{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-27", "title": "Biomass Production And Carbon Stocks In Poplar-Crop Intercropping Systems: A Case Study In Northwestern Jiangsu, China", "description": "The importance of agroforestry systems in CO2 mitigation has become recognized worldwide in recent years. However, little is known about carbon (C) sequestered in poplar intercropping systems. The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of three poplar intercropping designs (configuration A: 250 trees ha\u22121; configuration B: 167 trees ha\u22121 and configuration C: 94 trees ha\u22121) and two intercropping systems (wheat\u2013corn cropping system and wheat\u2013soybean cropping system) on biomass production and C stocks in poplar intercropping systems. The experiment was conducted at Suqian Ecological Demonstration Garden of fast-growing poplar plantations in northwestern Jiangsu. A significant difference in C concentration was observed among the poplar biomass components investigated (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), with the highest value in stemwood and the lowest in fine roots, ranging from 459.9 to 526.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121. There was also a significant difference in C concentration among the different crop components (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), and the highest concentration was observed in the corn ear. Over the 5-year period, the total poplar biomass increased with increasing tree density, ranging from 8.77 to 15.12\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, while annual biomass production among the crops ranged from 4.69 to 16.58\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in the three configurations. Overall, total C stock in the poplar intercropping system was affected by configurations and cropping systems, and configuration A obtained the largest total C stock, reaching 16.7\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for the wheat\u2013soybean cropping system and 18.9\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 for the wheat\u2013corn cropping system. Results from this case study suggest that configuration A was a relative optimum poplar intercropping system both for economic benefits and for C sequestration.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shengzuo Fang, Qixiang Sun, Hailing Li, Lebei Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9307-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-05", "title": "Life Cycle Assessment Of Different Bioenergy Production Systems Including Perennial And Annual Crops", "description": "Abstract   Energy crops are expected to greatly develop in a very short-term bringing to significant social and environmental benefits. Nevertheless, a significant number of studies report from very positive to negative environmental implications from growing and processing energy crops, thus great uncertainty still remains on this argument. The present study focused on the cradle-to-grave impact assessments of alternative scenarios including annual and perennial energy crops for electricity/heat or first and second generation transport fuels, giving special emphasis to agricultural practices which are frequently surprisingly neglected in Life Cycle Assessment studies despite a not secondary relevance on final outcomes. The results show that cradle-to-farm gate impacts, i.e. including the upstream processes, may account for up to 95% of total impacts, with dominant effects on marine water ecotoxicity. Therefore, by increasing the sustainability of crop management through minimizing agronomic inputs, or with a complementary use of crop resides, can be expected to significantly improve the overall sustainability of bioenergy chains, as well as the competitiveness against fossil counterparts. Once again, perennial crops resulted in substantially higher environmental benefits than annual crops. It is shown that significant amount of emitted CO2 can be avoided through converting arable lands into perennial grasslands. Besides, due to lack of certain data, soil carbon storage was not included in the calculations, while N2O emission was considered as omitted variable bias (1% of N-fertilization). Therefore, especially for perennial grasses, CO2 savings were reasonably higher that those estimated in the present study. For first generation biodiesel, sunflower showed a lower energy-based impacts than rapeseed, while wheat should be preferred over maize for first generation bioethanol given its lower land-based impacts. For second generation biofuels and thermo-chemical energy, switchgrass provided the highest environmental benefits. With regard to bioenergy systems, first generation biodiesel was less impacting than first generation bioethanol; bioelectricity was less impacting than first generation biofuels and second generation bioethanol by thermo-chemical hydrolysis, but highly impacting than Biomass-to-Liquid biodiesel and second generation bioethanol through enzymatic hydrolysis.", "keywords": ["LCA; Bioenergy; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-009-9228-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-10", "title": "Soil Carbon Stock In Relation To Plant Diversity Of Homegardens In Kerala, India", "description": "Conservation of biodiversity and mitigation of global warming are two major environmental challenges today. In this context, the relationship between biodiversity (especially plant diversity) and soil carbon (C) sequestration (as a means of mitigating global warming) has become a subject of considerable scientific interest. This relationship was tested for homegardens (HG), a popular and sustainable agroforestry system in the tropics, in Thrissur district, Kerala, India. The major objectives were to examine how tree density and plant-stand characteristics of homegardens affect soil C sequestration. Soil samples were collected at four depths (0\u201320, 20\u201350, 50\u201380, 80\u2013100\u00a0cm) from HG of varying sizes and age classes, and their total C content determined. Tree density and plant-stand characteristics such as species richness (Margalef Index) and diversity (Shannon Index) of the HG were also determined. Results indicated that the soil C stock was directly related to plant diversity of HG. Homegardens with higher, compared to those with lower, number of plant species, as well as higher species richness and tree density had higher soil carbon, especially in the top 50\u00a0cm of soil. Overall, within 1\u00a0m profile, soil C content ranged from 101.5 to 127.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121. Smaller-sized HG ( 0.4\u00a0ha) (108.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121). Soil C content, especially below 50\u00a0cm, was higher in older gardens. The enhanced soil-C storage in species-rich homegardens could have relevance and applications in broader ecological contexts.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9228-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-009-9228-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-009-9228-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-009-9228-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-04-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-23", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Through Agroforestry In Indigenous Communities Of Chiapas, Mexico", "description": "The importance of agroforestry systems as carbon sinks has recently been recognized due to the need of climate change mitigation. The objective of this study was to compare the carbon content in living biomass, soil (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm in depth), dead organic matter between a set of non-agroforestry and agroforestry prototypes in Chiapas, Mexico where the carbon sequestration programme called Scolel'te has been carried out. The prototypes compared were: traditional maize (rotational prototype with pioneer native trees evaluated in the crop period), Taungya (maize with timber trees), improved fallow, traditional fallow (the last three rotational prototypes in the crop-free period), Inga-shade-organic coffee, polyculture-shade organic coffee, polyculture-non-organic coffee, pasture without trees, pasture with live fences, and pasture with scattered trees. Taungya and improved fallow were designed agroforestry prototypes, while the others were reproduced traditional systems. Seventy-nine plots were selected in three agro-climatic zones. Carbon in living biomass, dead biomass, and soil organic matter was measured in each plot. Results showed that carbon in living biomass and dead organic matter were different according to prototype; while soil organic carbon and total carbon were influenced mostly by the agro-climatic zone (P < 0.01). Carbon density in the high tropical agro-climatic zone (1,000 m) was higher compared to the intermediate and low tropical agro-climatic zones (600 and 200 m, respectively, P < 0.01). All the systems contained more carbon than traditional maize and pastures without trees. Silvopastoral systems, improved fallow, Taungya and coffee systems (especially polyculture-shade coffee and organic coffee) have the potential to sequester carbon via growing trees. Agroforestry systems could also contribute to carbon sequestration and reducing emissions when burning is avoided. The potential of organic coffee to maintain carbon in soil and to reduce emissions from deforestation and ecosystem degradation (REDD) is discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-009-9247-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9305-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-15", "description": "Land use affects the carbon sequestration potential of soils across landscapes. Tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems where annual crops are grown between established tree rows are expected to exhibit spatial heterogeneity in the soil organic carbon (SOC) content due to differences in carbon input and decomposition rates of litter from trees and herbaceous plants. This study aimed to quantify variability in the SOC of TBI systems, compare the SOC content of TBI and nearby conventional agroecosystems, and determine if SOC was related to soil fertility. The TBI research sites were established 4\u00a0years (St. Paulin and St. Edouard, Quebec, Canada), 8\u00a0years (St. Remi, Quebec, Canada) and 21\u00a0years (Guelph, Ontario, Canada) before soil samples were collected for this study. The SOC content was greater within 0.75\u00a0m of the tree row than in the intercropped space at the St. Edouard and St. Remi sites. At the Guelph site, the SOC was spatially heterogeneous in plots with Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) but not hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0P. nigra clone DN-177), probably due to litterfall distribution. Formerly a tree plantation, the TBI system at St. Remi contained 77% more SOC than a nearby conventional agroecosystem, while there was 12% more SOC in the TBI system than the conventional agroecosystem at Guelph. There was no difference in the SOC content of 4-year old TBI sites and nearby conventional agroecosystems. However, an increase in SOC at all TBI sites was positively related to the plant-available N concentrations, indicating the benefit of temperate TBI systems for soil fertility.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9305-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9305-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9305-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9305-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9312-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-19", "title": "Root Length Density And Carbon Content Of Agroforestry And Grass Buffers Under Grazed Pasture Systems In A Hapludalf", "description": "Enhancement of root development helps to improve soil physical properties, carbon sequestration, and water quality of streams. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in root length density (RLD) and root and soil carbon content within grass buffer (GB), agroforestry buffer (AgB), rotationally grazed pasture (RG) and continuously grazed pasture (CG) treatments. Pasture and GB areas included red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and lespedeza (Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.) planted into fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) while AgB included Eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoids Bortr. ex Marsh.) planted into fescue. One-meter deep soil cores were collected from each treatment in August 2007 and 2008 with a soil probe. Three soil cores were sampled at six replicate sampling positions. Soil cores were collected in plastic tubes inserted inside the metal soil probe. Soils were segregated by horizons, and roots were separated into three diameter classes (0\u20131, 1\u20132, >2 mm) by soil horizon. Root length was determined using a flatbed scanner assisted with computer software. Buffer treatments (167 cm/100 cm3) had 4.5 times higher RLD as compared to pasture treatments (37.3 cm/100 cm3). The AgB treatment had the highest (173.5 cm/100 cm3) RLD and CG pasture had the lowest (10.8 cm/100 cm3) value. Root carbon was about 3% higher for the buffers compared to RG treatment. Soil carbon was about 115% higher for the buffers compared to pasture treatments. Results from this study imply that establishment of agroforestry and GB on grazed pasture watersheds improve soil carbon accumulation and root parameters which enhance soil physical and chemical properties thus improving the environmental quality of the landscape.