{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-26", "title": "Effects of grazing exclusion on carbon sequestration and plant diversity in grasslands of China A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Widespread land degradation has strengthened the urgent need to restore overgrazing grasslands. China has implemented the program \u2018Returning Grazing Land to Grassland\u2019 (RGLG) through grazing exclusion by fence since 2003. Despite a lot of field experiments, there is still controversy on the effects of grazing exclusion on rangeland restoration, highlighting the need for synthetic analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis of 447 entries from 78 papers to analyze the spatiotemporal effects of grazing exclusion on plant diversity, productivity and soil carbon sequestration in the major RGLG-implemented provinces of China. Our results showed that, compared with the grazed sites, grazing exclusion significantly increased carbon stored in aboveground biomass, litter mass, belowground biomass and soils by 84.7%, 111.6%, 25.5% and 14.4%, respectively. Plant coverage, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 52.0%, 21.7% 22.8% and 26.3%, respectively. However, grazing exclusion had little effects on recovering plant diversity in China\u2019s grasslands. Of the factors examined, climatic factors strongly modified the effects of grazing exclusion on ecosystem carbon stocks, for example, precipitation significantly amplified the positive effects. Grazing exclusion played a positive role in soil carbon sequestration in most grassland types except in temperate desert-steppe. But annual soil carbon sequestration rates decayed rapidly over time in both alpine meadow and temperate steppe. Short-term (\u22645\u00a0years) grazing exclusion remarkably increased species richness, but not significantly in the long run. The threshold from neutral to negative effects of grazing exclusion on species evenness occurs after approximately ten years. Our findings provide evidence that grazing exclusion is an effective way to restore vegetation and sequestrate carbon in degraded grasslands, but not beneficial to plant diversity maintenance. The benefits of grazing exclusion are more effective in humid area than arid area. We suggest that grazing exclusion should be ceased after about six to ten years. Additionally, grazing exclusion should integrate with other appropriate management practices instead of operating on a stand-alone basis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-04", "title": "Thinning Method And Intensity Influence Long-Term Mortality Trends In A Red Pine Forest", "description": "Tree mortality shapes forest development, but rising mortality can represent lost production or an adverse response to changing environmental conditions. Thinning represents a strategy for reducing mortality rates, but different thinning techniques and intensities could have varying impacts depending on how they alter stand structure. We analyzed trends in stand structure, relative density, stand-scale mortality, climate, and correlations between mortality and climate over 46 years of thinning treatments in a red pine forest in Northern Minnesota, USA to examine how thinning techniques that remove trees of different crown classes interact with growing stock manipulation to impact patterns of tree mortality. Relative density in unharvested plots increased during the first 25 years of the study to around 80%, then began to plateau, but was lower (12-62%) in thinned stands. Mortality in unharvested plots claimed 2.5 times more stems yr\u22121 and 8.6 times as large a proportion of annual biomass increment during the last 21 years of the study compared to the first 25 years, but showed few temporal trends in thinned stands. Mortality in thinning treatments was generally lower than in controls, particularly during the last 21 years of the study when mortality averaged about 0.1% of stems yr \u22121 and 4% of biomass increment across thinning treatments, but 0.8% of stems yr \u22121 and 49% of biomass increment in unharvested plots. Treatments that combined thinning from above with low growing stock levels represented an exception, where mortality exceeded biomass production after initial thinning. Mortality averaged less than 0.1% of stems yr\u22121 and less than 1% of annual biomass production in stands thinned from below. These trends suggest thinning from below minimizes mortality across a wide range of growing stock levels while thinning from above to low growing stock levels can result in dramatic short-term increases in mortality. Moderate to high growing stock levels (21-34 m 2 ha \u22121 ) may offer greater flexibility for limiting mortality across a range of thinning methods. Mean and maximum annual and growing season temperatures rose by 0.6-1.8 \u25e6C during the study, and temperature variables were positively correlated with mortality in unharvested plots. Mortality increases in unharvested plots, however, were consistent with self-thinning principles and probably not driven by rising temperatures. These results suggest interactions between thinning method and intensity influence mortality reductions associated with thinning, and demonstrate the need for broader consideration of developmental processes as potential explanations for increased", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-02", "title": "Experimentally determined Si isotope fractionation between zircon and quartz", "description": "Abstract   The silicon isotope composition of detrital quartz and zircon have the potential to inform us about secular changes to the silica cycle and weathering reactions on Earth. However, inferring source melt Si isotope composition from out-of-context minerals is hampered by the fact that, to-date, there is limited Si isotope equilibrium fractionation data for minerals. Here, we report experimental data to constrain Si isotope equilibrium fractionation between zircon and quartz, using two fundamentally different strategies, but with the same experimental design. First, zircon and quartz were hydrothermally synthesized from Zr(OH)4 and SiO2 at 1.5\u202fGPa and temperatures of 725, 800, and 900\u202f\u00b0C. The second experimental strategy utilized the three-isotope method; the starting materials consisted of natural zircon and isotopically-labelled SiO2. Three sets of hydrothermal time-series experiments were conducted at the same pressure and temperatures as the direct synthesis experiments. For all experiments, quartz and zircon were separated and 30Si/28Si and 29Si/28Si ratios were measured by solution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The three-isotope method, which provides the best indicator of equilibrium fractionations, yields the following relationship:        \u0394   30   S  i   (  q  t  z  -  z  r  c  )   =   (  0.53  \u00b1  0.14  )   \u00d7    10   6   /    T   2       where \u039430Si(qtz-zrc) is the relative difference in 30Si/28Si between quartz and zircon in permil, T is temperature in K, and the error is 2\u202fs.e. This relationship can be used to calculate the fractionation between zircon and other phases, and to estimate the Si isotope composition of the melt from which a zircon crystallized. The results may be used to assess equilibrium-disequilibrium isotope fractionations between quartz and zircon and co-existing phases in igneous rocks. These data can also be applied to out-of-context zircon (and quartz) to estimate the isotope composition of the host rock. Zircons crystallizing from a melt derived from purely igneous sources \u2013 i.e., without the involvement of \u201cweathered\u201d material \u2013 are expected to display a \u03b430SiNBS-28 (permil deviation of the 30Si/28Si from the NBS-28 standard) range from \u22120.7 to \u22120.35\u2030. Deviations from this range indicate assimilation of non-igneous (i.e., sedimentary) material in the melt source.", "keywords": ["Zircon", "GE", "550", "NDAS", "Quartz", "Si isotopes", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Three-istope", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "Igneous", "Three-isotope", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Fractionation", "GE Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-08", "title": "Two Decades Of Low-Severity Prescribed Fire Increases Soil Nutrient Availability In A Midwestern, Usa Oak (Quercus) Forest", "description": "Abstract   For the last 23\u00a0years, low-severity prescribed fire has been used to decrease shade and fire tolerant tree species, increase oak ( Quercus  spp.), and increase herbaceous plant diversity in the East Woods of The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA. The impacts of these fires on the belowground ecosystem have yet to be measured. Soil (0 to 10\u00a0cm) and litter samples were collected 12, 19, and 24\u00a0months following the most recent fire on 40 plots in burned and un-burned control areas. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured and compared with vegetation composition and structure from these same plots. Compared to un-burned controls, burn plots had greater canopy openness, greater herbaceous richness, and a lower spring/summer herbaceous ratio. Burned plots had higher soil moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, Ca 2\u00a0+ , Mg 2\u00a0+ , K + , Na + , NO 3  \u2212 , total N, particulate organic matter (POM), total organic C, and potential N mineralization. Soil microbial biomass and respiration, texture, color, aggregate stability, and hydrophobicity were not different in burned compared to un-burned plots. Indices of litter and soil invertebrate diversity were also not affected by prescribed fire. Three stepwise least squares models predicted woody richness, herbaceous richness, and spring/summer herbs with aspect, litter invertebrate richness, and soil factors (pH, potential N mineralization, C/N ratio, Mg 2\u00a0+ , Bray P, and soil invertebrate Simpson index). These results confirm others showing prescribed fire to increase soil nutrient availability. Forest structural changes with fire appear correlated with soil nutrient availability. Decreased soil C, nutrient retention, invertebrate diversity, or increased hydrophobicity and the presence of exotic plants is often observed with high-severity fire; but, these negative impacts do not appear to be present with these long-term, low-severity fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K.A. Jacobs, Marlin L. Bowles, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, B. Nix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-24", "title": "Physical And Chemical Properties Of Soils Under Some Pi\u00f1on-Juniper-Oak Canopies In A Semi-Arid Ecosystem In New Mexico", "description": "Abstract   Pinon ( Pinus edulis )-juniper ( Juniperus monosperma )-ecosystems increased substantially in the western USA during the 20th century. Sustainability of these ecosystems primarily depends on soil quality and water availability. This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the effect of tree species on soil physical quality in a semi-arid region in the western part of Sugarite Canyon, northeast of Raton, Colfax County, NM (37\u00b056\u203232\u2033N and 104\u00b023\u203200\u2033W) USA. Three cores and three bulk soil samples were obtained from the site under the canopy of three juniper, Gambel oak ( Quercus gambelii ) and pinon trees for 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. These samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ), water stable aggregation (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and stocks. Sand content was greater under juniper (48%) than oak (32%), whereas clay content followed the opposite trend. The  \u03c1  b , WSA, MWD, pH and EC were similar under juniper, pinon, oak canopies for both depths. Estimated (from Philip and Green and Ampt infiltration models) and measured water infiltration parameters did not vary among these sites and were in accord with the values for  \u03c1  b , WSA and MWD. The SOC concentrations and stocks were greater under oak (43.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 0\u201310 and 37.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths) than pinon (23.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 0\u201310 and 18.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths). The TN concentrations were greater under oak (3.4\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) than pinon (1.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) for the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth only. Accumulation of detritus material under tree canopies reduced soil compaction and crusting caused by raindrop impact and increased SOC, and TN concentrations, and water infiltration. Coefficients of variation ranged from low to moderate for most soil properties except infiltration rate at 2.5\u00a0h, which was highly variable. Overall, soil quality for each site was good and soil aggregation, water infiltration and SOC concentrations were high, and soil  \u03c1  b  was low.