{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-14", "title": "Visualization and Characterization of Heterogeneous Water Flow in Double-Porosity Media by Means of X-ray Computed Tomography", "description": "Three-dimensional visualization of dynamic water transport process in soil by 1 computed tomography (CT) technique is still limited by its low temporal resolution. In order 2 to monitor dynamically water transport in soil, a compromise has to be found between water 3 flow velocity and CT acquisition time. Furthermore, an efficient image analysis method is 1 4 necessary. In this work, we followed the water transport in three dimensions by CT imaging 5 across a double-porosity media constituted of two distinct materials, i.e. sand and porous 6 clay spheres. The CT acquisition parameters were adjusted to the water pore velocity so that 7 we succeeded to register the water front displacement per time range of 25 min. We also used 8 the image subtraction method to extract water distribution evolution with time with a space 9 resolution of 6 \u00d7 10 \u22123 cm. Both time and space resolution are relatively high compared with 10 other dynamic studies. The water content profiles showed that the clay spheres remained 11 in their dry state during water infiltration, while the water transport only occurred in the 12 sand matrix. These results are consistent with macroscopic experiments. The water front 13 visualized by CT showed a non-symmetrical shape which was related to water transfer in 14 non-equilibrium as shown by column displacement experiments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "6. Clean water", "620", "Image analysis", "3D visualization", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Computed tomography", "Water transport"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Transport%20in%20Porous%20Media", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11242-015-0572-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.6971", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-27", "title": "Investigation Of Runoff Generation In A Pristine, Poorly Gauged Catchment In The Chilean Andes I: A Multi-Method Experimental Study", "description": "Abstract<p>Catchment scale hydrological process studies in southern Chile are of special interest as little research at this scale has been carried out in this region. In particular, the young volcanic ash soils, which are typical for this area, are not well understood in their hydrological behaviour. In addition, extensive land use changes require detailed knowledge of hydrological processes in disturbed as well as undisturbed catchments in order to estimate resulting risks of erosion, eutrophication, floods and droughts. This study focuses on data collection and experimental determination of relevant processes in an undisturbed forested catchment in the Andes of southern Chile. The here gained understanding of runoff generation can serve as a reference for comparison with sites subject to human intervention, improving estimation of the effects of land use change. Owing to the lack of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term data for this catchment it was necessary to replace long time series by a multitude of experimental methods covering as many aspects of the runoff generation process as possible. The methods used in this investigation include: measurements of streamflow, rainfall, throughfall, water chemistry, soil water dynamics, groundwater dynamics, soil physics, soil mineralogy, geo\uffe2\uff80\uff90electrical sounding, and tracer techniques. Methods and equipment used during field campaigns are described and evaluated for usefulness versus expenditure (labour and financial costs). Selected results and the hypotheses developed from these findings are presented. The results suggest the importance of fast processes for rainfall runoff response on the one hand as well as considerable dampening effects of a large subsurface storage on the other hand. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "550 - Earth sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6971"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.6971", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.6971", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.6971"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-25", "title": "Global sensitivity analysis of crop yield and transpiration from the FAO-AquaCrop model for dryland environments", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "Yield", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "AquaCrop", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "Dryland", "13. Climate action", "Sensitivity analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/1/AquaCrop_GSA_rev2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/449637/2/Lu2021_AquaCrop_GSA.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2022.106181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-04", "title": "Sediment yields variation and response to the controlling factors in the Wei River Basin, China", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Controlling factors", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Sediment yield", "0207 environmental engineering", "Correlation analysis", "Spatial and temporal variation", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Wei River Basin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106181"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2022.106181", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2022.106181", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106181"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/essoar.10505132.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-04", "title": "Non-Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent", "description": "Abstract<p>The sustainable management of groundwater demands a faithful characterization of the subsurface. This, in turn, requires information which is generally not readily available. To bridge the gap between data need and availability, numerical models are often used to synthesize plausible scenarios not only from direct information but also from additional, indirect data. Unfortunately, the resulting system characterizations will rarely be unique. This poses a challenge for practical parameter inference: computational limitations often force modelers to resort to methods based on questionable assumptions of Gaussianity, which do not reproduce important facets of ambiguity such as Pareto fronts or multimodality. In search of a remedy, an alternative could be found in Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD), a recent development in the field of statistics. This ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based method iteratively transforms a set of arbitrary particles into samples of a potentially non\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gaussian posterior, provided the latter is sufficiently smooth. A prerequisite for this method is knowledge of the Jacobian, which is usually exceptionally expensive to evaluate. To address this issue, we propose an ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, localized approximation of the Jacobian. We demonstrate the performance of the resulting algorithm in two cases: a simple, bimodal synthetic scenario, and a complex numerical model based on a real world, prealpine catchment. Promising results in both cases\uffe2\uff80\uff94even when the ensemble size is smaller than the number of parameters\uffe2\uff80\uff94suggest that SVGD can be a valuable addition to hydrogeological parameter inference.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10505132.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/essoar.10505132.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/essoar.10505132.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/essoar.10505132.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.3360040403", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-06", "title": "Rainfall Interception In 2 Tropical Montane Rain-Forests, Colombia", "description": "Abstract<p>Rainfall interception was studied during one complete year in two montane rain forests in the Colombian Andes at altitudes of 2550 and 3370 m. Additional measurements were made in a subsequent period at 3370 m, comparing two plots with different tree genera. Special attention was paid to the possible consequences of the abundant epiphytic vegetation, representing a high but spatially variable storage capacity. On an annual basis, interception amounted to 262 mm (12.4 per cent) of 2115 mm incident precipitation at 2550 m, and to 265 mm (18.3 per cent) of 1453 mm incident precipitation at 3370 m. There was no evidence for fog precipitation. The fact that, in spite of lower annual rainfall and lower evaporation rate, absolute quantity of interception at 3370 m was not lower than at 2550 m is probably related to differences in rainfall distribution and canopy storage capacities. The different responses of the two tree genera (characterized by distinct epiphyte cover) and the lower interception after prolonged wet periods support the idea that epiphytes play a significant role in the interception process. A realistic description of the water balance of such ecosystems will require the adaptation of existing interception models.</p>", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Erik J. Veneklaas, R. van Ek,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360040403"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.3360040403", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.3360040403", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.3360040403"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1990-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/essoar.10505644.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-21", "title": "Hydrogeological Uncertainty Estimation With the Analytic Element Method", "description": "Abstract                   <p>Uncertainty estimation plays an important part in practical hydrogeology. With most of the subsurface unobservable, attempts at system characterization will invariably be incomplete. Uncertainty estimation, then, must quantify the influence of unknown parameters, forcings, and structural deficiencies. In this endeavor, numerical modeling frameworks can resolve a high degree of subsurface complexity and its associated uncertainty. Where boundary uncertainty is concerned, however, numerical frameworks can be restrictive. The interdependence of grid discretization and its enclosing boundaries render exploration of uncertainties in their extent or nature challenging. The analytic element method (AEM) may be an interesting complement, as it is computationally efficient, economic with its parameter count, and does not require enclosure through finite boundaries. These properties make AEM well suited for uncertainty estimation, particularly in data\uffe2\uff80\uff90scarce settings or exploratory studies. In this study, we explore the use of AEM for flow field uncertainty estimation, with a particular focus on boundary uncertainty. To induce diverse, uncertain regional flow more easily, we propose a new element based on a M\uffc3\uffb6bius transformation. We include this element in a simple Python\uffe2\uff80\uff90based AEM toolbox and benchmark it against MODFLOW. Coupling AEM with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine using adaptive proposals, we explore its use in a synthetic case study. We find that AEM permits efficient uncertainty estimation for groundwater flow fields, which may form a basis for stochastic Lagrangian transport modeling or can support advanced model design by informing the placement of numerical model boundaries.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10505644.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/essoar.10505644.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/essoar.10505644.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/essoar.10505644.