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sandeep Kumar, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9312-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9312-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9312-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9312-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-04", "title": "Trade-offs between short-term mortality attributable to NO2 and O3 changes during the COVID-19 lockdown across major Spanish cities", "description": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic forced most countries to put in place lockdown measures to slow down the transmission of the virus. These lockdowns have led to temporal improvements in air quality. Here, we evaluate the changes in NO2 and O3 levels along with the associated impact upon premature mortality during the COVID-19 lockdown and deconfinement periods along the first epidemic wave across the provincial capital cities of Spain. We first quantify the change in pollutants solely due to the lockdown as the difference between business-as-usual (BAU) pollution levels, estimated with a machine learning-based meteorological normalization technique, and observed concentrations. Second, instead of using exposure-response functions between the pollutants and mortality reported in the literature, we fit conditional quasi-Poisson regression models to estimate city-specific associations between daily pollutant levels and non-accidental mortality during the period 2010-2018. Significant relative risk values are observed at lag 1 for NO2 (1.0047 [95% CI: 1.0014 to 1.0081]) and at lag 0 for O3 (1.0039 [1.0013 to 1.0065]). On average NO2 changed by -51% (intercity range -65.7 to -30.9%) and -36.4% (-53.7 to -11.6%), and O3 by -1.1% (-20.2 to 23.8%) and 0.6% (-12.4 to 23.0%), during the lockdown (57 days) and deconfinement (42 days) periods, respectively. We obtain a reduction in attributable mortality associated with NO2 changes of -119 (95% CI: -273 to -24) deaths over the lockdown, and of -53 (-114 to -10) deaths over the deconfinement. This was partially compensated by an increase in the attributable number of deaths, 14 (-72 to 99) during the lockdown, and 8 (-27 to 50) during the deconfinement, associated with the rise in O3 levels in the most populous cities during the analysed period, despite the overall small average reductions. Our study shows that the potential trade-offs between multiple air pollutants should be taken into account when evaluating the health impacts of environmental exposures.", "keywords": ["Air Pollutants", "SARS-CoV-2", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "COVID-19", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "Communicable Disease Control", "Humans", "Particulate Matter", "Cities", "Pandemics", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117220"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9314-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-26", "title": "Carbon, Nitrogen And Organic C Fractions In Topsoil Affected By Conversion From Silvopastoral To Different Land Use Systems", "description": "The conversion of silvopasture to different land use systems cause effective changes in soil carbon distribution, due to disturbances in soil aggregation promoted by soil management and changes in crop residues inputs and decomposability. We evaluate the C and N stocks, and organic C fractions in soils under continuous arable land (AR) and silvopasture with apple trees and grass (SP); and after 4 years of conversion from silvopasture to arable land (SP-AR) and grassland (SP-GL). Total N (TN) and organic C (TOC), as well as microbial biomass carbon (CMB), light fraction (CLF) and heavy fraction (CHF) were evaluated at two different depths (0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm). After 4\u00a0years of conversion, SP-AR and SP-GL presented C and N stocks similar to the observed for SP when the 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth was considered. However, AR presented TOC and TN stocks around 21 and 10% lower than SP, respectively. SP-AR tended to present the lowest CMB stocks and was positively correlated with salt extractable organic C (r                         2\u00a0=\u00a00.60, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). CLF values declined by 62% from 0\u201310 to the 10\u201320\u00a0cm at SP and SP-GL, however there was no variation with increasing depth for AR and SP-AR. CHF represented the highest C fraction in soil, corresponding to 82% of TOC. Except for AR, \u03b413C values of the light fraction increased with increasing depth. In general, heavy fraction tended to be more enriched in \u03b413C than light fraction. In a long-term, conventional tillage can significantly contribute to reduce TOC and TN stocks when compared to the silvopastoral system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "550 - Earth sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9314-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9314-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9314-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9314-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-22", "title": "Net Ecosystem Production And Carbon Balance Of An Src Poplar Plantation During Its First Rotation", "description": "AbstractTo evaluate the potential of woody bioenergy crops as an alternative energy source, there is need for a more comprehensive understanding of their carbon cycling and their allocation patterns throughout the lifespan. We therefore quantified the net ecosystem production (NEP) of a poplar (Populus) short rotation coppice (SRC) culture in Flanders during its second growing season.Eddy covariance (EC) techniques were applied to obtain the annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the plantation. Further, by applying a component-flux-based approach NEP was calculated as the difference between the modelled gross photosynthesis and the respiratory fluxes from foliage, stem and soil obtained via upscaling from chamber measurements. A combination of biomass sampling, inventories and upscaling techniques was used to determine NEP via a pool-change-based approach.Across the three approaches, the net carbon balance ranged from 96 to 199\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0y\u22121 indicating a significant net carbon uptake by the SRC culture. During the establishment year the SRC culture was a net source of carbon to the atmosphere, but already during the second growing season there was a significant net uptake. Both the component-flux-based and pool-change-based approaches resulted in higher values (47\u2013108%) than the EC-estimation of NEE, though the results were comparable considering the considerable and variable uncertainty levels involved in the different approaches. The efficient biomass production \u2013 with the highest part of the total carbon uptake allocated to the aboveground wood \u2013 led the poplars to counterbalance the soil carbon losses resulting from land use change in a short period of time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NEE", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Physics", "Carbon pools", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Net primary production", "Carbon budget", "Populus", "Carbon fluxes", "Biology", "Engineering sciences. Technology", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Waste Management and Disposal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-01", "title": "Tracking the volatile and magmatic history of Vesta from chromium stable isotope variations in eucrite and diogenite meteorites", "description": "Abstract   Although Solar System bodies exhibit large variations in their volatile element abundances, the mechanisms and conditions that lead to these variations remain ambiguous. The howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites that likely sample the asteroid 4 Vesta, provide evidence for extensive volatile depletion on their parent body. Isotopic variations in moderately volatile elements, such as Zn, have been used to track the origin of such volatile loss. Although not nominally volatile, Cr is useful because it has several oxidized gas species that render it volatile under the oxidizing conditions that characterize planetary accretion. As such, volatile loss of Cr has the potential to produce an isotopically light evaporation residue under an equilibrium regime. This contrasts with other moderately volatile elements that show heavy isotope enrichments in the residue following both kinetic or equilibrium fractionation. Here, we report the Cr stable isotope composition of 11 eucrites and four diogenites. The eucrites possess systematically lighter Cr isotope compositions than diogenites, which is onset by the accumulation of isotopically heavy Cr3+-rich orthopyroxene and spinel in diogenites during their magmatic evolution. We estimate for the primary eucrite melt with Mg# \u2248 50, a \u03b453Cr (53Cr/52Cr deviation relative to NIST SRM 979 in per mile) of \u22120.22\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.03\u2030 (2SD), lighter than any chondritic meteorite group by \u223c0.1\u2030. This deficit may result from either partial melting with residual Cr3+-bearing phases (e.g. chromite) that retain heavy isotopes, or from vapor loss that occurred at equilibrium with a magma ocean on Vesta. Isotopic fractionation during partial melting would necessitate implausibly high Cr contents in the Vestan mantle, and oxygen fugacities high enough to stabilize chromite in the mantle source. Isotopic fractionation during evaporation would require an oxidized vapor and a reduced residue, as predicted by thermodynamic constraints on the composition of the vapor phase above a silicate magma ocean. Therefore, this Cr isotopic deficit between Vesta and chondrites may be caused by Cr loss at relatively high oxygen fugacity in a gas phase at equilibrium with the liquid from which it evolved. Temperatures of volatile loss are estimated to be lower than 2300\u202fK, consistent with loss from a large-scale magma ocean model for formation of Vesta, which may be a common evolutionary stage in accreting planetesimals.", "keywords": ["Magma ocean", "550", "Volatile history", "500", "Volatile elements", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "Vesta", "Howardite-eucrite-diogenite", "13. Climate action", "Chondrites", "Cr isotopes", "Equilibrium fractionation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-20", "title": "Coffee Agroecosystem Performance Under Full Sun, Shade, Conventional And Organic Management Regimes In Central America", "description": "Changes in coffee economics are leading producers to reduce agrochemical use and increase the use of shade. Research is needed on how to balance the competition from shade trees with the provision of ecological services to the coffee. In 2000, long-term coffee experiments were established in Costa Rica and Nicaragua to compare coffee agroecosystem performance under full sun, legume and non-legume shade types, and intensive and moderate conventional and organic inputs. Coffee yield from intensive organic production was not significantly different from intensive conventional in Nicaragua, but in Costa Rica it was lower during three of the six harvests. Full sun coffee production over 6\u00a0years was greater than shaded coffee in Costa Rica (61.8 vs. 44.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121, P\u00a0=\u00a00.0002). In Nicaragua, full sun coffee production over 5\u00a0years (32.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) was equal to coffee with shade that included Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., (27\u201330\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) and both were more productive (P\u00a0=\u00a00.03) than coffee shaded with Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (21.6\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121). Moderate input organic production was significantly lower than other managements under all shade types, except in the presence of Erythrina poepiggina (Walp.) O.F. Cook. Inga and Erythrina had greater basal area and nutrient recycling from prunings than other shade species. Intensive organic production increased soil pH and P, and had higher K compared to moderate conventional. Although legume shade trees potentially provide ecological services to associated coffee, this depends on management of the competition from those same trees.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mirna Barrios, P. Moraga, Gabriela Soto, Rodolfo Mungu\u00eda, Jeremy Haggar, Jeremy Haggar, S. Romero, E. de M. F. Virginio, M. Merlo, M. Bola\u00f1os, A. Ponce, Charles Staver,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-02", "title": "Modeling The Impacts Of Agroforestry Systems On The Spatial Patterns Of Soil Erosion Risk In Three Catchments Of Claveria, The Philippines", "description": "Agroforestry is one of the preferred land-use options for smallholder farms in tropical landscapes due to its ability to increase land productivity and protect soil from erosion. We investigated the impacts of agroforestry and traditional monocropping systems on the spatial patterns of soil erosion risk in three catchment areas of Claveria, the Philippines, using WaTEM/SEDEM, a spatially distributed soil erosion model. The model predicts soil loss in catchments based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) by taking into account the influences of rainfall, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and 2-dimensional variations in landscape structure. The predicted soil erosion rates were transformed into risk values in order to identify areas with higher risk for erosion. Model results indicate a large spatial variability in soil erosion risk patterns, with higher risks occurring on slopes greater than 8% on land under non-agroforestry use. The soil erosion risk maps were used to formulate site-specific agroforestry recommendations for future landscape amelioration plans.