{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "3211739244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-08", "title": "Quantifying Cereal Productivity on Sandy Soil in Response to Some Soil-Improving Cropping Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Little information is available on the effect of soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on crop productivity on low fertility sandy soils although they are increasingly being used in agriculture in many regions of the world due to the growing demand for food. The study aimed at quantifying the effect of four soil-improving cropping systems applied on sandy soil on cereal productivity (yield of grain and straw and plant height) in a 4-year field experiment conducted in Poland with spring cereal crops: oat (2017), wheat (2018), wheat (2019), and oat (2020). The experiment included the control (C) and the following SICS: liming (L), leguminous catch crops for green manure (LU), farmyard manure (M), and farmyard manure + liming + leguminous catch crops for green manure together (M + L + LU). To quantify the effect of the SICS, classic statistics and the Bland\u2013Altman method were used. It was shown that all yield trait components significantly increased in the last study year (2020) under SICS with M and M + L + LU. All yield trait components were significantly lower in the dry years (2018\u20132019) than in the wet years (2017 and 2020). The relatively large rainfall quantity in May during intensive growth at shooting and the scarce precipitation during later growth in the dry year 2019 resulted in a significantly greater straw yield compared to the other dry year 2018. The values of Bland\u2013Altman bias (mean difference between the particular SICS and the control) varied (in kg m\u22122) from \u22120.002 for LU in 2019 to 0.128 for M and 0.132 for M + L + LU in 2020. The highest limits of agreement (LoA) were in general noted for all yield trait components (the least even yield) in the most productive SICS including M and M + L + LU in the wet year 2020. The Bland\u2013Altman ratio (BAR) values indicate that quantification of the effects of all soil-improving practices was most uncertain in the dry year 2018 for the grain yield and in the wet year 2020 for the straw yield and much less uncertain for the plant height in all SICS and study years. The results of this study provide helpful information about the effect of the SICS on the different yield trait components depending on the period of their application and weather conditions prevailing during the growing season.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bland\u2013Altman statistics", "S", "soil improving practices", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Podzol soil", "crop response", "weather conditions"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1199/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3211739244"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3211739244", "name": "item", "description": "3211739244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3211739244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "Non-Linear Response Of Microbial Activity Across A Gradient Of Nitrogen Addition To A Soil From The Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China", "description": "Abstract   Identifying the patterns of soil microbial responses to increasing nitrogen (N) availability are important since microbial processes are related to the potential nutrient transformations. The effects of the addition of N to the soil microbial community of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, are described in this paper. The study was conducted over a two-year period with trials commencing at the beginning of each growing season. Soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass and microbial community level physiological profile (CLPP) were determined at 0\u20135\u00a0cm and 5\u201310\u00a0cm soil depths. Nitrogen was added to the soil at five rates plus a control, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 24\u00a0g\u00a0N\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121. We hypothesized that soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass N (MBN) would firstly increase and then decrease, and CLPP would be altered with increasing N addition, due to the deleterious effects of higher N addition upon microbial activity. Because of the relatively higher organic matter in the upper depth of soil layers, we further hypothesized that the responses of microbial activities in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth would be more marked than at 5\u201310\u00a0cm. In partial support of our hypothesis, soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and nutrient concentrations responded to N addition with the most significant changes occurring in the 0\u20135\u00a0cm soil depth. Addition of N resulted in an increase in MBN and a decrease in urease activity. Invertase and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) activities increased at low doses of N addition and showed a decrease at higher doses. There was no evidence of change in oxidative enzyme activity at low N treatments but activity decreased at high N additions. However, the CLPP was not affected by N addition. The results of this study suggest that N supplementation in this desert soil may affect C transformation, increase availability of N and P, and immobilize N in the microbial biomass. Responses of the enzyme activity to N supplementation occurred within the context of an apparently stable or unresponsive microbial community structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-30", "title": "The Impact Of Alternative Cropping Systems On Global Warming Potential, Grain Yield And Groundwater Use", "description": "Abstract   The large consumption of groundwater for irrigating winter wheat has resulted in a continuous decline in the groundwater table on the North China Plain in recent decades. Alternative cropping systems have been proposed to substitute for the conventional winter wheat\u2013summer maize rotation system for the sustainable use of groundwater in the future. However, the impact of these cropping systems on net global warming potential (net GWP), and greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of per unit of yield (greenhouse gas intensity, GHGI) is poorly documented. Measurements of greenhouse gases were conducted over a four-year period to gain insight into net GWP and GHGI on a crop rotation scale based on an ongoing long-term field experiment on the North China Plain. The cropping systems investigated include one conventional winter wheat\u2013summer maize system (Chem. W/M) as the control and four alternative cropping systems, namely an optimized winter wheat\u2013summer maize system (Opt. W/M), two winter wheat\u2013summer maize (or soybean)\u2013spring maize system with three crops in two years (W/M\u2013M, W/S\u2013M), and a single spring maize per year (M). Compared with the Chem. W/M control, the grain yields in Opt. W/M increased significantly by 19% while the net GWP, GHGI and fertilizer N decreased by 29%, 40% and 40%, respectively, but still consumed as much groundwater (264\u00a0mm\u00a0yr\u22121) as Chem. W/M. In the two-year rotation cycle fertilizer N, groundwater use, net GWP and GHGI in W/M\u2013M, W/S\u2013M and M declined by 56\u201370%, 43\u201363%, 50\u201358% and 30\u201350%, respectively, compared to Chem. W/M. Moreover, these cropping systems consumed only 108\u2013159\u00a0mm\u00a0yr\u22121 groundwater for irrigation, a value close to the theoretical value of 150\u00a0mm\u00a0yr\u22121 to avoid a continuing decline in the groundwater table in this region. However, W/S\u2013M treatment had grain yield reductions of \u221223% and M treatment had \u221230%, and only W/M\u2013M maintained grain yields relative to Chem. W/M. We therefore recommend the W/M\u2013M management package as a preferred option to maintain grain yields together with low GWP and GHGI while mitigating the decline in the groundwater table in areas with a high water deficit.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2726", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-23", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Had A Poor Impact On The Soil Porosity Of Veneto Low-Lying Plain Silty Soils After A 5-Year Transition Period", "description": "Abstract<p>Conservation agriculture practices have been proposed as a set of techniques for improving soil structure properties and related ecosystem services. This study compared conservation agriculture (CA) practices (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, cover crop and residue retention) and conventional intensive tillage system in order to evaluate their effects on total porosity, pore size distribution, pore architecture and morphology. The experiment was set up in 2010 on four farms of the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying Veneto Region plain characterized by silty soils. Almost hundred soil samples were collected in 2015 at four depths down to 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer and investigated for porosity from micrometre (0\uffc2\uffb70074\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) to macrometre (2\uffc2\uffb75\uffc2\uffa0mm) by coupling mercury intrusion porosimetry and X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed microtomography (\uffce\uffbcCT). Indices of soil morphology and architecture were derived by analysing 3D images and mercury intrusion porosimetry pore size curves. Results suggested that silty soils of Veneto plain are microstructured because much (82%) of the porosity ranged between 0\uffc2\uffb70074 and 30\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm. CA practices positively influenced the ultramicroporosity class (0\uffc2\uffb71\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm) (1\uffc2\uffb786E\uffe2\uff80\uff9001 vs 1\uffc2\uffb767E\uffe2\uff80\uff9001\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm3\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm\uffe2\uff88\uff923) that is strictly linked to soil organic carbon stabilization while no effects were observed in X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray \uffce\uffbcCT porosity domain (&gt; 26\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcm). Silty soils of Veneto plain showed a slow reaction to CA because of the poor aggregate stability and low soil organic carbon. However, the positive response of the ultramicropore fraction indicates that a virtuous cycle was initiated between soil organic carbon and porosity, hopefully leading to well\uffe2\uff80\uff90developed macropore systems and, in turn, enhanced soil functions and ecosystem services. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation agriculture; Mercury intrusion porosimetry; Pore morphology and architecture; Pore size distribution; X-ray computed microtomography; Environmental Chemistry; Development3304 Education; 2300; Soil Science", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2726"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2726", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2726", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2726"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-11", "title": "Timber tensile strength in mixed stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).", "description": "Abstract<p>The conversion to climate-stable, resilient and productive forests has resulted in an increasing share of mixed stands. Different growth conditions and silvicultural treatments lead to an increased scatter in strength compared to what is expected from monoculture experience. The study (i) quantified the magnitude of variation in strength of European beech timber from stands of different composition and (ii) showed the impact of grading on the characteristic strength value of timber coming from those stands. Strength grading models and machine settings for hardwood tensile classes on over 900 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards were derived. One model used only the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn), and a more complex model used a knot value in addition. Afterwards, 407 boards from pure beech stands as well as mixed stands of beech with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were graded and analyzed for their material properties from tension tests parallel to grain. Although a variance components analysis attributed only 4.2% of the variation to mixture, the ungraded timber showed significant strength differences between the pure and the beech-pine stands (65.2 versus 46.6\uffc2\uffa0MPa). The yield of the material graded to the highest class in a class combination was higher in pure beech stands. The required characteristic strength values were mostly met for boards from the pure stands; while boards from the beech-pine mixed stands hardly ever reached the required values. To reduce strength variation and guarantee reliable timber products, strength grading should consider the various growth situations in forests when sampling material for the derivation of settings.</p>", "keywords": ["690", "0106 biological sciences", "Original ; Wood Science & Technology ; Ceramics", " Glass", " Composites", " Natural Materials ; Manufacturing", " Machines", " Tools", " Processes", "ddc:630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ddc:"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wood%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-04-30", "title": "Effect Of 35 Years Inorganic Fertilizer And Manure Amendment On Structure Of Bacterial And Archaeal Communities In Black Soil Of Northeast China", "description": "Abstract   Black soil is common in northeast China and plays an important role in Chinese crop production. However, in the past three decades, inappropriate use of fertilizer has caused a sequence of agroecological issues. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of long-term fertilizer on the microbial communities in black soil. The soil was subjected to four fertilization regimes: without fertilizer (CK); manure (M); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic fertilizer (NPK); and inorganic fertilizers with manure (MNPK). The soil pH was decreased by inorganic fertilizers and increased by manure. Quantitative PCR analysis of microbial community size and Illumina platform-based analysis of the V4 16S rRNA gene region were performed to characterize soil microbial abundance and to compare community structure and diversity. Microbial community size was enhanced by the incorporation of inorganic fertilizer and manure. Microbial diversity was decreased by inorganic fertilizer and increased by the incorporation of inorganic fertilizer and manure. The predominate phyla in all samples were Proteobacteria (29.39\u201333.48%), Acidobacteria (13.14\u201316.25%) and Actinobacteria (9.32\u201310.77%). The relative abundance of different classes significantly differed among the different treatments, especially MNPK and NPK. Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively stable in organic fertilizer treated soil. Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were sensitive to all the fertilization regimes. Comparatively, Spartobacteria was stable in response to fertilization practices. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that microbial communities were primarily clustered into three groups: CK and M were clustered together; MNPK was improved by manure and separated from NPK. Shannon and Simpson indexes were significantly correlated with soil pH and the concentrations of available phosphorus and total phosphorus. Redundancy analysis indicates that microbial communities were closely positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen concentration (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and pH (P\u00a0=\u00a00.002). These results indicate that inorganic fertilizer plus manure increased microbial size and diversity and changed microbial composition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Li, Dawei Guan, Baoku Zhou, Jun Li, Xin Jiang, Baisuo Zhao, Jing Zhou, Fengming Cao, Jianli Ding, Mingchao Ma,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.04.