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.14667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-09", "title": "Non\u2010linearity in event runoff generation in a small agricultural catchment", "description": "Abstract<p>Understanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "connectivity; flow paths; groundwater; non\u2010linearity; precipitation; runoff generation; scaling; seasonality; soil moisture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Research Articles", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/1012878/1/2022_Vreugdenhil_HydrologicalProcesses.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14667"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.14667", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.14667", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.14667"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.6212", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-24", "title": "Water Budgets Of Three Small Catchments Under Montane Forest In Ecuador: Experimental And Modelling Approach", "description": "Abstract<p>The water budget of forested catchments controls the local water supply and influences the regional climate. To assess the anthropogenic impact on the water cycle, we constructed a water budget for three \uffe2\uff88\uffbc10 ha catchments under lower montane forest on the east\uffe2\uff80\uff90facing slope of the Andes in south Ecuador at 1900\uffe2\uff80\uff932150 m elevation. We used field hydrological measurements and modelled surface flows with TOPMODEL, a semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90distributed catchment model. We measured incident precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and surface flow between May 1998 and April 2002 in hourly to weekly resolution, and determined all variables needed to parameterise TOPMODEL. On average, of the four monitored years and three catchments, incident precipitation was 2504 \uffc2\uffb1 SD 123 mm, throughfall 1473 \uffc2\uffb1 197 mm, and stemflow 25 \uffc2\uffb1 2 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Fog water input was negligible. Mean annual interception loss in the forest was 1006 \uffc2\uffb1 270 mm, and mean annual surface flow, calculated with TOPMODEL in an hourly resolution was 1039 \uffc2\uffb1 48 mm. The resulting mean annual evapotranspiration was 1466 \uffc2\uffb1 161 mm of which 32% ( =471 \uffc2\uffb1 162 mm) was transpiration if evaporation from the soil was neglected. Our study catchments show a high evapotranspiration attributable to the strong solar insolation near the equator, the small impact of fog, the generally low intensity of incident precipitation and additional wind\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven advective energy input. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "550 - Earth sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fleischbein, K., Wilcke, W., Zech, W., Valarezo, C., Knoblich, K.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6212"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.6212", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.6212", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.6212"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/hyp.6331", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-25", "title": "Soil Water Storage And Rooting Depth: Key Factors Controlling Recharge On Rangelands", "description": "Abstract<p>The practice of removing woody vegetation to enhance water supply in semiarid rangelands in the United States continues to generate considerable interest, even though past research has yielded apparently contradictory results concerning its efficacy. In an attempt to elucidate the factors that determine whether and how woody vegetation removal affects water supply, we analysed the problem using a water balance approach. In our analysis, deep drainage is the water balance component associated with water supply. Because the herbaceous vegetation that replaces the woody plants generally has a shallower effective rooting depth (Rd), the amount of soil water potentially available for transpiration is reduced and more is available for deep drainage. The potential increase in deep drainage can be estimated from the capacity of the soil to store plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available water (Sc) and may be substantial. Our case study on sagebrush rangeland documents how Rd, and consequently Sc, changed after woody vegetation at the site was removed by burning. Using depth profiles of soil water content and matric potential, we showed that the Rd of the post\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire vegetation was about 140 cm, 60 cm less than that of the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90fire vegetation, and that this resulted in a potential increase in deep drainage of about 6 cm of water\uffe2\uff80\uff94which in semiarid rangelands is substantial. Historical precipitation patterns indicate that there is nearly always sufficient net precipitation to generate the additional 6 cm of deep drainage at this site. However, in most of the area the soil depth is less than 140 cm, so that transpiration and deep drainage would be unaffected by the vegetation change and the overall water supply enhancement would be much less than 6 cm. These results indicate that the change in Sc that may follow woody shrub removal is an important criterion to evaluate sites for vegetation conversion. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6331"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.6331", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.6331", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.6331"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-26", "title": "Geophysics conquering new territories: The rise of \u201cagrogeophysics\u201d", "description": "Abstract<p>Agriculture is facing immense challenges. We have to produce enough food while safe\uffe2\uff80\uff90guarding the environment for future generations. This results in the need to use less water and fertilizer, and to harness soil quality. Key to achieving this goal is improving the understanding of processes and interactions governing the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere continuum of agricultural ecosystems. Geophysical tools have great potential to better characterize and quantify these processes noninvasively from the plot to landscape scale. Nevertheless, a number of challenges remain for geophysical results to be better exploited by different scientific communities and by decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. In this special section, we explore ongoing research in the relatively new field of agrogeophysics, and we provide an overview of potential applications and highlight future research needs.</p>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3449433/2/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal%20-%202021%20-%20Garr%c3%a9%20-%20Geophysics%20conquering%20new%20territories%20The%20rise%20of%20agrogeophysics.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-28", "title": "Microbial mediated carbon and nitrogen cycling in the spatially heterogeneous vadose zone: A modeling study", "description": "Abstract                   <p>Spatially distributed properties of the subsurface result in varying water saturation and preferential flow paths, which lead to heterogeneous solute transport patterns and heterogeneous microbial environments. This, in turn, influences the distribution of nutrients and energy gradients, microbial biomass, and activity thereof. By their very nature, current field sampling techniques do not resolve subsampling scale heterogeneities in microbial biomass and activity, resulting in inaccurate estimates of microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the heterogeneous subsurface. Thus, in this study, we undertook a numerical modeling approach to study the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the vadose zone. We adapted an established biogeochemical process network that captures a variety of respiration pathways, carbon decomposition strategies, and microbial life processes to simulate microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in variably saturated spatially heterogeneous settings, using an established numerical tool (OGS#BRNS). The fractionation of microbial communities into active and inactive states, as well as immobile and mobile states followed could be linked to the bulk average saturation. Lastly, we identified three reactive systems, distinguished by the rate ratio of aerobic respiration and transfer of oxygen from the air to the water phase, to evaluate the impact of spatial heterogeneity on carbon and nitrogen removal in subsurface heterogeneous domains. Specifically, when this ratio is approximately 1, there is no impact on carbon removal, while when this ratio is very high, then carbon removal decreases as the domain tends to be oxygen limited.</p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20315"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20315"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-10", "title": "Irrigation retrieval from Landsat optical/thermal data integrated into a crop water balance model: A case study over winter wheat fields in a semi-arid region", "description": "Abstract   Monitoring irrigation is essential for an efficient management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. We propose to estimate the timing and the amount of irrigation throughout the agricultural season using optical and thermal Landsat-7/8 data. The approach is implemented in four steps: i) partitioning the Landsat land surface temperature (LST) to derive the crop water stress coefficient (Ks), ii) estimating the daily root zone soil moisture (RZSM) from the integration of Landsat-derived Ks into a crop water balance model, iii) retrieving irrigation at the Landsat pixel scale and iv) aggregating pixel-scale irrigation estimates at the crop field scale. The new irrigation retrieval method is tested over three agricultural areas during four seasons and is evaluated over five winter wheat fields under different irrigation techniques (drip, flood and no-irrigation). The model is very accurate for the seasonal accumulated amounts (R ~ 0.95 and RMSE ~ 44\u00a0mm). However, lower agreements with observed irrigations are obtained at the daily scale. To assess the performance of the irrigation retrieval method over a range of time periods, the daily predicted and observed irrigations are cumulated from 1 to 90\u00a0days. Generally, acceptable errors (R\u00a0=\u00a00.52 and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a027\u00a0mm) are obtained for irrigations cumulated over 15\u00a0days and the performance gradually improves by increasing the accumulation period, depicting a strong link to the frequency of Landsat overpasses (16\u00a0days or 8\u00a0days by combining Landsat-7 and -8). Despite the uncertainties in retrieved irrigations at daily to weekly scales, the daily RZSM and evapotranspiration simulated from the retrieved daily irrigations are estimated accurately and are very close to those estimated from actual irrigations. This research demonstrates the utility of high spatial resolution optical and thermal data for estimating irrigation and consequently for better closing the water budget over agricultural areas. We also show that significant improvements can be expected at daily to weekly time scales by reducing the revisit time of high-spatial resolution thermal data, as included in the TRISHNA future mission requirements.