Responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. We used an experiment at the Swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9\uffc2\uffa0years of free air CO2 enrichment (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm; 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) and 6\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming (+4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C; 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). The study contained two key tree line species, Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, both approximately 40\uffc2\uffa0years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. In 2012, we harvested and measured biomass of all trees (including root systems), above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground understorey vegetation and fine roots. Overall, soil warming had clearer effects on plant biomass than CO2 enrichment, and there were no interactive effects between treatments. Total plant biomass increased in warmed plots containing Pinus but not in those with Larix. This response was driven by changes in tree mass (+50%), which contributed an average of 84% (5.7\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of total plant mass. Pinus coarse root mass was especially enhanced by warming (+100%), yielding an increased root mass fraction. Elevated CO2 led to an increased relative growth rate of Larix stem basal area but no change in the final biomass of either tree species. Total understorey above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground mass was not altered by soil warming or elevated CO2. However, Vaccinium myrtillus mass increased with both treatments, graminoid mass declined with warming, and forb and nonvascular plant (moss and lichen) mass decreased with both treatments. Fine roots showed a substantial reduction under soil warming (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240% for all roots <2\uffc2\uffa0mm in diameter at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth) but no change with CO2 enrichment. Our findings suggest that enhanced overall productivity and shifts in biomass allocation will occur at the tree line, particularly with global warming. However, individual species and functional groups will respond differently to these environmental changes, with consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Models", " Statistical", "Temperature", "Larix", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Tundra", "Switzerland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-19", "title": "Bioenergy Harvest, Climate Change, And Forest Carbon In The Oregon Coast Range", "description": "AbstractForests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of management and climate change on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90no harvesting on federal lands, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed.\uffc2\uffa0Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however,\uffc2\uffa0led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon dioxide mitigation", "Forest ecology -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range", "Forest biomass", "13. Climate action", "Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)", "Biomass energy", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Climatic change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "AbstractOur objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x08-045", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-06-27", "title": "Impact Of A Pine Lappet (Dendrolimus Pini) Mass Outbreak On C And N Fluxes To The Forest Floor And Soil Microbial Properties In A Scots Pine Forest In Germany", "description": "Herbivorous insect infestations significantly alter element and nutrient cycling in forests, thus directly and indirectly affecting ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we report on the herbivore-mediated transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the canopy to the forest floor and its influence on soil microbial activity during a pine lappet ( Dendrolimus pini L.) infestation. Over the course of 6\uffc2\uffa0months, we followed C and N fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall, and green fall (green needle debris dropped during herbivory) together with solid frass (insect faeces) in an 80-year-old Scots pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) forest. Compared with the control, herbivore defoliation significantly doubled throughfall inputs of total and dissolved organic C and N over the study period. Frass plus green-fall C and N fluxes peaked in June\uffe2\uff80\uff93July at 110\uffc2\uffa0kg C\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931and 2.3\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931, respectively. Randomized intervention analysis revealed no significant effects of herbivory on soil microbial properties, except for adenylate energy charge, which showed slightly higher values under herbivory. This study demonstrates the importance of canopy herbivory on overall C and N inputs to forest ecosystems, particularly in altering the timing and quality of the organic material reaching the forest floor and potentially affecting belowground processes.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "le Mellec, Anne, Michalzik, Beate,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x08-045"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x08-045", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x08-045", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x08-045"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x93-128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Selected Forest Management-Practices On Environmental Parameters Related To Successional Development On The Tanana River Floodplain, Interior Alaska", "description": "Two mature floodplain white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) ecosystems (stage VIII) located on islands in the Tanana River, approximately 20\uffe2\uff80\uff82km southwest of Fairbanks, Alaska, were clear-cut during the winter of 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931986 to quantify the effects of clear-cutting on selected environmental characteristics. Clearings in earlier successional stages (poplar\uffe2\uff80\uff93alder (Populus\uffe2\uff80\uff93Alnus), stage V; and open willow (Salix), stage III) were used to contrast the environmental parameters with the earlier stages found in the primary successional sequence. After clear-cutting, total radiation at the soil surface increased to early successional stage III levels. Potential evaporation from the soil surface increased 5-fold as a result of clearing in the stage VIII sites and was substantially greater than that found in the stage III sites by other researchers. Clearing had relatively little effect on air temperature. The concentration of P and K was significantly lower in the forest floor of both clearcuts, and the concentration of C was significantly higher at VIII-A-T (stage VIII\uffe2\uff80\uff93site A\uffe2\uff80\uff93treated (cleared) plot) when compared with the control stands. There was a decrease in total forest floor biomass at both clear-cut plots. Organic matter, total N, available NH4 and P, and extractable Mg and K all decreased after cutting, whereas pH increased. Decomposition of spruce foliage on the forest floor surface was slower in the clearcuts. Nitrogen immobilization occurred during the first 2 years of decomposition. During the third year it appeared that some mineralization was beginning to occur but the levels were very low, averaging only 3\uffe2\uff80\uff82mg N per bag in the clear-cut areas. Plant growth analysis indicated that growth was limited by high mineral soil salt content in the early successional stages (III) and that this limitation was species specific. Balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.) appears to be more tolerant of the high cation content of the stage III sites compared with trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). By the time successional development has progressed to stage V, the soil has been sufficiently augmented by the inclusion of organic matter from the developing vegetation and the fixation of N by alder to result in higher seedling growth rates in the cleared areas.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John Yarie", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x93-128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x93-128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-03", "title": "Influence Of Rainfall, Type Of Range, And Brush Management On Abundance Of Northern Bobwhites (Colinus Virginianus) In Southern Texas", "description": "Assessing numerical response of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to habitat improvement in semi-arid rangeland often is confounded by responses of populations to highly variable patterns of rainfall. During 2 years of above-average rainfall, we investigated abundance of northern bobwhites relative to type of range and treatments to reduce brush on seven ranches in southern Texas. We expected response of populations to treatment of land to be more evident when northern bobwhites were released from constraints of low precipitation. However, main factors dominating abundance were rainfall during the previous growing season and type of range. Greatest numbers of calls were in mid- productivity rangeland (potential production of forage 2,000-3,900 kg/ha), especially sandy loam, clay loam, sandy, and gravelly ridge. Treatments to reduce brush increased abundance of northern bobwhites to a limited extent and were most effective when large blocks of land were treated. Techniques that kill brush (root-plowing) were more successful in increasing populations than top- removal methods (roller-chopping). Leaving strips or mottes (large clumps of living brush and trees) in cleared areas did not enhance populations, although we caution that retaining some brush cover may be important to survival of northern bobwhites in drier years and in situations where herbaceous cover is less abundant. RESUMEN\u2014Determinar la respuesta numerica de codornices nortenas (Colinus virginianus )at ecnicas para mejorar el habitat en pastizales semiaridos es confundido por las respuestas poblacionales a patrones altamente variables de precipitacion. Durante dos anos de precipitacion ma alta que la media, investigamos la abundancia de codornices con respecto al tipo de pastizal y tratamientos para reducir arbustos en siete ranchos en el sur de Texas. Esperamos la respuesta de la poblacion al tratamiento de la tierra ser mas evidente cuando las codornices fueron liberadas de los apremios de baja precipitacion. Sin embargo, los factores mas dominantes para determinar la abundancia fueron la precipitacion durante la estacion de crecimiento anterior y el tipo de pastizal. Mas silbidos fueron registrados en los pastizales de productividad mediana (produccion de forraje potencial de 2.000-3.900 kg/ha), especialmente en pastizales con suelos marga-arenosos, marga-arcillosos, arenosos, y pastizales en bordes pedregosos. Tratamientos para reducir arbustos aumentaron la abundancia de codornices a un grado limitado y fueron mas eficaces cuando terrenos grandes fueron tratados. Los tratamientos de remocion de arbustos (remocion de rao \u00b4ces) fueron mas exitosos para incrementar la poblacion que los metodos de remocion superior (la eliminacion de biomasa aerea). Dejando bandas o grandes grupos de arbustos y arboles en areas despejadas no mejorolas poblaciones, aunque consideramos importante indicar que retener alguna cobertura arbustiva podro \u00b4a ser importante para la supervivencia de codornices en anos mas secos y en situaciones donde la cobertura herbacea es menor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Susan M. Cooper, James C. Cathey, D. Lang Alford, Shane S. Sieckenius,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Southwestern%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1894/mh-34.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1894/mh-34.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/1351977", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-13", "title": "Are Spartina Marshes A Replaceable Resource - A Functional-Approach To Evaluation Of Marsh Creation Efforts", "description": "Marsh creation has come into increasing use as a measure to mitigate loss of valuable wetlands. However, few programs have addressed the functional ecological equivalence of man-made marshes and their natural counterparts. This study addresses structural and functional interactions in a man-made and two natural marshes. This was done by integrating substrate characteristics and marsh utilization by organisms of two trophic levels. Sediment properties, infaunal community composition, andFundulus heteroclitus marsh utilization were compared for a man-madeSpartina salt marsh (between ages 1 to 3 yr) in Dills Creek, North Carolina, and adjacent natural marshes to the east and west. East natural marsh and planted marsh sediment grain-size distributions were more similar to each other than to the west natural marsh due to shared drainage systems, but sediment organic content of the planted marsh was much lower than in either natural marsh. This difference was reflected in macrofaunal composition. Natural marsh sediments were inhabited primarily by subsurface, deposit-feeding oligochaetes whereas planted marsh sediments were dominated by the tube-building, surface-deposit feeding polychaetesStreblospio benedicti andManayunkia aestuarina. Infaunal differences were mirrored inFundulus diets. Natural marsh diets contained more detritus and insects, because oligochaetes, though abundant, were relatively inaccessible. Polychaetes and algae were major constituents of the planted marshFundulus diet. Though naturalmarsh fish may acquire a potentially less nutritive, detritus-based diet relative to the higher animal protein diet of the planted marsh fish,Fundulus abundances were markedly lower in the planted marsh than in the natural marshes, indicating fewer fish were being supported. LowerSpartina stem densities in the planted marsh may have provided inadequate protection from predation or insufficient spawning sites for the fundulids. After three years, the planted marsh remained functionally distinct from the adjacent natural marshes. Mitigation success at Dills Creek could have been improved by increasing tidal flushing, thereby enhancing, access to marine organisms and by mulching withSpartina wrack to increase sediment organic-matter content and porosity. Results from this study indicate that salt marshes should not be treated as a replaceable resource in the short term. The extreme spatial and temporal variability inherent to salt marshes make it virtually impossible to exactly replace a marsh by planting one on another site.