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-10", "title": "Carbon Availability Controls The Growth Of Detritivores (Lumbricidae) And Their Effect On Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Activity of soil decomposer microorganisms is generally limited by carbon availability, but factors controlling saprophagous soil animals remain largely unknown. In contrast to microorganisms, animals are unable to exploit mineral nutrient pools. Therefore, it has been suggested that soil animals, and earthworms in particular, are limited by the availability of nitrogen. In contrast to this view, a strong increase in density and biomass of endogeic earthworms in response to labile organic carbon addition has been documented in field experiments. The hypothesis that the growth of endogeic earthworms is primarily limited by carbon availability was tested in a laboratory experiment lasting for 10 weeks. In addition, it was investigated whether the effects of earthworms on microbial activity and nutrient mineralization depend on the availability of carbon resources. We manipulated food availability to the endogeic earthworm species Octolasion tyrtaeum by using two soils with different organic matter content, providing access to different amounts of soil, and adding labile organic carbon (glucose) enriched in (13)C. Glucose addition strongly increased the growth of O. tyrtaeum. From 8 to 17% of the total C in earthworm tissue was assimilated from the glucose added. Soil microbial biomass was not strongly affected by the addition of glucose, though basal respiration was significantly increased and up to 50% of the carbon added as glucose was incorporated into soil organic matter. The impact of earthworms on the mineralization and leaching of nitrogen depended on C availability. As expected, in C-limited soil, the presence of earthworms strongly increased nitrogen leaching. However, when C availability was increased by the addition of glucose, this pattern was reversed, i.e. the presence of O. tyrtaeum decreased nitrogen leaching and its availability to soil microflora. We conclude that irrespective of the total carbon content of soils, O. tyrtaeum was primarily limited by carbon, and that increased carbon availability allowed earthworms to be more effective in mobilizing N. The presence of earthworms increases C limitation of soil microorganisms, due to increased availability of N and P in earthworm casts or a direct depletion of easily available carbon resources by earthworms.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-01", "title": "Effects Of Fire On Properties Of Forest Soils: A Review", "description": "Many physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological soil properties can be affected by forest fires. The effects are chiefly a result of burn severity, which consists of peak temperatures and duration of the fire. Climate, vegetation, and topography of the burnt area control the resilience of the soil system; some fire-induced changes can even be permanent. Low to moderate severity fires, such as most of those prescribed in forest management, promote renovation of the dominant vegetation through elimination of undesired species and transient increase of pH and available nutrients. No irreversible ecosystem change occurs, but the enhancement of hydrophobicity can render the soil less able to soak up water and more prone to erosion. Severe fires, such as wildfires, generally have several negative effects on soil. They cause significant removal of organic matter, deterioration of both structure and porosity, considerable loss of nutrients through volatilisation, ash entrapment in smoke columns, leaching and erosion, and marked alteration of both quantity and specific composition of microbial and soil-dwelling invertebrate communities. However, despite common perceptions, if plants succeed in promptly recolonising the burnt area, the pre-fire level of most properties can be recovered and even enhanced. This work is a review of the up-to-date literature dealing with changes imposed by fires on properties of forest soils. Ecological implications of these changes are described.", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Fire", " Forest ecosystems", " Forest soils", " Soil ecology", " Soil properties.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Invertebrates", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Fires", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "CERTINI, GIACOMO", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-11", "title": "Effect Of Grazing Intensity On Protozoan Community, Microbial Biomass, And Enzyme Activity In An Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "The alpine meadow has received mounting attention due to its degradation resulting from overgrazing on the Tibetan Plateau. However, belowground biotic characteristics under varied grazing stresses in this ecosystem are poorly understood. Here, the responses of soil protozoan abundance, community composition, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity to five grazing patterns including (1) artificial grassland without grazing (AG), (2) winter grazing (WG), (3) grazing for 7\u00a0months within a fence (GF), (4) continuous grazing for a whole year (CG), and (5) natural heavy grazing (HG) were investigated for two continuous years. Soil protozoan community composition was investigated using the most possible number (MPN) method, and soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were analyzed using chloroform fumigation extraction and substrate utilization methods, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple comparisons, and correlation analysis were together performed. The WG treatment had the highest abundance of total protozoa (2342\u20132524\u00a0cell\u00a0g\u22121). Compared with AG treatment, HG treatment significantly reduced the abundance of soil total, flagellate and ciliate protozoa, and protease activities in 2012 and 2013. Significantly, lower soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) was also observed in the HG (6.60 and 14.6\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121) than those in other four treatments (22.3\u201382.9\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121) both in 2012 and 2013, whereas significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was observed in HG than that in AG treatment in 2012. Moreover, significantly positive correlations were detected between the abundance of soil protozoa and soil moisture, pH, organic C, total N, and MBN. Our results indicated that soil protozoa showed a negative response to increasing grazing intensities and therefore, suggesting that aboveground grazing practices also exerted strong impact on belowground protozoa, not only on soil microbial characteristics. Soil protozoan community composition was apparently different between the HG treatment and other four grazing patterns and was potentially impacted by altered soil properties and MBC and/or MBN. Our results suggested that moderate grazing may sustain better belowground biotic diversity and ecosystem functioning in this alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-14", "title": "Surface Organic Carbon Enrichment To Explain Greater Co2 Emissions From Short-Term No-Tilled Soils", "description": "The impact of agricultural practices on CO2 emissions from soils needs to be understood and quantified to enhance ecosystem functions, especially the ability of soils to sequester atmospheric carbon (C), while enhancing food and biomass production. The objective of this study was to assess CO2 emissions in the soil surface following tillage abandonment and to investigate some of the underlying soil physical, chemical and biological controls. Maize (Zea mays) was planted under conventional tillage (T) and no-tillage (NT), both without crop residues under smallholder farming conditions in Potshini, South Africa. Intact top-soil (0\u20130.05 m) core samples (N = 54) from three 5 \u00d7 15 m2 plots per treatment were collected two years after conversion of T to NT to evaluate the short-term CO2 emissions. Depending on the treatment, cores were left intact, compacted by 5 and 10 or had surface crusts removed. They were incubated for 20 days with measurements of CO2 fluxes twice a day during the first three days and once a day thereafter. Soil organic C (SOC) content, soil bulk density (\u03c1b), aggregate stability, soil organic matter quality, and microbial biomass and its activity were evaluated at the onset of the incubation. CO2 emissions were 22% lower under NT compared with T with CO2 emissions of 0.9 \u00b1 0.10 vs 1.1 \u00b1 0.10 mg C\u2013CO2 gC\u22121 day\u22121 under NT and T, respectively, suggesting greater SOC protection under NT. However, there were greater total CO2 emissions per unit of surface by 9% under NT compared to T (1.15 \u00b1 0.03 vs 1.05 \u00b1 0.04 g C\u2013CO2 m\u22122 day\u22121). SOC protection significantly increased with the increase in soil bulk density (r = 0.89) and aggregate stability (from 1.7 \u00b1 0.25 mm to 2.3 \u00b1 0.31, r = 0.50), and to the decrease in microbial biomass and its activity (r = \u22120.59 and \u22120.57, respectively). In contrast, the greater NT CO2 emissions per m2 were explained by top-soil enrichment in SOC by 48% (from 12.4 \u00b1 0.2 to 19.1 \u00b1 0.4 g kg\u22121, r = 0.59). These results on the soil controls of tillage impact on CO2 emissions are expected to inform on the required shifts in agricultural practices for enhancing C sequestration in soils. In the context of the study, any mechanism favoring aggregate stability and promoting SOC allocation deep in the soil profile rather than in the top-soil would greatly diminish soil CO2 outputs and thus stimulate C sequestration.", "keywords": ["550", "non travail du sol", "ma\u00efs", "No-tillage", "no-tillage", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Soil Science", "maize", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Sciences de la Terre", "dioxyde de carbone", "non labour", "Climate change", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du sol", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "carbon dioxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "No-tillage;Carbon dioxide;Climate change;Maize;Small holders;Africa", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "climate change", "Small holders", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "\u00e9mission d'azote", "Africa", "8. Economic growth", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "afrique du sud", "small holders", "azote du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-06", "title": "Long-Term Fertilization Effects On Grain Yield, Water-Use Efficiency And Soil Fertility In The Dryland Of Loess Plateau In China", "description": "Abstract   Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) rotation system is important for food security in the Loess Plateau of China. Grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE: grain yield per unit of water consumed) trends, and changes in soil properties during a 24-year fertilization experiment in Pingliang, Gansu, China, were recorded. Mean yields of wheat for the 16 years started in 1981 ranged from 1.29\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 for the unfertilized plots (CK) to 4.71\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 for the plots that received manure (M) annually with inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers (MNP). Corn yields for the 6 years started in 1979 averaged 2.29 and 5.61\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the same treatments. Yields and WUEs declined significantly with lapse of time except CK and MNP for wheat. Wheat yields with the N and M declined at rate of 77 and 81\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, but the decline of 57\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for NP was similar to that of 61\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for straw with N annually and P every second year (SNP). Likewise, the corn yields and WUEs declined from 160 to 250\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and from 0.01 to 0.03\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123\u00a0year\u22121 among treatments, respectively. These declines were likely to loss of soil fertility and gradual dry weather. Yields were significantly correlated with seasonal evapotranspiration with slopes ranging from 0.5 to 1.27\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for wheat and from 1.15 to 2.03\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for corn. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), and total P (TP) gradually built up with time except the CK, in which TN and TP remained unchanged but SOC and available P (AP) decreased. Soil AP decreased in the N. Soil available K declined rapidly without straw or manure. Balanced fertilization should be encouraged to ensure sustainable productivity in this intensive cropping system. The greatest SOC increases of about 160\u00a0mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 occurred in the SNP and MNP, suggesting that long-term additions of organic materials to soil could increase soil water-holding capacity which, in return, improves water availability to plants and arrests yield declines, and decrease CO2 emission from agricultural soils and sustain land productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Luo Junjie, Wang Yong, Tinglu Fan, Zhou Guangye, Bob A. Stewart,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2004.09.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-08", "title": "Microbial Biomass, Enzyme Activities And Microbial Community Structure In Two European Long-Term Field Experiments", "description": "Abstract   An understanding of agroecosystems is the key to estimate the influence of agricultural production methods on the environment, including soil, water and air quality. The present study aimed to contribute to the insufficient knowledge of functional and structural soil microbial properties influenced by organic and inorganic fertilisation and climatic conditions at two European long-term field experiments. Soil microbial biomass, activities of alkaline phosphatases, \u03b2-glucosidases and proteases, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles were evaluated in soils from three different fertiliser treatments (inorganic, NPK; farmyard manure, FYM; without, CON) at two sites (Bad Lauchstadt, Germany and Keszthely, Hungary). The results showed that Corg and Nt concentrations were significantly higher in the FYM plots compared to the NPK amendments or CON. Furthermore, increases were observed in the Cmic and the enzyme activities of FYM-fertilised treatments in the soil at Bad Lauchstadt. NPK fertilisation significantly decreased Cmic in the soil at Keszthely, whereas FYM increased the activity of \u03b2-glucosidases. Ecophysiological parameters (Cmic-to-Corg and qCO2) revealed a clear climatic influence on edaphic properties. The profiles of 28 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess whether observed changes in functional microbial parameters were accompanied by changes in the composition of the microbial communities after FYM and NPK amendments. The results of principal component analyses indicate that the communities of the autochthonous microflora differed between the two sites and three treatments. Bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotes were responsible for these differences. The results support the hypothesis that fertilisation in general and its forms (organic versus inorganic) affect important functional and structural soil microbial properties. PLFA analysis proved to be a more sensitive indicator than functional parameters.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Uwe Langer, Livia B\u00f6hme, Frank B\u00f6hme,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.01.