{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/ldr.917", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:14:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-31", "title": "Effects Of Soil-Protecting Agricultural Practices On Soil Organic Carbon And Productivity In Fruit Tree Orchards", "description": "Abstract<p>This 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90year on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm study reports the effects of different agricultural practices on yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) in kiwifruit and apricot orchards grown in a Mediterranean area. Groups of plants under local orchard management (LOM,\uffc2\uffa7<p>Correction made here after initial publication.</p> ) practices (i.e. soil tillage, removing of pruning residues and mineral fertilisers) were compared with plots under soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90protecting orchard management (SPOM) actions (i.e. cover crop, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage, compost application and mulching of pruning residues). In the SPOM blocks fertilisation rate was based on plant demand and irrigation volumes calculated on the evapotranspiration values, while they were empirically calculated in the LOM plots. Results show that yield was 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9350 per cent enhanced by SPOM practices while SOC remained close to the initial values. In comparison with LOM plots, changed practices increased up to 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9390 per cent the amount of P and K, and 13 per cent that of N annually incorporated into soil increasing their reservoir in the soil. The study demonstrates that appropriate land management can increase the mean annual carbon soil inputs from about 1\uffc2\uffb75 to 9\uffc2\uffb70\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 per year. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil organic carbon", "Crop residues; land use; organic matter; soil carbon input; SOC; Mediterranean soil; soil organic carbon", "Crop residue", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon input", "SOC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean soil", "organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.917"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.917", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.917", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.917"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Sequestration By Switchgrass And No-Till Maize Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Net benefits of bioenergy crops, including maize and perennial grasses such as switchgrass, are a function of several factors including the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered by these crops. Life cycle assessments (LCA) for bioenergy crops have been conducted using models in which SOC information is usually from the top 30 to 40 cm. Information on the effects of crop management practices on SOC has been limited so LCA models have largely not included any management practice effects. In the first 9 years of a long-term C sequestration study in eastern Nebraska, USA, switchgrass and maize with best management practi- ces had average annual increases in SOC per hectare that exceed 2 Mg Cyear \ufffd1 (7.3 Mg CO2year \ufffd1 ) for the 0 to 150 soil depth. For both switchgrass and maize, over 50 % of the increase in SOC was below the 30 cm depth. SOC seques- tration by switchgrass was twofold to fourfold greater than that used in models to date which also assumed no SOC sequestration by maize. The results indicate that N fertilizer rates and harvest management regimes can affect the mag- nitude of SOC sequestration. The use of uniform soil C effects for bioenergy crops from sampling depths of 30 to 40 cm across agro-ecoregions for large scale LCA is questionable.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Switchgrass . Maize", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "soil carbon . Soil organic carbon . Bioenergy . Sustainability . Carbon sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Carbon", "630", "Maize", "Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Soil organic", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Follett, Ronald F., Vogel, Kenneth P., Varvel, Gary E., Mitchell, Robert B., Kimble, John,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-012-9198-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-06", "title": "Impact Of Alley Cropping Agroforestry On Stocks, Forms And Spatial Distribution Of Soil Organic Carbon \u2014 A Case Study In A Mediterranean Context", "description": "Abstract   Agroforestry systems, i.e., agroecosystems combining trees with farming practices, are of particular interest as they combine the potential to increase biomass and soil carbon (C) storage while maintaining an agricultural production. However, most present knowledge on the impact of agroforestry systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage comes from tropical systems. This study was conducted in southern France, in an 18-year-old agroforestry plot, where hybrid walnuts ( Juglans regia  \u00d7  nigra  L.) are intercropped with durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum  L. subsp.  durum ), and in an adjacent agricultural control plot, where durum wheat is the sole crop. We quantified SOC stocks to 2.0\u00a0m depth and their spatial variability in relation to the distance to the trees and to the tree rows. The distribution of additional SOC storage in different soil particle-size fractions was also characterized. SOC accumulation rates between the agroforestry and the agricultural plots were 248\u00a0\u00b1\u00a031\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0yr \u2212\u00a01  for an equivalent soil mass (ESM) of 4000\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01  (to 26\u201329\u00a0cm depth) and 350\u00a0\u00b1\u00a041\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 \u00a0yr \u2212\u00a01  for an ESM of 15,700\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01  (to 93\u201398\u00a0cm depth). SOC stocks were higher in the tree rows where herbaceous vegetation grew and where the soil was not tilled, but no effect of the distance to the trees (0 to 10\u00a0m) on SOC stocks was observed. Most of the additional SOC storage was found in coarse organic fractions (50\u2013200 and 200\u20132000\u00a0\u03bcm), which may be rather labile fractions. All together our study demonstrated the potential of alley cropping agroforestry systems under Mediterranean conditions to store SOC, and questioned the stability of this storage.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28568", "Juglans regia", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "culture associ\u00e9e", "Triticum turgidum", "630", "spectroscopie infrarouge", "zone m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "agroforesterie", "2. Zero hunger", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35927", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "soil organic carbon storage", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29563", "soil organic carbon saturation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "deep soil organic carbon stocks", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "P31 - Lev\u00e9s et cartographie des sols", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4060", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Visible and near infrared spectroscopy", "571", "structure du sol", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Juglans nigra", "particle-size fractionation", "Particle-size fractionation", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil organic carbon saturation", "visible and near infrared spectroscopy", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33452", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4059", "Deep soil organic carbon stocks", "15. Life on land", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "cartographie des fonctions de la for\u00eat", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "soil mapping", "Soil mapping", "culture en couloirs", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7958", "Soil organic carbon storage", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7196", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1374847637217", "U30 - M\u00e9thodes de recherche"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.06.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00560", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Estimating organic carbon stocks of mineral soils in Denmark: Impact of bulk density and content of rock fragments", "description": "<p>Management measures to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage need verification, e.g., by periodic sampling of soils to estimate resulting changes in SOC stock. Estimates of SOC stocks are affected by content of rock fragments (systematic bias) and soil bulk density (random but significant effect), both of which may vary significantly between soils. We investigated the importance of using site-specific bulk density and correcting for rock fragment content on estimates of SOC stock in 0\u201350 cm depth of agricultural minerals soils, collected in 2019 in the Danish National Square Grid. We found that use of an average bulk density value for a given soil type category produced valid estimates of SOC stocks for regional/national inventories. However, large variations in bulk density were found within a given soil type category, which can result in over- or under-estimation at local sites. This calls for measurement of site-specific bulk density and rock fragment content to produce valid estimates of field-scale SOC stock, e.g., to be used in farm carbon credit schemes.