{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-12", "title": "Fresh rumen liquid inoculant enhances the rumen microbial community establishment in pre-weaned dairy calves", "description": "

The development of the functional rumen in calves involves a complex interplay between the host and host-related microbiome. Attempts to modulate rumen microbial community establishment may therefore have an impact on weaning success, calf health, and animal performance later in life. In this experiment, we aimed to elucidate how rumen liquid inoculum from an adult cow, provided to calves during the pre-weaning period, influences the establishment of rumen bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and ciliate protozoan communities in monozygotic twin calves (n = 6 pairs). The calves were divided into treatment (T-group) and control (C-group) groups, where the T-group received fresh rumen liquid as an oral inoculum during a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff938-week period. The C-group was not inoculated. The rumen microbial community composition was determined using bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, protozoal 18S rRNA gene, and fungal ITS1 region amplicon sequencing. Animal weight gain and feed intake were monitored throughout the experiment. The T-group tended to have a higher concentrate intake (Treatment: p < 0.08) and had a significantly higher weekly weight gain (Treatment: p < 0.05), but no significant difference in volatile fatty acid concentrations between the groups was observed. In the T-group, the inoculum stimulated the earlier establishment of mature rumen-related bacterial taxa, affecting significant differences between the groups until 6 weeks of age. The inoculum also increased the archaeal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversity (Treatment: p < 0.05) but did not affect the archaeal quantity. Archaeal communities differed significantly between groups until week 4 (p = 0.02). Due to the inoculum, ciliate protozoa were detected in the T-group in week 2, while the C-group remained defaunated until 6 weeks of age. In week 8, Eremoplastron dilobum was the dominant ciliate protozoa in the C-group and Isotricha sp. in the T-group, respectively. The Shannon diversity of rumen anaerobic fungi reduced with age (Week: p < 0.01), and community establishment was influenced by a change of diet and potential interaction with other rumen microorganisms. Our results indicate that an adult cow rumen liquid inoculum enhanced the maturation of bacterial and archaeal communities in pre-weaning calves\uffe2\uff80\uff99 rumen, whereas its effect on eukaryotic communities was less clear and requires further investigation.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Anaerobic fungi", "microbiome establishment", "archaea", "Rumen function", "Microbiome manipulation", "Microbiology", "630", "Microbiome establishment", "ciliate protozoa", "03 medical and health sciences", "Dairy calf", "anaerobic fungi", "bacteria", "[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "ta412", "Bacteria", "dairy calf", "Animal science", " dairy science", "Archaea", "Ciliate protozoa", "QR1-502", "rumen function", "[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology", "microbiome manipulation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp3.10222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-24", "title": "The emerging threat of human\u2010use antifungals in sustainable and circular agriculture schemes", "description": "Societal Impact Statement

Rapidly growing global populations mandate greater crop productivity despite increasingly scarce natural resources, including freshwater. The adoption of sustainable agricultural practices seek to address such issues, but an unintended consequence is the exposure of agricultural soils and associated biota to emerging contaminants including azole pharmaceutical antifungals. We show that environmentally relevant exposure to three commonly prescribed azole antifungals can reduce mycorrhizal 33P transfer from the soil into the host plant. This suggests that exposure to azoles may have a significant impact on mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated transfer of nutrients in soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant systems. Understanding the unintended consequences of sustainable agricultural practices is needed to ensure the security and safety of future food production systems.

Summary

Sustainable farming practices are increasingly necessary to meet the demands of a growing population under constraints imposed by climate change. These practices, in particular the reuse of wastewater and amending soil with wastewater derived biosolids, provide a pathway for man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made chemicals to enter the agricultural environment.

Among the chemicals commonly detected in wastewater and biosolids are pharmaceutical azole antifungals. Fungi, in particular mycorrhiza\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming fungal symbionts of plant roots, are key drivers of nutrient cycling in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant system. As such, greater understanding of the impacts of azole antifungal exposure in agricultural systems is urgently needed.

We exposed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Skyfall\uffe2\uff80\uff99) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to environmentally relevant concentrations of three azole antifungals (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate and fluconazole). We traced the mycorrhizal\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquired 33P from the soil into the host plant in contaminated versus non\uffe2\uff80\uff90contaminated soils and found 33P transfer from mycorrhizal fungi to host plants was reduced in soils containing antifungals. This represents a potentially major disruption to soil nutrient flows as a result of soil contamination.

Our work raises the major issue of exposure of soil biota to pharmaceuticals such as azole antifungals, introduced via sustainable agricultural practices, as a potentially globally important disruptive influence on soil nutrient cycles. The impacts of these compounds on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target organisms, beneficial mycorrhizal fungi in particular, could have major implications on security and sustainability of future food systems.

Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherent properties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected. Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence the effect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found that polyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered and drought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highest biomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plant biomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter of soil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system was contaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to the mounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant-soil system by promoting plant growth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positively influenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plastic still had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic might interact with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Organic matter decomposition", "Drought", "Microplastic", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Root traits", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Soil aggregation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42832-020-0060-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-31", "title": "Impact On Soil Quality Of A 10-Year-Old Short-Rotation Coppice Poplar Stand Compared With Intensive Agricultural And Uncultivated Systems In A Mediterranean Area", "description": "Bioenergy crops play an ecologically and economically fundamental role as an alternative to agri-food productions and as renewable energy sources. Little attention has been focused on soil quality following conversion of agricultural lands to biomass crops. Here, we assessed the impact of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice (SRC) poplar stand on the main soil chemical parameters, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Three different harvest frequencies of poplar SRC (annual T1, biannual T2 and triennial T3 cutting cycles) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that poplar SRC improved soil quality compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. T1 and T2 positively affected AMF inoculum potential and root colonisation of a co-occurring plant species, while T3 improved the majority of soil chemical and biochemical parameters. Moreover, three different AMF morphospecies belonging to the genera Glomus and Scutellospora were found in poplar SRC, while morphospecies belonging exclusively to genera Glomus were recorded in intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Such aspects have agro-ecological implications, since the positive changes of soil nutrient availability and carbon content together with a high abundance and diversity of soil biota show clear soil sustainability of poplar SRC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Short-rotation forestry; Cutting cycle; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Microbial biomass carbon; Soil respiration; Multivariate analysis", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-10", "title": "The Cover Crop Determines The Amf Community Composition In Soil And In Roots Of Maize After A Ten-Year Continuous Crop Rotation", "description": "Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for soil biological degradation. By stimulating indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cover cropping enhances soil health and promotes agroecosystem sustainability. Still, the legacy effects of cover crops (CCs) and the major factors driving the AM fungal community are not well known; neither is the influence of the specific CC. This work describes a field experiment established in Central Spain to test the effect of replacing winter fallow by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or vetch (Vicia sativa L.) during the intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.). We examined the community composition of the AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil associated with the subsequent cash crop after 10\u202fyears of cover cropping, using Illumina technology. The multivariate analysis showed that the AMF communities under the barley treatment differed significantly from those under fallow, whereas no legacy effect of the vetch CC was detected. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, Ca and microbial biomass carbon were identified as major factors shaping soil AMF communities. Specific AMF taxa were found to play a role in plant uptake of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cd, which may shed light on the functionality of these taxa. In our conditions, the use of barley as a winter CC appears to be an appropriate choice with respect to promotion of AMF populations and biological activity in agricultural soils with intercropping systems. However, more research on CC species and their legacy effect on the microbial community composition and functionality are needed to guide decisions in knowledge-based agriculture.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Diversity", "Cover cropping", "Grass", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "Crop Production", "Legume", "Spain", "Long-term experiment", "Mycorrhizae", "Long-term experiments", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illumina technology", "Mediterranean climate", "Soil Microbiology", "Mycobiome"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111796", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-29", "title": "Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungal phyla as indicators of land use efficiency for soil organic carbon accrual with woody plantations", "description": "As soil fungi are major players in the carbon accumulation process, the two main fungal degraders in topsoil, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, were investigated as indicators of land use effectiveness in increasing soil carbon accumulation and soil function. The study focused on the soil organic carbon content increase in a 20-year short rotation forest cycle with broadleaf woody plantations compared to a nearby arable cropping system. Total fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, were quantified in terms of DNA copy number, with specific probes using SYBR\u00ae Green I dye on the QuantStudio\u2122 3D digital PCR system (dPCR). Previously, next generation sequencing analysis using a general primer confirmed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most represented phyla and that fungal community composition significantly differed between treatments. A range of key soil enzyme activities for the C-cycle were also assessed. Total organic carbon content (TOC), microbial biomass in term of dsDNA and enzyme activities significantly increased in woody plantations compared to arable soil. The TOC increase differed significantly also between wood species, Salix and Robina gave the greatest increase (+30 and 20\u00a0% respectively), followed by Populus (+12), microbial biomass highly correlated with TOC showing the same trend. Total fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased significantly in three woody plantations compared to the arable soil system. Ascomycota in the woody plantations increased two to four times (average 3144 n copies \u00b5l\u22121 of DNA) compared to the arable soil (1419 n copies \u00b5l\u22121); Basidiomycota were almost absent in arable soil (av. 94n copies \u00b5l\u22121) and increased five to six times in woody plantations (av. 490 n copies \u00b5l\u22121). Total fungi and ascomycetes correlated strongly with microbial biomass and TOC, whereas basidiomycetes did not. These findings showed that Ascomycota represent the largest portion of fungi in agricultural soils even after a 20-years short rotation forest cycle and they can be taken as indicators of carbon accumulation processes. Therefore, this study suggests that joining the Ascomycetes quantity in the topsoil to the Ascomycota:Basidiomycota ratio seems a good option when setting regional strategies for improving C accrual in farmland with the short-term afforestation.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "01 natural sciences", "Saproptrophic soil fungi", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Short rotation forest", "Digital PCR", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Manici, Luisa M., Caputo, Francesco, Fornasier, Flavio, Paletto, Alessandro, Ceotto, Enrico, De Meo, Isabella,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111796"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Indicators", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111796", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111796", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111796"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13607", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-28", "title": "UV index and climate seasonality explain fungal community turnover in global drylands", "description": "AbstractAim

Fungi are major drivers of ecosystem functioning. Increases in aridity are known to negatively impact fungal community composition in dryland ecosystems globally; yet, much less is known on the potential influence of other environmental drivers, and whether these relationships are linear or nonlinear.

Time period

2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932021.

Location

Global.

Major taxa studied

Fungi.

