{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From Manure-Amended Soil Under Maize", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N{sub 2}O) emissions by agricultural soils are influenced by farming practices. The application of manure to cultivated land modifies soil microbial activity by supplying additional quantities of C and N and changing soil physical and chemical properties. Nitrous oxide fluxes at the surface of a soil under maize (Zea mays L.) amended with dairy cattle manure were measured from April to October 1993 using closed chambers. The manure application rates were 0, 56, and 112 Mg ha{sup {minus}1} corresponding to 0. 170, and 339 kg ha{sup {minus}1} of total N, respectively. Nitrate and NH{sub 4}{sup +} were measured in soil samples obtained at the same time that gas flux measurements were made. Nitrous oxide concentrations in the soil profile were quantified by sampling soil air at depths of 5 and 15 cm using stationary air probes. On the manured plots 67% of the total N{sub 2}O emitted during the growing season occurred during the first 7 wk following manure application. Fluxes of N{sub 2}O occurred in episodes with maxima that ranged from 0.070 mg m{sup {minus}2} h{sup {minus}1} on the soil without manure amendment to 0.171 and 0.494 mg M{sup {minus}2} h{sup {minus}1} on soils that had receivedmore\u00a0\u00bb the low and high rates of manure, respectively. These high fluxes coincided with periods when NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}-N levels and soil water contents were relatively high. Fluxes were highest the first day after manure application and returned to near pre-application levels 7 d later. This episode was followed by short-lived peaks of N{sub 2}O flux that usually followed periods of rain. 34 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.\u00ab\u00a0less", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060029x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Of Wheat: Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics", "description": "The predicted positive impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration on crop biomass production suggests that more C will reach the soil. An aspect of soil C sequestration that requires further study is the effect of elevated CO 2 on C and N dynamics; this relationship is the key to understanding potential long-term C storage in soil. Soil samples (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm increments) were collected after 2 yr of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under two CO 2 levels [370 (ambient) and 550 \u03bcL L -1 (free-air CO 2 enrichment)(FACE)] and two water treatments [100% of ET replaced (wet) and 50% of ET replaced (dry)] on a Trix clay loam [fine, loamy, mixed (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvents] at Maricopa, AZ. Organic C, total N, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were determined during a 60-d incubation study. Organic C content increased at all three soil depths under FACE and the total N content increased at the 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths. In general, increased N mineralization under dry conditions corresponded well with patterns of higher C mineralization and turnover. Nitrogen mineralization was unaffected by CO 2 treatment, indicating that factors other than N may limit C mineralization and turnover. Soil respiration and C turnover patterns were not affected by CO 2 treatment level at the 0 to 5 cm depth; however, these measures were lower under FACE at the lower depths. Soil respiration and C turnover at the 10 to 20 cm depth were increased by water stress under ambient Co 2 ;these measures under both water levels for FACE were similar to the ambient CO 2 /wet treatment, suggesting that more C storage in wheat cropping systems is likely under elevated CO 2 regardless of water treatment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040031x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Impact Of Alternative Farm Management Practices On Nitrogen Pollution Of Groundwater: Evaluation And Application Of Century Model", "description": "Abstract

An important environmental issue for Canadian agriculture is groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pollution. Addressing this issue requires understanding the impact of farm management practices on nitrate leaching, but empirical studies are limited by resource and time constraints. The CENTURY model was adapted to southwestern Ontario agricultural conditions and then used to predict short\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of crop choice and crop rotation pattern, fertilizer management, and tillage practice on N leaching. CENTURY model evaluation suggests that aboveground C production (translated into grain yield) and N leaching predicted by CENTURY provide good representation of results from actual field\uffe2\uff80\uff90measured data. Results suggest that relative reduction in groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leached is markedly greater at higher rates of fertilizer application than at lower (below the maximum economic rate of N fertilization) rates. Although tillage may not dramatically affect N leaching, other farm management practices such as crop type and crop rotation choice, along with the carry\uffe2\uff80\uff90over effects of these management activities on mineralization of soil organic matter, may have a significant effect on N leaching from the root zone.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050009x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "Abstract

Ash from the bark\uffe2\uff80\uff90fueled power boiler at International Paper's Georgetown mill was applied in a column study and a field trial to test land application. Tested application rates were 11, 22, and 44 Mg/ha of ash per rotation. The soil column study found a flush of cations, primarily K and Ca, with the initial 76 cm of 10\uffe2\uff88\uff925 M oxalic acid leachate. Soils collected after field applications also had higher concentrations of exchangeable K and Ca in the surface soil. Concentrations were disproportionately larger with higher rates. There was little change in concentrations at 45\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths and surface soils returned to near control levels on all sites, except those with the highest rate, within 60 wk. Groundwater samples showed very small differences that were only significant and consistent for Ca, K, and SO4. Heavy metal levels were near detection levels throughout the study. None of the application rates had an effect on groundwater that would compromise drinking water standards. Bark boiler ash, at application rates tested, appears to be safe on moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained Atlantic Coastal Plain soils. The soil changes observed suggest ash application could be used to partially replace cations removed during harvest of short rotation pine plantations.

", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas M. Williams, Charles A. Hollis, Bill R. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050005x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Emissions Of Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide From Injected Anhydrous Ammonium And Urea", "description": "This study characterizes soil emissions of NO and N{sub 2}O from banded applications of anhydrous ammonium (AA) and urea over the period from 6 May 1994 to 12 September 1994 from a losses soil in western Tennessee. The N application rate for both sources was 168 kg ha{sup {minus}1}. Fertilizer type strongly influenced emissions of N{sub 2}O (F = 231; P = 0.0001) and NO (F = 69; P = 0.0001). During the 129 d measurement period, the AA treatment lost 12.33 Kg of N{sub 2}O-N or 7.33% of the applied N. The N{sub 2}O-N loss from the urea treatment was about one-half that from AA; 6.34 kg ha{sup {minus}1} or 3.77% of the applied N. Loss of NO-N from both treatment was small compared with N{sub 2}O-N loss. The urea treatment lost 0.27 kg ha{sup {minus}1} as NO-N and the AA treatment lost 0.2 kg ha{sup {minus}1} during the study period. While the measured loss rate of N{sub 2}O-N from AA is similar to previous literature estimates, our values for urea are 20 to 40 times greater than the current literature reports of N{sub 2}O-N loss of 0.1 to 0.2% of the urea applied. Higher N{sub 2}O losses frommore\u00a0\u00bb urea in this study may be related to the fact that urea was banded below the soil surface, whereas urea has been broadcast on the soil surface in other N{sub 2}O emissions studies. 31 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.\u00ab\u00a0less", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Donald D. Tyler, Bert R. Bock, F. C. Thornton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060030x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Biogeochemical Cycling Following Planting To Red Pine On A Sandy Prairie Soil", "description": "Native prairies in the Lower Wisconsin River Valley provide a means of comparing nutrient cycling patterns across undisturbed and managed ecosystems. Bulk precipitation, throughfall, and soil solutions at three depths were collected from August 1991 to December 1993 at three study sites (native prairie and native prairie planted to 30 and 40-year-old red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.). Elemental input-output balances were calculated from water chemistry data and from water balances using chloride as a tracer. Concentrations of cations and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution were greater in the conifer plantations than in the prairie ecosystem. Inorganic acid concentrations were only slightly higher under pine than under prairie, suggesting that the greater cation leaching under pine vegetation was dependent on DOC contributed by throughfall and leaching from the forest floor. There was a small net gain in Mg and losses in Ca, K, and S in the prairie ecosystem. There was a net loss in all elements from the pine ecosystem, and losses were greater than from the prairie. The greater losses in Mg, K, and S from the pine ecosystem are attributed to interception of dry deposition by the tree canopy. Sulfur contributed by dry deposition to the pine ecosystem was mainly returned to the forest floor as organic S and oxidized to SO 2- 4 as solutions passed through the soil profile. In contrast, greater Ca losses under pine than under prairie are attributed to increased weathering due to afforestation.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sylvie A. Quideau, J. G. Bockheim,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040032x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Management Practices To Conserve Soil Nitrate In Maize Production Systems", "description": "Abstract

Residual soil N following maize (Zea mays L.) harvest is susceptible to leaching over winter. There is no available information regarding the combination of intercropping system and water table control to conserve soil N in maize production systems. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study was conducted to examine the effects of cropping systems (monocrop maize, and maize intercropped with annual Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lam.]) and water table controls (free drainage, or subirrigation to establish water table depths at 70 and 80 cm below the soil surface) on conserving soil N, under climatic and soil conditions of southwestern Qu\uffc3\uffa9bec. The resulting six treatments were fertilized in the spring with 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The effects of adding fertilizer at 0, 180, and 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 on monocrop maize with free drainage were also investigated. Soil cores of 1 m in depth were collected in the spring and fall of 1993 and 1994. In 1993, intercropping decreased the amount of NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the top 1 m of the soil profile by 47% (92.3 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) relative to monocropped maize at harvest time. Water table depth had less effect on soil NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N content than cropping system. Both increasing water table depth and monocrop maize enhanced downward movement of NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N during the growing season and following spring. More NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff90N was present in freely drained subsoil under maize given 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 than under maize given 180 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. F. MacKenzie, Donald L. Smith, Xiaomin Zhou, J. Wambua Kaluli, Chandra A. Madramootoo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050024x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/346511", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-14", "title": "Remobilization of Old Permafrost Carbon to Chukchi Sea Sediments During the End of the Last Deglaciation", "description": "Abstract

Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) by thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (\uffce\uff9414C, \uffce\uffb413C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS\uffe2\uff80\uff90L2\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Aller\uffc3\uffb8d warm period starting at 13,000\uffc2\uffa0cal\uffc2\uffa0years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000\uffc2\uffa0cal\uffc2\uffa0years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650\uffc2\uffa0years BP until present. Dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90isotope\uffe2\uff80\uff90based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit\uffe2\uff80\uff94ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)\uffe2\uff80\uff94was the dominant source of organic carbon (66\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%; mean\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as in the late Holocene (3.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.0\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff88\uff921). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.Depending on its concentration and chemical form, Se functions as an essential element or potential toxicant to humans, livestock, and waterfowl. Application of seleniferous organic materials to soils may increase plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available Se content and pose health hazards. This study assessed Se uptake by two successive plantings of canola (Brassica napus cv. Westar) and multiple clippings of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L. cv. Fawn) grown in soils [Hanford sandy loam (coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Durixeralfs) and Panoche clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Torriorthents)] amended with 1.5 mg Se kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil as inorganic selenate (Se O42\uffe2\uff88\uff92) or seleniferous organic materials [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Astragalus praelongus, or cattle (Bos tauris) manure] under growth chamber conditions. Tissues of canola and tall fescue accumulated much greater concentrations of Se from the inorganic SeO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 treatment compared to the treatments with seleniferous organic materials. The addition of crop residue or animal manure to the SeO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated soils considerably reduced Se accumulation by both plant species. In soils amended with seleniferous organic materials, more than 80% of the Se remained in soils after two plantings of canola and all clippings of tall fescue. The slow release of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available Se in soils amended with seleniferous organic materials suggests the use of these materials to control the concentrations of Se in crops grown on nonseleniferous soils.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Selenium", "660", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mass Import - autoclassified (may be erroneous)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ajwa, H.A., Ba\u00f1uelos, G.S., Mayland, H.F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050029x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040028x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Invasive Plant Species And Microbial Processes In A Tidal Freshwater Marsh", "description": "Abstract

Vegetation has a strong influence on N retention in wetlands via direct uptake and by indirect effects on microbial N uptake and denitrificafion. Vegetation change in freshwater tidal marshes is dynamic due to both natural and anthropogenic factors and these changes may influence the water quality maintenance value (i.e., the ability to absorb exogenous N) of these marshes. We measured sediment microbial biomass and activity and plant N content and height in stands of Lythrum salicaria (L.), Phragmites australis [(Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud], and Typha angustifolia (L.) in 1995 and 1996 in Tivoli North Bay, a tidal freshwater marsh along the Hudson River in Dutchess County, New York. Lythrum and Phragmites are invasive plants that have displaced Typha in significant areas of this marsh over the past few decades. A fertilizer (two 5 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 additions of urea) response study was conducted in 1996. There were few differences in microbial biomass and activity and response to N addition between the different plants despite marked differences in plant biomass and N content and significant annual variation in several variables. Although plant change has been dramatic in this marsh, and the new plants appear to cycle N differently than the native plant, microbially\uffe2\uff80\uff90based water quality functions may not have been affected by this change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Anna E. Arreola, Peter M. Groffman, Sibylle Otto, Stuart E. G. Findlay,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040028x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040028x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040028x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040028x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Carbon Inventories Under A Bioenergy Crop (Switchgrass): Measurement Limitations", "description": "Abstract

Approximately 5 yr after planting, coarse root (>2 mm) carbon (C) and soil organic C (SOC) inventories (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 cm deep) were compared under different types of plant cover at four switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production field trials in the southeastern USA. There was significantly (p \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05) more coarse root C under switchgrass (Alamo variety) and forest cover than under tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), corn (Zea mays L.), or native pastures of mixed grasses. Inventories of SOC under switchgrass were not significantly greater than SOC inventories under other plant covers. At some locations the statistical power associated with ANOVA of SOC inventories was low, which raised questions about whether differences in SOC could be detected statistically. A minimum detectable difference (MDD) for SOC inventories was calculated. The MDD is the smallest detectable difference between treatment means once the variation, significance level, statistical power, and sample size are specified. The analysis indicated that a difference of \uffe2\uff89\uff8850 mg SOC/cm2 or 5 Mg SOC/ha, which is \uffe2\uff89\uff8810 to 15% of existing SOC, could be detected with reasonable sample sizes (n = 16) and good statistical power (1 \uffe2\uff88\uff92 \uffce\uffb2 = 0.90). The smallest difference in SOC inventories that can be detected, and only with exceedingly large sample sizes (n > 100), is \uffe2\uff89\uff882 to 3% (\uffe2\uff89\uff8810 mg SOC/cm2 or 1 Mg SOC/ha). These measurement limitations have implications for monitoring and verification of proposals to ameliorate increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentrations by sequestering C in soils.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040041x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Filter Strip Performance And Processes For Different Vegetation, Widths, And Contaminants", "description": "Abstract

Filter strips are widely prescribed to reduce contaminants in surface runoff from agricultural fields. This study compared performance of different filter strip designs on several contaminants and evaluated the contributing processes. Different vegetation types and widths were investigated using simulated runoff event on large plots (3 m \uffc3\uff97 7.5 or 15 m) having fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil and a 6 to 7% slope. Filter strips 7.5 and 15 m wide downslope greatly reduced concentrations of sediment in runoff (76\uffe2\uff80\uff9393%) and contaminants strongly associated with sediment (total P, 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9379%; permethrin, 27\uffe2\uff80\uff9383% [(3\uffe2\uff80\uff90phenoxyphenyl) methyl (\uffc2\uffb1)\uffe2\uff80\uff90cis, trans\uffe2\uff80\uff903\uffe2\uff80\uff90(2,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dichloroethenyl)\uffe2\uff80\uff902,2\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimethyicyclopropanecarboxylate]). They had less effect on concentrations of primarily dissolved contaminants [atrazine, \uffe2\uff88\uff925\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90ethylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff906\uffe2\uff80\uff90isopropylamino\uffe2\uff80\uff90s\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine); alachlor, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9361% [2\uffe2\uff80\uff90chloro\uffe2\uff80\uff902\uffe2\uff80\uffb26\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90diethyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffe2\uff80\uff90(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]; nitrate, 24\uffe2\uff80\uff9348%; dissolved P, 19\uffe2\uff80\uff9343%; bromide, 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9331%]. Dilution of runoff by rainfall accounted for most of the reduction of concentration of dissolved contaminants. Infiltration (36\uffe2\uff80\uff9382% of runoff volume) substantially reduced the mass of contaminants exiting the filter strips. Doubling filter strip width from 7.5 to 15 m doubled infiltration and dilution, but did not improve sediment settling. Young trees and shrubs planted in the lower one\uffe2\uff80\uff90half of otherwise grass strips had no impact on filter performance. Compared with cultivated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grass clearly reduced concentrations of sediment and associated contaminants in runoff, but not volume of runoff and concentration of dissolved contaminants. Settling, infiltration, and dilution processes can explain performance differences among pollutant types and filter strip designs.

", "keywords": ["filter", "processes", "Natural Resources Management and Policy", "widths", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "strip", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "contaminants", "Other Environmental Sciences", "performance", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schmitt, T. J., Dosskey, M. G., Hoagland, K. D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050013x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "description": "Abstract

The impact of organic production practices on soil quality indicators, for selected farms in Nebraska and North Dakota, were evaluated to better understand their effects on soil quality and sustainability. Conventional production practices were the standard to which the effects of organic production were compared. Five organic and conventional farms, matched by soil type, were chosen for the study. Soil properties recognized as basic soil quality indicators were measured on each farm at depths of 0 to 7.6 and 0 to 30.5 cm. Averaged across locations, there was 22% more organic C (12 571 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 20% more total N (970 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on organic farms than conventional farms in the surface 30.5 cm. At four of five locations, organic farms had soil pH closer to neutral, lower bulk density, and higher available\uffe2\uff80\uff90water holding capacity, microbial biomass C and N, and soil respiration as compared with conventional farms. Nutrient levels above crop needs were observed in both organic and conventional farms indicating the potential for negative environmental impacts. Despite this, organic farms often had more potentially mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation) relative to NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the surface 30.5 cm. For conditions of this study, the capacity of organic production practices to improve soil quality was mainly due to use of more diverse crop sequences, application of organic amendments, and less frequent tillage.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050026x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Soil Fluxes Of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, And Methane At A Productive Temperate Deciduous Forest", "description": "Abstract

We measured CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes between soils and the atmosphere in ambient and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90addition plots at a productive black cherry\uffe2\uff80\uff90sugar maple forest in northwest Pennsylvania to examine the link between N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and trace gas fluxes. Fluxes were estimated the using in\uffe2\uff80\uff90situ chambers. Net annual N mineralization was 121.0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and net nitrification was 85.8 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, or 71% of net mineralization. Carbon dioxide (5.09 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) efflux and CH4 uptake (8.90 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were among the highest rates reported for temperate deciduous forests. Emissions of N2O (0.228 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were within the range of rates reported elsewhere, including locations with lower rates of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling. A short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term study (May\uffe2\uff80\uff93Oct.) showed that N fertilization reduced both CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake (CO2 by 19%; CH4 by 24%). N2O effluxes in fertilized plots were not different from control plots. The relatively high rate of soil respiration corresponded to a high rate of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling; however, N2O emissions were not substantially greater than those measured at other locations, suggesting that rapid N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling or N additions in temperate forests do not necessarily result in large emissions of N2O. Concurrent rapid rates of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and high rates of CH4 uptake did not support the hypothesis that N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling rates directly control CH4 uptake. Links between N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling and CH4 oxidation are complex; the influence of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling on flux rates must consider not only the rate of cycling, but also the disposition of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling products, and the factors that influence rates of N dynamics.

", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G. Rullo, R. D. Bowden, G. R. Stevens, P. A. Steudler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010034x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To Clipping And Grazing In A Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "Abstract

Soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface CO2 flux (Fs) is an important component in prairie C budgets. Although grazing is common in grasslands, its effects on Fs have not been well documented. Three clipping treatments: (i) early\uffe2\uff80\uff90season clipping (EC); (ii) full\uffe2\uff80\uff90season clipping (FC); and (iii) no clipping (NC); which represented two grazing strategies and a control, were applied to plots in a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas, USA. Measurements of Fs were made with a portable gas\uffe2\uff80\uff90exchange system at weekly to monthly intervals for 1 yr. Concurrent measurements of soil temperature and volumetric soil water content at 0.1 m were obtained with dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90probe heat\uffe2\uff80\uff90capacity sensors. Measurements of Fs also were obtained in grazed pastures. Fs ranged annually from 8.8 \uffc3\uff97 10\uffe2\uff88\uff923 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 S\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the winter to 0.51 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 s\uffe2\uff88\uff921 during the summer, following the patterns of soil temperature and canopy growth and phenology. Clipping typically reduced Fs 21 to 49% by the second day after clipping despite higher soil temperatures in clipped plots. Cumulative annual Fs were 4.94, 4.04, and 4.11 kg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in NC, EC, and FC treatments, respectively; thus, dipping reduced annual Fs by 17.5%. Differences in Fs between EC and FC were minimal, suggesting that different grazing strategies had little additional impact on annual Fs. Daily Fs in grazed pastures was 20 to 37% less than Fs in ungrazed pastures. Results suggest that grazing moderates Fs during the growing season by reducing canopy photosynthesis and slowing translocation of carbon to the rhizosphere.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060034x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Leaching Of Total Nitrogen From Nitrogen-15-Labeled Poultry Manure And Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer", "description": "Abstract

Field lysimeters containing an undisturbed sandy soil were used to evaluate leaching of manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N over 3 yr. Manure labeled with 15N (poultry excreta), which was either fresh or had been decomposed under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, was applied in May during the first year at a rate corresponding to 100 kg total N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. For comparison, labeled 15NH415NO3 (100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was applied simultaneously to additional lysimeters while others were left unfertilized. During the second and third year, all lysimeters, except the unfertilized ones, received unlabeled NH4NO3 at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Each year, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was seeded prior to fertilization. Based on the difference method, leaching of total N during the first year was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between lysimeters treated with NH4NO3, fresh manure, and anaerobic manure, but lower from those with aerobic manure. Regarding leaching of residual manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N estimated with the 15N method, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the NH4NO3 fertilized and manured lysimeters. As much as 19, 28, and 26% leached in the treatments with fresh, anaerobically, and aerobically decomposed manure, respectively, whereas only about 3% leached in the NH4NO3 fertilized lysimeters in the two subsequent years. The crop uptake of labeled N were smaller in the manured lysimetcrs than in the NH4NO3 fertilized lysimeters. These results suggest that there is a greater potential for N leaching in the longterm from animal manures than from inorganic N fertilizers.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Holger Kirchmann, Lars Bergstr\u00f6m,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040032x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrogen Management Impacts On Yield And Nitrate Leaching In Inbred Maize Systems", "description": "Abstract

Little information is available regarding N management of inbred maize (Zea mays L.), which exports less N than hybrid maize. Nitrate contamination of the groundwater has been a concern in St Joseph County in southwest Michigan where >20 000 ha of seed maize are grown on sand and sandy loam soils. Over application of N fertilizer potentially reduces profits of the local growers and poses a threat to the environment. A field experiment was conducted from 1990 to 1994 to estimate N fertilizer requirements of three different inbred varieties for maximizing yields while minimizing ground water pollution. Yield and N content of grain and stover were analyzed at the end of each growing season. Nitrate leaching was monitored throughout the 5 yr of study by collecting and analyzing drainage flows out of five large field lysimeters. Grain yield was the least responsive to N fertilization, compared with stover biomass, and grain and stover N concentrations. Analyses of yield, NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching and soil N balance indicated that the appropriate fertilization of the P38 mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90season inbred approximated 108 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Nitrate leaching out of unfertilized plots reached a threshold of 12 to 15 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, during the last 2 yr of treatment. Application of 101 and 202 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 generated an average annual loss of 26 and 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, during the last 2 yr of treatment.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040042x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-08", "title": "Crop Diversification Effects on Soil Aggregation and Aggregate-Associated Carbon and Nitrogen in Short-Term Rainfed Olive Groves under SemiaridMediterranean Conditions", "description": "

Soil particle aggregation and their associated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content can provide valuable diagnostic indicators of changes in soil properties in response to the implementation of different agricultural management practices. In this sense, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of intercropping on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools in aggregates. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect (4 years) of three crop diversifications in rainfed olive orchards on soil aggregation, SOC and TN concentration and SOC stocks (SOC-S) under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Olive orchards were diversified with Crocus sativus (D-S), Vicia sativa and Avena sativa in rotation (D-O) and Lavandula x intermedia (D-L) and compared with monocropping system (CT). Soil samples were collected at two depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) and analysed for soil aggregate mass, SOC and TN content in aggregate-size fractions obtained by the wet-sieving method. Changes caused by crop diversifications on SOC-S were also determined. Overall, after 4 years, a reduction in aggregation values was observed. However, D-S increased the macroaggregates (>250 \uffce\uffbcm) percentage, Mean Weigh Diameter values, and Geometric Mean Value in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm. Across treatments, aggregate-associated C in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm was higher in the D-S treatment, while in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm soil layer, the greatest values were found in CT. Regarding the SOC-S, after 4 years, significant losses were recorded under CT management in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.21 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.84 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), while D-O and D-L showed similar values to those obtained at the beginning of the study. The highest increases in SOC-S were found in D-S, with an increase of 5.88% in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm and 14.47% in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm. Our results showed the high potential of the diversified cropping system to increase soil stability and SOC sequestration.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregate-associated organic carbon", "Intercropping", "olive orchards", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aggregate-associated organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "intercropping", "Olive orchards", "olive orchards; intercropping; aggregate-associated organic carbon", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Nitrate Leaching And Nitrogen Budget As Affected By Maize Nitrogen Rate And Soil Type", "description": "Abstract

Leaching loss as nitrate (NO3) is a growing concern because of its potential effect on water resources. Leaching of NO3 with drainage water from subsurface\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained field plots seeded to maize (Zea mays L.) in 1992, 1993, and 1994 was measured on two soil types (a clay loam and a loamy sand) and for three N fertilization rates (22, 100, and 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The 100 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate was based on the results of a presidedress nitrate test (PSNT). Nitrate nitrogen (NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N) leaching was similar between fertilizer N treatments at both sites in 1992, the first year after sod plowdown, but concentrations were greater than 10 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921. For the subsequent two years, losses were similar for the 22 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and the PSNT\uffe2\uff80\uff90based treatments, but significantly higher for the 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment on the clay loam. On the loamy sand, losses increased from the lowest to the highest N rate. Nitrate leaching losses were consistently higher on the loamy sand than on the clay loam. The N budget results showed that the 134 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate had the highest residual soil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff90N in the three years at both sites. On the clay loam, significant N losses occurred from denitrification following alfalfa plowdown and the subsequent fall and spring. Results indicate that N use efficiency rapidly decreases with overfertilization, even with N fertilization rates that only slightly exceed (134%) crop requirements. The PSNT\uffe2\uff80\uff90based rate reduced N leaching losses while maintaining maize yields.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Charissa Yang, Jean Mianikpo Sogbedji, Fred R. Magdoff, Harold M. van Es, Larry D. Geohring,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060011x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Soils In A Florida Scrub Oak Ecosystem", "description": "ABSTRACT