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Clifton W. Meyer, Rattan Lal, Manoj K. Shukla, Michael H. Ebinger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Nitrate On Phosphomonoesterase Activities Between Carbon Source And Sink Tissues In Zostera Marina L.", "description": "Inorganic phosphorus (P;) is important in the regulation of many carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of plants. In this study, we examined alterations of phosphomonoesterase activity (PA; both alkaline and acid) in a submersed marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, grown in P i  non-limiting conditions under elevated temperature and/or nitrate enrichment. Control plants (ambient water-column NO 3  <2.5 \u03bcM, with weekly mean water temperatures between 26.5-27.0 \u00b0C based on a 20-yr data set in a local embayment) were compared to treated plants that were exposed to increased water-column nitrate (8 \u03bcM NO 3  above ambient, pulsed daily at 0900 h), and/or increased temperature (ca. 3 \u00b0C above weekly means) over eight weeks in late summer-fall. Under both nitrate regimes, increased temperature resulted in periodic increased leaf and root-rhizome tissue carbon content, and increased acid and alkaline PA activities (AcPAs and AlPAs, respectively). There was a positive correlation between A1PA and AcPA activities and sucrose synthase activities in belowground structures, and a negative correlation between A1PA activities and sucrose concentrations. There were also periodic changes in PA partitioning between carbon source and sink tissues. In high-temperature and high-nitrate treatments, AcPAs significantly increased in leaves relative to activities in root-rhizome tissues (up to 12-fold higher in aboveground than belowground tissues in as little as 3 weeks after initiation of treatments). These responses were not observed in control plants, which maintained comparable AcPA activities in above- and belowground tissues. In addition, A1PA activity was significantly higher in leaf than in root-rhizome tissues of plants in high-temperature (weeks 3 and 6) and high temperature combined with high nitrate treatments (week 8), relative to A1PA activities in control plants. The observed changes in PAs were not related to P, growth limitation, and may allow Z. marina to alter its carbon metabolism during periods of increased carbon demand/mobilization. This response would make it possible for Z. marina to meet short-term P requirements to maximize carbon production/allocation. Such a mechanism could help to explain the variability in PA activities that has been observed for many plant species during periods when environmental P i  exceeds requirements for optimal growth.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JoAnn M. Burkholder, Brant W. Touchette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Soil Fauna In Sheep-Grazed Hill Pastures Under Organic And Conventional Livestock Management And In An Adjacent Ungrazed Pasture", "description": "Abstract   Organic pasture management includes a focus on mixed livestock grazing, restrictions on nutrient inputs and livestock pest control. These are all factors which influence the environment of soil invertebrates. In this study, soil macrofauna, mesofauna and microfauna were collected from duplicate 11 and 20 year old organic and conventional legume-based sheep-grazed pasture systems. Pastures in both systems had received the same annual input of reactive phosphate rock and elemental sulphur and were stocked with the same numbers of sheep. The major difference between the two systems was absence of the chemical control of livestock pests on the organic system, resulting in lower sheep liveweights. Two ungrazed pastures which had not received any nutrient inputs for 20+ years were also sampled as part of the study to provide an additional contrast.  No significant differences in either the diversity or abundance of the soil invertebrate community were found between the organic and conventional systems, despite the use of chemicals in the conventional system. The lack of difference suggests that many of the observed and reported responses to organic management reflect altered nutrient inputs and grazing management (which were the same in the current study), rather than the cessation of chemical controls in the organic system. In contrast, the invertebrate community in the unfertilised, ungrazed pasture was distinctly different from both the grazed systems. The ungrazed pasture had a higher diversity with more New Zealand endemic species than the grazed pasture. This included twice as many large Oribatida as soil pore size increased. The lower litter quality from the lack of nutrient inputs in the ungrazed pasture was reflected in both lower earthworm abundance and the Nematode Channel Ratio (indicative of a higher proportion of fungal- than bacterial-feeding nematodes), than the grazed pasture.  We conclude that organic management when limited to a comparison of livestock pest control is not beneficial to soil invertebrates. Management practices such as stocking rates and fertiliser regime, by altering the soil physical environment and food resources, are more important in influencing invertebrate populations in this soil. Some would argue these altered management practices are an integral part of an organic production system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-11", "title": "Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Cycling In Subtropical Short-Hydroperiod Wetlands: Effects Of Precipitation And Restoration", "description": "In the event of increased frequency of extreme wet or dry events resulting from climate change, it becomes more important to understand the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) processes in ecosystems. Here, seasonal patterns of N cycling were characterized in subtropical wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Two restored sites and one reference site with different nutrient status, soil depth, and vegetation communities, were selected. Soil available N, microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and denitrification rates, enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured across the wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2011. In general, most N processes were significantly correlated with soil water contents (P<0.05) which reflected the precipitation regime. The lower elevation and shallower soil (2-3cm depth) at the restored site may contribute to their higher soil water contents compared to the reference site with ~10cm soil depth, which further led to the earlier peaks of microbial biomass at the two restored sites. Potential N mineralization was positively correlated with LAP at the restored sites whereas with NAG at the reference site (P<0.05), implying that different vegetation composition may provide varying substrates for soil microbes. The build-up of nitrate in the dry spring of 2011 induced a pulse of denitrification after rewetting by a sudden rainfall, implying the presence of a hot moment of denitrification during the dry-rewetting transition period. The decrease of MBC:MBN ratio from dry to wet season indicates a possible microbial composition shift from fungi to bacteria, shedding lights on the potential contribution of fugal groups to denitrification in the dry season. Our study highlight that even under the same climate regime, the small-scale variations could affect the seasonal patterns of N cycling.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-23", "title": "Soil Freezing Alters Fine Root Dynamics In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "The retention of nutrients within an ecosystem depends on temporal andspatial synchrony between nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, anddisruption of fine root processes can have dramatic impacts on nutrientretention within forest ecosystems. There is increasing evidence thatoverwinter climate can influence biogeochemical cycling belowground,perhaps by disrupting this synchrony. In this study, we experimentallyreduced snow accumulation in northern hardwood forest plots to examinethe effects of soil freezing on the dynamics of fine roots (< 1 mm diameter)measured using minirhizotrons. Snow removal treatment during therelatively mild winters of 1997\u20131998 and 1998\u20131999 induced mild freezingtemperatures (to \u22124 \u00b0C) lasting approximately three months atshallow soil depths (to \u221230 cm) in sugar maple and yellow birch stands.This treatment resulted in elevated overwinter fine root mortality in treatedcompared to reference plots of both species, and led to an earlier peak infine root production during the subsequent growing season. These shiftsin fine root dynamics increased fine root turnover but were not largeenough to significantly alter fine root biomass. No differences inmorality response were found between species. Laboratory tests on pottedtree seedlings exposed to controlled freezing regimes confirmed that mildfreezing temperatures (to \u22125 \u00b0C) were insufficient to directlyinjure winter-hardened fine roots of these species, suggesting that themarked response recorded in our forest plots was caused indirectly bymechanical damage to roots in frozen soil. Elevated fine root necromass intreated plots decomposed quickly, and may have contributed an excess fluxof about 0.5 g N/m2\u00b7yr, which is substantial relative tomeasurements of N fluxes from these plots. Our results suggest elevatedoverwinter mortality temporarily reduced fine root length in treatmentplots and reduced plant uptake, thereby disrupting the temporalsynchrony between nutrient availability and uptake and enhancing ratesof nitrification. Increased frequency of soil freezing events, as may occurwith global change, could alter fine root dynamics within the northernhardwood forest disrupting the normally tight coupling between nutrientmineralization and uptake.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013072519889"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1013072519889"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-21", "description": "Short-term improved fallow technology, which is characterised by deliberate planting of fast growing N2 fixing legumes species in rotation with crops is currently being promoted for soil fertility replenishment in the small holder farms in the tropics. Recent research and extension efforts on this technology have mainly focused on a narrow range of species. There is a need to evaluate more alternative species in order to diversify the options available to farmers and hence reduce the risks of over dependence on fewer species. We evaluated twenty-two shrubby and herbaceous species for their site adaptability, biomass and nutrient accumulation, biomass quality and maize yield response to soil incorporated plant biomass after the fallow (six and twelve months) in three different field experiments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox in western Kenya. Species which yielded large amounts ofthe most biomass N adequate for two to three maize crops were Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Tephrosia candida, Crotalaria grahamiana, Dodonea viscosa, Colopogonium mucunoides, Desmondium uncinatum, Glycine wightii and Macroptilium atropurpureum. Most fallow species tested recycled  10%) and polyphenol (>2%) concentrations. were found only in the shrubby species, and the (Ppolyphenol + lignin ): N ratio varied widely (0.3\u20135) amongst the species. evaluated. Maize yield increased by two-fold in the first season following the fallow phase compared with continuous maize for most species. Results suggest that there are a wide variety of legumes that could be used for use in improved fallow technologies aimed at ameliorating nutrient degraded soils and subsequently enhancing crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. Gathumbi, A.I. Niang, J. de Wolf, B.A. Amadalo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-26", "title": "The Role Of N2o Derived From Crop-Based Biofuels, And From Agriculture In General, In Earth'S Climate", "description": "<p>             In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N             2             O). We obtained an N             2             O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N             2             O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N             2             O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N             2             O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009             Nat. Geosci             .             2             , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO                            x                          deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N             2             O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Soil Warming And Co2 Enrichment Induce Biomass Shifts In Alpine Tree Line Vegetation", "description": "Abstract<p>Responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. We used an experiment at the Swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9\uffc2\uffa0years of free air CO2 enrichment (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm; 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) and 6\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming (+4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C; 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). The study contained two key tree line species, Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, both approximately 40\uffc2\uffa0years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. In 2012, we harvested and measured biomass of all trees (including root systems), above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground understorey vegetation and fine roots. Overall, soil warming had clearer effects on plant biomass than CO2 enrichment, and there were no interactive effects between treatments. Total plant biomass increased in warmed plots containing Pinus but not in those with Larix. This response was driven by changes in tree mass (+50%), which contributed an average of 84% (5.7\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of total plant mass. Pinus coarse root mass was especially enhanced by warming (+100%), yielding an increased root mass fraction. Elevated CO2 led to an increased relative growth rate of Larix stem basal area but no change in the final biomass of either tree species. Total understorey above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground mass was not altered by soil warming or elevated CO2. However, Vaccinium myrtillus mass increased with both treatments, graminoid mass declined with warming, and forb and nonvascular plant (moss and lichen) mass decreased with both treatments. Fine roots showed a substantial reduction under soil warming (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240% for all roots &lt;2\uffc2\uffa0mm in diameter at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth) but no change with CO2 enrichment. Our findings suggest that enhanced overall productivity and shifts in biomass allocation will occur at the tree line, particularly with global warming. However, individual species and functional groups will respond differently to these environmental changes, with consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Models", " Statistical", "Temperature", "Larix", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Tundra", "Switzerland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-24", "title": "Estimating The Uncertainty In Annual Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange: Spatial Variation In Turbulent Fluxes And Sampling Errors In Eddy-Covariance Measurements", "description": "Abstract<p>Above forest canopies, eddy covariance (EC) measurements of mass (CO2, H2O vapor) and energy exchange, assumed to represent ecosystem fluxes, are commonly made at one point in the roughness sublayer (RSL). A spatial variability experiment, in which EC measurements were made from six towers within the RSL in a uniform pine plantation, quantified large and dynamic spatial variation in fluxes. