{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-19", "title": "Earthworm Activity Affects Soil Aggregation And Organic Matter Dynamics According To The Quality And Localization Of Crop Residues - An Experimental Study (Madagascar)", "description": "Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in the functioning of ecosystems, and is beneficial from agronomic and from environmental point of view. Alternative cultural systems, like direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems, enhance carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural soils and lead to an increase in soil macrofauna. This study aimed at evaluating in field mesocosms the effects of earthworms on SOM dynamics and aggregation, as influenced by residue quality and management. In the highlands of Madagascar, buckets were filled with 2\u00a0mm-sieved clayey Inceptisol. The effects of earthworm addition (Pontoscolex corethrurus), residue addition (rice, soybean, and no addition), and localization of the residues (mulched or buried) were studied. After 5 months, soil from mesocosms with earthworms had significantly lower C concentration and higher proportion of large water-stable macroaggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) than those without earthworms, because of the production of large macroaggregates by earthworms. Earthworm effect on soil aggregation was greater with rice than with soybean residues. Casts (extracted from mesocosms with earthworms) were slightly enriched in C and showed significantly higher mineralization than the non-ingested soil (NIS), showing that at the time scale of our study, the carbon contained in the casts was not protected against mineralization. No difference in microbial biomass was found between casts and NIS. Complementary investigations are necessary to assess long-term effects of earthworm addition on SOM dynamics, the conditions of occurrence of physical protection, and the impact of earthworms on the structure of the microbial community.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Pontoscolex corethrurus", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "residue management", "microbial biomass", "carbon mineralization", "Carbon mineralization", "Direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems", "Microbial biomass", "Residue management", "P34 - Biologie du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "carbon protection", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Carbon protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "direct seeding mulch based cropping systems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-023-01091-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-15", "title": "Global observation gaps of peatland greenhouse gas balances: needs and obstacles", "description": "Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.Soil erosion is one of the main threats driving soil degradation across the globe with important impacts on crop yields, soil biota, biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately human nutrition.

Objectives

Here, using an empirical model, we present a global and temporally explicit assessment of soil erosion risk according to recent (2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932013) dynamics of rainfall and vegetation cover change to identify vulnerable areas for soils and soil biodiversity.

Methods

We used an adaptation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation together with state of the art remote sensing models to create a spatially and temporally explicit global model of soil erosion and soil protection. Finally, we overlaid global maps of soil biodiversity to assess the potential vulnerability of these soil communities to soil erosion.

Results

We show a consistent decline in soil erosion protection over time across terrestrial biomes, which resulted in a global increase of 11.7% in soil erosion rates. Notably, soil erosion risk systematically increased between 2006 and 2013 in relation to the baseline year (2001). Although vegetation cover is central to soil protection, this increase was mostly driven by changes in rainfall erosivity. Globally, soil erosion is expected not only to have an impact on the vulnerability of soil conditions but also on soil biodiversity with 6.4% (for soil macrofauna) and 7.6% (for soil fungi) of these vulnerable areas coinciding with regions with high soil biodiversity.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that an increasing proportion of soils are degraded globally, affecting not only livelihoods but also potentially degrading local and regional landscapes. Similarly, many degraded regions coincide with and may have impacted high levels of soil biodiversity.The tremendous reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands is being threatened by water-table decline (WTD) globally. However, the SOC response to WTD remains highly uncertain. Here we examine the under-investigated role of iron (Fe) in mediating soil enzyme activity and lignin stabilization in a mesocosm WTD experiment in an alpine wetland. In contrast to the classic \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 theory, phenol oxidative activity is mainly controlled by ferrous iron [Fe(II)] and declines with WTD, leading to an accumulation of dissolvable aromatics and a reduced activity of hydrolytic enzyme. Furthermore, using dithionite to remove Fe oxides, we observe a significant increase of Fe-protected lignin phenols in the air-exposed soils. Fe oxidation hence acts as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98iron gate\uffe2\uff80\uff99 against the \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in regulating wetland SOC dynamics under oxygen exposure. This newly recognized mechanism may be key to predicting wetland soil carbon storage with intensified WTD in a changing climate.

", "keywords": ["Composite material", "Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Groundwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Ecology", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "Geology", "Mesocosm", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Materials science", "6. Clean water", "Water table", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ferrous"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-024-48252-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-08", "title": "A unifying modelling of multiple land degradation pathways in Europe", "description": "Abstract

Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals. The chemical properties of the soil at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-50 cm at two field sites with established macadamia trees were monitored for 5 years following the surface application of various rates of lime (0-1200 g/m2). The effects of annual applications of N and N plus lime were also studied at one site. Both sites received >I700 mm annual rainfall and had strongly acidic, sandy soils. A residual effect of increased pH in the surface soil (0-5 cm depth) was evident after 5 years for lime rates 2200 g/m2. Differences in the nature of the residual effect at each site are discussed in relation to soil acidification, lime dissolution and leaching. High lime rates (>300 g/m2) applied to the soil surface increased pH and reduced extractable A1 in the 10-20 cm depth interval after 12 months. Three years after application, the soil pH at depths of 20-30 and 30-50 cm had been significantly (P < 0.05) increased by surface applications of 600 and 1200 g lime/m2, respectively. The results of this study show that surface application of lime at economic rates (300 to 600 g/m2) can reduce subsoil acidity in coarse-textured soils in high rainfall areas.

", "keywords": ["reclamation", "of lands (Melioration)", "Improvement", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil chemistry", "irrigation etc.", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "6. Clean water", "fertilisation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Aitken, R.L., Stephenson, R.A., Moody, P.W., Gallagher, E.C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ar9960109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Australian%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/ar9960109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/ar9960109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/ar9960109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/ea9950903", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-31", "title": "Sustaining Productivity Of A Vertisol At Warra, Queensland, With Fertilisers, No-Tillage, Or Legumes .1. Organic Matter Status", "description": "