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Root-zone soil moisture", "0207 environmental engineering", "FAO-56 model", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Irrigation", "Landsat", "Land surface temperature"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olivera-Guerra, Luis Enrique, Merlin, Olivier, Er-Raki, Salah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing%20of%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111627"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-06", "title": "Improving nitrate load estimates in an agricultural catchment using Event Response Reconstruction", "description": "Low-frequency grab sampling cannot capture fine dynamics of stream solute concentrations, which results in large uncertainties in load estimates. The recent development of high-frequency sensors has enabled monitoring solute concentrations at sub-hourly time scales. This study aimed to improve nitrate (NO3) load estimates using high-resolution records (15-min time interval) from optical sensors to capture the typical concentration response to storm events. An empirical model was developed to reconstruct NO3 concentrations during storm events in a 100-km2 agricultural catchment in Germany. Two years (Jan 2002 to Dec 2002 and Oct 2005 to Sep 2006) of high-frequency measurements of NO3 concentrations, discharge and precipitation were used. An Event Response Reconstruction (ERR) model was developed using NO3 concentration descriptor variables and predictor variables calculated from discharge and precipitation records. Fourteen events were used for calibration, and 27 events from four periods of continuous records of high-frequency measurement were used for validation. During all selected storm events, NO3 concentration decreased during flow rise and increased during the recession phase of the hydrograph. Three storm descriptor variables were used to describe these dynamics: relative change in concentration between initial and minimum NO3 concentrations (rdN), time to maximum change in NO3 concentration (TdN) and time to 50% recovery of NO3 concentration (TN rec ). The ERR consisted of building linear models of discharge and precipitation to predict these three descriptors. The ERR approach greatly improved NO3 load estimates compared to linear interpolation of grab sampling data (error decreased from 10 to 1%) or flow-weighted estimation of load (error is 7%). This study demonstrated that ERR based on a few months of high-resolution data enables accurate load estimates from low-frequency NO3 data.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Germany", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Water Pollution", " Chemical", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "Nitrogen Oxides", "02 engineering and technology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-30", "title": "Interaction between biofilm growth and NAPL remediation: A pore-scale study", "description": "Abstract   In this paper, we introduce a pore-scale model to study the interaction between biofilm growth and non-aqueous-phase-liquid (NAPL) dissolution. Liquid flow and dissolved NAPL transport are coupled with a biofilm growth model to correctly describe the complex dynamics of the processes including fluid flow, NAPL dissolution/biodegradation and biofilm growth. Fluid flow is simulated using an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann (IB-LB) model; while solute transport is solved by a cut-cell finite volume method (FVM). A uniform dissolution approach is also adopted to capture the temporal evolution of trapped blobs. Spatio-temporal distributions of the biomass are investigated using a cellular automaton algorithm combined with the immersed boundary method (IBM). Simulations focused on NAPL dissolution in both abiotic and biotic conditions are conducted to assess the capability of the model. In abiotic conditions, we analyze the effects of the hydrodynamic regimes and the spatial distribution of NAPL blobs on the dissolution rate under different assumptions (i.e., blob size and Peclet number). In biotic conditions, a series of impact factors are also investigated (i.e., spatial distribution, reaction kinetics and NAPL-induced toxicity). Finally, the current model is used to evaluate the pore scale relevance of a local equilibrium assumption between fluid phase and biofilm phase in the vicinity of the NAPL source.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "570", "biofilm growth", "cellular automata", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "02 engineering and technology", "530", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "porous media", "immersed boundary method", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "NAPL biodegradation", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "lattice Botzmann method"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Advances%20in%20Water%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.01.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-14", "title": "Partitioning of evapotranspiration in remote sensing-based models", "description": "Abstract   Satellite based retrievals of evapotranspiration (ET) are widely used for assessments of global and regional scale surface fluxes. However, the partitioning of the estimated ET between soil evaporation, transpiration, and canopy interception regularly shows strong divergence between models, and to date, remains largely unvalidated. To examine this problem, this paper considers three algorithms: the Penman-Monteith model from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (PM-MODIS), the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL), and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). Surface flux estimates from these three models, obtained via the WACMOS-ET initiative, are compared against a comprehensive collection of field studies, spanning a wide range of climates and land cover types. Overall, we find errors between estimates of field and remote sensing-based soil evaporation (RMSD\u202f=\u202f90\u2013114%, r2\u202f=\u202f0.14\u20130.25, N\u202f=\u202f35), interception (RMSD\u202f=\u202f62\u2013181%, r2\u202f=\u202f0.39\u20130.85, N\u202f=\u202f13), and transpiration (RMSD\u202f=\u202f54\u2013114%, r2 \u202f=\u202f0.33\u20130.55, N\u202f=\u202f35) are relatively large compared to the combined estimates of total ET (RMSD\u202f=\u202f35\u201349%, r2 \u202f=\u202f0.61\u20130.75, N\u202f=\u202f35). Errors in modeled ET components are compared between land cover types, field methods, and precipitation regimes. Modeled estimates of soil evaporation were found to have significant deviations from observed values across all three models, while the characterization of vegetation effects also influences errors in all three components. Improvements in these estimates, and other satellite based partitioning estimates are likely to lead to better understanding of the movement of water through the soil-plant-water continuum.", "keywords": ["Evapotranspiration", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Modeling", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration", "13. Climate action", "[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "Soil evaporation", "Partitioning"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-17", "title": "Effects Of Antecedent Soil Moisture On Runoff And Soil Erosion In Alley Cropping Systems", "description": "Alley cropping systems may prevent soil and water erosion. The objective of this paper was to assess the effects of antecedent soil moisture on runoff and soil loss in alley cropping systems. Five land use treatments with three replications were included in this study. The treatments were mono peanut cropping (P), younger trees (T1), older trees (T2), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) intercropped with younger trees (T1P), and peanut intercropped with older trees (T2P). The trees used were deciduous Choerospondias axillaris. Runoff and soil loss from the experimental plots were monitored and related to rainfall and antecedent soil water potential. Results showed that T1 and T2 produced the highest runoff and lowest soil loss while P produced the greatest soil loss. Soil loss was 25.3% less in T1P and 32.0% in T2P than in P. Runoff was 62.6% less in T1P than in T1 and 56.1% less in T2P than in T2. Regardless of land use, soil loss was more closely correlated to runoff than to rainfall (R\u00a0>\u00a00.95 versus R\u00a0<\u00a00.40). Runoff and soil loss varied with season and antecedent soil moisture. The largest amounts of runoff and soil loss were recorded in the soil water surplus phase (rainy season). In spite of less rainfall in the soil water deficit phase, soil loss was greater than that in the soil water recovery phase. The runoff coefficient was exponentially correlated to the inverse of antecedent soil water potential in the rainy season, while the runoff coefficient was negatively and linearly correlated to antecedent soil water potential in the dry season. These results suggest that saturation excess runoff may be dominant in the rainy season and infiltration excess runoff may become dominant in the dry season.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mingzhu Wang, Bin Zhang, Linhong Wei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-01", "title": "A novel evapotranspiration based irrigation quantification method using the hydrological similar pixels algorithm", "description": "Globally, the agricultural sector is the largest consumer of fresh water, despite the increased efficiency in irrigation. Remote sensing is a valuable tool to monitor agricultural water use. In this study, we demonstrate a novel algorithm that computes high-resolution (10 m) remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) data linked exclusively to irrigation, i.e. the incremental evapotranspiration (ETincr). The methodology compares the ET of irrigated agricultural pixels to the weighted average ET of a subset of natural Hydrological Similar Pixels (HSP). The hydrological similarity is based upon a set of features derived from DEM, soil texture, reference evapotranspiration, and precipitation datasets. The difference in ET between the subset of hydrological similar natural pixels and the corresponding irrigated agricultural pixel is explanatory for the amount of ET related to irrigation (ETincr). These results are then converted to the water use (m3) per agricultural field. The method is validated for three study areas in South Africa, Spain, and Australia. Comparing the monthly and seasonal water use estimates to water meter observations in the Hex Valley (South Africa), yielded an R2 of 0.751 and 0.780, respectively. For the Ebro (Spain) and Namoi (Australia) study areas, the accuracy of the monthly estimates decreased. In Australia, this was a result of the water meters being linked to local reservoirs, instead of the direct use of the irrigation systems. In total, 8 out of the 27 validation fields with monthly data showed a Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) larger than 0.5, which highlights that the temporal variability can be captured well by the model. Generally, seasonal estimates showed to be most accurate, which makes the product suitable for comparison with seasonal water allocations and could help to monitor overconsumption in water-scarce environments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Hydrological Similar Pixels", "550", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "15. Life on land", "333", "630", "ETLook", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107602"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-30", "title": "Surface water and groundwater interaction at long-term exploited riverbank filtration site based on groundwater flow modelling (Mosina-Krajkowo, Poland)", "description": "Study region: Poland, Warta River catchment. Study focus: The study aimed to explain the reasons for spatial variability in chloride concentrations at the Mosina-Krajkowo riverbank filtration (RBF) site located along the river. This variability is attributed to RBF\u2019s different intensity along the river sections, related, among others, to clogging development. The RBF effectiveness was studied using groundwater flow modelling by: examining the water balance in zones established on hydrogeological setting and chloride concentrations; travel time of the bankfiltrate investigation; RBF parametrisation (i.e. infiltration per unit area and