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "13. Climate action", "upland areas", "RUSLE", "WaTEM/SEDEM", "the Philippines", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "land-use planning", "tropical region", "agroforestry", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Delgado, Marc, Canters, Frank,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9442-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-12", "title": "Soil Quality Indicator Responses To Row Crop, Grazed Pasture, And Agroforestry Buffer Management", "description": "Soil enzyme activities and water stable aggregates have been identified as sensitive soil quality indicators, but few studies exist comparing those parameters within buffers, grazed pastures and row-crop systems. Our objective was to examine the effects of these land uses on the activities of selected enzymes (\u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, and dehydrogenase), proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA), soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Four management treatments [grazed pasture (GP), agroforestry buffer (AgB), grass buffer (GB) and row crop (RC)] were sampled in 2009 and 2010 at two depths (0 to 10- and 10 to 20-cm) and analyzed. Most of the soil quality indicators were significantly greater under perennial vegetation when compared to row crop treatments. Although there were numerical variations, soil quality response trends were consistent between years. The \u03b2-glucosaminidase activity increased slightly from 156 to 177\u00a0\u03bcg PNP g\u22121 dry soil while \u03b2-glucosidase activity slightly decreased from 248 to 237\u00a0\u03bcg PNP g\u22121 dry soil in GB treatment during 2\u00a0years. The surface (0\u201310\u00a0cm depth) had greater enzyme activities and WSA than sub-surface (10\u201320\u00a0cm) samples. WSA increased from 178 to 314\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in row crop areas while all other treatments had similar values during the 2\u00a0year study. The treatment by depth interaction was significant (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) for \u03b2-glucosidase and \u03b2-glucosaminidase enzymes in 2009 and for dehydrogenase and \u03b2-glucosaminidase in 2010. Soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon content (r\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.94, P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). This is important because soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass can be enhanced by perennial vegetation and thus improve several other soil quality parameters. These results also support the hypothesis that positive interactions among management practices, soil biota and subsequent environmental quality effects are of great agricultural and ecological importance.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robert J. Kremer, Bodh R. Paudel, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9454-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9471-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-16", "title": "Productivity And Carbon Storage In Silvopastoral Systems With Pinus Ponderosa And Trifolium Spp., Plantations And Pasture On An Andisol In Patagonia, Chile", "description": "No information is available about carbon (C) sequestration potentials in ecosystems on Andisols of the Chilean Patagonia. This study was undertaken to measure the size of C stocks in three predominant ecosystems: Pinus ponderosa-based silvopastoral systems (SPS), pine plantations (PPP) and natural pasture (PST), and examine how clover affect tree growth and stocks of soil C. The C contents of trees and pasture were determined by destructive sampling and dry combustion. Soil samples were taken at 0\u20135, 5\u201320, 20\u201340 cm depths in order to determine soil C and N. For PPP and SPS total aboveground tree C was 38.4 and 53.1 kg tree\u22121 and belowground was 21.3 and 23.4 kg tree\u22121, respectively. Annual diameter increment at breast height was 1 and 2 cm in PPP and SPS, respectively, and was significantly higher in SPS. Trees in SPS, due to lower density and the presence of leguminous pasture, demonstrated enhanced growth and C sequestration. Soil organic C (SOC) stocks at 0\u201340 cm depth were 193.76, 177.10 and 149.25 Mg ha\u22121 in SPS, PST and PPP, respectively. The conversion of PPP to SPS and PST to PPP resulted in an increase of 44.51 Mg ha\u22121 and a decrease of 27.85 Mg ha\u22121 in SOC, respectively. Favorable microclimatic conditions in relation to air temperature and soil moisture were observed in SPS as well as a synergy between trees and pasture.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9471-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9471-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9471-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9471-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10531-023-02729-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-17", "title": "Development and validation of a photo-based attitudes scale towards the conservation of semi-arid habitats", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "4. Education", "11. Sustainability", "05 social sciences", "0501 psychology and cognitive sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02729-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biodiversity%20and%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10531-023-02729-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10531-023-02729-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10531-023-02729-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-19", "title": "Artisanal And Controlled Pyrolysis-Based Biochars Differ In Biochemical Composition, Thermal Recalcitrance, And Biodegradability In Soil", "description": "Abstract   Biochar composition and stability is under intense research. Yet the question remains to what extent the current state-of-the-art applies to artisanally charred biomass in tropical regions. We compared kiln and drum based biochars with their counterpart controlled (at 400\u00a0\u00b0C) slow pyrolysis biochars from coconut shells, rice husks and Palmyra nutshell for their biochemical composition, thermal stability and biodegradability in soil. Thermal behavior of individual organic constituents was quantified by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectroscopy (Py-FIMS). Comparison of the mass spectra demonstrated higher abundances of either phenols, lignin and carbohydrate monomers or of lipids in the artisanally produced biochars. Hence, relatively more untransformed plant matter was preserved by artisanal charring and also the thermal stability of carbohydrates, alkylaromatics and N-containing compounds was lower for all three feedstocks. This indicates lower prevailing temperatures compared to controlled pyrolysis biochar, at least in parts of the biomass charring in the kilns or drum. Nine-weeks biochar derived C mineralization upon soil incorporation revealed a relatively lower biological stability of the controlled pyrolysis biochars. The proportion of detected ion intensity from thermolabile lower mass signals ( m/z", "keywords": ["Oryza sativa L", "Biochar", "Cocos nucifera L.", "Biochar production method", "Borassus flabellifer", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Thermal stability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Py-FIMS", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-06", "title": "The influence of soil chemistry on branched tetraether lipids in mid- and high latitude soils: Implications for brGDGT- based paleothermometry", "description": "Open AccessGeochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 310", "keywords": ["Biomarker lipid proxy development", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Branched GDGT; Biomarker lipid proxy development", "Branched GDGT", "branched GDGT", "Plan_S-Compliant_NO", "15. Life on land", "03 medical and health sciences", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "13. Climate action", "international", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-010-9317-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-15", "title": "Using Agroforestry To Improve Soil Fertility: Effects Of Intercropping On Ilex Paraguariensis (Yerba Mate) Plantations With Araucaria Angustifolia", "description": "This study assessed the use of agroforestry to improve soil nutrient properties in plantations containing Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire (yerba mate). Intercropping within tree plantation systems is widely practiced by farmers around the World, but the influence of different species combinations on system performance still requires further investigation. I. paraguariensis is a major South American crop commonly cultivated in intensive monocultures on low activity clay soils, which are highly prone to nutrient deficiencies. Study plots were established in 20 plantations in Misiones, Argentina. These involved two species combinations (I. paraguariensis monoculture and I. paraguariensis intercropped with the native tree species Araucaria angustifolia) and two age classes (30 and 50 years old). Chemical soil samples were analysed to determine Ca, Mg, K, P, N, C and Al concentrations, effective CEC (eCEC) and pH at two soil depths (0\u20135 cm and 5\u201310 cm). In the younger plantations, the agroforestry sites had lower nutrient levels than I. paraguariensis monoculture sites. However, the monoculture plantations were more susceptible than agroforestry sites to a decline in soil nutrient status over time, particularly with respect to Ca, eCEC, N and C for both soil depths. P concentrations were below detection limits for all sites, potentially reflecting the high P-fixing capacity of the kaolinic soils of this region. While agroforestry systems may be better at maintaining soil quality over time, significant growth increase of I. paraguariensis was apparent only for the monoculture sites.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tal Ilany, Florencia Montagnini, Constanza Martinez, Mark S. Ashton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9317-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-010-9317-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-010-9317-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-010-9317-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9399-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-18", "title": "Integrated Evaluation Of Soil Fertility In Ginkgo (Ginkgo Biloba L.) Agroforestry Systems In Jiangsu, China", "description": "Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a traditional economic tree species in China, and often cultivated in agroforestry systems. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of different Ginkgo and crop species combinations on soil fertility. We established two Ginkgo and crop species systems: Ginkgo + wheat + soybean (G+W+S), Ginkgo + rape + soybean (G+R+S), and one Ginkgo + mulberry (G+M) system, one pure mulberry plantation (M), and one crop systems of rape + soybean (R+S) in the field. Soil chemical properties and enzymes activities were measured 4 years after planting. These soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were used as soil fertility indicators (FI). Soil fertility of the five planting systems was finally evaluated by using improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that soil chemical properties (including pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K, total K) and soil enzyme activities (including catalase, sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and protease) in the five planting systems were significantly different from each other (P = 0.0237). The above parameters were also different at different soil depths. The concentration of total N, P, organic matter, available P and K of soil decreased significantly with soil depth (P = 0.0146), however, pH increased. The concentrations of organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K of soil under rape + soybean (R+S) was lowest among the five planting systems. The activities of sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease decreased with soil depth, however, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased. Except for catalase, the activities of these enzymes in the R+S system were the lowest among the five planting systems. The integrated evaluation of soil fertility showed that soil fertility indicators (FI) were significantly different, and the FI values for the five systems followed order: G+M (0.847) > G+W+S (0.446) > M (0.399) > G+R+S (0.343) > R+S (0.211). These results indicated that adoption of a Ginkgo-crop combination could lead to increased long-term sustainability of soil fertility by improving levels of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrient and soil enzyme activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9399-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9399-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9399-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9399-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9448-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Under A Linear Simultaneous Agroforestry System In Uganda", "description": "The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the amount and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) under a linear simultaneous agroforestry system with different tree species treatments. Field work was conducted at Kifu National Forestry Resources Research Institute in Mukono District, Central Uganda, in a linear agroforestry system established in 1995 with four different tree species and a crop only control treatment. Soil samples were collected in 2006 at three depths; 0\u201325, 25\u201350, and 50\u2013100 cm, before planting and after harvesting a maize crop. The results indicate that an agroforestry system has significant potential to increase SOC as compared to the crop only control. There was no significant difference in the amount of SOC under exotic and indigenous tree species. Among the exotic species, Grevillea robusta had higher SOC than Casuarina equisetifolia across the entire depth sampled. There is significant difference in SOC among the indigenous species, where Maesopsis eminii has more SOC than Markhamia lutea. Distance from the tree row did not significantly influence SOC concentration under any of the tree species. In selecting a tree species to integrate with crops that will sequester reasonable quantities of carbon as well as boost the performance of the crops, a farmer can either plant an exotic species or an indigenous. In this study, the soil under Grevillea robusta and Maesopsis eminii have the highest potential to store organic carbon compared to soil under other tree species.