed decision support model for WR is a hierarchical qualitative model with 5 levels and has 27 basic attributes describing the soil (S), environment (E), and management (M) attributes of the field site to be assessed. The WR model is composed of 3 sub-models concerning (1) soil water storage, (2) P and sediment loss in runoff, and (3) N leaching in percolating water. The WR decision support model was validated using a representative dataset of 94 field sites from across Europe and had an overall accuracy of 75% when compared to the empirically derived values across these sites. This highly accurate, reliable, and useful decision support model for assessing the capacity of agricultural soils to perform the WR function can be used by farmers and advisors help manage and protect their soil resources for the future. This model has also been incorporated into the Soil Navigator decision support tool which provides simultaneous assessment of the WR function and other important soil functions for agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decision support tool", "Nutrition. Foods and food supply", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "soil functions", "TP368-456", "15. Life on land", "water quality", "01 natural sciences", "INCREASE", "Food processing and manufacture", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "EXTREME EVENTS", "water regulation", "11. Sustainability", "MANAGEMENT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TX341-641", "water purification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Sustainable%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-19", "title": "Long-Term Tillage And Crop Rotations For 47-49 Years Influences Hydrological Properties Of Two Soils In Ohio", "description": "

Research is lacking concerning soil water retention (SWR) and infiltration rates (qs) as affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage and crop rotation. Thus, soil hydrological properties were measured at two long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental sites near Wooster (49 yr) and Hoytville (47 yr) in central Ohio. The Wooster soil is silt loam in texture and well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, whereas, the Hoytville soil is clay loam in texture and poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained. Tillage treatments were, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT), minimum\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (MT), and plow\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (PT), and crop rotations were continuous corn (Zea mays L.), and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean (Glycine max L.) in a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotation. Soil hydrological properties were compared with those of adjacent and undisturbed woodlots (WL). The SWR characteristics indicated higher volumetric water content at almost all matric potentials (\uffce\uffa8m) under WL soils than for the three tillage systems at both sites. Among tillage treatments, soils under NT had higher SWR than those under MT and PT for all four (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330, and 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm) depths. In general, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term NT contained a higher proportion of macropores (>1000 \uffce\uffbcm) and micropores (<10 \uffce\uffbcm), and hence had higher SWR than MT and PT for all depths. The qs was 1.9 and 4.2 times higher in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils under NT as compared to those under MT and PT, respectively, and 2.1 and 4.2 times higher in poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils. Two physical based infiltration models, Green\uffe2\uff80\uff90Ampt and Parlange, fitted the measured infiltration data well with the coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.91 to 0.98, and root mean square error values from 0.06 to 0.66 mm h\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Results support the conclusion that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (47\uffe2\uff80\uff9349 yr) use of NT practices in both well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained and poorly\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soils improves SWR, pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution, and qs compared to PT and MT practices.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Sandeep Kumar, Atsunobu Kadono, Warren A. Dick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0098"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0098", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0098"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-04", "title": "Irrigation System And Tillage Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Fractions", "description": "

Irrigation and tillage systems may affect surface residue and soil C and N fractions by influencing crop biomass yield, residue placement, and movement of water soluble C and N in the soil. We studied the effects of irrigation (mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation spray application [MESA] and low energy precision application [LEPA]) and tillage (conventional [CT] and strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage [ST]) systems on crop biomass (stems and leaves) yield, surface residue, and soil C and N fractions at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth from 2004 to 2007 in a Savage clay loam (fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Argiustolls) in Sidney, MT. Soil C and N fractions were soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), potential carbon and nitrogen mineralization (PCM and PNM), NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N, and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N. While crop biomass across treatments increased from 2004 to 2007, surface residue was greater with ST than with CT from 2005 to 2007. The NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N contents at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm in 2005 and STN at 0 to 5 cm in 2007 were greater with ST than with CT, but SOC at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, POC and MBN at 5 to 10 cm, and PNM at 0 to 5 cm in 2007 were greater with CT than with ST. The MBC at 0 to 5 cm and MBN at 10 to 20 cm were greater in LEPA than in MESA. The PCM at 10 to 20 cm was greater with CT than with ST in LEPA. While ST increased surface soil residue and N storage, residue incorporation to a greater depth in CT increased soil C storage, microbial activity, and N mineralization. Slow rate of water application near the soil surface increased microbial biomass in LEPA.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "William M. Iversen, Upendra M. Sainju, Robert G. Evans, William B. Stevens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0412"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0412", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0412"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics For Irrigated Corn Under Two Tillage Systems", "description": "

Conventional tillage (CT) with high N rates and irrigation is used more frequently than no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) for growing continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the central Great Plains of the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil organic C (SOC) stocks throughout the soil profile as well as the potential for maintaining or sequestering SOC within the soil profile (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93 120 cm) under irrigated, continuous corn as affected by NT and CT and three N rates. Isotopic \uffce\uffb413C techniques provided information about the fate of C added to soil by corn (C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C) and of residual C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C from cool\uffe2\uff80\uff90season plants grown before this study. Relative contributions of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C to SOC stocks after 8 yr were determined. Retention of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C from corn was measured under NT and CT. Nitrogen fertilization slowed losses of C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and improved retention of C4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till was superior to CT in maintaining SOC. Deep soil sampling to 120 cm and the use of stable C isotope techniques allowed evaluation of changes in SOC stocks during the 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Change in SOC under NT vs. CT resulted from greater loss of C3\uffe2\uff80\uff93C stocks under CT throughout the soil profile. Irrigated corn has a low potential to sequester SOC in the central Great Plains, especially under CT. The results of this study indicate that stability of the soil organic matter and its perceived \uffe2\uff80\uff9crecalcitrance\uffe2\uff80\uff9d is altered by environmental and biological controls.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Claudia Pozzi Jantalia, Ardell D. Halvorson, Ronald F. Follett,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0413"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0413", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0413"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-24", "title": "Changes In Soil Phosphorus Fractions For A Long-Term Corn-Soybean Rotation With Tillage And Phosphorus Fertilization", "description": "

Determining how agricultural management practices affect soil P over time could further our understanding of soil P cycling and, thereby, improve P fertilizer use. This study assessed the effects of tillage and P fertilization on soil P fractions over 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr periods of cultivation. In 1992, a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotational experiment was established in eastern Canada. Soil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) were collected in spring 2002 and 2008 before corn was planted in plots cultivated under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) management and fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901and 160 kg N ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901(applied only during the corn phase). Soil samples were analyzed for different attributes including P fractions, Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff903 P (PM3), P saturation index (PSI), and other chemical properties. Results show that PM3and PSI were greater under NT compared with MP and also increased with increasing P application. Resin\uffe2\uff80\uff90P was greater under fertilized NT compare with MP after the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Similar results were obtained with NaHCO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93inorganic P (Pi) after the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. The P fertilization increased labile P fractions and HCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90P after the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period but increased all Pi fractions after the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. This indicates that the effects of P fertilization increased over time. For the two periods of cultivation, total P declined regardless of treatment; resin\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, HCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, NaOH\uffe2\uff80\uff90organic P (Po), and residual\uffe2\uff80\uff90P were the main contributors and accounted for 83 to 98% of the decrease in total P. Regressions between total P and cumulative P budget indicate that the cumulative P budget variations account for 61 and 43% of total P variations after a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period, respectively. Positive correlations between all Pi fractions and cumulative P budget indicate that combined NT and P fertilization enhanced soil Pi fractions, thereby improving soil P supplying capacity and P balance.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0427"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2012.0427", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2012.0427"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-10", "description": "