specific infiltration per unit of riverbank). New Hydrological Insights for the Region: The study identifies zones of the most favourable RBF conditions and establishes the variability causes. The overall share bankfiltrate was found at 75.8 %. Its spatial variation ranged widely from 41.1\u201389.3%, confirming the usefulness of the RBF performance sectional analysis in managing this type of site. The highest proportion of surface water (>80 %) occurred along the straight river section, where the riverbed was built by fine and medium sands (preventing penetration of organic suspension into the aquifer). In contrast, the lowest values (<42 %) occurred in the meander zone (with the most favourable RBF conditions at the beginning of site operation), where deep erosion reached coarse-grained sediments in the river bottom, followed by the development of clogging processes and a decrease in the RBF efficiency with time.", "keywords": ["Physical geography", "QE1-996.5", "Riverbed clogging", "Numerical modelling", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "Modflow", "02 engineering and technology", "Riverbank filtration", "6. Clean water", "Modpath", "GB3-5030"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-03", "title": "Evaluation of pedotransfer functions for predicting soil hydraulic properties: A voyage from regional to field scales across Europe", "description": "Study region: Europe. A total of 660, 522, and 4940 soil samples belonging to GRIZZLY, HYPRES, and EU-HYDI databases, respectively, were used for parametric evaluation. Study focus: The soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions are crucial input information for land surface models. Determining these functions by using direct methods is hampered by excessive time and unaffordable costs required for field activities and laboratory analyses. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely-used indirect techniques enabling soil hydraulic properties to be predicted by using easily-retrievable soil information. In a parametric evaluation, the predictive capability of PTFs is examined by comparing measured and estimated soil water retention parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Yet information about the performance of PTFs for specific modeling applications is mandatory to evaluate PTF effectiveness in greater depth. This approach is commonly defined as functional evaluation. New hydrological insights for the region: The best performing four PTFs selected in the parametric evaluations are tested under two functional evaluations. The first encompasses a spatial interpolation with a geostatistical technique, whereas the second employs Hydrus-1D to simulate the water balance components along an experimental transect. Our results reinforce and integrate the insights of previous studies about the use of a PTF, and highlight the ability, or inability, of this technique to adequately reproduce the observed spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and simulated water fluxes.", "keywords": ["S1 Agriculture (General) / mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban", "Physical geography", "QE1-996.5", "Water retention function", "Hydrus-1D", "saturated hydraulic conductivity", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Semi-variogram", "S590 Soill / Talajtan", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "6. Clean water", "GB3-5030", "Kriging", "semi-variogram", "functional evaluation", "water retention function", "Functional evaluation", "kriging", "water retention function", " saturated hydraulic conductivity", " semi-variogram", " kriging", " functional evaluation", " Hydrus-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-06", "title": "Runoff And Sediment Losses From Rough And Smooth Soil Surfaces In A Laboratory Experiment", "description": "Soil surface roughness may significantly impact runoff and erosion under rainfall. A common perception is that runoff and erosion are decreased as a function of roughness because of surface ponding and increased hydraulic roughness that reduces effective flow shear stress. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of initial surface roughness on runoff and erosion under controlled laboratory conditions. Initially, rough and smooth surfaces were exposed to five simulated rainfall applications at 5% and 20% slopes. In all cases, runoff was delayed for the case of the initially rough surface; however, this effect was temporary. Overall, no statistical differences in either total runoff or erosion were measured on the 20% slope. At 5% slope, runoff was less on the rough surface for the first rainfall application but greater on the final three, probably due to the formation of a depositional seal in that case. This resulted in an overall insignificant difference in runoff for the sum of the five rainfall applications. Erosion was greater on the rougher slope at 5% steepness, probably due to concentration of flow as it moved around the roughness elements on the rougher slope. These results indicate that commonly held perceptions of the impact of soil surface roughness on runoff and erosion may not be entirely correct in all cases. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mark A. Nearing, J.A. G\u00f3mez,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2004.09.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105878", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-11-16", "title": "SWAT+ model setup verification tool: SWATdoctR", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105878"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Modelling%20%26amp%3B%20Software", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105878", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105878", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105878"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-01", "title": "The Effects Of Afforestation And Cultivation On Water Yield In The Andean Paramo", "description": "Over the last decades, the Andean highlands of Ecuador have been characterised by intense afforestation efforts, in order to increase the economic return of less viable agricultural areas, reduce erosion and, more recently, to sequestrate atmospheric carbon. Afforestation with Pinus species is widespread in the high altitudinal grasslands known as paramos. The impact of Pinus patula afforestation on the water yield is studied and compared to the more common practice of intensive grazing and potato cultivation in four microcatchments in the Paute river basin in south Ecuador. Two catchments are covered with natural grassland vegetation, one is converted to pine forest, and one is drained, partly intensively grazed, and partly cultivated with potatoes. The results indicate that afforestation withP.patula reduces the water yield by about 50%, or an average of 242 mm year 1 . The water yield of the cultivated catchment is very similar to that of the natural catchments, but analysis of the flow duration curves suggests a faster response and a loss of base flow. These effects may have important implications for a sustainable management of the paramo ecosystem, given that the paramo is the major water supplier for the Andean highlands. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-18", "title": "Comparison of theory and experiment for NAPL dissolution in porous media", "description": "Contamination of groundwater resources by an immiscible organic phase commonly called NAPL (Non Aqueous Phase Liquid) represents a major scientific challenge considering the residence time of such a pollutant. This contamination leads to the formation of NAPL blobs trapped in the soil and impact of this residual saturation cannot be ignored for correct predictions of the contaminant fate. In this paper, we present results of micromodel experiments on the dissolution of pure hydrocarbon phase (toluene). They were conducted for two values of the P\u00e9clet number. These experiments provide data for comparison and validation of a two-phase non-equilibrium theoretical model developed by Quintard and Whitaker (1994) using the volume averaging method. The model was directly upscaled from the averaged pore-scale mass balance equations. The effective properties of the macroscopic model were calculated over periodic unit cells designed from images of the experimental flow cell. Comparison of experimental and numerical results shows that the transport model predicts correctly - with no fitting parameters - the main mechanisms of NAPL mass transfer. The study highlights the crucial need of having a fair recovery of pore-scale characteristic lengths to predict the mass transfer coefficient with accuracy.", "keywords": ["Volume averaging method", "[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Porous media", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Models", " Theoretical", "Porous media flow", "Hydrocarbons", "6. Clean water", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "Soil", "Solubility", "Upscaling transport", "13. Climate action", "Volume Averaging", "Upscaling", "NAPL dissolution", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Hydrology", "Groundwater", "Porosity", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Toluene"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Contaminant%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127560", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-04", "title": "Influence of equilibration time, soil texture, and saturation on the accuracy of porewater water isotope assays using the direct H2O(liquid)\u2013H2O(vapor) equilibration method", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127560"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127560", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127560", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127560"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-11", "title": "Spatial Throughfall Heterogeneity In A Montane Rain Forest In Ecuador: Extent, Temporal Stability And Drivers", "description": "Summary   The drivers of spatial throughfall heterogeneity are still not fully understood. At an undisturbed forest site in the Ecuadorian Andes with ca. 2600\u00a0mm of annual rainfall we determined the accuracy of throughfall measurements by comparing Hellmann-type funnel gauges with troughs. At the same undisturbed and a managed, selectively-logged forest site we determined spatial variability of throughfall, temporal stability of spatial variability and the controls of spatial throughfall variability using a 4-year dataset in weekly resolution. There were no systematic differences between the collected volumes of funnel gauges and troughs. Based on the statistical distribution of annual throughfall volumes, a high number of 27 funnel-type rainfall collectors were required in the undisturbed forest and 20 in the managed forest to estimate throughfall with an error of 10% and a confidence interval of 95%. Spatial throughfall variability in the studied forests was high, markedly stable during 4\u00a0years and similar in six selected rain events suggesting that a stable canopy structure controlled throughfall variability. After mathematically eliminating the canopy influence, no meteorological variable had a significant effect on throughfall variability. We conclude that the high spatial variability of throughfall in the study forest, mainly controlled by a long-term stable canopy structure, contributes to the creation of different ecological niches which are a prerequisite for the enormous biological diversity of the north Andean forests.", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-17", "title": "Forest Impact On Floods Due To Extreme Rainfall And Snowmelt In Four Latin American Environments 2: Model Analysis", "description": "Through a systematic modelling analysis for focus catchments in Costa Rica (131 km 2 ), Ecuador (10 km 2 ), Chile (0.35 km 2 ) and Argentina (12.9 km 2 ), the hypothesis is tested that, as the size of the hydrological event increases, the effect of forest cover