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-19", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics After Deforestation Along A Farm Field Chronosequence In Southern Highlands Of Ethiopia", "description": "Abstract   Depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) is a major component of soil degradation that threatens the sustainability of smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia. In this study, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) dynamics following deforestation and subsequent cultivation were evaluated using natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a farm field chronosequence cleared from tropical dry Afromontane forest in south central Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from five closely located farm fields cultivated for 7, 10, 26, 34 and 53 years after clearance and from an adjacent natural forest soil. All the soils in the study were Mollic Andosols/Humic Haplustands. The \u03b413C values of the SOC of the farm fields in the 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm layers were significantly elevated compared to the natural forest soil. In the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer, the lowest \u03b413C value of \u221223.17\u2030\u00b10.36 was recorded from the natural forest soil and the highest value of \u221215.7\u2030\u00b11.50 from the 53-year-old farm field. Fractionation of the SOC of the bulk soil based on the \u03b413C values showed that in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer the SOC of the forest origin declined by 74.6%, which is equivalent to 54.1 Mg C ha\u22121 or 740\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, where as SOC input from the agricultural crops was low (240\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). However, part of the SOC of the forest origin lost from the surface 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer was translocated to the 10\u201320\u00a0cm layer. The SOC derived natural forest approached steady state around 30 years after cultivation while the SOC derived from agricultural crops reached steady state already after 10 years. The results show that the remaining forest derived SOC is recalcitrant while the SOC derived from agricultural crops has a relatively short mean residence time. The soils of the farm fields also showed increasing \u03b415N values indicating a loss of N from the system. The increasing \u03b415N values were consistent with the loss of total N along the chronosequence. A continued loss of N combined with insufficient input of fertilizer will result in a decreased productivity of the studied farming systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mats Olsson, Mulugeta Lemenih, Erik Karltun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-09", "title": "Prescribed Fire And Grazing Effects On Carbon Dynamics In A Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie", "description": "Rangelands are complex systems that occupy more than 50% of the land area in the world. Carbon cycling on rangelands is generally understood, but details concerning agricultural management practices of prescribed fire and grazing are not well defined. Field experiments were conducted on northern mixedgrass prairie in eastern Montana with undisturbed, burned, and grazed treatments established in 2003. Designated plots were burned during the dormant season (December) in 2003. Grazing occurred in 2004 and 2005, removing 45\u201350% of then currently available leaf area. Responses were evaluated monthly from April to October of 2004 and 2005. Abiotic measurements included: precipitation, soil water content, photosynthetically active solar radiation, and temperatures of soil and leaves. Biotic responses were: standing crop, leaf area, root mass to a soil depth of 30 cm, and CO2 fluxes above the mixed-grass prairie canopy and bare soil. Moisture available to the northern mixed-grass prairie system at this location was the primary identifiable factor that either directly or indirectly controlled much of the CO2 flux. Treatment effects on seasonal changes in soil water content were consistent across years, with grazed and undisturbed plots being similar. Burned plots had less soil water content than grazed or undisturbed plots in late spring and early summer with soil water content becoming similar across all treatments in late summer and into autumn. Despite differences in soil water content, CO2 fluxes above either burned or undisturbed plots were dynamically similar. However, peak CO2 flux of grazed plots was shifted one month earlier in 2004 and was decreased in 2005, relative to the undisturbed and burned plots. Over the course of this experiment, cumulative CO2 flux on the grazed plots was 72% of that on the burned and undisturbed plots. Depending on conditions during the growing season, C removed from northern mixed-grass prairie rangeland may not be re-sequestered during the growing season immediately post-burning. We conclude that the studied ecosystem is unlikely to sequester considerable C, irrespective of imposed agricultural practices, due to the relatively low CO2 flux and the small magnitude of treatment observed. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-28", "title": "Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Sequestration As Affected By Long-Term Tillage, Cropping Systems, And Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources", "description": "Abstract   Disposal of poultry litter, a widely available organic manure in the southeastern USA because of a large-scale poultry industry, is a major concern because of its contamination in surface- and groundwater through N leaching and P runoff. Application of poultry litter in no-tilled intensive cropping system could increase soil C and N sequestration compared with the conventional-tilled system with inorganic N fertilization and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the 10-year effects of tillage, cropping systems, and N fertilizer sources on crop residue (stems\u00a0+\u00a0leaves) production and soil bulk density, organic C (SOC), and total N (STN) at the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth in Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, and Typic Paleudults) in northern AL, USA. Treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), mulch till (MT), and conventional till (CT)], two cropping systems [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)\u2013cotton\u2013corn (Zea mays L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)/cotton\u2013rye/cotton\u2013corn], and two N fertilization sources and rates (0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 from NH4NO3, and 100 and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 from poultry litter) in randomized complete block with three replications. Rye was grown as winter cover crop and corn as residual crop without tillage and fertilization. Mean crop residue returned to the soil from 1997 to 2005 was greater in rye/cotton\u2013rye/cotton\u2013corn than in cotton\u2013cotton\u2013corn and greater with NH4NO3 than with poultry litter at 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121. While SOC and STN concentrations at 10\u201320\u00a0cm after 10 years were not influenced by treatments, SOC and STN contents at 0\u201320\u00a0cm were greater with poultry litter than with NH4NO3 in NT and CT. These resulted in a C sequestration rate of 510\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and N sequestration rates of 41\u201349\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 with poultry litter compared with \u2212120 to 147\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and \u221223 to \u22123\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, respectively, with NH4NO3. Cropping and fertilization sequestered C at 730\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 and N at 67\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 compared with fallow and no-fertilization in NT. Tillage and cropping system did not influence SOC and STN. Long-term poultry litter application or continuous cropping can sequester C and N in the soil compared with inorganic N fertilization or fallow, thereby increasing soil quality and productivity and reducing the potentials for N leaching and greenhouse gas emission.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Upendra M. Sainju, Zachary N. Senwo, Ermson Z. Nyakatawa, Irenus A. Tazisong, K. Chandra Reddy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-02", "title": "Thinning And Recovery Effects On Soil Properties In Two Sites Of A Mediterranean Forest, In Cuenca Mountain (South-Eastern Of Spain)", "description": "Abstract   Thinning effects on soil microbial activity and biomass in two sites of a Mediterranean forest, in Cuenca Mountain (South-eastern of Spain), were compared 2\u20136\u00a0years following treatments. In order to study changes in these properties, five plots were established; three plots in mature natural site dominated by  Pinus pinaster  and  Quercus ilex  and two plots post-wildfire natural regeneration site dominated by  Quercus ilex . In each site, a silviculture treatment of thinning had been previously carried out, while the other was left as a forest control. Soil samples were taken during the dry season (July 2010) and after the first autumn rains (October 2010). The experiment consisted on a nested factorial design with two factors: the site (two levels: mature natural and regenerated) and thinning treatment nested within site effect (three levels in mature natural site: control, thinned in 2002 and thinned in 2004, and two levels within regenerated site: control and thinned in 2008).Several sensitive variables related to the soil microbial activity such as soil respiration and biomass carbon and some enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, \u03b2-glucosidase and dehydrogenase) were evaluated. Physical and chemical soil variables (organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, conductivity and carbonates) were also measured. These variables of forest soil in autumn were highest that in summer. Also the results showed that thinning have a significant effect on soil microbiological variables and soil enzymatic activities. Thinning operations tended to alter soil variables and highly reduced the organic matter content. A significant correlation was also found between microbiological and biochemical variables and physic chemical variables, organic matter and total nitrogen. Adaptative management forest plans should consider these results in order to achieve sustainable forest management, especially in the context of soil quality and Mediterranean forest subjected to wildfire disturbances.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-02", "title": "Analysis Of The Sustainability Within The Composite Swidden Agroecosystem In Northern Vietnam", "description": "Abstract   Composite swiddening is defined as an agroecosystem that integrates upland rotating crop/fallow plots and downstream permanent wet rice fields into a single household resource system. Analyses of partial N, P, K nutrient balances in upland fields were followed over a 5-year period in northern Vietnam comparing two shifting cultivation intensities (4-year rice ( Oryza sativa )-rice-cassava-cassava ( Manihot esculenta  Crantz), and 2-year rice-cassava cropping cycles) and a secondary forest. Nutrient inputs by forest burning, seeds, atmospheric deposition and output by erosion, runoff, leaching, rice straw burning and off-take in crop produce were determined. Burning of a 12-year fallow plot resulted in only moderate nutrient recycling via ashes and unburned plant materials (12.5, 2.8 and 29.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, and K, respectively) but losses (off-take and atmospheric) from the field of 91, 82 and 70% of N, P, and K, respectively of nutrients contained in plant biomass. Economic yields of rice and cassava declined rapidly with successive cropping cycles. Average yearly atmospheric depositions amounted to 29, 7, and 37\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of total N, P, and K, respectively. Yearly runoff and erosion (7\u201323\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) were significantly higher from cropping systems than from secondary forest plots (0\u20133\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ). Yearly nutrient balances in the experimental upland fields were negative for total N, P, and K during the cropping period but on average positive for N (7\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) and P (4.1\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121 ) in the secondary forest. In the more intensively managed upland fields about 139, 11, and 1600\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  of N, P, K, respectively were lost during 4 years of cropping, with less losses occurring in the 2-year cropping cycle. If nutrient losses from forest burning were also taken into account, the cumulative nutrient losses over 5 years were 247\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  and 23\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha \u22121  in the 4-year cropping system. The main pathway of total nutrient losses was erosion during cropping cycles but runoff during fallow periods. Soil analysis confirmed declining organic matter and N contents with increasing cropping cycles and partial recovery during fallow phases. It was estimated that fallows lasting up to 37 (incl. recovery of N losses from burning) years would be needed to restore N, and up to 6 years to restore P balances. With current fallow periods being mostly substantially shorter (about 4\u20136 years) the negative nutrient balances and soil erosion pose a serious threat to long-term sustainability of these upland fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-13", "title": "Effect Of Soil Structure Disturbance On Erosion And Phosphorus Losses From Finnish Clay Soil", "description": "Abstract   No-till (NT) has proved to be an effective method to reduce erosion and losses of particulate phosphorus (PP) from fields to watercourses. However, the accumulation of P in the uppermost soil layer and the increased leaching risk of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in surface runoff reduce the environmental benefits of NT. The objective of this study was to determine whether the concentration of DRP in percolates could be decreased by mixing surface soil (0\u20135\u00a0cm) and deeper soil layers (5\u201320\u00a0cm) and how this affects erosion. We also tested the impact of high ionic strength on erosion from undisturbed and disturbed soil columns.  Soil samples were collected from conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 5 years) plots from a clay field (Vertic Cambisol) at 0\u20132.5, 2.5\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. Moreover, undisturbed and disturbed soil columns representing the same plots were saturated with water in the laboratory and allowed to drain. The physico-chemical properties of the percolates were analysed to unravel the impact of cultivation methods and disruption of the aggregate structure. To see the effect of high ionic strength on detachment of soil particles, the soil columns were leached with ammonium acetate solution.  The low pH of NT surface soil had enhanced the sorption of P and easily-soluble P had accumulated in the uppermost soil layer. Surprisingly, this enrichment did not increase the DRP concentration in the percolates when water percolated through the 0\u20135 or 0\u201320\u00a0cm soil layers. Disruption of the aggregate structure increased the turbidity and concentrations of suspended solids and PP in the percolates. In the NT samples, this action increased the concentration of DRP relatively more than in the CT samples. When the disturbed soil columns were leached with a solution of high ionic strength, the turbidity of the eluates was almost as low as before the breakage.  To prevent erosion and the leaching of PP and DRP, we have to ensure an even water infiltration by improving the soil structure and by avoiding the disruption of stabilized aggregates. Ploughing the surface layer of NT soil can be recommended only if erosion from the field can be kept under control.