{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-20", "title": "Exploration of cephalexin adsorption mechanisms onto bauxite and palygorskite and regeneration of spent adsorbents with cold plasma bubbling", "description": "Abstract<p>The aim of the present study was the direct comparison of two popular minerals, bauxite and palygorskite, as adsorbents for the removal of cephalexin (CPX) from aqueous solutions and the regeneration of the spent adsorbents through cold atmospheric plasma. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, initial CPX concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The adsorbents were characterized by ATR-FTIR, N2 sorption, SEM and XRD, while several isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were evaluated attempting to shed light on the adsorption mechanisms. CPX adsorption on both adsorbents was better described by Langmuir model, with an adsorption capacity of 112.36\uffc2\uffa0mg/g for palygorskite and 11.79\uffc2\uffa0mg/g for bauxite. Thermodynamics revealed the endothermic and the spontaneous character of the process, indicating chemisorption as the main adsorption mechanism for both adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order and the Elovich models fitted satisfactorily the adsorption onto bauxite, while adsorption onto palygorskite was well presented by Weber\uffe2\uff80\uff93Morris model, indicating that pore diffusion is also involved in the process. The adsorption capacity of both minerals decreased significantly after being used for several adsorption cycles and then almost completely recovered (regeneration efficiency was 99.6% and 98% for palygorskite and bauxite, respectively) inside a novel cold plasma microbubble reactor energized by high-voltage nanopulses, revealing the potential of these adsorbents to be reused. In addition to the regeneration of the adsorbents, the cold plasma completely eliminated the CPX transferred from the solid to the aqueous phase during the regeneration process.</p", "keywords": ["Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes", "Antibiotics", "Adsorbent regeneration", "Cold atmospheric plasma", "Wastewater treatment", "Adsorption", "02 engineering and technology", "Plasma bubbles", "0204 chemical engineering", "TD201-500", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Water%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13201-024-02101-w"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-01", "title": "Temperature control as key factor for optimal biohydrogen production from thermomechanical pulping wastewater", "description": "Abstract   This study evaluates the use of non-pretreated thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater as a potential substrate for hydrogen production by dark fermentation. Batch incubations were conducted in a temperature gradient incubator at temperatures ranging from 37 to 80\u202f\u00b0C, using an inoculum from a thermophilic, xylose-fed, hydrogen-producing fluidised bed reactor. The aim was to assess the short-term response of the microbial communities to the different temperatures with respect to both hydrogen yield and composition of the active microbial community. High throughput sequencing (MiSeq) of the reversely transcribed 16S rRNA showed that Thermoanaerobacterium sp. dominated the active microbial community at 70\u202f\u00b0C, resulting in the highest hydrogen yield of 3.6 (\u00b10.1) mmol\u202fH2\u202fg\u22121 CODtot supplied. Lower hydrogen yields were obtained at the temperature range from 37 to 65\u202f\u00b0C, likely due to consumption of the produced hydrogen by homoacetogenesis. No hydrogen production was detected at temperatures above 70\u202f\u00b0C. Thermomechanical pulping wastewaters are released at high temperatures (50\u201380\u202f\u00b0C), and thus dark fermentation at 70\u202f\u00b0C could be sustained using the heat produced by the pulp and paper plant itself without any requirement for external heating.", "keywords": ["570", "13. Climate action", "219", "02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "219 Environmental biotechnology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biochemical%20Engineering%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-21", "title": "Experimental study of moisture content effects on the transient gas and particle emissions from peat fires", "description": "Abstract   Peat fires are a global-scale source of carbon emissions and a leading cause of regional air quality deterioration, especially in Southeast Asia. The ignition and spread of peat fires are strongly affected by moisture, which acts as an energy sink. However, moisture effects on peat fire emissions are poorly understood in the literature. Here we present the first experimental work to investigate transient gas and particle emissions for a wide range of peat moisture contents (MCs). We include drying, ignition, smouldering spread, and even flaming stages. Peat samples conditioned to different MCs were burnt in the laboratory where a suite of diagnostics simultaneously measured mass loss rate, temperature profiles, real-time concentration of 20 gas species, and size-fractioned particle mass. It was found that MC affects emissions, in addition to peat burning dynamics. An increase in MC below a smouldering threshold of 160% in dry basis leads to a decrease in NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 and CH4. The burning of wet peat emits more coarse particles (between 1 and 10\u00a0\u00b5m) than dry peat, especially during the ignition stage. In contrast, flaming stage emits mostly soot particles less than 1\u00a0\u00b5m, and releases 100% more fully