on the peak discharge becomes less important. For each focus catchment, a 1000-year synthetic rainfall time series was generated, representative of the current climate. This time series was used to run SHETRAN hydrological models for each catchment with two contrasting land use scenarios (generally with and without a forest cover). The corresponding maximum daily discharges for the contrasting scenarios were then compared to show the extent to which the two responses converged as the size of the peak discharge increased. For a given forest catchment discharge there could be a range of larger non-forest catchment discharges, depending on antecedent soil moisture content. The simulations show consistently for the rainfall dominated sites that the width of this range either remains constant or narrows as discharge increases, indicating either relative or absolute convergence of the responses. The pattern is more difficult to distinguish for a snowmelt regime but a relative convergence of response still appears possible. The results therefore support the test hypothesis. However, the pattern is complicated by factors such as catchment scale, soil depth, antecedent moisture content and land management. Forests may also still offer significant flood mitigation benefits for moderate (and more frequent) rainfall events and they protect against soil erosion and sediment transport for a wide range of events.", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124605", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-23", "title": "Mapping the response of volumetric soil water content to an intense rainfall event at the field scale using GPR", "description": "Abstract   Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a convenient tool for volumetric soil water content (VSWC) estimation in hydrological and agricultural studies. Although case studies have been widely carried out, little attention has been paid to subsoil moisture estimates. In this research, we investigated three-dimensional soil moisture variation down to a depth of 1\u00a0m and the effect of rainfall events on spatial soil moisture dynamics. GPR surveying lines were conducted both before and after a heavy rainfall event to map the VSWC. Soil sampling and time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe data at different depths (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100\u00a0cm) were acquired. Our results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the dielectric constants and VSWCs at all depths. The established relationships for the different depth ranges had a low VSWC discrepancy when the dielectric constants ranged from 10 to 15. The effective range of each variogram was larger than 20\u00a0m, except for that of the 0\u2013100\u00a0cm VSWC map after rainfall. In addition, the validation diagrams using corrected TDR values demonstrated relatively reliable VSWC maps. Approximately 89% of the variation in VSWC could be explained by the dielectric constants in the depth range of 0\u201340\u00a0cm, and VSWC predictions at this soil depth outperformed those at other depth ranges, with an overall RMSE of 0.027\u00a0m3\u00a0m\u22123 and R2 of 0.725. Furthermore, we also monitored the effect of precipitation on the accuracy of the VSWC prediction on shallow surfaces. Our study shows that three-dimensional soil moisture dynamics can be accurately estimated at the field scale by integrating GPR interpretation and spatial extrapolation methods.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124605"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124605", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124605", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124605"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-11", "title": "Towards near real-time national-scale soil water content monitoring using data fusion as a downscaling alternative", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127705", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-05", "title": "Nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from small agricultural catchments predicted from land use and hydroclimate", "description": "Excess nutrients cause eutrophication of freshwaters all over the world. Decision-support tools are needed to assess nutrient discharges from catchments. This paper used a 28-year nutrient-discharge, hydroclimate and land-use history of small rural catchments to calibrate a simple nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff model. The N and P runoffs declined following the post-Soviet collapse of agriculture, and stabilised at low output during the 1990s and early 2000s. Introduction of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) re-intensified the agriculture and somewhat rebounded the N and P discharges. Thus, the history of the catchment represents a broad range of land-management systems. Our objective was to explain annual nutrient runoffs from small rural catchments by five factors: hydroclimate, soil type, land-use type, fertilisation and the autumn soil-nutrient stock. Our model independently predicted the eight-year mean N and P losses from a test set of small agricultural catchments in Estonia. This shows the impact of political decisions on agricultural contamination of waters. We can suggest our robust model as a decision-making tool for land-use management in small agricultural catchments.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.048", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.03.048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021ms002812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-06", "title": "Unsaturated Transport Modeling: Random\u2010Walk Particle\u2010Tracking as a Numerical\u2010Dispersion Free and Efficient Alternative to Eulerian Methods", "description": "Abstract<p>Lagrangian methods, such as the random\uffe2\uff80\uff90walk particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90tracking (RWPT), are often qualified as a potentially valuable alternative to error\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone Eulerian methods for simulating solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Yet, the RWPT method has not yet been validated against \uffe2\uff80\uff90 and compared to \uffe2\uff80\uff90 currently used Eulerian solutions for simulating solute transport under a range of typical unsaturated conditions. This paper presents a new implementation of the RWPT approach for advective \uffe2\uff80\uff90 dispersive transport problems under variably saturated conditions. We first show that, as previously demonstrated for a heterogeneous dispersion tensor, using an interpolation scheme in the RWPT algorithm performs well for problems with abrupt changes in the water content. The new model is then compared against a simple 1D uniform transport problem, for which an analytical solution exist, and against a variety of 1D and 3D numerical solutions using the different Eulerian schemes implemented in Hydrus software suite. Results show that, while the Eulerian solutions significantly suffer from numerical dispersion in case of a coarse spatial discretization of the simulation domain, the new Lagrangian model provides accurate solutions for all problems. Furthermore, RWPT reproduces accurately solute transport for typical unsaturated flow conditions (infiltration, evaporation). Moreover, the Lagrangian model appears to be orders of magnitude faster than its Eulerian alternative to solve a 3D heterogeneous problem. Thus, RWPT should be seen as an attractive, stable and efficient alternative for simulating solute transport in the vadose zone, especially in case of complex and large problems.</p", "keywords": ["GROUNDWATER", "POROUS-MEDIA", "IMPACT", "FLOW", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Eulerian method", "02 engineering and technology", "random-walk particle-tracking", "SOLUTE TRANSPORT", "Lagrangian method", "SIMULATION", "EQUATION", "unsaturated transport", "FIELD"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021MS002812"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ms002812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Modeling%20Earth%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021ms002812", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021ms002812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021ms002812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2010wr009582", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-10", "title": "The Role Of Land Use And Soils In Regulating Water Flow In Small Headwater Catchments Of The Andes", "description": "<p>Land use changes can have a significant impact on the terrestrial component of the water cycle. This study provides a comparison of three small headwater catchments in the Andean mountains of Colombia with different composition of land use. Several methods were used to quantify differences in the hydrological behavior of these catchments such as flow duration curves, stormflow analysis, and the linear reservoir concept. They were combined with an analysis of the characteristics of soils that contribute to understanding the aggregate catchment hydrological behavior. Andisols, which are soils formed in volcanic areas and with a large capacity to hold water, amplify differences in land use and limit the potential impact of land use management activities (conservation or restoration) on the water regulation function of catchments. Of the three studied catchments, less variability of flows was observed from the catchment with a larger percentage of area in forest, and a slower decrease of flows in the dry season was observed for the catchment with a relatively higher percentage of area in wetlands. Evidence is provided for the infiltration trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off hypothesis for tropical environments, which states that after forest removal, soil infiltration rates are smaller and the water losses through quick flow are larger than the gains by reduced evapotranspiration; this is compatible with the results of the application of the linear reservoir concept showing a faster release of water for the least forested catchment.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mar\u00eda Cecilia Roa-Garc\u00eda, Les M. Lavkulich, Sandra Brown, H. Schreier,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr009582"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2010wr009582", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2010wr009582", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2010wr009582"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019wr026777", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-14", "title": "Quasi\u2010Online Groundwater Model Optimization Under Constraints of Geological Consistency Based on Iterative Importance Sampling", "description": "Abstract<p>The increasing use of wireless sensor networks and remote sensing permits real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time access to environmental observations. Data assimilation frameworks tap into such data streams to autonomously update and gradually improve numerical models. In hydrogeology, such methods are relevant in areas of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term interest in water quality and quantity, for example, in drinking water production. Unfortunately, accurate hydrogeological predictions often demand a degree of geological realism, which is difficult to reconcile with the operational limitations of many data assimilation frameworks. Alluvial aquifers, for example, are sometimes characterized by paleo\uffe2\uff80\uff90channels of unknown extent and properties, which may act as preferential flow paths. Gradually optimizing such fields in real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time or quasi\uffe2\uff80\uff90real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time settings is a formidable task. Besides subsurface properties, ill\uffe2\uff80\uff90specified model forcings are a further source of predictive bias, which an optimizer could learn to compensate. In this study, we explore the use of a quasi\uffe2\uff80\uff90online optimizer based on the iterative batch importance sampling framework for a groundwater model of a field site near Valdobbiadene, Italy. This site is characterized by the presence of paleo\uffe2\uff80\uff90channels and heavily exploited for drinking water production and irrigation. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo steps to explore new parameterizations while maintaining consistency between states and parameters as well as conformance to a multipoint statistics training image. We also optimize a preprocessor designed to compensate for potential bias in the model forcing. We achieve promising and geologically consistent quasi\uffe2\uff80\uff90real\uffe2\uff80\uff90time optimization, albeit at the loss of parameter uncertainty.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3342876/1/2019WR026777.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026777"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019wr026777", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019wr026777", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019wr026777"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020gl091615", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-23", "title": "A Physics\u2010Based Universal Indicator for Vertical Decoupling and Mixing Across Canopies Architectures and Dynamic Stabilities", "description": "Abstract<p>Air flows may be decoupled from the underlying surface either due to strong stratification of air or due to canopy drag suppressing cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90canopy mixing. During decoupling, turbulent fluxes vary with height and hence identification of decoupled periods is crucial for the estimation of surface fluxes with the eddy covariance (EC) technique and computation of ecosystem\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale carbon, heat, and water budgets. A new indicator for identifying the decoupled periods is derived using forces (buoyancy and canopy drag) hindering movement of a downward propagating air parcel. This approach improves over the existing methods since (1) changes in forces hindering the coupling are accounted for, and (2) it is based on first principles and not on ad hoc empirical correlations. The applicability of the method is demonstrated at two contrasting EC sites (flat open terrain, boreal forest) and should be applicable also at other EC sites above diverse ecosystems (from grasslands to dense forests).</p>", "keywords": ["canopy", "550", "turbulence", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "stable stratification", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "530", "01 natural sciences", "decoupling", "13. Climate action", "flux", " mixing", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GL091615"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091615"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020gl091615", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020gl091615", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020gl091615"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr027282", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-17", "title": "The Stream Length Duration Curve: A Tool for Characterizing the Time Variability of the Flowing Stream Length", "description": "Abstract<p>In spite of the importance of stream network dynamics for hydrology, ecology, and biogeochemistry, there is limited availability of analytical tools suitable for characterizing the temporal variability of the active fraction of river networks. To fill this gap, we introduce the concept of Stream Length Duration Curve (SLDC), the inverse of the exceedance probability of the total length of active streams. SLDCs summarize efficiently the effect of hydrological variability on the length of the flowing streams under a variety of settings. A set of stochastic network models is developed to link the features of the local hydrological status of the network nodes with the shape of the SLDC. We show that the mean network length is dictated by the mean persistency of the nodes, whereas the shape of the SLDC is driven by the spatial distribution of the local persistencies and their network\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale spatial correlation. Ten field surveys performed in 2018 were used to estimate the empirical SLDC of the Valfredda river (Italy), which was found to be steep and regular\uffe2\uff80\uff94indicating a pronounced sensitivity of the active stream length to the underlying hydrological conditions. Available observations also suggest that the activation of temporary reaches during network expansion is hierarchical, from the most to the least persistent stretches. Under these circumstances, the SLDC corresponds to the spatial Cumulative Distribution Function of the nodes persistencies. The study provides a sound theoretical basis for the analyses of network dynamics in temporary rivers.</p>", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020WR027282"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr027282"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020wr027282", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020wr027282", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020wr027282"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr029339", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-04", "title": "Non-Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent", "description": "Abstract<p>The sustainable management of groundwater demands a faithful characterization of the subsurface. This, in turn, requires information which is generally not readily available. To bridge the gap between data need and availability, numerical models are often used to synthesize plausible scenarios not only from direct information but also from additional, indirect data. Unfortunately, the resulting system characterizations will rarely be unique. This poses a challenge for practical parameter inference: computational limitations often force modelers to resort to methods based on questionable assumptions of Gaussianity, which do not reproduce important facets of ambiguity such as Pareto fronts or multimodality. In search of a remedy, an alternative could be found in Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD), a recent development in the field of statistics. This ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based method iteratively transforms a set of arbitrary particles into samples of a potentially non\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gaussian posterior, provided the latter is sufficiently smooth. A prerequisite for this method is knowledge of the Jacobian, which is usually exceptionally expensive to evaluate. To address this issue, we propose an ensemble\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, localized approximation of the Jacobian. We demonstrate the performance of the resulting algorithm in two cases: a simple, bimodal synthetic scenario, and a complex numerical model based on a real world, prealpine catchment. Promising results in both cases\uffe2\uff80\uff94even when the ensemble size is smaller than the number of parameters\uffe2\uff80\uff94suggest that SVGD can be a valuable addition to hydrogeological parameter inference.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr029339"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020wr029339", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020wr029339", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020wr029339"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr029509", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-21", "title": "Hydrogeological Uncertainty Estimation With the Analytic Element Method", "description": "Abstract<p>Uncertainty estimation plays an important part in practical hydrogeology. With most of the subsurface unobservable, attempts at system characterization will invariably be incomplete. Uncertainty estimation, then, must quantify the influence of unknown parameters, forcings, and structural deficiencies. In this endeavor, numerical modeling frameworks can resolve a high degree of subsurface complexity and its associated uncertainty. Where boundary uncertainty is concerned, however, numerical frameworks can be restrictive. The interdependence of grid discretization and its enclosing boundaries render exploration of uncertainties in their extent or nature challenging. The analytic element method (AEM) may be an interesting complement, as it is computationally efficient, economic with its parameter count, and does not require enclosure through finite boundaries. These properties make AEM well suited for uncertainty estimation, particularly in data\uffe2\uff80\uff90scarce settings or exploratory studies. In this study, we explore the use of AEM for flow field uncertainty estimation, with a particular focus on boundary uncertainty. To induce diverse, uncertain regional flow more easily, we propose a new element based on a M\uffc3\uffb6bius transformation. We include this element in a simple Python\uffe2\uff80\uff90based AEM toolbox and benchmark it against MODFLOW. Coupling AEM with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine using adaptive proposals, we explore its use in a synthetic case study. We find that AEM permits efficient uncertainty estimation for groundwater flow fields, which may form a basis for stochastic Lagrangian transport modeling or can support advanced model design by informing the placement of numerical model boundaries.</p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr029509"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020wr029509", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020wr029509", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020wr029509"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2021MS002812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-06", "title": "Unsaturated Transport Modeling: Random\u2010Walk Particle\u2010Tracking as a Numerical\u2010Dispersion Free and Efficient Alternative to Eulerian Methods", "description": "Abstract<p>Lagrangian methods, such as the random\uffe2\uff80\uff90walk particle\uffe2\uff80\uff90tracking (RWPT), are often qualified as a potentially valuable alternative to error\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone Eulerian methods for simulating solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Yet, the RWPT method has not yet been validated against \uffe2\uff80\uff90 and compared to \uffe2\uff80\uff90 currently used Eulerian solutions for simulating solute transport under a range of typical unsaturated conditions. This paper presents a new implementation of the RWPT approach for advective \uffe2\uff80\uff90 dispersive transport problems under variably saturated conditions. We first show that, as previously demonstrated for a heterogeneous dispersion tensor, using an interpolation scheme in the RWPT algorithm performs well for problems with abrupt changes in the water content. The new model is then compared against a simple 1D uniform transport problem, for which an analytical solution exist, and against a variety of 1D and 3D numerical solutions using the different Eulerian schemes implemented in Hydrus software suite. Results show that, while the Eulerian solutions significantly suffer from numerical dispersion in case of a coarse spatial discretization of the simulation domain, the new Lagrangian model provides accurate solutions for all problems. Furthermore, RWPT reproduces accurately solute transport for typical unsaturated flow conditions (infiltration, evaporation). Moreover, the Lagrangian model appears to be orders of magnitude faster than its Eulerian alternative to solve a 3D heterogeneous problem. Thus, RWPT should be seen as an attractive, stable and efficient alternative for simulating solute transport in the vadose zone, especially in case of complex and large problems.