Replacement of fallow in crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow systems with cover crops (CCs) may improve soil properties. We assessed whether replacing fallow in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow with winter and spring CCs for 5 yr reduced wind and water erosion, increased soil organic carbon (SOC), and improved soil physical properties on a Ulysses silt loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustolls) in the semiarid central Great Plains. Winter triticale (\uffc3\uff97Triticosecale Wittm.), winter lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), spring lentil, spring pea (Pisum sativum L. ssp.), and spring triticale CCs were compared with wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow and continuous wheat under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till management. We also studied the effect of triticale haying on soil properties. Results indicate that spring triticale and spring lentil increased soil aggregate size distribution, while spring lentil reduced the wind erodible fraction by 1.6 times, indicating that CCs reduced the soil's susceptibility to wind erosion. Cover crops also increased wet aggregate stability and reduced runoff loss of sediment, total P, and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N. After 5 yr, winter and spring triticale increased SOC pool by 2.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 and spring lentil increased SOC pool by 2.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with fallow. Triticale haying compared with no haying for 5 yr did not affect soil properties. Nine months after termination, CCs had, however, no effects on soil properties, suggesting that CC benefits are short lived in this climate. Overall, CCs, grown in each fallow phase in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, can reduce soil erosion and improve soil aggregation in this semiarid climate.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-19", "description": "Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. doi:10.2136/sssaj 2013.07.0301 Received 26 July 2013 *Corresponding author (lotfollah.abdollahi@agrsci.dk; Lotfollah.abdollahi@yahoo.com) \u00a9 Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Tillage System and Cover Crop Effects on Soil Quality: I. Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties Soil & Water Management & Conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0301"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-19", "description": "Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302 Received 26 July 2013 *Corresponding author (lotfollah.abdollahi@agrsci.dk; Lotfollah.abdollahi@yahoo.com) \u00a9 Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Tillage System and Cover Crop Effects on Soil Quality: II. Pore Characteristics Soil & Water Management & Conservation", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-02", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] farmers in the upper Midwest are showing increasing interest in winter cover crops. The effects of winter cover crops on soil quality in this region, however, have not been investigated extensively. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop after more than 9 yr in a corn silage\u2013soybean rotation. Four cereal rye winter cover crop treatments were established in 2001: no cover crop, rye after soybean, rye after silage, and rye after both. Soil organic matter (SOM), particulate organ- ic matter (POM), and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) were measured in 2010 and 2011 for two depth layers (0\u20135 and 5\u201310 cm) in both the corn silage and soybean phases of the rotation. In the 0- to 5-cm depth layer, a rye cover crop grown after both main crops had 15% greater SOM, 44% greater POM, and 38% greater PMN than the treatment with no cover crops. In gen- eral, the treatments that had a rye cover crop after both crops or after corn silage had a positive effect on the soil quality indicators relative to treatments without a cover crop or a cover crop only after soybean. Apparently, a rye cover crop grown only after soybean did not add enough residues to the soil to cause measureable changes in SOM, POM, or PMN. In general, rye cover crop effects were most pronounced in the top 5 cm of soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.09.0401"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-08", "description": "Agriculture management practices can significantly affect soil C storage through changes in C inputs and losses. This study investigated the short-term effects of tillage (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), residue removal (0, 50, and 100%), and N rates of 0, 170, and 280 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 on soil C storage. Studies were established in 2008 to 2011 on a Nicollet clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) and Canisteo clay loam (Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) soil association at Ames, central Iowa site (AC) and a Marshall silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) soil association at Armstrong, southwest Iowa site (ASW) in continuous corn (Zea Mays L.). Findings from the C budget show that under CT and N rate of 170 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 in continuous corn, there was no significant change in net soil C with no residue removal. Increasing N rate from 170 to 280 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 resulted in greater potential C inputs from above and belowground biomass, although C losses were not significantly different, especially with NT. Thus, a portion of soil surface residue could be removed without causing a net loss of soil C. Converting from CT to NT led to lower soil C losses, but C inputs varied due to soil temperature and water content differences and seasonal variability in a given year. Consequently, averaged across both tillage systems and at 280 kg ha\u207b\u00b9 N rate for continuous corn approximately 5.10 and 4.18 Mg ha\u207b\u00b9 of the residue should remain on the field to sustain soil C in 2010 and 5.23 and 5.18 Mg ha\u2013\u00b9 in 2011 for AC and ASW sites, respectively. These finding suggest that residue removal needs to be approached on yearly basis with particular consideration to site\u2019s yield potential and weather condition as the residue biomass production can be variable.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Jose G. Guzman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.10.0426"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-25", "title": "Soil Carbon And Crop Yields Affected By Irrigation, Tillage, Cropping System, And Nitrogen Fertilization", "description": "Management practices are needed to reduce soil C losses from croplands converted from Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland. We evaluated the effects of irrigation, tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on surface residue and soil organic C (SOC) at the 0- to 85-cm depth in relation to crop yields in a sandy loam soil from 2005 to 2011 in croplands converted from CRP in western North Dakota. Treatments were two irrigation practices (irrigated vs. nonirrigated) as the main plot and six cropping systems [CRP, conventional till malt barley (L.) with N fertilizer (CTBN), conventional till malt barley without N fertilizer (CTBO), no-till malt barley\u2013pea (L.) with N fertilizer (NTB-P), no-till malt barley with N fertilizer (NTBN), and no-till malt barley without N fertilizer (NTBO)] as the split plot arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications. Soil surface residue amount and C content were greater in CRP and NTBN than the other cropping systems. At 0 to 5 cm, SOC was greater in irrigated CRP, but at 0 to 85 cm it was greater in nonirrigated NTBN than most other treatments. At 0 to 20 cm, SOC increased by 0.26 to 1.21 Mg C ha yr in NTB-P and CRP but decreased by 0.02 to 0.68 Mg C ha yr in other cropping systems. Surface residue C and SOC at 0 to 10 cm were related to annualized crop grain yield (= 0.45\u20130.77, \u2264 0.12, = 10). Because of positive C sequestration rate and favorable crop yields, NTB-P may be used as a superior management option to reduce soil C losses and sustain yields in croplands converted from CRP in the northern Great Plains.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-TonThat, Upendra M. Sainju, William B. Stevens,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-30", "title": "Can Cover Crop And Manure Maintain Soil Properties After Stover Removal From Irrigated No-Till Corn?", "description": "Addition of cover crops and animal manure following corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for expanded uses may mitigate negative soil property effects of stover removal. We studied the short-term (3 yr) cumulative impacts of stover removal with and without winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop or animal manure application on near-surface (0- to 5-cm depth) soil properties under irrigated no-till continuous corn on a Hastings silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Argiustolls) (<3% slope) near Clay Center, NE. Treatments were irrigation levels (full and deficit), amelioration practices (none, cover crop, or animal manure), stover removal (no removal or maximum removal), and N fertilization (125 or 200 kg N ha\u207b\u00b9). Data collected after 3 yr indicate that stover removal (63%) reduced geometric mean diameter of dry aggregates 93%, increased erodible fraction sixfold, and reduced aggregate stability 32% compared with plots without stover removal. Stover removal from plots with cover crop or manure reduced dry aggregate size and stability and increased erodible fraction compared with plots without removal and amelioration practices, indicating that amelioration practices did not offset stover removal effects. Stover removal reduced wet aggregate stability and soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth, but cover crop or manure mitigated these small reductions. Stover removal did not change water infiltration rates and had small effects on particulate organic matter (POM). Overall, in the short term, cover crop or manure may not provide sufficient protection from raindrop impact and wetting and drying cycles to maintain soil structure, resulting in increased susceptibility to wind erosion. Use of these amelioration practices, however, may offset changes in surface layer wet aggregate stability and SOC after high rates of stover removal in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2013.12.0550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-19", "title": "Long-Term Fertilization Practices Alter Aluminum Fractions And Coordinate State In Soil Colloids", "description": "

Understanding how fertilization practices affect Al fractions is important for the alleviation of soil acidification and the sequestration of soil organic C (SOC). Two selective extraction methods, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier\uffe2\uff80\uff90transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to assess the transformation of Al fractions in Ferralic Cambisol soils under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (22\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr) treatment with chemical and/or organic fertilizers. The results showed that Al fractions were significantly (P < 0.05) altered by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization. Compared with chemical fertilization (N and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K), organic fertilization (manure alone and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K with manure) significantly (P < 0.05) increased amorphous Al and decreased exchangeable Al, while the addition of lime (N with lime and N\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93K with lime) significantly (P < 0.05) increased weakly organically bound Al and decreased exchangeable Al. Amorphous Al was significantly positively correlated with soil C (P < 0.01), indicating that amorphous Al could enhance soil C sequestration. In contrast, exchangeable Al was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH (P < 0.01), indicating that reducing the concentration of exchangeable Al could alleviate soil acidification. The 27Al NMR and FTIR spectroscopy results of soil colloids further confirmed the presence of amorphous Al as allophane and imogolite in soil colloids under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization and organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilization treatments but not under chemical fertilization, suggesting that the enhancement of soil nanominerals by organic fertilization may be another new mechanism for alleviating soil acidification. Our results provide novel insight into how Al fractions and their coordinate states under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization enhance soil C sequestration while alleviating soil acidification.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0147"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-10", "title": "From Real Soils to 3D-Printed Soils: Reproduction of Complex Pore Network at the Real Size in a Silty-Loam Soil", "description": "Pore complexity and micro-heterogeneity are pivotal in characterizing biogeochemical processes in soils. Recent advances in X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) allow the 3D soil morphology characterization of undisturbed samples, although its geometrical reproduction at very small spatial scales is still challenging. Here, by combining X-ray microCT with 3D multijet printing technology, we aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of 3D-printing soil structures at the original scale with a resolution of 80 \u03bcm and compare the hydraulic properties of original soil samples with those obtained from the soil-like prototypes. Results showed that soil-like prototypes were similar to the original samples in terms of total porosity and pore shape. By contrast the pore connectivity was reduced by incomplete wax removal from pore cavities after the 3D printing procedure. Encouraging results were also obtained in terms of hydraulic conductivity since measurements were successfully conducted on five out of six samples, showing positive correlation with experimental data. We are confident that future developments of 3D-printing technologies and of their combination with microCT will help to further the understanding of soil micro-heterogeneity and its effects on soil-water dynamics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Soil structure", " 3D Print; X-ray microtomography", " water permeability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "DAL FERRO, NICOLA, MORARI, FRANCESCO,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3188605/4/Dal%20Ferro_From%20real%20soils%20to%203D%20printed%20soils_2015.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-25", "description": "

Core Ideas

Organic treatments significantly enhanced soil organic C, total N, and most enzymes activities.