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9448-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9448-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9448-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9448-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9458-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-10", "title": "Water Use Assessment In Alley Cropping Systems Within Subtropical China", "description": "Alley cropping systems may influence soil water movement and the water budget because of its complex interactions between crop and tree rooting systems. The objective of this paper was to evaluate water balance and water competition in an alley cropping system, consisting of deciduous tree wild jujube (Choerospondias axillaris) and economic crop peanut (Arachis hypogaea) within subtropical China. Five treatments (20- by 6-m plots) with three replications were included in this study. The treatments were monoculture peanut cropping (P), monoculture younger trees (T1), monoculture older trees (T2), peanut intercropped with younger trees (T1P), and peanut intercropped with older trees (T2P). A multi-layered water balance model, with water movement between soil layers, was implemented by the measurement of soil water potential using sets of tensiometers during the periods from March 1999 to December 2002. The spatial and temporal variations of soil water regime indicated that the trees used soil water below the 60-cm soil depth and alleviated the water stress. The direction of soil water movement indicated that soil water moved to the tree row, which indicated that trees competed with peanuts for water, especially during the seasonal drought period. Water competition was related to the tree spacing and tree age. Compared to the tree monoculture systems, the alley cropping system significantly influenced water budget components and water use patterns, as indicated by the increased evapotranspiration (6\u201311%), and decreased net drainage (7\u201345%), water storage (6\u201329%), and runoff (50\u201360%). Furthermore, alley cropping systems encouraged the rapid growth of trees, and depressed the biomass and yield of peanuts by 20\u201350% associated with tree shading effects. The results suggest that competition for water and light must be taken into account when optimizing the alley cropping system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ying Zhao, Robert L. Hill, Bin Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9458-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9458-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9458-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9458-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-26", "title": "Transformation of vivianite in intertidal sediments with contrasting sulfide conditions", "description": "Open AccessVivianite, a ferrous phosphate mineral, can be a significant phosphorus (P) burial phase in non-sulfidic, reducing coastal sediments. Expected sea level rise may increase sulfide production in currently non-sulfidic sediments containing vivianite, leading to conditions under which vivianite is thermodynamically unstable. Here, we compared the mineral transformation processes of two different vivianites: unsubstituted vivianite and a vivianite substituted with Mn and Mg (Mn/Mg/Fe=0.30/0.14/0.56), two cations that frequently substitute for Fe in the crystal structure of vivianite. Further, we investigated the potential role of calcium carbonate as a sorption site for phosphate, which is released during vivianite dissolution. The vivianites were mixed with sea sand (quartz) and with or without calcium carbonate. The mixes were filled in mesh bags and installed at 15 to 20 cm sediment depth at two adjacent field plots with contrasting dissolved sulfide concentrations in an intertidal flat in the Wadden Sea. The low sulfide plot had sulfide concentrations \u226450 \u03bcM, while concentrations at the high sulfide plot ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 mM. Porewater chemistry was regularly monitored during the field experiment. After 56 days of field incubation, the reacted solid phase was assessed by acid digestion for total elemental composition and Fe, P, and S speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both vivianites with and without calcium carbonate and at both field plots dissolved partially, resulting in a net loss of Fe, Mn, Mg, and P from the mesh bags (elemental losses ranged from \u223c 10 to 35%), while solid-phase S accumulated, particularly at the high sulfide plot. Green rust minerals were the major transformation product at the low sulfide plot to which some released phosphate could likely readsorb. Mackinawite formation, which dominated at the high sulfide plot, is less efficient at adsorbing P and thus resulted in an enhanced P loss from the mesh bags. On average, there was \u223c 27% P loss at the high sulfide plot, compared to \u223c 20% at the low sulfide plot. Mn-Mg-substituted vivianite dissolved more at both field plots, likely due to changes in mineral reactivity due to isomorphic substitution. The presence of calcium carbonate slightly lowered P loss, suggesting that its presence may positively impact P retention during vivianite transformation. Overall, P availability was enhanced under euxinic conditions, indicating that vivianite-containing sediments may become sources of bioavailable P under changing environmental conditions.", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-011-9477-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-16", "title": "Estimation Of Net Gain Of Soil Carbon In A Nitrogen-Fixing Tree And Crop Intercropping System In Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From Re-Examining A Study", "description": "Nitrogen (N)-fixing tree and crop intercropping systems can be a sustainable agricultural practice in sub-Saharan Africa and can also contribute to resolving climate change through enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. A study conducted by Makumba et al. (Agric Ecosyst Environ 118:237\u2013243, 2007) on the N-fixing tree gliricidia and maize intercropping system in southern Malawi provides a rare dataset of both sequestered soil C and C loss as soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, no soil C gain and loss estimates were made so the study failed to show the net gain of soil C. Also absent from this study was potential benefit or negative impact related to the other greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from the intercropping system. Using the data provided in Makumba et al. (Agric Ecosyst Environ 118:237\u2013243, 2007) a C loss as soil CO2 emissions (51.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) was estimated, amounting to 67.4% of the sequestered soil C (76\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.6\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in 0\u20132\u00a0m soil depth) for the first 7\u00a0years in the intercropping system. An annual net gain of soil C of 3.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 was estimated from soil C sequestered and lost. Inclusion of the potential for N2O mitigation [0.12\u20131.97\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, 0.036\u20130.59\u00a0Mg CO2 equivalents (eq.) ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121] within this intercropping system mitigation as CO2 eq. basis was estimated to be 3.5\u20134.1\u00a0Mg CO2 eq.\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. These results suggest that reducing N2O emission can significantly increase the overall mitigation benefit from the intercropping system. However, significant uncertainties are associated with estimating the effect of intercropping on soil N2O and CH4 emissions. These results stress the importance of including consideration of quantifying soil CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions when quantifying the C sequestration potential in intercropping system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dong-Gill Kim", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9477-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-011-9477-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-011-9477-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-011-9477-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-23", "title": "Carbon Stocks In Coffee Agroforests And Mixed Dry Tropical Forests In The Western Highlands Of Guatemala", "description": "Tree removal in Latin American coffee agroforestry systems has been widespread due to complex and interacting factors that include fluctuating international markets, government-supported agricultural policies, and climate change. Despite shade tree removal and land conversion risks, there is currently no widespread policy incentive encouraging the maintenance of shade trees for the benefit of carbon sequestration. In facilitation of such incentives, an understanding of the capacity of coffee agroforests to store carbon relative to tropical forests must be developed. Drawing on ecological inventories conducted in 2007 and 2010 in the Lake Atitlan region of Guatemala, this research examines the carbon pools of smallholder coffee agroforests (CAFs) as they compare to a mixed dry forest (MDF) system. Data from 61 plots, covering a total area of 2.24 ha, was used to assess the aboveground, coarse root, and soil carbon reservoirs of the two land-use systems. Results of this research demonstrate the total carbon stocks of CAFs to range from 74.0 to 259.0 Megagrams (Mg)\u00a0C ha\u22121 with a mean of 127.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6 (SE)\u00a0Mg\u00a0C ha\u2212\u00b9. The average carbon stocks of CAFs was significantly lower than estimated for the MDF (198.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121); however, individual tree and soil pools were not significantly different suggesting that agroforest shade trees play an important role in facilitating carbon sequestration and soil conservation. This research demonstrates the need for conservation-based initiatives which recognize the carbon sequestration benefits of coffee agroforests alongside natural forest systems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-012-9549-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-012-9572-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-26", "title": "Growing Woody Biomass For Bioenergy In A Tree-Based Intercropping System In Southern Ontario, Canada", "description": "During the spring of 2006, three willow varieties (SV1, SX67 and 9882-41) were established on marginal land in an agroforestry tree-intercropping arrangement where plots of short rotation willows were planted between rows (spaced 15\u00a0m apart) of 21-year-old mixed tree species. As a control, the same varieties were established on an adjacent piece of land without established trees (conventional willow system). This study investigated the magnitude of carbon pools, fine root and leaf biomass inputs and clone yields in both the tree-based intercropping (agroforestry) and conventional monocropping systems. Willow biomass yield was significantly higher in the agroforestry field (4.86\u00a0odt\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121) compared to the conventional field (3.02\u00a0odt\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0y\u22121). In both fields, varieties SV1 and SX67 produced higher yields than the variety 9882-41. Willow fine root biomass in the top 20\u00a0cm of soil was significantly higher in the intercropping system (3,062\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) than in the conventional system (2,536\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Differences in fine root biomass between clones were similar to that observed for differences in biomass yield: SV1\u00a0>\u00a0SX67\u00a0>\u00a09882-41. Leaf input was higher in the intercropping system (1,961\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) than in the conventional system (1,673\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121). Clonal differences in leaf inputs followed the same trends as those for root biomass and yield: SV1\u00a0>\u00a0SX67\u00a0>\u00a09882-41. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher in the agroforestry field (1.94\u00a0%) than in the conventional field (1.82\u00a0%). A significant difference in soil organic carbon was found between the three clones: soils under clone 9882-41 had the lowest soil organic carbon at 1.80\u00a0%.", "keywords": ["F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "culture associ\u00e9e", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28066", "production foresti\u00e8re", "Juglans nigra", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24367", "rotation de coupe", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6754", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3086", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33452", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3061", "m\u00e9thode statistique", "biomasse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4059", "agroforesterie", "clone", "2. Zero hunger", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35927", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24696", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1678", "Salix", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "plantation foresti\u00e8re", "Quercus rubra", "croissance", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "Fraxinus", "Robinia pseudoacacia", "culture en couloirs", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6625", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1236", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Salix dasyclados", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7377"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9572-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-012-9572-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-012-9572-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-012-9572-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9622-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-14", "title": "Fertilizer Type And Species Composition Affect Leachate Nutrient Concentrations In Coffee Agroecosystems", "description": "Intensification of coffee (Coffea arabica) production is associated with increases in inorganic fertilizer application and decreases in species diversity. Both the use of organic fertilizers and the incorporation of trees on farms can, in theory, reduce nutrient loss in comparison with intensified practices. To test this, we measured nutrient concentrations in leachate at 15 and 100 cm depths on working farms. We examined (1) organically managed coffee agroforests (38 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121; n = 4), (2) conventionally managed coffee agroforests (96 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121; n = 4), and (3) one conventionally managed monoculture coffee farm in Costa Rica (300 kg N ha\u22121 year\u22121). Concentrations of nitrate (NO3 \u2212-N) and phosphate (PO4 3\u2212-P) were higher in the monoculture compared to agroforests at both depths. Nitrate concentrations were higher in conventional than organic agroforests at 15 cm only. Soil solutions collected under nitrogen (N)-fixing Erythrina poeppigiana had elevated NO3 \u2212-N concentrations at 15 cm compared to Musa acuminata (banana) or Coffea. Total soil N and carbon (C) were also higher under Erythrina. This research shows that both fertilizer type and species affect concentrations of N and P in leachate in coffee agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Forests and forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9622-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9622-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9622-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9622-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-012-9530-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-07", "title": "Seasonal Variation Of Soil Respiration Rates In A Secondary Forest And Agroforestry Systems", "description": "Agroforestry systems are widely practiced in tropical forests to recover degraded and deforested areas and also to balance the global carbon budget. However, our understanding of difference in soil respiration rates between agroforestry and natural forest systems is very limited. This study compared the seasonal variations in soil respiration rates in relation to fine root biomass, microbial biomass, and soil organic carbon between a secondary forest and two agroforestry systems dominated by Gmelina arborea and Dipterocarps in the Philippines during the dry and the wet seasons. The secondary forest had significantly higher (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) soil respiration rate, fine root biomass and soil organic matter than the agroforestry systems in the dry season. However, in the wet season, soil respiration and soil organic matter in the G. arborea dominated agroforestry system were as high as in the secondary forest. Whereas soil respiration was generally higher in the wet than in the dry season, there were no differences in fine root biomass, microbial biomass and soil organic matter between the two seasons. Soil respiration rate correlated positively and significantly with fine root biomass, microbial biomass, and soil organic C in all three sites. The results of this study indicate, to some degree, that different land use management practices have different effects on fine root biomass, microbial biomass and soil organic C which may affect soil respiration as well. Therefore, when introducing agroforestry system, a proper choice of species and management techniques which are similar to natural forest is recommended.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Amos K. Quaye, Yong-Kwon Lee, Soo Young Woo, Don Koo Lee, Kikang Bae, Timothy J. Fahey,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9530-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-012-9530-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-012-9530-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-012-9530-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-24", "title": "Carbon, Nitrogen, Organic Phosphorus, Microbial Biomass And N Mineralization In Soils Under Cacao Agroforestry Systems In Bahia, Brazil", "description": "Large amounts of plant litter deposited in cacao agroforestry systems play a key role in nutrient cycling. Organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and microbial biomass were investigated in cacao agroforestry systems on Latosols and Cambisols in Bahia, Brazil. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbial C and N, mineralizable N and organic P in two soil orders under three types of cacao agroforestry systems and an adjacent natural forest in Bahia, Brazil and also to evaluate the relationship between P fractions, microbial biomass and mineralized N with other soil attributes. Overall, the average stocks of organic C, total N and total organic P across all systems for 0\u201350 cm soil depth were 89,072, 8,838 and 790 kg ha\u22121, respectively. At this soil depth the average stock of labile organic P was 55.5 kg ha\u22121. For 0\u201310 cm soil depth, there were large amounts of microbial biomass C (mean of 286 kg ha\u22121), microbial biomass N (mean of 168 kg ha\u22121) and mineralizable N (mean of 79 kg ha\u22121). Organic P (total and labile) was negatively related to organic C, reflecting that the dynamics of organic P in these cacao agroforestry systems are not directly associated with organic C dynamics in soils, in contrast to the dynamics of N. Furthermore, the amounts of soil microbial biomass, mineralizable N, and organic P could be relevant for cacao nutrition, considering the low amount of N and P exported in cacao seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-012-9550-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-012-9574-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-30", "title": "Selected Carbon Fluxes In Pinus Ponderosa-Based Silvopastoral Systems, Exotic Plantations And Natural Pastures On Volcanic Soils In The Chilean Patagonia", "description": "This study was undertaken to measure certain carbon (C) fluxes in a Pinus ponderosa-based silvopastoral systems (SPS) in Patagonia, Chile. Results are compared to those from adjacent 18-year-old managed pine plantations (PPP) and natural prairie (PST). Litter decomposition was determined using the litterbag method. Leached soil solution was collected with tension lysimeters at 80\u00a0cm depth, and soil respiration evaluated in situ with the soda lime technique. Wind direction influenced the litterfall distribution in SPS, with 94\u00a0% falling in the tree strips and within 3\u00a0m on the east side. In the first 6\u00a0months the initial needle decomposition was low and less than 5\u00a0% of the initial mass. The overall soil organic carbon (SOC) and N contents (0\u201340\u00a0cm depth) decreased significantly in the order SPS\u00a0>\u00a0PST\u00a0>\u00a0PPP, and within SPS were greater in the alleys, starting at 2.5\u00a0m from the tree strip, with the highest values always eastward of the strip, suggesting influence by the wind direction. Total soil respiration decreased in the order PST\u00a0>\u00a0SPS\u00a0>\u00a0PPP and leached C decreased in the order PPP\u00a0>\u00a0PST\u00a0>\u00a0SPS. In general, the mean annual soil moisture in the pasture alleys of SPS was twice that of PST. The air/soil temperatures decreased significantly in the second year only in PST and at 2\u00a0m and beyond from the tree strip in SPS. Soil moisture varied significantly among treatments, but showed the strong influence exerted by trees in the creation of a favorable microclimate within the pasture alleys of SPS.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9574-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-012-9574-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-012-9574-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-012-9574-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9628-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-23", "title": "Conversion Of Tropical Moist Forest Into Cacao Agroforest: Consequences For Carbon Pools And Annual C Sequestration", "description": "Tropical forests store a large part of the terrestrial carbon and play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle. In parts of Southeast Asia, conversion of natural forest to cacao agroforestry systems is an important driver of deforestation, resulting in C losses from biomass and soil to the atmosphere. This case study from Sulawesi, Indonesia, compares natural forest with nearby shaded cacao agroforests for all major above and belowground biomass C pools (n\u00a0=\u00a06 plots) and net primary production (n\u00a0=\u00a03 plots). Total biomass (above- and belowground to 250\u00a0cm soil depth) in the forest (approx. 150\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) was more than eight times higher than in the agroforest (19\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). Total net primary production (NPP, above- and belowground) was larger in the forest than in the agroforest (approx. 29 vs. 20\u00a0Mg dry matter (DM) ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121), while wood increment was twice as high in the forest (approx. 6 vs. 3\u00a0Mg\u00a0DM\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). The SOC pools to 250\u00a0cm depth amounted to 134 and 78\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 in the forest and agroforest stands, respectively. Replacement of tropical moist forest by cacao agroforest reduces the biomass C pool by approximately 130\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121; another 50\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 may be released from the soil. Further, the replacement of forest by cacao agroforest also results in a 70\u201380\u00a0% decrease of the annual C sequestration potential due to a significantly smaller stem increment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9628-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9628-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9628-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9628-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-15", "title": "Managing Invasions At The Cost Of Native Habitat? An Experimental Test Of The Impact Of Fire On The Invasion Of Chromolaena Odorata In A South African Savanna", "description": "<p>Successfully managing invasive plants in natural systems is extremely difficult. Recently however, progress has been made with an approach focused on changing ecosystem processes through the disturbance regime. We performed a large-scale (3 ha) full-factorial field experiment in densely invaded woodland in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, a savanna reserve in South Africa, to study the effect of fire on the control of the pan-tropical invasive exotic shrub Chromolaena odorata in combination with the conventional method, i.e. manual clearing and herbicide application. We show how fire interacted with the conventional clearing of C. odorata and induced an intense canopy fire that caused a shift from woodland to grassland. After 2.5 years of monitoring, grasses were still dominant and re-invasion minimal. It is important to note that fire without prior clearing did not have the same effect and was not successful in reducing densities of C. odorata. An integrated control practice targeting the species with mechanical and chemical methods, while simultaneously targeting its habitat through fire, effectively controlled dense C. odorata thickets during the course of the experiment. However, this approach transformed regular surface fires into high-intensity canopy fires that are rare in savannas. We discuss how this altered fire regime may threaten native habitats, including fire-sensitive forest patches and riverine woodlands within the savanna mozaic. This is an important dilemma for managers that should not be overlooked and asks for long-term data on the impact of control programs on the native vegetation.