The results of a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study on the effects of elevated CO2on soil N and P, soil pCO2, and calculated CO2efflux in a fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90regenerated Florida scrub oak ecosystem are summarized. We hypothesized that elevated CO2would cause (i) increases in soil pCO2and soil respiration and (ii) reduced levels of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90available N and P. The effects of elevated CO2on soil N availability differed according to the method used. Results of resin lysimeter collections and anion exchange membrane tests in the field showed reduced NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923in soils in Years 1 and 3. On the other hand, re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of homogenized, buried soil bags after 1 yr suggested a relative increase in N availability (lower C to N ratio) under elevated CO2In the case of P, the buried bags and membranes suggested a negative effect of CO2on P during the first year; this faded over time, however, as P availability declined overall, probably in response to P uptake. Elevated CO2had no effect on soil pCO2or calculated soil respiration at any time, further suggesting that plant rather than microbial uptake was the primary factor responsible for the observed changes in N and P availability with elevated CO2

", "keywords": ["Soil", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Ecosystem", "Fires", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Graham J. Hymus, Bert G. Drake, Paul Dijkstra, Bruce A. Hungate, David W. Johnson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.302501x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.302501x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Methane Emissions Of Rice Increased By Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature", "description": "ABSTRACT

Methane (CH4) effluxes by paddy\uffe2\uff80\uff90culture rice (Oryza sativa L.) contribute about 16% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Since radiative forcing of CH4 at current atmospheric concentrations is 21 times greater on a per mole basis than that of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is imperative that the impact of global change on rice CH4 emissions be evaluated. Rice (cv. IR72) was planted in sunlit, closed\uffe2\uff80\uff90circulation, controlled\uffe2\uff80\uff90environment chambers in which CH4 efflux densities were measured daily. The CO2 concentration was maintained at either 330 or 660 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Air temperatures were controlled to daily maxima and minima of 32/23, 35/26, and 38/29\uffc2\uffb0C at each CO2 treatment. Emissions of CH4 each day were determined during a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h period after venting and resealing the chambers at 0800 h. Diurnal CH4 effluxes on 77, 98, and 119 d after planting (DAP) were obtained similarly at 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90h intervals. Emissions over four\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant hills and over flooded bare soil were measured at 53, 63, and 100 DAP. Emissions were negligible before 40 DAP. Thereafter, emissions were observed first in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments and reached a sustained maximum efflux density of about 7 mg m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (0.17 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) near the end of the growing season. Total seasonal CH4 emission was fourfold greater for high\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatments than for the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature treatment, probably due to more root sloughing or exudates, since about sixfold more acetate was found in the soil at 71 DAP. Both rising CO2 and increasing temperatures could lead to a positive feedback on global warming by increasing the emissions of CH4 from rice.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Hot Temperature", "Atmosphere", "Air", "Temperature", "Oryza", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Environment", " Controlled", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Humans", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Leon Hartwell Allen, Wilfredo Col\u00f3n-Guasp, Stephen A. Covell, Kenneth J. Boote, Deyun Pan, Stephan L. Albrecht, Jeffrey T. Baker,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.1978", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.1978"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "title": "Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, And Nitrogen Dioxide Fluxes From Soils After Manure And Urea Application", "description": "ABSTRACT

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas, and NO and NO2 play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. Nitrous oxide, NO, and NO2 fluxes from fertilized soils were measured six times per day by an automated flux monitoring system for one year, beginning on 21 May 1998. Pac choi (Brassica spp.) was cultivated for two months, and the plots were left fallow the remainder of the year. Two types of manure, poultry manure (PM) and swine manure (SM), and a chemical fertilizer, urea, were applied to the soil. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each case was 15 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 The total fluxes from PM, SM, and urea for the year were 184, 61.3, and 44.8 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for N2O, respectively; 9.95, 16.6, and 148 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO, respectively; and \uffe2\uff88\uff926.21, \uffe2\uff88\uff927.23, and \uffe2\uff88\uff927.84 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO2, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the NO flux and the NO concentration of the chamber air just after the chamber was closed, when a flux from the atmosphere to soil was observed for 10 months. The mean gross NO production, the NO uptake rate constant, and the apparent compensation point for this period were 0.79 to 0.95 \uffce\uffbcg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 120 to 128 L m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and 5.65 to 7.35 ppbv, respectively.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hiroko Akiyama, Haruo Tsuruta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-20", "title": "Leaching Rates And Preferential Flow Of Selected Herbicides Through Tilled And Untilled Soil", "description": "Abstract

Pesticides can be transported to ground water more rapidly through preferential flowpaths than would be predicted from their physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties. The leaching rates of the herbicides 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D, bromoxynil, clopyralid, dicamba, diclofop, MCPA, and mecoprop were compared in this study on plots filled after harvest (conventional till, CT) and those that were not (fall tillage operation omitted, NT). The soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90incorporated herbicides triallate and trifluralin were applied to the CT plot only. Herbicide was applied immediately prior to a leaching irrigation for salt removal, which represents a \uffe2\uff80\uff9cworst\uffe2\uff80\uff90case\uffe2\uff80\uff9d scenario for pesticide leaching. Direct evidence of preferential flow was obtained when the herbicides, with the exception of triallate and trifluralin, were detected in the first water reaching the tile drains. Although the nonincorporated herbicides were transported preferentially at the same rate, the amounts transported depended on the solubility and adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the herbicide. Only 0.01% of the application of the least soluble herbicide, diclofop, was transported, compared with 0.46% of the most soluble herbicide, dicamba. Preferential flow was only slightly reduced by the tillage pass. The amounts of herbicide transported to the tile drain, however, were substantially reduced on the CT plot. The tillage effect was greatest for the more soluble and less strongly absorbed herbicides. There was no clear relationship between amounts transported in the year after application and reported persistence but herbicides with the longer half\uffe2\uff80\uff90lives persisted in relatively greater amounts than the other herbicides.

", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jane A. Elliott, Laurie C. Tollefson, Allan J. Cessna, W. Nicholaichuk,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900050036x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Phosphorus Accumulation In Cultivated Soils From Long-Term Annual Applications Of Cattle Feedlot Manure", "description": "ABSTRACT

Historically, manure has been recognized as an excellent soil amendment that can improve soil quality and provide nutrients for crop production. In areas of high animal density, however, the potential for water pollution resulting from improper storage or disposal of manure may be significant. The objective of this study was to determine the P balance of cultivated soils under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production that have received long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual manure amendments. Nonirrigated soils at the study site in Lethbridge, AB, Canada, have received 0, 30, 60, or 90 Mg manure ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (wet wt. basis) while irrigated plots received 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 annually for 16 yr. The amount of P removed in barley grain and straw during the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period was between 5 and 18% of the cumulative manure P applied. There was a balance between P applied in manure and P recovered in crops and soils (to the 150\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth) of nonirrigated plots during the 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr study. In irrigated plots, as much as 1.4 Mg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 added (180 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment) was not recovered over 16 yr, and was probably lost through leaching. The risk of ground water contamination with P from manure was greater in irrigated than nonirrigated plots that have received long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term annual manure amendments. Manure application rates should be reduced in nonirrigated and irrigated plots to more closely match manure P inputs to crop P requirements.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "Water Movements", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.301229x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.301229x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.301229x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACT

Cover crops are a management option to reduce NO3 leaching under cereal grain production. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field lysimeter study was established in Uppsala, Sweden, to evaluate the effect of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cover crop interseeded in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching and availability of N to the main crop. Barley and ryegrass or barley alone were seeded in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90May 1992, in lysimeters (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m diam. \uffc3\uff97 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) of an undisturbed, well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, sandy loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at the same time as labeled 15NH415NO3 (10 atom % 15N) at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 In 1993, barley was reseeded in May in the lysimeters but with nonlabeled NH4NO3 and no cover crop (previous year's cover crop incorporated just prior to seeding). Barley yields and total and fertilizer N uptake in Year 1 (1992) were unaffected by cover crop. Total aboveground N uptake by the ryegrass was 28 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the time of incorporation the following spring. Recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in May 1993 was about 100%; 53% in soil, 46% in barley, <2% in ryegrass, and negligible amounts in leachate. In May 1994, the corresponding figures were: 32% in soil, <3% in barley, and, again, negligible amounts in leachate. The cover crop reduced concentrations of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the leachate considerably (<5 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, compared with 10 to 18 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 without cover crop) at most sampling times from November 1992 to April 1994, and reduced the total amount of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leached (22 compared with 8 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Lolium", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Oxides", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars Bergstr\u00f6m, William E. Jokela,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACT

Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions of CO2 were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Plant Biology", "Horticulture", "Zea mays", "630", "333", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ginting, Daniel, Kessavalou, Anabayan, Eghball, Bahman, Doran, John W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACT

Vegetated filter strips (VFS) are used recently for removal, at or near the source, of sediment and sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90bound chemicals from cropland runoff. Vegetation within the flowpath increases water infiltration and decreases water turbulence, thus enhancing pollutant removal by sedimentation within filter media and infiltration through the filter surface. Field experiments have been conducted to examine the efficiency of vegetated filter strips for phosphorus removal from cropland runoff with 20 filters with varying length (2 to 15 m), slope (2.3 and 5%), and vegetated cover, including bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil plots as control. Artificial runoff used in this study had an average phosphorus concentration of 2.37 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and a sediment concentration of 2700 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The average phosphorus trapping efficiency of all vegetated filters was 61% and ranged from 31% in a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m filter to 89% in a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90m filter. Filter length has been found to be the predominant factor affecting P trapping in VFS. The rate of inflow, type of vegetation, and density of vegetation coverage had secondary influences on P removal. Short filters (2 and 5 m), which are somewhat effective in sediment removal, are much less effective in P removal. Increasing the filter length beyond 15 m is ineffective in enhancing sediment removal but is expected to further enhance P removal. Sediment deposition, infiltration, and plant adsorption are the primary mechanisms for phosphorus trapping in VFS.