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "eroosio", "erosion potential", "no-tillage", "undisturbed soil colums", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "erosion", "6. Clean water", "ploughing", "kynt\u00f6", "maan rakenne", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka", "phosphorus", "soil structure", "fosfori"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-28", "title": "Pedogenic Thresholds And Soil Process Domains In Basalt-Derived Soils", "description": "Pedogenic thresholds occur where soil properties change abruptly and/or nonlinearly with a small increment in environmental forcing; soil process domains are the regions between thresholds where soils change much more gradually across a large range of environmental forcing. We evaluated thresholds and domains in basalt-derived soils on two rainfall gradients in Hawaii\u2014one from 260 to 3,540 mm/y precipitation on 150,000-year-old substrate, the other from 600 to 3,760 mm/y on 4,100,000-year-old substrate. We identified thresholds associated with the initiation of biological uplift of nutrients at about 700 mm/y on the younger substrate, the depletion of primary minerals at about 2,100 mm/y on the younger and about 900 mm/y on the older substrate, and the initiation of anoxic conditions and associated Fe mobility at about 2,500 mm/y on the older substrate. These thresholds delineated process domains characterized by pedogenic carbonate accumulation and wind erosion (dry young substrate); by weathering and biological uplift of nutrients (intermediate rainfall young substrate and dry old substrate); by surface Fe enrichment and nutrient depletion (wet young substrate and intermediate rainfall old substrate); and by Fe mobilization and loss (wet old substrate). Soils on the older substrate were more highly weathered, lower in total and available P, and characterized by more crystalline clays than otherwise comparable soils on the younger substrate. Prior to European contact, Hawaiian cultivators developed an intensive rainfed agricultural system in the weathering/biological uplift domain on the younger substrate; we suggest that only this domain could support indigenous agricultural intensification in upland soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "biological uplift", "pedogenic threshold", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Hawaii", "gradient", "weathering", "Environmental Chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "indigenous agriculture", "process domain", "Environmental Sciences", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "basalt-derived soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Vitousek, Peter M, Chadwick, Oliver A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt0267w3mm/qt0267w3mm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-013-9690-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-18", "title": "Agroforestry systems: Meta-analysis of soil carbon stocks, sequestration processes, and future potentials", "description": "Abstract<p>Agroforestry (AF) has the potential to restore degraded lands, provide a broader range of ecosystem goods and services such as carbon (C) sequestration and high biodiversity, and increase soil fertility and ecosystem stability through additional C input from trees, erosion prevention, and microclimate improvement. Advantages and processes for global C sequestration in AF are unknown. We used a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 427 soil C stock data pairs grouped into four main AF systems\uffe2\uff80\uff94alley cropping, windbreaks, silvopastures, and homegardens\uffe2\uff80\uff94and evaluated changes in AF and adjacent control cropland or pasture. Mean soil C stocks in AF (1\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) were 126\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, which is 19% more than that in cropland or pasture. The highest C stocks in soil were in subtropical homegardens, AF with younger trees, and topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm). Increased soil C stocks in AF were lower than aboveground C stocks in most AF systems, except alley cropping. Homegardens stored the highest C in both aboveground and belowground, especially in the subsoil (20\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm). Advantages of AF ecosystem services focusing on mechanisms of belowground C sequestration were analyzed. AF could store 5.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa0109\uffc2\uffa0Mg additional C in soil on 944\uffc2\uffa0Mha globally, with most in the tropics and subtropics. AF systems could greatly contribute to global soil C sequestration if used in larger areas. Future investigations of AF should include (a) mechanistic\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies (instead of common monitoring and inventories), (b) models linking forest and crop growth with soil water and C and nutrient cycling, and (c) accurate assessments of the AF area worldwide based on the remote sensing approaches.</p>", "keywords": ["meta-analysis", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "550", "13. Climate action", "sustainable land use", "homegardens", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agroforestry management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "ecosystem services", "carbon sequestration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.3136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.3136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Porosity Characterization Of Argiudolls Under Different Management Systems In The Argentine Flat Pampa", "description": "Abstract   Soil pore network characteristics are influenced by management and tillage practices. The objective of this work was to verify if the simultaneous use of the information obtained from tension infiltrometers and water release curves contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of different long-term management systems on the pore space of agricultural soils. The study was carried out on the Flat Pampa in Santa Fe, Argentina, in two types of typical Argiudolls with a silty-loam surface soil texture. The following treatments were evaluated: a) no-till with corn\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) conventional tillage with wheat/soybean sequence (CT-S) at Galvez; and a) no-till with corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) no-till with wheat/soybean sequence (NT-S) at Videla. Tension values of 0, 1.5 and 3\u00a0cm were applied using tension infiltrometers with the aim of obtaining soil hydraulic conductivity measurements ( K  0 ,  K  1.5 , and  K  3 ), and several hydraulic parameters (pore size, pore number, effective macroporosity, conducting macroporosity ( e  ( a , b ) ), water flow and water flow decrease). Undisturbed soil cores were collected to determine water release curves (WRC) and soil bulk density (Db). The total macroporosity (Ma) and pore size frequency curve were determined from the fitted model of the WRC. Macropore connectivity was calculated using  e  ( a , b )  and Ma. In Galvez, the Db values,  K  at all tensions, the number of effective pores, the mean pore radius and the effective macroporosity were significantly higher for NT-R. The conducting and total macroporosity values were similar in NT-R and CT-S, but the pores had better continuity in NT-R. In Videla, only  K  0  and  K  1.5  showed statistical differences in favor of NT-R. This treatment also had a greater number of effective pores, and higher effective, conducting and total macroporosity values, apart from the overall better pore connectivity. There were no significant differences between the NT-R and CT-S for Db and  K  3 . The evaluated indicators determined that the pore network characteristics are affected not only by tillage system, but also by the crops chosen for the rotation. When used jointly, tension infiltrometers and water release curves can be very useful tools for monitoring the evolution of the soils physical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SILTY-LOAM SOILS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "WATER RELEASE CURVE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TENSION INFILTROMETER", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "PORE SYSTEM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Imhoff, Silvia del Carmen, Ghiberto, Pablo Javier, Grioni, Agustin, Gaydou, Juan Pablo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-04", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Metabolism Under Elevated Co2 And O-3", "description": "Atmospheric CO(2) and O(3) concentrations are increasing due to human activity and both trace gases have the potential to alter C cycling in forest ecosystems. Because soil microorganisms depend on plant litter as a source of energy for metabolism, changes in the amount or the biochemistry of plant litter produced under elevated CO(2) and O(3) could alter microbial community function and composition. Previously, we have observed that elevated CO(2) increased the microbial metabolism of cellulose and chitin, whereas elevated O(3) dampened this response. We hypothesized that this change in metabolism under CO(2) and O(3) enrichment would be accompanied by a concomitant change in fungal community composition. We tested our hypothesis at the free-air CO(2) and O(3) enrichment (FACE) experiment at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, in which Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, and Acer saccharum were grown under factorial CO(2) and O(3) treatments. We employed extracellular enzyme analysis to assay microbial metabolism, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to determine changes in microbial community composition, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to analyze the fungal community composition. The activities of 1,4-beta-glucosidase (+37%) and 1,4,-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (+84%) were significantly increased under elevated CO(2), whereas 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity (-25%) was significantly suppressed by elevated O(3). There was no significant main effect of elevated CO(2) or O(3) on fungal relative abundance, as measured by PLFA. We identified 39 fungal taxonomic units from soil using DGGE, and found that O(3) enrichment significantly altered fungal community composition. We conclude that fungal metabolism is altered under elevated CO(2) and O(3), and that there was a concomitant change in fungal community composition under elevated O(3). Thus, changes in plant inputs to soil under elevated CO(2) and O(3) can propagate through the microbial food web to alter the cycling of C in soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Food Chain", "Extracellular Enzymes", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Polymerase Chain Reaction\u2013Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Microbial Community", "Soil", "Ozone", "Health Sciences", "Acetylglucosaminidase", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "beta-Glucosidase", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Fungal Metabolism", "Carbon", "Free-air CO 2 and O 3 Enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Extracellular Space"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2021.105718", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-11", "title": "Correlation of banana productivity levels and soil morphological properties using regularized optimal scaling regression", "description": "Soil morphological properties described in the field, such as texture, consistence or structure, provide a valuable tool for the evaluation of soil productivity potential. In this study, we developed a regression model between the soil morphological variables of banana plantations and a crop Productivity Index (PI) previously developed for the same areas in Venezuela. For this, we implemented categorical regression, an optimal scaling procedure in which the morphological variables are transformed into a numerical scale, and can thus be entered in a multiple regression analysis. The model was developed from data from six plantations growing \u201cGran Nain\u201d bananas, each with two productivity levels (high and low), in two 4-ha experimental plots, one for each productivity level. Sixty-three A horizons in thirty-six soils were described using 15 field morphological variables on a nominal scale for structure type, texture and hue, and an ordinal scale for the rest (structure grade, structure size, wet and dry consistence, stickiness, plasticity, moist value, chroma, root abundance, root size, biological activity and reaction to HCl). The optimum model selected included biological activity, texture, dry consistence, reaction to HCl and structure type variables. These variables explained the PI with an R2 of 0.599, an expected prediction error (EPE) of 0.645 and a standard error (SE) of 0.135 using bootstrapping, and EPE of 0.662 with a SE of 0.236 using 10-fold cross validation. Our study showed how soil quality is clearly related to productivity on commercial banana plantations, and developed a way to correlate soil quality indicators to yield by using indicators based on easily measured soil morphological parameters. The methodology used in this study might be further expanded to other banana-producing areas to help identify the soils most suitable for its cultivation, thereby enhancing its environmental sustainability and profitability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "55 Geolog\u00eda y ciencias afines", "63 Agricultura.", "Biological activity", "Biological activities", "63 Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "55 Geolog\u00eda y ciencias afines.", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Dry consistence", "Sustainability", "Qualitative soil indicators", "Soil structure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Texture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105718"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2021.105718", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2021.105718", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105718"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-13", "title": "Biochar, Hydrochar And Uncarbonized Feedstock Application To Permanent Grassland\u2014Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Plant Growth", "description": "Abstract   Both reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration have the potential to reduce global climate warming and avoid dangerous climate change. We assessed the sequestration potential as well as possible risks and benefits of carbon amendments (16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04% of soil organic C) from Miscanthus\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0giganteus in different carbonization stages of a temperate grassland soil together with pig slurry: (1) untreated dried biomass (feedstock), (2) hydrothermally carbonized biomass (hydrochar) and (3) pyrolyzed biomass (biochar) in comparison to a control (only pig slurry application).  The field study was complemented by a laboratory incubation study, followed by a growth experiment with Lolium perenne. In the field, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) were monitored weekly over 1.5 years and over three months in the lab. Initial nitrogen losses via ammonia emissions after substrate\u2013slurry application were assessed in an additional greenhouse study.  We found that biochar reduced soil and ecosystem respiration in incubation and in the field, respectively. Additionally, biochar improved methane oxidation, though restricted by emissions outbursts due to slurry amendment. It also reduced N2O emissions significantly in the lab study but not in the field. Hydrochar and feedstock proved to be easily degradable in incubation, but had no effect on ecosystem respiration in the field. Feedstock amendment significantly increased N2O emissions in incubation and one year after application likewise in the field. In a growth experiment subsequent to the incubation, only biochar amendment increased L. perenne biomass (+29%) significantly, likely due to N retention. In the field, biochar caused a significant shift in the plant species composition from grasses to forbs, whereas hydrochar significantly reduced yields within two growth periods (2011 and 2012). Ammonia emissions were significantly higher with feedstock and biochar compared to the control or acidic hydrochar. The overall results indicate that biochar is better suited for C sequestration and GHG mitigation in grasslands than hydrochar or the uncarbonized feedstock. However, NH3 emission reductions may only occur when the biochar is neutral or slightly acidic.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christian Koch, Sonja Schimmelpfennig, Ludger Gr\u00fcnhage, Christoph M\u00fcller, Christoph M\u00fcller, Claudia Kammann,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-03", "title": "Fate Of Soil-Applied Black Carbon: Downward Migration, Leaching And Soil Respiration", "description": "Abstract<p>Black carbon (BC) is an important pool of the global C cycle, because it cycles much more slowly than others and may even be managed for C sequestration. Using stable isotope techniques, we investigated the fate of BC applied to a savanna Oxisol in Colombia at rates of 0, 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, as well as its effect on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC soil organic C. During the rainy seasons of 2005 and 2006, soil respiration was measured using soda lime traps, particulate and dissolved organic C (POC and DOC) moving by saturated flow was sampled continuously at 0.15 and 0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m, and soil was sampled to 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. Black C was found below the application depth of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m in the 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth interval, with migration rates of 52.4\uffc2\uffb114.5, 51.8\uffc2\uffb118.5 and 378.7\uffc2\uffb1196.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (\uffc2\uffb1SE) where 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, had been applied. Over 2 years after application, 2.2% of BC applied at 23.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was lost by respiration, and an even smaller fraction of 1% was mobilized by percolating water. Carbon from BC moved to a greater extent as DOC than POC. The largest flux of BC from the field (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9353% of applied BC) was not accounted for by our measurements and is assumed to have occurred by surface runoff during intense rain events. Black C caused a 189% increase in aboveground biomass production measured 5 months after application (2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff934.