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) of the scalar fluxes decreased with increasing integration time, stabilizing at a minimum that was independent of further lengthening the averaging period (hereafter a \uffe2\uff80\uff98stable minimum\uffe2\uff80\uff99). For all three fluxes, the stable minimum (CV=9\uffe2\uff80\uff9311%) was reached at averaging times (\uffcf\uff84p) of 6\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83h during daytime, but higher stable minima (CV=46\uffe2\uff80\uff93158%) were reached at longer \uffcf\uff84p (&gt;12\uffe2\uff80\uff83h) during nighttime. To the extent that decreasing CV of EC fluxes reflects reduction in micrometeorological sampling errors, half of the observed variability at \uffcf\uff84p=30\uffe2\uff80\uff83min is attributed to sampling errors. The remaining half (indicated by the stable minimum CV) is attributed to underlying variability in ecosystem structural properties, as determined by leaf area index, and perhaps associated ecosystem activity attributes. We further assessed the spatial variability estimates in the context of uncertainty in annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE). First, we adjusted annual NEE values obtained at our long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observation tower to account for the difference between this tower and the mean of all towers from this experiment; this increased NEE by up to 55\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Second, we combined uncertainty from gap filling and instrument error with uncertainty because of spatial variability, producing an estimate of variability in annual NEE ranging from 79 to 127\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This analysis demonstrated that even in such a uniform pine plantation, in some years spatial variability can contribute \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% of the uncertainty in annual NEE estimates.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-19", "title": "Bioenergy Harvest, Climate Change, And Forest Carbon In The Oregon Coast Range", "description": "Abstract<p>Forests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of management and climate change on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90no harvesting on federal lands, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed.\uffc2\uffa0Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however,\uffc2\uffa0led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon dioxide mitigation", "Forest ecology -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range", "Forest biomass", "13. Climate action", "Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)", "Biomass energy", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Climatic change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-20", "title": "Functional Complementarity Of Douglas-Fir Ectomycorrhizas For Extracellular Enzyme Activity After Wildfire Or Clearcut Logging", "description": "Summary<p> 1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Clearcut logging results in major changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but whether this results in the loss of key functional traits, such as those associated with nutrient acquisition from soil organic matter, is unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the importance of resource partitioning in structuring ectomycorrhizal fungal communities following disturbance because most research on these communities has focussed on life history strategies. By studying functional traits, such as activities of enzymes involved in the catabolism of organic macromolecules in soil, we can determine whether a physiological potential for resource partitioning exists in pioneer ectomycorrhizal communities and whether severe disturbance affects these important ecosystem services.</p><p> 2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82We used activities of key hydrolytic enzymes in the ectomycorrhizospheres of Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir seedlings regenerating at clearcut sites as a functional trait to test whether these differed from those at recent wildfire sites or control forests. We sampled the most abundant types of ectomycorrhizas from 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90month\uffe2\uff80\uff90old seedlings from sites exposed to (i) low or (ii) high severity wildfire, (iii) sites that had been clearcut logged in the same year as the fire and (iv) sites that contained control stands of mature Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir. We expected differences in activities among ectomycorrhizas sampled from different disturbance treatments and among those formed by different fungal species.</p><p> 3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82In spite of large differences in soil chemistry, activities of acid phosphomonoesterase, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosaminidase and \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, when averaged among the ectomycorrhizas sampled per site, were not affected by disturbance agent. However, activities varied up to sixfold among mycorrhizospheres of different fungal species on the same seedling. Multivariate analysis also indicated some consistent differences in enzyme profiles among ectomycorrhizas formed by specific fungal species, independent of treatment.</p><p> 4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The finding that ectomycorrhizal fungal communities exposed to different disturbance agents are functionally similar with respect to the activities of three mycorrhizosphere enzymes supports the conclusion that complementarity exists among ectomycorrhizal fungi. The substantial physiological diversity among ectomycorrhizal fungi at the scale of an individual seedling\uffe2\uff80\uff99s root tips, especially at control mature forests, indicates the potential for resource partitioning within the ectomycorrhizal community and access to a wider range of nutrient sources by each seedling.</p><p> 5.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Functional similarity among ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across a disturbance severity gradient suggests that dry interior Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir forests are resilient to severe disturbances such as high severity wildfire and clearcutting with forest floor removal. Moreover, our results suggest that current harvesting practices emulate natural disturbances with respect to site\uffe2\uff80\uff90level mycorrhizosphere enzyme activity. The large variation in activity among fungal species, however, indicates that a substantial simplification of the fungal community through other perturbations, as expected with climate change, has the potential to affect ecosystem function.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract<p>Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x04-063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-08", "title": "Loss And Recovery Of Ecosystem Carbon Pools Following Stand-Replacing Wildfire In Michigan Jack Pine Forests", "description": "<p> We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following 'gamma' function: total ecosystem C (Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1) = 112.2 &#150; 39.6 \uffc3\uff97 age0.351 \uffc3\uff97 exp(&#150;0.053 \uffc3\uff97 age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x04-063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x04-063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x93-128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Selected Forest Management-Practices On Environmental Parameters Related To Successional Development On The Tanana River Floodplain, Interior Alaska", "description": "<p> Two mature floodplain white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) ecosystems (stage VIII) located on islands in the Tanana River, approximately 20\uffe2\uff80\uff82km southwest of Fairbanks, Alaska, were clear-cut during the winter of 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931986 to quantify the effects of clear-cutting on selected environmental characteristics. Clearings in earlier successional stages (poplar\uffe2\uff80\uff93alder (Populus\uffe2\uff80\uff93Alnus), stage V; and open willow (Salix), stage III) were used to contrast the environmental parameters with the earlier stages found in the primary successional sequence. After clear-cutting, total radiation at the soil surface increased to early successional stage III levels. Potential evaporation from the soil surface increased 5-fold as a result of clearing in the stage VIII sites and was substantially greater than that found in the stage III sites by other researchers. Clearing had relatively little effect on air temperature. The concentration of P and K was significantly lower in the forest floor of both clearcuts, and the concentration of C was significantly higher at VIII-A-T (stage VIII\uffe2\uff80\uff93site A\uffe2\uff80\uff93treated (cleared) plot) when compared with the control stands. There was a decrease in total forest floor biomass at both clear-cut plots. Organic matter, total N, available NH4 and P, and extractable Mg and K all decreased after cutting, whereas pH increased. Decomposition of spruce foliage on the forest floor surface was slower in the clearcuts. Nitrogen immobilization occurred during the first 2 years of decomposition. During the third year it appeared that some mineralization was beginning to occur but the levels were very low, averaging only 3\uffe2\uff80\uff82mg N per bag in the clear-cut areas. Plant growth analysis indicated that growth was limited by high mineral soil salt content in the early successional stages (III) and that this limitation was species specific. Balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.) appears to be more tolerant of the high cation content of the stage III sites compared with trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). By the time successional development has progressed to stage V, the soil has been sufficiently augmented by the inclusion of organic matter from the developing vegetation and the fixation of N by alder to result in higher seedling growth rates in the cleared areas. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John Yarie", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x93-128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x93-128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-20", "title": "Tundra greenness", "description": "Physical and Space Geodesy", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "[SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/101/8/bamsD200086.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-03", "title": "Influence Of Rainfall, Type Of Range, And Brush Management On Abundance Of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus Virginianus) In Southern Texas", "description": "Assessing numerical response of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to habitat improvement in semi-arid rangeland often is confounded by responses of populations to highly variable patterns of rainfall. During 2 years of above-average rainfall, we investigated abundance of northern bobwhites relative to type of range and treatments to reduce brush on seven ranches in southern Texas. We expected response of populations to treatment of land to be more evident when northern bobwhites were released from constraints of low precipitation. However, main factors dominating abundance were rainfall during the previous growing season and type of range. Greatest numbers of calls were in mid- productivity rangeland (potential production of forage 2,000-3,900 kg/ha), especially sandy loam, clay loam, sandy, and gravelly ridge. Treatments to reduce brush increased abundance of northern bobwhites to a limited extent and were most effective when large blocks of land were treated. Techniques that kill brush (root-plowing) were more successful in increasing populations than top- removal methods (roller-chopping). Leaving strips or mottes (large clumps of living brush and trees) in cleared areas did not enhance populations, although we caution that retaining some brush cover may be important to survival of northern bobwhites in drier years and in situations where herbaceous cover is less abundant. RESUMEN\u2014Determinar la respuesta numerica de codornices nortenas (Colinus virginianus )at ecnicas para mejorar el habitat en pastizales semiaridos es confundido por las respuestas poblacionales a patrones altamente variables de precipitacion. Durante dos anos de precipitacion ma alta que la media, investigamos la abundancia de codornices con respecto al tipo de pastizal y tratamientos para reducir arbustos en siete ranchos en el sur de Texas. Esperamos la respuesta de la poblacion al tratamiento de la tierra ser mas evidente cuando las codornices fueron liberadas de los apremios de baja precipitacion. Sin embargo, los factores mas dominantes para determinar la abundancia fueron la precipitacion durante la estacion de crecimiento anterior y el tipo de pastizal. Mas silbidos fueron registrados en los pastizales de productividad mediana (produccion de forraje potencial de 2.000-3.900 kg/ha), especialmente en pastizales con suelos marga-arenosos, marga-arcillosos, arenosos, y pastizales en bordes pedregosos. Tratamientos para reducir arbustos aumentaron la abundancia de codornices a un grado limitado y fueron mas eficaces cuando terrenos grandes fueron tratados. Los tratamientos de remocion de arbustos (remocion de rao \u00b4ces) fueron mas exitosos para incrementar la poblacion que los metodos de remocion superior (la eliminacion de biomasa aerea). Dejando bandas o grandes grupos de arbustos y arboles en areas despejadas no mejorolas poblaciones, aunque consideramos importante indicar que retener alguna cobertura arbustiva podro \u00b4a ser importante para la supervivencia de codornices en anos mas secos y en situaciones donde la cobertura herbacea es menor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Susan M. Cooper, James C. Cathey, D. Lang Alford, Shane S. Sieckenius,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Southwestern%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/08-106.