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1351977"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuaries", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/1351977", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/1351977", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/1351977"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1991-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2265779", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-05-09", "title": "Responses Of A C-4 Grass And Three C-3 Forbs To Variation In Nitrogen And Light In Tallgrass Prairie", "description": "In tallgrass prairie, high plant species diversity results not from a large number of grass species, but from a large number of forb (nongrass, herbaceous) species. Forbs exhibit morphological, life history, and ecophysiological characteristics that contrast sharply with those of the dominant C4 grasses. Success of the subdominant forbs varies strongly with topographic position and burning regime, and landscape scale patterns of abundance are well documented. But comparatively little is known about the mechanisms determining these patterns in persistent tallgrass prairie forbs. To elucidate these mechanisms, (1) leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff94level physiological characteristics of the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii, and four co\uffe2\uff80\uff94occurring C3 forbs were measured in response to natural and experimentally manipulated gradients of N availability, and (2) seasonal light environments of forbs in contrasting topographic positions and burning regimes and their morphological and physiological responses in these environments were compared to determine whether resource availability and utilization patterns contributed to patterns of forb distribution and abundance. The effects of burning regime and topographic position on maximum rate of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) measured at the leaf level were not consistent with patterns of forb abundance. Nitrogen did not appear to limit forb physiological processes, even though increased N availability resulted in higher tissue N concentrations and greater biomass. There was no consistent increase in (A) or decrease in (g) in response to fertilization. However, (A) at low light levels was as much as 67% higher in fertilized Vernonia baldwinii and A. gerardii compared to unfertilized plants. Greater light availability to forbs in the canopy was associated with lower grass biomass production in uplands compared to lowlands and in unburned compared to burned sites. Forbs did not appear to adjust morphologically (leaf area and plant height) to different light environments at different sites. As a result, as much as 90% of forb leaf area in the burned lowland was displayed in low light, whereas as little as 30% of forb leaf area was in low light in the uplands at midseason. Estimates of potential whole\uffe2\uff80\uff94plant carbon uptake, based on leaf area distribution relative to available light and (A) as a function of light availability, agreed well with patterns of forb abundance and production. Differences in light availability may account for much of the variability in forb abundance related to burning regime and topographic position by limiting carbon gain in forbs more in burned lowlands than in other sites.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "C. L. Turner, Alan K. Knapp,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2265779", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2265779", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2265779"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2307/2425415", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-24", "title": "The Effect Of Nitrogen-Fertilization On The Production Of Halophytes In An Inland Salt-Marsh", "description": "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on plant production, soil and plant nitrogen content, and species distribution in an Ohio salt marsh was analyzed. Seasonal measurements indicate that the three dominant species attained maximal production at different times during the growing season. Production of Salicornia europaea increased with nitrogen fertilization and it appears that reduced soil nitrogen concentrations may be responsible for the different growth forms of S. europaea found in this marsh. Shoot nitrogen concentrations of S. europaea were inversely related to the growth response to fertilization. High tissue nitrogen concentrations in Hordeum jubatum and Atriplex triangularis suggest that some factor other than nitrogen is limiting to these species. INTRODUCTION A number of studies concerning production of plants in coastal salt marsh ecosystems suggest that productivity may be limited by availability of nitrogen (Tyler, 1967; Pigott, 1969; Stewart et al., 1972, 1973; Valiela and Teal, 1974; Gallagher, 1975; Patrick and Delaune, 1976; Mendelssohn, 1979b; Haines, 1979). Smart and Barko (1980) showed that although biomass was ultimately determined by the availability of nitrogen, growth rate was affected by the salinity of the sediments. Other effects of nitrogen fertilization on coastal salt marsh vegetation include: increased allocation of resources to sexual reproduction (Jefferies and Perkins, 1977), increased levels of nitrogen in the plant material (Buresh et al., 1980; Pigott, 1969) and a change in the distribution of plants in the salt marsh (Valiela et al., 1975). While these studies suggest that nitrogen may be an important limiting factor in the productivity of coastal marshes, no studies have been done to ascertain if this is true in inland salt marshes. Studies of plant production from inland saline areas (Hadley and Buccos, 1967, Hadley, 1970) have either not examined it in relation to nitrogen limitation, or else have concentrated on the response to nitrogen additions of a single species when grown under greenhouse conditions (Cords, 1960). Lack of tidal action and differences in species composition preclude the assumption that coastal and inland salt marshes respond similarly tonitrogen addition. The Atlantic coastal marshes of the United States are generally characterized by a bay-to-upland sequence of zones consisting of perennial grasses in the low marsh, giving way to annual succulents in the higher portions of the marsh (Niering and Warren, 1980). In an Ohio salt marsh this vegetational pattern was reversed. The annual species Salicornia europaea and Atriplex triangularis form two zones bordering the center of the saline pan with the perennial grass Hordeumjubatum occurring on the outer edge of the marsh, in the area of lower salinity (Ungar et al., 1979). The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal change in plant production, the effect of the nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen fertilization on plant production in an inland salt marsh and to determine if nitrogen deficiencies are responsible for the difference in the growth forms of Salicornia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study area is a saline pan located at the site of the Morton Salt Company, in the city of Rittman, Wayne Co., Ohio (long. 810 47' 30', lat. 400 57' 30':SW?4 Sec 12, T 18N, R 13W). Three vegetation zones characterize the site: a Hordeum jubatum zone, an Atriplex triangularis zone and a zone of Salicornia europaea that was divided into", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Irwin A. Ungar, David G. Loveland,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Midland%20Naturalist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2307/2425415", "name": "item", "description": "10.2307/2425415", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2307/2425415"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1983-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/p02-188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "description": "In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in manage ment of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988\uffe2\uff80\uff9399) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO3 leaching. Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO3 leaching
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "F. Selles, Yantai Gan, Robert P. Zentner, V. O. Biederbeck, Paul G. Jefferson, Reynald Lemke, C. A. Campbell,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/p02-188", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/p02-188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/p02-188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p<0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11586/391728", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-22", "title": "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives", "description": "Abstract Olive trees are iconic to the Mediterranean landscape and in recent times, have expanded to other regions across the globe that share similar climatic conditions. Olive oil production benefits from irrigation, but with a changing climate and uncertainty in precipitation patterns, wastewaters will likely play a larger role supplementing irrigation water requirements. However, due to their relatively poor quality, wastewaters present challenges for sustained long-term use in olive production. Wastewaters include all effluents from municipalities, agricultural drainage, animal production facilities, agricultural processing and industrial processes. This review focuses on potential opportunities and limitations of sustaining olive oil production in the Mediterranean region using wastewater of various sources. The primary challenges for using such wastewaters include concerns related to salinity, sodicity, metals and trace elements, nutrients, organics, and pathogens. Organics and plant nutrients in the effluents are typically beneficial but depend on dosages. Many studies have shown that saline wastewaters have been successfully used to irrigate olives in Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan and Tunisia. Still, olive varieties and rootstocks have different tolerances to salinity and could respond differently and oil quality may improve or be compromised. Salts and trace elements need to be monitored in plants and soil to make sure accumulation does not continue from year to year and that soil physical conditions are not affected. Some food industries generate effluents with suitable characteristics for irrigation but one must balance the benefits (e.g. addition of nutrients), detriments (e.g. addition of salts or other limiting chemicals) and costs when determining the feasibility and practicality of reuse. Long-term accumulation of trace elements and metals will likely limit the feasibility of using industrial-originating effluents without treatment processes that would remove the toxic constituents prior to reuse. Therefore, untreated wastewaters from the many industries have limited long-term potential for reuse at this time. Application of olive mill wastewater may be agronomically and economically beneficial, particularly as a local disposal solution, but there are concerns associated with high-concentrations of polyphenols that may be phytotoxic and toxic to soil microbial populations. With regards to human safety, risk of contamination of table olives and olive oil is very low because irrigation methods deliver water below the canopy, fruits are not picked from the ground, processing itself eliminates pathogens and the irrigation season typically ends days or weeks before the harvest (depending on the climate condition). Finally, considering physiological, nutritional and intrinsic characteristics of this species, it is clear that olive trees are appropriate candidates for the reuse of recycled water as an irrigation source.