{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/gcb.14853", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-04", "title": "Response to the Editor: Assessing the robustness of communities and ecosystems in global change research", "description": "

This article is a response to Korell et al., 26, 325\uffe2\uff80\uff93327; See also the Commentary on this article by De Boeck et al., 26, e6\uffe2\uff80\uff93e7; See also the response to this Letter to the Editor by Korell et al., 26, 328\uffe2\uff80\uff93329.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Climate Change", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14853"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14853"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14853", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14853", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14853"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14935", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-20", "title": "Origin of volatile organic compound emissions from subarctic tundra under global warming", "description": "Abstract

Warming occurs in the Arctic twice as fast as the global average, which in turn leads to a large enhancement in terpenoid emissions from vegetation. Volatile terpenoids are the main class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play crucial roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. However, the biochemical mechanisms behind the temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent increase in VOC emissions from subarctic ecosystems are largely unexplored. Using 13CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeling, we studied the origin of VOCs and the carbon (C) allocation under global warming in the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere system of contrasting subarctic heath tundra vegetation communities characterized by dwarf shrubs of the genera Salix or Betula. The projected temperature rise of the subarctic summer by 5\uffc2\uffb0C was realistically simulated in sophisticated climate chambers. VOC emissions strongly depended on the plant species composition of the heath tundra. Warming caused increased VOC emissions and significant changes in the pattern of volatiles toward more reactive hydrocarbons. The 13C was incorporated to varying degrees in different monoterpene and sesquiterpene isomers. We found that de novo monoterpene biosynthesis contributed to 40%\uffe2\uff80\uff9344% (Salix) and 60%\uffe2\uff80\uff9368% (Betula) of total monoterpene emissions under the current climate, and that warming increased the contribution to 50%\uffe2\uff80\uff9358% (Salix) and 87%\uffe2\uff80\uff9395% (Betula). Analyses of above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground 12/13C showed shifts of C allocation in the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil systems and negative effects of warming on C sequestration by lowering net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and increasing C loss as VOCs. This comprehensive analysis provides the scientific basis for mechanistically understanding the processes controlling terpenoid emissions, required for modeling VOC emissions from terrestrial ecosystems and predicting the future chemistry of the arctic atmosphere. By changing the chemical composition and loads of VOCs into the atmosphere, the current data indicate that global warming in the Arctic may have implications for regional and global climate and for the delicate tundra ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "volatile organic compound", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "0303 health sciences", "tundra", "net ecosystem exchange", "Arctic Regions", "15. Life on land", "global warming", "Primary Research Articles", "Global Warming", "13co2 ; Arctic ; Climate Change ; De Novo Biosynthesis ; Global Warming ; Net Ecosystem Exchange ; Subarctic Heath ; Terpene ; Tundra ; Volatile Organic Compound", "03 medical and health sciences", "Arctic", "climate change", "de novo biosynthesis", "subarctic heath", "13. Climate action", "(CO2)-C-13", "11. Sustainability", "terpene", "Tundra", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14935"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14935"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14935", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14935", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14935"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14986", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-07", "title": "Soil carbon loss with warming: New evidence from carbon\u2010degrading enzymes", "description": "Abstract

Climate warming affects soil carbon (C) dynamics, with possible serious consequences for soil C stocks and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in soil C storage are not well understood, hampering long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of climate C\uffe2\uff80\uff90feedbacks. The activity of the extracellular enzymes ligninase and cellulase can be used to track changes in the predominant C sources of soil microbes and can thus provide mechanistic insights into soil C loss pathways. Here we show, using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, that reductions in soil C stocks with warming are associated with increased ratios of ligninase to cellulase activity. Furthermore, whereas long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (\uffe2\uff89\uffa55\uffc2\uffa0years) warming reduced the soil recalcitrant C pool by 14%, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming had no significant effect. Together, these results suggest that warming stimulates microbial utilization of recalcitrant C pools, possibly exacerbating long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90C feedbacks.Human activity is affecting every ecosystem on Earth, with terrestrial biodiversity decreasing rapidly. Human influences materialize in the form of numerous, jointly acting factors, yet the experimental study of such joint impacts is not well developed. We identify the absence of a systematic ordering system of factors according to their properties (traits) as an impediment to progress and offer an a priori trait\uffe2\uff80\uff90based factor classification to illustrate this point, starting at the coarsest level with the physical, biological or chemical nature of factors. Such factor classifications can serve in communication of science, but also can be used as heuristic tools to develop questions and formulate new hypotheses, or as predictors of effects, which we explore here. We hope that classifications such as the one proposed here can help shift the spotlight on the multitude of anthropogenic changes affecting ecosystems, and that such classifications can be used to help unravel joint impacts of a great number of factors.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "trait\u2010based factor classification", "Earth", " Planet", "factors", "Biodiversity", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "15. Life on land", "science communication", "03 medical and health sciences", "classification", "13. Climate action", "research synthesis", "Humans", "Human Activities", "multiple factors", "Ecosystem", "global change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15577"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15577"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15577", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15577", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15577"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15773", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Synergistic effects of insect herbivory and changing climate on plant volatile emissions in the subarctic tundra.", "description": "Abstract

Climate change increases the insect abundance, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Insect herbivory also significantly increases plant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are highly reactive in the atmosphere and play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and physics. However, it is unclear how the effects of insect herbivory on VOC emissions interact with climatic changes, such as warming and increased cloudiness. We assessed how experimental manipulations of temperature and light availability in subarctic tundra, that had been maintained for 30\uffc2\uffa0years at the time of the measurements, affect the VOC emissions from a widespread dwarf birch (Betula nana) when subjected to herbivory by local geometrid moth larvae, the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and the winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Warming and insect herbivory on B. nana stimulated VOC emission rates and altered the VOC blend. The herbivory\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increase in sesquiterpene and homoterpene emissions were climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent. Many herbivory\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated VOCs were more strongly induced in the shading treatment than in other treatments. We showed generally enhanced tundra VOC emissions upon insect herbivory and synergistic effects on the emissions of some VOC groups in a changing climate, which can have positive feedbacks on cloud formation. Furthermore, the acclimation of plants to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term climate treatments affects VOC emissions and strongly interacts with plant responses to herbivory. Such acclimation complicates predictions of how climate change, together with interacting biotic stresses, affects VOC emissions in the high latitudes.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Volatile Organic Compounds", "0303 health sciences", "Insecta", "Climate Change", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Tundra", "Betula", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15773"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15773"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15773", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15773", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15773"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15658", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-28", "title": "Greening drylands despite warming consistent with carbon dioxide fertilization effect", "description": "Abstract