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-22", "title": "Land Use Influences Carbon Fluxes In Northern Kazakhstan", "description": "A mobile, closed-chamber system (CC) was used to measure carbon and water fluxes on four land-use types common in the Kazakh steppe ecoregion. Land uses represented crop (wheat or barley, WB), abandoned land (AL), crested wheatgrass (CW), and virgin land (VL). Measurements were conducted during the growing season of 2002 in northern Kazakhstan at three locations (blocks) 15\u201320 km apart. The CC allowed the measurement of the carbon flux components of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (RE) and soil respiration (RS), together with evapotranspiration (ET). Nonlinear regression analyse sw ere used to model gross primary production (GPP) and ET as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (Q); RE and RS were modeled based on air (Tair) and soil (Ts) temperature, respectively. GPP, RE, RS, and ET were estimated for the entire year with the use of continuous 20-min means of Q, Tair, and Ts. Annual NEE indicated that AL gained 536 g CO2 ? m 22 , WB lost 2 191 g CO2 ? m 22 , CW was near equilibrium (2 14 g CO2 ? m 22 ), and VL exhibited considerable carbon accumulation (153 g CO2 ? m 22 ). The lower GPP values of the land-use types dominated by native species (CW and VL) compared to WB and AL were compensated by positive NEE values that were maintained during a longer growing season. As expected, VL and CW allocated a larger proportion of their carbon assimilates belowground. Non\u2013growing-season RE accounted for about 19% of annual RE in all land-use types. The results of this landscape-level study suggest that carbon lost by cultivation of VLs is partially being restored when fields are left uncultivated, and that VLs are net sinks of carbon. Estimations of carbon balances have important management implications, such as estimation of ecosystem productivity and carbon credit certification. Resumen", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "abandoned fields", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/08-106.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/08-106.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/08-106.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2265779", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Responses Of A C-4 Grass And Three C-3 Forbs To Variation In Nitrogen And Light In Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "<p>In tallgrass prairie, high plant species diversity results not from a large number of grass species, but from a large number of forb (nongrass, herbaceous) species. Forbs exhibit morphological, life history, and ecophysiological characteristics that contrast sharply with those of the dominant C4 grasses. Success of the subdominant forbs varies strongly with topographic position and burning regime, and landscape scale patterns of abundance are well documented. But comparatively little is known about the mechanisms determining these patterns in persistent tallgrass prairie forbs. To elucidate these mechanisms, (1) leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff94level physiological characteristics of the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and four co\uffe2\uff80\uff94occurring C3 forbs were measured in response to natural and experimentally manipulated gradients of N availability, and (2) seasonal light environments of forbs in contrasting topographic positions and burning regimes and their morphological and physiological responses in these environments were compared to determine whether resource availability and utilization patterns contributed to patterns of forb distribution and abundance. The effects of burning regime and topographic position on maximum rate of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) measured at the leaf level were not consistent with patterns of forb abundance. Nitrogen did not appear to limit forb physiological processes, even though increased N availability resulted in higher tissue N concentrations and greater biomass. There was no consistent increase in (A) or decrease in (g) in response to fertilization. However, (A) at low light levels was as much as 67% higher in fertilized Vernonia baldwinii and A. gerardii compared to unfertilized plants. Greater light availability to forbs in the canopy was associated with lower grass biomass production in uplands compared to lowlands and in unburned compared to burned sites. Forbs did not appear to adjust morphologically (leaf area and plant height) to different light environments at different sites. As a result, as much as 90% of forb leaf area in the burned lowland was displayed in low light, whereas as little as 30% of forb leaf area was in low light in the uplands at midseason. Estimates of potential whole\uffe2\uff80\uff94plant carbon uptake, based on leaf area distribution relative to available light and (A) as a function of light availability, agreed well with patterns of forb abundance and production. Differences in light availability may account for much of the variability in forb abundance related to burning regime and topographic position by limiting carbon gain in forbs more in burned lowlands than in other sites.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. L. Turner, Alan K. Knapp,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2265779", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2265779", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2425415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-24", "title": "The Effect Of Nitrogen-Fertilization On The Production Of Halophytes In An Inland Salt-Marsh", "description": "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on plant production, soil and plant nitrogen content, and species distribution in an Ohio salt marsh was analyzed. Seasonal measurements indicate that the three dominant species attained maximal production at different times during the growing season. Production of Salicornia europaea increased with nitrogen fertilization and it appears that reduced soil nitrogen concentrations may be responsible for the different growth forms of S. europaea found in this marsh. Shoot nitrogen concentrations of S. europaea were inversely related to the growth response to fertilization. High tissue nitrogen concentrations in Hordeum jubatum and Atriplex triangularis suggest that some factor other than nitrogen is limiting to these species. INTRODUCTION A number of studies concerning production of plants in coastal salt marsh ecosystems suggest that productivity may be limited by availability of nitrogen (Tyler, 1967; Pigott, 1969; Stewart et al., 1972, 1973; Valiela and Teal, 1974; Gallagher, 1975; Patrick and Delaune, 1976; Mendelssohn, 1979b; Haines, 1979). Smart and Barko (1980) showed that although biomass was ultimately determined by the availability of nitrogen, growth rate was affected by the salinity of the sediments. Other effects of nitrogen fertilization on coastal salt marsh vegetation include: increased allocation of resources to sexual reproduction (Jefferies and Perkins, 1977), increased levels of nitrogen in the plant material (Buresh et al., 1980; Pigott, 1969) and a change in the distribution of plants in the salt marsh (Valiela et al., 1975). While these studies suggest that nitrogen may be an important limiting factor in the productivity of coastal marshes, no studies have been done to ascertain if this is true in inland salt marshes. Studies of plant production from inland saline areas (Hadley and Buccos, 1967, Hadley, 1970) have either not examined it in relation to nitrogen limitation, or else have concentrated on the response to nitrogen additions of a single species when grown under greenhouse conditions (Cords, 1960). Lack of tidal action and differences in species composition preclude the assumption that coastal and inland salt marshes respond similarly tonitrogen addition. The Atlantic coastal marshes of the United States are generally characterized by a bay-to-upland sequence of zones consisting of perennial grasses in the low marsh, giving way to annual succulents in the higher portions of the marsh (Niering and Warren, 1980). In an Ohio salt marsh this vegetational pattern was reversed. The annual species Salicornia europaea and Atriplex triangularis form two zones bordering the center of the saline pan with the perennial grass Hordeumjubatum occurring on the outer edge of the marsh, in the area of lower salinity (Ungar et al., 1979). The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal change in plant production, the effect of the nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen fertilization on plant production in an inland salt marsh and to determine if nitrogen deficiencies are responsible for the difference in the growth forms of Salicornia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study area is a saline pan located at the site of the Morton Salt Company, in the city of Rittman, Wayne Co., Ohio (long. 810 47' 30', lat. 400 57' 30':SW?4 Sec 12, T 18N, R 13W). Three vegetation zones characterize the site: a Hordeum jubatum zone, an Atriplex triangularis zone and a zone of Salicornia europaea that was divided into", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Irwin A. Ungar, David G. Loveland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Midland%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2425415", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2425415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-22", "title": "Interannual and Seasonal Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compound Fluxes From the Boreal Forest Floor", "description": "In the northern hemisphere, boreal forests are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which drive atmospheric processes and lead to cloud formation and changes in the Earth's radiation budget. Although forest vegetation is known to be a significant source of BVOCs, the role of soil and the forest floor, and especially interannual variations in fluxes, remains largely unknown due to a lack of long-term measurements. Our aim was to determine the interannual, seasonal and diurnal dynamics of boreal forest floor volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes and to estimate how much they contribute to ecosystem VOC fluxes. We present here an 8-year data set of forest floor VOC fluxes, measured with three automated chambers connected to the quadrupole proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (quadrupole PTR-MS). The exceptionally long data set shows that forest floor fluxes were dominated by monoterpenes and methanol, with relatively comparable emission rates between the years. Weekly mean monoterpene fluxes from the forest floor were highest in spring and in autumn (maximum 59 and 86 \u03bcg m-2 h-1, respectively), whereas the oxygenated VOC fluxes such as methanol had highest weekly mean fluxes in spring and summer (maximum 24 and 79 \u03bcg m-2 h-1, respectively). Although the chamber locations differed from each other in emission rates, the inter-annual dynamics were very similar and systematic. Accounting for this chamber location dependent variability, temperature and relative humidity, a mixed effects linear model was able to explain 79-88% of monoterpene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde fluxes from the boreal forest floor. The boreal forest floor was a significant contributor in the forest stand fluxes, but its importance varies between seasons, being most important in autumn. The forest floor emitted 2-93% of monoterpene fluxes in spring and autumn and 1-72% of methanol fluxes in spring and early summer. The forest floor covered only a few percent of the forest stand fluxes in summer.", "keywords": ["VOC EMISSIONS", "Plant Science", "ATMOSPHERIC OH", "01 natural sciences", "forest floor", "SB1-1110", "MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS", "vegetation", "biogenic volatile organic compound", "11. Sustainability", "SCOTS PINE", "EXCHANGE", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "decomposition", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "seasonality", "temperature", "Plant culture", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "SOIL", "MODEL", "Environmental sciences", "flux", "13. Climate action", "PTR-TOF", "METHANOL"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00191"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2019.00191", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2019.00191"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13061133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-16", "title": "Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study aims to evaluate a remote sensing-based approach to allow estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements over irrigated areas in semi-arid regions. The method is based on the daily step FAO-56 Soil Water Balance model combined with a time series of basal crop coefficients and the fractional vegetation cover derived from high-resolution satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. The model was first calibrated and validated at plot scale using ET measured by eddy-covariance systems over wheat fields and olive orchards representing the main crops grown in the study area of the Haouz plain (central Morocco). The results showed that the model provided good estimates of ET for wheat and olive trees with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.56 and 0.54 mm/day respectively. The model was then used to compare remotely sensed estimates of irrigation requirements (RS-IWR) and irrigation water supplied (WS) at plot scale over an irrigation district in the Haouz plain through three growing seasons. The comparison indicated a large spatio-temporal variability in irrigation water demands and supplies; the median values of WS and RS-IWR were 130 (175), 117 (175) and 118 (112) mm respectively