Management practices involving legume leys, grain legumes, and no-tillage and stubble retention, along with nitrogen (N) fertiliser application for wheat cropping, were examined for their effectiveness in increasing soil organic matter (0-10 cm depth) from 1986 to 1993 in a field experiment on a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland. The treatments were (i) grass + legume leys (purple pigeon grass, Setaria incrassata; Rhodes grass, Chloris gayana; lucerne, Medicago sativa; annual medics, M. scutellata and M. truncatula) of 4 years duration followed by continuous wheat; (ii) 2-year rotation of annual medics and wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Hartog); (iii) 2-year rotation of lucerne and wheat; (iv) 2-year rotation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Barwon) and wheat; (v) no-tillage (NT) wheat; and (vi) conventional tillage (CT) wheat. Fertiliser N as urea was applied to both NT wheat and CT wheat at 0,25, and 75 kg N/ha. year. The CT wheat also received N at 12.5 and 25kg N/ha. year. After 4 years, soil organic carbon (C) concentration under grass + legume leys increased by 20% (650 kg C/ha. year) relative to that under continuous CT wheat. Soil total N increased by 11, 18, and 22% after 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively, under grass + legume leys relative to continuous CT wheat. These increases in soil organic matter were mostly confined to the 0-2.5 cm layer. After the start of wheat cropping, organic C and total N levels declined steadily but were still higher than under CT wheat and higher than initial values in December 1985. Although 2-year rotations of lucerne-wheat and medic-wheat had a small effect on soil organic C, soil total N concentrations were higher than in the chickpea-wheat rotation and continuous CT wheat from November 1990 to November 1992. Soil under chickpea-wheat rotation had organic C and total N concentrations similar to continuous CT wheat, although from the former, about 70 kg/ha. year of extra N was removed in the grain from 1989 to 1993. No-tillage practice had a small effect on soil organic C, although total N concentration was higher than under CT wheat in November 1993. These effects were mainly confined to the surface 0-2.5 cm depth. The C to N ratio was only affected in soil under grass + legume leys, and no-tillage treatments. These data show that restoration of soil organic matter in Vertisol requires grass + legume leys, primarily due to increased root biomass, although soil total N can be enhanced by including legume leys for longer duration in cropping systems in the semi-arid and subtropical environment.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "1100 Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/ea9950903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Australian%20Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/ea9950903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/ea9950903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/ea9950903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9860265", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "Long-Term Trends In Fertility Of Soils Under Continuous Cultivation And Cereal Cropping In Southern Queensland .1. Overall Changes In Soil Properties And Trends In Winter Cereal Yields", "description": "

Changes in fertility of some southern Queensland soils resulting from extended periods of cultivation are presented, together with trends in yields of winter cereals on these soils. Six major soils of the cereal-belt, cropped for maximum periods of 20-70 years were examined. These were: Black earths, Waco soil; grey, brown and red clays (brigalow), Langlands-Logie soil; grey, brown and red clays (poplar box), Cecilvale soil; grey, brown and red clays (belah), Billa Billa soil; grey, brown and red clays (coolibah), Thallon soil; red earths, Riverview soil. Organic matter and its constituents, especially total organic C, organic C in the light fraction, total N and mineralizable N, were affected most by cultivation, showing decreases of 19-67% overall. Other soil properties probably associated with organic matter, including bulk density and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable manganese, were also significantly affected by cultivation in all soils. Soil properties affected least by cultivation were concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, total and exchangeable potassium, calcium carbonate, and dithionite extractable iron and aluminium. Most other soil properties studied (organic P, total sulfur, pH, exchangeable magnesium and sodium, exchangeable sodium percentage, and oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium) were affected by cultivation in at least four soils. Four factors accounted for 70% of the total variation among the 45 soil properties considered. They appeared to represent organic matter, clay colloids, iron and aluminium oxides, and soluble salts. Dry matter yield and/or N uptake of winter cereal crops (wheat and barley) measured in 1983 showed significant decreasing trends with period of cultivation in all soils.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "Wheat", "Methods and systems of culture. Cropping systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Queensland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "1111 Soil Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9860265"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9860265", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9860265", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9860265"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1986-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr14236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:17:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-11", "title": "Managing Cattle Grazing Intensity: Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Soil Nitrogen", "description": "