The highest soil organic C, total N, and enzyme activities were existed in 200\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 63\uffe2\uff80\uff90\uffce\uffbcm fraction.

Soil organic C, total N, C/N ratio, \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, sulfatase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiohydrolase, and phenol oxidase activities were significantly correlated with phospholipid fatty acids.

A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiment was established in 1981 to examine the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and microbial community composition. In this study, we considered 33 yr of the following fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer (control, CK), fertilizer N (N), fertilizer N and P (NP), fertilizer N, P and K (NPK), manure plus fertilizer N, P and K (NPKM), and manure (M). We focused on yellow\uffe2\uff80\uff90brown paddy soil and its particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size fractions of >2000 \uffc2\uffb5m (large macroaggregate sized), 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff93200 \uffc2\uffb5m (coarse sand sized), 200\uffe2\uff80\uff9363 \uffc2\uffb5m (fine sand sized), 63\uffe2\uff80\uff932 \uffc2\uffb5m (silt sized), and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1 \uffc2\uffb5m (clay sized). Nutrient concentrations and enzymes, affected by fertilizer treatment and particle fraction, were unevenly active throughout the soils which showed significantly highest concentration and activity in the fine sand fraction, except sulfatase (Sul). However, the coarse sand fraction contributed the largest SOC, TN, and enzyme pools to bulk soil, followed by silt\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized and large macroaggregate\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized fractions. Compared with NPK, NPKM, and M treatments significantly improved SOC, TN, phosphatase (Pho), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase (\uffce\uffb2G), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90cellobiohydrolase (\uffce\uffb2CB), N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90xylosidase (\uffce\uffb2X), phenol oxidase (PhOx), peroxidase activities, and the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) abundance of soil fractions. Manure also accelerated SOC, TN, and most enzymes accumulation in coarse sand fraction at the expense of clay fraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial community composition showed a smaller variability in particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90size fractions than treatments which suggested a considerable effect of soil nutrient availability on microbial community composition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) also convinced SOC, TN, C/N ratio, \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase (\uffce\uffb1G), Sul, \uffce\uffb2G, \uffce\uffb2CB, and PhOx activities significantly governed microbial community in this study. Our results conveyed long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the increase of SOC, TN, and most enzyme activities in bulk soil and particle fractions, along with abundant and diverse microbial community in fine sand fraction and other organic treated soil fractions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jingwen Sun, Ping He, Guoqing Liang, Qian Zhang, Wang Xiubin, Wei Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2015.07.0255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-05", "description": "

Core Ideas

Nitrous oxide emissions were greater in winter than spring or fall.

Tillage radish increased over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N2O fluxes.

Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legume cover crops increased N2O fluxes under apparent NO3 limiting conditions.

Cover crops retain post\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvest nutrients but how they impact non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is unclear. Therefore, we quantified how cover crop type (fall rye [Secale cereale L.] or oilseed radish [Raphanus sativus L.]) and fertilizer source (compost or inorganic fertilizer) affected N2O emissions, soil water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (WEOC) and nitrate (NO3) dynamics over two non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing seasons. A treatment with no fertilizer or cover crop was also included. Weekly, N2O fluxes were determined using vented static chambers; soil WEOC and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations were measured monthly. Each non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season, mean N2O fluxes were 74 to 450% greater in the winter (21 December\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 March) than spring (21 March\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 June) or fall (22 September\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 December). In winter 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015, oilseed radish increased the mean N2O flux by 39 and 323% compared with fall rye and no cover crop, respectively, while the mean N2O fluxes were strongly correlated to the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter (16 Dec. 2014) NO3 concentrations (r = 0.96; P < 0.001), indicating NO3 levels < 6 mg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 limited N2O fluxes. In 2014\uffe2\uff80\uff932015, fall rye and oilseed radish had 76 and 154% greater cumulative N2O emissions than amended soils with no cover crop, respectively. Across both winters, an exponential model explained 67% of variability between the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter WEOC to NO3 ratio and N2O fluxes, indicating that organic C and NO3 controlled over\uffe2\uff80\uff90winter N2O fluxes. Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90legume cover crops increased non\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season N2O emissions, suggesting that cover crops concentrate denitrification substrates in root\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated soil to enhance N2O fluxes.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-18", "title": "Corn Residue Baling And Grazing Impacts On Soil Carbon Stocks And Other Properties On A Haplustoll", "description": "

Core Ideas

Corn residue baling reduced SOC stocks by 2.16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931 compared with no removal after 3 yr.

Baling increased erosion potential and reduced soil microbial biomass.

Cattle grazing of corn residues did not generally affect soil properties.

Baling and grazing effects on soil properties did not vary with irrigation and tillage system.

Baling affected soil properties more than grazing regardless of irrigation and tillage.

Baling and grazing of corn (Zea mays L.) residues are common practices in irrigated systems to meet the increasing demand for forage. Our understanding of how such practices affect soil properties under different tillage and irrigation levels is, however, still limited. This study assessed the impacts of corn residue baling and grazing on soil organic C (SOC) stocks, particulate organic matter (POM) concentration, soil microbial communities, sorptivity, and wind and water erosion potential under continuous corn managed with two irrigation (full and limited) and two tillage (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till and strip till) levels after 3 yr on a silt loam in the central Great Plains. On average, residue removal was 66% for baling and 24% for grazing. Baling reduced SOC stocks by 2.16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931 for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with no residue removal, but residue grazing, irrigation, and tillage had no effects. Full irrigation decreased mean weight diameter (MWD) of wet aggregates by 19% compared with limited irrigation, attributed to Na accumulation. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till had lower wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90erodible fraction and greater microbial biomass than strip till. Regardless of irrigation and tillage, baling increased wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90erodible fraction by 43% and decreased MWD by 56%, POM concentration by 41%, sorptivity by 57%, and microbial biomass in the upper 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth compared with grazing and no residue removal. Grazing increased POM concentration and actinomycete biomass compared with no residue removal. Overall, changes in soil properties due to baling were larger and more rapid than in most previous studies, while grazing had fewer effects on soil properties.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2017.05.0177"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2019.03.0092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-10", "title": "The Relation between Soil Water Repellency and Water Content Can Be Predicted by Vis\u2010NIR Spectroscopy", "description": "

The severity of soil water repellency (SWR) varies nonlinearly with water content ( w ), and it is extremely laborious to obtain complete SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves, which are needed to predict the occurrence of SWR. In this study, we combined a three\uffe2\uff80\uff90parameter moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent SWR (MD\uffe2\uff80\uff90SWR) model with visible near\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared spectroscopy (vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS) as a fast and novel method to estimate the SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curve. The method was applied to a data set of SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves determined for 71 soil samples (organic carbon [OC] content: 0.021\uffe2\uff80\uff930.147 kg kg \uffe2\uff80\uff901 , clay: 0.000\uffe2\uff80\uff930.520 kg kg \uffe2\uff80\uff901 ). The degree of SWR was measured on air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried soil samples (SWR AD ) and on soil samples with increasing water contents until the water content at which the soils became wettable ( w NON ) was reached. The three\uffe2\uff80\uff90parameter MD\uffe2\uff80\uff90SWR model was fitted to the measured SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves between the water content at air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry conditions ( w AD ) and w NON . The total SWR was then calculated as the trapezoidal integrated area underneath the SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves (SWR AREA ). Air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried soil samples were scanned with a vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIR spectrometer. Each of the three MD\uffe2\uff80\uff90SWR model parameters was correlated to vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS spectra using partial least squares regression. The SWR AREA was predicted using two approaches. For Approach I, the SWR AREA calculated from the MD\uffe2\uff80\uff90SWR model was predicted with a single vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS model. Approach II utilized predicted MD\uffe2\uff80\uff90SWR model parameter values to obtain vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS\uffe2\uff80\uff90predicted SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves between w AD and w NON , and the SWR AREA was calculated from these curves. Results show that vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS can predict the shape of the SWR\uffe2\uff80\uff90 w curves as well as the SWR AREA ( R 2 = 0.58 and 0.56 for Approach I and II, respectively) across a highly variable dataset from a single vis\uffe2\uff80\uff90NIRS scanning and one SWR measurement at air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dried conditions.

A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.

Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.

There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.

Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

Soil quality indicates the soil\u2019s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer suggested the presence of a plough pan. NT improved the soil\u2019s physical quality at 5\u201310 cm, which was indicated by higher moisture content, water-holding capacity and porosity and a lower bulk density, whereas penetration resistance exceeded 2 MPa in the lower part of the topsoil. NT also had significantly lower total soil organic C and total N compared to MT and G. The absence of tillage in the NT and G systems may have improved the soil\u2019s resistance to moisture loss under dry conditions, which, in turn, improved the soil habitability for earthworms a despite higher density. In general, NT or MT stabilised or increased the soil quality compared to CT.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "earthworms; minimum tillage; no-tillage; soil physical properties; water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "Agriculture (General)", "no-tillage", "earthworms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "soil physical properties", "water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2017.04.0083", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-15", "title": "Rhizosphere\u2010Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates", "description": "Core Ideas

We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.