oxidised gas species including CO2, NO2 and SO2 than smouldering. The examination of the resulting modified combustion efficiency (MCE) reveals that it fails to recongnise smouldering combustion with sufficient accuracy, especially for wet peat with MC\u00a0>\u00a0120%. MCE confuses drying and flaming, and has significant variations during the ignition stage. As a result, MCE is not valid as a universal fire mode indicator used in the field. This work fills the knowledge gap between moisture and emissions, and provides a better understanding which can help mitigate peat fires.", "keywords": ["Energy", "biomass", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "624", "Wildfire", "15. Life on land", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "moisture", "11. Sustainability", "pollution", "0204 chemical engineering", "fire", "0913 Mechanical Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Combustion%20and%20Flame", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-19", "title": "Spatially resolved horizontal spread in smouldering peat combining infrared and visual diagnostics", "description": "Abstract   Smouldering wildfires in peatlands can last for weeks, resulting in the release of large amount of soil carbon and harmful emissions with detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Despite their importance, smouldering fires are poorly understood. An experimental study was carried out here to measure the spread rate of peat fire in detail, using infrared (IR) imaging. Peat samples with different moisture contents were prepared and burned in an open reactor of 20\u00a0\u00d7\u00a020\u00a0cm2 cross section and 10\u00a0cm depth, under laboratory-controlled conditions. In total, twelve experiments were studied, each lasting for 8\u00a0h on average. Infrared and visual cameras were synchronised, and images were acquired at a frequency of 1/min, for the duration of the experiment. Profiles of smouldering spread on the free surface of peat were tracked using an image intensity threshold and then used to calculate the horizontal spread rate. Temporally and spatially resolved spread rates are presented and analysed. Increasing the moisture content of the peat resulted in a decrease in spread rate and the smouldering front became increasingly irregular. At high moisture contents, spread at the lower layers of peat is faster compared to top surfaces which leads to formation of overhang, and IR is able to measure the formation of the overhang and its collapse as a step increase in horizontal spread. The overhang becomes more prominent when moisture content is increased. The new tool allows the study of unprecedented details in the spread of peat fires and can be adopted in future experimental studies.", "keywords": ["Energy", "550", "13. Climate action", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "15. Life on land", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0913 Mechanical Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Amin, HMF, Hu, Y, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Combustion%20and%20Flame", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-23", "title": "Haze emissions from smouldering peat: The roles of inorganic content and bulk density", "description": "Abstract   Smouldering peat fires are reported across continents and their emissions result in regional haze crisis (large scale accumulation of smoke at low altitudes) and large carbon foot prints. Inorganic content (IC) and bulk density vary naturally in peatlands and are among the important parameters governing peat fires. However, their roles in fire emissions remain unknown. In this work, bench-scale burning of sphagnum peat conditioned to different values of IC and bulk densities were conducted in the laboratory environment. Mass loss rate, spread rate and transient emissions of 20 gas species and particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) were simultaneously investigated. We found that peat with 50% moisture content can self-sustain smouldering propagation if IC is less than 40%, or its bulk density is lower than 287.5\u202fkg\u202fm\u22123. Increasing IC or bulk density decreases peat mass loss rate and spread rate. High IC peat releases lower gas fluxes (especially for CH4 and NH3) throughout the experiment. In the ignition stage, increasing IC leads to an increase in particles with diameter between 1 and 2.5\u202f\u03bcm; in the fire spread stage, IC has no influence on the particle fluxes. In contrast, increasing bulk density delays both gas and particle emission fluxes without altering the smoke composition significantly. The fundamental understanding of how soil properties affect peat wildfires facilitates the development of mitigation technologies against haze.", "keywords": ["SHALLOW", "Technology", "Engineering", " Civil", "550", "Inorganic content", "Materials Science", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "02 engineering and technology", "Pollutant", "MOISTURE", "Civil Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMBUSTION", "Engineering", "0204 chemical engineering", "FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Civil", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Bulk density", "IGNITION", "0911 Maritime Engineering", "13. Climate action", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "SPREAD", "Biomass combustion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.117", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-18", "title": "Inoculum pretreatment differentially affects the active microbial community performing mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation of xylose", "description": "Abstract   The influence of different inoculum pretreatments (pH and temperature shocks) on mesophilic (37\u00a0\u00b0C) and thermophilic (55\u00a0\u00b0C) dark fermentative H2 production from xylose (50\u00a0mM) and, for the first time, on the composition of the active microbial community was evaluated. At 37\u00a0\u00b0C, an acidic shock (pH 3, 24\u00a0h) resulted in the highest yield of 0.8\u00a0mol H2 mol\u22121 xylose. The H2 and butyrate yield correlated with the relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the mesophilic active microbial community, whereas Lactobacillaceae were the most abundant non-hydrogenic competitors according to RNA-based analysis. At 55\u00a0\u00b0C, Clostridium and Thermoanaerobacterium were linked to H2 production, but only an alkaline shock (pH 10, 24\u00a0h) repressed lactate production, resulting in the highest yield of 1.2\u00a0mol H2 mol\u22121 xylose. This study showed that pretreatments differentially affect the structure and productivity of the active mesophilic and thermophilic microbial community developed from an inoculum.", "keywords": ["Clostridium", "570", "Temperature shock", "Sustainability and the Environment", "116 Chemical sciences", "MiSeq", "Energy Engineering and Power Technology", "116", "02 engineering and technology", "Condensed Matter Physics", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Lactobacillus", "Fuel Technology", "pH shock", "Renewable Energy", "0204 chemical engineering", "Biohydrogen", "Biohydrogen; Clostridium; Lactobacillus; MiSeq; pH shock; Temperature shock; Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment; Fuel Technology; Condensed Matter Physics; Energy Engineering and Power Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.117"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Hydrogen%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.117", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.117", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.117"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.256", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-28", "title": "Impacts of short-term temperature fluctuations on\u00a0biohydrogen production and resilience of\u00a0thermophilic microbial communities", "description": "Abstract   Anaerobic microflora enriched for dark fermentative H2 production from a mixture of glucose and xylose was used in batch cultivations to determine the effects of sudden short-term temperature fluctuations on H2 yield and microbial community composition. Batch cultures initially cultivated at 55\u00a0\u00b0C (control) were subjected to downward (from 55\u00a0\u00b0C to 35\u00a0\u00b0C or 45\u00a0\u00b0C) or upward (from 55\u00a0\u00b0C to 65\u00a0\u00b0C or 75\u00a0\u00b0C) temperature shifts for 48\u00a0h after which, each culture was transferred to a fresh medium and cultivated again at 55\u00a0\u00b0C for two consecutive batch cycles. The average H2 yield obtained during the first cultivation at 55\u00a0\u00b0C was 2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.14\u00a0mol H2 mol\u22121 hexose equivalent. During the temperature shifts, the obtained H2 yields were 1.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15, 1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27 and 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.00\u00a0mol H2 mol\u22121 hexose equivalent at 35\u00a0\u00b0C, 45\u00a0\u00b0C and 65\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively, while no metabolic activity was observed at 75\u00a0\u00b0C. The sugars were completely utilized during the 48\u00a0h temperature shift to 35\u00a0\u00b0C but not at 65\u00a0\u00b0C and 45\u00a0\u00b0C. At the end of the second cycle after the different temperature shifts, the H2 yield obtained was 96.5, 91.6, 79.9 and 54.1% (second cycle after temperature shift to 35\u00a0\u00b0C, 45\u00a0\u00b0C, 65\u00a0\u00b0C and 75\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively) when compared to the average H2 yield produced in the control at 55\u00a0\u00b0C. Characterization of the microbial communities present in the control culture at 55\u00a0\u00b0C showed the predominance of Thermoanaerobacteriales, Clostridiales and Bacilliales. The microbial community composition differed based on the fluctuation temperature with Thermoanaerobacteriales being most dominant during the upward temperature fluctuations and Clostridiales being the most dominant during the downward temperature fluctuations.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "660", "218 Environmental engineering", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "116 Chemical sciences", "temperature fluctuation", "116", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "biological H-2 production", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "recovery", "dark fermentation", "218", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0204 chemical engineering", "resilience", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02623475/file/Manuscript-Okonkwo_Temp_IJHE.