The rising atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a CO2 fertilization effect on plants\uffe2\uff80\uff94that is, increased photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by leaves and enhanced water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency (WUE). Yet, the resulting net impact of CO2 fertilization on plant growth and soil moisture (SM) savings at large scale is poorly understood. Drylands provide a natural experimental setting to detect the CO2 fertilization effect on plant growth since foliage amount, plant water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use and photosynthesis are all tightly coupled in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems. A long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term change in the response of leaf area index (LAI, a measure of foliage amount) to changes in SM is likely to stem from changing water demand of primary productivity in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems and is a proxy for changes in WUE. Using 34\uffe2\uff80\uff90year satellite observations of LAI and SM over tropical and subtropical drylands, we identify that a 1% increment in SM leads to 0.15% (\uffc2\uffb10.008, 95% confidence interval) and 0.51% (\uffc2\uffb10.01, 95% confidence interval) increments in LAI during 1982\uffe2\uff80\uff921998 and 1999\uffe2\uff80\uff922015, respectively. The increasing response of LAI to SM has contributed 7.2% (\uffc2\uffb13.0%, 95% confidence interval) to total dryland greening during 1999\uffe2\uff80\uff922015 compared to 1982\uffe2\uff80\uff921998. The increasing response of LAI to SM is consistent with the CO2 fertilization effect on WUE in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited ecosystems, indicating that a given amount of SM has sustained greater amounts of photosynthetic foliage over time. The LAI responses to changes in SM from seven dynamic global vegetation models are not always consistent with observations, highlighting the need for improved process knowledge of terrestrial ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.

", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Earth sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15658"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15658"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15658", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15658", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15658"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16478", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-28", "title": "Soils in warmer and less developed countries have less micronutrients globally", "description": "Abstract

Soil micronutrients are capital for the delivery of ecosystem functioning and food provision worldwide. Yet, despite their importance, the global biogeography and ecological drivers of soil micronutrients remain virtually unknown, limiting our capacity to anticipate abrupt unexpected changes in soil micronutrients in the face of climate change. Here, we analyzed >1300 topsoil samples to examine the global distribution of six metallic micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co and Ni) across all continents, climates and vegetation types. We found that warmer arid and tropical ecosystems, present in the least developed countries, sustain the lowest contents of multiple soil micronutrients. We further provide evidence that temperature increases may potentially result in abrupt and simultaneous reductions in the content of multiple soil micronutrients when a temperature threshold of 12\uffe2\uff80\uff9314\uffc2\uffb0C is crossed, which may be occurring on 3% of the planet over the next century. Altogether, our findings provide fundamental understanding of the global distribution of soil micronutrients, with direct implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning, rangeland management and food production in the warmest and poorest regions of the planet.Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results challenge the laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission.Soil microbiology has entered into the big data era, but the challenges in bridging laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90, field\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and model\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies of ecosystem functions still remain. Indeed, the limitation of factors in laboratory experiments disregards interactions of a broad range of in situ environmental drivers leading to frequent contradictions between laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies, which may consequently mislead model development and projections. Upscaling soil microbiology research from laboratory to ecosystems represents one of the grand challenges facing environmental scientists, but with great potential to inform policymakers toward climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90smart and resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficient ecosystems. The upscaling is not only a scale problem, but also requires disentangling functional relationships and processes on each level. We point to three potential reasons for the gaps between laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies (i.e., spatiotemporal dynamics, sampling disturbances, and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbial feedbacks), and three key issues of caution when bridging observations and model predictions (i.e., across\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale effect, complex\uffe2\uff80\uff90process coupling, and multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor regulation). Field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based studies only cover a limited range of environmental variation that must be supplemented by laboratory and mesocosm manipulative studies when revealing the underlying mechanisms. The knowledge gaps in upscaling soil microbiology from laboratory to ecosystems should motivate interdisciplinary collaboration across experimental, observational, theoretic, and modeling research.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "field in situ observation", "0303 health sciences", "soil biogeochemistry", "microbial-based models", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "soil microbiology", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "laboratory incubation", "13. Climate action", "Perspective", "global change factors", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16537"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16537", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16537", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16537"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.17309", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-15", "title": "Global evidence for joint effects of multiple natural and anthropogenic drivers on soil nitrogen cycling", "description": "Abstract

Global soil nitrogen (N) cycling remains poorly understood due to its complex driving mechanisms. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of global soil \uffce\uffb415N, a stable isotopic signature indicative of the N input\uffe2\uff80\uff93output balance, using a machine\uffe2\uff80\uff90learning approach on 10,676 observations from 2670 sites. Our findings reveal prevalent joint effects of climatic conditions, plant N\uffe2\uff80\uff90use strategies, soil properties, and other natural and anthropogenic forcings on global soil \uffce\uffb415N. The joint effects of multiple drivers govern the latitudinal distribution of soil \uffce\uffb415N, with more rapid N cycling at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. In contrast to previous climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90focused models, our data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven model more accurately simulates spatial changes in global soil \uffce\uffb415N, highlighting the need to consider the joint effects of multiple drivers to estimate the Earth's N budget. These insights contribute to the reconciliation of discordances among empirical, theoretical, and modeling studies on soil N cycling, as well as sustainable N management.Microorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes are major drivers of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from soils. However, most studies on these organisms have been conducted in mesic ecosystems; therefore, little is known about the factors driving their distribution in drylands, the largest biome on Earth. We conducted a global survey to evaluate the role of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related variables as predictors of the richness, abundance and community structure of bacteria carrying pmoA and nosZ genes.

Location

Eighty dryland ecosystems distributed worldwide.

Time period

From February 2006 to December 2011.

Major taxa studied

Methanotrophic (carrying the pmoA gene) and denitrifiying (carrying the nosZ gene) bacteria.

Methods

We used data from a field survey and structural equation modelling to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of climatic (aridity, rainfall seasonality and mean annual temperature) and soil (organic carbon, pH and texture) variables on the total abundance, richness and community structure of microorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes.