Methods

We re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysed multiple datasets from different dryland biogeographical regions, for a total of 912 samples and 1,483 taxa. We examined geographical patterns in community diversity and composition, and spatial, edaphic and climatic factors driving them.

Results

UV index, climate seasonality, and sand content were the most important environmental predictors of community shifts, showing the strongest association with the richness of putative plant pathogens and saprobes. Important nonlinear relationships existed with each of these fungal guilds, with increases in UV and temperature seasonality above 7.5 and 900 SD (standard deviation x 100 of the mean monthly temperature), respectively, being associated with an increased probability of plant pathogen and unspecified saprotroph occurrence. Conversely, these environmental parameters had a negative relationship with litter and soil saprotroph richness. Consequently, these ecological groups might be particularly sensitive to shifts in UV radiation and climate seasonality, which is likely to disturb current plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil dynamics in drylands.

Main conclusions

Our synthesis integrates fungal community data from drylands across the globe, allowing the investigation of fungal distribution and providing the first evidence of shifts in fungal diversity and composition of key fungal ecological groups along diverse spatial, climatic and edaphic gradients in these widely distributed ecosystems. Our findings imply that shifts in soil structure and seasonal climatic patterns induced by global change will have disproportionate consequences for the distribution of fungal groups linked to vegetation and biogeochemical cycling in drylands, with implications for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in drylands.Despite having key functions in terrestrial ecosystems, information on the dominant soil fungi and their ecological preferences at the global scale is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 235 soils from across the globe. Our findings indicate that 83 phylotypes (<0.1% of the retrieved fungi), mostly belonging to wind dispersed, generalist Ascomycota, dominate soils globally. We identify patterns and ecological drivers of dominant soil fungal taxa occurrence, and present a map of their distribution in soils worldwide. Whole-genome comparisons with less dominant, generalist fungi point at a significantly higher number of genes related to stress-tolerance and resource uptake in the dominant fungi, suggesting that they might be better in colonising a wide range of environments. Our findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of the ecology of fungi, and have implications for the development of strategies to preserve them and the ecosystem functions they provide.Boreal forests are ecosystems with low nitrogen (N) availability that store globally significant amounts of carbon (C), mainly in plant biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Although crucial for future climate change predictions, the mechanisms controlling boreal C and N pools are not well understood. Here, using a three-year field experiment, we compare SOM decomposition and stabilization in the presence of roots, with exclusion of roots but presence of fungal hyphae and with exclusion of both roots and fungal hyphae. Roots accelerate SOM decomposition compared to the root exclusion treatments, but also promote a different soil N economy with higher concentrations of organic soil N compared to inorganic soil N accompanied with the build-up of stable SOM-N. In contrast, root exclusion leads to an inorganic soil N economy (i.e., high level of inorganic N) with reduced stable SOM-N build-up. Based on our findings, we provide a framework on how plant roots affect SOM decomposition and stabilization.

", "keywords": ["roots", "0106 biological sciences", "330", "Nitrogen", "Science", "ta1171", "Hyphae", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "POLYPHENOLS", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "soil organic matter", "Taiga", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SUGAR MAPLE", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "forest ecology", "106026 Ecosystem research", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "TANNINS", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "MYCORRHIZA", "Q", "ta1182", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Environmental sciences", "NITROGEN", "Boreal forests", "106026 \u00d6kosystemforschung", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "106022 Microbiology", "ta1181", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "COMMUNITIES", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11993-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-019-11993-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-50565-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-02", "title": "Tradeoffs in hyphal traits determine mycelium architecture in saprobic fungi", "description": "Abstract

The fungal mycelium represents the essence of the fungal lifestyle, and understanding how a mycelium is constructed is of fundamental importance in fungal biology and ecology. Previous studies have examined initial developmental patterns or focused on a few strains, often mutants of model species, and frequently grown under non-harmonized growth conditions; these factors currently collectively hamper systematic insights into rules of mycelium architecture. To address this, we here use a broader suite of fungi (31 species including members of the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota), all isolated from the same soil, and tested for ten architectural traits under standardized laboratory conditions. We find great variability in traits among the saprobic fungal species, and detect several clear tradeoffs in mycelial architecture, for example between internodal length and hyphal diameter. Within the constraints so identified, we document otherwise great versatility in mycelium architecture in this set of fungi, and there was no evidence of trait \uffe2\uff80\uff98syndromes\uffe2\uff80\uff99 as might be expected. Our results point to an important dimension of fungal properties with likely consequences for coexistence within local communities, as well as for functional complementarity (e.g. decomposition, soil aggregation).

", "keywords": ["580", "saprobic fungi", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Basidiomycota", "Hyphae", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ascomycota", "Biological Variation", " Population", "Mucor", "determine mycelium architecture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-50565-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50565-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-50565-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-50565-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-50565-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ele.13632", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-11", "title": "Soil fungal mycelia have unexpectedly flexible stoichiometric C:N and C:P ratios", "description": "Abstract

Soil ecological stoichiometry provides powerful theories to integrate the complex interplay of element cycling and microbial communities into biogeochemical models. One essential assumption is that microbes maintain stable C:N:P (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) ratios independent of resource supply, although such homeostatic regulations have rarely been assessed in individual microorganisms. Here, we report an unexpected high flexibility in C:N and C:P values of saprobic fungi along nutrient supply gradients, overall ranging between 7\uffe2\uff80\uff90126 and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff901488, respectively, questioning microbial homeostasis. Fungal N:P varied comparatively less due to simultaneous reductions in mycelial N and P contents. As a mechanism, internal recycling processes during mycelial growth and an overall reduced N and P uptake appear more relevant than element storage. The relationships among fungal stoichiometry and growth disappeared in more complex media. These findings affect our interpretation of stoichiometric imbalances among microbes and soils and are highly relevant for developing microbial soil organic carbon and nitrogen models.