This has been carried out using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.

Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed > maize root > barley root.

Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.

Using rhizosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 kPa matric potential using a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.\u03b42H analysis", "description": "

Abstract. Pleistocene ice complex permafrost deposits contain roughly a quarter of the organic carbon (OC) stored in permafrost (PF) terrain. When permafrost thaws, its OC is remobilized into the (aquatic) environment where it is available for degradation, transport or burial. Aquatic or coastal environments contain sedimentary reservoirs that can serve as archives of past climatic change. As permafrost thaw is increasing throughout the Arctic, these reservoirs are important locations to assess the fate of remobilized permafrost OC.We here present compound-specific deuterium (\uffce\uffb42H) analysis on leaf waxes as a tool to distinguish between OC released from thawing Pleistocene permafrost (ice complex deposits; ICD) and from thawing Holocene permafrost (from near-surface soils). Bulk geochemistry (%OC; \uffce\uffb413C; %total nitrogen, TN) was analyzed as well as the concentrations and \uffce\uffb42H signatures of long-chain n-alkanes (C21 to C33) and mid- to long-chain n-alkanoic acids (C16 to C30) extracted from both ICD-PF samples (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffaf9) and modern vegetation and O-horizon (topsoil-PF) samples (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffaf9) from across the northeast Siberian Arctic. Results show that these topsoil-PF samples have higher %OC, higher OC\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffe2\uff88\uff95\uffe2\uff80\uffafTN values and more depleted \uffce\uffb413C-OC values than ICD-PF samples, suggesting that these former samples trace a fresher soil and/or vegetation source. Whereas the two investigated sources differ on the bulk geochemical level, they are, however, virtually indistinguishable when using leaf wax concentrations and ratios. However, on the molecular isotope level, leaf wax biomarker \uffce\uffb42H values are statistically different between topsoil PF and ICD PF. For example, the mean \uffce\uffb42H value of C29\uffc2\uffa0n-alkane was \uffe2\uff88\uff92246\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uffaf13\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 (mean\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uffafSD) for topsoil PF and \uffe2\uff88\uff92280\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uffaf12\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 for ICD PF. With a dynamic isotopic range (difference between two sources) of 34 to 50\uffe2\uff80\uffaf\uffe2\uff80\uffb0; the isotopic fingerprints of individual, abundant, biomarker molecules from leaf waxes can thus serve as endmembers to distinguish between these two sources. We tested this molecular \uffce\uffb42H tracer along with another source-distinguishing approach, dual-carbon (\uffce\uffb413C\uffe2\uff80\uff93\uffce\uff9414C) isotope composition of bulk OC, for a surface sediment transect in the Laptev Sea. Results show that general offshore patterns along the shelf-slope transect are similar, but the source apportionment between the approaches vary, which may highlight the advantages of either. This study indicates that the application of \uffce\uffb42H leaf wax values has potential to serve as a complementary quantitative measure of the source and differential fate of OC thawed out from different permafrost compartments.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC-MATTER; N-ALKANE DISTRIBUTIONS; DMITRY LAPTEV STRAIT; LENA RIVER DELTA; BUOR-KHAYA BAY; ARCTIC SHELF; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CARBON ISOTOPES; YEDOMA REGION; GROUND-ICE", "GE1-350", "Geology", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Cryosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-19", "title": "It Matters How We Measure - Quantification of Microplastics in Drinking Water by \u03bcFTIR and \u03bcRaman", "description": "The water treatment for microplastics (MP) at a Danish groundwater-based waterworks was assessed by Fourier-Transform IR micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcFTIR) (nominal size limit 6.6\u00a0\u03bcm) and compared to results from Raman micro-spectroscopy (\u03bcRaman) (nominal size limit 1.0\u00a0\u03bcm) on the same sample set. The MP abundance at the waterworks' inlet and outlet was quantified as MP counts per cubic metre (N/m3) and estimated MP mass per cubic metre (\u03bcg/m3). The waterworks' MP removal efficiency was found to be higher when analysing by \u03bcFTIR (counts: 78.14\u00a0\u00b1\u00a049.70%, mass: 98.73\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.10%) and less fluctuating than when using \u03bcRaman (counts: 43.2%, mass: 75.1%). However, both techniques pointed to a value of \u223c80% for the counts' removal efficiency of MPs >6.6\u00a0\u03bcm. Contrarily to what was shown by \u03bcRaman, no systematic leaking of MPs from the plastic elements of the facility could be identified for the \u03bcFTIR dataset, either from the counts (inlet 31.86\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.17\u00a0N/m3, outlet 4.98\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.09\u00a0N/m3) or mass estimate (inlet 76.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0106.30\u00a0\u03bcg/m3, outlet 2.81\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.78\u00a0\u03bcg/m3). The estimation of human MP intake from drinking water calculated from the \u03bcFTIR data (5\u00a0N/(year\u00b7capita)) proved to be approximately 332 times lower than that calculated from the \u03bcRaman dataset, although in line with previous studies employing \u03bcFTIR. By merging the MP length datasets from the two techniques, it could be shown that false negatives became prevalent in the \u03bcFTIR dataset already below 50\u00a0\u03bcm. Further, by fitting the overall frequency of the MP length ranges with a power function, it could be shown that \u03bcFTIR missed approximately 95.7% of the extrapolated MP population (1-1865.9\u00a0\u03bcm). Consequently, relying on only \u03bcFTIR may have led to underestimating the MP content of the investigated drinking water, as most of the 1-50\u00a0\u03bcm\u00a0MP would have been missed.", "keywords": ["Social sciences (General)", "H1-99", "Q1-390", "FTIR micro-spectroscopy", "Science (General)", "Microplastics", "Raman micro-spectroscopy", "Drinking water", "6. Clean water", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4498590"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Heliyon", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4498590", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4498590"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Is the organic carbon-to-clay ratio a reliable indicator of soil health?", "description": "Climate action plans under the Paris Climate Agreement and other national commitments aimed at improving soil-based ecosystem services require the operational monitoring of soil carbon (C). The European Union is aiming to enhance soil health, and as part of the proposed Soil Monitoring Law, the European Commission recommends the monitoring of the soil C loss indicator among other soil health indicators. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of the proposed soil C loss indicator by assessing its performance using the EU-wide 2009 LUCAS soil survey data. The proposed indicator is the soil organic carbon (SOC) to clay ratio, with a threshold value of 1:13. The results are also compared with the C stock changes reported by countries to the climate convention (UNFCCC). Our results reveal that the variation in SOC and clay content at European scale exceeds that of the data used to develop the proposed indicator. We also found that the variation in the SOC content was influenced not only by clay content but also by climate and land-use reflecting C input levels. Therefore, the defined threshold is inadequate for detecting degraded soils if the SOC and clay content are beyond the conditions used to establish the criteria. Furthermore, major discrepancies were observed between the soil carbon stock changes reported by the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the proportions of degraded soils identified by using the soil C loss indicator. We conclude that employing a single indicator such as SOC:Clay ratio with one threshold value for all soils across various land covers, management practices, and climatic conditions, as defined by the European Commission for the Soil Monitoring Law, is inappropriate for monitoring soil C loss.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "550", "Forest soil", " agricultural soil", "Science", "Q", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "Soil monitoring", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "SOC:Clay ratio", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "soil monitoring", "LUCAS soil survey", "11. Sustainability", "soc:clay ratio", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "European mineral soils", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "name": "item", "description": "10.2139/ssrn.4681574", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2139/ssrn.4681574"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21421/D2/C0H1JL", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dataset of APSIM simulations estimating the ecosystem service impacts of alternative management practices in Maharashtra/India", "description": "The data were created in the GIZ funded project \u2018Advancing Knowledge on the Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Soil Fertility Management in Maharashtra, India\u2019. The objective of this project was to study the impact of cropping systems and soil fertility management practices on select ecosystem services. The study sites were Bhokardan (Jalna district), Sakri (Dhule district), Parner (Ahmednagar district), Morshi (Amravati district), and the Asoli Atmurdi and Devdhari clusters in Yavatmal. The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) package was used to conduct crop model simulations. The major components of these models were vegetative and reproductive development, carbon, water, and nitrogen balance. The models simulated crop growth and development using a daily time step from sowing to maturity and ultimately predicted yield. Genotypic differences in growth, development, and yield of crop cultivars are affected through genetic coefficients (cultivar-specific parameters) that were input into the model in addition to crop-specific coefficients that were considered less changeable or more conservative in nature across crop cultivars. The physiological processes that were simulated describe the crop response to major weather factors, including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation and include the effect of soil characteristics on water availability for crop growth. The soil water balance was a function of precipitation, irrigation, runoff from the soil surface, soil evaporation, transpiration and drainage from the bottom of the soil profile. Daily surface runoff of water was calculated using the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service curve number technique (Soil Conservation Service 1972). To compute soil water drainage, the model used a \u2018tipping bucket\u2019 approach when a layer\u2019s water content is above a drained upper limit (DUL). In the model, high-temperature influences growth and development and the allocation of assimilates to the reproductive organs was reduced by decreased pod set and seed growth rate. The model\u2019s prediction of elevated temperature effects on pod yield was tested and shown to be accurate against elevated temperature data. Increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere increased crop growth through increased leaf-level photosynthesis, which responds to CO2 concentration. The models need extensive parameterization and calibration before they can be put to use. We used AICRP (All India Coordinated Research project, ICAR) trial data to calibrate the simulation models. Long term trends in observed seasonal precipitation and temperature over Maharashtra were analyzed using IMD along with AgMERRA gridded rainfall and temperature at daily time scales to arrive at current baseline climatology for the time period 1980-2009 (30 years). For the purpose of modeling the study districts were cut into 90 girds of 200 km resolution. For each modeled grid cell, soil inputs to the model were obtained from a set of 90 soil profiles developed by blending and interpreting information from crop modeling studies conducted in India in various location and WISE database (Batjes 2009). We also used the soil profile datasets developed by NBSSLUP for Maharashtra. Simulations were run for all soils in each grid cell, and cell-specific output was computed from the area-weighted average based on the area share of each soil in the grid cell. We adopted the automatic planting procedure available in APSIM. The planting event of rainfed crops was triggered whenever cumulative rainfall after the onset of monsoon reached 50 mm. Other crop management practices were obtained from the survey data collected from the farmers in the study region. We identified location-specific fundamental classes of projected climate change. We characterized an individual model\u2019s projected, location-specific temperature and precipitation changes in terms of its deviation from the ensemble median. Accordingly, we identified five individual GCMs that capture a profile of the full ensemble of temperature and precipitation changes with the annual season to select the five climate models out of 29 GCMs. A scatter plot was generated to represent climate models with their magnitude of future change. The scatter plot represents cool/wet, hot/wet, cool/dry and hot/dry models relative to the median of the model spread. This study simulated the impact of the hot dry and cool wet scenarios which are closest to the median. Both scenarios are warmer compared to the baseline, with the hot dry being hotter than the cool wet one. The precipitation of the hot dry scenario is only slightly above the baseline. It is significantly higher under the cool wet scenario.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dakshina Murthy, Dakshina Murthy, Falk, Thomas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21421/D2/C0H1JL"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21421/D2/C0H1JL", "name": "item", "description": "10.21421/D2/C0H1JL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21421/D2/C0H1JL"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21474/IJAR01/18360", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-05", "title": "MAIZE-SOYBEAN INTERCROPPING WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZATION AS A SOLUTION TO ENHANCE CROP AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY", "description": "