Results

Taxa related to Methylococcus capsulatus or Methylocapsa sp., often associated with mesic environments, were common in global drylands. The abundance and richness of methanotrophs were not associated with climate or soil properties. However, mean annual temperature, rainfall seasonality, organic C, pH and sand content were highly correlated with their community structure. Aridity and soil variables, such as sand content and pH, were correlated with the abundance, community structure and richness of the nosZ bacterial community.

Main conclusions

Our study provides new insights into the drivers of the abundance, richness and community structure of soil microorganisms carrying pmoA and nosZ genes in drylands worldwide. We highlight how ongoing climate change will alter the structure of soil microorganisms, which might affect the net CH4 exchange and will probably reduce the capacity of dryland soils to carry out the final step of denitrification, favouring net N2O emissions.Species within the genus Miscanthus show potential as sustainable bioenergy crops given their low nutrient requirements and high biomass yields. One such species, Miscanthus\uffc2\uffa0sinensis, has a wide natural distribution and wide phenotypic variation, including its seed germination characteristics. Such characteristics need to be considered, particularly in ensuring plant establishment in regions with harsh winters. Germination rates were measured for 33\uffc2\uffa0M.\uffc2\uffa0sinensis accessions from different latitudinal regions in Japan. Generally, seeds of accessions from regions of higher latitude germinate earlier than those from more southerly regions under both warm (30\uffc2\uffb0C/20\uffc2\uffb0C day/night) and cool temperature (15\uffc2\uffb0C/10\uffc2\uffb0C day/night) treatments. However, accessions that had lighter seeds germinated late regardless of origin. This survey serves as a basis for identifying M.\uffc2\uffa0sinensis accessions that are able to germinate early under low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.12051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Grassland%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/grs.12051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/grs.12051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/grs.12051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13273", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-21", "title": "Global projections of the soil microbiome in the Anthropocene", "description": "AbstractAim

Soil microbes are essential for maintenance of life\uffe2\uff80\uff90supporting ecosystem services, but projections of how these microbes will be affected by global change scenarios are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to provide projections of future soil microbial distribution using several scenarios of global change.

Location

Global.

Time period

1950\uffe2\uff80\uff932090.

Major taxa studied

Bacteria and fungi.

Methods

We used a global database of soil microbial communities across six continents to estimate past and future trends of the soil microbiome. To do so, we used structural equation models to include the direct and indirect effects of changes in climate and land use in our predictions, using current climate (temperature and precipitation) and land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use projections between 1950 and 2090.

Results

Local bacterial richness will increase in all scenarios of change in climate and land use considered, although this increase will be followed by a generalized community homogenization process affecting >\uffc2\uffa085% of terrestrial ecosystems. Changes in the relative abundance of functional genes associated with the increases in bacterial richness are also expected. Based on an ecological cluster analysis, our results suggest that phylotypes such asGeodermatophilusspp. (typical desert bacteria),Mycobacteriumsp. (which are known to include important human pathogens),Streptomyces mirabilis(major producers of antibiotic resistance genes) or potential fungal soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90borne plant pathogens belonging to Ascomycota fungi (Venturiaspp.,Devriesiaspp.) will become more abundant in their communities.

Main conclusions

Our results provide evidence that climate change has a stronger influence on soil microbial communities than change in land use (often including deforestation and agricultural expansion), although most of the effects of climate are indirect, through other environmental variables (e.g., changes in soil pH). The same was found for microbial functions such as the prevalence of phosphate transport genes. We provide reliable predictions about the changes in the global distribution of microbial communities, showing an increase in alpha diversity and a homogenization of soil microbial communities in the Anthropocene.Our goal was to quantify nitrogen flows and stocks in green\uffe2\uff80\uff93brown food webs in different ecosystems, how they differ across ecosystems and how they respond to nutrient enrichment.

Location

Global.

Time period

Contemporary.

Major taxa studied

Plants, phytoplankton, macroalgae, invertebrates, vertebrates and zooplankton.

Methods

Data from >500 studies were combined to estimate nitrogen stocks and fluxes in green\uffe2\uff80\uff93brown food webs in forests, grasslands, brackish environments, seagrass meadows, lakes and oceans. We compared the stocks, fluxes and metabolic rates of different functional groups within each food web. We also used these estimates to build a dynamical model to test the response of the ecosystems to nutrient enrichment.

Results

We found surprising symmetries between the green and brown channels across ecosystems, in their stocks, fluxes and consumption coefficients and mortality rates. We also found that nitrogen enrichment, either organic or inorganic, can disrupt this balance between the green and brown channels.

Main conclusions

Linking green and brown food webs reveals a previously hidden symmetry between herbivory and detritivory, which appears to be a widespread property of natural ecosystems but can be disrupted by anthropogenic nitrogen additions.Fungi are major drivers of ecosystem functioning. Increases in aridity are known to negatively impact fungal community composition in dryland ecosystems globally; yet, much less is known on the potential influence of other environmental drivers, and whether these relationships are linear or nonlinear.

Time period

2017\uffe2\uff80\uff932021.

Location

Global.

Major taxa studied

Fungi.

Methods

We re\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysed multiple datasets from different dryland biogeographical regions, for a total of 912 samples and 1,483 taxa. We examined geographical patterns in community diversity and composition, and spatial, edaphic and climatic factors driving them.

Results

UV index, climate seasonality, and sand content were the most important environmental predictors of community shifts, showing the strongest association with the richness of putative plant pathogens and saprobes. Important nonlinear relationships existed with each of these fungal guilds, with increases in UV and temperature seasonality above 7.5 and 900 SD (standard deviation x 100 of the mean monthly temperature), respectively, being associated with an increased probability of plant pathogen and unspecified saprotroph occurrence. Conversely, these environmental parameters had a negative relationship with litter and soil saprotroph richness. Consequently, these ecological groups might be particularly sensitive to shifts in UV radiation and climate seasonality, which is likely to disturb current plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil dynamics in drylands.