", "keywords": ["saprobic fungi", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "fungal nutrient retranslocation", "Nitrogen", "nutrient limitations", "microbial carbon sequestration", "Phosphorus", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "soil ecological stoichiometry", "Soil", "element homeostasis", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "mycelial growth", "C:N:P ratios", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ele.13632"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13632"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ele.13632", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ele.13632", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ele.13632"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-17", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Of Wheat Under Long-Term Mineral And Organic Amendments In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Turkey", "description": "A minimal amount of information is currently available concerning arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with crops in semi-arid zones on Leptosols in Turkey. Therefore, using molecular ecological techniques, we studied the effects of different management practices (without fertilization, chemical fertilization, farmyard manure, and plant compost amendments) on AM fungal communities associated with wheat roots. Experiments were conducted in a field established in 1996 in southern Mediterranean Turkey where soil productivity is low owing to unfavorable climatic effects and soil characteristics. We determined 201 partial sequences of AM fungal nuclear ribosomal large subunit genes. The higher AM fungal richness was found in the control treatment without fertilization and plant compost treatments compared with the chemical fertilization and farmyard manure treatments. Clones related to Rhizophagus were found in all treatments and accounted for 37% of the total AM fungal clones, whereas those of Funneliformis were dominant under chemical fertilization. Redundancy analysis based on the frequency of operational taxonomic units revealed that AM fungal communities were divided into three groups, namely, the control treatment, the chemical fertilization treatment, and the organic treatments (farmyard manure and plant compost treatments). Although different organic amendments supported relatively similar AM fungal communities, plant compost induced higher AM fungal richness than farmyard manure fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Leptosol", "southern Mediterranean Turkey", "organic fertilization", "large ribosomal subunits (LSU rDNA)", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "community analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324982.2016.1177749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-27", "title": "Not only priming: Soil microbiota may protect tomato from root pathogens", "description": "An increasing number of studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity. However, the mechanisms regulating plant responses to soil microbiota are largely unknown. A previous work tested the hypothesis that tomato plants grown on native soils with their complex microbiotas respond differently from tomato growing in a sterile substrate. Two soils, suppressive or conducive to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and two genotypes susceptible and resistant to the same pathogen were considered. The work highlighted that the two tested soil microbiotas, irrespectively of their taxonomic composition, elicit the PAMP-triggered Immunity Pathway, the first level of plant defence, as well as an increased lignin synthesis, leading to an active protection when FOL is present in the soil. Here, we tested the expression of a panel of genes involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI), demonstrating that soil microbiota, beside genotype, affects plant resistance to FOL also modulating this pathway.", "keywords": ["suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "defence responses; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; gene expression; lignin biosynthesis; microbiota; suppressive and conducive soils; susceptible and resistant genotypes; tomato; Plant Science", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "15. Life on land", "defence responses", "03 medical and health sciences", "Fusarium", "Solanum lycopersicum", "microbiota", "gene expression", "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici", "lignin biosynthesis", "Soil Microbiology", "Plant Diseases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1677702/2/Chialva_et_al_2018_PostPrint.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Signaling%20%26amp%3B%20Behavior", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15592324.2018.1464855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1020465", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-03", "title": "Sub-lethal fungicide concentrations both reduce and stimulate the growth rate of non-target soil fungi from a natural grassland", "description": "

Conventional agriculture has relied extensively on the use of fungicides to prevent or control crop diseases. However, some fungicides, particularly broad-spectrum fungicides, not only eliminate target pathogens but also non-target and beneficial soil microbes. This scenario is not only limited to agricultural soil, but this may also potentially occur when neighboring environments are contaminated by fungicides through spray drift. Although concentrations may be sub-lethal, the chemicals may accumulate in the soil when used continuously resulting in more toxic effects. In this study, the effect on the colony extension rate of 31 filamentous soil saprobic fungi, initially isolated from a protected grassland ecosystem, were analyzed under fungicide treatment. These isolates were considered naive (no deliberate exposure), hence presumed to have not developed resistance. Two currently used fungicides with different modes of action were added to Potato Dextrose Agar at varying concentrations. Results showed a wide range of tolerance and sensitivity to isopyrazam and prothioconazole. Fungi belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota were most negatively affected by both fungicides. Phylum Mucoromycota were the most tolerant to prothioconazole while isolates belonging to phylum Ascomycota differed in their responses to both fungicides. Negative effects on the growth rate were more pronounced at higher concentrations except for a few isolates that were inhibited at 1\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffb7L\uffe2\uff88\uff921. A slightly positive effect was also observed in three of the isolates under fungicide treatment. Lastly, the negative impact of fungicides was not associated with the growth strategy of the fungi, whether fast growing or slow growing, rather it is isolate-specific and phylogenetically conserved. The results of this study demonstrate that co-occurring fungi differ in their sensitivity to fungicides even without prior exposure. This difference in sensitivity among co-occurring fungi may result in shifts in community composition of the soil fungal community to the detriment of the more sensitive isolates.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "soil filamentous fungi", "Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "differential sensitivity", "fungicide", "GE1-350", "15. Life on land", "grassland", "non-target fungi"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jeane A. dela Cruz, Jeane A. dela Cruz, Tessa Camenzind, Tessa Camenzind, Matthias C. Rillig, Matthias C. Rillig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1020465"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1020465", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.1020465", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1020465"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-14", "title": "Fungus-bacterium associations are widespread in fungal cultures isolated from a semi-arid natural grassland in Germany", "description": "ABSTRACT