Extensive cattle grazing is the dominant land use in northern Australia. It has been suggested that grazing intensity and rainfall have profound effects on the dynamics of soil nutrients in northern Australia\uffe2\uff80\uff99s semi-arid rangelands. Previous studies have found positive, neutral and negative effects of grazing pressure on soil nutrients. These inconsistencies could be due to short-term experiments that do not capture the slow dynamics of some soil nutrients and the effects of interannual variability in rainfall. In a long-term cattle grazing trial in northern Australia on Brown Sodosol\uffe2\uff80\uff93Yellow Kandosol complex, we analysed soil organic matter and mineral nitrogen in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) 11, 12 and 16 years after trial establishment on experimental plots representing moderate stocking (stocked at the long-term carrying capacity for the region) and heavy stocking (stocked at twice the long-term carrying capacity). Higher soil organic matter was found under heavy stocking, although grazing treatment had little effect on mineral and total soil nitrogen. Interannual variability had a large effect on soil mineral nitrogen, but not on soil organic matter, suggesting that soil nitrogen levels observed in this soil complex may be affected by other indirect pathways, such as climate. The effect of interannual variability in rainfall and the effects of other soil types need to be explored further.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr14236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr14236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-26", "title": "Performance Evaluation of Distributed Extended KDamper Devices for Seismic Protection of Mid-Rise Building Structures", "description": "Open AccessJournal of Earthquake Engineering, 28 (4)", "keywords": ["seismic protection", "KDamper", "vibration control mechanism", "Negative stiffness", "Negative stiffness; seismic protection; KDamper; multiple tuned mass dampers; vibration control mechanism", "multiple tuned mass dampers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/13632469.2023.2226227"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-29", "title": "Contour Hedgerows And Grass Strips In Erosion And Runoff Control On Sloping Land In Semi-Arid Kenya", "description": "Most early alley cropping studies in semi-arid Kenya were on fairly flat land while there is an increase in cultivated sloping land. The effectiveness of aging contour hedgerows and grass strips for erosion control on an about 15% slope of an Alfisol was compared. The five treatments were Senna siamea hedgerows with tree prunings applied as mulch to crops (H\u00a0+\u00a0M), hedgerows with crops with prunings removed (H), mulch only applied to crops (M), crops with Panicum maximum grass strips (G), and a sole crop control of a rotation of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Cumulative results for four consecutive seasons showed that most successful treatment H\u00a0+\u00a0M reduced soil loss from just over 100 to only 2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (or t\u00a0ha\u22121) and runoff from just below 100 to 20\u00a0mm as compared to the sole crop control C. Grass strips were less effective (15\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 46\u00a0mm, respectively). Cumulative maize yields (1993\u20131995) were reduced by 35% in H\u00a0+\u00a0M, 55% in H, and by more than 60% in G. Generally, the M plot pr...", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil protection", "Water conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Resource competition", "01 natural sciences", "Maize", "Senna siamea", "Cowpea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Land degradation", "Agroforestry", "Panicum maximum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kinama, J.M., Stigter, C.J., Ong, C.K., Ng'ang'a, J.K., Gichuki, F.N.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324980601074545"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324980601074545", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324980601074545"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2017.01263", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-19", "title": "Application of Mycorrhiza and Soil from a Permaculture System Improved Phosphorus Acquisition in Naranjilla", "description": "Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) is a perennial shrub plant mainly cultivated in Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America where it represents an important cash crop. Current cultivation practices not only cause deforestation and large-scale soil degradation but also make plants highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can offer a possibility to overcome these problems. AMF can act beneficially in various ways, for example by improving plant nutrition and growth, water relations, soil structure and stability and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the impact of AMF inoculation on growth and nutrition parameters of naranjilla has been assessed. For inoculation three European reference AMF strains (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Cetraspora helvetica) and soils originating from three differently managed naranjilla plantations in Ecuador (conventional, organic, and permaculture) have been used. This allowed for a comparison of the performance of exotic AMF strains (reference strains) versus native consortia contained in the three soils used as inocula. To study fungal communities present in the three soils, trap cultures have been established using naranjilla as host plant. The community structures of AMF and other fungi inhabiting the roots of trap cultured naranjilla were assessed using next generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The growth response experiment has shown that two of the three reference AMF strains, a mixture of the three and soil from a permaculture site led to significantly better acquisition of phosphorus (up to 104%) compared to uninoculated controls. These results suggest that the use of AMF strains and local soils as inoculants represent a valid approach to improve nutrient uptake efficiency of naranjilla and consequently to reduce inputs of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation process. Improved phosphorus acquisition after inoculation with permaculture soil might have been caused by a higher abundance of AMF and the presence of Piriformospora indica as revealed by NGS. A higher frequency of AMF and enhanced root colonization rates in the trap cultures supplemented with permaculture soil highlight the importance of diverse agricultural systems for soil quality and crop production.", "keywords": ["next generation sequencing", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "permaculture", "0303 health sciences", "Piriformospora indica", "Crop health", " quality", " protection", "Plant culture", "naranjilla", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "fungal communities", "SB1-1110", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "naranjilla", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " fungal communities", " Piriformospora indica", " farming practices", " permaculture", " next generation sequencing", "farming practices", "Sciences exactes et naturelles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/333899/1/doi_317543.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01263"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2017.01263", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2017.01263", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2017.01263"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2664.14437", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:18:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Pesticide effects on soil fauna communities\u2014A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Abstract

Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number of human activities threaten soil communities, in particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis of the impacts of pesticides on soil fauna communities.

Here, using a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 54 studies and 294 observations, we quantify pesticide effects on the abundance, biomass, richness and diversity of natural soil fauna communities across a wide range of environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with the most detrimental effects on soil fauna communities by analysing the effects of different pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and multiple substances), different application rates and temporal extents (short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term), as well as the response of different functional groups of soil animals (body size categories, presence of exoskeleton).

Pesticides overall decreased the abundance and diversity of soil fauna communities across studies (Grand mean effect size (Hedge's g)\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.30\uffe2\uff80\uff89+/\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff890.16) and had stronger effects on soil fauna diversity than abundance. The most detrimental scenarios involved multiple substances, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and insecticides, which significantly decreased soil fauna diversity even at recommended rates. We found no evidence that pesticide effects dampen over time, as short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies exhibited similar mean effect sizes.

Policy implications: Our study highlights that pesticide use has significant detrimental non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effects on soil biodiversity, eroding a substantial part of global biodiversity and threatening ecosystem health. This provides crucial evidence supporting recent policies, such as the European Green Deal, that aim to reduce pesticide use in agriculture to conserve biodiversity. The detrimental effects of multiple substances revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic pesticide use often combines several substances targeting different pests and diseases over the crop season. We suggest that future guidelines for pesticide registration, restrictions and banning should rely on data able to fully capture the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of multiple substances for multiple non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target species in realistic conditions.

In the Czech Republic, the Universal Soil Loss Equation provides the basis for defining the soil protection strategy. Field rainfall simulators were used to define the actual cover-management factor values of the most extensively seeded crops in the Czech Republic. More than 380 simulations between 2016 and 2021 provided data. The methodology focused on multi-seasonal measurements to cover the most important phenological phases. A comparison with the original USDA values for maize showed that it is desirable to redefine the C-factor. 71 fallow plot experiments showed that the rainfall-runoff relation is much easier to replicate than the actual sediment transport. For 30-minute intensive rainfall, the runoff ratio reached 62%, and the coefficient of variation was 25%. On saturated soil, the runoff ratio reached 81% and the coefficient of variation dropped to 12%. Soil protection techniques have a significant effect on runoff reduction. Maize seeded after cover crops and combined with reduced tillage or direct seeding can reduce the runoff ratio to 10-20% for &lsquo;dry&rsquo; conditions and to 12-40% for &lsquo;saturated&rsquo; conditions. Concerning soil loss, the variations are greater, with the coefficient of variation reaching 42% during fallow plot experiments. The reader should consider associated uncertainties.

", "keywords": ["environmental_sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "S", "Cover crops", "Soil protection", "Rainfall simulator", "Soil loss ratio", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rainfall simulator", "C-factor", "6. Clean water", "soil protection", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "USLE", "soil loss ratio", "cover crops", "runoff coefficient", "Runoff coefficient"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/431/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/431/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0161.v1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.20944/preprints202301.0161.v1", "name": "item", "description": "10.20944/preprints202301.0161.v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.20944/preprints202301.0161.v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-10", "title": "Phosphate-based treatments for conservation of stone", "description": "

To overcome the limitations of currently available protectives and consolidants for carbonate stones (such as marble and limestone), in 2011 the use of calcium phosphate was proposed. The idea is forming calcium phosphates (ideally hydroxyapatite) as the reaction product between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt, that the stone is treated with. In this paper, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (in terms of nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, reaction time, ionic and organic additions) are first briefly summarized. Then, the efficacy of the phosphate treatment in protecting marble from dissolution in rain and restoring cohesion of weathered marble and limestone is discussed. Some recent studies on the use of the phosphate treatment on alternative substrates and some future steps for research on the topic are finally outlined.