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Production", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Fruit Quality", "630", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Treated wastewater", "13. Climate action", "Health risk", "Olive tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11586/391728", "name": "item", "description": "11586/391728", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11586/391728"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1805/19605", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-19", "title": "Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems", "description": "Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain. Examining patterns of foliar N concentrations and isotope ratios (\u03b415N) from more than 43,000 samples acquired over 37\u2009years, here we show that foliar N concentration declined by 9% and foliar \u03b415N declined by 0.6-1.6\u2030. Examining patterns across different climate spaces, foliar \u03b415N declined across the entire range of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation tested. These results suggest declines in N supply relative to plant demand at the global scale. In all, there are now multiple lines of evidence of declining N availability in many unfertilized terrestrial ecosystems, including declines in \u03b415N of tree rings and leaves from herbarium samples over the past 75-150\u2009years. These patterns are consistent with the proposed consequences of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and longer growing seasons. These declines will limit future terrestrial carbon uptake and increase nutritional stress for herbivores.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "577", "terrestrial nitrogen", "Nutritional stress", "551", "01 natural sciences", "oligotrophication", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Terrestrial carbon uptake", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Ecosystem", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "terrestrial ecosystems", "isotopic", "Eutrophication", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "sylviculture", "Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Plants; Ecosystem; Eutrophication", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "element cycles", "foliar", "13. Climate action", "nutrient availability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/704621/3/Craine_2018_isotopic.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0694-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1805/19605"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1805/19605", "name": "item", "description": "1805/19605", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1805/19605"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "Impacts Of Post-Harvest Slash And Live-Tree Retention On Biomass And Nutrient Stocks In Populus Tremuloides Michx.-Dominated Forests, Northern Minnesota, Usa", "description": "Abstract Globally, there is widespread interest in using forest-derived biomass as a source of bioenergy. While conventional timber harvesting generally removes only merchantable tree boles, harvesting biomass feedstock can remove all forms of woody biomass (i.e., live and dead standing woody vegetation, downed woody debris, and stumps) resulting in a greater loss of biomass and nutrients as well as more severe habitat alteration. To investigate the potential impacts of this practice, this study examined the initial impacts (pre- and post-harvest) of various levels of slash and live-tree retention on biomass and nutrient stocks, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P), in Populus tremuloides Michx.-dominated forests of northern Minnesota, USA. Treatments examined included three levels of slash retention, whole-tree harvest (WTH), 20% slash retention (20SR), and stem-only harvest (SOH), factored with three levels of green-tree retention, no trees retained (NONE), dispersed retention (DISP), and aggregate retention (AGR). Slash retention was the primary factor affecting post-harvest biomass and nutrient stocks, including woody debris pools. Compared to the unharvested control, stocks of biomass, carbon, and nutrients, including N, Ca, K, and P, in woody debris were higher in all treatments. Stem-only harvests typically contained greater biomass and nutrient stocks than WTH, although biomass and nutrients within 20SR, a level recommended by biomass harvesting guidelines in the US and worldwide, generally did not differ from WTH or SOH. Biomass in smaller-diameter slash material (typically 2.5\u201322.5\u00a0cm in diameter) dominated the woody debris pool following harvest regardless of slash retention level. Trends among treatments in this diameter range were generally similar to those in the total woody debris pool. Specifically, SOH contained significantly greater amounts of biomass than WTH while 20SR was not different from either WTH or SOH. Within P. tremuloides systems, we observed high stocks of smaller diameter slash material for all prescribed slash retention treatments. Most notably, WTH retains much more material than anticipated, up to 50% of available slash. These results reflect the high levels of breakage during winter harvest operations in these stands and, consequently, warrant consideration when anticipating the impacts of biomass harvesting on woody debris pools. Further investigation is necessary to understand how deliberate slash retention levels and season-of-harvest impact woody debris in other forest systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-21", "title": "Carbon Stocks In Managed And Unmanaged Old-Growth Western Redcedar And Western Hemlock Stands Of Canada\u2019S Inland Temperate Rainforests", "description": "Abstract In the inland temperate rainforests (ITRs) of east-central British Columbia (BC), there is a lack of baseline carbon (C) stocks information for managed and unmanaged stands of old-growth western redcedar and hemlock. To fill the knowledge gap, we estimated C stocks of live trees, snags, coarse woody debris and forest floor (excluding mineral soil) and evaluated impacts of harvesting on these C stocks. We also accounted for heart-rot in stem wood of live cedar and hemlock, and identified uncertainties in live-tree C stocks estimation for more accurate assessment of the C. Forests stands were selected from three previously established silvicultural systems trials that contrasted three levels of harvesting intensity (clear-cut (CC, 0% retention), group retention (GR, 30%), group selection (GS, 70%)), and uncut old-growth (100%). Despite a high incidence of heart-rot, live-tree and total forest (minus mineral soil) C stocks (348\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0155 and 455\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0156\u00a0Mg C ha\u22121, respectively) in uncut old-growth ITR stands were within the range of regional averages for old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest (US) and coastal cedar and hemlocks forests of BC. Intensive harvesting (CC and GR) resulted in significant reductions in total forest C stocks (78% and 64%) relative to uncut old-growth stands. By contrast, total forest C stocks in stands where high-retention harvesting (GS) occurred were reduced by only 13% (not significant) relative to uncut old-growth stands. Analysis of uncertainty identified allometric equations to be the largest contributor to total uncertainty in live-tree C stocks, indicating the need to develop more robust equations to reduce the uncertainty for more accurate evaluation of harvesting impacts in old ITRs. Although heart-rot had no significant effects on forest C stocks in this study, we need a better scientific understanding of their contribution to live-tree C in this ecosystem. Nonetheless, these results underscore the importance of conserving C-rich old ITRs where possible and the potential for high-retention harvesting to maintain C stocks in this forest type.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chris Hawkins, Arthur L. Fredeen, Eiji Matsuzaki, Paul Sanborn, Cindy Shaw,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2995887446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-18", "title": "Determining threshold values for root-soil water weighted plant water deficit index based smart irrigation", "description": "Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiaci\u00f3n del proyecto \u201cSoil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems\u201d (773903), coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Alfonso G\u00f3mez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS). Plant water deficit index (PWDI) represents the extent of water stress by relating soil moisture to the ability of a plant to take up water including consideration of the relative distribution of soil water to roots. However, for a smart irrigation decision support system, we are challenged in determining reliable thresholds of PWDI to initiate irrigation events to achieve predetermined yield and/or water use efficiency (WUE) targets. Taking drip irrigated maize and sprinkler irrigated alfalfa as examples, field experiments were conducted to investigate the choice and effects of PWDI thresholds. The results indicated that, with increasing PWDI thresholds, irrigation times and quantity of water, as well as crop transpiration, growth, and yield, were all significantly limited while WUE was enhanced except under extremely stressed conditions. To disconnect the unpredictable effects of other factors, yield and WUE were normalized to their corresponding potential values. Within the experimentally determined range of PWDI, relative yield and WUE were described with linear functions for maize, and linear and quadratic functions for alfalfa, allowing identification of the most efficient threshold value according to the objective parameter of choice. The method described can be adopted in smart irrigation decision support systems with consideration of spatial variability and after further verification and improvement under more complicated situations with various crop types and varieties, environmental conditions, cultivation modes, and wider or dynamic PWDI thresholds allowing regulated deficit irrigation. This research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0118100, 2016YFD0200303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "PWDI", "Water stress", "Alfalfa", "Water use efficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2995887446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2995887446", "name": "item", "description": "2995887446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2995887446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3129983189", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-23", "title": "Using NDVI for the assessment of canopy cover in agricultural crops within modelling research", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Meta-analysis", "Canopy cover", "NDVI", "Crop modelling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3129983189"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Electronics%20in%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3129983189", "name": "item", "description": "3129983189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3129983189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-11", "title": "Timber tensile strength in mixed stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).", "description": "AbstractThe conversion to climate-stable, resilient and productive forests has resulted in an increasing share of mixed stands. Different growth conditions and silvicultural treatments lead to an increased scatter in strength compared to what is expected from monoculture experience. The study (i) quantified the magnitude of variation in strength of European beech timber from stands of different composition and (ii) showed the impact of grading on the characteristic strength value of timber coming from those stands. Strength grading models and machine settings for hardwood tensile classes on over 900 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) boards were derived. One model used only the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn), and a more complex model used a knot value in addition. Afterwards, 407 boards from pure beech stands as well as mixed stands of beech with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were graded and analyzed for their material properties from tension tests parallel to grain. Although a variance components analysis attributed only 4.2% of the variation to mixture, the ungraded timber showed significant strength differences between the pure and the beech-pine stands (65.2 versus 46.6\uffc2\uffa0MPa). The yield of the material graded to the highest class in a class combination was higher in pure beech stands. The required characteristic strength values were mostly met for boards from the pure stands; while boards from the beech-pine mixed stands hardly ever reached the required values. To reduce strength variation and guarantee reliable timber products, strength grading should consider the various growth situations in forests when sampling material for the derivation of settings.