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.256"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Hydrogen%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.256", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.256", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.256"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103700", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-26", "title": "Kelvin-Helmholtz instability governs the cavitation cloud shedding in Venturi microchannel", "description": "Abstract   The paper shows visualization of cavitation inside a micro-Venturi channel. While the initial aim of the study was to establish supercavitating conditions inside a micro-Venturi, yet we found that this regime is suppressed due to the formation of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, which triggers a semi periodical attached cavity collapse. In depth observations using high speed imaging with visible light and X-rays revealed that this is, besides the re-entrant jet and the shock wave, a third mechanism leading to the shedding of cloud cavitation. In addition, a simple model was proposed which explains the formation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in cavitating micro-Venturi and also offers explanation on why this is the dominant mechanism of cavitation cloud shedding at small scales.", "keywords": ["Venturi microchannel", "Kelvin-Helmholtz instability", "kavitacija", " Kelvin-Helmholt nestabilnost", " Venturijev mikrokanal", "02 engineering and technology", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532.528(045)", "01 natural sciences", "Kelvin-Helmholtzova nestabilnost", "kavitacija", "cavitation", "Venturijev mikrokanal", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532", "0103 physical sciences", "cavitation", " Kelvin-Helmholtz instability", " Venturi microchannel", "0204 chemical engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103700"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Multiphase%20Flow", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103700", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103700", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103700"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.125", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-21", "title": "Upward-and-downward spread of smoldering peat fire", "description": "Abstract   Smoldering is the dominant combustion process in peat fire, releasing a large amount of carbon and smoke into the atmosphere. The spread of smoldering in peatland is a multi-dimensional process, which is slow, low-temperature, persistent, and difficult to detect. In this work, we investigate the upward spread of peat fire from the underground to the surface after forced ignition which is a relevant configuration but rarely studied. In the experiment, ignition is not possible if the igniter is deeper than 15\u202fcm below the free surface, regardless of moisture content or density. Once ignited, the 1st-stage upward fire spread is initiated towards the free surface (opposed smoldering) with a peak temperature of 300\u202f\u00b0C, leaving behind a char structure that does not collapse. Then, a 2nd-stage downward spread (forward smoldering) is activated with a peak temperature of 600\u202f\u00b0C and regression of free surface. The upward spread is faster than the downward spread. The rates of both upward and downward spread decrease as the peat density or depth is increased. These experimental observations are successfully captured by a 1D computational model of heat and mass transfer with 5-step kinetics. Modelling results further suggest that (1) the oxygen diffusion controls the entire upward-to-downward spread of peat fire, (2) the oxidation of peat sustains the 1st-stage upward spread, and (3) the oxidation of char sustains the 2nd-stage downward spread. This is the first study investigating the upward spread of peat fire, which helps understand the persistence of peat fire and guide the fire prevention and suppression strategies.", "keywords": ["570", "Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Density", "Chemical", "02 engineering and technology", "MOISTURE", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "530", "Modelling", "OXYGEN", "0201 civil engineering", "COMBUSTION", "Engineering", "0204 chemical engineering", "Science & Technology", "Critical depth", "ROLES", "Opposed and forward smoldering", "BURN", "Mechanical", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "SOIL", "DENSITY", "Physical Sciences", "DEPTH", "Thermodynamics", "Wildland fire", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.125"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Combustion%20Institute", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.125", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.125", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.125"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-15", "title": "Influence of wind and slope on multidimensional smouldering peat fires", "description": "Abstract   Smouldering peat fires are the largest fires on Earth, destroying an important ecosystem, and releasing large quantities of smoke, which is responsible for health issues and carbon emissions. Here we study the influence of wind direction (forward, perpendicular, and opposed) and slope (uphill, side hill, and downhill) on multidimensional smouldering spread, using a shallow open reactor. These conditions are known to be controlling variables in spread dynamics of flaming wildfires; however, wind and slope are rarely studied for smouldering wildfires. We conducted 21 experiments and compared the data to an additional 15 experiments from the literature. Where airflow was concurrent with spread (forward wind and uphill), both wind and slope increased the horizontal and in-depth spread rates by up to 101% and 32%, respectively, from quiescent and flat conditions. When airflow was perpendicular to spread (perpendicular wind and side hill), horizontal spread rate was increased by wind (up to 21%), but was negligibly influenced by slope. Airflow opposite to the spread direction (opposed wind and downhill) resulted in a negligible change in horizontal spread with