We report on a study that aimed at establishing a large soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93fungal culture collection spanning a wide taxonomic diversity and systematically screening the collection for bacterial associations. Fungal cultures were isolated from soil samples obtained from a natural grassland in eastern Germany and bacterial associations were assessed by PCR-amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. In addition, intraspecies genetic diversities of a subset of the isolated species were estimated by double-digest restriction associated DNA sequencing. A total of 688 fungal cultures, representing at least 106 fungal species from 36 different families, were obtained and even though clonal isolates were identified in almost all fungal species subjected to ddRAD-seq, relatively high genetic diversities could be observed in some of the isolated species. A total of 69% of the fungal isolates in our collection were found to be associated with bacteria and the most commonly identified bacterial genera were Pelomonas, Enterobacter and Burkholderia. Our results indicate that bacterial associations commonly occur in soil fungi, even if antibiotics are being applied during the isolation process, and provide a basis for the use of our culture collection in ecological experiments that want to acknowledge the importance of intraspecies genetic diversity.

", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "0303 health sciences", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Bacteria", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Fungi", "Life Sciences", "15. Life on land", "bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "bepress|Life Sciences", "Germany", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Humans", "Bacteria ; Fungal-bacterial Interaction ; Soil Fungi ; Ddrad Sequencing", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article-pdf/97/5/fiab059/37624504/fiab059.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiab059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiab059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiab059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.14178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-10", "title": "Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling", "description": "Abstract

Increased human\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms adopt a series of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies to offset N loading\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms; however, it remains unclear how P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems.

Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90level P limitation.

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N loading can cause plants and soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineralizing and P\uffe2\uff80\uff90solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration.

The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between different plant P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.During the last few decades, a plethora of sequencing studies provided insight into fungal community composition under various environmental conditions. Still, the mechanisms of species assembly and fungal spread in soil remain largely unknown. While mycelial growth patterns are studied extensively, the abundant formation of asexual spores is often overlooked, though representing a substantial part of the fungal life cycle relevant for survival and dispersal. Here, we explore asexual sporulation (spore abundance, size and shape) in 32 co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring soil fungal isolates under varying resource conditions, to answer the question whether resource limitation triggers or inhibits fungal investment into reproduction. We further hypothesized that trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs exist in fungal investment towards growth, spore production and size. The results revealed overall increased fungal investment into spore production under resource limitations; however, effect sizes and response types varied strongly among fungal isolates. Such isolate\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific effects were apparent in all measured traits, resulting in unique trait spaces of individual isolates. This comprehensive dataset also elucidated variability in sporulation strategies and trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs with fungal growth and reproduction under resource scarcity, as only predicted by theoretical models before. The observed isolate\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific strategies likely underpin mechanisms of co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence in this diverse group of saprobic soil fungi.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00e4t", "Reproduction", "Fungi", "1. No poverty", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "maaper\u00e4eli\u00f6st\u00f6", "Spores", " Fungal", "15. Life on land", "lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "fungal spread", "Phenotype", "fungal community composition", "Reproduction", " Asexual", "soil fungi", "suvuton lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "sienet", "iti\u00f6t", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16012"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.16012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.16012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.16012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-19", "title": "Plant Species Richness, Elevated Co2, And Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition And Function", "description": "Abstract

We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.

", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.13090", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-22", "title": "Inconsistent effects of agricultural practices on soil fungal communities across 12 European long\u2010term experiments", "description": "Abstract

Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e., tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites, whereas plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems, but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type and climatic conditions.

Highlights

Soil fungi were analysed using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments

Fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently at different sites

Only reduced fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site specific.

Fungal community structure varied significantly between sites, crops and climate conditions; therefore, more cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90site studies are needed in order to manage beneficial soil fungi in agricultural systems.