", "keywords": ["690", "0106 biological sciences", "Original ; Wood Science & Technology ; Ceramics", " Glass", " Composites", " Natural Materials ; Manufacturing", " Machines", " Tools", " Processes", "ddc:630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "ddc:"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wood%20Science%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00226-022-01398-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-27", "title": "Soil management in semi-arid vineyards: Combined effects of organic mulching and no-tillage under different water regimes", "description": "Optimizing water use in vineyards is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of viticulture in semi-arid regions, and this may be achieved by minimizing direct water evaporation from the soil through the use of mulching. In this context, the current study aimed at assessing the combined effects of the vine-row application of an organic mulch (vine prunings) and no-tillage under two water regimes on soil properties, plant water and nutritional status, yield and must composition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Bobal grown under semi-arid conditions. For this purpose, a field experiment in a split-plot design was carried out for three years (2016\u20132018) in a mature Bobal vineyard located in Eastern Spain. Two soil management strategies (tillage and organic mulching with no-tillage) were assessed under two water regimes (rainfed and deficit drip irrigation) with four replications per combination. Vine responses were determined by measuring midday stem water potential, leaf nutrient concentrations, pruning weight, yield components and grape composition. Soil properties were assessed at the end of the experiment. Mulching and no-tillage positively affected vine water status under both water regimes, resulting in reductions in grape phenolic composition. Interactive effects of both water regime and soil management on water use efficiency were found. Regardless of soil management practice, irrigation increased yield and pruning weight when compared to rainfed conditions. Soil management had slight effects on vine nutritional status. At the end of the experiment, soil compaction increased and infiltration decreased as a consequence of mulching and no-tillage. Organic mulch and no-tillage improved vine water status, however, considering the final soil surface compaction and low water infiltration rate, longer-term studies are necessary to assess the sustainability of combining both practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Soil management", "sustainable viticulture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "F06 Irrigation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "P11 Drainage", "Vitis vinifera L.", "Water relations", "Vitis vinifera", "Drip irrigation", "P30 Soil science and management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sustainable viticulture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2020.126198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2020.126198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-12-10", "title": "Carbon Availability Controls The Growth Of Detritivores (Lumbricidae) And Their Effect On Nitrogen Mineralization", "description": "Activity of soil decomposer microorganisms is generally limited by carbon availability, but factors controlling saprophagous soil animals remain largely unknown. In contrast to microorganisms, animals are unable to exploit mineral nutrient pools. Therefore, it has been suggested that soil animals, and earthworms in particular, are limited by the availability of nitrogen. In contrast to this view, a strong increase in density and biomass of endogeic earthworms in response to labile organic carbon addition has been documented in field experiments. The hypothesis that the growth of endogeic earthworms is primarily limited by carbon availability was tested in a laboratory experiment lasting for 10 weeks. In addition, it was investigated whether the effects of earthworms on microbial activity and nutrient mineralization depend on the availability of carbon resources. We manipulated food availability to the endogeic earthworm species Octolasion tyrtaeum by using two soils with different organic matter content, providing access to different amounts of soil, and adding labile organic carbon (glucose) enriched in (13)C. Glucose addition strongly increased the growth of O. tyrtaeum. From 8 to 17% of the total C in earthworm tissue was assimilated from the glucose added. Soil microbial biomass was not strongly affected by the addition of glucose, though basal respiration was significantly increased and up to 50% of the carbon added as glucose was incorporated into soil organic matter. The impact of earthworms on the mineralization and leaching of nitrogen depended on C availability. As expected, in C-limited soil, the presence of earthworms strongly increased nitrogen leaching. However, when C availability was increased by the addition of glucose, this pattern was reversed, i.e. the presence of O. tyrtaeum decreased nitrogen leaching and its availability to soil microflora. We conclude that irrespective of the total carbon content of soils, O. tyrtaeum was primarily limited by carbon, and that increased carbon availability allowed earthworms to be more effective in mobilizing N. The presence of earthworms increases C limitation of soil microorganisms, due to increased availability of N and P in earthworm casts or a direct depletion of easily available carbon resources by earthworms.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Population Dynamics", "Biological Availability", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Soil", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-003-1391-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-09", "title": "Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, And Base Cation Cycling 17 Years After Whole-Tree Harvesting In A Low-Elevation Red Spruce (Picea Rubens)-Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea) Forested Watershed In Central Maine, Usa", "description": "Abstract Forest harvesting and regeneration may cause changes in soil and solution chemistry that adversely affect forest productivity and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to assess soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and base cation cycling 17 years following whole-tree harvesting in a low-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) watershed (regenerating watershed) in central Maine, USA. Results for forest floor and mineral soil nutrient concentrations and pools were compared to an adjacent non-harvested 77\u201385-year-old spruce-fir watershed (reference watershed) and to preharvest conditions obtained 17 years earlier. The total soil (forest floor\u00a0+\u00a0mineral soil) exchangeable magnesium (Mg) pool was 32% and 44% lower (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), respectively, in the regenerating and reference watersheds compared to the preharvest condition. Nitrogen and exchangeable potassium (K) contents in the forest floor, however, were 26% and 65% lower (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05), respectively, for the preharvest condition compared to the reference watershed; no differences (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) occurred between the reference and regenerating watersheds. Mineral soil exchangeable calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) concentrations and contents, effective cation exchange capacity (CECe), and base saturation were at least twice as high (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the regenerating compared to the reference watershed or preharvest conditions. Changes in the N and Mg pools indicate that atmospheric deposition may be a concern for Mg depletion and N saturation at this site. However, Ca depletion does not appear to be occurring at this site as a result of either acid deposition or whole-tree harvesting, although there are indications that the reference watershed may be in the initial stages of altered Ca cycling, which may lead to depletion. Soil solution and stream nutrients were compared between the regenerating and reference watersheds. The soil solution base cation and inorganic anion concentrations were two to four times higher (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) in the reference compared to the regenerating watershed. In addition, bicarbonate (HCO3\u2212) accounted for 63% of the cation:anion balance in soil solution of the regenerating watershed, but less than 1% in the reference watershed (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Soil solution Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations at 50-cm depth in the regenerating watershed showed a linear decrease (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) 10\u201317 years after regeneration, whereas the stream Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations showed a linear increase (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) during that timeframe. No consistent temporal trends (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05) in stream Ca2+ and Mg2+ occurred in the reference watershed. Higher concentrations (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) of soil air carbon dioxide (CO2), soil solution dissolved inorganic C (DIC), and soil exchangeable Na, at or below 20\u00a0cm in the regenerating watershed suggest that these contrasting results were due to higher mineral weathering rates in the regenerating watershed. The soil elemental and exchangeable cation pools indicate that whole-tree harvesting may be a sustainable practice for at least one rotation. However, the soil solution and stream chemistry indicate that the regenerating watershed has not yet reached equilibrium for nutrient cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "James W. McLaughlin, Stephanie A. Phillips,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-22", "title": "Restoration Treatment Effects On The Understory Of Ponderosa Pine/Douglas-Fir Forests In Western Montana, Usa", "description": "Abstract Fire exclusion and high-grade logging have altered the structure and function of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests across the American West. Restoration treatments are increasingly being used in these forests to move stand density, structure, and species composition toward more historically sustainable conditions. Yet little research has focused on how restoration treatments influence the associated understory plant communities, particularly in the northern Rocky Mountains of the USA. To this end, we implemented a replicated (N\u00a0=\u00a03), randomized block experiment in a second-growth western Montana ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest that initiated after harvest in the early 1900s and has not burned since. We evaluated the effects of no action (control), silvicultural cutting (thin-only), spring burning (burn-only), and silvicultural cutting followed by spring burning (thin-burn) on the understory community. Treatments were implemented at an operational scale (9\u00a0ha). Data were collected before treatment and in three subsequent years, at two spatial scales: plot (1000\u00a0m2) and quadrat (1\u00a0m2). Richness, Simpson's evenness index, and cover were calculated for the total vascular plant community. Species origin and lifeform were used to further investigate richness and cover responses to treatment. Treatments differentially impacted the understory community, with the most dramatic changes in the thin-burn. The burn-only treatment initially reduced richness and cover of the understory, but by year three all active treatments increased plot-scale understory richness relative to pre-treatment and the control. Simpson's evenness increased the first growing season after burning, but was not influenced by treatment in subsequent years. Forbs, both native and exotic, were the most responsive lifeform and increased in richness and cover after thinning, with the greatest response in the thin-burn. Increased native richness was not detected at the quadrat-scale in any treatment, but was significant at the plot-scale in numerous combinations of treatments and years. A short-term reduction in shrub richness and abundance after burning was detected at the quadrat-scale. Sapling density was reduced in all active treatments. Although active treatments create more open overstories and increase understory diversity at the stand level, a mix of treated and untreated areas will likely maximize heterogeneity and diversity at the landscape scale.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kerry L. Metlen, Carl E. Fiedler,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-28", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Based On Crop Rotation And Tillage In The Semi-Arid Loess Plateau, China: Effects On Crop Yield And Soil Water Use", "description": "Abstract In the semi-arid Loess Plateau region, water stress is the main limiting factor for rainfed agriculture; thus, conservation agriculture has been proposed to address this problem in these areas. Since 2007, a middle- to long-term experiment was established in Heyang County, Shaanxi, a region typical of the Loess Plateau, to evaluate the impact of no-tillage (NT), subsoiling tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT) on crop yield, water use, and soil water dynamics for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) continuous cropping (WWC), spring maize (Zea mays L.) continuous cropping (SMC), and spring maize-winter wheat rotation cropping (MWR) systems. The highest four-year average wheat yield amounting to 5958\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was attained in MWR-ST, while the highest maize yield advantage averaging 772\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 was obtained in SMC-NT. There were no significant differences in evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water storage (SWS) at the sowing/harvest stage among all treatments, but the relative greater average SWS before sowing was maintained under conservation tillage practices. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) reaching 10.0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for wheat in MWR and 20.3\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 for maize in SMC was obtained under ST treatment, while the significant WUE advantage of NT compared with CT was only obtained in SMC. At key growth stages, the higher soil water content (SWC) in the 0\u2013200\u00a0cm soil profile was maintained in the conservation tillage and MWR system for wheat but in the conservation tillage and SMC system for maize. The longer-duration fallows did not produce a better effect on SWS at the sowing stage, while the reduction of soil disturbance enhanced SWS compared with CT. In summary, tillage, cropping system, and their interaction effect produced significant effects on crop production and soil water status, and the above findings might be helpful to draft appropriate management strategies to realize optimal crop yield based on water use.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ningning Chen, Xiaoli Wang, Qian Wang, Shulan Wang, Rui Wang, Wei Lyu, Yujiao Zhang, Lei Sun, Jun Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-02", "title": "Thinning And Recovery Effects On Soil Properties In Two Sites Of A Mediterranean Forest, In Cuenca Mountain (South-Eastern Of Spain)", "description": "Abstract Thinning effects on soil microbial activity and biomass in two sites of a Mediterranean forest, in Cuenca Mountain (South-eastern of Spain), were compared 2\u20136\u00a0years following treatments. In order to study changes in these properties, five plots were established; three plots in mature natural site dominated by Pinus pinaster and Quercus ilex and two plots post-wildfire natural regeneration site dominated by Quercus ilex . In each site, a silviculture treatment of thinning had been previously carried out, while the other was left as a forest control. Soil samples were taken during the dry season (July 2010) and after the first autumn rains (October 2010). The experiment consisted on a nested factorial design with two factors: the site (two levels: mature natural and regenerated) and thinning treatment nested within site effect (three levels in mature natural site: control, thinned in 2002 and thinned in 2004, and two levels within regenerated site: control and thinned in 2008).Several sensitive variables related to the soil microbial activity such as soil respiration and biomass carbon and some enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, \u03b2-glucosidase and dehydrogenase) were evaluated. Physical and chemical soil variables (organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, conductivity and carbonates) were also measured. These variables of forest soil in autumn were highest that in summer. Also the results showed that thinning have a significant effect on soil microbiological variables and soil enzymatic activities. Thinning operations tended to alter soil variables and highly reduced the organic matter content. A significant correlation was also found between microbiological and biochemical variables and physic chemical variables, organic matter and total nitrogen. Adaptative management forest plans should consider these results in order to achieve sustainable forest management, especially in the context of soil quality and Mediterranean forest subjected to wildfire disturbances.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-22", "title": "Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic", "description": "AbstractHerbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "OPEROPHTERA-BRUMATA", "MOTH HERBIVORY", "insect herbivory", "NUTRIENT RESORPTION", "EPIRRITA-AUTUMNATA", "PLANT DEFENSES", "space\u2010for\u2010time substitution", "carbon cycling", "01 natural sciences", "fast cycle versus slow cycle", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "MOUNTAIN BIRCH", "Subarctic mountain birch forest", "QH540-549.5", "Original Research", "Ekologi", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Ecology", "LEAF-AREA INDEX", "space-for-time substitution", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "Climate Science", "ECOSYSTEM CARBON", "13. Climate action", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.6803"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-28", "title": "Chronic Warming Stimulates Growth Of Marsh Grasses More Than Mangroves In A Coastal Wetland Ecotone", "description": "AbstractIncreasing temperatures and a reduction in the frequency and severity of freezing events have been linked to species distribution shifts. Across the globe, mangrove ranges are expanding toward higher latitudes, likely due to diminishing frequency of freezing events associated with climate change. Continued warming will alter coastal wetland plant dynamics both above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground, potentially altering plant capacity to keep up with sea level rise. We conducted an in situ warming experiment, in northeast Florida, to determine how increased temperature (+2\uffc2\uffb0C) influences co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring mangrove and salt marsh plants. Warming was achieved using passive warming with three treatment levels (ambient, shade control, warmed). Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, exhibited no differences in growth or height due to experimental warming, but displayed a warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in leaf production (48%). Surprisingly, Distichlis spicata, the dominant salt marsh grass, increased in biomass (53% in 2013 and 70% in 2014), density (41%) and height (18%) with warming during summer months. Warming decreased plant root mass at depth and changed abundances of anaerobic bacterial taxa. Even while the poleward shift of mangroves is clearly controlled by the occurrences of severe freezes, chronic warming between these freeze events may slow the progression of mangrove dominance within ecotones.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "13. Climate action", "Climate Change", "Wetlands", "Florida", "Avicennia", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-26", "title": "Simulating water lateral inflow and its contribution to spatial variations of rainfed wheat yields", "description": "Spatial variations of crop yields are commonly observed in typical rainfed systems worldwide. It is accepted that such variations are likely to be associated, among other factors, with water spatial variations due to lateral water flows occurring in fields with undulating topography. However, some of the main processes governing water spatial distribution such as lateral flow are not entirely considered by the most commonly adopted crop simulation models. This brings uncertainty to the process of yield simulation at field-scale, especially under water-limited conditions. Although it is expected that lateral water movement determines spatial variations of crop yields, it is still unclear what is the net contribution of lateral water inflows (LIF) to spatial variations of rainfed yields in fields of undulating topography. In this sense, by combining field experimentation, simulation models (HYDRUS-1D and AquaCrop), and the use of artificial neural networks, we assessed the occurrence and magnitude of LIF, and their impact on wheat yields in Cordoba, Spain, over a 30-year period. Seasonal precipitation varied over 30 years from 212.8 to 759.5 mm, and cumulative LIF ranged from 30 to 125 mm. The ratio of seasonal cumulative LIF divided by seasonal precipitation varied from 10.7% to 38.9% over the 30 years. The net contribution of LIF to spatial variations of rainfed potential yields showed to be relevant but highly irregular among years. Despite the inter-annual variability, typical of Mediterranean conditions, the occurrence of LIF caused simulated wheat yields to vary + 16% from up to downslope areas of the field. The net yield responses to LIF, in downslope areas were on average 383 kg grain yield (GY) ha\u22121, and the LIF marginal water productivity reached 24.6 ( \u00b1 13.2) kg GY ha\u22121 mm\u22121 in years of maximum responsiveness. Decision makers are encouraged to take water spatial variations into account when adjusting management to different potential yielding zones within the same field. However, this process is expected to benefit from further advances in in-season weather forecasting that should be coupled with a methodological approach such as the one presented here. This research received funding from the European Commission under project SHui - Grant agreement ID 773903 and also from the Spanish Government under Grant PID2019-105793RB-I00. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126515"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Trace Elements And Activity Of Antioxidative Enzymes In Cistus Ladanifer L. Growing On An Abandoned Mine Area", "description": "The Mediterranean shrub Cistus ladanifer grows naturally in S\u00e3o Domingos (Portugal), an abandoned copper mine. High levels of trace elements in plants can generate oxidative stress increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the activity of the soluble and cell wall ionically bounded forms of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves of C. ladanifer, collected in spring and summer, growing on S\u00e3o Domingos mine and on a non-contaminated area (Pomar\u00e3o). S\u00e3o Domingos soils showed high total concentrations of As (2.6 g kg(-1)) and Pb (7.3 g kg(-1)) however the available fraction represented less than 1.5% of the total. C. ladanifer population from mine showed tolerance to Pb and Zn, which attain in leaves concentrations considered toxic for plants. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase varied with plant populations and seasons, although with no particular trend, being specific to each trace element and enzyme cell localization. Catalase activity was evenly distributed between the soluble and ionically bounded forms, whereas the ionically bounded form of peroxidase predominated relatively to total activity, and the opposite was observed for superoxide dismutase. Spring and summer leaves from the two areas presented enzymatic activities in both fractions except to peroxidase soluble activities in leaves collected in summer. C. ladanifer enzymatic activity seems to be related with the co-existence of different stress factors (trace elements concentration, temperature, UV radiation and drought). The survival and growth of this species on contaminated mining soils is due to the presence of effective antioxidant enzyme-based defence systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "trace elements", "Industrial Waste", "antioxidative enzymes", "Antioxidative enzymes", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Cell Wall", "Soil Pollutants", "adaptative capacity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "Cistus", "Adaptative capacity", "15. Life on land", "Sulphide abandoned mine", "cistus ladanifer L.", "Trace Elements", "Plant Leaves", "Oxidative Stress", "sulphide abandoned mine", "Cistus ladanifer L.", "Oxidoreductases", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-12", "title": "Relationship Between Soil Properties and Banana Productivity in the Two Main Cultivation Areas in Venezuela", "description": "Open AccessTo identify the main edaphic variables most correlated to banana productivity in Venezuela and explore the development of an empirical correlation model to predict this productivity based on soil characteristics. Six agricultural fields located in two of the main banana production areas of Venezuela were selected. The experimental sites were in large farms (\u2265\u200950 ha) with four productivity levels in \u201cGran Nain\u201d bananas, with an area of 4 ha for each of four productive levels: High - High, High - Low, Low - High, and Low - Low. Sixty sampling points were used to characterize the soils under study. Additionally, a Productivity Index (PI) based on three different biometric data on plant productivity was proposed. Through hierarchical statistical analysis, the first 16 soil variables that best explained the PI were selected. Thus, five multiple linear regression models were estimated, using the stepwise regression method. Subsequently, a performance analysis was used to compare the prediction quality range and the error associated with the number of soil variables selected for the proposed models. The selected model included the following soil variables: Mg, penetration resistance, total microbial respiration, bulk density, and omnivorous free-living nematodes. These variables explain the PI with an R2 of 0.55, the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.8, and the root of the mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.0. The five selected variables are proposed to characterize the soil Productivity Index in banana and could be used in a site-specific soil management program for the banana areas of Venezuela.