", "keywords": ["Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Rain", "Water Movements", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "Filtration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.6130"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environment%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.6130", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.6130"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-11", "description": "ABSTRACT

In the Red River Valley of the upper midwestern United States, soil temperatures often remain below freezing during winter and N2O emissions from frozen cropland soils is assumed to be negligible. This study was conducted to determine the strength of N2O emissions and denitrification when soil temperatures were below zero for a manure\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended, certified organic field (T2O) compared with an unamended, conventionally managed field (T2C). Before manure application, both fields were similar with respect to autotrophic and heterotrophic N2O production and N2O flux at the soil surface (0.15 \uffc2\uffb1 0.05 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.12 \uffc2\uffb1 0.06 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C). After application of pelletized, dehydrated manure, average daily flux (based on time\uffe2\uff80\uff90integrated fluxes from 20 November to 8 April), was 1.19 \uffc2\uffb1 0.34 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.47 \uffc2\uffb1 0.37 mg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C. Denitrification for intact cores measured in the laboratory at \uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffb0C was greater for organically managed soils, although only marginally significant (p < 0.1). Cumulative emissions for all winter measurements (from 16 November to 8 April) averaged 1.63 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2O and 0.64 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for T2C. Biological N2O production was evident at sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90zero soil temperatures, with winter emissions exceeding those measured in late summer. Late autumn manure application enhanced cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff93N emissions by 0.9 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921

", "keywords": ["Cold Temperature", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rebecca L. Phillips", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0205"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0205", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0205"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACT

Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe is based on both organic and mineral nutrient sources. A study was conducted to determine the effect of composted cattle manure, mineral N fertilizer, and their combinations on NO3 concentrations in leachate leaving the root zone and to establish N fertilization rates that minimize leaching. Maize was grown for three seasons (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999) in field lysimeters repacked with a coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained sandy soil (Typic Kandiustalf). Leachate volumes ranged from 480 to 509 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1395 mm rainfall) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 296 to 335 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (840 mm rainfall) in 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 606 to 635 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1387 mm rainfall) in 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999. Mineral N fertilizer, especially the high rate (120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and manure plus mineral N fertilizer combinations resulted in high NO3 leachate concentrations (up to 34 mg N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and NO3 losses (up to 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, which represent both environmental and economic concerns. Although the leaching losses were relatively small in the other seasons, they are still of great significance in African smallholder farming where fertilizer is unaffordable for most farmers. Nitrate leaching from sole manure treatments was relatively low (average of less than 20 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), whereas the crop uptake efficiency of mineral N fertilizer was enhanced by up to 26% when manure and mineral N fertilizer were applied in combination. The low manure (12.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plus 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 fertilizer treatment was best in terms of maintaining dry matter yield and minimizing N leaching losses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrates", "Rain", "rainfall", "cattle manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "losses", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "corn", "nitrogen-fertilizer", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "lysimeters", "Fertilizers", "zimbabwe", "time", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, And Zinc Availability In A Biosolids-Amended Piedmont Soil Years After Application", "description": "ABSTRACT

Concerns over the possible increase in phytoavailability of biosolids\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied trace metals to plants have been raised based on the assumption that decomposition of applied organic matter would increase phytoavailability. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of time on chemical extractability and concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in plants on plots established by a single application of biosolids with high trace metals content in 1984. Biosolids were applied to 1.5 by 2.3 m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 760, 43, and 620 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. varlongifolia), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were planted at the site for 3 consecutive years, 17 to 19 yr after biosolids application. Extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn (as measured by DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901) were determined on 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth samples from each plot. The DTPA\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable Cu and Zn decreased by 58 and 42%, respectively, 17 yr after application despite a significant reduction in organic matter content. Biosolids treatments had no significant effect on crop yield. Plant tissue metal concentrations increased with biosolids rate but were within the normal range of these crops. Trace metal concentrations in plants generally correlated well with the concentrations extracted from soil with DTPA, CaCl2, and Mehlich\uffe2\uff80\uff901. Metal concentrations in plant tissue exhibited a plateau response in most cases. The uptake coefficient values generated for the different crops were in agreement with the values set by the Part 503 Rule.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Virginia", "Biological Availability", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pentetic Acid", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Raphanus", "Refuse Disposal", "Trace Elements", "Calcium Chloride", "Soil", "Zinc", "Nickel", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper", "Cadmium", "Lactuca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L. W. Zelazny, Beshr Sukkariyah, Gregory K. Evanylo, Rufus L. Chaney,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.0369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.0369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACT

Despite the use of best management practices for nitrogen (N) application rate and timing, significant losses of nitrate nitrogen NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in drainage discharge continue to occur from row crop cropping systems. Our objective was to determine whether a autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop following corn (Zea mays L.) would reduce NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N losses through subsurface tile drainage in a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system in the northern Corn Belt (USA) in a moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. Both phases of the corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation, with and without the winter rye cover crop following corn, were established in 1998 in a Normania clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, MN. Cover cropping did not affect subsequent soybean yield, but reduced drainage discharge, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted mean nitrate concentration (FWMNC), and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss relative to winter fallow, although the magnitude of the effect varied considerably with annual precipitation. Three\uffe2\uff80\uff90year average drainage discharge was lower with a winter rye cover crop than without (p = 0.06). Over three years, subsurface tile\uffe2\uff80\uff90drainage discharge was reduced 11% and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss was reduced 13% for a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean cropping system with a rye cover crop following corn than with no rye cover crop. We estimate that establishment of a winter rye cover crop after corn will be successful in one of four years in southwestern Minnesota. Cover cropping with rye has the potential to be an effective management tool for reducing NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss from subsurface drainage discharge despite challenges to establishment and spring growth in the north\uffe2\uff80\uff90central USA.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Secale", "Water Pollution", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "United States", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Water Movements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Pig Slurry Application And Irrigation Effects On Nitrate Leaching In Mediterranean Soil Lysimeters", "description": "ABSTRACT

Land application of animal manures, such as pig slurry (PS), is a common practice in intensive\uffe2\uff80\uff90farming agriculture. However, this practice has a pitfall consisting of the loss of nutrients, in particular nitrate, toward water courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrate leaching for three application rates of pig slurry (50, 100, and 200 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and a control treatment of mineral fertilizer (275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) applied to corn grown in 10 drainage lysimeters. The effects of two irrigation regimes (low vs. high irrigation efficiency) were also analyzed. In the first two irrigation events, drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations as high as 145 and 69 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 were measured in the high and moderate PS rate treatments, respectively, in the low irrigation efficiency treatments. This indicates the fast transformation of the PS ammonium into nitrate and the subsequent leaching of the transformed nitrate. Drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration and load increased linearly by 0.69 mg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 4.6 kg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, for each 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 applied over the minimum of 275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 An increase in irrigation efficiency did not induce a significant increase of leachate concentration and the amount of nitrate leached decreased about 65%. Application of low PS doses before sowing complemented with sidedressing N application and a good irrigation management are the key factors to reduce nitrate contamination of water courses.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Mediterranean Region", "Swine", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Solubility", "Water Supply", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Daud\u00e9n, D. Qu\u00edlez, M. V. Vera,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-17", "title": "Methane Oxidation In An Intensively Cropped Tropical Rice Field Soil Under Long-Term Application Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizers", "description": "Abstract

Methane (CH4) oxidation is the only known biological sink process for mitigating atmospheric and terrestrial emissions of CH4, a major greenhouse gas. Methane oxidation in an alluvial soil planted to rice (Oryza sativaL.) under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of organic (compost with a C/N ratio of 21.71), and mineral fertilizers was measured in a field\uffe2\uff80\uff90cum\uffe2\uff80\uff90laboratory incubation study. Oxidation rates were quantified in terms of decrease in the concentration of CH4in the headspace of incubation vessels and expressed as half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life (t\uffc2\uffbd) values. Methane oxidation rates significantly differed among the treatments and growth stages of the rice crop. Methane oxidation rates were high at the maximum tillering and maturity stages, whereas they were low at grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90filling stage. Methane oxidation was low (t\uffc2\uffbd= 15.76 d) when provided with low concentration of CH4On the contrary, high concentration of CH4resulted in faster oxidation (t\uffc2\uffbd= 6.67 d), suggesting the predominance of \uffe2\uff80\uff9clow affinity oxidation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d in rice fields. Methane oxidation was stimulated following the application of mineral fertilizers or compost implicating nutrient limitation as one of the factors affecting the process. Combined application of compost and mineral fertilizer, however, inhibited CH4oxidation probably due to N immobilization by the added compost. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on CH4oxidation rate was evident only at high CH4concentration (t\uffc2\uffbd= 4.80 d), while at low CH4concentration their was considerable suppression (t\uffc2\uffbd= 17.60 d). Further research may reveal that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of fertilizers, organic or inorganic, may not inhibit CH4oxidation.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Tropical Climate", "Time Factors", "Chemical Phenomena", "Chemistry", " Physical", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Food", " Organic", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Methane", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.1803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACT