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83t additional dry biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 where BC was applied), and this resulted in greater amounts of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC being respired, leached and found in soil for the duration of the experiment. These increases can be quantitatively explained by estimates of greater belowground net primary productivity with BC addition.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "leaching", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ecology", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "respiraci\u00f3n del suelo", "01 natural sciences", "lixiviacion", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050562", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2 And Phosphorus Addition On Productivity And Community Composition Of Intact Monoliths From Calcareous Grassland", "description": "We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (600 \u03bcl l-1 vs 350 \u03bcl l-1) and phosphorus supply (1 g P m-2 year-1 vs unfertilized) on intact monoliths from species-rich calcareous grassland in a greenhouse. Aboveground community dry mass remained almost unaffected by elevated CO2 in the first year (+6%, n.s.), but was significantly stimulated by CO2 enrichment in year two (+26%, P<0.01). Among functional groups, only graminoids contributed significantly to this increase. The effect of phosphorus alone on community biomass was small in both years and marginally significant only when analyzed with MANOVA (+6% in year one, +9% in year two, 0.1 \u2265P > 0.05). Belowground biomass and stubble after two seasons were not different in elevated CO2 and when P was added. The small initial increase in aboveground community biomass under elevated CO2 is explained by the fact that some species, in particular Carex flacca, responded very positively right from the beginning, while others, especially the dominant Bromus erectus, responded negatively to CO2 enrichment. Shifts in community composition towards more responsive species explain the much larger CO2 response in the second year. These shifts, i.e., a decline in xerophytic elements (B. erectus) and an increase in mesophytic grasses and legumes occurred independently of treatments in all monoliths but were accelerated significantly by elevated CO2. The difference in average biomass production at elevated compared to ambient CO2 was higher when P was supplied (at the community level the CO2 response was enhanced from 20% to 33% when P was added, in graminoids from 17% to 27%, in legumes from 4% to 60%, and in C. flacca from 120% to 298% by year two). Based on observations in this and similar studies, we suggest that interactions between CO2 concentration, species presence, and nutrient availability will govern community responses to elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://edoc.unibas.ch/8780/1/s004420050562.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050562"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050562", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050562", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050562"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-08-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-21", "title": "The Effect Of Pasture Utilization Rate On Stocks Of Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Semi-Arid Tropical Grassland", "description": "The influence of grazing management on total soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) in tropical grasslands is an issue of considerable ecological and economic interest. Here we have used linear mixed models to investigate the effect of grazing management on stocks of SOC and TN in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile. The study site was a long-term pasture utilization experiment, 26 years after the experiment was established for sheep grazing on native Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) pasture in northern Australia. The pasture utilization rates were between 0% (exclosure) and 80%, assessed visually. We found that a significant amount of TN had been lost from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile as a result of grazing, with 80% pasture utilization resulting in a loss of 84 kg ha\u22121 over the 26-year period. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on TN when greater soil depths were considered. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on stocks of SOC and soil particulate organic carbon (POC), or the C:N ratio at any depth; however, visual trends in the data suggested some agreement with the literature, whereby increased grazing pressure appeared to: (i) decrease SOC and POC stocks; and, (ii) increase the C:N ratio. Overall, the statistical power of the study was limited, and future research would benefit from a more comprehensive sampling scheme. Previous studies at the site have found that a pasture utilization rate of 30% is sustainable for grazing production on Mitchell grass; however, given our results, we conclude that N inputs (possibly through management of native N2-fixing pasture legumes) should be made for long-term maintenance of soil health, and pasture productivity, within this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Pasture utilization", "Tropical grassland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Grazing management", "1103 Animal Science and Zoology", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-26", "title": "Soil Respiration Is Stimulated By Elevated Co2 And Reduced By Summer Drought: Three Years Of Measurements In A Multifactor Ecosystem Manipulation Experiment In A Temperate Heathland (Climaite)", "description": "Abstract<p>This study investigated the impact of predicted future climatic and atmospheric conditions on soil respiration (RS) in a Danish Calluna\uffe2\uff80\uff90Deschampsia\uffe2\uff80\uff90heathland. A fully factorial in situ experiment with treatments of elevated atmospheric CO2 (+130\uffc2\uffa0ppm), raised soil temperature (+0.4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and extended summer drought (5\uffe2\uff80\uff938% precipitation exclusion) was established in 2005. The average RS, observed in the control over 3\uffc2\uffa0years of measurements (1.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol CO2\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0sec\uffe2\uff88\uff921), increased 38% under elevated CO2, irrespective of combination with the drought or temperature treatments. In contrast, extended summer drought decreased RS by 14%, while elevated soil temperature did not affect RS overall. A significant interaction between elevated temperature and drought resulted in further reduction of RS when these treatments were combined. A detailed analysis of short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term RS dynamics associated with drought periods showed that RS was reduced by ~50% and was strongly correlated with soil moisture during these events. Recovery of RS to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels occurred within 2\uffc2\uffa0weeks of rewetting; however, unexpected drought effects were observed several months after summer drought treatment in 2 of the 3\uffc2\uffa0years, possibly due to reduced plant growth or changes in soil water holding capacity. An empirical model that predicts RS from soil temperature, soil moisture and plant biomass was developed and accounted for 55% of the observed variability in RS. The model predicted annual sums of RS in 2006 and 2007, in the control, were 672 and 719\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. For the full treatment combination, i.e. the future climate scenario, the model predicted that soil respiratory C losses would increase by ~21% (140\uffe2\uff80\uff93150\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0y\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Therefore, in the future climate, stimulation of C storage in plant biomass and litter must be in excess of 21% for this ecosystem to not suffer a reduction in net ecosystem exchange.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02634.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-05", "title": "Physical And Chemical Stabilization Of Soil Organic Carbon Along A 500-Year Cultived Soil Chronosequence Originating From Estuarine Wetlands: Temporal Patterns And Land Use Effects", "description": "Abstract   How soil carbon is stabilized during centuries of cultivation and how this would be influenced by land use largely remain unclear. Here the relative role of physical and chemical stabilization mechanisms in agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation were studied by fractionation of paddy/upland cropland soils along a 500-year soil chronosequence created by intermittent reclamation of estuarine wetlands. In unreclaimed wetlands, about 50% of SOC was chemically-stabilized by binding to Fe/Al oxyhydrates (mainly amorphous Fe) and 30% by unknown forms of chemical association with silt/clay particles. Physical stabilization of SOC by soil aggregation was negligible in wetlands. After conversion of wetlands to croplands, SOC rapidly declined within the first 16 years and then recovered slowly with cultivation time. Chemical mechanisms still dominated SOC stabilization processes during 500 years of cultivation, but the contribution of Fe/Al-bound and Ca-bound carbon to total SOC decreased with time. The contribution of physically stabilized carbon (i.e. microaggregate-occluded particulate organic carbon, iPOM) to SOC kept around 16% in croplands even when microaggregate contents increased from 8.83% to 30.52% between 16 and 500 years. The iPOM fraction was not closely related to microaggregate formation but to free coarse particulate organic matter, a carbon fraction indicative of inputs of plant materials. Consistently higher SOC density in paddy soils than in upland soils was observed along the chronosequence, which could be accounted for by higher contents of physical and chemical carbon fractions in paddy fields. The higher physically-stabilized carbon of paddy soils probably resulted from larger stubble return rather than from stronger soil aggregation given similar contents of microaggregates between the two cropland types. Notably, in both paddy and upland soils, carbon concentrations of intra-microaggregate silt/clay particles were consistently higher than those of free silt/clay particles. An implication was that despite the small proportion (", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chunlin Zhou, Zongtang Liu, Bao-Ming Ge, Jun Cui, Boping Tang, Changming Fang, Li Zhenxing,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-26", "title": "Long-Term Addition Of Compost And Np Fertilizer Increases Crop Yield And Improves Soil Quality In Experiments On Smallholder Farms", "description": "Abstract   Soil fertility decline due to low nutrient input is a constraint for sustainable agriculture in smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia. In this study, crop productivity and soil organic matter buildup were compared in soils receiving locally made compost, applied either alone or in combination with NP fertilizer. The experiments had four treatments: full dose of compost (C), full dose of fertilizer (F), half compost and half fertilizer (CF), and unfertilized control (control). The full dose of compost was equivalent to 2.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  organic matter. The field study was conducted on four farm fields in the village Beseku, each representing different sub-villages. Participating farmers were selected based on their willingness and an assessment of dedication to carry out the experiment. The experiments, a randomized complete block design with three replications, were replicated across four farm fields. The treatments were repeated for six cropping seasons (years), and data on soil nutrient status and crop (maize, wheat, potato, and faba bean) harvests were collected. In the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil layer, pH was ( P\u00a0  P\u00a0  \u22121  in C treatment, and by 4.74 and 0.45\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  in CF treatment. Treatment effects on crop harvests were significant ( P\u00a0  \u00a0F\u00a0>\u00a0C\u00a0>\u00a0control in the initial season, CF\u00a0>\u00a0C\u00a0>\u00a0F\u00a0>\u00a0control in the next three consecutive seasons, and C\u00a0>\u00a0CF\u00a0>\u00a0F\u00a0> control in the final year of the experiment. The overall combined yield was in the order of CF\u00a0>\u00a0C\u00a0>\u00a0F\u00a0>\u00a0control for maize and faba bean, CF\u00a0>\u00a0F\u00a0>\u00a0C\u00a0>\u00a0control for potato, and F\u00a0>\u00a0CF\u00a0>\u00a0C\u00a0>\u00a0control for wheat. The addition of either compost alone or in combination with NP fertilizer improved soil properties and crop productivity, compared with control and only fertilizer addition. Therefore, compost addition can serve as a complement to fertilizer use and reduce dependence on mineral fertilizer in low-input crop production system. The apparent synergy between compost and fertilizer addition needs further research in order to be explained.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Workneh Bedada, Erik Karltun, Mulugeta Lemenih, Motuma Tolera,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-27", "title": "Size Of Precipitation Pulses Controls Nitrogen Transformation And Losses In An Arid Patagonian Ecosystem", "description": "Arid ecosystems receive precipitation pulses of different sizes that may differentially affect nitrogen (N) losses and N turnover during the growing season. We designed a rainfall manipulation experiment in the Patagonian steppe, southern Argentina, where we simulated different precipitation patterns by adding the same amount of water in evenly spaced three-small rainfall events or in one-single large rainfall event, three times during a growing season. We measured the effect of the size of rainfall pulses on N mineralization and N losses by denitrification, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate and ammonia leaching. Irrigation pulses stimulated N mineralization (P < 0.05), with small and frequent pulses showing higher responses than large pulses (P < 0.10). Irrigation effects were transient and did not result in changes in seasonal net N mineralization suggesting a long-term substrate limitation. Water pulses stimulated gaseous N losses by denitrification, with large pulses showing higher responses than small pulses (P < 0.05), but did not stimulate ammonia volatilization. Nitrate leaching also was higher after large than after small precipitation events (P < 0.05). Small events produced higher N transformations and lower N losses by denitrification and nitrate leaching than large events, which would produce higher N availability for plant growth. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation events and the proportion of large to small rainfall events. Our results suggest that these changes would result in reduced N availability and a competitive advantage for deep-rooted species that prefer nitrate over ammonia. Similarly, the ammonium:nitrate ratio might decrease because large events foster nitrate losses but not ammonium losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia Volatilization", "Precipitation Pulses", "Arid Ecosystems", "Patagonian Steppe", "Nitrate Leaching", "Soil Inorganic N", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Net N Mineralization", "13. Climate action", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Nitrogen-Water Interactions", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-010-9341-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-21", "title": "Shade Trees Have Limited Benefits For Soil Fertility In Cocoa Agroforests", "description": "Abstract   Agroforestry is often promoted as a sustainable agricultural practice that can ameliorate causes of declining yields, such as soil degradation. However, despite the often-stated potential of agroforestry, quantitative data on the benefits of shade trees are limited to relatively few cropping systems, particularly maize and coffee. Furthermore, agroforests are not cost-free and the benefits of agroforests might not be sufficient to outweigh these costs in all cropping systems or environments. Here we quantify costs and benefits of agroforests for cocoa production in Ghana, West Africa. Specifically, we quantified the ability of shade trees to increase soil carbon stocks and soil fertility (i.e. total soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, available phosphorus and potassium, cation exchange capacity, soil aggregation, pH, and foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations), and investigate if these benefits are sufficient to outweigh the negative effects of shade trees on cocoa growth and yields. We measured cocoa yields, soil fertility and carbon-sequestration under individual shade trees, and in 30\u00a0\u00d7\u00a030\u00a0m plots that were distributed along a gradient of shade-tree cover (plot-scale). We found localized positive effects of individual shade trees on soil carbon and nitrogen content, as well as soil aggregation. However, we found no evidence for positive effects of agroforests via improved soil fertility or carbon-sequestration with increasing shade-tree cover at the plot scale, a scale that more closely matches the scale at which agroforests are managed. Cocoa growth was lower under individual shade trees and decreased with increasing shade-tree cover in plots, and cocoa yields also decreased with increasing shade-tree cover. Our results indicate that the benefits of agroforestry for soil fertility and carbon sequestration in cocoa cultivation systems might not be as extensive as believed, and may not be sufficient to compensate for short-term costs to production.", "keywords": ["Theobroma-Cacao", "2. Zero hunger", "571", "Landscapes", "Tropical Agroforestry", "Systems", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Management", "12. Responsible consumption", "Stocks", "Carbon-Sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forest", "Trade-Offs", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-06", "title": "Ecosystem service delivery of agri-environment measures: A synthesis for hedgerows and grass strips on arable land", "description": "Abstract   In north western Europe, agricultural systems are generally managed to maximize the potential delivery of provisioning ecosystem services. This has often been at the expense of other ecosystem services. Because the current supply of most ecosystem services is insufficient to meet the increasing demand, particular attention to ecosystem service delivery and hence multifunctionality in agriculture is vital. In this paper, we quantitatively assessed the impact of hedgerows and grass strips bordering parcels with annual arable crops on the simultaneous delivery of a set of ecosystem services and from there we identified synergies and trade-offs on virtual parcels. After a systematic literature search, mixed models were applied on observations from 60 studies and quantitative effect relationships between ecosystem service delivery and hedgerow and grass strip characteristics were developed. Next to the hedgerow, until a distance of twice the hedgerow height, arable crop yield was reduced by 29%. Beyond this distance, until 20 times the hedgerow height, crop yield was increased by 6%. Compared to a similar arable parcel without hedgerow or grass strip, soil carbon stock was 22% higher in the hedgerow, on average 6% higher in the adjacent parcel next to the hedgerow and 37% higher in the upper 30\u00a0cm soil layer in the grass strip. Both hedgerows and grass strips intercepted nitrogen from the surface (69% and 67%, respectively) and subsurface (34% and 32%, respectively) flow and phosphorus (67% and 73%, respectively) and soil sediment (91% and 90%, respectively) from the surface flow. More natural predator species were found on parcels with hedgerows, but the number of predators was unaffected. On parcels with grass strips, both predator density and diversity was higher and aphid density was reduced. Our calculations on parcel level indicate that the trade-off between arable crop yield and regulating ecosystem services depends on hedgerow width and height and parcel dimensions. A similar trade-off is found on parcels with grass strips, but increasing grass strip width results in a proportionally higher delivery of regulating ecosystem services.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.04.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-10", "title": "The Cover Crop Determines The Amf Community Composition In Soil And In Roots Of Maize After A Ten-Year Continuous Crop Rotation", "description": "Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for soil biological degradation. By stimulating indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cover cropping enhances soil health and promotes agroecosystem sustainability. Still, the legacy effects of cover crops (CCs) and the major factors driving the AM fungal community are not well known; neither is the influence of the specific CC. This work describes a field experiment established in Central Spain to test the effect of replacing winter fallow by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or vetch (Vicia sativa L.) during the intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.). We examined the community composition of the AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil associated with the subsequent cash crop after 10\u202fyears of cover cropping, using Illumina technology. The multivariate analysis showed that the AMF communities under the barley treatment differed significantly from those under fallow, whereas no legacy effect of the vetch CC was detected. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, Ca and microbial biomass carbon were identified as major factors shaping soil AMF communities. Specific AMF taxa were found to play a role in plant uptake of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cd, which may shed light on the functionality of these taxa. In our conditions, the use of barley as a winter CC appears to be an appropriate choice with respect to promotion of AMF populations and biological activity in agricultural soils with intercropping systems. However, more research on CC species and their legacy effect on the microbial community composition and functionality are needed to guide decisions in knowledge-based agriculture.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Diversity", "Cover cropping", "Grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "Crop Production", "Legume", "Spain", "Long-term experiment", "Mycorrhizae", "Long-term experiments", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illumina technology", "Mediterranean climate", "Soil Microbiology", "Mycobiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-28", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Based On Crop Rotation And Tillage In The Semi-Arid Loess Plateau, China: Effects On Crop Yield And Soil Water Use", "description": "Abstract   In the semi-arid Loess Plateau region, water stress is the main limiting factor for rainfed agriculture; thus, conservation agriculture has been proposed to address this problem in these areas. Since 2007, a middle- to long-term experiment was established in Heyang County, Shaanxi, a region typical of the Loess Plateau, to evaluate the impact of no-tillage (NT), subsoiling tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT) on crop yield, water use, and soil water dynamics for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) continuous cropping (WWC), spring maize (Zea mays L.) continuous cropping (SMC), and spring maize-winter wheat rotation cropping (MWR) systems. The highest four-year average wheat yield amounting to 5958\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was attained in MWR-ST, while the highest maize yield advantage averaging 772\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was obtained in SMC-NT. There were no significant differences in evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water storage (SWS) at the sowing/harvest stage among all treatments, but the relative greater average SWS before sowing was maintained under conservation tillage practices. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) reaching 10.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for wheat in MWR and 20.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for maize in SMC was obtained under ST treatment, while the significant WUE advantage of NT compared with CT was only obtained in SMC. At key growth stages, the higher soil water content (SWC) in the 0\u2013200\u00a0cm soil profile was maintained in the conservation tillage and MWR system for wheat but in the conservation tillage and SMC system for maize. The longer-duration fallows did not produce a better effect on SWS at the sowing stage, while the reduction of soil disturbance enhanced SWS compared with CT.  In summary, tillage, cropping system, and their interaction effect produced significant effects on crop production and soil water status, and the above findings might be helpful to draft appropriate management strategies to realize optimal crop yield based on water use.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ningning Chen, Xiaoli Wang, Qian Wang, Shulan Wang, Rui Wang, Wei Lyu, Yujiao Zhang, Lei Sun, Jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_80", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-10-03", "title": "Residue Quality And N Fertilizer Do Not Influence Aggregate Stabilization Of C And N In Two Tropical Soils With Contrasting Texture", "description": "To address soil fertility decline, additions of organic resources and mineral fertilizers are often integrated in sub-Saharan African agroecosystems. Possible benefits to long-term C and N stabilization from this input management practice are, however, largely unknown. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the effect of residue quality and mineralNon soilCand N stabilization, (2) to determine how input management and root growth interact to control this stabilization, and (3) to assess how these relationships vary with soil texture. We sampled two field trials in Kenya located at Embu, on a clayey soil, and at Machanga, on a loamy sand soil. The trials were initiated in 2002 with residue inputs of different quality (no input, high quality Tithonia diversifolia, medium quality Calliandra calothyrsus, and low quality Zea mays (maize) stover), incorporated at a rate of 4 Mg C ha-1 year-1 alone and in combination with 120 kg N ha-1 season-1 mineral fertilizer. Maize was grown in the plots each season, and a section of the plots was left uncropped. All aboveground maize residues were removed from the plots. Soil samples (0\u201315 cm) were collected in March 2005 to assess aggregation and C and N stabilization. The finetextured soil at Embu was more responsive to inputs than the coarse-textured soil at Machanga. Residue additions increased macroaggregation at Embu, and cropping increased aggregation at Machanga. At Embu adding organic residue, regardless of the quality, and cropping significantly increased total soil C and N. This increase was also observed in the macroaggregate and microaggregate-within-macroaggregate fractions. Input treatments had little effect on C and N contents of the whole soil or specific fractions at Machanga. Nitrogen fertilizer additions did not significantly alter C or N content of the whole soil or specific fractions at either site. We conclude that residue quality does not affect the stabilization of soil organic C and N. Inputs of C and soil stabilization capacity are more important controls on stabilization of soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_80"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_80", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_80", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_80"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-12-17", "title": "Assessment Of Tillage Erosion Rates On Steep Slopes In Northern Laos", "description": "Abstract   In the hills of south-east Asia shifting cultivation is developing towards more permanent cropping systems. In association with short fallow periods, fields suffer from weed pressure and this, in turn, leads to more frequent and deeper manual tillage. Due to steep slopes these operations induce tillage erosion. Measurements of such soil losses under on-farm conditions are still scarce. In this study tillage erosion was assessed and a predictive model of tillage erosion was established based on slope angle and contact cover, i.e. basal crop area and weed cover. The experiments were conducted in the Houay Pano, Northern Laos. The farmers cultivate annual crops in rotation with 1\u20133 year fallow periods without external inputs and using only hand tools. Tillage erosion was assessed using the tracer method across nine slope classes (0.30\u20131.10\u00a0m\u00a0m \u22121 ) for two crops, upland rice and Job's tears ( Coix lacryma-jobi  L.). Soil movement due to land preparation and weeding were assessed separately because different tools are used, a medium size hoe and a small curved hoe. A multivariate regression showed a highly significant relation ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.83) between soil losses due to land preparation, slope gradient and contact cover. Predicting models of soil losses due to weeding were also highly significant ( R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.79 for upland rice,  R  2 \u00a0=\u00a00.88 for Job's tears), confirming the importance of tillage erosion on steep slopes (4, 6 and 11\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0year \u22121  on slopes with gradients of 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90\u00a0m\u00a0m \u22121 , respectively). Tillage erosion has increased exponentially over the last 40 years because of weed invasion associated with short fallow periods; the initially no-till system has changed into a system heavily dependent on tillage to control weeds and this greatly contributes to soil degradation.", "keywords": ["subsistence farming", "2. Zero hunger", "weed control", "Upland rice", "sloping land", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "erosion", "shifting cultivation", "Weed pressure", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Tillage erosion", "Steep slopes", "upland rice", "Job's tears", "tillage", "Shifting cultivation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farming systems", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-03", "title": "Overgrazing Effects On Vegetation Cover And Properties Of Volcanic Ash Soil In The P\u00e1ramo Of Llangahua And La Esperanza (Tungurahua, Ecuador)", "description": "<p>Abstract.  The p\uffc3\uffa1ramo is a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90altitude ecosystem of the northern Andes. The vegetation is continuous, with grasses as the dominant groundcover. Because of their high water retention, p\uffc3\uffa1ramos play a fundamental role in water availability for all the population of the inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90Andean valleys. There are many studies of this specific ecosystem, but very few are focussed on overgrazing and its effect on vegetation and soil properties. Intensive grazing started less than 20 years ago and was studied in a representative area in the western Cordillera of central Ecuador covered by recent volcanic ash deposits. Intensive sheep grazing has led to a strong decline in the number of plant species, the replacement of the tussock grass vegetation by a short carpet grass vegetation, and an increase of bare land. In that area, the upper 50 cm of Andisols are deeply affected by a convergent decrease of Al and Fe oxalate and pyrophosphate in soil extracts, carbon contents decrease from 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to less than 50 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the humid zone, from 70 to 40 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the dry zone and a reduction of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90retention capacity at \uffe2\uff88\uff9233 kPa matrix potential from 800 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to 200 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in humid zones, from 350 to less than 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in drier areas. They showed also a decrease in the macrostructure and the development of a highly water repellent microstructure. All these important transformations favour the development of aeolian erosion in dry areas, runoff on bare surfaces, and gully erosion on slopes. The role of the p\uffc3\uffa1ramo in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of this ecosystem seems to have been adversely affected for the future.