", "keywords": ["soil‐", "DIVERSITY", "0607 Plant Biology", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "Soil Science", "ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "FERTILIZATION", "improving cropping systems", "soil fungi", "0503 Soil Sciences", "S Agriculture (General)", "CROPS", "METAANALYSIS", "TILLAGE", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "long‐", "LAND-USE", "soil-improving cropping systems", "Agriculture", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "PERFORMANCE", "15. Life on land", "4106 Soil sciences", "long-term experiments", "organic amendments", "tillage", "term experiments", "POPULATIONS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "BIODIVERSITY", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16456/1/ejss.13090.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.13090", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.13090", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.13090"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ele.12826", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-18", "title": "Soil microbial communities drive the resistance of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change in drylands across the globe", "description": "Abstract

The relationship between soil microbial communities and the resistance of multiple ecosystem functions linked to C, N and P cycling (multifunctionality resistance) to global change has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We collected soils from 59 dryland ecosystems worldwide to investigate the importance of microbial communities as predictor of multifunctionality resistance to climate change and nitrogen fertilisation. Multifunctionality had a lower resistance to wetting\uffe2\uff80\uff93drying cycles than to warming or N deposition. Multifunctionality resistance was regulated by changes in microbial composition (relative abundance of phylotypes) but not by richness, total abundance of fungi and bacteria or the fungal: bacterial ratio. Our results suggest that positive effects of particular microbial taxa on multifunctionality resistance could potentially be controlled by altering soil pH. Together, our work demonstrates strong links between microbial community composition and multifunctionality resistance in dryland soils from six continents, and provides insights into the importance of microbial community composition for buffering effects of global change in drylands worldwide.Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90alpine heathlands are thought to be particularly sensitive to nitrogen (N) deposition, climate and land management change, yet little is known about how these factors regulate key belowground processes, like litter turnover, under field conditions. Here we use an in situ factorial field experiment to test the effects of increased atmospheric N deposition, climate manipulation and past vegetation burning, and their interactions, on litter decomposition and the activity and diversity of associated microorganisms. The use of litter from within (native) and outwith (standard) the experimental plots also enabled us to test whether decomposition and microbial functional diversity is driven primarily by soil conditions or litter chemistry. In general, extracellular enzyme activities of litter were driven by additions of simulated N deposition with phosphatase being the most responsive. We found that standard litter incubated in plots that had been burnt 8 years previously decomposed slower and lost less N and phosphorus than in unburnt plots. This material also had associated with it the greatest activity of glucosidase and the least diverse microbial community, as assessed by culture\uffe2\uff80\uff90independent methods. Although all treatments significantly affected microbial diversity, burning explained most of the variability, indicating a close coupling between plant and microbial communities in these treatments. A striking feature of all the data relating to both standard and native litter was an almost complete lack of interactive effects between the treatments. The lack of interactions between the treatments indicates that each perturbation might affect different mechanisms in the decomposition process (including the composition of associated microbial communities) and nutrient cycling.

", "keywords": ["climate change", "enzyme activities", "soil microorganisms", "soil bacteria", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "soil fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02196.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14306", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-11", "title": "Effects of climate legacies on above\u2010 and belowground community assembly", "description": "Abstract

The role of climatic legacies in regulating community assembly of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground species in terrestrial ecosystems remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Here, we report on two separate regional and continental empirical studies, including >500 locations, aiming to identify the relative importance of climatic legacies (climatic anomaly over the last 20,000\uffc2\uffa0years) compared to current climates in predicting the relative abundance of ecological clusters formed by species strongly co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring within two independent above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground networks. Climatic legacies explained a significant portion of the variation in the current community assembly of terrestrial ecosystems (up to 15.4%) that could not be accounted for by current climate, soil properties, and management. Changes in the relative abundance of ecological clusters linked to climatic legacies (e.g., past temperature) showed the potential to indirectly alter other clusters, suggesting cascading effects. Our work illustrates the role of climatic legacies in regulating ecosystem community assembly and provides further insights into possible winner and loser community assemblies under global change scenarios.South China has been experiencing very high rate of acid deposition and severe soil acidification in recent decades, which has been proposed to exacerbate the regional ecosystem phosphorus (P) limitation. We conducted a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field experiment of simulated acid deposition to examine how acidification impacts seasonal changes of different soil P fractions in a tropical forest with highly acidic soils in south China. As expected, acid addition significantly increased occluded P pool but reduced the other more labile P pools in the dry season. In the wet season, however, acid addition did not change microbial P, soluble P and labile organic P pools. Acid addition significantly increased exchangeable Al3+ and Fe3+ and the activation of Fe oxides in both seasons. Different from the decline of microbial abundance in the dry season, acid addition increased ectomycorrhizal fungi and its ratio to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the wet season, which significantly stimulated phosphomonoesterase activities and likely promoted the dissolution of occluded P. Our results suggest that, even in already highly acidic soils, the acidification\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced P limitation could be alleviated by stimulating ectomycorrhizal fungi and phosphomonoesterase activities. The differential responses and microbial controls of seasonal soil P transformation revealed here should be implemented into ecosystem biogeochemical model for predicting plant productivity under future acid deposition scenarios.Climate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Warming And Drying Suppress Microbial Activity And Carbon Cycling In Boreal Forest Soils", "description": "Abstract

Climate warming is expected to have particularly strong effects on tundra and boreal ecosystems, yet relatively few studies have examined soil responses to temperature change in these systems. We used closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90top greenhouses to examine the response of soil respiration, nutrient availability, microbial abundance, and active fungal communities to soil warming in an Alaskan boreal forest dominated by mature black spruce. This treatment raised soil temperature by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and also resulted in a 22% decline in soil water content. We hypothesized that microbial abundance and activity would increase with the greenhouse treatment. Instead, we found that bacterial and fungal abundance declined by over 50%, and there was a trend toward lower activity of the chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymeN\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase. Soil respiration also declined by up to 50%, but only late in the growing season. These changes were accompanied by significant shifts in the community structure of active fungi, with decreased relative abundance of a dominant Thelephoroid fungus and increased relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes in response to warming. In line with our hypothesis, we found that warming marginally increased soil ammonium and nitrate availability as well as the overall diversity of active fungi. Our results indicate that rising temperatures in northern\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems may not always cause a positive feedback to the soil carbon cycle, particularly in boreal forests with drier soils. Models of carbon cycle\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedbacks could increase their predictive power by incorporating heterogeneity in soil properties and microbial communities across the boreal zone.