", "keywords": ["Building construction", "Protection", "0103 physical sciences", "Cultural heritage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Cultural heritage; Marble; Hydroxyapatite; Protection; Consolidation", "Marble", "Consolidation", "TH1-9745", "6. Clean water", "Hydroxyapatite"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni, Enrico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628268/1/Sassoni%20%282017%29%20Review%20RTL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/RILEM%20Technical%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "name": "item", "description": "10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/706699", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-11", "title": "Simulating Ips typographus L. outbreak dynamics and their influence on carbon balance estimates with ORCHIDEE r8627", "description": "

Abstract. New (a)biotic conditions resulting from climate change are expected to change disturbance dynamics, such as windthrow, forest fires, droughts, and insect outbreaks, and their interactions. These unprecedented natural disturbance dynamics might alter the capability of forest ecosystems to buffer atmospheric CO2 increases, potentially leading forests to transform from sinks into sources of CO2. This study aims to enhance the ORCHIDEE land surface model to study the impacts of climate change on the dynamics of the bark beetle, Ips typographus, and subsequent effects on forest functioning. The Ips typographus outbreak model is inspired by previous work from Temperli et al.\u00a0(2013) for the LandClim landscape model. The new implementation of this model in ORCHIDEE r8627 accounts for key differences between ORCHIDEE and LandClim: (1)\u00a0the coarser spatial resolution of ORCHIDEE; (2)\u00a0the higher temporal resolution of ORCHIDEE; and (3)\u00a0the pre-existing process representation of windthrow, drought, and forest structure in ORCHIDEE. Simulation experiments demonstrated the capability of ORCHIDEE to simulate a variety of post-disturbance forest dynamics observed in empirical studies. Through an array of simulation experiments across various climatic conditions and windthrow intensities, the model was tested for its sensitivity to climate, initial disturbance, and selected parameter values. The results of these tests indicated that with a single set of parameters, ORCHIDEE outputs spanned the range of observed dynamics. Additional tests highlighted the substantial impact of incorporating Ips typographus outbreaks on carbon dynamics. Notably, the study revealed that modeling abrupt mortality events as opposed to a continuous mortality framework provides new insights into the short-term carbon sequestration potential of forests under disturbance regimes by showing that the continuous mortality framework tends to overestimate the carbon sink capacity of forests in the 20- to 50-year range in ecosystems under high disturbance pressure compared to scenarios with abrupt mortality events. This model enhancement underscores the critical need to include disturbance dynamics in land surface models to refine predictions of forest carbon dynamics in a changing climate.

", "keywords": ["cycle du carbone", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24242", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "mod\u00e8le de simulation", "Ips typographus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16411", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2391", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "K70 - D\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s aux for\u00eats et leur protection", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4549f84e", "perturbation de l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique", "mod\u00e9lisation", "s\u00e9cheresse", "changement climatique", "QE1-996.5", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_230ab86c", "U10 - Informatique", " math\u00e9matiques et statistiques", "Geology", "H10 - Ravageurs des plantes", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "dynamique des populations", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_30153", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/706699"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/706699", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/706699", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/706699"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-16", "title": "Soil Carbon Pools In Adjacent Natural And Plantation Forests Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "

Soil C dynamics are not only important to both productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems, but also contribute significantly to global C cycling. Adjacent natural forest (NF), and first (1R) and second rotation (2R) hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex A. Cunn.) plantations in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected to investigate the effects of conversion of NF to hoop pine plantations and forest management (harvesting and site preparation of plantation) on the size and the nature of C pools in surface (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm) soils using chemical extraction, laboratory incubation and 13C cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90polarization with magic\uffe2\uff80\uff90angle\uffe2\uff80\uff90spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). Conversion from NF to hoop pine plantations not only led to the reduction of soil total C (by 19.8%), water\uffe2\uff80\uff90soluble organic C (WSOC) (by 17.7%), CaCl2\uffe2\uff80\uff93extractable organic C (by 38.8%), and hot water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable organic C (HWEOC) (by 30.9%) and bioavailability of soil C (as determined by CO2 evolved in the incubation), but also to a change in chemical composition of soil C with lower O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C and higher alkyl C under the 1R plantation compared with NF. Harvesting and site preparation did not significantly affect total soil C and most labile C pools (except for a decrease in WSOC), but led to a lower signal intensity in the alkyl C spectral region and a decreased alkyl C/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C (A/O\uffe2\uff80\uff90A) ratio in the soil under the 2R compared with the 1R plantation. The shifts in the amount and nature of soil C following forest conversion may be attributed to changes in litter inputs, microbial diversity and activity, and the disturbance of soil during harvesting and site preparation.

", "keywords": ["Forestry management", "Agricultural", "570", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Environmental sciences", "Research. Experimentation", "Biological sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "Conservation and protection", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "Queensland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2004.2820", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5562482", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:23:18Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil organic matter and plant carbon allocated to nitrogen acquisition simulated by the FUN-BioCROP model", "description": "Open Access{'references': ['Sulman, B. N., E. R. Brzostek, C. Medici, E. Shevliakova, D. N. L. Menge, and R. P. Phillips. 2017. Feedbacks between plant N demand and rhizosphere priming depend on type of mycorrhizal association. Ecology Letters 20:1043-1053.']}", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Biogeochemical bioenergy model", "mechanistic tillage simulation", "biofuel sustainability", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "soil carbon protection"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5562482"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5562482", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5562482", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5562482"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-04", "title": "Beneficial Services of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi \u2013 From Ecology to Application", "description": "Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the most common symbiotic association of plants with microbes. AM fungi occur in the majority of natural habitats and they provide a range of important ecological services, in particular by improving plant nutrition, stress resistance and tolerance, soil structure and fertility. AM fungi also interact with most crop plants including cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, therefore, they receive increasing attention for their potential use in sustainable agriculture. Basic research of the past decade has revealed the existence of a dedicated recognition and signaling pathway that is required for AM. Furthermore, recent evidence provided new insight into the exchange of nutritional benefits between the symbiotic partners. The great potential for application of AM has given rise to a thriving industry for AM-related products for agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping. Here, we discuss new developments in these fields, and we highlight future potential and limits toward the use of AM fungi for plant production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "plant protection", "0303 health sciences", "abiotic stress", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Plant culture", "plant nutrition", "plant growth", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "symbiosis", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01270"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01270", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2018.01270", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2018.01270"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11071031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Soil Compaction in Harvesting Operations of Phalaris arundinacea L.", "description": "