wind, but a decrease in horizontal spread of up to 40% due to slope. We also found that spread in any direction on a slope can be evaluated as a function of the angle of the spread relative to the horizontal plane, regardless of the slope of the terrain. Our findings provide new insight into important field conditions affecting smouldering wildfires and provide a better understanding of their spread.", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "15. Life on land", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "0913 Mechanical Engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Combustion%20Institute", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.126", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-25", "title": "Influence of liquid-phase hydrogen on dark fermentation by Thermotoga neapolitana", "description": "Abstract   Hydrogen is a strong inhibitor of dark fermentation. We aimed at directly correlating the hydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana with the supersaturation of hydrogen in the liquid phase (H2aq), which is often disregarded. Different agitation speeds, biogas recirculation and bubble induction by AnoxK\u2122 K1 carrier were tested to prevent the supersaturation of H2aq. At 100\u202frpm agitation, the H2aq was 29.7 (\u00b11.4) mL/L, which is 3-times higher than 9.7\u202fmL/L, i.e. the equilibrium concentration given by Henry's law. Increasing the agitation speed up to 600\u202frpm reduced the H2aq until 8.5 (\u00b10.1) mL/L in 2\u202fh and increased the hydrogen production rate (HPR) from 39 (\u00b12) mL/L/h at 0\u202frpm to 198 (\u00b14) mL/L/h at 600\u202frpm. Similar to 600\u202frpm, biogas recirculation and the presence of K1 carrier at 200\u202frpm maintained the H2aq below the equilibrium concentration. This study demonstrates the reciprocal influence of HPR and H2aq and revealed an inverse nonlinear correlation between the two parameters. Therefore, we conclude that an adequate gas-liquid mass transfer, efficiently provided by biogas recirculation or the presence of solid materials (e.g. a biomass carrier), is essential to remove H2 from the liquid phase and prevent H2 supersaturation.", "keywords": ["Thermotoga neapolitana", "gas recirculation", "dark fermentation", "13. Climate action", "supersaturation", "hydrogen inhibition", "hyperthermophilic", "02 engineering and technology", "Thermotoga neapolitana", " hyperthermophilic", " dark fermentation", " gas recirculation", " hydrogen inhibition", " supersaturation", "0204 chemical engineering", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unina.it/bitstream/11588/743161/1/Resubmission%20manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.126"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.126", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.126", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.126"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-05", "title": "Screening of ten different plants in the process of supercritical water gasification", "description": "It is important to know the limitations of the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) in terms of behavior of different biomasses, especially when determining whether SCWG is a suitable conversion process for a certain biomass. Ten different biomasses (eight different plant species, of which two were grown in two different sites) were processed to evaluate this aspect. Moist and dry, woody and grassy biomasses were gasified in the same experimental setup under similar conditions. Only small differences could be seen in the gasification experiments. The carbon gasification efficiency was 60.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1 %, the gas compositions were very similar. Solid deposits formed in all experiments in the same temperature zone of the reactor containing coke, salt building elements and heavy metals, sometimes leading to plugging. Nevertheless, an experimental duration of 6\u00a0h could be achieved for the dry biomasses. The experiment with the moist biomass Reed Canary Grass was ended early due to plugging of the feed tubing which is due to the different size reduction procedure for moist biomasses resulting in bigger biomass particles. This emphasizes the importance of sufficient size reduction prior to the experiment. Potassium addition as a homogeneous catalyst, in form of potassium hydroxide, has proven to be beneficial regarding gasification efficiency, but poses a threat regarding plugging due to salt deposits in the system.", "keywords": ["Technology", "ddc:600", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600", "Biomass", "Homogeneous catalyst", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "QD1-999", "TD1-1066", "Supercritical water", "Hydrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainable%20Chemistry%20for%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scenv.2024.100062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-28", "title": "Biohydrogen production from xylose by fresh and digested activated sludge at 37, 55 and 70\u00a0\u00b0C", "description": "Two heat-treated inocula, fresh and digested activated sludge from the same municipal wastewater treatment plant, were compared for their H2 production via dark fermentation at mesophilic (37\u00a0\u00b0C), thermophilic (55\u00a0\u00b0C) and hyperthermophilic (70\u00a0\u00b0C) conditions using xylose as the substrate. At both 37 and 55\u00a0\u00b0C, the fresh activated sludge yielded more H2 than the digested sludge, whereas at 70\u00a0\u00b0C, neither of the inocula produced H2 effectively. A maximum yield of 1.85\u00a0mol H2 per mol of xylose