An ever-increasing population and a decreasing cultivated land are challenging global food security. There is a massive difference between domestic production and demand. It is critical to improve the various index of land in order to secure food for future generations. Intercropping maize and soybeans can be a successful approach for addressing the gap between supply and demand. Due to low crop production per unit area, insufficient crop diversity, a lack of quality seeds and fertilizers, poor crop management, and the unfavorable effects of climate change. The experiment was conducted to understand the relationship of maize-soybean intercropping system with farm yard manure as a source of fertilizer. Our results showed that the farm yard manure has positively affected the overall soil fertility and also improved the crops production. Farm yard manure addition has given more fruitful results under maize-soybean intercropping. Maize-soybean intercropping with farm yard manure had a significant impact on growth and grain yield of both maize and soybean. The agronomic parameters plant height, shoot dry matter yield, grain yield and nitrogen uptake were recorded highest in the farm yard manure treatment under maize-soybean intercropping. Similarly, soil building attributes soil pH, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and soil mineral nitrogen were positively affected by the interaction of farm yard manure and maize-soybean intercropping. Overall, we have concluded that maize-soybean intercropping system is most resilient cropping system with the implementation of farm yard manure to improve the crop productivity, soil health and to overcome the impact of climate change.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/18360"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Advanced%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21474/IJAR01/18360", "name": "item", "description": "10.21474/IJAR01/18360", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21474/IJAR01/18360"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-24", "description": "This trial was conducted over a period of ten years on a sandy soil in a Sauvignon blanc/Ramsey vineyard in Lutzville (31\u00b035\u2019S, 18\u00b052\u2019E), situated in the semi-arid Olifants River Valley of the Western Cape. Twenty-three treatments were applied. Eight cover crop species that received the same amount of fertilizer were controlled chemically at the end of August or at the end of November. Two treatments were also applied in which Avena sativa L. v. Saia (\u2018Saia\u2019 oats) and Vicia dasycarpa Ten. (grazing vetch) were controlled mechanically during bud break.\u00a0 In addition to these eighteen treatments, two fertiliser application rates were applied to \u2018Saia\u2019 oats and grazing vetch. A mechanically cultivated control in which no cover crop was sown was included in the trial. Secale cereale L v. Henog and Ornithopus sativus L. v. Emena produced, on average, the highest amount of dry matter at the end of August (3.29 t/ha and 3.06 t/ha, respectively) after receiving on average 278 mm of water, of which 172 mm was supplied by means of a micro-sprinkler irrigation system. The average dry matter produced by Medicago truncatula Gaertn. v. Paraggio and \u2018Saia\u2019 oats at the end of August was not significantly lower than that of the firstmentioned two species. Under conditions of this experiment, it seemed that P and K at a concentration of 10 mg/kg and 78 mg/kg, respectively, in the top 300 mm soil layer supplied the needs of grazing vetch. Saia oats performed poorly unless 30 kg P, 30 kg K and 42 kg N were applied during establishment and the early growing phase. All the species, except M. truncatula Gaertn v. Parabinga, produced additional fibre from September to the end of November following a dry winter (rain and irrigation totaling 201 mm), while none produced additional fibre if the water supply was luxurious up to the end of August (rain and irrigation totaling 364 mm). The cover crops did not produce enough seeds to re-establish successfully over a period of five years. It will, however, be possible to reduce the seeding density of grazing vetch (40% after two seasons) and the two M. truncatula varieties (20% after five seasons) if the species were left to ripen their seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Cover crops", "Vineyards -- South Africa -- Management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fourie, J. C., Louw, P. J. E., Agenbag, G. A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.21548/26-2-2129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/South%20African%20Journal%20of%20Enology%20%26amp%3B%20Viticulture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "name": "item", "description": "10.21548/26-2-2129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21548/26-2-2129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-19", "title": "Factors influencing the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis: a ten-year systematic review and meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between naturally fluoridated groundwater and dental fluorosis has received large attention from researchers around the world. Despite recognition that several factors influence this relationship, there is a lack of systematic studies analyzing the heterogeneity of these results. To fill such a gap, this study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand which factors influence this relationship and how. Selected studies were sampled between 2007 and 2017 from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords and Boolean operators. Results of the systematic review show that dental fluorosis affects individuals of all ages, with the highest prevalence below 11, while the impact of other factors (gender, environmental conditions, diet and dental caries) was inconclusive. Meta-regression analysis, based on information collected through systematic review, indicates that both fluoride in drinking water and temperature influence dental fluorosis significantly and that these studies might be affected by publication bias. Findings show that fluoride negatively affects people's health in less developed countries. The conclusions discuss policy tools and technological innovations that could reduce fluoride levels below that of the World Health Organization (WHO) (&lt;1.5 mg/L).

", "keywords": ["fluoride", "Fluorosis", " Dental", "Drinking Water", "Dental Caries", "contaminated drinking water", " dental fluorosis", " fluoride", " meta-analysis", " systematic review", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "meta-analysis", "Fluorides", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "systematic review", "Prevalence", "Humans", "dental fluorosis", "Groundwater", "contaminated drinking water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/86403/1/Akuno_Nocella_Milai_Gutierrez_2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.uniss.it/bitstream/11388/228273/1/dental%20fluorosis.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.uniss.it/bitstream/11388/228273/5/jwh0170845.pdf"}, {"href": "http://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/17/6/845/637413/jwh0170845.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Water%20and%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2166/wh.2019.300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2166/wh.2019.300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wst.2012.618", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-11", "description": "

This paper projects a positive outcome for large-scale algal biofuel and energy production when wastewater treatment is the primary goal. Such a view arises partly from a recent change in emphasis in wastewater treatment technology, from simply oxidising the organic matter in the waste (i.e. removing the biological oxygen demand) to removing the nutrients \uffe2\uff80\uff93 specifically nitrogen and phosphorus \uffe2\uff80\uff93 which are the root cause of eutrophication of inland waterways and coastal zones. A growing need for nutrient removal greatly improves the prospects for using new algal ponds in wastewater treatment, since microalgae are particularly efficient in capturing and removing such nutrients. Using a spreadsheet model, four scenarios combining algae biomass production with the making of biodiesel, biogas and other products were assessed for two of Australia\uffe2\uff80\uff99s largest wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that super critical water reactors and anaerobic digesters could be attractive pathway options, the latter providing significant savings in greenhouse gas emissions. Combining anaerobic digestion with oil extraction and the internal economies derived from cheap land and recycling of water and nutrients on-site could allow algal oil to be produced for less than US$1 per litre.