Tillage and harvesting operations of perennial forage crops have problems with soil compaction. The effects of this phenomenon are soil deterioration with reduced crop performance and yield. This study aims to assess soil disturbance by measuring the level of compaction caused by the harvesting operations of Phalaris arundinacea L. P. arundinacea is a species that lends itself to biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils; it adapts to difficult soil conditions, outperforming other species in terms of ease of planting, cost, maturity time, yield, and contamination levels. The crop was sown in three plots of the experimental teaching farm of the University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. Following a detailed analysis of the chemical\u2013physical characteristics of the soil, minimum tillage was chosen in order to concentrate on harvesting operations, which were carried out with a disc mower coupled to a tractor. This was followed by penetration resistance and soil moisture measurements to verify the incidence of the operations and the effect of the type of crop on compaction. On the study site, measurements were taken at points that the wheels of the tractor had gone over and at points that they had not. The soil analysis results indicate different chemical\u2013physical characteristics between the two areas, the texture being frankly sandy to clayey. Penetration resistance measurements indicated differences for the first 20 cm between the part that was covered by the tractor\u2019s tyres and the part that was left touched but also between the three plots. Moisture influenced penetration resistance. This study provides an evaluation of the first data obtained from a project that will last four years and which will explore the dynamics between soil, cultivation, and harvesting operations, giving a fundamental basis for further investigation of further harvesting operations and soil characteristics, which are crucial for planning and managing crops and reducing impacts on the soil in order to preserve it.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "minimum tillage", "S", "penetration resistance; soil protection; minimum tillage; mechanisation; European law", "soil protection", "mechanisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "penetration resistance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "European law"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1031/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1031/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11071031", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11071031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11071031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma11020177", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-23", "title": "Durable Self-Cleaning Coatings for Architectural Surfaces by Incorporation of TiO2 Nano-Particles into Hydroxyapatite Films", "description": "

To prevent soiling of marble exposed outdoors, the use of TiO2 nano-particles has been proposed in the literature by two main routes, both raising durability issues: (i) direct application to marble surface, with the risk of particle leaching by rainfall; (ii) particle incorporation into inorganic or organic coatings, with the risk of organic coating degradation catalyzed by TiO2 photoactivity. Here, we investigated the combination of nano-TiO2 and hydroxyapatite (HAP), previously developed for marble protection against dissolution in rain and mechanical consolidation. HAP-TiO2 combination was investigated by two routes: (i) sequential application of HAP followed by nano-TiO2 (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d); (ii) simultaneous application by introducing nano-TiO2 into the phosphate solution used to form HAP (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d). The self-cleaning ability was evaluated before and after prolonged exposure to simulated rain. \uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d coatings exhibited much better resistance to nano-TiO2 leaching by rain, compared to TiO2 alone. In \uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d samples, TiO2 nano-particles adhere better to HAP (having flower-like morphology and high specific surface area) than to marble. In \uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d samples, thanks to chemical bonds between nano-TiO2 and HAP, the particles are firmly incorporated in the HAP coating, which protects them from leaching by rain, without diminishing their photoactivity and without being degraded by them.

", "keywords": ["Anatase; Calcium phosphates; Consolidation; Cultural heritage; Leaching; Marble; Photocatalytic activity; Protection; Rain; Soiling; Materials Science (all)", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "soiling; photocatalytic activity; anatase; marble; calcium phosphates; cultural heritage; protection; rain; leaching; consolidation", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "Soiling; Photocatalytic activity; Anatase; Marble; Calcium phosphates; Cultural Heritage; Protection; Rain; Leaching; Consolidation", "0210 nano-technology", "Article", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/2/177/pdf"}, {"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628257/1/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282018%29%20HAP%2bTiO2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020177"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma11020177", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma11020177", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma11020177"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma11040557", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review", "description": "

The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined.

", "keywords": ["Ammonium oxalate; Ammonium phosphate; Calcium phosphates; Consolidation; Durability; Hydroxyapatite; Limestone; Marble; Octacalcium phosphate; Protection; Materials Science", "2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "Review", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water", "marble limestone consolidation protection durability calcium phosphates hydroxyapatite octacalcium phosphate ammonium phosphate ammonium oxalate", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni, Enrico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/643011/1/Sassoni%20%282018%29%20Review%20HAP%20for%20CH.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/4/557/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma11040557", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma11040557", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma11040557"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3929/ethz-b-000592388", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:14Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Seismic Protection of a Reinforced Concrete Moment-Frame Building using Resonant Metamaterials: Finite Element Model Verification", "description": "Open AccessProceedings of the Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology \u2013 3ECEES", "keywords": ["Seismic Metamaterials", "Seismic Protection Devices", "Meta-SSI", "Domain Reduction Method (DRM)", "Metabarrier", "Real-ESSI Simulator", "Seismic Metamaterials; Seismic Protection Devices; Metabarrier; Meta-SSI; Domain Reduction Method (DRM); Real-ESSI Simulator"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kanellopoulos, Constantinos; id_orcid0000-0002-5637-6088, Yang, Han, Jeremi\u0107, Boris, Anastasopoulos, Ioannis, Stojadinovic, Bozidar; id_orcid0000-0002-1713-1977,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000592388"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000592388", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000592388", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000592388"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5165/hawk-hhg/331", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Conservation of marble artifacts by phosphate treatments: influence of gypsum contamination", "description": "The use of ammonium phosphate solutions has proven to be very promising for protection and conservation of marble. However, all the studies carried out so far have been performed on uncontaminated marble. Unfortunately, this is rarely the case in the field, because marble artifacts exposed outdoors are often affected by sulfation, i. e. formation of a gypsum crust on the surface. Because gypsum is much more soluble than calcite, the outcome of the ammonium phosphate treatment is expected to be sensibly altered by the presence of gypsum. Therefore, in this study the nature and morphology of the new calcium phosphate phases formed by reacting gypsum with aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) were investigated. In particular, the effect of DAP concentration, ethanol addition (aimed at reducing gypsum solubility), and pH were explored. The result is that phase formation can be controlled by suitably tuning the above mentioned parameters. Phases with low solubility (such as tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) can be obtained by increasing the ethanol concentration, the DAP concentration or the pH. However, their formation is associated with diffused cracking, likely because of excessive growth of the new phases. Among the investigated formulations, treatment with a 0.1 M DAP solution with 30 vol % ethanol at pH=8 seems to be the most suitable one, as it leads to formation of brushite (about 30 times less soluble than gypsum), without cracking, so that a reduction in gypsum solubility in rain is expected.", "keywords": ["Marble; Gypsum; Black crusts; Hydroxyapatite; Protection", "13. Climate action", "Conservation science", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni E., Graziani G., Scherer G. W., Franzoni E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628355/1/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282017%29%20DAP%20on%20Sulphated%20Marble%20%28SWBSS2017%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5165/hawk-hhg/331"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/4th%20International%20Conference%20on%20Salt%20Weathering%20of%20Buildings%20and%20Stone%20Sculptures%2C%2020-22%20September%202017%2C%20Potsdam%20%28DE%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5165/hawk-hhg/331", "name": "item", "description": "10.5165/hawk-hhg/331", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5165/hawk-hhg/331"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From European Agriculture - An Analysis Of Variability And Drivers Of Emissions From Field Experiments", "description": "