</p>", "keywords": ["Rock fragment content", "Soil bulk density", "13. Climate action", "National soil carbon inventory", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural mineral soil", "Soil organic carbon stock", "01 natural sciences", "Soil bulk density", " Rock fragment content", " Soil organic carbon stock", " National soil carbon inventory", " Agricultural mineral soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00560"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma%20Regional", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00560", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00560", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geodrs.2022.e00560"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-03", "title": "Beneficial Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Green Manure On Soil Aggregation And Stabilization Of Organic Carbon In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems need the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices in order to maintain acceptable levels of soil organic matter (SOM). The application of SLM practices helps to maintain soil structure and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), hence improving soil carbon sequestration and mitigating CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere. In an organic, rain-fed almond ( Prunus dulcis  Mill., var. Ferragnes) orchard under reduced tillage (RT), as the habitual management practice during the 14 years immediately preceding the experiment, we studied the effect of two agricultural management practices on soil aggregate distribution and SOC stabilization after four years of implementation. The implemented practices were (1) reduced tillage with a mix of  Vicia sativa  L. and  Avena sativa  L. as green manure (RTG) and (2) no-tillage (NT). Four aggregate size classes were differentiated by wet sieving (large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the silt plus clay fraction), and the microaggregates occluded within small macroaggregates (SMm) were isolated. In addition, three organic C fractions were separated within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, using a density fractionation method: free light fraction (free LF-C), intra-aggregate particulate OM (iPOM-C), and organic C associated with the mineral fraction (mineral-C). The results show that the combination of reduced tillage plus green manure (RTG) was the most-efficient SLM practice for SOC sequestration. The total SOC increased by about 14% in the surface layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm depth) when compared to RT. Furthermore, green manure counteracted the effect of tillage on soil aggregate rupture. The plant residue inputs from green manure and their incorporation into the soil by reduced tillage promoted the formation of new aggregates and activated the subsequent physical-chemical protection of OC. The latter mechanism occurred mainly in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates and mineral-C occluded within small macroaggregates fractions, which together contributed to an increase of up to 30% in the OC concentration in the bulk soil. No-tillage favored the OC accumulation in the mineral-C within the small macroaggregates and in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates in the surface layer, and in the mineral-C occluded within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates at 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth, but four years of cessation of tillage were not enough to significantly increase the total OC in the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration | Rain-fed almond orchard | Semiarid agroecosystems | Soil aggregation | Soil organic carbon fractionation | Sustainable land management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "Dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) inchronosequences of soils below forests that had beenreplaced by grazed pastures 3\u201325 years ago, wereinvestigated for two contrasting soil types (AndicHumitropept and Eutric Hapludand) in the Atlantic Zoneof Costa Rica. By forest clearing and subsequentestablishment of pastures, photosynthesis changes froma C-3 to a C-4 pathway. The accompanying changes inC-input and its \u03b413C and 14Csignals, were used to quantify SOC dynamics. C-input from rootturnover at a pasture site was measured by sequentialharvesting and 14C-pulse labelling. With aspatial resolution of 5 cm, data on total SOC,\u03b413C and \u03b414C of soil profileswere interpreted with a model that distinguishes threepools of SOC: \u2018active\u2019 C, \u2018slow\u2019 C and \u2018passive\u2019 C,each with a 1-st order decomposition rate(ka, ks and kp). The modelincludes carbon isotope fractionation and depth-dependentdecomposition rates. Transport of C between soillayers was described as a diffusion process, whichaccounts for physical and biotic mixing processes. Calibrated diffusion coefficients were 0.42 cm2yr-1 for the Humitropept and 3.97 cm2yr-1 for the Hapludand chronosequence.Diffusional transport alone was insufficient foroptimal simulation; it had to be augmented bydepth-dependent decomposition rates to explain thedynamics of SOC, \u03b413C and\u03b414C. Decomposition rates decreasedstrongly with depth. Upon increased diffusion,differences between calibrated decomposition rates ofSOC fractions between surface soils and subsoilsdiminished, but the concept of depth-dependentdecomposition had to be retained, to obtain smallresiduals between observed and simulated data. At areference depth of 15\u201320 cm ks was 90 yr-1in the Humitropept and 146 yr-1 in the Hapludand.Slow C contributed most to total organic C in surfacesoils, whereas passive C contributed most below 40 cmdepth. After 18\u201325 years of pasture, net loss of C was2180 g C m-2 for the Hapludand and 150 g m-2for the Humitropept soil.", "keywords": ["land use change; model; soil organic carbon; tropical forest", "soil chemistry", "zoning", "land use", "physical planning", "costa rica", "organic compounds", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005880031579"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1005880031579", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1005880031579"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-07-30", "title": "Substantial Labile Carbon Stocks And Microbial Activity In Deeply Weathered Soils Below A Tropical Wet Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Contrary to large areas in Amazonia of tropical moist forests with a pronounced dry season, tropical wet forests in Costa Rica do not depend on deep roots to maintain an evergreen forest canopy through the year. At our Costa Rican tropical wet forest sites, we found a large carbon stock in the subsoil of deeply weathered Oxisols, even though only 0.04\uffe2\uff80\uff930.2% of the measured root biomass (&gt;2\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm diameter) to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth was below 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. In addition, we demonstrate that 20% or more of this deep soil carbon (depending on soil type) can be mobilized after forest clearing for pasture establishment. Microbial activity between 0.3 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth contributed about 50% to the microbial activity in these soils, confirming the importance of the subsoil in C cycling. Depending on soil type, forest clearing for pasture establishment led from no change to a slight addition of carbon in the topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). However, this effect was countered by a substantial loss of C stocks in the subsoil (1\uffe2\uff80\uff933\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth). Our results show that large stocks of relatively labile carbon are not limited to areas with a prolonged dry season, but can also be found in deeply weathered soils below tropical wet forests. Forest clearing in such areas may produce unexpectedly high C losses from the subsoil.</p>", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Costa Rica; deforestation; land-use change; microbial activity; pasture; soil organic carbon; tropical rain forest", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00656.