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Penetration resistance", "Musaceae", "BULK DENSITY", "SOIL QUALITY", "Total microbial respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TOTAL MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Bulk density", "Soil quality", "FREE-LIVING NEMATODES", "MUSACEAE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Free-living nematodes", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-04", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Metabolism Under Elevated Co2 And O-3", "description": "Atmospheric CO(2) and O(3) concentrations are increasing due to human activity and both trace gases have the potential to alter C cycling in forest ecosystems. Because soil microorganisms depend on plant litter as a source of energy for metabolism, changes in the amount or the biochemistry of plant litter produced under elevated CO(2) and O(3) could alter microbial community function and composition. Previously, we have observed that elevated CO(2) increased the microbial metabolism of cellulose and chitin, whereas elevated O(3) dampened this response. We hypothesized that this change in metabolism under CO(2) and O(3) enrichment would be accompanied by a concomitant change in fungal community composition. We tested our hypothesis at the free-air CO(2) and O(3) enrichment (FACE) experiment at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, in which Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera, and Acer saccharum were grown under factorial CO(2) and O(3) treatments. We employed extracellular enzyme analysis to assay microbial metabolism, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to determine changes in microbial community composition, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to analyze the fungal community composition. The activities of 1,4-beta-glucosidase (+37%) and 1,4,-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (+84%) were significantly increased under elevated CO(2), whereas 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity (-25%) was significantly suppressed by elevated O(3). There was no significant main effect of elevated CO(2) or O(3) on fungal relative abundance, as measured by PLFA. We identified 39 fungal taxonomic units from soil using DGGE, and found that O(3) enrichment significantly altered fungal community composition. We conclude that fungal metabolism is altered under elevated CO(2) and O(3), and that there was a concomitant change in fungal community composition under elevated O(3). Thus, changes in plant inputs to soil under elevated CO(2) and O(3) can propagate through the microbial food web to alter the cycling of C in soil.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Food Chain", "Extracellular Enzymes", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Polymerase Chain Reaction\u2013Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Microbial Community", "Soil", "Ozone", "Health Sciences", "Acetylglucosaminidase", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "beta-Glucosidase", "Fatty Acids", "Fungi", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Fungal Metabolism", "Carbon", "Free-air CO 2 and O 3 Enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Extracellular Space"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0249-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-10-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-20", "title": "Managing Semi-Arid Woodlands For Carbon Storage: Grazing And Shrub Effects On Above- And Belowground Carbon", "description": "Abstract Shrub cover has increased in semi-arid regions worldwide. This change has generally been viewed as land degradation, due to shrub-induced declines in pastoral productivity. As a consequence, widespread management treatments to reduce shrub density have been applied in many pastoral areas. These treatments, however, often do not have long-term positive benefits for forage production. Alternative uses for shrub-encroached lands have received little consideration, but a recent move towards economic incentives for carbon (C) storage could lead to financially viable alternative land management strategies. We examined changes in above- and belowground C storage following 20 years of factorial land management treatments (grazing/no grazing and shrub removal/no removal) in an Australian semi-arid woodland. Disturbance by shrub removal (root ploughing) and/or livestock grazing significantly reduced the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC). The most disturbed treatment (grazed and ploughed) contained the least SOC (15.30\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ) while protection from grazing and shrub removal led to the greatest SOC (28.49\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha \u22121 ). Declines in SOC in shrub removal treatments (with and without grazing) were compensated, in part, by enhanced aboveground C accumulation, derived mainly from woody plants. Destocking currently grazed shrublands for two decades resulted in a net C accretion, over 20 years, in the order of 6.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121 , almost entirely through increasing belowground C. At the current price for C in Australia, the economic benefit for C accumulation from removing livestock grazing would be similar to the economic benefit of grazing. The results suggest that C farming in this semi-arid woodland system may offer an economically viable alternative management strategy to grazing, although uncertainties in future climate, C credit value, and assessment protocols present hurdles for implementing alternative management aimed at C farming.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Respiration And Biomass In Quercus Variabilis Blume And Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings", "description": "AbstractKey messageIn the open-field warming experiment using infrared heaters, 3\u00a0\u00b0C warming affected soil respiration more in the deciduousQuercus variabilisBlume plot than in the evergreenPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. plot, but did not affect the plant biomass in either species.ContextUnderstanding the species-specific responses of belowground carbon processes to warming is essential for the accurate prediction of forest carbon cycles in ecosystems affected by future climate change.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental warming on soil CO2 efflux, soil-air CO2 concentration, and plant biomass for two taxonomically different temperate tree species.MethodsExperimental warming was conducted in an open-field planted with Q. variabilis and P. densiflora seedlings. Infrared heaters increased the air temperature by 3\u00a0\u00b0C in the warmed plots compared with the air temperature in the control plots over a 2-year period.ResultsThe increase in air and soil temperature stimulated soil CO2 efflux by 29 and 22\u00a0% for the Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, respectively. Seasonal variation in the warming effect on soil CO2 efflux was species-specific. Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to both soil temperature and soil water content. The soil moisture deficit decreased the difference in soil CO2 efflux between the control and warmed plots. Warming did not affect soil CO2 concentration and plant biomass in either species; however, the mean soil CO2 concentration was positively correlated with root and total biomass.ConclusionWarming increased soil CO2 efflux in both Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, while the increase showed remarkable seasonal variations and different magnitudes for the two species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil temperature", "evergreen tree", "soil water", "Red pine", "seedling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "Pinus resinosa", "Climate change", "Pinus densiflora", "seasonal variation", "concentration (composition)", "Quercus variabilis", "Oriental oak", "carbon dioxide", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "air temperature", "carbon flux", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "coniferous tree", "phytomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experimental warming", "soil moisture", "deciduous tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-31", "title": "Effectiveness Of Fuel Treatments For Mitigating Wildfire Risk And Sequestering Forest Carbon: A Case Study In The Lake Tahoe Basin", "description": "Fuel-reduction treatments are used extensively to reduce wildfire risk and restore forest diversity and function. In the near future, increasing regulation of carbon (C) emissions may force forest managers to balance the use of fuel treatments for reducing wildfire risk against an alternative goal of C sequestration. The objective of this study was to evaluate how long-term fuel treatments mitigate wildfires and affect forest C. For the Lake Tahoe Basin in the central Sierra Nevada, USA, fuel treatment efficiency was explored with a landscape-scale simulation model, LANDIS-II, using five fuel treatment scenarios and two (contemporary and potential future) fire regimes. Treatment scenarios included applying a combination of light (hand) and moderate (mechanical) forest thinning continuously through time and transitioning from these prescriptions to a more mid-seral thinning prescription, both on a 15 and 30 year rotation interval. In the last scenario, fuel treatments were isolated to around the lake shore (nearby urban settlement) to simulate a low investment alternative were future resources may be limited. Results indicated that the forest will remain a C sink regardless of treatment or fire regime simulated, due to the landscape legacy of historic logging. Achievement of a net C gain required decades with intensive treatment and depended on wildfire activity: Fuel treatments were more effective in a more active fire environment, where the interface between wildfires and treatment areas increased and caused net C gain earlier than as compared to our scenarios with less wildfire activity. Fuel treatments were most effective when continuously applied and strategically placed in high ignition areas. Treatment type and re-application interval were less influential at the landscape scale, but had notable effects on species dynamics within management units. Treatments created more diverse forest conditions by shifting dominance patterns to a more mixed conifer system, with a higher proportion of fire-tolerant species. We demonstrated that a small amount of wildfire on the landscape resulted in significant changes in the C pool, and that strategically placed fuel treatments substantially reduced wildfire risk, increased fire resiliency of the forest, and is beneficial for long-term C management. Implications for landscape management included consideration for prioritization of treatment areas and creating ideal re-entry schedules that meet logistic, safety, and conservation goals. In forests with a concentrated wildland urban interface, fuel treatments may be vital for ensuring human welfare and enhancing forest integrity in a fire-prone future. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment", "Firescaping", "Wildfire risk", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Natural Resources Management and Policy", "Carbon sequestration -- California -- Case studies", "Prescribed burning", "Forest management -- California -- Lake Tahoe basin", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2020.107082", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-23", "title": "Crop type and within-field location as sources of intraspecific variations in the phenology and the production of floral and fruit resources by weeds", "description": "Abstract In arable farming, weeds provide important floral and seed resources that have the potential to support the provision of ecosystem services such as pollination or pest control. Estimating the production of these weed resources in the landscape is however not trivial as large-scale surveys of weed communities are usually conducted once in the season with a timing that may not coincide with the flowering and fruiting stages of all weed species. More, intraspecific variation in the mortality and phenology of individual weed species may arise from differences in the quality of the growing environment of each plant. In this study, we monitored the phenology of 30 common weed species in the field core and the field edge of 64 commercial fields grown with 6 crop types. Our hypothesis was that the production of resources by an individual plant would be modulated by its within-field location and by the crop type where it grows. We quantified floral (proportion, starting date and duration of flowering, dry biomass at flowering as a proxy for the amount of flowers) and seed resource production (proportion and starting date of fruiting). For most species, flowering and fruiting success were higher in field edges than in field cores and were lower in cereal crops than in other crops. Weeds flowered and fruited earlier and the flowering period was longer in field edges, except those of cereal crops. Dry biomass at flowering varied with field location either way, depending on the weed species, but tended to be lower in cereal crops than in other crops. This important intraspecific phenological variability in the production of seed and/or flower or resources should be considered when evaluating the contribution of weed communities to ecosystem services. It also suggests that within an agricultural landscape, the amount, timing and duration of provision of services by weeds could be enhanced by maintaining sufficient lengths of field edges and by growing a diversity of crop types.", "keywords": ["580", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "pollination", "farming management", "edge", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "field", "phenology", "01 natural sciences", "630", "flowering success", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "pest control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2020.107082", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2020.107082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-18", "title": "Survival and growth as measures of shade tolerance of planted western redcedar, western hemlock and amabilis fir seedlings in hemlock-fir forests of northern Vancouver Island", "description": "We examined two measures of shade tolerance (survival and growth) of planted 1-year-old seedlings of western redcedar (Thuja plicata (Donn ex D. Don)), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla ([Raf.] Sarg.)) and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis ([Dougl. ex Loud] Dougl. ex Forbes)). Seedlings were planted at two different sites (forest