consumed was obtained at 55\u00a0\u00b0C. H2 production was linked to acetate and butyrate production, and there was a linear correlation (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.96) between the butyrate and H2 yield for the fresh activated sludge inoculum at 55\u00a0\u00b0C. Approximately 2.4\u00a0mol H2 per mol of butyrate produced were obtained against a theoretical maximum of 2.0, suggesting that H2 was produced via the acetate pathway prior to switching to the butyrate pathway due to the increased H2 partial pressure. Clostridia sp. were the prevalent species at both 37 and 55\u00a0\u00b0C, irrespectively of the inoculum type. Although the two inocula originated from the same plant, different thermophilic microorganisms were detected at 55\u00a0\u00b0C. Thermoanaerobacter sp., detected only in the fresh activated sludge cultures, may have contributed to the high H2 yield obtained with such an inoculum.", "keywords": ["Xylose", "Sewage", "116 Chemical sciences", "116", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bioreactors", "13. Climate action", "Fermentation", "11. Sustainability", "0204 chemical engineering", "Hydrogen", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Understanding the Upgrading of Sewage Sludge-Derived Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrude via Advanced Characterization", "description": "Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can thermochemically transform sewage sludge into a biocrude with high energy content, high chemical complexity, and high O and N content. The development of an efficient upgrading process for such complex feedstocks necessitates detailed knowledge of the molecular composition and the specific heteroatom-containing compounds to understand and optimize the hydrotreating reactions. In this study, we present the upgrading of sewage sludge-derived HTL biocrude via a two-stage hydrotreatment process and perform advanced chemical characterization of the feedstock, intermediate, and final upgraded products with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). We show that hydrotreatment significantly improves the quality of the oil, primarily succeeding in cracking the heavy molecules and removing the sulfur- and oxygen-containing components. FTICR-MS analysis shows that the HTL biocrude has a high concentration of fatty acid amides that readily lose their oxygen and nitrogen during hydrotreating and are converted into saturated hydrocarbons, whereas the aromatic OxNy compounds are converted into N1 and N2 classes, which are more resistant to hydrotreating. We also demonstrate that the upgraded HTL oil can be successfully blended with intermediate refinery streams, such as vacuum gas oil (VGO), for further co-processing to in-spec fuels in conventional processes. This provides an alternative route to introduce renewable carbon in existing fossil-based refineries.", "keywords": ["02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20%26amp%3B%20Fuels", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01746"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/d2ee00597b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-30", "title": "A plant-like battery: a biodegradable power source ecodesigned for precision agriculture", "description": "<p>A biodegradable battery inspired by the transpiration pull of liquids in plants has been ecodesigned to power wireless sensors and then be safely biodegraded or composted, resembling the way a plant comes back to nature at the end of its lifecycle.</p>", "keywords": ["GREAT-4PA", "Chemistry", "Evaporation Flow Redox Battery", "13. Climate action", "Biodegradable battery", "Precision Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Postodoctoral Fellowship", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "Wireless Sensor", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2022/EE/D2EE00597B"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee00597b"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20%26amp%3B%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/d2ee00597b", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/d2ee00597b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/d2ee00597b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-20", "title": "The Role of Heat Transfer Limitations in Polymer Pyrolysis at the Microscale", "description": "Pyrolysis of synthetic or natural polymers is an important process in many industries such as fire safety, thermal recycling, and biomass power generation. The kinetics of pyrolysis is usually studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which is based on measuring the mass loss of a microscale sample and measuring the temperature of the surrounding fluid during controlled heating. The literature is rich in TGA measurements, which are often assumed to be governed solely by chemical kinetics. Heat and mass transfer effects, however, can occur when the sample mass is too large. Only a few studies in the literature quantify the threshold for the initial mass, above which heat transfer effects are significant. Here, we systematically analyse the role of heat transfer in TGA measurements, review existing formulations, and provide a novel threshold for the maximum sample mass. We focus on the natural polymer cellulose, a surrogate for biomass, and split the problem into heat transfer within the sample (intraparticle) and between the sample and the fluid (interparticle). Using dimensional analysis we derive two upper bound thresholds for the initial sample mass as a function of heating. One threshold is calculated based on interparticle heat transfer and depends on