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr18210", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-16", "title": "Effect of long-term irrigation and tillage practices on X-ray CT and gas transport derived pore-network characteristics", "description": "<p> The gas transport parameters, diffusivity and air-filled porosity are crucial for soil aeration, microbial activity and greenhouse gas emission, and directly depend on soil structure. In this study, we analysed the effect of long-term tillage and irrigation practices on the surface structure of an arable soil in New Zealand. Our hypothesis was that topsoil structure would change under intensification of arable production, affecting gas exchange. Intact soil cores were collected from plots under intensive tillage (IT) and direct drill (DD), irrigated or rainfed. In total, 32 cores were scanned by X-ray computed tomography (CT) to derive the pore network &amp;gt;30\uffc2\uffb5m. The cores were then used to measure soil-gas diffusivity, air-permeability and air-filled porosity of pores close to the resolution of the X-ray CT scans, namely \uffe2\uff89\uffa530\uffc2\uffb5m. The gas measurements allow the calculation of pore-network connectivity and tortuosity parameters, which were compared with the CT-derived structural characteristics. Long-term irrigation had little effect on any of the parameters analysed. Total porosity tended to be lower under IT than DD, whereas the CT-derived porosity was comparable. Both the CT-derived mean pore diameter (MPD) and other morphological parameters, as well as gas measurement-derived parameters, highlighted a less developed structure under IT. The differences in the functional pore-network structure were attributed to SOC depletion and the mechanical disturbance through IT. Significant correlations between CT-derived parameters and functional gas transport parameters such as tortuosity and MPD were found, which suggest that X-ray CT could be useful in the prediction of gas transport. </p>", "keywords": ["AGRICULTURE", "soil structure.", "P-parameter", "Soil structure", "carbon depletion", "MANAGEMENT", "COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY", "PERMEABILITY", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "Dexter index", "Intensive tillage", "SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON", "carbon depletion; Dexter index; intensive tillage; P -parameter; soil organic carbon; soil structure.; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Soil Science; Earth-Surface Processes", "P -parameter", "LOAM SOIL", "Soil organic carbon", "POROSITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "NO-TILL", "NITROGEN", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon depletion", "soil structure", "intensive tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18210"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr18210"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr18210", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr18210", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr18210"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.13330", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-02", "title": "Multi\u2010modelling predictions show high uncertainty of required carbon input changes to reach a 4\u2030 target", "description": "Abstract<p>Soils store vast amounts of carbon (C) on land, and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in already managed soils such as croplands may be one way to remove C from the atmosphere, thereby limiting subsequent warming. The main objective of this study was to estimate the amount of additional C input needed to annually increase SOC stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments in Europe, including exogenous organic matter (EOM) additions. We used an ensemble of six SOC models and ran them under two configurations: (1) with default parametrization and (2) with parameters calibrated site\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90site to fit the evolution of SOC stocks in the control treatments (without EOM). We compared model simulations and analysed the factors generating variability across models. The calibrated ensemble was able to reproduce the SOC stock evolution in the unfertilised control treatments. We found that, on average, the experimental sites needed an additional 1.5 \uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 to increase SOC stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over 30\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, compared to the C input in the control treatments (multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median \uffc2\uffb1 median standard deviation across sites). That is, a 119% increase compared to the control. While mean annual temperature, initial SOC stocks and initial C input had a significant effect on the variability of the predicted C input in the default configuration (i.e., the relative standard deviation of the predicted C input from the mean), only water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables (i.e., mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) explained the divergence between models when calibrated. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks in agriculture and accentuates the need to increasingly lean on multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model ensembles when predicting SOC stock trends and related processes. To increase the reliability of SOC models under future climate change, we suggest model developers to better constrain the effect of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables on SOC decomposition.</p>Highlights<p> <p>The feasibility of the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 target was studied at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments.</p> <p>An ensemble of soil organic carbon models was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions.</p> <p>On average across the sites, carbon input had to increase by 119% compared to initial conditions.</p> <p>High uncertainty of the simulations was mainly driven by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables.</p> </p", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "550", "multi-modelling", "630", "Climate change", "agriculture", "4 per 1000 initiative; agriculture; carbon sequestration; climate change; European targets; multi-modelling; soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Soil organic carbon", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "soil organic carbon", "climate change", "4 per 1000 initiative", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Multi-modelling", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "European targets"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/912997/4/European%20J%20Soil%20Science%20-%202022%20-%20Bruni%20-%20Multi%e2%80%90modelling%20predictions%20show%20high%20uncertainty%20of%20required%20carbon%20input%20changes.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13330"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13330"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.13330", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.13330", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.13330"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "process-based models", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "bare-fallow soils; model parametrization; process-based models; protocol for model comparison; soil organic carbon dynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "774124", "France", "bare fallow soils", "model parametrization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809186/2/GCB-20-1834_Proof_fl.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-31", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Tillage, Nutrient Application And Crop Rotation On Soil Organic Matter Quality Assessed By Nmr Spectroscopy", "description": "Abstract<p>Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:18:33Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Reducing the use of plant protection products and greenhouse gas emissions in arable farming systems in northern France (System-Eco+).", "description": "Crop protection and nitrogen fertilizers uses are the mainstays of large-scale cereal and industrial cropping systems in northern France. Biological and climatic effects call to design and evaluate cropping systems that cut the use of plant protection products by implementing counterbalancing agronomic levers aiming to maintain yields. An experimental set-up composed of 7 cropping systems located at the Estr\u00e9es-Mons agronomic station (France) was monitored from 2018 to 2024. The experiment combined decrease in the use of plant protection products while improving the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance by reducing synthetic fertilization. The introduction of cropping systems designed to reduce the use of pesticides made it possible to achieve treatment frequency index (TFI) reductions of 70 to 100% without significantly affecting yields and while ensuring weed control. This also resulted in a significant reduction in fungicide and herbicide residues in the soil. The levers used to reduce the use of plant protection products have a neutral effect on greenhouse gas emissions, or even a favourable effect when leguminous crops are introduced into the succession to provide soil cover and balance the nitrogen balance.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Greenhouse Gases", "Fertilization", "Nitrous Oxide", "Soil organic carbon storage", "0", "Weeds", "Weeds ; Pesticides ; Fertilization ; Nitrous Oxide ; Soil organic carbon storage ; Greenhouse Gases", "Pesticides", "FairCarboN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "name": "item", "description": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-06", "description": "<p>Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential bioenergy feedstock, but little is known about the impacts of reducing stover return on yield and soil quality in the Northern US Corn Belt. Our study objectives were to measure the impact of three stover return rates (Full (~7.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), Moderate (~3.