</p>", "keywords": ["ALIEN PLANTS", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "BURN AGRICULTURE", "Ecology", "Conservation", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "ECOLOGY", "01 natural sciences", "Integrative management", "Tree-grass dynamics", "Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park", "BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS", "EUPATORIUM-ODORATUM", "NATURE RESERVES", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Biological invasions", "NATIONAL-PARK", "ENVIRONMENTS FOLLOWING SLASH", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "TROPICAL SAVANNAS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biological%20Invasions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10530-011-0102-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9634-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-18", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Association Of Indigenous Agroforestry Tree Species And Their Infective Potential With Maize In The Rift Valley, Ethiopia", "description": "Tree species in agroforestry are important source of inoculum for companion agricultural crops. Agroforestry trees can serve as a source of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculants to intercropped annuals. We studied spore abundance, root colonization of Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel.) and Croton macrostachyus (Hochst Ex Del.) trees and their effect on colonization of maize. Soil and root samples were collected from field standing trees from under and outside the canopy of trees and maize crops in the main rainy season. The number of spore count was significantly higher under the canopy of A. gummifera (791/100 g of dry soil) and C. macrostachyus (877/100 g of dry soil) trees than outside the canopy (547 and 588/100 g of dry soil, respectively). The level of root colonization of C. macrostachyus (45 %) was higher than A. gummifera (41 %). Root colonization of maize crops grown under the canopy of A. gummifera and C. macrostachyus trees was significantly higher than outside the canopy (P < 0.001). Maize seedlings grown on non-sterilized soils collected under and outside the canopy of A. gummifera and C. macrostachyus trees recorded higher root colonization, plant height, shoot and root dry weight than grown on sterilized soils (P < 0.001). The percentage of AM colonized roots of Zea mays seedlings was significantly positively correlated with the number of spore counts for field soils. The rhizospheres of indigenous agroforestry perennial species are important source of inoculum for annuals. The integration of perennials and annuals in an agroforestry system enhances the maintenance of soil quality in the tropics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9634-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9634-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9634-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9634-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9630-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-10", "title": "Soil Microbiological Properties And Enzyme Activity In Ginkgo\u2013Tea Agroforestry Compared With Monoculture", "description": "Agroforestry practice is believed to be an effective means of maintaining and improving soil fertility, and is widely used by farmers around the world. To gain better understanding of the effects of agroforestry practice on soil fertility, the organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and activity of soil enzymes at three soil depths (0\u201310, 10\u201320, and 20\u201330\u00a0cm) of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)\u2013tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) agroforestry systems were investigated. Study plots were established in Yushan Farm in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China. These involved two densities of Ginkgo trees mixed with tea (G1 and G2) and monoculture tea systems (G0). The results showed that C, N, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity were higher in surface soil than in soil from the middle and lower layers whereas pH and metabolic quotient increased with soil depth. pH, microbial biomass C, N, basal respiration, and catalase and invertase activity in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer were significantly lower for G0 than for G1 and G2. Polyphenoloxidase activity in the 0\u201310\u00a0cm layer was significantly lower for G2 than for G0 and G1. Metabolic quotient in the 20\u201330\u00a0cm layer was significantly higher for G0 than for G2. The activity of soil enzymes, including catalase, dehydrogenase, urease, protease, and invertase, significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. The results of this study suggest that growing tea with Ginkgo could be regarded as good agroforestry practice which could enhance accumulation of organic matter in soil, improve the activity of soil enzymes, and maintain soil productivity and sustainability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9630-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9630-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9630-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9630-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-08", "title": "Carbon Stocks, Tree Diversity, And The Role Of Organic Certification In Different Cocoa Production Systems In Alto Beni, Bolivia", "description": "This study compares aboveground and belowground carbon stocks and tree diversity in different cocoa cultivation systems in Bolivia: monoculture, simple agroforestry, and successional agroforestry, as well as fallow as a control. Since diversified, agroforestry-based cultivation systems are often considered important for sustainable development, we also evaluated the links between carbon stocks and tree diversity, as well as the role of organic certification in transitioning from monoculture to agroforestry. Biomass, tree diversity, and soil physiochemical parameters were sampled in 15 plots measuring 48 \u00d7 48 m. Semi-structured interviews with 52 cocoa farmers were used to evaluate the role of organic certification and farmers\u2019 organizations (e.g., cocoa cooperatives) in promoting tree diversity. Total carbon stocks in simple agroforestry systems (128.4 \u00b1 20 Mg ha\u22121) were similar to those on fallow plots (125.2 \u00b1 10 Mg ha\u22121). Successional agroforestry systems had the highest carbon stocks (143.7 \u00b1 5.3 Mg ha\u22121). Monocultures stored significantly less carbon than all other systems (86.3 \u00b1 4.0 Mg ha\u22121, posterior probability P(Diff > 0) of 0.000\u20130.006). Among shade tree species, Schizolobium amazonicum, Centrolobium ochroxylum, and Anadenanthera sp. accumulated the most biomass. High-value timber species (S. amazonicum, C. ochroxylum, Amburana cearensis, and Swietenia macrophylla) accounted for 22.0 % of shade tree biomass. The Shannon index and tree species richness were highest in successional agroforestry systems. Cocoa plots on certified organic farms displayed significantly higher tree species richness than plots on non-certified farms. Thus, expanding the coverage of organic farmers\u2019 organizations may be an effective strategy for fostering transitions from monoculture to agroforestry systems.", "keywords": ["Values", " standards and certification", "2. Zero hunger", "Bolivia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop husbandry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "330 Economics", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/49822/1/__ubnetapp02_user%24_brinksma_Downloads_carbon%20stocks.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-013-9643-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9689-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-25", "title": "Short-Term Changes In The Soil Carbon Stocks Of Young Oil Palm-Based Agroforestry Systems In The Eastern Amazon", "description": "The current expansion of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Brazilian Amazon has mainly occurred within smallholder agricultural and degraded areas. Under the social and environmental scenarios associated with these areas, oil palm-based agroforestry systems represent a potentially sustainable method of expanding the crop. The capacity of such systems to store carbon (C) in the soil is an important ecosystem service that is currently not well understood. Here, we quantified the spatial variation of soil C stocks in young (2.5-year-old) oil palm-based agroforestry systems with contrasting species diversity (high vs. low); both systems were compared with a ~10-year-old forest regrowth site and a 9-year-old traditional agroforestry system. The oil palm-based agroforestry system consisted of series of double rows of oil palm and strips of various herbaceous, shrub, and tree species. The mean (\u00b1standard error) soil C stocks at 0\u201350\u00a0cm depth were significantly higher in the low (91.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) and high (87.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) species diversity oil palm-based agroforestry systems than in the forest regrowth (71.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) and traditional agroforestry (68.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.9\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) sites. In general, no clear spatial pattern of soil C stocks could be identified in the oil palm-based agroforestry systems. The significant difference in soil carbon between the oil palm area (under oil palm: 12.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 and between oil palm: 10.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) and the strip area (17.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121) at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth very likely reflects the high input of organic fertilizer in the strip area of the high species diversity oil palm-based agroforestry system treatment. Overall, our results indicate a high level of early net accumulation of soil C in the oil palm-based agroforestry systems (6.6\u20138.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) that likely reflects the combination of fire-free land preparation, organic fertilization, and the input of plant residues from pruning and weeding.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9689-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9689-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9689-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9689-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-03-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9719-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-26", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Five Tree Species In A 25-Year-Old Temperate Tree-Based Intercropping System In Southern Ontario, Canada", "description": "Carbon (C) sequestration potential was quantified for five tree species, commonly used in tree-based intercropping (TBI) and for conventional agricultural systems in southern Ontario, Canada. In the 25-year-old TBI system, hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0Populus nigra clone DN-177), Norway spruce (Picae abies), red oak (Quercus rubra), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) were intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). In the conventional agricultural system, soybean was grown as a sole crop. Above- and belowground tree C Content, soil organic C, soil respiration, litterfall and litter decomposition were quantified for each tree species in each system. Total C pools for hybrid poplar, white cedar, red oak, black walnut, Norway spruce and a soybean sole-cropping system were 113.4, 99.4, 99.2, 91.5, 91.3, and 71.1\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively at a tree density of 111 trees\u00a0ha\u22121, including mean tree C content and soil organic C stocks. Net C flux for hybrid poplar, white cedar, red oak, black walnut, Norway spruce and soybean sole-crop were 2.1, 1.4, 0.8, 1.8, 1.6 and \u22121.2\u00a0t\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, respectively. Results presented suggest greater atmospheric CO2 sequestration potential for all five tree species when compared to a conventional agricultural system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9719-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9719-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9719-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9719-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9740-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-30", "title": "Variability Of Soil Carbon In Row Crop Watersheds With Agroforestry Buffers", "description": "Good understandings of soil carbon (C) variability are important to develop mitigation strategies for global warming and for enhanced ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to examine agroforestry, corn-soybean (row crop; control) and landscape effects on variations in soil C. One-m deep soil cores were sampled from two paired watersheds under agroforestry management with buffers and corn-soybean rotations and soils were analyzed for soil C, texture, pH, and cation exchange capacity. To observe the effect of landscape positions, both agroforestry and control watersheds were divided according to the landscape positions and area. The agroforestry watershed was divided into 0\u20132, 3\u20135, and 6\u20139\u00a0% slope segments and control watershed into 0\u20132 and 3\u20139\u00a0% slope segments. The results showed non-significant higher values of soil C in the agroforestry watershed after 3\u00a0years of establishment compared to the control treatment. Coefficient of variation (CV) showed ranges of variability for soil C by soil depth in both watersheds. Soil C distribution under agroforestry (CV 0.19\u20130.31) was moderately variable whereas under control (CV 0.30\u20130.40) it was moderate to most variable. Significantly higher amounts of soil C were observed at lower landscape positions compared to the upper and middle positions probably due to the depositions of eroded plant materials and retention by the grass waterway. Similarly, higher soil C was observed on both watersheds where depths to the claypan were shallow. It might be due to the lower drainage and soil water movement. Establishment of agroforestry practices decreased the variability of soil C, helped increase the soil C during long run as well as helped to enhance the ecosystems services.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G. M. M. M. Anoma Senaviratne, Harold E. Garrett, Pradip Adhikari, Ranjith P. Udawatta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9740-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9740-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9740-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9740-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-05-21", "title": "Soil Carbon Fractions In Short Rotation Poplar And Black Locust Coppices, Germany", "description": "Short rotation coppice (SRC) is seen as a successful management system, which in addition to energy wood production may enhance soil carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to investigate total, labile and stable soil carbon fractions at SRCs composed of poplar\u00a0clones Max 1 (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii), Muhle Larsen (Populus Trichocarpa), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Study was conducted at three SRC sites (Allendorf, Dornburg, and Forst) varying in age (1\u20134\u00a0years old), soil texture and climatic characteristics, in Germany. Composite soil samples collected at SRCs from 0 to 3; 0\u201310; 10\u201330; and 30\u201360\u00a0cm depth layers were compared with soils collected from adjacent crop strips. Samples were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), hot-water extractable carbon (HWC), and organic carbon (OC) at 250\u20132,000; 53\u2013250; and <53\u00a0\u00b5m soil-size aggregates. Total OC stocks in 0\u201360\u00a0cm soil layer were the highest at the site with the heaviest texture, Dornburg, followed by Forst and Allendorf, comprising 92\u2013107; 59\u201374; and 53\u201364\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively. Although no significant differences in the total OC stocks between SRCs and adjacent crops were found for the 0\u201360\u00a0cm layer, a significantly (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05) higher TOC, HWC, OC at macro-aggregates (250\u20132,000\u00a0\u00b5m), and the amount of macro-aggregates were found in the top 0\u20133\u00a0cm layer in all SRC sites (except the youngest poplar SRC in Forst) compared to adjacent crop strips. A greater macro-aggregate formation in SRCs related to the lower soil disturbance compared to the tilled crops, revealed a potential of SRC for C sequestration, as C occluded within soil aggregates has a slower decomposition rates and longer residence time.