</p", "keywords": ["GROUNDWATER", "POROUS-MEDIA", "IMPACT", "FLOW", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Eulerian method", "02 engineering and technology", "random-walk particle-tracking", "SOLUTE TRANSPORT", "Lagrangian method", "SIMULATION", "EQUATION", "unsaturated transport", "FIELD"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021MS002812"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Advances%20in%20Modeling%20Earth%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2021MS002812", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2021MS002812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2021MS002812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs10101601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-09", "title": "Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components in Remote Sensing-Based Models", "description": "<p>Accurately estimating evapotranspiration (ET) at large spatial scales is essential to our understanding of land-atmosphere coupling and the surface balance of water and energy. Comparisons between remote sensing-based ET models are difficult due to diversity in model formulation, parametrization and data requirements. The constituent components of ET have been shown to deviate substantially among models as well as between models and field estimates. This study analyses the sensitivity of three global ET remote sensing models in an attempt to isolate the error associated with forcing uncertainty and reveal the underlying variables driving the model components. We examine the transpiration, soil evaporation, interception and total ET estimates of the Penman-Monteith model from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (PM-MOD), the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL) and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) at 42 sites where ET components have been measured using field techniques. We analyse the sensitivity of the models based on the uncertainty of the input variables and as a function of the raw value of the variables themselves. We find that, at 10% added uncertainty levels, the total ET estimates from PT-JPL, PM-MOD and GLEAM are most sensitive to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (%RMSD = 100.0), relative humidity (%RMSD = 122.3) and net radiation (%RMSD = 7.49), respectively. Consistently, systemic bias introduced by forcing uncertainty in the component estimates is mitigated when components are aggregated to a total ET estimate. These results suggest that slight changes to forcing may result in outsized variation in ET partitioning and relatively smaller changes to the total ET estimates. Our results help to explain why model estimates of total ET perform relatively well despite large inter-model divergence in the individual ET component estimates.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "evapotranspiration", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "interception", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "transpiration", "modelling", "partitioning", "soil evaporation", "uncertainty", "DROUGHT", "evapotranspiration; modelling; sensitivity; uncertainty; transpiration; soil evaporation; interception; partitioning", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "Q", "Biology and Life Sciences", "PLANT TRANSPIRATION", "sensitivity", "6. Clean water", "CHIHUAHUAN DESERT", "GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "LAND EVAPORATION", "WATER-BALANCE", "FEEDBACKS", "[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/10/1601/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101601"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs10101601", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs10101601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs10101601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/c9ew00547a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-22", "title": "Surface water treatment by UV/H2O2 with subsequent soil aquifer treatment: Impact on Micropollutants, Dissolved Organic Matter and Biological Activity", "description": "<p>UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>treatment of sand-filtered surface water before soil aquifer treatment increases the total removal of organic micropollutants and has an impact on microbial activity without pronounced effects on dissolved organic matter removal.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/EW/C9EW00547A"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00547a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Water%20Research%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/c9ew00547a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/c9ew00547a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/c9ew00547a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1039/d1ew00312g", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-06", "title": "Impact of ozonation and biological post-treatment of municipal wastewater on microbiological quality parameters", "description": "<p>Biological post-treatment after ozonation in tertiary municipal wastewater treatment significantly improves the abatement of several microbiological quality parameters.</p>", "keywords": ["0208 environmental biotechnology", "11. Sustainability", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2021/EW/D1EW00312G"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00312g"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%3A%20Water%20Research%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1039/d1ew00312g", "name": "item", "description": "10.1039/d1ew00312g", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1039/d1ew00312g"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr18179", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-06", "title": "Micro- and macro-scale water retention properties of granular soils: contribution of the X-Ray CT-based voxel percolation method", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Water retention in granular soils is a key mechanism for understanding transport processes in the vadose zone for various applications from agronomy to hydrological and environmental sciences. The macroscopic pattern of water entrapment is mainly driven by the pore-scale morphology and capillary and gravity forces. In the present study, the drainage water retention curve (WRC) was measured for three different granular materials using a miniaturised hanging column apparatus. The samples were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography during the experiment. A segmentation procedure was applied to identify air, water and solid phases in 3D at the pore-scale. A representative elementary volume analysis based on volume and surface properties validated the experimental setup size. A morphological approach, the voxel percolation method (VPM) was used to model the drainage experiment under the assumption of capillary-dominated quasi-static flow. At the macro-scale, the VPM showed a good capability to predict the WRC when compared with direct experimental measurements. An in-depth comparison with image data also revealed a satisfactory agreement concerning both the average volumetric distributions and the pore-scale local topology. Image voxelisation and the quasi-static assumption of VPM are likely to explain minor discrepancies observed at low suctions and for coarser materials.</p></article>", "keywords": ["550", "[SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]", "[SPI.FLUID] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "6. Clean water", "[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph]"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18179"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr18179"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr18179", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr18179", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr18179"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/02508061003660714", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Forests And Floods In Latin America: Science, Management, Policy And The Epic Force Project", "description": "The EPIC FORCE project aimed to develop science-based policy recommendations for integrated forest and water resources management, relevant to extreme events for Costa Rica, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina. Data analysis and model application support the hypothesis that, as the size of the flood peak increases, the effect of forest cover becomes less important. Guidelines for integrated water and forest resources management are developed which recognize this effect but emphasize the role that forests play in reducing the flood levels of more moderate events. The research findings are transferred to policy-making for the four focus countries via a set of policy briefs, taking into account the institutional frameworks, achievable policy objectives and key stakeholders.", "keywords": ["Latin America", "Policy", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Ingenier\u00eda Hidr\u00e1ulica", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Floods", "River catchments", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02508061003660714"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20International", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/02508061003660714", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/02508061003660714", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/02508061003660714"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-02", "title": "Partitioning evapotranspiration using water stable isotopes and information from lysimeter experiments", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Evaporation", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Mass balance", "Isotopic fractionation", "Soybean", "HYDRUS-1D", "6. Clean water", "Transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Sciences%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/02626667.2022.2030866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-02", "title": "Machine learning-based detection of irrigation in Vojvodina (Serbia) using Sentinel-2 data", "description": "With rapid population growth and the high influence of climate change on agricultural productivity, providing enough food is the main challenge in the 21st century. Irrigation, as a hydrological artificial process, has an indispensable role in achieving that goal. However, high pressure and demand on water resources could lead to serious problems in water consumption. Knowing information about the spatial distribution of irrigation parcels is essential to many aspects of Earth system science and global change research. To extract this knowledge for the main agricultural region in Serbia located in the moderate continental area, we utilized optical satellite Sentinel-2 data and collected ground truth data needed to train the machine learning model. Both satellite imagery and ground truth data were collected for the three most irrigated crops, maize, soybean, and sugar beet during 3 years (2020\u20132022) characterized by different weather conditions. This data was then used for training the Random Forest-based models, separately for each crop type, differentiating irrigated and rainfed crops on the parcel level. Finally, the models were run for the whole territory of Vojvodina generating 10 m resolution maps of irrigated three crops of interest. With overall accuracy for crops per year (2020: 0.76; 2021: 0.78; 2022: 0.84) results showed that this method could be successfully used for detecting the irrigation of three crops of interest. This was confirmed by validation with the national dataset from Public Water Management Company \u201cVode Vojvodine\u201d which revealed that classification maps had an accuracy of 76%. These maps further allow us to understand the spatial dynamics of the most important irrigated crops and can serve for the improvement of sustainable agricultural water management. \u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Life Science", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GIScience%20%26amp%3B%20Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15481603.2023.2262010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1109/jsen.2024.3368560", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-28", "title": "Multiparameter Water Quality Monitoring System for Continuous Monitoring of Fresh Waters", "description": "Due to the global water crisis there is a strong need for real-time water quality monitoring with high temporal and spatial resolution. This paper presents an economical multiparameter water quality monitoring system for continuous monitoring of fresh waters. It is based on a sensor node that integrates turbidity, temperature, and conductivity sensors, a miniature eighteen-channel spectrophotometer, and a sensor for the detection of thermotolerant coliforms, which is a major novelty of the system. Due to the influence of water impurities on the measurement of thermotolerant coliforms, a heuristic method has been developed to mitigate this effect. Moreover, the sensor is low power and with an integrated Long Range Wide Area Network module, it comprises a system that is wireless sensor network ready and can send data to a dedicated server. In addition, the system is submersible, capable of long-term field operation, and significantly cheaper in comparison to existing solutions. The purpose of the system is to give early warning of incidental pollution situations, thus enabling authorities to take action regarding further prevention of such occasions.