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) or Low (~1.5 Mg ha yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) Return) on corn and soybean (Glycine max. L [Merr.]) yields and on soil dynamic properties on a chisel-tilled (Chisel) field, and well- (NT1995) or newly- (NT2005) established no-till managed fields. Stover return rate did not affect corn and soybean yields except under NT1995 where Low Return (2.88 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) reduced yields compared with Full and Moderate Return (3.13 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). In NT1995 at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm depth, particulate organic matter in Full Return and Moderate Return (14.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) exceeded Low Return (11.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921). In NT2005, acid phosphatase activity was reduced about 20% in Low Return compared to Full Return. Also the Low Return had an increase in erodible-sized dry aggregates at the soil surface compared to Full Return. Three or fewer cycles of stover treatments revealed little evidence for short-term impacts on crop yield, but detected subtle soil changes that indicate repeated harvests may have negative consequences if stover removed.</p>", "keywords": ["cellulosic feedstock; sustainability; residue management; bioenergy; dry aggregate stability; FAME; particulate organic matter; microbial biomass; soil organic carbon", "Agriculture (General)", "bioenergy", "7. Clean energy", "S1-972", "dry aggregate stability", "particulate organic matter", "2. Zero hunger", "residue management", "microbial biomass", "cellulosic feedstock", "jel:Q1", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "FAME", "6. Clean water", "soil organic carbon", "jel:Q11", "jel:Q10", "jel:Q15", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q14", "jel:Q13", "jel:Q12", "jel:Q18", "jel:Q17", "jel:Q16"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/3/1/72/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3010072"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture3010072", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture3010072"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land10010063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-13", "title": "Evaluation of a Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems Spectral Sensor for Soil Properties Estimation", "description": "<p>Soil properties estimation with the use of reflectance spectroscopy has met major advances over the last decades. Their non-destructive nature and their high accuracy capacity enabled a breakthrough in the efficiency of performing soil analysis against conventional laboratory techniques. As the need for rapid, low cost, and accurate soil properties\uffe2\uff80\uff99 estimations increases, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) have been introduced and are becoming applicable for informed decision making in various domains. This work presents the assessment of a MEMS sensor (1750\uffe2\uff80\uff932150 nm) in estimating clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The sensor was first tested under various experimental setups (different working distances and light intensities) through its similarity assessment (Spectral Angle Mapper) to the measurements of a spectroradiometer of the full 350\uffe2\uff80\uff932500 nm range that was used as reference. MEMS performance was evaluated over spectra measured from 102 samples in laboratory conditions. Models\uffe2\uff80\uff99 calibrations were performed using random forest (RF) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results provide insights that MEMS could be employed for soil properties estimation, since the RF model demonstrated solid performance over both clay (R2 = 0.85) and SOC (R2 = 0.80). These findings pave the way for supporting daily agriculture applications and land related policies through the exploration of a wider set of soil properties.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "Agriculture", "clay", "NIR", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SWIR", "soil organic carbon", "MEMS", "machine learning", "clay; soil organic carbon; MEMS; soil spectroscopy; NIR; random forest; machine learning; SWIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "random forest", "soil spectroscopy"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/63/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/63/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land10010063", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land10010063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land10010063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-30", "title": "Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for Black Carbon Screening of Agricultural Soils under Industrial Anthropopressure", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) is a fast and simple method increasingly used in soil science. This study aimed to investigate VIS-NIRS applicability to predict soil black carbon (BC) content and the method\u2019s suitability for rapid BC-level screening. Forty-three soil samples were collected in an agricultural area remaining under strong industrial impact. Soil texture, pH, total nitrogen (Ntot) and total carbon (Ctot), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and BC were analyzed. Samples were divided into three classes according to BC content (low, medium, and high BC content) and scanned in the 350\u20132500 nm range. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to develop prediction models of soil properties. Partial least-square with SVM (PLS-SVM) was used to classify samples for screening purposes. Prediction models of soil properties were at best satisfactory (Ntot: R2 = 0.76, RMSECV = 0.59 g kg\u22121, RPIQ = 0.65), due to large kurtosis and data skewness. The RMSECV were large (16.86 g kg\u22121 for SOC), presumably due to the limited number of samples available and the wide data spread. Given our results, the VIS-NIRS method seems efficient for classifying soil samples from an industrialized area according to BC content level (training accuracy of 77% and validation accuracy of 81%).</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "VIS-NIR", "Spectroscopy", " Near-Infrared", "Nitrogen", "SVM", "Organic chemistry", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "Article", "Carbon", "soil organic carbon", "PLS-SVM classifier", "Soil", "QD241-441", "Soot", "black carbon; soil organic carbon; VIS-NIR; SVM; PLS-SVM classifier", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/21/7334/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/21/7334/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217334"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecules", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/molecules27217334", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/molecules27217334"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su5093876", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-12", "title": "Effects Of Reduced Tillage On Crop Yield, Plant Available Nutrients And Soil Organic Matter In A 12-Year Long-Term Trial Under Organic Management", "description": "<p>A field experiment was performed in Southwest Germany to examine the effects of long-term reduced tillage (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). Tillage treatments were deep moldboard plow: DP, 25 cm; double-layer plow; DLP, 15 + 10 cm, shallow moldboard plow: SP, 15 cm and chisel plow: CP, 15 cm, each of them with or without preceding stubble tillage. The mean yields of a typical eight-year crop rotation were 22% lower with CP compared to DP, and 3% lower with SP and DLP. Stubble tillage increased yields by 11% across all treatments. Soil nutrients were high with all tillage strategies and amounted for 34\uffe2\uff80\uff9357 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 P and 48\uffe2\uff80\uff93113 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 K (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm soil depth). Humus budgets showed a high carbon input via crops but this was not reflected in the actual Corg content of the soil. Corg decreased as soil depth increased from 13.7 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm) to 4.3 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (40\uffe2\uff80\uff9360 cm) across all treatments. After 12 years of experiment, SP and CP resulted in significantly higher Corg content in  0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320 cm soil depth, compared to DP and DLP. Stubble tillage had no significant effect on Corg. Stubble tillage combined with reduced primary tillage can sustain yield levels  without compromising beneficial effects from reduced tillage on Corg and available  nutrient content.