Subsurface drainage is a beneficial water management practice in poorly drained soils but may also contribute substantial nitrate N loads to surface waters. This paper summarizes results from a 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr drainage study in Indiana that includes three drain spacings (5, 10, and 20 m) managed for 10 yr with chisel tillage in monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) and currently managed under a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. In general, drainflow and nitrate N losses per unit area were greater for narrower drain spacings. Drainflow removed between 8 and 26% of annual rainfall, depending on year and drain spacing. Nitrate N concentrations in drainflow did not vary with spacing, but concentrations have significantly decreased from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted mean concentrations decreased from 28 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the 1986\uffe2\uff80\uff931988 period to 8 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931999 period. The reduction in concentration was due to both a reduction in fertilizer N rates over the study period and to the addition of a winter cover crop as a \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctrap crop\uffe2\uff80\uff9d after corn in the corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation. Annual nitrate N loads decreased from 38 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the 1986\uffe2\uff80\uff931988 period to 15 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931999 period. Most of the nitrate N losses occurred during the fallow season, when most of the drainage occurred. Results of this study underscore the necessity of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term research on different soil types and in different climatic zones, to develop appropriate management strategies for both economic crop production and protection of environmental quality.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Engineering", "Solubility", "Water Supply", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jane R. Frankenberger, Norman R. Fausey, D. B. Jaynes, Eileen J. Kladivko, David W. Meek, B. J. Jenkinson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1803"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.1803", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.1803", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.1803"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-10", "title": "Nitrogen Oxide And Methane Emissions Under Varying Tillage And Fertilizer Management", "description": "ABSTRACT

Comprehensive assessment of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of reduced tillage agricultural systems must consider emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), each of which have higher global warming potentials than carbon dioxide (CO2). Tillage intensity may also impact nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which can have various environmental and agronomic impacts. In 2003 and 2004, we used chambers to measure N2O, CH4, and NO fluxes from plots that had been managed under differing tillage intensity since 1991. The effect of tillage on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions varied, in both magnitude and direction, depending on fertilizer practices. Emissions of N2O following broadcast urea (BU) application were higher under no till (NT) and conservation tillage (CsT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). In contrast, following anhydrous ammonia (AA) injection, N2O emissions were higher under CT and CsT compared to NT. Emissions following surface urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application did not vary with tillage. Total growing season non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions were equivalent to CO2 emissions of 0.15 to 1.9 Mg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or 0.04 to 0.53 Mg soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Emissions of N2O from AA\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots were two to four times greater than UAN\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and BU\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. Total NO + N2O losses in the UAN treatment were approximately 50% lower than AA and BU. This study demonstrates that N2O emissions can represent a substantial component of the total GHG budget of reduced tillage systems, and that interactions between fertilizer and tillage practices can be important in controlling non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Analysis of Variance", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Time Factors", "Minnesota", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "In Situ Measurements Of Nitrate Leaching Implicate Poor Nitrogen And Irrigation Management On Sandy Soils", "description": "ABSTRACT

Minimizing the risk of nitrate contamination along the waterways of the U.S. Great Plains is essential to continued irrigated corn production and quality water supplies. The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrate (NO3) leaching for irrigated sandy soils (Pratt loamy fine sand [sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs]) and to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer and irrigation management strategies on NO3 leaching in irrigated corn. Two irrigation schedules (1.0\uffc3\uff97 and 1.25\uffc3\uff97 optimum) were combined with six N fertilizer treatments broadcast as NH4NO3 (kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921): 300 and 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant; 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 185 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 125 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; and 0. Porous\uffe2\uff80\uff90cup tensiometers and solution samplers were installed in each of the four highest N treatments. Soil solution samples were collected during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Maximum corn grain yield was achieved with 125 or 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, regardless of the irrigation schedule (IS). The 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS exacerbated the amount of NO3 leached below the 152\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in the preplant N treatments, with a mean of 146 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 250 and 300 kg N preplant applications compared with 12 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the same N treatments and 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. With 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, the 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS treatment resulted in 74 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 leached compared with 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. Appropriate irrigation scheduling and N fertilizer rates are essential to improving N management practices on these sandy soils.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Kansas", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gary A. Clark, John P. Schmidt, Loyd R. Stone, Alan J. Schlegel, Ronald J. Gehl,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term use of conventional tillage and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow systems in the northern Great Plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L), spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F), and spring wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93pea (Pisum sativum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (W\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffe2\uff80\uff93F)], and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on plant C input, SOC, and particulate organic carbon (POC). A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, Aridic Argiborolls) from 1998 to 2003 in Havre, MT. Total plant biomass returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 was greater in CW (15.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in other rotations. Residue cover, amount, and C content in 2004 were 33 to 86% greater in NT than in CT and greater in CRP than in crop rotations. Residue amount (2.47 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and C content (0.96 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were greater in NT with CW than in other treatments, except in CT with CRP and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F and in NT with CRP and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F. The SOC at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was 23% greater in NT (6.4 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in CT. The POC was not influenced by tillage and crop rotation, but POC to SOC ratio at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was greater in NT with W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L (369 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 SOC) than in CT with CW, W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F, and W\uffe2\uff80\uff93L. From 1998 to 2003, SOC at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth decreased by 4% in CT but increased by 3% in NT. Carbon can be sequestered in dryland soils and plant residue in areas previously under CRP using reduced tillage and increased cropping intensity, such as NT with CW, compared with traditional practice, such as CT with W\uffe2\uff80\uff93F system, and the content can be similar to that in CRP planting.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Organic Chemicals", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thecan Caesar-Thonthat, Andrew W. Lenssen, Upendra M. Sainju, Jed Waddell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0131"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0131", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0131"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-26", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Northern Great Plains Soil As Influenced By Nitrogen Management And Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract

Field measurements of N2O emissions from soils are limited for cropping systems in the semiarid northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives were to develop N2O emission\uffe2\uff80\uff90time profiles for cropping systems in the semiarid NGP, define important periods of loss, determine the impact of best management practices on N2O losses, and estimate direct N fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced emissions (FIE). No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow, wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat, and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90pea (Pisum sativum), and conventional till (CT) wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow, all with three N regimes (200 and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 available N, unfertilized control); plus a perennial grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) system were sampled over 2 yr using vented chambers. Cumulative 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N2O emissions were modest in contrast to reports from more humid regions. Greatest N2O flux activity occurred following urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization (10\uffe2\uff80\uff90wk) and during freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycles. Together these periods comprised up to 84% of the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr total. Nitrification was probably the dominant process responsible for N2O emissions during the post\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization period, while denitrification was more important during freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycles. Cumulative 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N losses from fertilized regimes were greater for wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat (1.31 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (CT and NT) (0.48 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90pea (0.71 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) due to an additional N fertilization event. Cumulative losses from unfertilized cropping systems were not different from perennial grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa (0.28 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Tillage did not affect N2O losses for the wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow systems. Mean FIE level was equivalent to 0.26% of applied N, and considerably below the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mean default value (1.25%).