in the 2002\u20132003, 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132009 seasons. This could be attributed to inadequate irrigation supply and/or to farmers\u2019 socio-economic considerations and management practices. The findings demonstrate the potential for irrigation managers to use remote sensing-based models to monitor irrigation water usage for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "FAO-56 soil water balance", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Science", "water", "Q", "evapotranspiration", "balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "irrigation", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "remote sensing", "evapotranspiration; irrigation; water; remote sensing; FAO-56 soil water balance; NDVI time series", "FAO-56 soil water", "NDVI time series"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1133/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13061133", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13061133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13061133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su12051962", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-04", "title": "Transitioning European Protein-Rich Food Consumption and Production towards More Sustainable Patterns\u2014Strategies and Policy Suggestions", "description": "<p>Global and European diets have shifted towards greater consumption of animal proteins. Recent studies urge reversals of these trends and call for a rapid transition towards adoption of more plant-based diets. This paper explored mechanisms to increase the production and consumption of plant-proteins in Europe by 2030, using participatory backcasting. We identified pathways to the future (strategies), as well as interim milestones, barriers, opportunities and actions, with key European stakeholders in the agri-food chain. Results show that four strategies could be implemented to achieve the desired future: increased research and development, enriched consumer education and awareness, improved and connected supply and value chains and public policy supports. Actions needed to reach milestones were required immediately, reinforcing the need for urgent actions to tackle the protein challenge. This study concretely detailed how idealized dietary futures can be achieved in a real-world context. It can support EU protein transition by informing policy makers and the broader public on potential ways to move towards a more sustainable plant-based future. The outputs of this analysis have the potential to be combined with dietary scenarios to develop more temporally explicit models of future dietary changes and how to reach them.</p>", "keywords": ["future", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultura", "pathways", "food security", "01 natural sciences", "stakeholders", "Econom\u00eda", "12. Responsible consumption", "sustainable agriculture", "meat substitutes", "Medio Ambiente", "plant protein", "13. Climate action", "backcasting", "value chain", "meat substitution", "europe", "diet", "plant proteins", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1962/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/5/1962/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051962"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su12051962", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su12051962", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su12051962"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "<p> In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/amt-2021-82", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-22", "title": "An automated system for trace gas \ufb02ux measurements from plantfoliage and other plant compartments", "description": "<p>Abstract. Plant shoots can act as sources or sinks of trace gases including methane and nitrous oxide. Accurate measurementsof these trace gas fluxes require enclosing of shoots in closed non-steady state chambers. Due to plant physiological activity, this type of enclosures, however, lead to CO2 depletion in the enclosed air volume, condensation of transpired water, and warmingof the enclosures exposed to sunlight, all of which may bias the flux measurements. Here, we present PlasTraGAS, ab novel measurement system designed for continuous and automated measurements of trace gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes from plant shoots. The system uses transparent shoot enclosures equipped with Peltier cooling elements and automatically replaces fixated CO2 and removes transpired water from the enclosure. The system is designed for measuring trace gasfluxes over extended periods, capturing diurnal and seasonal variations and linking trace gas exchange to plant physiologicalfunctioning and environmental drivers. Initial measurements show daytime CH4 emissions two pine shoots of 0.056 and 0.089 nmol g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 foliage d.w.h\uffe2\uff88\uff921or 7.80 and 13.1 nmol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Simultaneously measured CO2 uptake rates were 9.2 and 7.6 mmol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 sec\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and transpiration rates of 1.24 and 0.90 mol m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Concurrent measurement of VOC emissionsdemonstrated that potential effects of spectral interferences on CH4 flux measurements were at least ten-fold smaller than themeasured CH4 fluxes. Overall, this new system solves multiple technical problems that so far prevented automated plant shoottrace gas flux measurements, and holds the potential for providing important new insights into the role of plant foliage in the global CH4 and N2O cycles.                         </p>", "keywords": ["Earthwork. Foundations", "13. Climate action", "TA715-787", "Environmental engineering", "TA170-171", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Geosciences", "EMISSIONS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/14/4445/2021/amt-14-4445-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-82"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Measurement%20Techniques", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/amt-2021-82", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/amt-2021-82", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/amt-2021-82"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-11", "title": "Meta-analysis of high-latitude nitrogen-addition and warming studies implies ecological mechanisms overlooked by land models", "description": "<p>Abstract. Accurate representation of ecosystem processes in land models is crucial for reducing predictive uncertainty in energy and greenhouse gas feedbacks with the climate. Here we describe an observational and modeling meta-analysis approach to benchmark land models, and apply the method to the land model CLM4.5 with two versions of belowground biogeochemistry. We focused our analysis on the aboveground and belowground responses to warming and nitrogen addition in high-latitude ecosystems, and identified absent or poorly parameterized mechanisms in CLM4.5. While the two model versions predicted similar soil carbon stock trajectories following both warming and nitrogen addition, other predicted variables (e.g., belowground respiration) differed from observations in both magnitude and direction, indicating that CLM4.5 has inadequate underlying mechanisms for representing high-latitude ecosystems. On the basis of observational synthesis, we attribute the model\uffe2\uff80\uff93observation differences to missing representations of microbial dynamics, aboveground and belowground coupling, and nutrient cycling, and we use the observational meta-analysis to discuss potential approaches to improving the current models. However, we also urge caution concerning the selection of data sets and experiments for meta-analysis. For example, the concentrations of nitrogen applied in the synthesized field experiments (average = 72 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) are many times higher than projected soil nitrogen concentrations (from nitrogen deposition and release during mineralization), which precludes a rigorous evaluation of the model responses to likely nitrogen perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate that elucidating ecological mechanisms via meta-analysis can identify deficiencies in ecosystem models and empirical experiments.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-2020-359", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:39Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2020-12-08", "title": "Mineral element stocks in the Yedoma domain: a first assessment in ice-rich permafrost regions", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. With permafrost thaw, significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) previously stored in frozen deposits are unlocked and become potentially available for microbial mineralization. This is particularly the case in ice-rich regions such as the Yedoma domain. Excess ground ice degradation exposes deep sediments and their OC stocks, but also mineral elements, to biogeochemical processes. Interactions of mineral elements and OC play a crucial role for OC stabilization and the fate of OC upon thaw, and thus regulate carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In addition, some mineral elements are limiting nutrients for plant growth or microbial metabolic activity. A large ongoing effort is to quantify OC stocks and their lability in permafrost regions, but the influence of mineral elements on the fate of OC or on biogeochemical nutrient cycles has received less attention. The reason is that there is a gap of knowledge on the mineral element content in permafrost regions. Here, we use a portable X-ray fluorescence device (pXRF) to provide (i) the first large-scale Yedoma domain Mineral Concentrations Assessment (YMCA) dataset (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922724; Monhonval et al., in review), and (ii) estimates of mineral element stocks in never thawed (since deposition) ice-rich Yedoma permafrost and previously thawed and partly refrozen Alas deposits. The pXRF method for mineral element quantification is non-destructive and offers a complement to the classical dissolution and measurement by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in solution. This allowed a mineral element concentration (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr and Zr) assessment on 1292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain with lower analytical effort and affordable costs relative to the classical ICP-OES method. pXRF measured concentrations were calibrated using standard alkaline fusion and ICP-OES measurements on a subset of 144 samples (R2 from 0.725 to 0.996). The results highlight that (i) the most abundant mineral element in the Yedoma domain is Si (2739\u2009\u00b1\u2009986\u2009Gt) followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zr, Sr, and Zn, and that (ii) Al and Fe (598\u2009\u00b1\u2009213 and 288\u2009\u00b1\u2009104\u2009Gt) are present in the same order of magnitude than OC (327\u2013466\u2009Gt).</p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-359"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-2020-359", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-2020-359", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-2020-359"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:42Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2021-02-06", "title": "Controls on heterotrophic soil respiration and carbon cycling in geochemically distinct African tropical forest soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Heterotrophic soil respiration is an important component of the global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, driven by environmental factors acting from local to continental scales. For tropical Africa, these factors and their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, using samples collected along strong topographic and geochemical gradients in the East African Rift Valley, we study how soil chemistry and soil fertility, derived from the geochemical composition of soil parent material, can drive soil respiration even after many millennia of weathering and soil development. To address the drivers of soil respiration, we incubated soils from three regions with contrasting geochemistry (mafic, felsic, and mixed sedimentary) sampled along slope gradients. For three soil depths, we measured the potential maximum heterotrophic respiration under stable environmental conditions as well as the radiocarbon content (\u039414C) of the bulk soil and respired CO2. We found that soil microbial communities were able to mineralize C from fossil as well as other poor quality C sources under laboratory conditions representative of tropical topsoils. Furthermore, despite similarities in terms of climate, vegetation, and the size of soil C stocks, soil respiration showed distinct patterns with soil depth and parent material geochemistry. The topographic origin of our samples was not a main determinant of the observed respiration rates and \u039414C. In situ, however, soil hydrological conditions likely influence soil C stability by inhibiting decomposition in valley subsoils. Our study shows that soil fertility conditions are the main determinant of C stability in tropical forest soils. Further, in the presence of organic carbon sources of poor quality or the presence of strong mineral related C stabilization, microorganisms tend to discriminate against these sources in favor of more accessible forms of soil organic matter as energy sources, resulting in a slower rate of C cycling. Our results demonstrate that even in deeply weathered tropical soils, parent material has a long-lasting effect on soil chemistry that can influence and control microbial activity, the size of subsoil C stocks, and the turnover of C in soil. Soil parent material and its lasting control on soil chemistry need to be taken into account to understand and predict C stabilization and rates of C cycling in tropical forest soils.