Main conclusions

Our synthesis integrates fungal community data from drylands across the globe, allowing the investigation of fungal distribution and providing the first evidence of shifts in fungal diversity and composition of key fungal ecological groups along diverse spatial, climatic and edaphic gradients in these widely distributed ecosystems. Our findings imply that shifts in soil structure and seasonal climatic patterns induced by global change will have disproportionate consequences for the distribution of fungal groups linked to vegetation and biogeochemical cycling in drylands, with implications for plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in drylands. Nitrification is a ubiquitous microbially mediated process in the environment and an essential process in engineered systems such as wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. However, nitrification also contributes to fertilizer loss from agricultural environments, increasing the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems, and produces the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. As ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are the most dominant ammonia-oxidizing microbes in fertilized agricultural soils, understanding their responses to a variety of environmental conditions is essential for curbing the negative environmental effects of nitrification. Notably, oxygen limitation has been reported to significantly increase nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production during nitrification. Here, we investigate the physiology of the best-characterized ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea , growing under oxygen-limited conditions. The recent past has seen a tremendous surge in soil macroecological studies and new insights into the global drivers of one\uffe2\uff80\uff90quarter of the biodiversity of the Earth. Building on these important developments, a recent paper in Global Ecology and Biogeography outlined promising methods and approaches to advance soil macroecology. Among other recommendations, White and colleagues introduced the concept of a spatial three\uffe2\uff80\uff90dimensionality in soil macroecology by considering the different spheres of influence and scales, as soil organism size ranges vary from bacteria to macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and megafauna. Here, we extend this concept by discussing three additional dimensions (biological, physical, and societal) that are crucial to steer soil macroecology from pattern description towards better mechanistic understanding. In our view, these are the requirements to establish it as a predictive science that can inform policy about relevant nature and management conservation actions. We highlight the need to explore temporal dynamics of soil biodiversity and functions across multiple temporal scales, integrating different facets of biodiversity (i.e., variability in body size, life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history traits, species identities, and groups of taxa) and their relationships to multiple ecosystem functions, in addition to the feedback effects between humans and soil biodiversity. We also argue that future research needs to consider effective soil conservation policy and management in combination with higher awareness of the contributions of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90based nature's contributions to people. To verify causal relationships, soil macroecology should be paired with local and globally distributed experiments. The present paper expands the multidimensional perspective on soil macroecology to guide future research contents and funding. We recommend considering these multiple dimensions in projected global soil biodiversity monitoring initiatives.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/geb.13211"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13211"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Ecology%20and%20Biogeography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/geb.13211", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/geb.13211", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/geb.13211"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13770", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development", "description": "AbstractAim

Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation).

Location

We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents.

Time Period

2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932017.

Major Taxa Studied

Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants.

Methods

SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions.

Results

We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived material promoting the C: O\uffe2\uff80\uff90functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes.

Main Conclusions

Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mechanism to explain typically reported losses in ecosystem functions during ecosystem retrogression.Plant community composition is affected by a wide array of soil organisms with diverse feeding modes and functions. Former studies dealt with the high diversity and complexity of soil communities by focusing on particular functional groups in isolation, by grouping soil organisms into body size classes or by using whole communities from different origins. Our approach was to investigate both the individual and the interaction effects of highly abundant soil organisms (microorganisms, nematodes and earthworms) to evaluate their impacts on grassland plant communities. Earthworms increased total plant community biomass by stimulating root growth. Nematodes reduced the biomass of grasses, but this effect was alleviated by the presence of earthworms. Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90leguminous forb biomass increased in the presence of nematodes, probably due to an alleviation of the competitive strength of grasses by nematodes. Microorganisms reduced the diversity and evenness of the plant community, but only in the absence of earthworms. Legume biomass was not affected by soil organisms, butLotus corniculatusflowered earlier in the presence of microorganisms and the number of flowers decreased in the presence of nematodes. The results indicate that earthworms have a profound impact on the structure of grassland plant communities by counterbalancing the negative effects of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes on grasses and by conserving the evenness of the plant community. We propose that interacting effects of functionally dissimilar soil organisms on plant community performance have to be taken into account in future studies, since individual effects of soil organism groups may cancel out each other in functionally diverse soil communities.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "productivity", "microbial biomass", "ground insect herbivory", "early succession", "15. Life on land", "determinant", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "lumbricidae", "soil food-web", "community structure", "grassland", "performance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16333.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16333.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16333.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16333.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-28", "title": "Impacts Of Experimentally Imposed Drought On Leaf Respiration And Morphology In An Amazon Rain Forest", "description": "Summary

1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The Amazon region may experience increasing moisture limitation over this century. Leaf dark respiration (R) is a key component of the Amazon rain forest carbon (C) cycle, but relatively little is known about its sensitivity to drought.

2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Here, we present measurements of R standardized to 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C and leaf morphology from different canopy heights over 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years at a rain forest subject to a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale through\uffe2\uff80\uff90fall reduction (TFR) experiment, and nearby, unmodified Control forest, at the Caxiuan\uffc3\uffa3 reserve in the eastern Amazon.

3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82In all five post\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment measurement campaigns, mean R at 25\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C was elevated in the TFR forest compared to the Control forest experiencing normal rainfall. After 5\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of the TFR treatment, R per unit leaf area and mass had increased by 65% and 42%, respectively, relative to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment means. In contrast, leaf area index (L) in the TFR forest was consistently lower than the Control, falling by 23% compared to the pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment mean, largely because of a decline in specific leaf area (S).

4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The consistent and significant effects of the TFR treatment on R, L and S suggest that severe drought events in the Amazon, of the kind that may occur more frequently in future, could cause a substantial increase in canopy carbon dioxide emissions from this ecosystem to the atmosphere.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "0301 basic medicine", "Through-fall exclusion experiment", "moisture transfer", "03 medical and health sciences", "Specific leaf area", "Amazonia", "Tropical forest", "Keywords: carbon cycle", "Climate change", "Para [Brazil] Climate change", "Caxiuana National Forest", "0303 health sciences", "leaf area index", "Night-time foliar carbon emissions", "exclusion experiment", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Leaf dark respiration", "forest canopy", "Moisture deficit", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "Leaf area index", "carbon emission", "throughfall", "rainforest", "Brazil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79379/5/f5625xPUB7833.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/79379/7/01_Metcalfe_Impacts_of_experimentally_2010.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01683.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1602008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-14", "title": "Climate legacies drive global soil carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems", "description": "

Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "arid regions", "550", "Climate Change", "Veterinary and Food Sciences", "41 Environmental Sciences", "anzsrc-for: 3007 Forestry Sciences", "Soil fertility", "30 Agricultural", "carbon content", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental Sciences", "climatic changes", "anzsrc-for: 30 Agricultural", "03 medical and health sciences", "Mid-Holocene", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Global scale", "anzsrc-for: 31 Biological Sciences", "soils", "Research Articles", "agriculture", "13 Climate Action", "0303 health sciences", "Last Glacial Maximum", "3007 Forestry Sciences", "Soil Carbon", "15. Life on land", "anzsrc-for: 4101 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "13. Climate action", "Croplands", "ecosystems", "31 Biological Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1602008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1602008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1602008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-20", "title": "Soil Microbial Biogeography in a Changing World: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives", "description": "

Soil microbial communities are fundamental to maintaining key soil processes associated with litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant productivity and are thus integral to human well-being. Recent technological advances have exponentially increased our knowledge concerning the global ecological distributions of microbial communities across space and time and have provided evidence for their contribution to ecosystem functions. However, major knowledge gaps in soil biogeography remain to be addressed over the coming years as technology and research questions continue to evolve.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "future perspectives", "0303 health sciences", "soil microbial biogeography", "recent advances", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Minireview"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msystems.00803-19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msystems.00803-19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-05-20", "title": "The Greenhouse Gas Value Of Ecosystems", "description": "As society faces the urgent need to mitigate climate change, it is critical to understand how various ecosystems contribute to the climate, and to express these contributions in terms that are meaningful to policymakers, economists, land managers, and other nonscience interest holders. Efforts to mitigate climate change call for quantification of the full greenhouse gas (GHG) effects of land use decisions, yet we lack an appropriate metric of the full GHG implications of maintaining a given ecosystem over a multiple year time frame. Here, we propose the concept of greenhouse gas value (GHGV) of ecosystems, which accounts for potential GHG release upon clearing of stored organic matter, annual GHG flux, and probable GHG exchanges resulting from disturbance. It treats these ecosystem\u2010 atmosphere exchanges in a time-sensitive manner, thereby providing an appropriate framework for computing of the GHG consequences of any land use decision. To illustrate this concept, we provide estimates of the GHGVof various biome types (based on data compiled from the literature), disturbance regimes, and decisions on the treatment of time. We show that natural ecosystems generally have high GHGV\u2019s, whereas managed ecosystems generally have lower or negative GHGV\u2019s; that GHGV decreases with increasing probability of disturbance, and that decisions on the treatment of time can be important, affecting some ecosystem types more strongly than others. In addition, we show how GHGV may be used to quantify the full GHG effects of land-use or land-cover change in a thorough and rigorous manner. Finally, we provide comparisons of GHGV to other major paradigms for valuing the GHG contributions of ecosystems, showing that \u2010 for many purposes \u2010 GHGV is the most appropriate method of quantifying the GHG services of ecosystems.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02220.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-29", "title": "Long-Term Experimental Manipulation Of Climate Alters The Ectomycorrhizal Community Of Betula Nana In Arctic Tundra", "description": "Climate warming is leading to shrub expansion in Arctic tundra. Shrubs form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with soil fungi that are central to ecosystem carbon balance as determinants of plant community structure and as decomposers of soil organic matter. To assess potential climate change impacts on ECM communities, we analysed fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences from ECM root tips of the dominant tundra shrub Betula nana growing in treatments plots that had received long-term warming by greenhouses and/or fertilization as part of the Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research experiment at Toolik Lake Alaska, USA. We demonstrate opposing effects of long-term warming and fertilization treatments on ECM fungal diversity; with warming increasing and fertilization reducing the diversity of ECM communities. We show that warming leads to a significant increase in high biomass fungi with proteolytic capacity, especially Cortinarius spp., and a reduction of fungi with high affinities for labile N, especially Russula spp. In contrast, fertilization treatments led to relatively small changes in the composition of the ECM community, but increased the abundance of saprotrophs. Our data suggest that warming profoundly alters nutrient cycling in tundra, and may facilitate the expansion of B. nana through the formation of mycorrhizal networks of larger size.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02318.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-25", "title": "Fungal Community Composition And Function After Long-Term Exposure Of Northern Forests To Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O-3", "description": "The long-term effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric O3 concentrations on fungal communities in soil are not well understood. Here, we examine fungal community composition and the activities of cellobiohydrolase and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) after 10 years of exposure to 1.5 times ambient levels of CO2 and O3 in aspen and aspen-birch forest ecosystems, and compare these results to earlier studies in the same long-term experiment.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Elevated Ozone", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Long\u2010Term", "Enzyme Activities", "Elevated Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "Fungal Communities"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02376.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-30", "title": "The Effect Of Water Stress On Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism In Four Species Grown Under Field Conditions", "description": "

Abstract. The effect of gradually\uffe2\uff80\uff90developing water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stress has been studied in Lupinus albus L., Helianthus annuus L., Vitis vinifera cv. Rosaki and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Water was withheld and diurnal rhythms were investigated 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938d later, when the predawn water deficit was more negative than in watered plants, and the stomata closed almost completely early during the photoperiod. The contribution of \uffe2\uff80\uff98stomatal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and \uffe2\uff80\uff98non\uffe2\uff80\uff90stomatal\uffe2\uff80\uff99 components to the decrease of photosynthetic rate was investigated by (1) comparing the changes of the rate of photosynthesis in air with the changes of stomatal conductance and (2) measuring photosynthetic capacity in saturating irradiance and 15% CO2. Three species (lupin, eucalyptus and sunflower) showed larger changes of stomatal conductance than photosynthesis in air, and showed little or no decrease of photosynthetic capacity in saturating CO2. Photosynthesis in air also recovered fully overnight after watering the plants in the evening. In grapevines, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in air changed in parallel, there was a marked decrease of photosynthetic capacity, and photosynthesis and stomatal conductance did not recover overnight after watering water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed plants. Relative water content remained above 90% in grapevine. We conclude that non\uffe2\uff80\uff90stomatal components do not play a significant role in lupins, sunflower or eucalyptus, but could in grapevine. The effect of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stress on partitioning of photosynthate was investigated by measuring the amounts of sucrose and starch in leaves during a diurnal rhythm, and by measuring the partitioning of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon dioxide between sucrose and starch. In all four species, starch was depleted in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed leaves but sucrose was maintained at amounts similar to, or higher than, those in watered plants. Partitioning into sucrose was increased in lupins and eucalyptus, and remained unchanged in grapevine and sunflower. It is concluded that water\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed leaves in all four species maintain high levels of soluble sugars in their leaves, despite having lower rates of field photosynthesis, decreased rates of export, and low amounts of starch in their leaves.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01455.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-06", "title": "Functional Diversity Of Photosynthesis During Drought In A Model Tropical Rainforest - The Contributions Of Leaf Area, Photosynthetic Electron Transport And Stomatal Conductance To Reduction In Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange", "description": "ABSTRACT