flow and heating conditions as well as material and fluid properties. The other is calculated based on intraparticle heat transfer and depends on heating conditions and material properties. Both thresholds were validated with measurements and previous studies from the literature. Comparing both thresholds shows that the maximum sample mass in a TGA is dictated by interparticle heat transfer and rapidly reduces with heating rate from 1.8 mg at 10 K/min to 0.15 mg at 50 K/min. These results enable the selection of appropriate sample masses and heating conditions in TGA measurements, which in turn will lead to a better understanding of polymer pyrolysis.", "keywords": ["TGA", "thermal lag", "Mechanical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering", "chemistry", "7. Clean energy", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "cellulose", "Computer Science Applications", "0201 civil engineering", "12. Responsible consumption", "kinetics", "13. Climate action", "transport", "TJ1-1570", "General Materials Science", "Mechanical engineering and machinery", "0204 chemical engineering", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richter, F, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2018.00018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Mechanical%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmech.2018.00018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/pr12050935", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-03", "title": "Investigating Salt Precipitation in Continuous Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The formation of solid deposits in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is one of the main problems hindering the commercial application of the process. Seven experiments were conducted with the grass Reed Canary Grass with different preheating temperatures, but all ended early due to the formation of solid deposits (maximum operation of 3.8 h). The position of solid deposits in the lab plant changed with the variation in the temperature profile. Since the formation of solid deposits consisting of salts, coke, and corrosion products is a severe issue that needs to be resolved in order to enable long-time operation, inner temperature measurements were conducted to determine the temperature range that corresponds with the zone of solid formation. The temperature range was found to be 400 to 440 \u00b0C. Wherever this temperature was first reached solid deposits occurred in the system that led to blockage of the flow. Additional to the influence of the temperature, the influence of the flow direction (up-flow or down-flow) on the operation of the continuous SCWG plant was examined. If salts are not separated from the system sufficiently, up-flow reactors should be avoided because they amplify the accumulation of solid deposits leading to a shortened operation time. The heating concept coupled with the salt separation needs to be redesigned in order to separate the salts before entering the gasification reactors. Outside of the determined temperature zone no deposition was visible. Thus, even though the gasification efficiency was low it could be shown that the operation was limited to the deposits forming in the heating section and not by incomplete gasification in the reactor where T &gt; 600 \u00b0C.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "ddc:600", "process design", "biomass", "gasification", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "supercritical water", "540", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600", "0204 chemical engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12050935"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/pr12050935", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/pr12050935", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/pr12050935"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w10111599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-07", "title": "Capillary Nanofiltration under Anoxic Conditions as Post-Treatment after Bank Filtration", "description": "<p>Bank filtration schemes for the production of drinking water are increasingly affected by constituents such as sulphate and organic micropollutants (OMP) in the source water. Within the European project AquaNES, the combination of bank filtration followed by capillary nanofiltration (capNF) is being demonstrated as a potential solution for these challenges at pilot scale. As the bank filtration process reliably reduces total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biopolymers, algae and particles, membrane fouling is reduced resulting in long term operational stability of capNF systems. Iron and manganese fouling could be reduced with the possibility of anoxic operation of capNF. With the newly developed membrane module HF-TNF a good retention of sulphate (67\uffe2\uff80\uff9371%), selected micropollutants (e.g., EDTA: 84\uffe2\uff80\uff9392%) and hardness (41\uffe2\uff80\uff9355%) was achieved together with further removal of DOC (82\uffe2\uff80\uff9387%). Fouling and scaling could be handled with a good cleaning concept with acid and caustic. With the combination of bank filtration and capNF a possibility for treatment of anoxic well water without further pre-treatment was demonstrated and retention of selected current water pollutants was shown.