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/soil-2020-96", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/soil-2020-96"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:20:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8089699", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8089699"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5846/stxb201201140085", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-23", "description": "Typical steppe is a type of grassland which forms in inland temperate semi-arid climatic conditions,where xerophytic perennial bush grasses,especially Stipa spp.,dominate.Grassland ecosystems are one of the largest terrestrial ecosystems affected by human activities.It is important to study the impact of different types of disturbance on the biodiversity and biomass of grasslands ecosystems during restoration and reconstruction work.Exclosures,grazing,fertilization and burning are four major types of anthropogenic disturbance occurring in grassland ecosystems,and have very important impacts on them.To provide a scientific basis for the protection of grassland biodiversity and the sustainable use of grasslands,the influences of different disturbances on the characteristics of above-ground vegetation were studied in a typical steppe in the loess region of China based on the field investigation and monitoring.We established plots representing four different types of treatments: exclosure(E),exclosure plus fertilization(EF),exclosure plus burning(EB) and grazing(G).All plots had the same soil type,topography and hydrological conditions.During the entire experiment,we determined total coverage,vegetation height,individual density,aboveground biomass and diversity of the plant community in each plot.Our results show the dominant vegetation community type of G plots is Agropyron cristatum+Potentilla acaulis+Artemisia sacrorum,a community which is the result of long-term grazing.The dominant vegetation community type of the E plots is Stipa grandis+Poa sphondylodes+Medicago ruthenica,a result of fencing.The dominant vegetation community type of the EF plots is Carex duriuscula+Stipa bungeana+Stipa grandis.The dominant vegetation community type of the EB plots is Artemisia sacrorum+Stipa bungeana+Stipa grandis.The different disturbance regimes strongly influenced community diversity and biomass.To be more specific,total coverage,above-ground biomass and the dominance indices were all at the highest level in the EF treatments in four types of treatments.This may attributed to grass species which play a dominant role in this community.Also,with low evenness and diversity indices,this result was consistent with niche theory which states differences among species in their environmental tolerances,niche requirements,and competitive abilities determine coexistence.Total coverage,height and aboveground biomass were all lowest for the G treatment,while community richness and diversity indices were higher for G than other three treatments.This result supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis which states that biodiversity will be greatest in communities subjected to moderate levels of disturbance.Only the individual density and evenness index was higher with the E treatment than with the other treatments.Thus we can document the trend for biomass as EF EB E G.These demonstrate long-term exclosure is a severe type of disturbance in grassland ecosystems.Also,the community richness indices(R and Ma) showed a certain tendency within these four treatments: G EF EB E and community evenness indices(Jsw and Ea) could be sequenced in the order of E G EB EF.Meanwhile,the order of diversity indices(H\u2032 and D) was as follows: G E EB EF,while the dominance index was opposite the order of diversity index.Finally,there was negative correlation between community productivity and Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices,which can be explained by interactions between root and shoot competition.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201201140085"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Ecologica%20Sinica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5846/stxb201201140085", "name": "item", "description": "10.5846/stxb201201140085", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5846/stxb201201140085"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11586/391728", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-22", "title": "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives", "description": "Abstract   Olive trees are iconic to the Mediterranean landscape and in recent times, have expanded to other regions across the globe that share similar climatic conditions. Olive oil production benefits from irrigation, but with a changing climate and uncertainty in precipitation patterns, wastewaters will likely play a larger role supplementing irrigation water requirements. However, due to their relatively poor quality, wastewaters present challenges for sustained long-term use in olive production. Wastewaters include all effluents from municipalities, agricultural drainage, animal production facilities, agricultural processing and industrial processes. This review focuses on potential opportunities and limitations of sustaining olive oil production in the Mediterranean region using wastewater of various sources. The primary challenges for using such wastewaters include concerns related to salinity, sodicity, metals and trace elements, nutrients, organics, and pathogens. Organics and plant nutrients in the effluents are typically beneficial but depend on dosages.  Many studies have shown that saline wastewaters have been successfully used to irrigate olives in Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan and Tunisia. Still, olive varieties and rootstocks have different tolerances to salinity and could respond differently and oil quality may improve or be compromised. Salts and trace elements need to be monitored in plants and soil to make sure accumulation does not continue from year to year and that soil physical conditions are not affected. Some food industries generate effluents with suitable characteristics for irrigation but one must balance the benefits (e.g. addition of nutrients), detriments (e.g. addition of salts or other limiting chemicals) and costs when determining the feasibility and practicality of reuse. Long-term accumulation of trace elements and metals will likely limit the feasibility of using industrial-originating effluents without treatment processes that would remove the toxic constituents prior to reuse. Therefore, untreated wastewaters from the many industries have limited long-term potential for reuse at this time. Application of olive mill wastewater may be agronomically and economically beneficial, particularly as a local disposal solution, but there are concerns associated with high-concentrations of polyphenols that may be phytotoxic and toxic to soil microbial populations.  With regards to human safety, risk of contamination of table olives and olive oil is very low because irrigation methods deliver water below the canopy, fruits are not picked from the ground, processing itself eliminates pathogens and the irrigation season typically ends days or weeks before the harvest (depending on the climate condition). Finally, considering physiological, nutritional and intrinsic characteristics of this species, it is clear that olive trees are appropriate candidates for the reuse of recycled water as an irrigation source.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Production", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Fruit Quality", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Treated wastewater", "13. Climate action", "Health risk", "Olive tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11586/391728", "name": "item", "description": "11586/391728", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1805/19605", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-19", "title": "Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems", "description": "Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain. Examining patterns of foliar N concentrations and isotope ratios (\u03b415N) from more than 43,000 samples acquired over 37\u2009years, here we show that foliar N concentration declined by 9% and foliar \u03b415N declined by 0.6-1.6\u2030. Examining patterns across different climate spaces, foliar \u03b415N declined across the entire range of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation tested. These results suggest declines in N supply relative to plant demand at the global scale. In all, there are now multiple lines of evidence of declining N availability in many unfertilized terrestrial ecosystems, including declines in \u03b415N of tree rings and leaves from herbarium samples over the past 75-150\u2009years. These patterns are consistent with the proposed consequences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and longer growing seasons. These declines will limit future terrestrial carbon uptake and increase nutritional stress for herbivores.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "577", "terrestrial nitrogen", "Nutritional stress", "551", "01 natural sciences", "oligotrophication", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Terrestrial carbon uptake", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Ecosystem", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "terrestrial ecosystems", "isotopic", "Eutrophication", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "sylviculture", "Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Plants; Ecosystem; Eutrophication", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "element cycles", "foliar", "13. Climate action", "nutrient availability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/704621/3/Craine_2018_isotopic.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0694-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1805/19605"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1805/19605", "name": "item", "description": "1805/19605", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1805/19605"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1808.10328", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-05", "title": "Asymptotically Optimal Codes Correcting Fixed-Length Duplication Errors in DNA Storage Systems", "description": "Open AccessTo appear in IEEE Communications Letters", "keywords": ["FOS: Computer and information sciences", "Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)", "Computer Science - Information Theory", "Information Theory (cs.IT)", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "0102 computer and information sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "94B20", " 94B25", " 94B50", " 94B65", " 68P20", " 68P30", " 68R05", "01 natural sciences", "Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1808.10328"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Communications%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1808.10328", "name": "item", "description": "1808.10328", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1808.10328"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-21", "title": "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500\u2009m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area can have considerable impact on emission estimates. Consideration of this sensitivity is especially important in areas with heterogeneous land cover and fire regimes and when constraining model output with field measurements. We developed a global fire emissions model with a spatial resolution of 500\u2009m using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To accommodate this spatial resolution, our model is based on a simplified version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) modelling framework. Tree mortality as a result of fire, i.e.\u00a0fire-related forest loss, was modelled based on the overlap between 30\u2009m forest loss data and MODIS burned area and active fire detections. Using this new 500\u2009m model, we calculated global average carbon emissions from fire of 2.1\u00b10.2 (\u00b11\u03c3 interannual variability, IAV)\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 during 2002\u20132020. Fire-related forest loss accounted for 2.6\u00b10.7\u2009% (uncertainty range =1.9\u2009%\u20133.3\u2009%) of global burned area and 24\u00b16\u2009% (uncertainty range =16\u2009%\u201331\u2009%) of emissions, indicating that fuel consumption in forest fires is an order of magnitude higher than the global average. Emissions from the combustion of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the boreal region and tropical peatlands accounted for 13\u00b14\u2009% of global emissions. Our global fire emissions estimate was higher than the 1.5\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4 and similar to 2.1\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4s. Even though GFED4s included more burned area by accounting for small fires undetected by the MODIS burned area mapping algorithm, our emissions were similar to GFED4s due to higher average fuel consumption. The global difference in fuel consumption could mainly be explained by higher SOC emissions from the boreal region as constrained by additional measurements. The higher resolution of the 500\u2009m model also contributed to the difference by improving the simulation of landscape heterogeneity and reducing the scale mismatch in comparing field measurements to model grid cell averages during model calibration. Furthermore, the fire-related forest loss algorithm introduced in our model led to more accurate and widespread estimation of high-fuel-consumption burned area. Recent advances in burned area detection at resolutions of 30\u2009m and finer show a substantial amount of burned area that remains undetected with 500\u2009m sensors, suggesting that global carbon emissions from fire are likely higher than our 500\u2009m estimates. The ability to model fire emissions at 500\u2009m resolution provides a framework for further improvements with the development of new satellite-based estimates of fuels, burned area, and fire behaviour, for use in the next generation of GFED.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:73855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-28", "title": "UV index and climate seasonality explain fungal community turnover in global drylands", "description": "AbstractAim<p>Fungi are major drivers of ecosystem functioning. Increases in aridity are known to negatively impact fungal community composition in dryland ecosystems globally; yet, much less is known on the potential influence of other environmental drivers, and whether these relationships are linear or nonlinear.