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic farming; reduced tillage; soil organic carbon; plant available nutrients; long-term trial; humus budget; C org ; mineralization; moldboard plow; chisel plow; conservation tillage", "jel:O13", "jel:Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q0", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "jel:Q2", "jel:Q56", "15. Life on land", "jel:Q3", "jel:Q5", "organic farming; reduced tillage; soil organic carbon; plant available nutrients; long-term trial; humus budget; C<sub>org</sub>; mineralization; moldboard plow; chisel plow; conservation tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sabine Zikeli, Sabine Gruber, Claus-Felix Teufel, Karin Hartung, Wilhelm Claupein,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/9/3876/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su5093876"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su5093876", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su5093876", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su5093876"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su7010705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-08", "title": "History Of East European Chernozem Soil Degradation; Protection And Restoration By Tree Windbreaks In The Russian Steppe", "description": "<p>The physiographic region of the Central Russian Upland, situated in the Central part of Eastern Europe, is characterized by very fertile grassland soils\uffe2\uff80\uff94Chernozems (Mollisols in the USDA taxonomy). However, over the last several centuries this region has experienced intense land-use conversion. The most widespread and significant land-use change is the extensive cultivation of these soils. As a result, Chernozems of the region that were some of the most naturally fertile soils in the world with thick A horizons had become, by the second half of the 19th century, weakly productive, with decreased stocks of organic matter. When not protected by plant cover, water and wind erosion degraded the open fields. The investigation of methods for rehabilitation and restoration of Chernozems resulted  in the practice of afforestation of agricultural lands (mainly by windbreak planting). Preferences of agroforestry practices were initially connected with protection of cropland from wind and water erosion, improvement of microclimate for crop growth, and providing new refugia for wild animal and plant habitats. During the last several decades, tree windbreaks have begun to be viewed as ecosystems with great potential for atmospheric carbon sequestration, which plays a positive role in climate change mitigation. For the evaluation of windbreak influence on Chernozem soils, a study was developed with three field study areas across a climatic gradient from cool and wet in the north of the region to warm and dry in the south. Windbreak age ranged from 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9357 years. At each site, soil pits were prepared within the windbreak, the adjacent crop fields of 150 years of cultivation, and nearby undisturbed grassland. Profile descriptions were completed to a depth of 1.5 m.  A linear relationship was detected between the difference in organic-rich surface layer  (A + AB horizon) thickness of soils beneath windbreaks and undisturbed grasslands and  a climate index, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). These results indicate that windbreaks under relatively cooler and wetter climate conditions are more favorable for organic matter accumulation in the surface soil. For the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 cm layer of the Chernozems beneath windbreaks, an increase in organic C stocks comparable with undisturbed grassland soils (15\uffe2\uff80\uff9363 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was detected. Significant growth of soil organic matter stocks was identified not only for the upper 30 cm, but also for the deeper layer (30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 cm) of afforested Chernozems. These findings illustrate that, in the central part of Eastern Europe, tree windbreaks improve soil quality by enhancing soil organic matter while providing a sink for atmospheric carbon in tree biomass and soil organic matter.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "degradation of soils", "Soil Science", "jel:Q0", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "jel:Q2", "15. Life on land", "jel:Q3", "soil science", "jel:Q5", "soil organic carbon", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "jel:O13", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "jel:Q", "afforestation", "Russian Chernozems; soil organic carbon; degradation of soils; restoration of soils; afforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q56", "Agricultural Science", "Russian Chernozems", "restoration of soils", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su7010705", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su7010705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su7010705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "LTEP-Biochar", "description": "The dataset inventories and compares experiments regarding on field application of biochar for agronomic purposes and its environmental effects (<em>e.g.</em> carbon sequestration) over a significative timeframe. Remediation of polluted soils is not in scope. The field experiments shall take place under dynamically, meteorologically and biologically complex conditions. We are mapping activities across Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (see the Highlights box here below). The LTEP project is an ICHAR initiative implemented and managed by the EMRG group of the University of Bologna.", "keywords": ["Biochar", "Soil Organic Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Long Term", "Biochar", " Soil Organic Carbon", " long term", " field experiment", "Field Experiment", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Diego Marazza, Daniele Tigrini, Carlotta Carlini, Nicolas Greggio, Simone Pesce, Enrico Balugani,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960686"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.5960686", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.5960686"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13744546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:20:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "CSIC-ProbeField SpectralDatasetMetadata-D4.2", "description": "The dataset comprises the information of the sampleset CSIC built in ProbeField-EJP Soil project on sampling date, site, crop, previous crop, depth (cm), latitude and longitude cooordinates, soil moisture (% dw), bulk density (g/cm3), labnumber, label, texture (%): coarse sand, fine sand, silt, clay, texture class. pH (Ext 1:2.5), EC (Ext 1:5) (mS/cm), carbonate (% CaCO3), org\u00e1nic-C\u00a0 (%), organic matter (%), total-N (%), avail-P (mg/kg), avail-K (mg/kg), elemental analysis (pXRF) and VisNIR spectra (350-2500 nm). As well as concerning the analytical methods.", "keywords": ["Compositional; CoDa; EJP Soil; NIRS; ProbeField; SOC; soil organic carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, Rafael, Cayuela-S\u00e1nchez, Jose Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744546"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13744546", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13744546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13744546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-09-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6323695", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Prediction stock of soil organic carbon in Argentina", "description": "We standardized the Stocks soil organic carbon (SOC) at 0-30 cm depth for 5,073 soil samples. We spatially predicted SOC stock (kg/m2) using regression forest and associated prediction uncertainties using quantile regression forest at 1000 m resolution. Global accuracy based on cross-validation. We obtained a RMSE 2.624 and Rsquared 0.464.", "keywords": ["15. Life on land", "digital soil mapping", " soil organic carbon", " quantile regression forest", " data harmonization"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olmedo, Guillermo F., Angelini, Marcos E., Schulz, Guillermo A., Rodr\ufffd\ufffdguez, Dar\ufffd\ufffdo M., Taboada, Miguel A., Pascale, Carla, Escobar, Dardo, Guevara, Mario, Heuvelink, Gerard B.M., Colazo, Juan C., Gait\ufffd\ufffdn, Juan J., Aleksa, Alicia S., Babelis, Germ\ufffd\ufffdn C., Peralta, Alfredo R., Peralta, Guillermo, Rojas, Julieta M, Sainz Rozas, Hern\ufffd\ufffdn R., Vizgarra, Lidia A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6323695"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6323695", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6323695", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6323695"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:20:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Divergent mycorrhizal pathways in soil nutrient cycling and carbon storage under afforestation: insights from large-scale afforestation in China", "description": "Divergent mycorrhizal pathways in soil nutrient cycling and carbon storage under afforestation: insights from large-scale afforestation in China  \u00a0   Location: China.  Time Period: 1980\u20132024.  Major Taxa Studied: Forest.  Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 169 studies comprising 1459 paired observations from afforestation sites across diverse climatic zones (mean annual precipitation 400\u20131,200 mm). We quantified changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) following cropland-to-forest conversion. Structural equation modelling was employed to disentangle the mechanistic pathways linking mycorrhizal dominance, climate factors, and afforestation duration to soil nutrient responses.", "keywords": ["Forest ecosystem; Land-use change; Meta-analysis; Soil organic carbon; Soil nutrient cycling."], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Yuan, Xiang, Yangzhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15538379"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15538379", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15538379"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16887474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:00Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil texture prevails over vegetation change in determining soil organic carbon storage across savanna-forest boundaries", "description": "1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tropical savannas play a unique and significant role in the global carbon cycle, yet they are increasingly being targeted for carbon sequestration through afforestation, based on the assumption that increased tree cover will substantially boost carbon stocks in both tree biomass and soils. However, the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) to afforestation in these ecosystems remains highly uncertain, and the underlying reasons for this variability are not well understood.  