Abstract. Nitrous oxide emissions from a network of agricultural experiments in Europe and Zimbabwe were used to explore the relative importance of site and management controls of emissions. At each site, a selection of management interventions were compared within replicated experimental designs in plot based experiments. Arable experiments were conducted at Beano in Italy, El Encin in Spain, Foulum in Denmark, Log\uffc3\uffa5rden in Sweden, Maulde in Belgium, Paulinenaue in Germany, Harare in Zimbabwe and Tulloch in the UK. Grassland experiments were conducted at Crichton, Nafferton and Peaknaze in the UK, G\uffc3\uffb6d\uffc3\uffb6ll\uffc3\uffb6 in Hungary, Rzecin in Poland, Zarnekow in Germany and Theix in France. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured at each site over a period of at least two years using static chambers. Emissions varied widely between sites and as a result of manipulation treatments. Average site emissions (throughout the study period) varied between 0.04 and 21.21 kg N2O-N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with the largest fluxes and variability associated with the grassland sites. Total nitrogen addition was found to be the single most important determinant of emissions, accounting for 15% of the variance (using linear regression) in the data from the arable sites (p < 0.0001), and 77% in the grassland sites. The annual emissions from arable sites were significantly greater than those that would be predicted by IPCC default emission factors. Variability in N2O within sites that occurred as a result of manipulation treatments was greater than that resulting from site to site and year to year variation, highlighting the importance of management interventions in contributing to greenhouse gas mitigation.

", "keywords": ["Technology", "Atmospheric sciences", "550", "FILLED PORE-SPACE;N2O EMISSIONS;GRASSLAND SYSTEMS;CO2 EMISSIONS;SOILS;MANAGEMENT;FLUXES;FERTILIZATION;CROP;NO", "Economics", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Environmental protection", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Life", "QH501-531", "FERTILIZATION", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "GRASSLAND SYSTEMS", "Nitrous oxide", "Ecology", "Agricultura", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Agriculture-Farming", "Qu\u00edmica", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Chemical Engineering", "Grassland", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Physical Sciences", "FLUXES", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "571", "Soil Science", "N2O EMISSIONS", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "NO", "MANAGEMENT", "Environmental Chemistry", "Chemical and Biological Technologies for Odor Control", "Biology", "FOS: Chemical engineering", "Process Chemistry and Technology", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "Production", "CROP", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "FILLED PORE-SPACE", "Agronomy", "SOILS", "Geotechnical engineering", "CO2 EMISSIONS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Fertilizer Applications"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.uniud.it/bitstream/11390/876174/1/Rees_et_al_2013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02522217/file/2013_Rees_Biogeosciences_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-10-2671-2013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-21", "title": "Sources and characteristics of terrestrial carbon in Holocene-scale sediments of the East Siberian Sea", "description": "

Abstract. Thawing of permafrost carbon (PF-C) due to climate warming can remobilise considerable amounts of terrestrial carbon from its long term storage to the marine environment. PF-C can be then buried in sediments or remineralised to CO2 with implications for the carbon-climate feedback. Studying historical sediment records during past natural climate changes can help to understand the response of permafrost to current climate warming. In this study two sediment cores collected from the East Siberian Sea were used to study terrestrial organic carbon sources, composition and degradation during the past ~\uffe2\uff80\uff899500\uffe2\uff80\uff89cal\uffe2\uff80\uff89yrs\uffe2\uff80\uff89BP. The CuO-derived lignin and cutin products combined with \uffce\uffb413C suggest that there was a higher input of terrestrial organic carbon to the East Siberian Sea between ~\uffe2\uff80\uff899500 and 8200\uffe2\uff80\uff89cal\uffe2\uff80\uff89yrs\uffe2\uff80\uff89BP than in all later periods. This high input was likely caused by marine transgression and permafrost destabilisation in the early Holocene climatic optimum. Based on source apportionment modelling using dual-carbon isotope (\uffe2\uff88\uff8614C, \uffce\uffb413C) data, coastal erosion releasing old Pleistocene permafrost carbon was identified as a significant source of organic matter translocated to the East Siberian Sea during the Holocene.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "TD172-193.5", "13. Climate action", "TD169-171.8", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Environmental protection", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental pollution", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/1213/2017/cp-13-1213-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20of%20the%20Past", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/cp-2017-20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:21:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-21", "title": "Sources and characteristics of terrestrial carbon in Holocene-scale sediments of the East Siberian Sea", "description": "