interior: 4.5% mean above canopy photosynthetically active radiation [ACPAR], and forest edge: 41.5% mean ACPAR), in a 90-year-old, windthrow origin, unmanaged mesic western hemlock-amabilis fir stand. Seedlings were planted in 1997, and re-measured in 1998 and 2001 (after five growing seasons). To assess the effects of deer browsing on redcedar survival and growth, additional seedlings of this species were planted and protected with Vexar\u00a9 tubes. To examine for nutrient-light interactions, half of these seedlings were fertilized with N-P-K and micronutrients at planting. Western redcedar had high levels of survival after 4 years (98% in edge plots and 93% in interior plots). Redcedar seedlings in edge plots were more vigorous but were browsed more heavily than in the interior plots. At edge sites, the negative effects of the Vexar\u00a9 tubes may have been lower than their positive effects. Hemlock survival was about 50% in the stand interior but 80% in the edge plots. Amabilis fir in the interior plots had the lowest survival of the three species, with only 40% of initial seedlings surviving over the next four years, but had high survival in edge plots (95%). Height, biomass, and root collar diameter growth were significantly higher in edge plots for fir and hemlock. However, for redcedar, only biomass was significantly higher and no differences were detected for height and diameter. Our results show that shade tolerance cannot be assessed by simple measures of leaf/light relationships alone, but also requires consideration of light, nutrition, growth and browsing.", "keywords": ["Seedling survival", "0106 biological sciences", "Light-nutrient interactions", "Edge effects", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Light tolerance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Seedling growth", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-09", "title": "Early Forest Thinning Changes Aboveground Carbon Distribution Among Pools, But Not Total Amount", "description": "Mounting concerns about global climate change have increased interest in the potential to use common forest management practices, such as forest density management with thinning, in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Long-term effects of forest density management on total aboveground C are not well understood, especially for precommercial thinning (PCT) implemented very early in stand development. To assess the climate change mitigation potential of PCT, as well as tradeoffs with climate change adaptation, we examined total aboveground C stores in a 54-year-old western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) precommercial thinning experiment to determine how different PCT treatments affect long-term aboveground C storage and distribution among pools. Four aboveground C pools (live overstory, live understory/mid-story, woody detritus, and forest floor) were measured and separated into C accumulated prior to initiation of the current stand (legacy C) and C accumulated by the current stand (non-legacy C). PCT had no influence on the total non-legacy aboveground C stores 54 years after treatment. Live tree C was nearly identical across densities due to much larger trees in low density treatments. Low density stands had more understory and mid-story C while unthinned plots had significantly more non-legacy woody detritus C than thinned stands. Legacy pools did not vary significantly with density, but made up a substantial proportion of aboveground C stores. We found that: (1) fifty-four years after PCT total aboveground C is similar across treatments, due primarily to the increase in mean tree C of trees grown at lower stand densities; (2) deadwood legacies from the pre-disturbance forest still play an important role in long-term C storage 62 years after current stand initiation, accounting for approximately 20\u201325% of aboveground C stores; and (3) given enough time since early thinning, there is no trade-off between managing stands to promote individual tree growth and development of understory vegetation, and maximizing stand level accumulation of aboveground C over the long term. We infer that early PCT can be used to simultaneously achieve climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives, provided treatments are implemented early in stand development before canopy closure and the onset of intense intertree competition.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-20", "title": "Estimating stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration of winter wheat using a soil-plant water relations-based stress index", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Water stress", "Penman-Monteith", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil-plant water relations", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil matric potential", "15. Life on land", "Jarvis model", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-20", "title": "Timing leaf senescence : a generalized additive models for location, scale and shape approach", "description": "Accurate estimations of phenophases in deciduous trees are important to understand forest ecosystems and their feedback on the climate. In particular, the timing of leaf senescence is of fundamental importance to trees' nutrient stoichiometry and drought tolerance and therefore to trees' vigor and fecundity. Nevertheless, there is no integrated view on the significance, and direction, of seasonal trends in leaf senescence, especially for years characterized by extreme weather events. Difficulties in the acquisition and analyses of hierarchical data can account for this. We collected four years of chlorophyll content index (CCI) measurements in thirty-eight individuals of four deciduous tree species (Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in Belgium, Norway and Spain, and analyzed these data using generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). As a result, (I) the phenological strategy and seasonal trend of leaf senescence in these tree species could be clarified for exceptionally dry and warm years, and (II) the daily average (air) temperature, global radiation, and vapor pressure deficit could be established as main drivers behind the variation in the timing of the senescence transition date. Our results show that the onset of the re-organization phase in the leaf senescence, which we approximated and defined as local minima in the second derivative of a CCI graph, was in all species mainly negatively affected by the average temperature, global radiation and vapor pressure deficit. All together the variables explained 89 to 98% of the variability in the leaf senescence timing. An additional finding is that the generalized beta type 2 and generalized gamma distributions are well suited to model the chlorophyll content index, while the senescence transition date can be modeled using the normal-exponential-student-t, generalized gamma and zero-inflated Box-Cox Cole and Green distributions for beech, oak and birch, and poplar, respectively.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Physics", "ta1183", "Silver birch", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Generalized additive models for location", "Scale and shape", "European beech", "Pedunculate oak", "Chemistry", "Leaf senescence", "13. Climate action", "European aspen", "ta1181", "0101 mathematics", "Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-06", "title": "Mechanical Control Of Shrubs In A Semiarid Region Of Argentina And Its Effect On Soil Water Content And Grassland Productivity", "description": "Abstract Mechanical shrub control with roller choppers can be an inexpensive and non contaminant system for increasing grassland production in rangelands dry regions. A field experiment was carried out between October 1997 and October 2001 in the \u201cCaldenal-Jarillal\u201d botanic district of Argentina, a natural rangeland ecosystem with a high water deficit throughout much of the year. The trial was conducted on a Typic Ustortent and consisted of the following treatments: a control, the undisturbed natural condition (N), and rolled with (I) and without (R) interseeding of Panicum coloratum . Results showed that I and R improved soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, dry matter production of grasses, amount of litter and water use efficiency as compared to N. The positive effect of rolling on soil water content was detected only in autumn months when water balance was positive. In summer months, when a negative water balance occurred, soil water content of rolled treatments was not different from that of the unrolled one. Consumptive water use was similar in rolled and unrolled treatments, and equivalent to the rainfall, reflecting the low soil water-holding capacity. The higher efficiency of water use in rolled treatments indicated that grasses were more efficient in using the consumed water. The I and R treatments had similar values of soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, grass dry matter production, amount of litter and water use efficiency. However, a higher grass dry matter production in R than in I was noticed in part of the last year of this study. Grass dry matter production increased at the same rate in all treatments after 4 years, but litter remained constant in the unrolled treatment and decreased in the rolled ones. Mechanical shrub control with a roller chopper decreased shrub competition, thereby increasing the productivity of the ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rolling", "Natural Grasses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Shrub Control", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Semiarid Regions", "Water Balance", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106496", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-11", "title": "Effects of rainwater harvesting system on soil moisture in rain-fed orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau", "description": "Abstract Rainwater is a primary water source for the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau where an improved efficiency of rainwater utilization is crucial for sustainable agricultural development. A new system, comprised of rainwater harvesting, concentrating infiltration with multi-holed pipe and mulching (RIM), was designed to sustain soil moisture at a proper level in rain-fed orchards in the hilly and gully loess region of China. This study monitored changes in soil moisture and distribution over soil profiles using four treatments: (a) RIM1 with two rainwater harvesting areas, two infiltration pipes and film mulching, (b) RIM2 with one rainwater harvesting area, one infiltration pipe and film mulching, (c) film mulching (FM) only and (d) traditional apple orchard as a control treatment (CK) as a baseline in this experiment. The results showed that mean soil moisture content (SMC) in a range of soil layer between 0 cm and 300 cm for RIM1 and RIM2 treatments increased by 43.01% and 34.78% in 2018 and 30.55% and 26.41% in 2019, respectively. Dividing the soil vertical profile into three layers, i.e., an easy-changing layer (0\u221260 cm), an increasing or decreasing layer (60\u2212180 cm), and a relatively steady layer (180\u2212300 cm), this study examined the vertical changes of soil moisture. The RIM1 and RIM2 treatments induced a large increase in the size and depth of wetted areas over the whole soil layers. The soil moisture was replenished to a horizontal distance of 1.5 m and 2.5 m apart from the trunk within the soil layer between 60 cm and 300 cm under the RIM1 treatment while only the horizontal distance of 1.5 m apart from the trunk under the RIM2 treatment. While the seasonal variation of SMC in the easy-changing soil layer (0\u221260 cm) corresponded to precipitation consistently, the SMC in the deep soil layers (60\u2212300 cm) was not sensitive to precipitation. As a result, the treatments of RIM1, RIM2 and FM improved apple yield and crop water productivity compared with those under the control treatment. In particular, the RIM1 treatment performed the best among the treatments investigated in this study. The results highlighted the efficiency of the RIM system in enhancing the soil moisture, which may be useful to improve an orchard production for rain-fed orchards in the loess hilly and gully region of China.