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "FOS: Physical sciences", "14. Life underwater", "Physics - Applied Physics", "02 engineering and technology", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3368560"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Sensors%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1109/jsen.2024.3368560", "name": "item", "description": "10.1109/jsen.2024.3368560", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1109/jsen.2024.3368560"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13040727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-17", "title": "On the Utility of High-Resolution Soil Moisture Data for Better Constraining Thermal-Based Energy Balance over Three Semi-Arid Agricultural Areas", "description": "<p>Over semi-arid agricultural areas, the surface energy balance and its components are largely dependent on the soil water availability. In such conditions, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from the thermal bands has been commonly used to represent the high spatial variability of the surface evaporative fraction and associated fluxes. In contrast, however, the soil moisture (SM) retrieved from microwave data has rarely been used thus far due to the unavailability of high-resolution (field scale) SM products until recent times. Soil evaporation is controlled by the surface SM. Moreover, the surface SM dynamics is temporally related to root zone SM, which provides information about the water status of plants. The aim of this work was to assess the gain in terms of flux estimates when integrating microwave-derived SM data in a thermal-based energy balance model at the field scale. In this study, SM products were derived from three different methodologies: the first approach inverts SM, labeled hereafter as \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO20\uffe2\uff80\uff99, from the backscattering coefficient and the interferometric coherence derived from Sentinel-1 products in the water cloud model (WCM); the second approach inverts SM from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data based on machine learning algorithms trained on a synthetic dataset simulated by the WCM noted \uffe2\uff80\uff98SME16\uffe2\uff80\uff99; and the third approach disaggregates the soil moisture active and passive SM at 100 m resolution using Landsat optical/thermal data \uffe2\uff80\uff98SMO19\uffe2\uff80\uff99. These SM products, combined with the Landsat based vegetation index and LST, are integrated simultaneously within an energy balance model (TSEB-SM) to predict the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes over two irrigated and rainfed wheat crop sites located in the Haouz Plain in the center of Morocco. H and LE were measured over each site using an eddy covariance system and their values were used to evaluate the potential of TSEB-SM against the classical two source energy balance (TSEB) model solely based on optical/thermal data. Globally, TSEB systematically overestimates LE (mean bias of 100 W/m2) and underestimates H (mean bias of \uffe2\uff88\uff92110 W/m2), while TSEB-SM significantly reduces those biases, regardless of the SM product used as input. This is linked to the parameterization of the Priestley Taylor coefficient, which is set to \uffce\uffb1PT = 1.26 by default in TSEB and adjusted across the season in TSEB-SM. The best performance of TSEB-SM was obtained over the irrigated field using the three retrieved SM products with a mean R2 of 0.72 and 0.92, and a mean RMSE of 31 and 36 W/m2 for LE and H, respectively. This opens up perspectives for applying the TSEB-SM model over extended irrigated agricultural areas to better predict the crop water needs at the field scale.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "Science", "Q", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "TSEB-SM", "land surface temperature", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "surface soil moisture", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "winter wheat", "13. Climate action", "semi-arid region", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "TSEB", "environment", "vegetation index"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/4/727/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13040727", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13040727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13040727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-23", "title": "Hydrogeological investigations of river bed clogging at a river bank filtration site along the River Warta, Poland", "description": "Abstract                <p> River bank filtration (RBF) is a system that enriches groundwater resources by induced infiltration of river water to an aquifer. Problematic during operation of RBF systems is the deterioration of infiltration effectiveness caused by river bed clogging. This situation was observed in the Krajkowo well field which supplies fresh water to the city of Pozna\uffc5\uff84 (Poland) during and after the long hydrological drought between the years 1989 and 1992. The present note discusses results of specific hydrogeological research which included drilling of a net of boreholes to a depth of 10 m below river bottom (for sediment sampling as well as for hydrogeological measurements), analyses of grain size distribution and relative density studies. The results obtained have allowed the recognition of the origin of the clogging processes, as well as the documentation of the clogged parts of the river bottom designated for unclogging activities.</p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "cone of depression", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "dynamic water level changes", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "groundwater resources", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.46", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-06", "title": "Mapping deep percolation using remote sensing over an irrigated area in the Haouz plain (Marrakech, Morocco)", "description": "This study aims to estimate the spatial deep percolation (DP) by combining remote sensing data and SAMIR (SAtellite Monitoring of IRrigation) tool. In this study, DP was derived as the residual component of water balance in the root zone. The Indirect computation of water balance requires climate data (reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and rainfall), land cover, crop coefficient derived from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and hydrodynamic soil parameters like soil moisture at field capacity and the wilting point. The main water balance component is evapotranspiration. It is spatialized based on the FAO-56 approach and the relationship between crop coefficient and NDVI. This approach was tested over an irrigated area in the Haouz plain during the agricultural period (2011-2012). The results showed that DP followed water supply fluctuations (sum of rainfall and irrigation provided by the manager, ORMVAH). High DP values are observed during heavy rainfall in March (around 36, 27, and 20 mm) for sugar beet, wheat, and olive trees, respectively. However, from April to June, the vegetation cover was exposed to high water stress for the rest of the season mainly due to the mismatch of water supply.", "keywords": ["remote sensing", "SAMIR", "water balance", "550", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "FAO-56 model", "02 engineering and technology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "deep percolation", "environment", "630", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.46"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Acta%20Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.46", "name": "item", "description": "10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.46", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1335.46"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-11", "title": "SWAT\u2009+\u2009input data preparation in a scripted workflow: SWATprepR", "description": "Abstract<p>Input data collection, quality assurance and preparation are central but time_consuming steps in environmental modeling. Errors due to manual processing of model input data can result in an incorrect representation of an environmental system and may consequently lead to implausible model simulations. Correct input data preparation and thorough quality check at an early stage of the model setup procedure are essential to build confidence in model simulation results. Typically, in environmental model applications, many steps in the input data preparation phase have to be repeated with the inflow of new, additional or corrected data. In this study, we selected the widely used SWAT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89ecohydrological model as an illustrative example to investigate challenges related to input data preparation. To assist in these tasks, we developed an R package named SWATprepR, which provides functions for typical and repeating SWAT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89model input data preparation tasks. The package supports the preparation of weather input files, atmospheric deposition, soil parameters, crop rotations, and observed (control or calibration) data, to name a few, presently with focus on European applications. The SWATprepR functions are integrated in R script workflows and can help SWAT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89modelers to avoid repetitive tasks, secure reproducibility and transparently document the data processing steps. Application of the package is illustrated with a test case of a SWAT\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89model for a small catchment in central Poland.</p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "SWAT\u2009+\u2009model", "Environmental law", "R package", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "GE1-350", "02 engineering and technology", "Input data processing", "K3581-3598", "Reproducibility", "Workflow"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12302-024-00873-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0208+environmental+biotechnology&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0208+environmental+biotechnology&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0208+environmental+biotechnology&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=0208+environmental+biotechnology&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 103, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-31T06:07:36.409555Z"}