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Montana", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P. R. Miller, R. L. Lemke, R. E. Engel, M. P. Dusenbury, R. Wallander,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-04", "title": "Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization Rates After Application Of Organic Amendments To Soil", "description": "ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to quantify C and N mineralization rates from a range of organic amendments that differed in their total C and N contents and C quality, to gain a better understanding of their influence on the soil N cycle. A pelletized poultry manure (PP), two green waste\uffe2\uff80\uff93based composts (GWCa, GWCb), a straw\uffe2\uff80\uff90based compost (SBC), and a vermi\uffe2\uff80\uff90cast (VER) were incubated in a coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soil at 15\uffc2\uffb0C for 142 d. The C quality of each amendment was determined by chemical analysis and by13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Carbon dioxide (CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C) evolution was determined using alkali traps. Gross N mineralization rates were calculated by15N isotopic pool dilution. The CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C evolution rates and gross N mineralization rates were generally higher in amended soils than in the control soil. With the exception of GWCb all amendments released inorganic N at concentrations that would be high enough to warrant a reduction in inorganic N fertilizer application rates. The amount of N released from PP was high indicating that application rates should be reduced, or alternative amendments used, to minimize leaching losses in regions where ground water quality is of concern. There was a highly significant relationship between CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C evolution and gross N mineralization (R2= 0.95). Some of the chemically determined C quality parameters had significant relationships (p< 0.05) with both the cumulative amounts of C and N evolved. However, we found no significant relationships between13C NMR spectral groupings, or their ratios, and either the CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C evolved or gross N mineralized from the amendments.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Organic Chemicals", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0022", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-06", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Conventional, Agri-Environmental Scheme, And Organic Irish Suckler-Beef Units", "description": "ABSTRACT

The problems of overproduction within the European Union countries and the environmental impact of agriculture have lead to the introduction of schemes that aim to reduce both. Beef (Bos taurus) production forms a large component of the Irish agricultural industry and accounts for more than one quarter of agricultural economic output. Recently, the European CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) has been re\uffe2\uff80\uff90evaluated to include supplementary measures that encompass the environmental role of agriculture rather than just the production role. A life cycle assessment (LCA) method was adopted to estimate emissions per kilogram of CO2 equivalent per kilogram of live weight (LW) leaving the farm gate per annum (kg CO2 kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 LW yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and per hectare (kg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Fifteen units engaged in suckler\uffe2\uff80\uff90beef production (five conventional, five in an Irish agri\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental scheme, and five organic units) were evaluated for emissions per unit product and area. The average emissions from the conventional units were 13.0 kg CO2 kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 LW yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, from the agri\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental scheme units 12.2 kg CO2 kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 LW yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and from the organic units 11.1 kg CO2 kg LW yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The average emissions per unit area from the conventional units was 5346 kg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, from the agri\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental scheme units 4372 kg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and from the organic units 2302 kg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Results indicated that moving toward extensive production could reduce emissions per unit product and area but live weight production per hectare would be reduced.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Animal Feed", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Gases", "Ireland", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "J. W. Casey, Nicholas M. Holden,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0121", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0144", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-03", "description": "ABSTRACT

A wildfire burned through a previously sampled research site, allowing pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90burn measurements of the forest floor, soils, and soil leaching near Lake Tahoe, Nevada. Fire and post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire erosion caused large and statistically significant (P \uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.05) losses of C, N, P, S, Ca, and Mg from the forest floor. There were no statistically significant effects on mineral soils aside from a decrease in total N in the surface (A11) horizon, an increase in pH in the A11 horizon, and increases in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 in the A11 and A12 horizons. Burning caused consistent but nonsignificant increases in exchangeable Ca2+ in most horizons, but no consistent or statistically significant effects on exchangeable K+ or Mg2+, or on Bray\uffe2\uff80\uff90, bicarbonate\uffe2\uff80\uff90, or water\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable P concentrations. Before the burn, there were no significant differences in leaching, but during the first winter after the fire, soil solution concentrations of NH4+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92, ortho\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, and (especially) SO42\uffe2\uff88\uff92 were elevated in the burned area, and resin lysimeters showed significant increases in the leaching of NH4+ and mineral N. The leaching losses of mineral N were much smaller than the losses from the forest floor and A11 horizons, however. We conclude that the major short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of wildfire were on leaching whereas the major long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effect was the loss of N from the forest floor and soil during the fire.

", "keywords": ["Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Fires", "Trees", "Soil", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Calcium", "Sulfur", "Environmental Monitoring", "Nevada"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Roger F. Walker, Dale W. Johnson, Watkins W. Miller, E. F. Carroll, J. D. Murphy, Robert R. Blank,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0144"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0144", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0144", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0144"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till cropping can increase soil C stocks and aggregation but patterns of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes in N2O emissions, soil N availability, and crop yields still need to be resolved. We measured soil C accumulation, aggregation, soil water, N2O emissions, soil inorganic N, and crop yields in till and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotations between 1989 and 2002 in southwestern Michigan and investigated whether tillage effects varied over time or by crop. Mean annual NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92concentrations in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till were significantly less than in conventional till in three of six corn years and during one year of wheat production. Yields were similar in each system for all 14 years but three, during which yields were higher in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, indicating that lower soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92concentrations did not result in lower yields. Carbon accumulated in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till soils at a rate of 26 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921over 12 years at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth. Average nitrous oxide emissions were similar in till (3.27 \uffc2\uffb1 0.52 g N ha d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (3.63 \uffc2\uffb1 0.53 g N ha d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) systems and were sufficient to offset 56 to 61% of the reduction in CO2equivalents associated with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till C sequestration. After controlling for rotation and environmental effects by normalizing treatment differences between till and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till systems we found no significant trends in soil N, N2O emissions, or yields through time. In our sandy loam soils, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till cropping enhances C storage, aggregation, and associated environmental processes with no significant ecological or yield tradeoffs.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Michigan", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0166"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0166", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0166"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Accumulation In Plots Of Rhizoma Perennial Peanut And Bahiagrass Grown In Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature", "description": "ABSTRACT

Carbon sequestration in soils might mitigate the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Two contrasting subtropical perennial forage species, bahiagrass (BG; Paspalum notatum Fl\uffc3\uffbcgge; C4), and rhizoma perennial peanut (PP; Arachis glabrata Benth.; C3 legume), were grown at Gainesville, Florida, in field soil plots in four temperature zones of four temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90gradient greenhouses, two each at CO2 concentrations of 360 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The site had been cultivated with annual crops for more than 20 yr. Herbage was harvested three to four times each year. Soil samples from the top 20 cm were collected in February 1995, before plant establishment, and in December 2000 at the end of the project. Overall mean soil organic carbon (SOC) gains across 6 yr were 1.396 and 0.746 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in BG and PP, respectively, indicating that BG plots accumulated more SOC than PP. Mean SOC gains in BG plots at 700 and 360 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2 were 1.450 and 1.343 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively (not statistically different). Mean SOC gains in PP plots at 700 and 360 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921 CO2 were 0.949 and 0.544 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, an increase caused by elevated CO2 Relative SON accumulations were similar to SOC increases. Overall mean annual SOC accumulation, pooled for forages and CO2 treatments, was 540 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Eliminating elevated CO2 effects, overall mean SOC accumulation was 475 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Conversion from cropland to forages was a greater factor in SOC accumulation than the CO2 fertilization effect.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Arachis", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Paspalum", "Organic Chemicals"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0156"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0156", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0156"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

Soil N2O emissions from three corn (Zea mays L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in central Iowa were measured from the spring of 2003 through February 2005. The three managements systems evaluated were full\uffe2\uff80\uff90width tillage (fall chisel plow, spring disk), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till with a rye (Secale cereale L. \uffe2\uff80\uff98Rymin\uffe2\uff80\uff99) winter cover crop. Four replicate plots of each treatment were established within each crop of the rotation and both crops were present in each of the two growing seasons. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured weekly during the periods of April through October, biweekly during March and November, and monthly in December, January, and February. Two polyvinyl chloride rings (30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm diameter) were installed in each plot (in and between plant rows) and were used to support soil chambers during the gas flux measurements. Flux measurements were performed by placing vented chambers on the rings and collecting gas samples 0, 15, 30, and 45 min following chamber deployment. Nitrous oxide fluxes were computed from the change in N2O concentration with time, after accounting for diffusional constraints. We observed no significant tillage or cover crop effects on N2O flux in either year. In 2003 mean N2O fluxes were 2.7, 2.2, and 2.3 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from the soybean plots under chisel plow, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till + cover crop, respectively. Emissions from the chisel plow, no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till, and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till + cover crop plots planted to corn averaged 10.2, 7.9, and 7.6 kg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively. In 2004 fluxes from both crops were higher than in 2003, but fluxes did not differ among the management systems. Fluxes from the corn plots were significantly higher than from the soybean plots in both years. Comparison of our results with estimates calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default emission factor of 0.0125 indicate that the estimated fluxes underestimate measured emissions by a factor of 3 at our sites.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "Midwestern United States", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Polyvinyl Chloride", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy B. Parkin, Thomas C. Kaspar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0183"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0183", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0183"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0201", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "title": "Long-Term Cropping System Effects On Carbon Sequestration In Eastern Oregon", "description": "ABSTRACT

Soil organic carbon (SOC) has beneficial effects on soil quality and productivity. Cropping systems that maintain and/or improve levels of SOC may lead to sustainable crop production. This study evaluated the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term cropping systems on C sequestration. Soil samples were taken at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm soil depth profiles from grass pasture (GP), conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow (CTWF), and fertilized and unfertilized plots of continuous winter wheat (WW), spring wheat (SW), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) (SB) monocultures under CT and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT). The samples were analyzed for soil organic matter (SOM) and SOC was derived. Ages of experiments ranged from 6 to 73 yr. Compared to 1931 SOC levels (initial year), CTWF reduced SOC by 9 to 12 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone. Grass pasture increased SOC by 6 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone but decreased SOC by 3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone. Continuous CT monocultures depleted SOC in the top 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone and the bottom 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone but maintained SOC levels close to 1931 SOC levels in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm layer. Continuous NT monocultures accumulated more SOC in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone than in deeper zones. Total SOC (0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone) was highest under GP and continuous cropping and lowest under CTWF. Fertilizer increased total SOC only under CTWW and CTSB by 13 and 7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921in 13 yr, respectively. Practicing NT for only 6 yr had started to reverse the effect of 73 yr of CTWF. Compared to CTWF, NTWW and NTSW sequestered C at rates of 2.6 and 1.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 40\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm zone. This study showed that the potential to sequester C can be enhanced by increasing cropping frequency and eliminating tillage.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Geography", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Oregon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Karl Rhinhart, Steve Petrie, Stephen Machado,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0201"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0201", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0201", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0201"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