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9723-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-19", "title": "Organic Matter Pools And Nutrient Cycling In Different Coffee Production Systems In The Brazilian Cerrado", "description": "Agroforestry and organic systems have been used to reduce the negative effects that conventional coffee cultivation has on soils. In this work, 13C-CPMAS-NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental composition, classical humus fractionation and the soil fertility status were used to evaluate the impact of these three systems on a Latosol from the Brazilian Cerrado. Continuous input of tree residues promoted changes to the soil organic matter with increase in total organic carbon, humic acids (HA) and light organic matter, mainly in the topsoil. Available P and cation exchange capacity were also increased and the acidity status decreased in the agroforestry system. Moreover, HA from the agroforestry were enriched in O-alkyl C, O-di-alkyl C and alkyl C groups and the organic system resulted in HA richer in carboxyl groups. The conventional system resulted in greater aromatic and methoxyl participation, and lower phenol groups. HA from the agroforestry system were richer in easily degradable structures and the chemical fractionation demonstrated a decrease in both recalcitrant fractions, allowing for a more conservative and sustainable management of soil fertility. The modifications were not as evident in the organic system, probably due to the low organic fertilizer input.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9723-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9723-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9723-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9723-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-014-9758-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-28", "title": "Maize Yield Patterns On The Leeward Side Of Tree Windbreaks Are Site-Specific And Depend On Rainfall Conditions In Eastern Canada", "description": "Tree windbreaks may offer a range of potential advantages in terms of increased crop productivity and stability under climate change while providing multiple external benefits to society. The effects of windbreak on maize yields have not been assessed in a well-documented manner in eastern Canada, which is a major influential barrier limiting their adoption by farmers. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of maize grain yield in the leeward side of mature (average age, 30-years-old) single-tree row windbreaks that were located on four farm sites in southern Quebec, Canada. We determined whether the sign and magnitude of windbreak effects on spatial patterns of maize yield varied across contrasting years with respect to rainfall conditions. The greatest yield variation was observed at the tree-crop interface (within 0.5\u20131H, where H = tree height), where substantial yield reductions occurred. In two sites, the magnitude of negative windbreak effects on maize yield at the tree-crop interface decreases in the wetter years. We found important maize yield variation among sampling positions between 2H and 20H (here considered as the shelter zone), with yield values often significantly higher than at 24H (here considered as a control zone with negligible tree shelter effects). The magnitude of this yield variation in the shelter zone generally decreased in the wetter years. In most cases, we estimated that the net effect of windbreak on maize yield (0.5\u201320H vs. 24H) was negligible. Significant net positive (16 %) or negative (\u22126 %) effects of windbreaks on maize production were found at one site only and occurred on two different years. We conclude that the sign and magnitude of windbreak effects on spatial patterns of maize grain vary considerably across farms and depend upon temporal variation in rainfall conditions in eastern Canada.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David Rivest, David Rivest, Andr\u00e9 V\u00e9zina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9758-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-014-9758-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-014-9758-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-014-9758-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9804-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-23", "title": "Assessment Of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks And Fractions Under Different Agroforestry Systems In Subtropical Hill Agroecosystems Of North-East India", "description": "Soil total organic carbon (TOC) is not sensitive enough to measure the short and medium term changes due to land use change practices, and thus meaningful fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) should be measured. The objective of this study was to evaluate four agroforestry systems (AFSs) in order to test the hypothesis that agroforestry systems promote an increase in the soil organic carbon stocks and fractions, thus improving soil quality. For this, four 26\u00a0years old agroforestry systems consisting of multipurpose tree species (MPTs) (Michelia oblonga Wall, Parkia roxburghii G. Don, Alnus nepalensis D. Don, and Pinus kesiya Royle ex- Gordon) maintained at ICAR Research Complex, Umiam, Meghalaya, India were tested and compared with control plot for SOC stocks, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), non-labile carbon (CNL), particulate organic carbon (POC), and carbon management index (CMI). The soil samples were collected at five depths: 0\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201345, 45\u201360, and 60\u201375\u00a0cm. The TOC, POC, ROC, CNL and MBC in soils of agroforestry land use, on average, increased significantly by 26.3, 60.1, 27.1, 46.4 and 34\u00a0%, respectively in relative to control plot. However, the AFS consisting A. nepalensis recorded the highest mean SOC stocks (60.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121), TOC (3.60\u00a0g 100\u00a0g\u22121), POC (5.42\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121), ROC (10.16\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121) and MBC (548\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u22121) than other AFSs. Furthermore, the CMI was highest under A. nepalensis (129.6) followed by M. oblonga (119.4), whereas P. kesiya showed the lowest value (91.1). The SOC stocks and fractions were, on average, 35.3 and 70\u00a0%, respectively higher in upper soil layer (0\u201315\u00a0cm) compared to subsurface soil layers (15\u201375\u00a0cm) in all the AFSs. The strong and positive correlation (P\u00a0<\u00a00.05) between labile soil carbon fractions with TOC (r\u00a0=\u00a00.680** for POC; r\u00a0=\u00a00.683** for ROC and r\u00a0=\u00a00.758** for MBC) indicates that the changes in TOC content of soils is mainly influenced by the labile C pools and are the sensitive indicators of soil quality improvements. The AFSs, A. nepalensis in particular, can, therefore, be recommended as an alternative soil management strategy for food production, and for the maintenance of soil quality and agricultural sustainability through increased SOC sequestration in the highly fragile agro-ecosystems of northeast India.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K.M. Manjaiah, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Tharmalingam Ramesh, K. P. Mohopatra, S. V. Ngachan, K. Rajasekar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9804-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9804-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9804-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9804-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-26", "title": "Coarse Root Biomass, Carbon, And Nutrient Stock Dynamics Of Different Stem And Crown Classes Of Silver Oak (Grevillea Robusta A. Cunn. Ex. R. Br.) Plantation In Central Kerala, India", "description": "Belowground biomass production is a vital process that contributes to carbon sequestration. The relative proportion of belowground carbon allocation, however, varies with species, age, ecoclimatic conditions and crown dominance categories of trees. Here we compare the coarse root biomass and nutrient stocks of different stem size/crown class categories of 21-year-old Grevillea robusta stand in Kerala, India and the soil carbon/nutrient stocks of the G. robusta stand with an adjoining unplanted site. Root systems of 18 trees of three stem diameter/crown classes (5\u201315, 15\u201325, and\u00a0>25\u00a0cm: suppressed\u00a0+\u00a0intermediate, co-dominant and dominant crown classes, respectively) were excavated and their coarse root biomass estimated. Mean coarse root biomass ranged from 12.94 to 59.81\u00a0kg tree\u22121 with production of 18.45\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (mean annual increment\u00a0=\u00a00.88\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). Medium sized trees (co-dominant) had the highest root:shoot ratio, followed by intermediate and suppressed crown classes and the dominant trees had the least values, implying persistence strategies of the suppressed, intermediate and co-dominant trees under conditions of resource limitation. Coarse roots accounted for 8.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 C while soil organic carbon pool (0\u2013100\u00a0cm) was 77.56\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 C, as against 66.04\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 for contiguous treeless plots. Coarse roots accrued 24.87\u00a0kg\u00a0N, 1.66\u00a0kg P and 21.06\u00a0kg\u00a0K per ha. G. robusta stand exhibited higher NPK stocks in the lower soil layers, compared to treeless controls. Deep rooted G. robusta trees (>1.0\u00a0m) thus have the potential to enrich lower layers of the soil profile through plant cycling of nutrients, which is important for on-site nutrient conservation and resource sharing with associated field crops.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9821-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9788-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-14", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Potential And Carbon Density Of Different Land Use Systems Along An Altitudinal Gradient In North-Western Himalayas", "description": "The present study estimated the biomass, carbon density and carbon dioxide mitigation potential of different land use systems along an altitudinal gradient in valley ecosystem showing variation in biodiversity because of changing climatic conditions. Seven different land use systems/crop rotations viz., cereal\u2013cereal, cereal\u2013vegetable, vegetable\u2013vegetable, orchard + cereal\u2013cereal, orchard + cereal\u2013vegetable, orchard + vegetable\u2013vegetable and pure orchard at four altitudinal gradients viz, 1,000\u20131,300, 1,300\u20131,600, 1,600\u20131,900 and 1,900\u20132,200 m above mean sea level and approximately 1 \u00b0C temperature gradient were assessed. The results revealed that different land use systems have significant influence on the production of above ground biomass, below ground biomass, carbon density and carbon mitigation potential. Maximum above ground biomass (75.64 Mg ha\u22121) and below ground biomass (23.60 Mg ha\u22121) was accumulated in orchard + cereal\u2013cereal system. Total biomass production of different land use systems in valley ecosystem followed the order of orchard + cereal\u2013cereal > orchard + cereal\u2013vegetable > orchard + vegetable\u2013vegetable > pure orchard > cereal\u2013cereal > cereal\u2013vegetable > vegetable\u2013vegetable. Rate of CO2 mitigation potential was maximum (7.81 Mg ha\u22121 year\u22121) in the orchard + cereal\u2013cereal based land use system situated at an altitudinal range of 1,900\u20132,200 m. Maximum carbon density (90.88 Mg ha\u22121) of both soil + plant was also observed in orchard + cereal\u2013cereal based land use systems at 1,300\u20131,600 m above mean sea level.