", "keywords": ["nucleotide analog", "warming", "Ecology", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "Climate Action", "mycorrhizal fungi", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "microbial community", "bacteria", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt65m167kr/qt65m167kr.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01716.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-09", "title": "Native soils with their microbiotas elicit a state of alert in tomato plants", "description": "Summary

Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas.

Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium).

Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam\uffe2\uff80\uff90disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil.

The \uffe2\uff80\uff98state of alert\uffe2\uff80\uff99 detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Proteome", "Propanols", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "tomato", "Lignin", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "defence responses", "Tomato", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Stress", " Physiological", "microbiota", "Plant Immunity", "Soil Microbiology", "suppressive and conducive soils", "susceptible and resistant genotypes", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Defence responses", "Microbiota", "15. Life on land", "Lignin biosynthesis", "Gene Ontology", "Susceptible and resistant genotypes", "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Defence responses; Lignin biosynthesis; Microbiota; Suppressive and conducive soils; Susceptible and resistant genotypes; Tomato; Physiology; Plant Science", "Suppressive and conducive soils", "Transcriptome", "lignin biosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1660820/1/Chialva%20et%20al%20Iris.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jam.13606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-09", "title": "Soil Microbiota Respond To Green Manure In Organic Vineyards", "description": "The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of biodynamic management with and without the addition of green manure, in comparison with organic management, on the microbiota in vineyards soil.High throughput sequencing was used to compare the taxonomic structure of the soil bacterial and fungal communities from vineyards managed with different methods (organic, biodynamic or biodynamic with green manure). Our results showed that microbial communities associated with biodynamic and organic farming systems were very similar, while green manure was the greatest source of soil microbial biodiversity and significantly changed microbial richness and community composition compared with other soils. Green manure also significantly enriched bacterial taxa involved in the soil nitrogen cycle (e.g. Microvirga sp., Pontibacter sp. and Nitrospira sp.).Our results showed that the diversity and composition of the microbial communities associated with biodynamic and organic farming systems were similar, indicating that the use of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 did not cause any significant detectable changes to the soil microbial community in the short term, while the effects of green manure were significant in soil microbiota.The microbiological richness and structure of soil are used as a sensitive indicator of soil quality. The extension of organic/biodynamic farming, associated with green manure application, could contribute to increase the abundance of functional groups of biological and agronomical relevance and maintaining microbial biodiversity in vineyard soils.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Microbial diversity", "Organic Agriculture", "0303 health sciences", "bacteria; biodynamic vineyard; fungi; green manure; microbial community structure; microbial diversity; organic vineyard; soil microbiology; soil vineyard", "Microbiota", "Green manure", "Microbial community structure", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "630", "Manure", "Soil vineyard", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Soil microbiology", "13. Climate action", "Settore AGR/16 - MICROBIOLOGIA AGRARIA", "Vitis", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/283669/1/jam.13606.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13606"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jam.13606", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jam.13606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jam.13606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.15120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-02", "title": "Biocrust\u2010forming mosses mitigate the impact of aridity on soil microbial communities in drylands: observational evidence from three continents", "description": "Summary

Recent research indicates that increased aridity linked to climate change will reduce the diversity of soil microbial communities and shift their community composition in drylands, Earth's largest biome. However, we lack both a theoretical framework and solid empirical evidence of how important biotic components from drylands, such as biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses, will regulate the responses of microbial communities to expected increases in aridity with climate change.

Here we report results from a cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90continental (North America, Europe and Australia) survey of 39 locations from arid to humid ecosystems, where we evaluated how biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses regulate the relationship between aridity and the community composition and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in dryland ecosystems.

Increasing aridity was negatively related to the richness of fungi, and either positively or negatively related to the relative abundance of selected microbial phyla, when biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses were absent. Conversely, we found an overall lack of relationship between aridity and the relative abundance and richness of microbial communities under biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses.

Our results suggest that biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses mitigate the impact of aridity on the community composition of globally distributed microbial taxa, and the diversity of fungi. They emphasize the importance of maintaining biocrusts as a sanctuary for soil microbes in drylands.

We lack strong empirical evidence for links between plant attributes (plant community attributes and functional traits) and the distribution of soil microbial communities at large spatial scales.

Using datasets from two contrasting regions and ecosystem types in Australia and England, we report that aboveground plant community attributes, such as diversity (species richness) and cover, and functional traits can predict a unique portion of the variation in the diversity (number of phylotypes) and community composition of soil bacteria and fungi that cannot be explained by soil abiotic properties and climate. We further identify the relative importance and evaluate the potential direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties and plant attributes in regulating the diversity and community composition of soil microbial communities.

Finally, we deliver a list of examples of common taxa from Australia and England that are strongly related to specific plant traits, such as specific leaf area index, leaf nitrogen and nitrogen fixation.