2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The dynamic boundaries between savannas and forests provide an ideal setting for studying the potential impacts of afforestation on soil carbon storage and stability in savannas. Here, we sampled surface soils (0-15 cm) across six savanna\u2013forest boundaries in Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa, and analyzed patterns of SOC stocks, including their particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (POM and MAOM) pools, and pyrogenic carbon (PyC) stocks along transects from savannas into forests.  3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Soils from savannas had comparable SOC, POM, MAOM, and PyC stocks, as well as similar proportions of POM and MAOM relative to SOC, to those from forests. Savanna soils had a significantly higher proportion of PyC relative to SOC compared to forest soils (p = 0.008). Despite the limited influence of vegetation type (savannas vs. forests) on all measured carbon pools, substantial variation in these pools was observed across transects, largely driven by differences in soil clay and silt content across the landscape.  4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Synthesis. These results contradict our expectation that savanna-to-forest transitions would increase POM pools, thereby leading to higher SOC stocks in forests compared to savannas. Instead, MAOM contributed most to SOC and was primarily driven by soil clay and silt content in this system. These findings highlight that soil texture can override the influence of vegetation on soil carbon formation and persistence, suggesting that increasing tree cover alone cannot be simply linked to soil carbon gains during savanna-to-forest transitions.", "keywords": ["savanna-forest boundary", " soil organic carbon", " particulate organic carbon", " mineral-associated organic carbon", " pyrogenic carbon", " soil carbon stability"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhou, Yong", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16887474"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16887474", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16887474", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16887474"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6611475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:14Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Large dataset of soil organic carbon and topographic derivatives", "description": "Embargo<strong>Abstract</strong>: The dataset compiles 840 georeferenced SOC measurements over a 26-ha agricultural field located in southern Ontario, Canada with a sampling density of ~32 points per ha. As SOC is influenced by site topography (i.e., slope and landscape position), each point of the database was associated with a wide range of topographic derivatives. The columns include sample ID, SOC measurement, latitude, Longitude, NDVI values, as well as a set of 54 topographic derivatives (i.e., primary and secondary - see metadat.pdf attached file) with a spatial resolution of a 5 m.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Keywords: Soil Organic Carbon dataset", " LiDAR", " topographic derivatives", " southern Ontario", " Canada", " digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laamrani Ahmed, Voroney Paul, Saurette Daniel, D., Berg Aaron, Blackburn Line, Gillespie Adam, Martin Ralph, C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611475"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6611475", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6611475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6611475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4291855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "EstSoil-EH: A high-resolution eco-hydrological modelling parameters dataset for Estonia (dataset)", "description": "Open AccessThis research has been supported by the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions individual fellowships under the Horizon 2020 Programme grant agreement number 795625, the Mobilitas Pluss postdoctoral researcher grant number MOBJD233 and grant numbers PRG352, PRG609, and PRG874 of the Estonian Research Council (ETAG), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the NUTIKAS programme of the Archimedes foundation, and by the Estonian Environmental Investment Centre.", "keywords": ["https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/theme/35", "13. Climate action", "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4855", "soil", " texture", " FAO", " WRB", " available water capacity", " AWC", " estonia", " soilmap", " hydraulic properties", " soil organic carbon", " SOC", " bulk density", " saturated hydraulic conductivity", " ecosystem services", "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/15138", "15. Life on land", "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/group/4856"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kmoch, Alexander, Kanal, Arno, Astover, Alar, Kull, Ain, Virro, Holger, Helm, Aveliina, P\u00e4rtel, Meelis, Ostonen, Ivika, Uuemaa, Evelyn,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4291855"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4291855", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4291855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4291855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7126483", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data to support the publication \"Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: Analysis of long-term experiments in Europe\"", "description": "<strong>Raw data:</strong> Experimental plot ids and information, mass distribution of all aggregate fractions after wet sieving, Sand content of each fraction to conduct the sand correction, mass distribution of all fractions after isolating the micro-aggregates held within the macroaggregates, yields per treatment, carbon content per fraction (raw data) <strong>All data per plot: </strong>SOC content, MAOM and POM content of each fraction presented in the fractionation scheme included in the manuscript, together with the mass of the relative fractions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SOC", " MAOM", " POM aggregates", " MWD", " soil organic carbon", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Panagea, Ioanna", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7126483"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7126483", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7126483", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7126483"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7126484", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data to support the publication \"Impact of agricultural management on soil aggregates and associated organic carbon fractions: Analysis of long-term experiments in Europe\"", "description": "<strong>Raw data:</strong> Experimental plot ids and information, mass distribution of all aggregate fractions after wet sieving, Sand content of each fraction to conduct the sand correction, mass distribution of all fractions after isolating the micro-aggregates held within the macroaggregates, yields per treatment, carbon content per fraction (raw data) <strong>All data per plot: </strong>SOC content, MAOM and POM content of each fraction presented in the fractionation scheme included in the manuscript, together with the mass of the relative fractions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SOC", " MAOM", " POM aggregates", " MWD", " soil organic carbon", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Panagea, Ioanna", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7126484"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7126484", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7126484", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7126484"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7787856", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon and related crop yield dynamics in China's cropland", "description": "Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and food supply are vital for human survival when facing climate change. Site-specific best management practices (BMPs) are being promoted for adoption globally as solutions. However, how SOC and crop yield are related to each other in responding to BMPs remains unknown. Here, path analysis based on meta-analysis and machine learning was conducted to identify the effects and potential mechanisms of how the relationship between SOC and crop yield responds to site-specific BMPs in China. The results showed that BMPs could significantly enhance SOC and maintain or increase crop yield. The maximum benefits in SOC (30.6%) and crop yield (79.8%) occurred in mineral fertilizer