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106496"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106496", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106496", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106496"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-05", "title": "Performance of the HYDRUS-1D model for water balance components assessment of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in semi-arid region of Morocco", "description": "Abstract The main goal of this research was to evaluate the potential of the HYDRUS-1D numerical model for estimating the soil moisture (\u03b8) at different depths, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) and its components (crop transpiration, Ta and soil evaporation, Ea) as well as the deep percolation (DP) of irrigated winter wheat under different water managements in the semi-arid region of Tensift-basin (central Morocco). The HYDRUS-1D simulations were performed at daily time step during the two growing seasons: 2002/2003 and 2015/2016. The model was firstly calibrated based on one field \u201cdenoted F1\u201d data during the 2002/2003 cropping season by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method implemented in HYDRUS-1D model for optimizing various parameters of Van Genuchten equation that provide the minimum difference between measured and simulated soil moisture at four layers of soil (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201330, 30\u201350\u00a0cm). Afterwards, the model validation was done based on the data from four fields of wheat: two fields \u201cdenoted F2 and F3\u201d during the 2002/2003 and two other fields \u201cdenoted F4 and F5\u201d during the 2015/2016 cropping season. All fields were irrigated with flooding system except the field F5 where drip irrigation was undertaken. In-situ measurements of \u03b8 was carried out using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric method ETa was measured by the Eddy Covariance system Ta and Ea were monitored using a lysimeter in F5 field. The results showed that the HYDRUS-1D model simulates the \u03b8, ETa, Ta and Ea reasonably well. Additionally, the evaluation of the irrigation system on DP losses was investigated by comparing the simulation results over flood (F4) and drip (F5) irrigated fields. It was found that about 56% and 20% of seasonal supplied water were lost by DP in F4 and F5 sites, respectively. Such unexpected high amount of DP taking place in F5 field is due to the improper use of the drip irrigation system.", "keywords": ["690", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDV.SA.STA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Eddy covariance", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "deep percolation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "Winter wheat", "[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture", "Deep percolation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Eddy Covariance", "HYDRUS-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-30", "title": "Evaluation Of Water And Nitrogen Use Efficiencies In A Double Cropping System Under Different Integrated Management Practices Based On A Model Approach", "description": "Abstract Irrigation, fertilization, and cultivation managements play important roles in crop production in the North China Plain (NCP). This study aims to compare crop yields, and water and N use efficiencies (WUE and NUE) in a wheat\u2013maize cropping system under different integrated management practices and recommend the best management practices (BMPs). A two-year experiment involving four integrated management practices was conducted in Tai\u2019an City, Shandong Province in the NCP. These management practices were designed as follows: (1) traditional farming practice (FP); (2) optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-1); (3) practice for high yield (HY), which does not consider the cost of resource inputs to maximize grain yield; and (4) further optimized combination of cropping and fertilization (OPT-2), which is based on the HY practice. Soil water movement, nitrate transport, and crop growth were all simulated using the soil water, heat, carbon, and N simulation (WHCNS) model. Results indicated that simulated soil water content and nitrate concentration at different depths in soil profiles, leaf area index, dry matter weight, and grain yield were all in good agreement with the field-measured data. Simulation results indicated that the amounts and dates of irrigation and fertilization, planting method, planting density, and sowing date had obvious effects on grain yield, water drainage, total N loss, WUE, and NUE. The annual average total N loss under the OPT-1 practice decreased by about 28.6% compared with the FP practice, whereas the annual average grain yield and NUE increased by 27.7% and 25.7%, respectively. The largest annual average grain yield and total N loss occurred in the HY practice (23,590\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 and 240.6\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , respectively). Although the annual average grain yield of the OPT-2 practice was 15.4% lower than that of HY practice, the NUE was 19.2% higher in OPT-2 than in HY. The annual average nitrate leaching under the OPT-2 practice was the lowest and reached 25.5%\u201360.0% compared with those under other practices. Among the four practices, the OPT-2 practice achieved the most preferable results; the lowest N loss and the highest NUE were obtained at the expense of a slight decrease in grain yield. Therefore, the OPT-2 practice was the BMPs among the four practices and should be recommended to maximize the economic and environmental benefits in the study region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jiwang Zhang, Mingrong He, Baoguo Li, Kelin Hu, Zhoujing Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-20", "title": "A simple and alternative approach based on reference evapotranspiration and leaf area index for estimating tree transpiration in semi-arid regions", "description": "Abstract The present work aims to develop a simple approach relating normalized daily sap flow (liters per unit of leaf area) and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) (mm/day). Two methods (FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) and Hargreaves-Samani (HARG)) of the calculation of ET 0 were tested in order to examine their impact on the established relationships. The data sets used for developing this approach are taken over well irrigated orchards from three experimental sites (olive trees, cv. \u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d, olive trees, cv. \u201c Arbequino \u201d and citrus trees cv. \u201c Clementine Afourar \u201d) conducted in the Tensift region around Marrakech (center of Morocco) and one experimental site (pecan orchard, cv. \u201c Carya illinoinensis, Wangenh. K. Koch\u201d ) conducted in the Yaqui Valley, northwest of Mexico). The results showed that the normalized daily sap flow was linearly correlated with ET 0 (mm per day) calculated by FAO-PM method. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the slope of this linear regression varied between 0.71 and 0.97 and between 0.30 and 0.35, respectively, depending on the type of orchards. For HARG method, the relationship between both terms is also linear but with more discrepancy (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.7). This was somehow expected since this method is known to underestimate ET 0 values in the semi-arid areas. Afterward, the validation of the developed linear relationship was performed over an olive orchard (\u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d) where the measurements of sap flow were available for another cropping season (2004). The scatter plot between the normalized measured and estimated sap flow based on FAO-PM method reveals a very good agreement (slope\u00a0=\u00a01, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.14\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). However, for the estimation of normalized sap flow based on HARG method, the correlation is relatively more scattered (slope\u00a0=\u00a00.95, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.35\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). A further validation was performed using the measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) by eddy correlation system and the results showed that the correlation between normalized measured ET and estimated normalized sap flow is best when using FAO-PM method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.33\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area) for estimating ET 0 than when using HARG method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u00a0L/m 2 leaf area). Finally, the performance of the developed approach was compared to the traditional dual crop coefficient scheme for estimating plant transpiration. Cross-comparison of these two approaches with the measurements data gave satisfactory results with an average value of RMSE equal to about 0.37\u00a0mm/day for both approaches.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Semi-arid", "Sap flow", "Leaf area index", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Reference evapotranspiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Tree orchards", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-18", "title": "Impacts of plastic film mulching on crop yields, soil water, nitrate, and organic carbon in Northwestern China: A meta-analysis", "description": "In order to increase crop yield in semi-arid and arid areas, plastic film mulching (PFM) is widely used in Northwestern China. To date, many studies have addressed the effects of PFM on soil physical and biochemical properties in rain-fed agriculture in Northwestern China, but the findings of different studies are often contradictory. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the impacts of PFM on soil water content, soil nutrients and food production is needed. We compiled the results of 1278 observations to evaluate the overall effects of PFM on soil water content, the distribution of nitrate and soil organic carbon, and crop yield in rain-fed agriculture in Northwestern China. Our results showed that PFM increased soil moisture and nitrate concentration in topsoils (0-20\u202fcm) by 12.9% and 28.2%, respectively, but slightly decreased (1.8%) soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the 0-10\u202fcm soil layer. PFM significantly increased grain yields by 43.1%, with greatest effect in spring maize (79.4%). When related to cumulative precipitation during the crop growing season, yield increase from PFM was greatest (72.8%) at 200-300\u202fmm, which was attributed to the large increase for spring maize and potato, implying that crop zoning would be beneficial for PFM in this region. When related to N application rate, crop yields benefited most from PFM (80.2%) at 200-300\u202fkg/ha. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that PFM increased economic return by an average of 29.5%, with the best improvement for spring maize (71.1%) and no increase for spring wheat. In conclusion, PFM can significantly increase crop yield and economic return (especially for spring maize) in rain-fed agriculture areas of Northwestern China. Crop zoning is recommended for PFM to achieve the largest economic benefit. However, full account needs to be taken of the environmental impacts relating to N loss, SOC depletion and film pollution to evaluate the sustainability of PFM systems and further research is required to quantify and mitigate these impacts.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Plastic film mulching; Economic benefit; Grain yield; Soil water content; Nitrate", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/636573", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Root phenotypes for improved nitrogen capture", "description": "Abstract BackgroundSuboptimal nitrogen availability is a primary constraint for crop production in low-input agroecosystems, while nitrogen fertilization is a primary contributor to the energy, economic, and environmental costs of crop production in high-input agroecosystems. In this article we consider avenues to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture and reduced requirement for nitrogen fertilizer.
ScopeIntraspecific variation for an array of root phenotypes has been associated with improved nitrogen capture in cereal crops, including architectural phenotypes that colocalize root foraging with nitrogen availability in the soil; anatomical phenotypes that reduce the metabolic costs of soil exploration, improve penetration of hard soil, and exploit the rhizosphere; subcellular phenotypes that reduce the nitrogen requirement of plant tissue; molecular phenotypes exhibiting optimized nitrate uptake kinetics; and rhizosphere phenotypes that optimize associations with the rhizosphere microbiome. For each of these topics we provide examples of root phenotypes which merit attention as potential selection targets for crop improvement. Several cross-cutting issues are addressed including the importance of soil hydrology and impedance, phenotypic plasticity, integrated phenotypes, in silico modeling, and breeding strategies using high throughput phenotyping for co-optimization of multiple phenes.
ConclusionsSubstantial phenotypic variation exists in crop germplasm for an array of root phenotypes that improve nitrogen capture. Although this topic merits greater research attention than it currently receives, we have adequate understanding and tools to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture. Root phenotypes are underutilized yet attractive breeding targets for the development of the nitrogen efficient crops urgently needed in global agriculture.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Plasticity", "Marschner Review", "Nitrogen", "Physiology", "Nitrogen; Root; Anatomy; Architecture; Soil; Crop breeding; Root phenotyping; Modeling; Rhizosphere; Plasticity; Physiology", "Modeling", "Root phenotyping", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Root", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Architecture", "Rhizosphere", "Crop breeding", "Anatomy", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/636573"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/636573", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/636573", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/636573"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0106+biological+sciences&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0106+biological+sciences&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0106+biological+sciences&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0106+biological+sciences&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2895, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T04:16:44.339319Z"}