Together, our work provides new evidence that plant attributes, especially plant functional traits, can predict the distribution of soil microbial communities at the regional scale and across two hemispheres.

Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041

Summary

The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosamine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90contact stage. Remarkably, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosamine\uffe2\uff80\uff90based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or host plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "symbiosis", "lipids", "03 medical and health sciences", "nutrients", "Mycorrhizae", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)", "Metabolome", "natural variation", "signalling", "Symbiosis", "effectors", "phosphate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1667502/1/Pre-print%20IRIS_%20review%20New%20Phytol%202018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.15230", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.15230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.15230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change", "description": "Summary

Global environmental change poses threats to plant and soil biodiversity. Yet, whether soil biodiversity loss can further influence plant community\uffe2\uff80\uff99s response to global change is still poorly understood.

We created a gradient of soil biodiversity using the dilution\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90extinction approach, and investigated the effects of soil biodiversity loss on plant communities during and following manipulations simulating global change disturbances in experimental grassland microcosms.

Grass and herb biomass was decreased by drought and promoted by nitrogen deposition, and a fast recovery was observed following disturbances, independently of soil biodiversity loss. Warming promoted herb biomass during and following disturbance only when soil biodiversity was not reduced. However, legumes biomass was suppressed by these disturbances, and there were more detrimental effects with reduced soil biodiversity. Moreover, soil biodiversity loss suppressed the recovery of legumes following these disturbances. Similar patterns were found for the response of plant diversity. The changes in legumes might be partly attributed to the loss of mycorrhizal soil mutualists.

Our study shows that soil biodiversity is crucial for legume persistence and plant diversity maintenance when faced with environmental change, highlighting the importance of soil biodiversity as a potential buffering mechanism for plant diversity and community composition in grasslands.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "warming", "Climate Change", "Fabaceae", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Biodiversity", "drought", "plant\u2013soil interactions", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "nitrogen deposition", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "biodiversity loss", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "dilution-to-extinction approach", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.17065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.17065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.17065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.18118", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-26", "title": "Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant\u2013microbial interactions as drivers of plant\u2013soil feedback", "description": "Summary

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependence and species co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host\uffe2\uff80\uff90specificity in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated microbes and propose that specific plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co\uffe2\uff80\uff90existence.

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.

", "keywords": ["Supplementary Data", "biodiversity", " fungi", " ecology", "QH301 Biology", "Diversity (politics)", "Plant Science", "Biodiversity conservation", "Fungal Diversity", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Life", "Sociology", "WATER", "Global biodiversity distribution", "Fungal diversity", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "Earth", " Environmental", " Ecological", " and Space Sciences", "Geography", "Ecology", "soil fungal diversity", "4. Education", "SPECIES RICHNESS", "Life Sciences", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_sm.pdf", "Biodiversity", "FOS: Sociology", "global biodiversity distribution", "sienet", "https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016/suppl_file/sciadv.adj8016_tables_s1_to_s13.zip", "Diversity and Evolution of Fungal Pathogens", "570", "Supplementary Information", "DNA markers", "QH301", "Sequencing high-resolution DNA", "Biochemistry", " Genetics and Molecular Biology", "monimuotoisuus", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Life Science", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "General", "Global ecological processes", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "global ecological processes", "Soil fungal diversity", "microbiology", "Fungi", "Water", "Cell Biology", "15. Life on land", "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "Agronomy", "biodiversiteetti", "LIFE", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "13. Climate action", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Anthropology", "ta1181", "biodiversity conservation", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/epdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.adj8016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.adj8016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s40793-025-00667-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-18", "title": "Bioinoculant-induced plant resistance is modulated by interactions with resident soil microbes", "description": "BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungi are increasingly used as bio-inoculants to enhance crop growth and resistance. When applied to rhizosphere soil, they interact with resident soil microbes, which can affect their ability to colonize and induce resistance in plants as well as modify the structure of the resident soil microbiome, either directly through interactions in the rhizosphere or indirectly, mediated by the plant. The extent to which such direct versus indirect interactions between bio-inoculants and soil microbes impact microbe-induced resistance in crops remains unclear. This study uses a split-root system to examine the effects of direct versus indirect (plant-mediated) interactions between an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, and resident soil microbes on induced resistance in tomato against two-spotted spider mites. Additionally, the study explores how these interactions influence the composition and diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities. RESULTS: Resident soil microbes reduced the efficacy of M. brunneum to induce resistance against spider mites. This reduction occurred not only when resident microbes directly interacted with the bio-inoculant but also when they were spatially separated within the root system, indicating plant-mediated effects. M. brunneum inoculation did not affect rhizosphere microbial diversity but led to changes in fungal and bacterial community composition, even when these communities were not in direct contact with the inoculant. CONCLUSIONS: This research highlights the impact of both direct and plant-mediated interactions between bio-inoculants and resident soil microbes on bio-inoculant-induced pest resistance in crop plants and underscores the importance of assessing potential adverse effects of fungal bio-inoculants on native soil communities. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40793-025-00667-9.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Entomopathogenic fungi", "Research", "Spider mites", "GE1-350", "Arthropod pests", "Soil microbial communities", "Microbiology", "Tomato", "QR1-502"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rasool, Shumaila, Groos, Manon, Hannula, S. 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