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9788-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9788-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9788-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9788-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9812-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Microbial Biomass And Cellulase Activity In Soils Under Five Different Cocoa Production Systems In Alto Beni, Bolivia", "description": "Cocoa is one of the most important crops of the \u201cAlto Beni\u201d region in Bolivia. This crop is produced in different systems, among them monoculture and agroforestry. In order to determine the effect of the production system on microbiological soil characteristics, we measured microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and cellulase activity and we determined the microbial quotient in soil under five different cocoa production systems (conventional monoculture, organic monoculture, conventional agroforestry, organic agroforestry and successional agroforestry) and in fallow plots. The measurements were carried out in dry and rainy season. Soil from fallow plots and soil under agroforestry had higher microbial biomass than soils under monocultures, probably due to the effect of fresh organic matter input on microbial biomass. No significant difference for microbial biomass in soil from plots subjected to organic management and soil from plots subjected to conventional management was observed, possibly because of the short time elapsed from the initial establishment of the plots. In dry season, the microbial quotient showed a significantly higher value in soils under conventional agroforestry than in soils under organic monoculture, suggesting that besides the input of fresh organic matter, mineral fertilization may play a role on the fraction of available carbon. Cellulase activity was not affected by any of the factors tested, indicating that, under our assay conditions, it was not a good indicator of changes in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bolivia", "Nutrient turnover", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Crop husbandry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9812-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9812-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9812-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9812-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9834-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-30", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools In A Chronosequence Of Poplar (Populus Deltoides) Plantations In Alluvial Soils Of Punjab, India", "description": "Poplar based agroforestry system has the potential to make soil a net sink for carbon thereby attenuating CO2 load in the atmosphere and improving soil fertility and productivity. The sequestered soil carbon varies with land use system, age of tree plantations and other edaphic factors. We selected four sites with different duration of use as poplar plantation (6, 12, 18 and 24\u00a0years representing 1, 2, 3 and 4 cutting cycles) to study the temporal effects of poplar based agroforestry system on dynamics of carbon and nitrogen pools in comparison to rice\u2013wheat system. Soil samples were collected up to 45\u00a0cm depth at an interval of 15\u00a0cm each from farmers\u2019 fields in Punjab, India and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen pools. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased from 0.434 in 1 cutting cycle to 0.902\u00a0% in 4 cutting cycles in the surface soil layer. The SOC, total organic carbon and total carbon (TC) stock increased significantly from one to four cutting cycles of poplar. Among all treatments highest SOC and TC contents were observed under rice\u2013wheat sequence. Poplar plantation increased the total C content more effectively because higher duration of plantation resulted in accumulation of more recalcitrant carbon forms. The recalcitrant carbon stock increased from 3.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 1 cutting cycle to 6.41\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 in 4 cutting cycles in the surface layer. Ammonical, nitrate and total nitrogen also increased in the four cutting cycles of poplar. Redundancy analysis indicated positive correlation between TC and total nitrogen suggesting that a composite of soil indicators could better distinguish the influence of poplar cutting cycles on organic carbon and nitrogen pools. The long term adoption of poplar based agroforestry system suggests high carbon sequestration efficiency not only quantitatively but also qualitatively as indicated by the buildup of stable pools of carbon.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9834-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9834-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9834-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9834-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9845-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-12", "title": "The Introduction Of Hybrid Walnut Trees (Juglans Nigra X Regia Cv. Ng23) Into Cropland Reduces Soil Mineral N Content In Autumn In Southern France", "description": "The introduction of trees in cropland may be a way to improve the mineral nitrogen (N) use efficiency since tree roots can intercept N leached below the crop rooting zone and recycle it as organic N. The aim of this study was to determine soil mineral N (SMN) and total N (STN) contents after 14 years of hybrid walnut tree growth in an agroforestry system. Soil cores were collected and analyses in mid-autumn 2009, in intercropped agroforestry (AF), pure tree (FC) and sole crop control (CC) plots. The SMN was significantly reduced in AF compared to CC (64, 58 and 51 % of reduction at 0.2, 1 and 2 m depth respectively). In the top 1 m of soil, the stock of SMN was 77.7 kg N ha\u22121 in CC versus 32.8 kg N ha\u22121 in AF. Trees in AF developed deeper fine roots than in FC, likely involved in the reduction of SMN when compared to CC. Despite this quantitative reduction, trees also progressively modified the form of mineral N in soil by decreasing the percentage of nitrate (NO3 \u2212) in SMN, particularly in FC compared to CC, while AF was intermediate. The STN was not significantly different between AF and CC; but was higher in FC in the top soil, probably due to weeds and superficial tree root biomasses. Our results suggest that the introduction of hybrid walnut trees into cropland may be an efficient practice to reduce the potentially leachable N by winter rainfall.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "potential net N mineralization and nitrification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "hybrid walnut trees", "soil mineral", "N Total", "agroforestry systems", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9845-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9845-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9845-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9845-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9860-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-31", "title": "Soil And Tree Biomass Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Silvopastoral And Woodland-Pasture Systems In North East Scotland", "description": "Managing agricultural land for carbon sequestration becomes more important with rising needs for greenhouse gas mitigation measures. Woodland establishment in upland grasslands can be a carbon sink, but soil carbon losses have also been observed. Dedicated woodland plots and silvopasture are two contrasting strategies to achieve increased carbon stocks. We compared the carbon sequestration potential of the two approaches with three tree species (Hybrid Larch, Scots Pine and Sycamore) planted on permanent pasture on an upland farm in North East Scotland, 24\u00a0years after planting. Soil organic carbon was measured in the A (~0\u201330\u00a0cm) and B (~30\u201350) horizons. The soil carbon was also fractionated into labile, protected and resistant pools. Litter layers were measured and tree biomass carbon was estimated using allometric equations. We found that total soil carbon stocks (A plus B horizon) were similar and did not differ significantly between treatments, but for both coniferous species silvopasture tended to have the greater soil carbon stock followed by woodland, whereas Sycamore had the greater stock in the woodland treatment; pasture had the least carbon stock. Woodland stored more carbon in the labile fractions and litter layer than both pasture and silvopasture of all treatments, which had similar levels of stabilized carbon. Biomass per tree was significantly greater in the silvopasture treatments for all species, but on a per hectare basis woodland stored significantly more carbon. Land management comparison shows that large proportions of grassland would need to be converted to woodland to provide similar carbon benefits as the integrative silvopastoral system.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9860-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9860-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9860-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9860-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-05", "title": "Carbon Storage In Livestock Systems With And Without Live Fences Of Gliricidia Sepium In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico", "description": "Open AccessAgroforestry systems (AFS) play a major role in the sequestration of carbon (C). The objectives of this study were to quantify the organic C stocks in the above- and below-ground tree biomass and in the soil in a cattle-farming system with live fences (CFSLF) of Gliricidia sepium and to compare the levels with those of a cattle-farming system based on a grass monoculture (CFSGM). The methodology included a forest inventory in nine randomly assigned plots and the destructive sampling of G. sepium 32 trees, measuring for each tree the diameter at breast height (DBH), stem height, total tree height, branch weight, leaf weight and coarse root weight. In addition, we measured grass biomass, collected litterfall and collected soil samples at depths of 0\u201310, 10\u201320 and 20\u201330\u00a0cm in the plots. A logarithmic model was developed to quantify the above- and below-ground tree biomass. The soil organic matter was determined by the dry combustion method. The total carbon stored in the CFSLF was 119.82\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121, with the G. sepium trees contributing 5.7\u00a0% of the total C (6.48\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121). The CFSGM stored 113.34\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121. The grass biomass stored 15.32\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the CFSGM and 15.68\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 in the CFSLF, and the litterfall in the CFSLF stored 0.205\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Despite the modest contribution of G. sepium trees to the C storage, the total carbon accumulated in the CFSLF and CFSGM was similar.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Prediction equation", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Woody forage", "Grass monoculture", "Silvopastoral systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9836-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9851-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-09", "title": "Conversion Of Home Garden Agroforestry To Crop Fields Reduced Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks In Southern Ethiopia", "description": "The main objective of this study was to determine how the conversions of home gardens to mono-crop fields affect soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks. The study compared SOC and soil TN stocks in 7 paired sites of home gardens and converted mono-crop fields (khat and sugar cane; cultivated for 1\u201320\u00a0years after conversion) in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia. Except two recently converted mono-crop fields (1 and 4\u00a0years after conversion), most of converted mono-crop fields had significantly lower contents of SOC (18.3\u201347.1\u00a0%) and soil TN (14.9\u201345\u00a0%) compared to home gardens. Converted mono-crop fields over 10\u201320\u00a0years old showed significantly lower SOC stocks (18.2\u201330.2\u00a0%) and soil TN stocks (16.7\u201328.7\u00a0%) compared to home gardens. There was no significant relationship between the periods after conversion and the rate of decrease of SOC and TN stocks in the mono-crop fields. Study results show that conversion of home gardens to mono-crop fields decreases SOC and TN stocks. Further studies are needed to identify the major mechanisms causing the decrease and quantify the change of SOC and TN in different environment and climate conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9851-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9851-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9851-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9851-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10457-015-9865-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-15", "title": "Carbon Stock In Agroforestry Coffee Plantations With Different Shade Trees In Villa Rica, Peru", "description": "Agroforestry has become an important land use type in Central and South America. It is important to study agroforestry systems because of their ability to sequester carbon. This study investigates plantations that are located in the foothills of the Peruvian Andes, and it evaluates the aboveground and soil carbon storage of agroforestry coffee plantations with different dominant shading trees, including Inga spp., Pinus spp. (both 15\u00a0years old) and Eucalyptus spp. (7\u00a0years old). These agroforestry systems were also compared to a coffee plantation without shading trees. Biomass and carbon were estimated for trees and coffee shrubs using allometric equations. Soil (within depth of 30\u00a0cm) and litter carbon were estimated using field sampling and laboratory analyses. The total carbon stock for the site dominated by Inga spp. was 119.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, while for the sites dominated by Pinus spp. it was 177.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and for the site dominated by Eucalyptus spp. it was 162.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121. In the Sun coffee site the ecosystem carbon stock was 99.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.2\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121. Most carbon was fixed in the soil compartment (57\u201399\u00a0%), followed by aboveground tree biomass (23\u201332\u00a0%), tree belowground biomass (8\u20139\u00a0%), coffee shrubs (0.2\u20132\u00a0%) and litter (1\u00a0%).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9865-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10457-015-9865-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10457-015-9865-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10457-015-9865-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=1600&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=1600&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=1550", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0&offset=1650", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 17019, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T13:55:58.902003Z"}