combined with organic inputs (MOF). Specifically, the optimal SOC and crop yield would be achieved when the areas were arid, soil pH was \u22657.3, initial SOC content was \u226410 g kg-1, duration was >10 years, and the nitrogen (N) input level was 100-200 kg ha-1. Further analysis revealed that the original SOC level and crop yield change showed an inverted V-shaped structure. The association between the changes in SOC and crop yield might be linked to the positive role of the nutrient-mediated effect. The results generally suggested that improving the SOC can strongly support better crop performance. Limitations in increasing crop yield still exist due to low original SOC levels, and in regions where the excessive N inputs, inappropriate tillage or organic input is inadequate and could be diminished by optimizing BMPs in harmony with site-specific conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "climate change", " soil organic carbon", " crop yield", " farming management", " nutrient-mediated effect", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lin, Baijian, Zhang, Hailin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7787856"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7787856", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7787856", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7787856"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8340380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "TUdi-Vinedivers_Vineyard_Soil_Data_Austria", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil physical parameters", "vineyards", "Soil organic carbon", "management", " vineyards", " soil physical parameters", " Soil organic carbon", "15. Life on land", "Vineyards", "Management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebhard Gunther, Strauss Peter,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8340380"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8340380", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8340380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8340380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8340381", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "TUdi-Vinedivers_Vineyard_Soil_Data_Austria", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil physical parameters", "vineyards", "Soil organic carbon", "management", " vineyards", " soil physical parameters", " Soil organic carbon", "15. Life on land", "Vineyards", "Management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gunther, Liebhard, Peter, Strauss,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8340381"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8340381", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8340381", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8340381"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-05", "description": "<p>In semiarid areas, traditional, intensive tillage has led to the depletion of soil organic matter, which has resulted in reduced soil fertility. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different soil management systems, practised over 12 years, on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (SN) and biologically active organic matter (particulate organic matter [POM]; potentially mineralisable nitrogen [PMN]; microbial biomass [MB]). A Mediterranean Alfisol, located in central Spain, was managed using combinations of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) or no-tillage (NT), plus a cropping background of either continuous wheat (WW) or a fallow/wheat/pea/barley rotation (FW). Soil was sampled at two depths on four occasions during 2006-2007. The results showed the sampling date and the cropping background to significantly affect the SOC (p&lt;0.0057 and p&lt;0.0001 respectively). Tillage practice, however, had no effect on SOC or SN. The C-and N-POM contents were significantly influenced by the date, tillage and rotation. These variables were significantly higher under NT than CT and under WW than FW. The PMN was influenced by date, tillage and rotation, while C-MB was significantly affected by tillage (p&lt; 0.0063), but not by rotation. The NT plots accumulated 66% C-POM, 60% N-POM, 39% PMN and 84% C-MB more than the CT plots. After more than 12 years, the benefits of conservation practices were found in the considered soil properties, mainly under no tillage. In order to obtain a consistent data set to predict soil biological status, it is necessary further study over time.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "conservation agriculture; crop rotation; fallow; soil organic carbon; labile soil organic matter", "fallow", "S", "Conservation agriculture", "Soil organic carbon", "Agriculture", "Soil Science; Soil Management; Agriculture", "Labile soil organic matter", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "conservation agriculture", "crop rotation", "Crop rotation", "13. Climate action", "Fallow", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultura; suelos", "labile soil organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2013111-3455"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2013113-3747", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-31", "title": "Simulating Improved Combinations Tillage-Rotation Under Dryland Conditions", "description": "<p>Crop simulation models allow analyzing various tillage-rotation combinations and exploring management scenarios. This study was conducted to test the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) modelling system in rainfed semiarid central Spain. The focus is on the combined effect of tillage system and winter cereal-based rotations (cereal/legume/fallow) on the crop yield and soil quality. The observed data come from a 16-year field experiment. The CERES and CROPGRO models, included in DSSAT v4.5, were used to simulate crop growth and yield, and DSSAT-CENTURY was used in the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (SN) simulations. Genetic coefficients were calibrated using part of the observed data. Field observations showed that barley grain yield was lower for continuous cereal (BB) than for vetch (VB) and fallow (FB) rotations for both tillage systems. The CERES-Barley model also reflected this trend. The model predicted higher yield in the conventional tillage (CT) than in the no tillage (NT) probably due to the higher nitrogen availability in the CT, shown in the simulations. The SOC and SN in the top layer only, were higher in NT than in CT, and decreased with depth in both simulated and observed values. These results suggest that CT-VB and CT-FB were the best combinations for the dry land conditions studied. However, CT presented lower SN and SOC content than NT. This study shows how models can be a useful tool for assessing and predicting crop growth and yield, under different management systems and under specific edapho-climatic conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sequential simulation", "S", "sequential simulation", "Soil organic carbon", "Agricultura", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "CENTURY model", "Crop simulation models", "CERES-Barley", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agriculture; plant production", "CENTURY model; CERES-Barley; Crop simulation models; DSSAT; sequential simulation; soil organic carbon", "DSSAT"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013113-3747"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2013113-3747", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2013113-3747", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2013113-3747"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/362619", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:06Z", "type": "Report", "title": "LA PREDICCION DEL CONTENIDO EN CARBONO EN SUELOS MEDIANTE ANALISIS QUIMIOMETRICO DE ESPECTROS INFRARROJOS", "description": "Open AccessNo", "keywords": ["Sensores proximales", "PLS", "EJP Soil; MIR; ProbeField; soil organic carbon; soil organic matter", "Espectroscop\u00eda MIR", "Regresi\u00f3n de m\u00ednimos cuadrados parciales"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-N\u00fa\u00f1eZ, Rafael, Cobos-Sabate, Joaqu\u00edn, Cayuela-S\u00e1nchez, Jose Antonio, Almendros-Mart\u00edn, Gonzalo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/362619"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/362619", "name": "item", "description": "10261/362619", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/362619"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/366298", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:06Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "TUdi-Vinedivers_Vineyard_Soil_Data_Austria", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil physical parameters", "vineyards", "Soil organic carbon", "management", " vineyards", " soil physical parameters", " Soil organic carbon", "15. Life on land", "Vineyards", "Management"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gunther, Liebhard, Peter, Strauss,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/366298"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/366298", "name": "item", "description": "10261/366298", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/366298"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3291713", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-15", "title": "Effect of long-term irrigation and tillage practices on X-ray CT and gas transport derived pore-network characteristics", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The