The tropical rainforest mesocosm within the Biosphere 2 Laboratory, a model system of some 110 species developed over 12\uffe2\uff80\uff83years under controlled environmental conditions, has been subjected to a series of comparable drought experiments during 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff932002. In each study, the mesocosm was subjected to a 4\uffe2\uff80\uff936 week drought, with well\uffe2\uff80\uff90defined rainfall events before and after the treatment. Ecosystem CO2 uptake rate (Aeco) declined 32% in response to the drought, with changes occurring within days and being reversible within weeks, even though the deeper soil layers did not become significantly drier and leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90level water status of most large trees was not greatly affected. The reduced Aeco during the drought reflected both morphological and physiological responses. It is estimated that the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced 32% reduction of Aeco has three principal components: (1) leaf fall increased two\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold whereas leaf expansion growth of some canopy dominants declined to 60%, leading to a 10% decrease in foliage coverage of the canopy. This might be the main reason for the persistent reduction of Aeco after rewatering. (2) The maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate at high light intensities in remaining leaves was reduced to 71% for three of the four species measured, even though no chronic photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90inhibition occurred. (3) Stomata closed, leading to a reduced ecosystem water conductance to water vapour (33% of pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought values), which not only reduced ecosystem carbon uptake rate, but may also have implications for water and energy budgets of tropical ecosystems. Additionally, individual rainforest trees responded differently, expressing different levels of stress and stress avoiding mechanisms. This functional diversity renders the individual response heterogeneous and has fundamental implications to scale leaf level responses to ecosystem dynamics.

", "keywords": ["580", "0301 basic medicine", "leaf area", "net ecosystem CO(2) exchange", "photosynthesis", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "CANOPY TREE", "drought", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "FRENCH-GUIANA", "03 medical and health sciences", "leaf fall", "tropical trees KeyWords Plus: ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS", "PHOTOSYSTEM-II", "XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE", "WATER-VAPOR", "L LEAVES", "13. Climate action", "leaf growth", "tropical rainforest", "photosynthetic electron transport", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01231.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-10", "title": "Effect Of Soil Acidity, Soil Strength And Macropores On Root Growth And Morphology Of Perennial Grass Species Differing In Acid-Soil Resistance", "description": "ABSTRACT

It is unclear whether roots of acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistant plants have significant advantages, compared with acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil sensitive genotypes, when growing in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength, acid soils or in acid soils where macropores may allow the effects of soil acidity and strength to be avoided. The responses of root growth and morphology to soil acidity, soil strength and macropores by seedlings of five perennial grass genotypes differing in acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistance were determined, and the interaction of soil acidity and strength for growth and morphology of roots was investigated. Soil acidity and strength altered root length and architecture, root hair development, and deformed the root tip, especially in acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil sensitive genotypes. Root length was restricted to some extent by soil acidity in all genotypes, but the adverse impact of soil acidity on root growth by acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil resistant genotypes was greater at high levels of soil strength. Roots reacted to soil acidity when growing in macropores, but elongation through high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength soil was improved. Soil strength can confound the effect of acidity on root growth, with the sensitivity of acid\uffe2\uff80\uff90resistant genotypes being greater in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90strength soils. This highlights the need to select for genotypes that resist both acidity and high soil strength.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genotype", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Acids", "Plant Roots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Light Inhibition Of Leaf Respiration In Field-Grown Eucalyptus Saligna In Whole-Tree Chambers Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Summer Drought", "description": "SUMMARY

We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO2] and summer drought. Associated with month\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (Rlight) and darkness (Rdark), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of Rlight and Rdark were not significantly affected by [CO2]. By contrast, overall rates of Rdark (averaged across both [CO2]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between Rlight and Rdark when data from all months/treatments were combined (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.8). Variations in Rlight were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/Asat). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Light", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase", "Trees", "Keywords: carbon", "leaf respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Eucalyptus", "concentration (composition)", "droughts", "drought stress", "Photorespiration", "Temperature", "Rlight", "Darkness", "Photochemical Processes", "6. Clean water", "inhibition", "Droughts", "assessment method", "Elevated CO2", "Seasons", "photorespiration", "Nitrogen", "light effect", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "water", "Cell Respiration", "evergreen tree", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "temp Carbon balance", "global change", "580", "photosynthesis", "Drought", "Australia", "carbon dioxide", "temperature", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Leaf respiration", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/5/Light_inhibition_of_leaf_respiration_in_field-grown.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/7/01_Crous_Light_inhibition_of_leaf_2012.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Soil [N] modulates soil C cycling in CO2-fumigated tree stands: a meta-analysis", "description": "ABSTRACT

Under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, soil carbon (C) inputs are typically enhanced, suggesting larger soil C sequestration potential. However, soil C losses also increase and progressive nitrogen (N) limitation to plant growth may reduce the CO2 effect on soil C inputs with time. We compiled a data set from 131 manipulation experiments, and used meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to test the hypotheses that: (1) elevated atmospheric CO2 stimulates soil C inputs more than C losses, resulting in increasing soil C stocks; and (2) that these responses are modulated by N. Our results confirm that elevated CO2 induces a C allocation shift towards below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass compartments. However, the increased soil C inputs were offset by increased heterotrophic respiration (Rh), such that soil C content was not affected by elevated CO2. Soil N concentration strongly interacted with CO2 fumigation: the effect of elevated CO2 on fine root biomass and \uffe2\uff80\uff93production and on microbial activity increased with increasing soil N concentration, while the effect on soil C content decreased with increasing soil N concentration. These results suggest that both plant growth and microbial activity responses to elevated CO2 are modulated by N availability, and that it is essential to account for soil N concentration in C cycling analyses.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Physiology", "Plant Science", "Fine root production", "Carbon Cycle", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Microbial respiration", "microbial respiration", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "C sequestration", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Biology", "[CO] enrichment", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "0303 health sciences", "biomass", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Atmosphere", "Root biomass", "Carbon Dioxide", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "N fertilization", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "nitrogen fertilizers", "roots (botany)", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02201.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-11-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-17", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2, Warming And Drought Episodes On Plant Carbon Uptake In A Temperate Heath Ecosystem Are Controlled By Soil Water Status", "description": "ABSTRACT