Abstract. Thawing of permafrost carbon (PF-C) due to climate warming can remobilise considerable amounts of terrestrial carbon from its long term storage to the marine environment. PF-C can be then buried in sediments or remineralised to CO2 with implications for the carbon-climate feedback. Studying historical sediment records during past natural climate changes can help to understand the response of permafrost to current climate warming. In this study two sediment cores collected from the East Siberian Sea were used to study terrestrial organic carbon sources, composition and degradation during the past ~\u20099500\u2009cal\u2009yrs\u2009BP. The CuO-derived lignin and cutin products combined with \u03b413C suggest that there was a higher input of terrestrial organic carbon to the East Siberian Sea between ~\u20099500 and 8200\u2009cal\u2009yrs\u2009BP than in all later periods. This high input was likely caused by marine transgression and permafrost destabilisation in the early Holocene climatic optimum. Based on source apportionment modelling using dual-carbon isotope (\u220614C, \u03b413C) data, coastal erosion releasing old Pleistocene permafrost carbon was identified as a significant source of organic matter translocated to the East Siberian Sea during the Holocene.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "TD172-193.5", "13. Climate action", "TD169-171.8", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Environmental protection", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental pollution", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/1213/2017/cp-13-1213-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-20"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20of%20the%20Past", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/cp-2017-20", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/cp-2017-20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/cp-2017-20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:23:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-19", "description": "

Conservation tillage has been promoted as a solution to counteract constraints caused by intensive agriculture. In this work the effects of two conservation tillage systems, reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) were compared to the traditional tillage (TT) in a long- (15 years, RT) and short-term experiment (3 years, NT). Both experiments were carried out under semi-arid, rainfed agriculture of Mediterranean SW Spain. Tillage caused a sharp increase in soil CO2 emissions immediately after tillage implementation, with a maximum value of 6.24 g CO2/square m/h under long-term TT treatment. Along the year, losses of carbon through CO2 emission were higher (905 and 801 g C/square m/year for the long- and shortterm TT treatments respectively), than those estimated for conservation systems (764 and 718 g C/square m/year for RT and NT respectively). Conservation tillage systems accumulated more soil organic carbon (SOC) in surface than the corresponding TT treatments (1.24 and 1.17 times greater for RT and NT, respectively, at 0-10 cm depth). Despite SOC accumulation would be moderate other variables related to soil quality, such as dehydrogenase activity, can be consistently increased in soil surface in conservation tillage, as the stratification ratio values indicated. Crop yields in conservation tillage were similar to or even greater than those obtained in TT. The agricultural (soil quality) and environmental (less CO2 emission to the atmosphere) benefits derived from conservation tillage make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rainfed agriculture.

", "keywords": ["CULTIVOS; CULTIVO EN TIERRAS ARIDAS; LABRANZA MINIMA; CERO-LABRANZA; LABRANZA CONVENCIONAL; CARBONO; FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO; PROTECCION AMBIENTAL; RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS; EXPERIMENTACION; ESPANA", "PROTECCION AMBIENTAL", "Soil quality", "EXPERIMENTACION", "12. Responsible consumption", "CARBON", "CULTIVOS", "RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS", "Rendimiento de cultivo", "CROP YIELD", "ESPANA", "SOIL FERTILITY", "Calidad del suelo", "EXPERIMENTATION", "Conservation tillage", "CROPS", "2. Zero hunger", "FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO", "Crop yields", "SPAIN", "CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE", "0402 animal and dairy science", "AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY", "Laboreo de conservaci\u00f3n", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CULTIVO EN TIERRAS ARIDAS", "6. Clean water", "CO2 fluxes", "Flujo del CO2", "LABRANZA CONVENCIONAL", "CERO-LABRANZA", "CROPS; DRY FARMING; MINIMUM TILLAGE; ZERO TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; CARBON; SOIL FERTILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; CROP YIELD; EXPERIMENTATION; SPAIN", "13. Climate action", "MINIMUM TILLAGE", "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION", "CARBONO", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LABRANZA MINIMA", "DRY FARMING", "ZERO TILLAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2009073-456"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2009073-456"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6092/unibo/amsacta/5705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Preliminary study on the use of ammonium phosphate for the conservation of marble-imitating gypsum-stuccoes", "description": "In this study, a novel method for consolidation and improvement of resistance to water of gypsum-stuccoes was preliminarily investigated. The idea is treating gypsum with an aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP, (NH4)2HPO4) to form hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), which has much lower solubility than gypsum. Tests carried out on gypsum paste samples, manufactured to resemble historic stuccoes, showed that, after treatment with the DAP solution, a significant improvement in mechanical properties was achieved and brushite (CaHPO4\u22192H2O) was formed (alongside some other by-products, that can be removed by an additional poultice treatment). Even if brushite is more soluble than HAP, still its formation is expected to be beneficial for stuccoes conservation, as brushite is significantly less soluble than gypsum.", "keywords": ["Gypsum; Hydroxyapatite; Consolidation; Protection; Cultural Heritage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Gypsum; Hydroxyapatite; Marble; Protection; Consolidation; Cultural Heritage", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "SASSONI, ENRICO, GRAZIANI, GABRIELA, SCHERER, GEORGE WALTER, FRANZONI, ELISA,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/598206/1/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282016%29%20Ammonium%20Phosphate%20on%20Gypsum.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.6092/unibo/amsacta/5705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%204th%20Historic%20Mortars%20Conference%20HMC2016%2010th-12th%20October%202016%2C%20Santorini%2C%20Greece", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6092/unibo/amsacta/5705", "name": "item", "description": "10.6092/unibo/amsacta/5705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6092/unibo/amsacta/5705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10a41f58-0853-433d-b337-39717c01185b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.38, 51.84], [13.38, 52.11], [13.82, 52.11], [13.82, 51.84], [13.38, 51.84]]]}, "properties": {"license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2022-06-13", "type": "Service", "created": "2022-05-12", "language": "eng", "title": "WMS Service of the dataset 'Determination of spider mite abundance in soil of field-grown cucumbers and in plants under predatory mite pressure in invasive infestations using HRM real-time PCR assay'", "description": "This AGIS Map Service includes spatial information used by datasets 'AGIS Map Service of the dataset 'Determination of spider mite abundance in soil of field-grown cucumbers and in plants under predatory mite pressure in invasive infestations using HRM real-time PCR assay''", "keywords": ["infoMapAccessService", "Soil", "Tetranychidae", "soil biology", "pest control", "infestation", "plant protection", "Cucumis sativus"], "contacts": [{"name": "BonaRes Data Centre", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - WG Geodata", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 171"}], "emails": [{"value": "bonares-datenzentrum@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Anne-Katrin Kersten", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "anne-katrin.kersten@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8820-7203", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Carmen B\u00fcttner", "organization": "Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "carmen.buettner@agrar.hu-berlin.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-2086-2594", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Peter Lentzsch", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "plentzsch@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Anne-Katrin Kersten", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": null, "roles": ["researcher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "anne-katrin.kersten@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0002-8820-7203", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Faculty of Life Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany;Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "infoMapAccessService"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Tetranychidae"}, {"id": "soil biology"}, {"id": "pest control"}, {"id": "infestation"}, {"id": "plant protection"}, {"id": "Cucumis sativus"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=c7818e71-2f69-424c-b9bc-de160aaf127c", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_3650_3652_spider_mites_geo/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_3650_3652_spider_mites_geo/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_3650_3652_spider_mites_geo/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/wss/service/ags-relay/ags/guest/arcgis/rest/services/Zalf/ID_3650_3652_spider_mites_geo/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10a41f58-0853-433d-b337-39717c01185b", "name": "item", "description": "10a41f58-0853-433d-b337-39717c01185b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10a41f58-0853-433d-b337-39717c01185b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/366268", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-10", "title": "Using a Rainfall Simulator to Define the Effect of Soil Conservation Techniques on Soil Loss and Water Retention", "description": "