</p>", "keywords": ["organic micropollutants", "bank filtrate", "suboxic", "13. Climate action", "anoxic", "groundwater", "02 engineering and technology", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "sulphate", "6. Clean water", "decentralized capillary nanofiltration"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1599/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111599"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w10111599", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w10111599", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w10111599"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5445/ir/1000167139", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-05", "title": "Screening of ten different plants in the process of supercritical water gasification", "description": "It is important to know the limitations of the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) in terms of behavior of different biomasses, especially when determining whether SCWG is a suitable conversion process for a certain biomass. Ten different biomasses (eight different plant species, of which two were grown in two different sites) were processed to evaluate this aspect. Moist and dry, woody and grassy biomasses were gasified in the same experimental setup under similar conditions. Only small differences could be seen in the gasification experiments. The carbon gasification efficiency was 60.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1 %, the gas compositions were very similar. Solid deposits formed in all experiments in the same temperature zone of the reactor containing coke, salt building elements and heavy metals, sometimes leading to plugging. Nevertheless, an experimental duration of 6\u00a0h could be achieved for the dry biomasses. The experiment with the moist biomass Reed Canary Grass was ended early due to plugging of the feed tubing which is due to the different size reduction procedure for moist biomasses resulting in bigger biomass particles. This emphasizes the importance of sufficient size reduction prior to the experiment. Potassium addition as a homogeneous catalyst, in form of potassium hydroxide, has proven to be beneficial regarding gasification efficiency, but poses a threat regarding plugging due to salt deposits in the system.", "keywords": ["Technology", "ddc:600", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600", "Biomass", "Homogeneous catalyst", "0204 chemical engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "QD1-999", "TD1-1066", "Supercritical water", "Hydrogen"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000167139"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainable%20Chemistry%20for%20the%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5445/ir/1000167139", "name": "item", "description": "10.5445/ir/1000167139", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5445/ir/1000167139"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5445/ir/1000171494", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:21:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-03", "title": "Investigating Salt Precipitation in Continuous Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The formation of solid deposits in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is one of the main problems hindering the commercial application of the process. Seven experiments were conducted with the grass Reed Canary Grass with different preheating temperatures, but all ended early due to the formation of solid deposits (maximum operation of 3.8 h). The position of solid deposits in the lab plant changed with the variation in the temperature profile. Since the formation of solid deposits consisting of salts, coke, and corrosion products is a severe issue that needs to be resolved in order to enable long-time operation, inner temperature measurements were conducted to determine the temperature range that corresponds with the zone of solid formation. The temperature range was found to be 400 to 440 \u00b0C. Wherever this temperature was first reached solid deposits occurred in the system that led to blockage of the flow. Additional to the influence of the temperature, the influence of the flow direction (up-flow or down-flow) on the operation of the continuous SCWG plant was examined. If salts are not separated from the system sufficiently, up-flow reactors should be avoided because they amplify the accumulation of solid deposits leading to a shortened operation time. The heating concept coupled with the salt separation needs to be redesigned in order to separate the salts before entering the gasification reactors. Outside of the determined temperature zone no deposition was visible. Thus, even though the gasification efficiency was low it could be shown that the operation was limited to the deposits forming in the heating section and not by incomplete gasification in the reactor where T &gt; 600 \u00b0C.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Technology", "ddc:600", "process design", "biomass", "gasification", "600", "02 engineering and technology", "supercritical water", "540", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600", "0204 chemical engineering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000171494"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5445/ir/1000171494", "name": "item", "description": "10.5445/ir/1000171494", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5445/ir/1000171494"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0204+chemical+engineering&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0204+chemical+engineering&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0204+chemical+engineering&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0204+chemical+engineering&offset=20", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 20, "numberReturned": 20, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T00:09:38.163151Z"}