</p>Time period<p>2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932021.</p>Location<p>Global.</p>Major taxa studied<p>Fungi.</p>Methods<p>We re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysed multiple datasets from different dryland biogeographical regions, for a total of 912 samples and 1,483 taxa. We examined geographical patterns in community diversity and composition, and spatial, edaphic and climatic factors driving them.</p>Results<p>UV index, climate seasonality, and sand content were the most important environmental predictors of community shifts, showing the strongest association with the richness of putative plant pathogens and saprobes. Important nonlinear relationships existed with each of these fungal guilds, with increases in UV and temperature seasonality above 7.5 and 900 SD (standard deviation x 100 of the mean monthly temperature), respectively, being associated with an increased probability of plant pathogen and unspecified saprotroph occurrence. Conversely, these environmental parameters had a negative relationship with litter and soil saprotroph richness. Consequently, these ecological groups might be particularly sensitive to shifts in UV radiation and climate seasonality, which is likely to disturb current plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil dynamics in drylands.</p>Main conclusions<p>Our synthesis integrates fungal community data from drylands across the globe, allowing the investigation of fungal distribution and providing the first evidence of shifts in fungal diversity and composition of key fungal ecological groups along diverse spatial, climatic and edaphic gradients in these widely distributed ecosystems. Our findings imply that shifts in soil structure and seasonal climatic patterns induced by global change will have disproportionate consequences for the distribution of fungal groups linked to vegetation and biogeochemical cycling in drylands, with implications for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in drylands.</p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "drylands", "fungal traits", "Drylands", "Fungal traits", "Fungi", "500", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental predictors", "03 medical and health sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Climate change", "fungi", "environmental predictors", "climate change; drylands; environmental predictors; fungal traits; fungi"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openpub.fmach.it/bitstream/10449/78989/1/2023%20GEB%20Albanese.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13607"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:73855"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:73855", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:73855", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:73855"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:14:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-27", "title": "Plant Performance In A Warmer World: General Responses Of Plants From Cold, Northern Biomes And The Importance Of Winter And Spring Events", "description": "During the past three decades the Earth has warmed with a rate unprecedented during the past 1000 years. There is already ample evidence that this fast climate warming has affected a broad range of organisms, including plants. Plants from high-latitude and high-altitude sites ('cold biomes') are especially sensitive to climate warming. In this paper we (1) review the response in the phenology of plants, changes in their range and distribution, soil nutrient availability, and the effects on the structure and dynamics of plant communities for cold, northern biomes; and (2) we show, by using data from an ongoing snow and temperature manipulation experiment in northern Sweden, that also winter and spring events have a profound influence on plant performance. Both long-term phenological data sets, experimental warming studies (performed in summer or year-round), natural gradient studies and satellite images show that key phenological events are responsive to temperature increases and that recent climate warming does indeed lead to changes in plant phenology. However, data from a warming and snow manipulation study that we are conducting in northern Sweden show that plants respond differently to the various climatic scenarios that we had imposed on these species and that especially winter and spring events have a profound impact. This indicates that it is necessary to include several scenarios of both summer and winter climate change in experimental climate change studies, and that we need detailed projections of future climate at a regional scale to be able to assess their impacts on natural ecosystems. There is also ample evidence that the range shift of herbs and shrubs to more northern regions is for the vast majority of species mainly caused by changes in the climate. This is in line with the observed 'up-greening' of northern tundra sites. These rapid northern shifts in distribution of plants as a result of climate warming may have substantial consequences for the structure and dynamics of high-latitude ecosystems. An analysis of warming studies at 9 tundra sites shows that heating during at least 3 years increased net N-mineralization from 0.32\u00b10.31 (SE) g N m", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11258-005-9031-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-01", "title": "Changes In Intrasystem N Cycling From N-2-Fixing Shrub Encroachment In Grassland: Multiple Positive Feedbacks", "description": "Nitrogen-fixing species can increase both the availability and cycling of nitrogen (N) in ecosystems. Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is an exotic woody shrub associated with N2-fixing actinomycetes that forms dense patches in disturbed landscapes (i.e., riparian zones adjacent to crop systems, old fields and agricultural grasslands) throughout the midwestern United States. We used paired plots dominated by either E. umbellata or C3 grassland to test whether the shrub encroachment altered pools and fluxes of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in the soil. Annual mean of NO3\u2010N concentrations in soil water collected from porous cup tension lysimeters every 2 weeks for 1 year was 20 times higher in soil beneath E. umbellata compared to grassland vegetation. Temporal variation in NO3\u2010N leaching occurred in the shrubencroached plots, with more nitrate leaching in the dormant season relative to the growing season. Potential net N mineralization, nitrification rates, and extractable N in the surface 10 cm of soil were also higher below E. umbellata. Following establishment of N2-fixing shrub patches for 7\u201013 years, the soil C:N ratio showed a declining trend due to lower total soil C rather than an increase in N. Labile carbon pools (i.e., microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil respiration rates) were lower in surface soil below E. umbellata, which demonstrated an additional positive feedback between encroachment of E. umbellata and N export. Less demand for mineralized N due to associated N2 fixation, coupled with higher rates of nitrification and lower microbial demand for N collectively contributed to higher export of N below the E. umbellata patched relative to the grassland system. Thus, areas invaded by this exotic N2-fixing species may function as N sources rather than the N conserving systems typically expected early successional communities following agricultural abandonment. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2901798597", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:30Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2018-11-16", "title": "Organic matter across subsea permafrost thaw horizons on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Thaw of subsea permafrost across the Arctic Ocean shelves might promote the degradation of organic matter to CO2 and CH4, but also create conduits for transfer of deeper CH4 pools to the atmosphere and thereby amplify global warming. In this study, we describe sedimentary characteristics of three subsea permafrost cores of 21\u201356\u2009m length drilled near the current delta of the Lena River in the Buor\u2013Khaya Bay on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, including content, origin and degradation state of organic matter around the current thaw front. Grain size distribution and optically stimulated luminescence dating suggest the alternating deposition of aeolian silt and fluvial sand over the past 160\u2009000 years. Organic matter in 3\u2009m sections across the current permafrost table was characterized by low organic carbon contents (average 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009%) as well as enriched \u03b413C values and low concentrations of the terrestrial plant biomarker lignin compared to other recent and Pleistocene deposits in the study region. The lignin phenol composition further suggests contribution of both tundra and boreal forest vegetation, at least the latter likely deposited by rivers. Our findings indicate high variability in organic matter composition of subsea permafrost even within a small study area, reflecting its development in a heterogeneous and dynamic landscape. Even with this relatively low organic carbon content, the high rates of observed subsea permafrost thaw in this area yield a thaw-out of 1.6\u2009kg\u2009OC\u2009m\u22122\u2009year\u22121, emphasizing the need to constrain the fate of the poorly described and thawing subsea permafrost organic carbon pool.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2901798597"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2901798597", "name": "item", "description": "2901798597", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2901798597"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-24", "title": "Grain Yield And Water Use Efficiency Of Maize As Influenced By Different Irrigation Regimes Through Sprinkler Irrigation Under Temperate Climate", "description": "In Vojvodina region, water deficit during the growing season is a major factor limiting maize production. Therefore, to achieve the ideal soil water content in this region, it is of crucial importance to optimize irrigation. The effects of different irrigation levels with sprinkler irrigation system on crop yield, yield components, water use, water (WUE) and irrigation water use (IWUE) efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated in Vojvodina (northern Serbia), on a Calcaric Chernozem soil in temperate environment for 3 consecutive years (2006\u20132008). Maize was subjected to four irrigation regimes, as follows: non-limited irrigation (I100), 75% of non-limited irrigation (I75), 50% of non-limited irrigation (I50), and rainfed (non-irrigated) as the control (I0). The irrigation treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates. Results showed that maize grown in rainfed conditions had high annual variability, mainly due to amount of rainfall and its distribution during the crop-growing seasons. A significant irrigation effect was found for yield, yield components and others investigated parameters under study. Water stress had significant impact on yield response: as an average of the three years, a grain yield increase of 47.8, 32.8, and 22.9% was observed in I100, I75 and I50 treatments compared to rainfed (I0) treatment, respectively. Yield increased linearly with seasonal crop evapotranspiration and irrigation amount. Furthermore, WUE is maximized with a moderate water deficit (I50), while IWUE is the highest in I100 treatment. The deficit irrigation stress index, DISI, decreased with increasing irrigation rate. The results revealed that irrigation is necessary for maize cultivation because rainfall is insufficient to meet the crop water needs in Vojvodina. In addition, the study indicated that the irrigation regime of 25% water saving (I75) could ensure satisfactory grain yield of maize and increment of WUE.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yield response factor", "Yield components", "IWUE", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "Deficit irrigation", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.01.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-14", "title": "Promising Indicators For Assessment Of Agroecosystems Alteration Among Natural, Reforested And Agricultural Land Use In Southern Brazil", "description": "Microbiological soil-quality indicators, especially related to C and N cycles, and microbial diversity may be useful tools to determine whether a particular environment responds to an imposed management or reclamation strategy. External influences such as forest clearance and soil management affect biological indicators making them useful to point out whether the land use strategy is sustainable. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to assess the utility of some soil chemical and microbiological properties and 16S rDNA diversity in bacteria domain and their significance as soil-quality indicators in different land use systems in southern Brazil, Parana State. Nine sites with soil originated from basalt (Rhodic Ferralsol), previously covered with the Atlantic native forest were evaluated: a native forest tract as reference; three sites artificially reforested with native species, but with understory differently managed; secondary forest naturally regenerated from abandoned pasture; artificially reforested with eucalyptus; two wheat-cropped sites at differing vegetative stages; one site in fallow. Twenty-four chemical and microbiological properties and their derivatives were assessed, in addition to molecular diversity of bacteria domain based on denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Amongst all variables, the most dissimilar along the sites were total organic C, microbial biomass C and N, and ammonification rate. Total organic C was highest in the native forest, followed by secondary forest, eucalyptus and the artificially reforested sites; the wheat-cropped and fallow sites produced the lowest values. This trend was also observed for ammonification rate, which was closely correlated to organic C. Microbial biomass C and N were also higher in the reforested sites, whereas for microbial N biomass, the eucalyptus site resembled to the wheat-cropped and fallow sites. The DGGE analysis revealed that the fallow, eucalyptus and wheat-cropped sites had less bacterial diversity. All the sites reforested with native species grouped with the native forest, while the eucalyptus, fallow and wheat-cropped sites formed separate clusters. A similar clustering pattern was observed when all chemical and microbiological properties were considered in a grouping analysis. The results for reforestation employing native species tended to be similar to those of the stable native forest, while the use of an exotic species (eucalyptus) tended to be similar to those of the cropped sites. In addition, the fallow site showed general unfavorable trends in microbiological indicators and less bacterial diversity, suggesting that such soil management is not sustainable at least in subtropical areas. In this case, would be preferable provide the soil with vegetal covering that increase the organic C inputs and consequently microbial diversity and activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.01.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-18", "title": "The Practical Use Of Water Management Based On Soil Redox Potential For Decreasing Methane Emission From A Paddy Field In Japan", "description": "Abstract   Water management is one of the most effective options in decreasing methane (CH4) emission from a paddy field. We have proposed the water management based on soil redox potential (Eh) named \u2018Eh control\u2019, and demonstrated the effectiveness of Eh control in decreasing CH4 emission in pot experiments. The objective of the present study was to consider the practicability of Eh control under field conditions.  Two-year experiments were carried out in a paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan in 2003 and 2004. Experimental factors were water management and rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar: Koshihikari) straw treatment. Two methods of water management during rice growing period were continuous flooding and Eh control. For Eh control, drainage was carried out whenever the soil Eh decreased to \u2212150\u00a0mV, and flooding was carried out whenever the soil Eh increased to 0\u00a0mV in 2003 and 100\u00a0mV in 2004. Two methods of rice straw treatment were application and removal in the preceding winters of all straw harvested. The CH4 flux was measured by a closed chamber method and the total emission during the growing period was estimated. Rice grain and straw yields were examined by a quadrat sampling method. The yield component was analyzed only in 2004.  The total CH4 emission was decreased by Eh control to 36% of continuous flooding on the 2-year average. Although straw application hastened the decrease in soil Eh when compared with straw removal, it did not affect the total CH4 emission. Rice grain and straw yields were not affected by the experimental factors. However, yield component analysis showed that Eh control increased the number of panicles per hill and resulted in increased brown rice yield. Straw application also increased the number of panicles per hill, but did not affect brown rice yield.  Consequently, the present study demonstrates the practicability of Eh control under the field conditions on an experimental level. Two important suggestions were obtained from the above results. One is that Eh control decreases CH4 emission to a minimum level according to the range of soil Eh determined. Another is that it may be possible to change the range of soil Eh to a more positive value that will decrease CH4 emission more and increase rice grain yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-19", "title": "Multiple Functions Of Buffer Strips In Farming Areas", "description": "Buffer strips (BSs) are strips interposed between fields and streams that intercept and treat the waters leaving cropland, and so are a useful tool for reducing agricultural diffuse pollution in lowland areas. If properly vegetated and managed, they can also produce wood for burning, act as sinks for atmospheric CO2 and enhance the landscape beauty. The paper presents an analysis of the different functions of BS and reviews the more important data from research programmes conducted over the last decade in Veneto Region (North-East Italy). Over a period of 3-5 years, in two experimental sites, young BS reduced total runoff by 33%, losses of N by 44% and P by 50% compared to no-BS. A mature BS was able to abate both NO3-N and dissolved phosphorus concentrations by almost 100%, in most cases having exiting water that satisfied the limit for avoiding eutrophication. The BS also proved to be a useful barrier for herbicides, with concentrations abated by 60% and 90%, depending on the chemical and the time elapsed since application. Considering the CO2 immobilized in the wood and soil together, the different BS monitored stored up to 80 t ha-1 year-1 . The BS caused negligible disturbance to maize, soybean and sugarbeet yields. The hedgerows, par- ticularly if composed of trees taller than 6 m, positively influenced the aesthetic value of the territory, improving its perceived naturalness and screening the man-made elements. Lastly, through a multi-objective analysis, opportunity costs were estimated to support the public decision-maker in determining the subsidies to be paid to encourage farmers to plant BS.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "multifunction", "13. Climate action", "buffer strip", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "buffer strips; diffused pollution; CO2 immobilistion; economics", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "hedgerow", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-014-0981-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:14:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Coupled Water And Nitrogen (N) Management As A Key Strategy For The Mitigation Of Gaseous N Losses In The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain", "description": "Gaseous nitrogen (N) losses are mainly responsible for low N use efficiency of applied fertilizers and their derivative environmental hazards, while N application rates and soil water regime are important factors regulating these N processes. In this study, gaseous N losses via ammonia volatilization (AV) and denitrification, determined by sponge trapping-KCl extraction and acetylene inhibition-soil core incubation, respectively, were investigated under different coupled water-N management practices with a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Ammonia volatilization after urea application, particularly after topdressing during maize growing seasons, was the dominant gaseous N loss, amounting up to 53.2\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121 (38.6\u00a0% of the applied N). Ammonia volatilization generally decreased by increasing irrigation rate applied immediately after fertilization. Denitrification N losses were lower than ammonia-N losses, accounting for 1.3 to 18.7\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121, with more than 90\u00a0% occurring during the maize growing seasons. Total gaseous N losses showed a significant (P\u2009<\u20090.05) positive correlation with N application rates and a negative correlation with irrigation rates applied immediately after fertilization and depended on weather conditions and crop seasons. Temperature and relative humidity were the main influencing factors for both gaseous N losses. The relative importance of weather conditions and field management, such as fertilization and irrigation, on affecting gaseous N losses varied during the five cropping seasons from June 2008 to September 2010. Therefore, the consideration of interannual climate variations, potential nitrate leaching, grain yields, and water-N management could be a promising solution for reducing gaseous N losses and enhancing N use efficiency in this region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jiabao Zhang, Zakaria A. Mirza, Congzhi Zhang, Donghao Ma, Shengjun Wu, Xiuli Xin, Anning Zhu, Ping Huang, Shan Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0981-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-014-0981-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-014-0981-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-014-0981-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:14:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-10", "title": "Non-Target Impacts Of Weed Control On Birds, Mammals, And Reptiles", "description": "Abstract<p>The impacts of invasive plant control on native animals are rarely evaluated. Using data from an eight\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study in southeastern Australia, we quantified the effects on native bird, mammal, and reptile species of (1) the abundance of the invasive Bitou Bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata, and (2) a Bitou Bush control program, which involved repeated herbicide spraying interspersed with prescribed burning. We found that overall species richness of birds, mammals, and reptiles and the majority of individual vertebrate species were unresponsive to Bitou Bush cover and the number of plants. Two species including the nationally endangered Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyurus brachypterus) responded positively to measures of native vegetation cover following the control of Bitou Bush. Analyses of the effects of different components of the treatment protocol employed to control Bitou Bush revealed (1) no negative effects of spraying on vertebrate species richness; (2) negative effects of spraying on only one individual species (Scarlet Honeyeater); and (3) lower bird species richness but higher reptile species richness after fire. The occupancy of most individual vertebrates species was unaffected by burning; four species responded negatively and one positively to fire. Our study indicated that actions to remove Bitou Bush generally have few negative impacts on native vertebrates. We therefore suggest that controlling this highly invasive exotic plant species has only very limited negative impacts on vertebrate biota.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "weed control", "570", "Secondary effects", "off-target impacts", "animal response to weed control", "Indirect impacts", "Fire management", "590", "Non-target impacts", "herbicide impact on animals", "Herbicide impact on animals", "01 natural sciences", "invasive alien plant management", "fire management", "indirect impacts", "14. Life underwater", "non-target impacts", "Invasive alien plant management", "weed management impacts", "Animal response to weed control", "Bitou Bush", "580", "secondary effects", "Weed management impacts", "15. Life on land", "Weed control", "Off-target impacts", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/407435/1/Lindenmayer_et_al_2017_Ecopshere.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/244051/3/01_Lindenmayer_Non-target_impacts_of_weed_2017.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecs2.1804", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecs2.1804"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-28", "title": "Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling in a Set of Land Surface Models", "description": "Abstract<p>The land surface controls the partitioning of water and energy fluxes and therefore plays a crucial role in the climate system. The coupling between soil moisture and air temperature, in particular, has been shown to affect the severity and occurrence of temperature extremes and heat waves. Here we study soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling in five land surface models, focusing on the terrestrial segment of the coupling in the warm season. All models are run off\uffe2\uff80\uff90line over a common period with identical atmospheric forcing data, in order to allow differences in the results to be attributed to the models' partitioning of energy and water fluxes. Coupling is calculated according to two semiempirical metrics, and results are compared to observational flux tower data. Results show that the locations of the global hot spots of soil moisture\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature coupling are similar across all models and for both metrics. In agreement with previous studies, these areas are located in transitional climate regimes. The magnitude and local patterns of model coupling, however, can vary considerably. Model coupling fields are compared to tower data, bearing in mind the limitations in the geographical distribution of flux towers and the differences in representative area of models and in situ data. Nevertheless, model coupling correlates in space with the tower\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results (r = 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7), with the multimodel mean performing similarly to the best\uffe2\uff80\uff90performing model. Intermodel differences are also found in the evaporative fractions and may relate to errors in model parameterizations and ancillary data of soil and vegetation characteristics.</p>", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "FLUXES", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "models", "WATER", "SCALE", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land surface", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "eartH2Observe", "temperature", "15. Life on land", "DECIDUOUS FOREST", "CLIMATE", "EVAPORATION", "VARIABILITY", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "land surface models", "SENSIBLE HEAT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2017JD027346", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2017JD027346"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=01+natural+sciences&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=01+natural+sciences&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=01+natural+sciences&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=01+natural+sciences&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6851, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-23T22:31:47.950739Z"}