The impact of elevated CO2, periodic drought and warming on photosynthesis and leaf characteristics of the evergreen dwarf shrubCalluna vulgarisin a temperate heath ecosystem was investigated. Photosynthesis was reduced by drought in midsummer and increased by elevated CO2throughout the growing season, whereas warming only stimulated photosynthesis early in the year. At the beginning and end of the growing season, aT\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2interaction synergistically stimulated plant carbon uptake in the combination of warming and elevated CO2. At peak drought, theD\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2interaction antagonistically down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulated photosynthesis, suggesting a limited ability of elevated CO2to counteract the negative effect of drought. The response of photosynthesis in the full factorial combination (TDCO2) could be explained by the main effect of experimental treatments (T, D, CO2) and the two\uffe2\uff80\uff90factor interactions (D\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2,T\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83CO2). The interactive responses in the experimental treatments including elevated CO2seemed to be linked to the realized range of treatment variability, for example with negative effects following experimental drought or positive effects following the relatively higher impact of night\uffe2\uff80\uff90time warming during cold periods early and late in the year. Longer\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments are needed to evaluate whether photosynthetic down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation will dampen the stimulation of photosynthesis under prolonged exposure to elevated CO2.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02320.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-01-02", "title": "Book review", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "ANNE S. BAKER", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Systematic%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00147.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1985-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00599.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-24", "title": "Effect Of Elevated Co2, Temperature And Drought On Photosynthesis Of Nodulated Alfalfa During A Cutting Regrowth Cycle", "description": "

Rising atmospheric CO2 may increase potential net leaf photosynthesis under short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term exposure, but this response decreases under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term exposure because plants acclimate to elevated CO2 concentrations through a process known as downregulation. One of the main factors that may influence this phenomenon is the balance between sources and sinks in the plant. The usual method of managing a forage legume like alfalfa requires the cutting of shoots and subsequent regrowth, which alters the source/sink ratio and thus photosynthetic behaviour. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CO2 (ambient, around 350 vs. 700\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff83mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), temperature (ambient vs. ambient\uffe2\uff80\uff83+\uffe2\uff80\uff834\uffc2\uffb0\uffe2\uff80\uff83C) and water availability (well\uffe2\uff80\uff90irrigated vs. partially irrigated) on photosynthetic behaviour in nodulated alfalfa before defoliation and after 1 month of regrowth. At the end of vegetative normal growth, plants grown under conditions of elevated CO2 showed photosynthetic acclimation with lower photosynthetic rates, Vcmax and ribulose\uffe2\uff80\uff901,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activity. This decay was probably a consequence of a specific rubisco protein reduction and/or inactivation. In contrast, high CO2 during regrowth did not change net photosynthetic rates or yield differences in Vcmax or rubisco total activity. This absence of photosynthetic acclimation was directly associated with the new source\uffe2\uff80\uff90sink status of the plants during regrowth. After cutting, the higher root/shoot ratio in plants and remaining respiration can function as a strong sink for photosynthates, avoiding leaf sugar accumulation, the negative feed\uffe2\uff80\uff90back control of photosynthesis, and as a consequence, photosynthetic downregulation.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00599.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00599.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00599.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00599.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-02", "title": "Low Rainfall-Induced Shift In Leaf Trait Relationship Within Species Along A Semi-Arid Sandy Land Transect In Northern China", "description": "Abstract

It is unclear whether the shift in leaf traits between species of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and low\uffe2\uff80\uff90rainfall sites is caused by low rainfall or by species replacement, because leaf traits vary substantially among species and sites. Our objective was to test if the within\uffe2\uff80\uff90species relationship between specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf N concentration (Nmass) shifts across a rainfall gradient in the semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90arid sandy lands of northern China. Data for SLA and Nmass of dominant species and related canopy and soil variables were collected from 33 plots along a rainfall transect (270\uffe2\uff80\uff93390\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) having similar temperatures in the Mu Us, Inner Mongolia. We further investigated the generality of Mu Us data using 12 additional plots in the southeastern Qaidam Basin, Qinghai. Artemisia ordosica is a widespread species in both regions. Across and within species, the positive SLA\uffe2\uff80\uff93Nmass relationship shifted between two plant groups in the lowest rainfall plots (270\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) and other higher rainfall plots (320\uffe2\uff80\uff93390\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm), which was confirmed by additional data from Qinghai. For A.\uffc2\uffa0ordosica populations, leaf area index (LAI) decreased and Nmass increased with decreasing rainfall, while the foliage N pool and SLA varied little. Rainfall was the limiting factor that determined variations in Nmass and LAI. Accordingly, Nmass/SLA ratios continually increased with decreasing LAI along the rainfall gradient (r\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffe2\uff88\uff920.76, P\uffe2\uff80\uff83<\uffe2\uff80\uff830.001). Results indicate a low rainfall\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in the SLA\uffe2\uff80\uff93Nmass relationship associated with changes in LAI and foliage N pool, suggesting a link between leaf characteristics and ecosystem function.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Plant Leaves", "0106 biological sciences", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "China", "Rain", "Adaptation", " Biological", "15. Life on land", "Asteraceae", "01 natural sciences", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Haixia Wei, Tianxiang Luo, W. Yang, B. Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00321.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-18", "title": "Lower Incidence And Severity Of Tomato Virus In Elevated Co2 Is Accompanied By Modulated Plant Induced Defence In Tomato", "description": "Abstract