", "keywords": ["Wastewater", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Waste Management", "Chlorophyta", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Anaerobiosis", "Biomass", "Oils", "Carbon Footprint", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Greg Threlfall, Tim Grant, Kurt Liffman, Tony Priestley, David F. Batten, George Freischmidt, D.A. Paterson, Tom Beer, Lucas Rye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.618"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2166/wst.2012.618", "name": "item", "description": "10.2166/wst.2012.618", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2166/wst.2012.618"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wst.2021.611", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-04", "title": "Determining the impact of flow velocities on reactive processes associated with Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2", "description": "Abstract

This study focuses on the impact of infiltration rates on colloidal transport and reactive processes associated with Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 using water-saturated sediment columns. The infiltration rates influence the physical transport of bacteria by controlling the mean flow velocity. This, in turn, impacts biological processes in pore water owing to the higher or lower residence time of the bacteria in the column. In the present study, continuous injection of E. faecalis (suspended in saline water with varying conditions of dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations) into a lab-scale sediment column was performed at flow velocities of 0.02 cm min\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 0.078 cm min\uffe2\uff88\uff921, i.e., at residence times of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff935 hours. The impact of residence times on reactive processes is significant for field scale setups. A process-based model with a first-order rate coefficient for each biological process was fitted for each obtained condition-specific dataset from the experimental observations (breakthrough curves). The coefficients were converted to a dimensionless form to facilitate the comparison of biological processes. These results indicate that the processes of attachment and growth were flow-dependent. The growth process in the absence of dissolved oxygen was the most dominant process, with a Damkoehler number of approximately 48.

", "keywords": ["enterococcus", "Bacteria", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "6. Clean water", "bacteria transport", "colloidal transport", "damkoehler numbers", "Enterococcus faecalis", "Water Movements", "process-based model", "TD1-1066"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/85/1/485/985586/wst085010485.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.611"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2166/wst.2021.611", "name": "item", "description": "10.2166/wst.2021.611", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2166/wst.2021.611"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wcc.2024.064", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-20", "title": "Model-based analysis of the impact of climate change on hydrology in the Guayas River basin (Ecuador)", "description": "ABSTRACT

Worldwide climate change will most likely lead to drastic changes in hydrology and food production. In this study, the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and the fate of pesticides in the Guayas River basin is investigated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Four general circulation models and three representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) for three future periods were used to assess impact of climate change. Future projections showed a maximum increase in the average monthly precipitation of 40% in June, as well as an increase in an average minimum temperature of 3.85\uffc2\uffb0C for July and an average maximum temperature of 4.5\uffc2\uffb0C for August in 2080s. The model simulations based on RCP 8.5 scenario predict an increase in potential evapotranspiration by 11%, surface runoff of 39% and water yield of 33% in 2080s. The pesticide simulation showed the highest water concentrations during the wet season. Projections of trends in pesticide concentration indicate a similar trend to the current situation given the application rate remains the same. The results can be beneficial for the management and planning of the basin to mitigate flood and water quality-related impacts of food production and climate change.

Sustainable water management measures are being developed to address the challenges posed by agriculture runoff and leaching on water resources. These measures are based on experts' opinions from various sectors and disciplines, ensuring that all stakeholders' perspectives are considered. For this, establishing a common understanding of 'sustainability' is essential to avoid misunderstandings, conflicts, and operational challenges. In this research, the Delphi survey technique was utilized to develop a definition of \uffe2\uff80\uff98sustainability\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in agricultural water management (SAWM) by considering the interdisciplinary group of experts from different parts of the world and those involved in a Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Action. Twenty-six experts' perspectives on environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability were assessed, and identified key concepts included climate change, water quality, water availability, stakeholder participation, capacity building, subsidies, and incentives. These concepts were used to define sustainability for multi/interdisciplinary project settings. The definition was validated with consortium members of the project in the regular consortium-wide meetings and used in the respective deliverables dealing with sustainability. The results serve as a foundation for communication between the involved actors and the project's definition of 'sustainability.' One recommendation from this work for broader policy formulation for SAWM in Europe is to prioritize farmer needs and focus on environmental sustainability.A local sensitivity analysis was performed for a chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0)-based two-step denitrification model, accounting for nitrite (NO2\uffe2\uff88\uff92) accumulation, biomass growth and S0 hydrolysis. The sensitivity analysis was aimed at verifying the model stability, understanding the model structure and individuating the model parameters to be further optimized. The mass specific area of the sulfur particles (a*) and hydrolysis kinetic constant (k1) were identified as the dominant parameters on the model outputs, i.e. nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92), NO2\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and sulfate (SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) concentrations, confirming that the microbially catalyzed S0 hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step during S0-driven denitrification. Additionally, the maximum growth rates of the denitrifying biomass on NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and NO2\uffe2\uff88\uff92 were detected as the most sensitive kinetic parameters.

", "keywords": ["Elemental sulfur", "Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "Biological surface-based hydrolysis; Elemental sulfur; Mathematical modeling; Sensitivity analysis; Two-step autotrophic denitrification; Environmental Engineering; Water Science and Technology", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Two-step autotrophic denitrification", "Bioreactors", "European Joint Doctorates", "European Commission", "Knowmad Institut", "Biological surface-based hydrolysis", "Nitrites", "Netherlands", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Aurora Universities Network", "EC", "Nitrates", "H2020", "Energy Research", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Mathematical modeling", "Sensitivity analysis", "Sulfur"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/724909/2/2018%20-%20Kostrytsia%20et%20al.%20-%20Water%20Science%20%26%20Technology%20-%20Sensitivity%20analysis%20for%20S0-based%20denitrification%20model.pdf"}, {"href": "http://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/78/6/1296/504647/wst078061296.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.398"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2166/wst.2018.398", "name": "item", "description": "10.2166/wst.2018.398", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2166/wst.2018.398"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2166/wst.2022.179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-01", "title": "Comparison of simple models for total nitrogen removal from agricultural runoff in FWS wetlands", "description": "Abstract

Free water surface (FWS) wetlands can be used to treat agricultural runoff, thereby reducing diffuse pollution. However, as these are highly dynamic systems, their design is still challenging. Complex models tend to require detailed information for calibration, which can only be obtained when the wetland is constructed. Hence simplified models are widely used for FWS wetlands design. The limitations of these models in full-scale FWS wetlands is that these systems often cope with stochastic events with different input concentrations. In our study, we compared different simple transport and degradation models for total nitrogen under steady- and unsteady-state conditions using information collected from a tracer experiment and data from two precipitation events from a full-scale FWS wetland. The tanks-in-series model proved to be robust for simulating solute transport, and the first-order degradation model with non-zero background concentration performed best for total nitrogen concentrations. However, the optimal background concentration changed from event to event. Thus, to use the model as a design tool, it is advisable to include an upper and lower background concentration to determine a range of wetland performance under different events. Models under steady- and unsteady-state conditions with simulated data showed good performance, demonstrating their potential for wetland design.To overcome the limitations of currently available protectives and consolidants for carbonate stones (such as marble and limestone), in 2011 the use of calcium phosphate was proposed. The idea is forming calcium phosphates (ideally hydroxyapatite) as the reaction product between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt, that the stone is treated with. In this paper, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (in terms of nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, reaction time, ionic and organic additions) are first briefly summarized. Then, the efficacy of the phosphate treatment in protecting marble from dissolution in rain and restoring cohesion of weathered marble and limestone is discussed. Some recent studies on the use of the phosphate treatment on alternative substrates and some future steps for research on the topic are finally outlined.