In the Czech Republic, the Universal Soil Loss Equation provides the basis for defining the soil protection strategy. Field rainfall simulators were used to define the actual cover-management factor values of the most extensively seeded crops in the Czech Republic. More than 380 simulations between 2016 and 2021 provided data. The methodology focused on multi-seasonal measurements to cover the most important phenological phases. A comparison with the original USDA values for maize showed that it is desirable to redefine the C-factor. 71 fallow plot experiments showed that the rainfall-runoff relation is much easier to replicate than the actual sediment transport. For 30-minute intensive rainfall, the runoff ratio reached 62%, and the coefficient of variation was 25%. On saturated soil, the runoff ratio reached 81% and the coefficient of variation dropped to 12%. Soil protection techniques have a significant effect on runoff reduction. Maize seeded after cover crops and combined with reduced tillage or direct seeding can reduce the runoff ratio to 10-20% for &lsquo;dry&rsquo; conditions and to 12-40% for &lsquo;saturated&rsquo; conditions. Concerning soil loss, the variations are greater, with the coefficient of variation reaching 42% during fallow plot experiments. The reader should consider associated uncertainties.

", "keywords": ["environmental_sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "Cover crops", "S", "Soil protection", "Rainfall simulator", "Soil loss ratio", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "rainfall simulator", "C-factor", "6. Clean water", "soil protection", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "USLE", "soil loss ratio", "cover crops", "runoff coefficient", "Runoff coefficient"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/431/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/431/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/366268"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/366268", "name": "item", "description": "10261/366268", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/366268"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10568/135827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-15", "title": "Global observation gaps of peatland greenhouse gas balances: needs and obstacles", "description": "Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe\uffe2\uff80\uff99s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9311% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based strategies for land degradation mitigation and other critical European sustainable development goals.

Abstract. Thawing of permafrost carbon (PF-C) due to climate warming can remobilise considerable amounts of terrestrial carbon from its long term storage to the marine environment. PF-C can be then buried in sediments or remineralised to CO2 with implications for the carbon-climate feedback. Studying historical sediment records during past natural climate changes can help to understand the response of permafrost to current climate warming. In this study two sediment cores collected from the East Siberian Sea were used to study terrestrial organic carbon sources, composition and degradation during the past ~\u20099500\u2009cal\u2009yrs\u2009BP. The CuO-derived lignin and cutin products combined with \u03b413C suggest that there was a higher input of terrestrial organic carbon to the East Siberian Sea between ~\u20099500 and 8200\u2009cal\u2009yrs\u2009BP than in all later periods. This high input was likely caused by marine transgression and permafrost destabilisation in the early Holocene climatic optimum. Based on source apportionment modelling using dual-carbon isotope (\u220614C, \u03b413C) data, coastal erosion releasing old Pleistocene permafrost carbon was identified as a significant source of organic matter translocated to the East Siberian Sea during the Holocene.

", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "TD172-193.5", "13. Climate action", "TD169-171.8", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Environmental protection", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental pollution", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/1213/2017/cp-13-1213-2017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/20036252-e74b-4ae6-84cf-11c2bb89c50d"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climate%20of%20the%20Past", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/20036252-e74b-4ae6-84cf-11c2bb89c50d", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/20036252-e74b-4ae6-84cf-11c2bb89c50d", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/20036252-e74b-4ae6-84cf-11c2bb89c50d"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11755/4c13fe60-dc80-4651-89f1-3ed216556ac0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:25:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Pesticide effects on soil fauna communities\u2014A meta\u2010analysis", "description": "Abstract

Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number of human activities threaten soil communities, in particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis of the impacts of pesticides on soil fauna communities.

Here, using a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 54 studies and 294 observations, we quantify pesticide effects on the abundance, biomass, richness and diversity of natural soil fauna communities across a wide range of environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with the most detrimental effects on soil fauna communities by analysing the effects of different pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and multiple substances), different application rates and temporal extents (short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 or long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term), as well as the response of different functional groups of soil animals (body size categories, presence of exoskeleton).

Pesticides overall decreased the abundance and diversity of soil fauna communities across studies (Grand mean effect size (Hedge's g)\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff88\uff920.30\uffe2\uff80\uff89+/\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff890.16) and had stronger effects on soil fauna diversity than abundance. The most detrimental scenarios involved multiple substances, broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90spectrum substances and insecticides, which significantly decreased soil fauna diversity even at recommended rates. We found no evidence that pesticide effects dampen over time, as short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term studies exhibited similar mean effect sizes.

Policy implications: Our study highlights that pesticide use has significant detrimental non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target effects on soil biodiversity, eroding a substantial part of global biodiversity and threatening ecosystem health. This provides crucial evidence supporting recent policies, such as the European Green Deal, that aim to reduce pesticide use in agriculture to conserve biodiversity. The detrimental effects of multiple substances revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic pesticide use often combines several substances targeting different pests and diseases over the crop season. We suggest that future guidelines for pesticide registration, restrictions and banning should rely on data able to fully capture the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of multiple substances for multiple non\uffe2\uff80\uff90target species in realistic conditions.