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "COUVERT VEGETAL", "SOL", "EROSION", "HUMIDITE DU SOL", "PATURAGE", "CENDRE VOLCANIQUE", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "CAPACITE D'ECHANGE CATIONIQUE", "SUREXPLOITATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-09", "title": "Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, And Base Cation Cycling 17 Years After Whole-Tree Harvesting In A Low-Elevation Red Spruce (Picea Rubens)-Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea) Forested Watershed In Central Maine, Usa", "description": "Abstract   Forest harvesting and regeneration may cause changes in soil and solution chemistry that adversely affect forest productivity and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to assess soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and base cation cycling 17 years following whole-tree harvesting in a low-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) watershed (regenerating watershed) in central Maine, USA. Results for forest floor and mineral soil nutrient concentrations and pools were compared to an adjacent non-harvested 77\u201385-year-old spruce-fir watershed (reference watershed) and to preharvest conditions obtained 17 years earlier. The total soil (forest floor\u00a0+\u00a0mineral soil) exchangeable magnesium (Mg) pool was 32% and 44% lower (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), respectively, in the regenerating and reference watersheds compared to the preharvest condition. Nitrogen and exchangeable potassium (K) contents in the forest floor, however, were 26% and 65% lower (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), respectively, for the preharvest condition compared to the reference watershed; no differences (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) occurred between the reference and regenerating watersheds. Mineral soil exchangeable calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) concentrations and contents, effective cation exchange capacity (CECe), and base saturation were at least twice as high (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the regenerating compared to the reference watershed or preharvest conditions. Changes in the N and Mg pools indicate that atmospheric deposition may be a concern for Mg depletion and N saturation at this site. However, Ca depletion does not appear to be occurring at this site as a result of either acid deposition or whole-tree harvesting, although there are indications that the reference watershed may be in the initial stages of altered Ca cycling, which may lead to depletion.  Soil solution and stream nutrients were compared between the regenerating and reference watersheds. The soil solution base cation and inorganic anion concentrations were two to four times higher (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the reference compared to the regenerating watershed. In addition, bicarbonate (HCO3\u2212) accounted for 63% of the cation:anion balance in soil solution of the regenerating watershed, but less than 1% in the reference watershed (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Soil solution Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations at 50-cm depth in the regenerating watershed showed a linear decrease (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) 10\u201317 years after regeneration, whereas the stream Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations showed a linear increase (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) during that timeframe. No consistent temporal trends (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) in stream Ca2+ and Mg2+ occurred in the reference watershed. Higher concentrations (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) of soil air carbon dioxide (CO2), soil solution dissolved inorganic C (DIC), and soil exchangeable Na, at or below 20\u00a0cm in the regenerating watershed suggest that these contrasting results were due to higher mineral weathering rates in the regenerating watershed. The soil elemental and exchangeable cation pools indicate that whole-tree harvesting may be a sustainable practice for at least one rotation. However, the soil solution and stream chemistry indicate that the regenerating watershed has not yet reached equilibrium for nutrient cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "James W. McLaughlin, Stephanie A. Phillips,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00113", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-22", "title": "Modeling of Soil Functions for Assessing Soil Quality: Soil Biodiversity and Habitat Provisioning", "description": "Soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning is one of the soil functions that agricultural land provides to society. This paper describes assessment of the soil biodiversity function (SB function) as a proof of concept to be used in a decision support tool for agricultural land management. The SB function is defined as \u201cthe multitude of soil organisms and processes, interacting in an ecosystem, providing society with a rich biodiversity source and contributing to a habitat for aboveground organisms.\u201d So far, no single measure provides the full overview of the soil biodiversity and how a soil supports a habitat for a biodiverse ecosystem. We have assembled a set of attributes for a proxy-indicator system, based on four \u201cintegrated attributes\u201d: (1) soil nutrient status, (2) soil biological status, (3) soil structure, and (4) soil hydrological status. These attributes provide information to be used in a model for assessing the capacity of a soil to supply the SB function. A multi-criteria decision model was developed which comprises of 34 attributes providing information to quantify the four integrated attributes and subsequently assess the SB function for grassland and for cropland separately. The model predictions (in terms of low\u2014moderate\u2014high soil biodiversity status) were compared with expert judgements for a collection of 137 grassland soils in the Netherlands and 52 French soils, 29 grasslands, and 23 croplands. For both datasets, the results show that the proposed model predictions were statistically significantly correlated with the expert judgements. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the soil nutrient status, defined by attributes such as pH and organic carbon content, was the most important integrated attribute in the assessment of the SB function. Further progress in the assessment of the SB function is needed. This can be achieved by better information regarding land use and farm management. In this way we may make a valuable step in our attempts to optimize the multiple soil functions in agricultural landscapes, and hence the multifaceted role of soils to deliver a bundle of ecosystem services for farmers and citizens, and support land management and policy toward a more sustainable society.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "land management", "soil biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "habitat provisioning", "630", "ecosystem service", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Europe", "Environmental sciences", "soil function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "qualitative modeling", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00113"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00113", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2019.00113", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00113"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-28", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization And Yield Response Of Energy Crops After Fertilization With Biogas Residues In A Coastal Marsh Of Northern Germany", "description": "Abstract   Anaerobic co-fermentation of animal slurries and crop silages leads to new types of biogas residues with an uncertain fertilizer value. Ammonia volatilization losses and crop productivity after supplying co-fermented biogas residues were investigated at a marshland site in Northern Germany. Due to the ecological risks of monocultures, maize (Zea mays) in monoculture as the dominant biogas crop in the marsh was tested against a crop rotation (maize, wheat (Triticum aestivum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Biogas residues, applied by trail hoses, and CAN (mineral fertilizer) were used as nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonia losses at all application dates were investigated by an approach including passive flux samplers and a calibrated dynamic chamber method. Simultaneously a micrometeorological technique was used as a reference. A comparison of methods showed a close correlation (r2\u00a0=\u00a00.92) between micromet and passive flux sampler techniques. Ammonia volatilization losses (on average 15% NH4+-N applied) occurred mainly within the first 10\u00a0h. Concomitant with high ammonia losses, a significant yield depression of 5\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121 for ryegrass fertilized by biogas residues compared to CAN was observed. Little or no affect of biogas was observed for maize and wheat. The crop rotation had yields (34\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a02\u00a0year\u22121) that were comparable with the maize monoculture (31\u00a0t\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a02\u00a0year\u22121).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft; name=Sustainability Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/biology; name=Ecosystems Research", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Energy crops", "6. Clean water", "Co-fermentation", "Crop rotation", "Ammonia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Trail hoses", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-11", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Precipitation Manipulation And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Properties In California Grassland And Shrubland", "description": "Abstract   Soil microbial communities and pools of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in ecosystem responses to precipitation variability and N deposition. In southern California, ecosystem vulnerability to these environmental change drivers may differ for grassland versus shrubland vegetation types. We hypothesized that (1) these vegetation types would differ in their responses to precipitation and N manipulation; (2) reduced precipitation (\u201cdrought treatment\u201d) would have a negative effect on soil microbial abundance and alter microbial community composition, (3) these changes would be associated with reductions in soil C and N pools, (4) N addition would increase microbial abundance as well as soil C and N pools, and (5) combined drought and N deposition would have offsetting effects on soil properties. We tested these hypotheses at the Loma Ridge Global Change Experiment in southern California. Across vegetation types, we found that microbial biomass based on phospholipid fatty acids declined with drought and N addition. Microbial composition differed more strongly by vegetation type than with environmental change treatments. Added precipitation had little effect on microbial biomass but reduced labile C and N pools; these reductions were mitigated by N addition. Drought reduced labile forms of soil C and N, whereas N addition increased labile soil C pools and all soil N pools. Negative effects of drought and N addition were additive for microbial biomass, which could inhibit soil C cycling if both of these environmental changes occur together. Drought interacted with N addition to significantly increase the most labile N pool under the drought\u00a0+\u00a0N treatment, which suggests a build-up of available N under these conditions. These results imply that multiple environmental changes may combine non-additively to affect below-ground microorganisms and soil C and N pools, which may have important consequences for ecosystem services such as productivity, biodiversity, and soil quality in Mediterranean climate regimes of North America.", "keywords": ["Veterinary and Food Sciences", "Soil Science", "Microbial communities", "Shrubland", "veterinary and food sciences", "Carbon and nitrogen cycle", "11. Sustainability", "Global change", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Ecology", "Forestry Sciences", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1p4898qc/qt1p4898qc.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.05.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-12", "title": "Relationship Between Soil Properties and Banana Productivity in the Two Main Cultivation Areas in Venezuela", "description": "Open AccessTo identify the main edaphic variables most correlated to banana productivity in Venezuela and explore the development of an empirical correlation model to predict this productivity based on soil characteristics. Six agricultural fields located in two of the main banana production areas of Venezuela were selected. The experimental sites were in large farms (\u2265\u200950 ha) with four productivity levels in \u201cGran Nain\u201d bananas, with an area of 4 ha for each of four productive levels: High - High, High - Low, Low - High, and Low - Low. Sixty sampling points were used to characterize the soils under study. Additionally, a Productivity Index (PI) based on three different biometric data on plant productivity was proposed. Through hierarchical statistical analysis, the first 16 soil variables that best explained the PI were selected. Thus, five multiple linear regression models were estimated, using the stepwise regression method. Subsequently, a performance analysis was used to compare the prediction quality range and the error associated with the number of soil variables selected for the proposed models. The selected model included the following soil variables: Mg, penetration resistance, total microbial respiration, bulk density, and omnivorous free-living nematodes. These variables explain the PI with an R2 of 0.55, the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.8, and the root of the mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.0. The five selected variables are proposed to characterize the soil Productivity Index in banana and could be used in a site-specific soil management program for the banana areas of Venezuela.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Penetration resistance", "Musaceae", "BULK DENSITY", "SOIL QUALITY", "Total microbial respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TOTAL MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Bulk density", "Soil quality", "FREE-LIVING NEMATODES", "MUSACEAE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Free-living nematodes", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-31", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Tillage, Crop Rotation And N Fertilization To Wheat On Gaseous Emissions Under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Abstract   A field study was conducted to assess the effect of N fertilizer application to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), tillage system and crop rotation on total denitrification N losses, N2O and CO2 emissions under Mediterranean conditions in a long-term trial started 18 years ago on a Vertisol soil. The tillage system consisted of conventional tillage vs. no-tillage and the crop rotation system consisted of two different 2-years rotations: wheat\u2013sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS) and wheat\u2013faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (WF). Fertilizer rates were 0 and 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 applied to wheat splitted in two amendments of 50\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 each. Two different fertilization systems were studied. In the old fertilized plots system fertilizer had been applied for 18 years since the beginning of the trial, and in the new fertilized plots system fertilizer was applied for the first time when this experiment was started. Measurements were carried out after fertilizer applications.  In the long term, continued fertilizer application produced a higher soil total N content. Nevertheless, no increase in denitrification potential, N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification, N2O or CO2 emissions was observed either by the recent application of N or by the continued application during 18 years. The soil presented a higher potential to denitrify up to N2 than up to N2O. So, denitrification was probably occurring mainly in the form of N2, while N2O emissions were occurring in a great manner by nitrification, both denitrification and nitrification occurring simultaneously at soil field capacity (60\u201370%) expressed as water filled pore space (WFPS). Conventional tillage induced an increase in soil total N content and in the potential to denitrify up to N2 with respect to no-tillage. This higher potential was translated into higher N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification presumably stimulated in the short time by the higher available carbon provided by decomposing roots and by the subsequent creation of soil anaerobic microsites. Contrarily, no effect of tillage was observed on N2O emissions because of being produced in an important manner by nitrification, which does not depend on carbon availability. The wheat\u2013faba bean rotation induced higher soil nitrate contents than the wheat\u2013sunflower, although the effect in the long time was not observed regarding soil total N content. The same as for the fertilizer effect, this increase in nitrate content was not followed by a higher denitrification potential or higher N2O\u00a0+\u00a0N2 production by denitrification because of the lack of organic matter, while an increase was observed in N2O emissions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2007.12.