", "keywords": ["Building construction", "Protection", "0103 physical sciences", "Cultural heritage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Cultural heritage; Marble; Hydroxyapatite; Protection; Consolidation", "Marble", "Consolidation", "TH1-9745", "6. Clean water", "Hydroxyapatite"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni, Enrico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628268/1/Sassoni%20%282017%29%20Review%20RTL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/RILEM%20Technical%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "name": "item", "description": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2208/proge.12.79", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-06", "title": "EFFECT OF THREE GORGES DAM ON FLOOD PROTECTION IN THE MIDDLE REGION OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER BASIN IN CASE OF THE OCCURRENCE OF 1998 TYPE FLOOD", "description": "To evaluate the protection effect of the Three Gorges Dam Project (TGP) on the flood in the middle region of the Changjiang River basin, we applied the integrated watershed hydrological model using gauged daily precipitation data of 1998 when the second largest flood occurred in the basin in the last century. From the results simulated by applying the discharge volume controlled by each upper limitation value from 40, 000 m3/s to 60, 000 m3/s, we could not find the clear effect on the reduction of the water level during flood period not only in the Dongting Lake but also in the Changjiang mainstream in the cases that the upper limitation discharge value were over 50, 000 m3/s. In the case that the upper limitation value was 40, 000m3/s, although the flood protection effect was clearly exerted in both the mainstream and the lake, the simulated storage volume of TGP remarkably exceeded the total flood control volume (221.5\u00d7108 m3) at the peak of inflow to TGP. These results suggested that TGP flood control ability does not efficiently work for the decrease of flood damage in the middle region of the Changjiang basin in case of the occurrence of 1998 type flood phenomena.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Seiji HAYASHI, Shogo Murakami, Kai-Qin XU, Masataka WATANABE,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2208/proge.12.79"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Symposium%20on%20Global%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2208/proge.12.79", "name": "item", "description": "10.2208/proge.12.79", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2208/proge.12.79"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Transformation of jarosite and iron oxyhydroxides in acid sulfate paddy soils", "description": "Open AccessMinerals containing Fe are ubiquitous in soils. By providing an abundance of sites for the sorption and incorporation of major and trace elements, Fe minerals can govern the fate and behaviour of numerous pollutants and nutrients in soils. Furthermore, the reactivity of Fe in redox-dynamic soils produces a web of Fe mineral transformation processes with broad consequences for element cycling. The importance of Fe cycling is no exception in acid sulfate soils, although the high sulfur and low pH conditions produce unique Fe mineral transformation processes and compositions. In acid sulfate soils, jarosite, an Fe-K hydroxysulfate mineral, and ferrihydrite, a common short-range-ordered Fe oxyhydroxide mineral, play a central role in the pedological development of active and post-active acid sulfate soils. Soil pH and the dynamics of metals, such as aluminium, are key to understanding the toxicity of acid sulfate soils and can be directly influenced by jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. Although the transformation of Fe minerals is a key component of biogeochemical processes in redox-active soils, the variables that control the rates and pathways of Fe mineral transformations in soil remain uncertain. The uncertainty arises from the difficulty of tracing molecular processes within a matrix of diverse soil components. Iron minerals are regularly characterised in soils, but the processes that explain the Fe mineral composition of soils cannot be easily resolved. An alternative approach is to perform simplified experiments, such as mixed mineral suspension experiments, under controlled laboratory conditions, to test the effect of individual variables. These systems often use synthetic minerals, although relatively pure jarosite may also be isolated from soils and tested in mixed suspension experiments. While useful to derive mechanistic understanding, the measured outcomes of mixed suspension experiments may not represent the rates and products of transformations that occur in soils. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to gain new understanding of the stability and transformation of jarosite and ferrihydrite in acid sulfate soils by developing novel experimental techniques to follow the transformation of synthetic jarosite and ferrihydrite directly in soils. The central theme of the thesis is the comparison of jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite transformation in experimental media of increasing complexity. The experiments are performed under conditions that are relevant to rice paddy soils because of the importance of rice in global food production, and the unique management of rice paddies whereby regular flooding during the growing season produces distinct redox cycles. In Thailand, large areas of the Chao Phraya River delta are cultivated as rice paddies despite being acid sulfate soils, providing a suitable site to observe the effects of regular redox cycling on the biogeochemistry of Fe minerals in acid sulfate soils. The thesis begins with characterisation of synthetic and natural jarosite mineral composition and reactivity. Spectroscopic techniques (Raman spectroscopy, M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the element substitution of mineral samples from two jarosite-alunite synthetic solid solution series. The same characterisation techniques were then applied to a sample of jarosite from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand has a natural Al-for-Fe substitution. The mineral characterisation was followed by a transformation experiment in a mixed-suspension system, similar to experimental designs that have been previously used to study mineral transformation processes. The experiment followed the transformation of the natural jarosite sample from an acid sulfate soil in Thailand and three jarosite samples with variable amounts of Al substitution. The reaction solution mimicked the pH (circumneutral) and Fe(II) content (up to 1:1 ratio of Fe(II) in solution to Fe(III) in solids) of flooded acid sulfate soils. Furthermore, using a 57Fe tracer, the simultaneous transformation processes that explained the distribution of mineral products could be resolved from one another. The transformation experiment revealed the relative reactivity of the minerals in the presence of Fe(II), and created a baseline that could be used to compare traditional mixed-suspension experiments with transformations in complex media such as soil. To advance mineral transformation experiments towards studies in which transformation processes may be followed within a soil matrix, several novel techniques were developed. In a first step, ferrihydrite was incubated for up to twelve weeks in microcosms, each containing 300 g of 5 mM CaCl2 solution and 250 g of one of five paddy soils. The ferrihydrite was buried in the soil within a mesh bag (polyethel terephthalate, 51 \u03bcm pores, 30 mm x 12 mm x 3 mm) that allowed free contact between the synthetic minerals and the pore water, but separated the minerals from direct contact with the soil matrix. The mineral products of the transformation were identified and quantified by Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns. Further, the spatial arrangements of the ferrihydrite and transformation products were measured after two weeks by Raman spectroscopy, which could be used to assess the effects of pore water chemistry and diffusion processes on mineral transformation in the mesh bags. The second step involved measuring jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite transformation in flooded topsoil and subsoils from a rice paddy located on the Bangkok Plain in Central Thailand using an adaptation of the mesh bag method. To test the effect of pore water on the transformation of jarosite in soil, mesh bags were filled with synthetic jarosite and aluminium-jarosite and incubated in topsoils and subsoils, both in laboratory mesocosms and directly in the field. Then, the effect of the soil matrix was tested by completing a parallel experiment using mesh bags containing soil that was pre-enriched with synthetic 57Fe-labelled jarosite and aluminium-substituted jarosite. To facilitate the deployment and collection of small mesh bags in large soil volumes, the mesh bags were inserted into soils using custom-designed 3D-printed sample holders. At three timepoints within twelve weeks, one set of mesh bags were removed from the soil. Transformation products were identified and quantified in the pure jarosite and aluminium-jarosite mesh bags using Rietveld fitting of XRD patterns, while the fate of the 57Fe in enriched soil mesh bags was traced using 57Fe M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy. Performing experiments in increasingly complex media provides an insight into the effect of experimental design on the observation of Fe mineral transformations and provides new information regarding the transformation rates and pathways of jarosite and ferrihydrite within full complexity of soil media. Indeed, this thesis demonstrates that the complex chemistry, biological activity, and physical arrangement of components in the soil have strong effects on the rate and products of jarosite and ferrihydrite transformation processes. The transformation of jarosite and Al-substituted jarosite in mixed-suspension experiments presented in this thesis, in agreement with previous mixed-suspension experiments on both jarosite and ferrihydrite, occurred within a matter of hours. By contrast, the rate of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite transformation in soil pore and in direct contact with the soil matrix occurred over the course of several weeks or months. In the ferrihydrite mesh bags, slow ferrihydrite transformation kinetics on the outer rim of the mesh bag, and deep in the core of the mesh bag, indicated that the sorption of chemical components of soil pore water and diffusion limitations of Fe(II) in pore water could be reasons for the slower rates of transformation in soil. In addition, both Al-for-Fe substitution and Fe(II) concentration in solution were important factors that altered the rate of mineral transformation. The different incubation conditions for jarosite and Al-jarosite also altered the products of the transformation. Whereas the hydrolysis of jarosite in the absence of Fe(II) resulted primarily in the formation of ferrihydrite, jarosite transformation in the presence of Fe(II) led to ferrihydrite, goethite and lepidocrocite formation. The Fe oxyhydroxide products were consistent with Fe(II)-catalysed transformation, and Fe(II)-catalysed recrystallisation of jarosite may have occurred concurrently. Aluminium-for-iron substitution hindered the formation of lepidocrocite formation in favour of ferrihydrite and goethite. Similar product phases occurred when jarosite and Al-jarosite were reacted with pore water from acid sulfate soils, indicating that similar transformation pathways may define the mineral products of jarosite transformations when the jarosite occurs as accumulations of pure mineral in soil. However, non- or poorly crystalline phases predominated in the transformation products when jarosite or Al-jarosite were incubated in direct contact with the soil matrix, indicating that the transformation of jarosite under these circumstances was governed by different pathways and processes. The new insights into the transformation of ferrihydrite, jarosite and Al-jarosite in acid sulfate soils demonstrate that phases previously considered meta-stable may participate in the biogeochemistry of soil over period of several months. In the context of rice cultivation, the transformation processes may affect the biogeochemistry of the soils throughout the growing season. The formation of poorly crystalline minerals following the transformation in flooded soils may have positive consequences on the sequestration of other trace and major elements that were associated with the ferrihydrite, jarosite or Al-jarosite prior to the transformation. However, the stabilisation of reduced Fe in the soil matrix may have the opposite effect, promoting the mobility of other ions in solution. The methods used to incubate jarosite and ferrihydrite in soils are easily adaptable to new experimental questions involving the behaviour of Fe-bearing minerals in soil. Therefore, the findings open up a new class of experiments within environmental mineralogy and biogeochemistry, that can help to uncover the processes that occur in the environment and explain the natural variation in the composition of Fe phases in soil.", "keywords": ["jarosite", "iron biogeochemistry", "soil chemistry", "acid sulfate soil", "laboratory study", "ferrihydrite", "soil", "soil incubation", "redox chemistry", "goethite", "iron minerals", "2. Zero hunger", "soil biogeochemistry", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy", "rice paddy soil", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Earth sciences", "lepidocrocite", "field study", "13. Climate action", "Raman spectroscopy", "iron oxyhydroxide", "mineral transformation", "iron minerals; mineral transformation; soil; soil chemistry; soil mineralogy; soil biogeochemistry; redox chemistry; iron biogeochemistry; acid sulfate soil; rice paddy soil; jarosite; ferrihydrite; goethite; lepidocrocite; iron oxyhydroxide; M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; field study; laboratory study; soil incubation", "soil mineralogy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grigg, Andrew R.C.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000648810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Thesis/Dissertation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000648810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000648810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-16", "title": "New Insights from Soil Microorganisms for Sustainable Double Rice-Cropping System with 37-Year Manure Fertilization", "description": "