The impact of management on global warming potential (GWP), crop production, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in irrigated agriculture is not well documented. A no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) cropping systems study initiated in 1999 to evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in irrigated agriculture was used in this study to make trace gas flux measurements for 3 yr to facilitate a complete greenhouse gas accounting of GWP and GHGI. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O were measured using static, vented chambers, one to three times per week, year round, from April 2002 through October 2004 within conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till continuous corn (CT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC) and NT continuous corn (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CC) plots and in NT corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation (NT\uffe2\uff80\uff90CB) plots. Nitrogen fertilizer rates ranged from 0 to 224 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Methane fluxes were small and did not differ between tillage systems. Nitrous oxide fluxes increased linearly with increasing N fertilizer rate each year, but emission rates varied with years. Carbon dioxide efflux was higher in CT compared to NT in 2002 but was not different by tillage in 2003 or 2004. Based on soil respiration and residue C inputs, NT soils were net sinks of GWP when adequate fertilizer was added to maintain crop production. The CT soils were smaller net sinks for GWP than NT soils. The determinant for the net GWP relationship was a balance between soil respiration and N2O emissions. Based on soil C sequestration, only NT soils were net sinks for GWP. Both estimates of GWP and GHGI indicate that when appropriate crop production levels are achieved, net CO2 emissions are reduced. The results suggest that economic viability and environmental conservation can be achieved by minimizing tillage and utilizing appropriate levels of fertilizer.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Colorado", "Time Factors", "550", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "630", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Organic Chemicals", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mosier, Arvin R., Halvorson, Ardell D., Reule, Curtis A., Liu, Xuejun J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0232"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0232", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0232"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) has the potential to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO2 and mitigate greenhouse warming. Understanding of this potential can be assisted by the use of simulation models. We evaluated the ability of the EPIC model to simulate corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) at Arlington, WI, during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931991. Corn was grown continuously on a Typic Argiudoll with three N levels: LTN1 (control), LTN2 (medium), and LTN3 (high). The LTN2 N rate started at 56 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1958), increased to 92 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1963), and reached 140 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1973). The LTN3 N rate was maintained at twice the LTN2 level. In 1984, each plot was divided into four subplots receiving N at 0, 84, 168, and 252 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Five treatments were used for model evaluation. Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931983 decreased as N rate increased (LTN1 = \uffe2\uff88\uff925.0%, LTN2 = 3.5%, and LTN3 = 1.0%). Percent errors of mean yield predictions during 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931991 were larger than during the first period. Simulated and observed mean yields during 1958\uffe2\uff80\uff931991 were highly correlated (R2 = 0.961, p < 0.01). Simulated SOC agreed well with observed values with percent errors from \uffe2\uff88\uff925.8 to 0.5% in 1984 and from \uffe2\uff88\uff925.1 to 0.7% in 1990. EPIC captured the dynamics of SOC, SCS, and microbial biomass. Simulated net N mineralization rates were lower than those from laboratory incubations. Improvements in EPIC's ability to predict annual variability of crop yields may lead to improved estimates of SCS.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "Forecasting"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

Soil carbon (C) sequestration in tilled and nontilled areas can be influenced by crop management practices due to differences in plant C inputs and their rate of mineralization. We examined the influence of four cover crops {legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)], nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)], biculture of legume and nonlegume (vetch and rye), and no cover crops (or winter weeds)} and three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (0, 60 to 65, and 120 to 130 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on C inputs from cover crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)], and soil organic carbon (SOC) at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 120\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in tilled and nontilled areas. A field experiment was conducted on Dothan sandy loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults) from 1999 to 2002 in central Georgia. Total C inputs to the soil from cover crops, cotton, and sorghum from 2000 to 2002 ranged from 6.8 to 22.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The SOC at 0 to 10 cm fluctuated with C input from October 1999 to November 2002 and was greater from cover crops than from weeds in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots. In contrast, SOC values at 10 to 30 cm in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled and at 0 to 60 cm in chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots were greater for biculture than for weeds. As a result, C at 0 to 30 cm was sequestered at rates of 267, 33, \uffe2\uff88\uff92133, and \uffe2\uff88\uff92967 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for biculture, rye, vetch, and weeds, respectively, in the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plot. In strip\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled and chisel\uffe2\uff80\uff90tilled plots, SOC at 0 to 30 cm decreased at rates of 233 to 1233 kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 The SOC at 0 to 30 cm increased more in cover crops with 120 to 130 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 than in weeds with 0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, regardless of tillage. In the subtropical humid region of the southeastern United States, cover crops and N fertilization can increase the amount of C input and storage in tilled and nontilled soils, and hairy vetch and rye biculture was more effective in sequestering C than monocultures or no cover crop.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Georgia", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic Chemicals", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shirley Wang, Upendra M. Sainju, Bharat P. Singh, Wayne F. Whitehead,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0189"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

This work builds on a previous study of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage trials that found use of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) practices increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration at Monmouth, IL (silt loam soil) by increasing the soil's protective capacity, but did not alter SOC storage in DeKalb, IL (silty clay loam), where higher clay contents provided a protective capacity not affected by tillage. The least limiting water range (LLWR), a multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor index of structural quality, predicted observed soil CO2 efflux patterns. Here we consider whether LLWR can predict sequestration trends at a third site, Perry, IL (silt loam soil) where SOC content is lower and bulk density is higher than in previously considered sites, and determine whether pore size characteristics can help explain the influence use of NT practices has had on SOC sequestration at all three locations. At Perry, LLWR was again related with differences in specific soil organic carbon mineralization rates (RESPsp) (2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932001). Reduced RESPsp rates explain increases in SOC storage under NT management observed only after 17 yr. Trends in RESPsp suggest use of NT practices only enhance physical protection of SOC where soil bulk density is relatively high (approximately 1.4 g cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923). In those soils (Monmouth and Perry), use of NT management reduced the volume of small macropores (15\uffe2\uff80\uff93150 \uffce\uffbcm) thought to be important for microbial activity. Physical properties appear to determine whether or not use of NT practices will enhance C storage by increasing physical protection of SOC. By refining the functions used to compute the LLWR and our understanding of the interactions between management, pore structure, and SOC mineralization, we should be able to predict the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Illinois", "Organic Chemicals", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michelle M. Wander, Gayoung Yoo, Todd M. Nissen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0225"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0225", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0225"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-07", "description": "ABSTRACT

The area under no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) in Brazil reached 22 million ha in 2004\uffe2\uff80\uff932005, of which approximately 45% was located in the southern states. From the 1970s to the mid\uffe2\uff80\uff901980s, this region was a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere due to decrease of soil carbon (C) stocks and high consumption of fuel by intensive tillage. Since then, NT has partially restored the soil C lost and reduced the consumption of fossil fuels. To assess the potential of C accumulation in NT soils, four long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments (7\uffe2\uff80\uff9319 yr) in subtropical soils (Paleudult, Paleudalf, and Hapludox) varying in soil texture (87\uffe2\uff80\uff93760 g kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921of clay) in agroecologic southern Brazil zones (central region, northwest basaltic plateau in Rio Grande Sul, and west basaltic plateau in Santa Catarina) and with different cropping systems (soybean and maize) were investigated. The lability of soil organic matter (SOM) was calculated as the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to particulate organic carbon (POC), and the role of physical protection on stability of SOM was evaluated. In general, TOC and POC stocks in native grass correlated closely with clay content. Conversely, there was no clear effect of soil texture on C accumulation rates in NT soils, which ranged from 0.12 to 0.59 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921The C accumulation was higher in NT than in conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (CT) soils. The legume cover crops pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp] and velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereumPiper & Tracy) in NT maize cropping systems had the highest C accumulation rates (0.38\uffe2\uff80\uff930.59 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The intensive cropping systems also were effective in increasing the C accumulation rates in NT soils (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff930.34 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) when compared to the double\uffe2\uff80\uff90crop system used by farmers. These results stress the role of N fixation in improving the tropical and subtropical cropping systems. The physical protection of SOM within soil aggregates was an important mechanism of C accumulation in the sandy clay loam Paleudult under NT. The cropping system and NT effects on C stocks were attributed to an increase in the lability of SOM, as evidenced by the higher POC to TOC ratio, which is very important to C and energy flux through the soil.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Fossil Fuels", "Time Factors", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Organic Chemicals", "Brazil", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Evandro Spagnollo, Paulo Cesar Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, Ben-Hur Costa de Campos, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado, Cim\u00e9lio Bayer, Milton da Veiga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0233"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0233", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0233"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=10250&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=10250&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=10200", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=10300", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17025, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T05:32:11.136681Z"}