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-16", "title": "Managing Tephrosia Mulch And Fertilizer To Enhance Coffee Productivity On Smallholder Farms In The Eastern African Highlands", "description": "Abstract   In Maraba, Southwest Rwanda, coffee productivity is constrained by poor soil fertility and lack of organic mulch. We investigated the potential to produce mulch by growing Tephrosia vogelii either intercropped with smallholder coffee or in arable fields outside the coffee, and the effect of the mulch on coffee yields over two years. Two accessions of T. vogelii (ex. Gisagara, Rwanda and ex. Kisumu, Kenya) were grown for six months both within and outside smallholder coffee fields in the first year. Experimental blocks were replicated across eight smallholder farms, only a single replicate per farm due to the small farm sizes. The accession from Rwanda (T. vogelii ex. Gisagara) grew more vigorously in all experiments. Soils within the coffee fields were more fertile those outside the coffee fields, presumably due to farmers\u2019 long-term management with mulch. Tephrosia grew less well in the fields outside coffee, producing only 0.6\u20130.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 of biomass and adding (in kg\u00a0ha\u22121) 19 N, 1 P and 6 K in the mulch. By contrast, Tephrosia intercropped with coffee, produced 1.4\u20131.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 of biomass and added (in kg\u00a0ha\u22121) 42\u201357 N, 3 P and 13\u201316 K in the mulch. Coffee yields were increased significantly by 400\u2013500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 only in the treatments where Tephrosia was intercropped with coffee. Soil analysis and a missing-nutrient pot experiment showed that the poor growth of Tephrosia in the fields outside coffee was due to soil acidity (aluminium toxicity) combined with deficiencies of P, K and Ca.  In the second year, the treatments in fields outside coffee were discontinued, and in the coffee intercrops, two Tephrosia accessions were grown in treatments with and without NPK fertilizer. Tephrosia grew well and produced between 2.5 and 3.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 biomass for the two accessions when interplanted within coffee fields, adding 103\u2013150\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121, 5\u20139\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u00a0ha\u22121 and 24\u201338\u00a0kg\u00a0K\u00a0ha\u22121. Tephrosia mulch increased yields of coffee by 400\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. Combined use of NPK\u00a0+\u00a0Tephrosia mulch increased Tephrosia biomass production and in turn yielded an additional 300\u2013700\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of coffee. Over the two years, this was equivalent to a 23\u201336% increase in coffee yield using Tephrosia intercropping alone and a further 25\u201342% increase in coffee yield when NPK fertilizer was also added. Agronomic efficiency (AE) of nutrients added were 30% greater when the Tephrosia mulch was grown in situ and the two cultivars of Tephrosia did not differ in AE. The AE of Tephrosia mulch was 87% that of NPK fertilizer, reflecting the rapid mineralization of Tephrosia mulch. There was a synergistic effect of Tephrosia mulch on the efficiency with which NPK fertilizer was used by coffee. The increase in coffee yields was positively related to the amount of nutrients added in the Tephrosia biomass. Tephrosia intercropping required 30 man-days\u00a0ha\u22121 less than current farmer management due to reduced labour required for weeding, and benefit\u2013cost ratios ranged between 3.4 and 5.5. The Tephrosia-coffee intercropping system offers great potential for agroecological intensification for smallholder farmers in the East African highlands.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "variability", "tephrosia", "coffee", "nitrogen release", "western kenya", "resource-allocation", "cropping systems", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "smallholder farmer", "15. Life on land", "improved fallows", "bukoba district", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "cover crops", "intercropping", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-08", "title": "Long-Term Impacts Of Season Of Grazing On Soil Carbon Sequestration And Selected Soil Properties In The Arid Eastern Cape, South Africa", "description": "The Karoo biomes of South Africa are major feed resources for livestock farming, yet soil nutrient depletion and degradation is a major problem. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of long-term (>75\u00a0years) grazing during spring (SPG), summer (SUG), winter (WG) and exclosure (non-grazed control) treatments on soil nutrients, penetration resistance and infiltration tests. A soil sampling campaign was carried out to collect soil to a depth of 60\u00a0cm to analyse bulk density, soil physical and chemical parameters as well as soil compaction and infiltration. Generally, grazing treatments reduced soil organic C (SOC) stocks and C:N ratios, and modified soil properties. There was higher SOC stock (0.128\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) in the exclosure than in the SPG (0.096\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121), SUG (0.099\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121) and WG (0.105\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121). The C:N ratios exhibited similar pattern to that of C. From the grazing treatments, the WG demonstrated 7 to 10\u00a0% additional SOC stock over the SPG and SUG, respectively. Short period animal exclusion could be an option to be considered to improve plant nutrients in sandy soils of South Africa. However, this may require a policy environment which supports stock exclusion from such areas vulnerable to land degradation, nutrient and C losses by grazing-induced vegetation and landscape changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Exclosure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Total nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Grazing season", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me aride", "13. Climate action", "Arid ecosystem", "mati\u00e8re organique", "saison de p\u00e2turage", "carbone organique du sol", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "azote total"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-18", "title": "Effects Of Soil Tillage And Fertilization On Resource Efficiency And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In A Long-Term Field Experiment In Southern Germany", "description": "Abstract   Two factorial long-term field experiments were carried out at the experimental site of Scheyern, located in southern Germany, 40\u00a0km north of Munich (48\u00b030\u20320\u2032 N, 11\u00b026\u203260\u2032 E). Here three soil tillage systems were investigated: CT (conventional tillage with moldboard plough, 25\u00a0cm plowing depth), RT1 (reduced tillage with chisel plow, 18\u00a0cm working depth), and RT2 (reduced tillage with chisel plow, 8\u00a0cm working depth). At the same time, three fertilization systems were analyzed (high (N3), medium (N2) and low (N1) mineral N input) with a crop rotation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) \u2013 potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) \u2013 winter wheat\u2013corn (Zea mays L.). The long-term effects of tillage and fertilization on yields, soil properties, nitrogen and energy efficiency, as well as greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) were investigated for the period of 1994\u20132005.  On average conventional tillage (CT) produced yields of 8.03 (N1), 8.82 (N2) and 8.88 (N3) GE (grain equivalents) ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121; reduced tillage (RT1) yields of 7.82 (N1), 8.54 (N2) and 9.10 (N3) GE ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 and RT2 yields of 6.9 (N1), 7.82 (N2) and 8.6 (N3) GE ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121.  The benefit of reduced soil tillage over CT is a lower consumption of diesel fuel (reduced by 35%) and fossil energy (by 10%), C sequestration and N accumulation in soil. We recorded the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) in the RT2 treatments with the lowest tillage intensity (52.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121) and the lowest SOC reserves in the CT plowed treatments (41.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). During the reported period, SOC reserves in the plowed treatments decreased by about 300\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, whereas they increased by 150\u2013500\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 in the chiseled treatments. Similar results were achieved with the soil organic nitrogen (SON) reserves based on the type of tillage. This amounted to around 4000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (CT), 4500\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 (RT1) and more than 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 (RT2).  The RT1 treatments were marked by high nutrient and energy efficiency. The disadvantage of reduced tillage lies in higher pesticide consumption and stronger soil compaction. The influence of reduced tillage was more pronounced in RT2 than in RT1 (higher SOC and SON content, higher soil dry bulk density, lower consumption of diesel fuel, higher pesticide input). The significant decreases in yield in the RT2 treatments reduced the nitrogen and energy efficiency and raised yield-related greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) in comparison to the RT1 treatments. In the case of reduced tillage combined with high N doses (RT1/N3, RT2/N2, RT2/N3), high N2O emissions of 10 to 12\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121 were measured using closed chambers. It was found that as input of mineral N increased, GGE for tillage treatments, both area and yield related also increased. In RT1/N1, negative net GGE were recorded due to high C sequestration combined with moderate N2O and CO2 emissions (-220\u00a0kg CO2 eq ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, \u221228\u00a0kg CO2 eq GE\u22121), whereas CT/N3 produced the highest net GGE (3587\u00a0kg CO2 eq ha\u22121\u00a0yr\u22121, 404\u00a0kg CO2 eq GE\u22121).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2013.02.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-02", "title": "Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems", "description": "Mediterranean environments are especially susceptible to soil erosion and to inappropriate soil management, leading to accelerated soil loss. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) practices (such as reduced tillage, no-tillage, cover crops, etc.,) have the potential to reduce soil, organic carbon (OC), and nutrient losses by erosion. However, the effectivity of these practices is site-dependent and varies under different rainfall conditions. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of SLM practices   in two rainfed systems (a wheat field and an almond orchard) representative of a large area of the driest Mediterranean regions - on runoff, soil erosion, particle size distribution, and OC and nutrient (N and P) contents in sediments. The influence of the rainfall characteristics on the effectiveness of the SLM practices was also evaluated. The SLM implemented were: reduced tillage (RT) in the wheat field and almond orchard and reduced tillage combined with green manure (RTG) in the almond orchard; these were compared to conventional tillage, the usual practice in the area. Open erosion plots were set up to monitor the effects of SLM on soil carbon and nutrients and on soil erosion after each rainfall event over six years (2010 2016). The results show that the SLM practices evaluated resulted in increased organic carbon (OC) and nutrients (N and P) contents in the soil, and reduced runoff, erosion, and mobilization of organic carbon and nutrients in sediments. Reductions in runoff of 30% and 65% and decreases in erosion of 65 and 85% were found in the wheat field and almond orchards, respectively. In addition, the total OC, N, and P losses in the wheat field were reduced by 56%, 45%, and 64%, respectively, while in the almond field the OC, N, and P losses were reduced by 90% under RT and by 85% under RTG. The beneficial effect of the SLM practices on soil erosion was observed within 18 months of their implementation and continued throughout the six years of the study. Furthermore, the effectiveness of tillage reduction with respect to erosion control and carbon and nutrients mobilization was highest during the most intense rainfall events, which are responsible for the highest erosion rates in Mediterranean areas. Our results support the key role of SLM practices under semiarid conditions as useful tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation, given the expected increase in high-intensity rainfall events in semiarid areas. \u00a9 2019 The Authors This study site has been funded by several national (CYCIT AGL201125069//CICYT AGL2010-20941//CGL2013-42009-R//CGL2014-55-405-R), Regional (S\u00e9neca Foundation: 08757/PI/08//19350/PI/14), and European Commission H2020 (F6 DG RTD 037046 and Grant 728003, DIVERFARMING projects). Joris de Vente acknowledges support from a Ram\u00f3n y Cajal research grant (RYC-2012-10375) and Mar\u00eda Almagro was supported by the Juan de la Cierva Program (IJCI-2015-23500).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Rainfed agroecosystems", "Green manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "6. Clean water", "ddc:", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Green manure | Organic carbon | Rainfed agroecosystems | Soil fertility | Tillage", "Organic carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-18", "title": "Effects Of No-Tillage Systems On Soil Physical Properties And Carbon Sequestration Under Long-Term Wheat\u2013Maize Double Cropping System", "description": "A thorough assessment of changes in soil quality associated with soil management practices is vital for the selection and establishment of sustainable agricultural management The winter wheat (Triticurn aestivum L)-maize (Zea mays L) double cropping system was used to study the integrated effects of a 9-year-old tillage coupled with fertilization on soil carbon sequestration and other physical properties in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Three tillage systems were selected: no-tillage with. straw cover plus recommended urea nitrogen rate (NTS), no-tillage with straw removed and manure applied plus recommended urea nitrogen rate (NTM), and conventional tillage with straw removed plus conventional urea nitrogen application rate (CT). There were three replicates of each treatment organized in a randomized block design. NTS and NTM treatments were found to result in a slightly decrease in the soil bulk density (BD), and significantly increased the proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA) (>2 mm), as well as the water infiltration capacity. The proportion of water stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), the mean weight diameter (MWD) and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates in the 0-20 cm layer were unchanged by NTS and NTM. The total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock at a depth of 0-60 cm was not significantly different among the treatments. Both aggregate-associated SOC concentration and stocks (0-5 cm) were significantly greater for NTS and NTM compared with CT, while CT led to a greater OC accumulation in the 20-60 cm soil layer compared with NTS and in the 10-20 cm compared with NTM. The mesoaggregate fraction (2-0.25 mm) and its associated OC pool accounted for the highest percentages in the whole soil profile under the CT treatment The NT system was found to have a positive effect on the investigated soil physical properties and increase soil carbon content in the soil surface layer. The CT system in conjunction with the wheat-maize double cropping system, however, improved soil aggregation in the soil profile (0-60 cm) and also maintained a higher fraction of SOC in the subsoil compared with the NT systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+forestry&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+forestry&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+forestry&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+forestry&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 8202, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T23:14:35.583015Z"}