Long-term intensive use of mineral fertilizers in double rice-cropping systems has led to soil acidification and soil degradation. Manure fertilization was suggested as an alternative strategy to mitigate soil degradation. However, the effects of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on rice grain yield, yield stability, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil total nitrogen (TN) content, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on a long-term experiment established in 1981 in southern China, we compared four treatments: no fertilizer application (Control); application of nitrogen\u2013phosphorus\u2013potassium (NPK); NPK plus green manure in early rice (M1); and M1 plus farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw return in winter (M2). Our results showed that 37 years of NPK, M1, and M2 significantly increased rice grain yield by 54%, 46%, and 72%, and yield stability by 22%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. M1 and M2 significantly increased SOC content by 39% and 23% compared to Control, respectively, whereas there was no difference between Control and NPK. Regarding soil TN content, it was significantly increased by 8%, 46%, and 20% by NPK, M1, and M2, respectively. In addition, M2 significantly increased bacterial OTU richness by 68%, Chao1 index by 79%, and altered the bacterial community composition. Changes in soil nutrient availability and bacterial Simpson index were positively correlated with the changes in grain yield, while shifts in bacterial community were closely related to yield stability. This study provides pioneer comprehensive assessments of the simultaneous responses of grain yield, yield stability, SOC and TN content, nutrient availability, and bacterial community composition to long-term mineral and manure fertilization in a double rice-cropping system. Altogether, this study spanning nearly four decades provides new perspectives for developing sustainable yet intensive rice cultivation to meet growing global demands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "soil nutrient", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "double rice-cropping systems", "bacterial community", "630", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "reddish paddy soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "organic amendment; double rice-cropping systems; bacterial community; reddish paddy soil; soil nutrient; sustainable agriculture", "organic amendment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/261/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy13010261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy13010261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Groundcover Mulching in Mediterranean Vineyards Improves Soil Chemical, Physical and Biological Health Already in the Short Term", "description": "

Vineyards are among the land uses with the highest soil degradation rate in Mediterranean Europe, mainly due to intensive tillage management. Therefore, practices able to foster soil health are critical to promote sustainable wine production. We studied the following treatments in two organic farms in Chianti Classico (Italy): conventional tillage, spontaneous vegetation, pigeon bean (Vicia faba var. minor) incorporated in spring and a mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and squarrosum clover (Trifolium squarrosum), both incorporated and left as mulch. An innovative approach, based on gamma-ray and apparent electrical conductivity, was used to account for the fine-scale soil variability that was included in the statistical model. Mulched groundcovers were associated with higher soil organic matter compared to tillage, already after two years. An increased N availability was found under all groundcovers compared with tillage. The effect of soil management practices on P2O5 strongly varied across farms and years, while it was not statistically significant on K availability. Spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the soil structure index, soil penetration resistance and soil biological health. The results show that mulched groundcovers can improve soil health already in the short term, thereby potentially increasing the sustainability of the wine sector.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture; vite; agricoltura sostenibile; inerbimento; sovescio; colture di copertura; gestione del suolo; lavorazione del terreno; inerbimento permanente; inerbimento spontaneo", "green manure", "S", "cover crop; tillage; green manure; organic farming; sustainable agriculture", "Agriculture", "cover crop", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "sustainable agriculture", "organic farming", "tillage", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/1168505/1/Raffa%20et%20al._2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/541888/1/Warren%20Raffa%20et%20al%20%282021%29_Agronomy.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/787/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040787", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040787"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/1478883", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Phosphorus Fertilization In A Phosphorus-Limited Fen: Effects Of Timing", "description": "

Abstract. Phosphorus availability in low P\uffe2\uff80\uff90soils is primarily controlled by soil processes that are subject to seasonal fluctuation. There is evidence that summer drought causing low fen\uffe2\uff80\uff90water levels induces temporal high P\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability. We investigate here whether and how fen vegetation responds to P\uffe2\uff80\uff90pulses at different times in the season. Plots were fertilized with equal P\uffe2\uff80\uff90doses at three different times in the season. Four conclusions can be drawn from the experiment: 1. The vegetation is able to increase P\uffe2\uff80\uff90uptake independent of the timing of fertilizer application; 2. Early\uffe2\uff80\uff90season fertilization stimulates growth and increases P\uffe2\uff80\uff90concentration in above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground tissue while late\uffe2\uff80\uff90season fertilization does not stimulate growth but strongly increases above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground tissue concentration; 3. Timing effects cause differential species responses: the response of Carex demissa, a stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant species, is truly independent of timing, while Juncus articulatus, a CSR\uffe2\uff80\uff90type species (sensu Grime) profits more from early\uffe2\uff80\uff90season fertilization; 4. Timing effects persist over several years. The differences between the experimental treatment and the events it aimed to simulate are discussed. We expect that higher frequencies of drought events, that may be induced by climate change, will cause a shift from nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90stress tolerant towards stress\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant\uffe2\uff80\uff90competitor fen species.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bart Verhagen, Mohssine El-Kahloun, V\u00e9ronique Van Haesebroeck, Dirk Boeye,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1478883"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/1478883", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/1478883", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/1478883"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.22541/au.160157473.36547808", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-15", "title": "An overview of hydrometeorological datasets from a small agricultural catchment (Nu\u010dice) in the Czech Republic", "description": "Abstract

We introduce the freely available web\uffe2\uff80\uff90based Water in an Agricultural Landscape\uffe2\uff80\uff94NU\uffc4\uff8dice Database (WALNUD) dataset that includes both hydrological and meteorological records at the Nu\uffc4\uff8dice experimental catchment (0.53\uffe2\uff80\uff89km2), which is representative of an intensively farmed landscape in the Czech Republic. The Nu\uffc4\uff8dice experimental catchment was established in 2011 for the observation of rainfall\uffe2\uff80\uff93runoff processes, soil erosion processes, and water balance of a cultivated landscape. The average altitude is 401\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff80\uff89a.s.l., the mean land slope is 3.9%, and the climate is humid continental (mean annual temperature 7.9\uffc2\uffb0C, annual precipitation 630\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm). The catchment is drained by an artificially straightened stream and consists of three fields covering over 95% of the area which are managed by two different farmers. The typical crops are winter wheat, rapeseed, and alfalfa. The installed equipment includes a standard meteorological station, several rain gauges distributed across the basin, and a flume with an H\uffe2\uff80\uff90type facing that is used to monitor stream discharge, water turbidity, and basic water quality indicators. Additionally, the groundwater level and soil water content at various depths near the stream are recorded. Recently, large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale soil moisture monitoring efforts have been introduced with the installation of two cosmic\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray neutron sensors for soil moisture monitoring. The datasets consist of observed variables (e.g. measured precipitation, air temperature, stream discharge, and soil moisture) and are available online for public use. The cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90seasonal, open access datasets at this small\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale agricultural catchment will benefit not only hydrologists but also local farmers.To improve the predictive capability of ecosystem biogeochemical models (EBMs), we discuss the feasibility of formulating biogeochemical processes using physical rules that have underpinned the many successes in computational physics and chemistry. We argue that the currently popular empirically based approaches, such as multiplicative empirical response functions and the law of the minimum, will not lead to EBM formulations that can be continuously refined to incorporate improved mechanistic understanding and empirical observations of biogeochemical processes. Instead, we propose that EBM parameterizations, as a lossy data compression problem, can be better formulated using established physical rules widely used in computational physics and chemistry, and different biogeochemical processes can be more robustly integrated within a reactive\uffe2\uff80\uff90transport framework. Through several examples, we demonstrate how mathematical representations derived from physical rules can improve understanding of relevant biogeochemical processes and enable more effective communication between modelers, observationalists, and experimentalists regarding essential questions, such as what measurements are needed to meaningfully inform models and how can models generate new process\uffe2\uff80\uff90level hypotheses to test in empirical studies. Finally, while empirical models with more parameters are often less robust, physical rules\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can be more robust and show lower predictive equifinality, stemming from their enhanced consistency in representations of processes, interactions and spatial scaling.