gas transport parameters, diffusivity and air-filled porosity are crucial for soil aeration, microbial activity and greenhouse gas emission, and directly depend on soil structure. In this study, we analysed the effect of long-term tillage and irrigation practices on the surface structure of an arable soil in New Zealand. Our hypothesis was that topsoil structure would change under intensification of arable production, affecting gas exchange. Intact soil cores were collected from plots under intensive tillage (IT) and direct drill (DD), irrigated or rainfed. In total, 32 cores were scanned by X-ray computed tomography (CT) to derive the pore network &amp;gt;30 \u00b5m. The cores were then used to measure soil-gas diffusivity, air-permeability and air-filled porosity of pores close to the resolution of the X-ray CT scans, namely =30 \u00b5m. The gas measurements allow the calculation of pore-network connectivity and tortuosity parameters, which were compared with the CT-derived structural characteristics. Long-term irrigation had little effect on any of the parameters analysed. Total porosity tended to be lower under IT than DD, whereas the CT-derived porosity was comparable. Both the CT-derived mean pore diameter (MPD) and other morphological parameters, as well as gas measurement-derived parameters, highlighted a less developed structure under IT. The differences in the functional pore-network structure were attributed to SOC depletion and the mechanical disturbance through IT. Significant correlations between CT-derived parameters and functional gas transport parameters such as tortuosity and MPD were found, which suggest that X-ray CT could be useful in the prediction of gas transport.</p></article>", "keywords": ["AGRICULTURE", "soil structure.", "P-parameter", "Soil structure", "carbon depletion", "MANAGEMENT", "COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY", "PERMEABILITY", "CONSERVATION TILLAGE", "Dexter index", "Intensive tillage", "SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON", "carbon depletion; Dexter index; intensive tillage; P -parameter; soil organic carbon; soil structure.; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Soil Science; Earth-Surface Processes", "P -parameter", "LOAM SOIL", "Soil organic carbon", "POROSITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil organic carbon", "NO-TILL", "NITROGEN", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon depletion", "soil structure", "intensive tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18210"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3291713"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3291713", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3291713", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3291713"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11585/912997", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-02", "title": "Multi\u2010modelling predictions show high uncertainty of required carbon input changes to reach a 4\u2030 target", "description": "Abstract                                                             <p>                       Soils store vast amounts of carbon (C) on land, and increasing soil organic carbon (                       SOC                       ) stocks in already managed soils such as croplands may be one way to remove C from the atmosphere, thereby limiting subsequent warming. The main objective of this study was to estimate the amount of additional C input needed to annually increase                       SOC                       stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments in Europe, including exogenous organic matter (                       EOM                       ) additions. We used an ensemble of six                       SOC                       models and ran them under two configurations: (1) with default parametrization and (2) with parameters calibrated site\uffe2\uff80\uff90by\uffe2\uff80\uff90site to fit the evolution of                       SOC                       stocks in the control treatments (without                       EOM                       ). We compared model simulations and analysed the factors generating variability across models. The calibrated ensemble was able to reproduce the                       SOC                       stock evolution in the unfertilised control treatments. We found that, on average, the experimental sites needed an additional 1.5 \uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff891.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg C ha                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       \uffc2\uffa0year                       \uffe2\uff88\uff921                       to increase                       SOC                       stocks by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over 30\uffe2\uff80\uff89years, compared to the C input in the control treatments (multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median \uffc2\uffb1 median standard deviation across sites). That is, a 119% increase compared to the control. While mean annual temperature, initial                       SOC                       stocks and initial C input had a significant effect on the variability of the predicted C input in the default configuration (i.e., the relative standard deviation of the predicted C input from the mean), only water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables (i.e., mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) explained the divergence between models when calibrated. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing                       SOC                       stocks in agriculture and accentuates the need to increasingly lean on multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model ensembles when predicting                       SOC                       stock trends and related processes. To increase the reliability of                       SOC                       models under future climate change, we suggest model developers to better constrain the effect of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables on                       SOC                       decomposition.                     </p>                                                           Highlights                     <p>                                                                           <p>The feasibility of the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 target was studied at 16 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term agricultural experiments.</p>                                                                             <p>An ensemble of soil organic carbon models was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions.</p>                                                                             <p>On average across the sites, carbon input had to increase by 119% compared to initial conditions.</p>                                                                             <p>High uncertainty of the simulations was mainly driven by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables.</p>                                                                     </p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "550", "multi-modelling", "630", "Climate change", "agriculture", "4 per 1000 initiative; agriculture; carbon sequestration; climate change; European targets; multi-modelling; soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Soil organic carbon", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "soil organic carbon", "climate change", "4 per 1000 initiative", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Multi-modelling", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "European targets"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/912997/4/European%20J%20Soil%20Science%20-%202022%20-%20Bruni%20-%20Multi%e2%80%90modelling%20predictions%20show%20high%20uncertainty%20of%20required%20carbon%20input%20changes.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13330"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11585/912997"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11585/912997", "name": "item", "description": "11585/912997", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11585/912997"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/17550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "United Kingdom", "process-based models", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "bare-fallow soils; model parametrization; process-based models; protocol for model comparison; soil organic carbon dynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "774124", "ddc:570", "France", "bare fallow soils", "model parametrization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809186/2/GCB-20-1834_Proof_fl.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/17550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/17550", "name": "item", "description": "2164/17550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/17550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+soil+organic+carbon&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+soil+organic+carbon&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+soil+organic+carbon&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=+soil+organic+carbon&offset=36", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 36, "numberReturned": 36, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T07:42:20.029792Z"}