Elevation in atmospheric CO2 concentration broadly affects plant phenology and physiology, and these effects may alter the performance of plant viruses. The effects of elevated CO2 on the susceptibility of tomato plants to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were examined for two successive years in open top chambers (OTC) in the field. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that elevated CO2 would reduce the incidence and severity of TYLCV on tomato by altering plant defence strategies. Our results showed that elevated CO2 decreased TYLCV disease incidence (by 14.6% in 2009 and 11.8% in 2010) and decreased disease severity (by 20.0% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010). Elevated CO2 also decreased the level of TYLCV coat protein in tomato leaves. Regardless of virus infection, elevated CO2 increased plant height and aboveground biomass. Additionally, elevated CO2 increased the leaf C:N ratio of tomato, but decreased soluble protein content in leaves. Notably, elevated CO2 increased the salicylic acid (SA) level in uninfected and infected plants. In contrast, elevated CO2 reduced jasmonic acid (JA) in uninfected plants while it increased JA and abscisic acid (ABA) in virus\uffe2\uff80\uff90infected plants. Furthermore, combined exogenous SA and JA application enhanced resistance to TYLCV more than application of either SA or JA alone. Our results suggest that the modulated antagonistic relationship between SA and JA under elevated CO2 makes a great contribution to increased tomato resistance to TYLCV, and the predicted increases in tomato productivity may be enhanced by reduced plant virus susceptibility under projected rising CO2 conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Plant Stems", "Cyclopentanes", "Carbon Dioxide", "3. Good health", "Plant Viruses", "Plant Leaves", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Capsid Proteins", "Oxylipins", "Salicylic Acid", "Abscisic Acid", "Disease Resistance", "Plant Diseases"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yuhan Sun, H. Cao, Feng Ge, L. Huang, L. Ye, Q. Ren,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00582.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-30", "title": "Water Regime And Growth Of Young Oak Stands Subjected To Air-Warming And Drought On Two Different Forest Soils In A Model Ecosystem Experiment", "description": "Abstract

Global climate change is expected to increase annual temperatures and decrease summer precipitation in Central Europe. Little is known of how forests respond to the interaction of these climate factors and if their responses depend on soil conditions. In a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year lysimeter experiment, we investigated the growth response of young mixed oak stands, on either acidic or calcareous soil, to soil water regime, air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments corresponding to an intermediate climate change scenario. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming and drought treatments were applied separately as well as in combination. The air\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming treatment had no effect on soil water availability, evapotranspiration or stand biomass. Decreased evapotranspiration from the drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90exposed stands led to significantly higher air and soil temperatures, which were attributed to impaired transpirational cooling. Water limitation significantly reduced the stand foliage, shoot and root biomass as droughts were severe, as shown in low leaf water potentials. Additional air warming did not enhance the drought effects on evapotranspiration and biomass, although more negative leaf water potentials were observed. After re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering, evapotranspiration increased within a few days to pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90drought levels. Stands not subjected to the drought treatment produced significantly less biomass on the calcareous soil than on the acidic soil, probably due to P or Mn limitation. There was no difference in biomass and water regime between the two soils under drought conditions, indicating that nutrient availability was governed by water availability under these conditions. The results demonstrate that young oak stands can cope with severe drought and therefore can be considered for future forestry.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "03 medical and health sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Root: shoot ratio", "Soil temperature", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Manganese", "Evapotranspiration", "Air", "Water use efficiency", "Water", "Phosphorus", "Plant Transpiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant Structures", "Soil-plant interactions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00552.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-05", "title": "Physiological And Biochemical Responses Ofquercus Pubescensto Air Warming And Drought On Acidic And Calcareous Soils", "description": "Abstract

The drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant Quercus pubescens, a tree species growing on both acidic and calcareous soils in the sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean region, was exposed to soil drought (\uffe2\uff88\uff9260% to \uffe2\uff88\uff9280% soil water content) and air warming (+1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C daytime temperature), singly and in combination. The experiment was conducted on two natural forest soils with similar texture but different pH (acidic and calcareous soils). The physiological (photosynthesis) and biochemical (antioxidant system) responses of Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens were investigated. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens had a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) content than on calcareous soil, confirming that this species is better adapted to the latter soil type. A down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of ascorbate\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutathione cycle enzymes suggests that ROS were used as signalling molecules. Air warming stimulated stomatal opening, while soil drought induced stomatal closure in the late afternoon and reduced Rubisco carboxylation efficiency. Photosynthetic performance in the combined treatment was higher than under single drought stress and similar to control and air warming. Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens biochemical responses depended on soil pH. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens trees exposed to air warming used ROS as signalling molecules. On calcareous soil, these trees were able to balance both soil drought and air warming stress, avoiding ROS toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzyme activitiy and maintaining a high enzymatic antioxidant defence. When combined, drought and air warming induced either more severe (higher oxidative pressure and impairment of the light\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvesting complex) or different responses (decline of the thermal energy dissipation capacity) relative to the single stressors. Overall, however, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens preserved the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus and controlled the antioxidant system response, thus confirming its drought and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerance and therefore its potential to adapt to the ongoing climate change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Down-Regulation", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "Quercus", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak", "Stress", " Physiological", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak.", "Air", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Oxidative Stress", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2012.00507.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-01", "title": "Independent And Combined Effects Of Soil Warming And Drought Stress During Anthesis On Seed Set And Grain Yield In Two Spring Wheat Varieties", "description": "Abstract

Increase in soil temperature together with decrease in soil moisture during anthesis of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) crops is predicted to occur more frequently in a future climate in Denmark. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of two Danish spring wheat varieties (Trappe and Alora) to soil warming (H), drought (D) and both (HD) during anthesis. The plants were grown in pots in a climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled glasshouse. In H, the soil temperature was increased by 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C compared with the control (C). In both D and HD treatments, the plants were drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90stressed by withholding irrigation until all of the transpirable soil water had been depleted in the pots. Results showed that, particularly under D treatment, Alora depleted soil water faster than Trappe. In both varieties, flag leaf relative water content (RWC) was significantly lowered, while spikelet abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was significantly increased by D and HD treatments. Compared with the C plants, D and HD treatments significantly reduced ear number, ear to tiller ratio, shoot biomass, grain yield, harvest index and seed set but hardly affected tiller number and 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90kernel weight, whereas H treatment alone only decreased shoot biomass and reduced seed set. When analysed across the varieties and the treatments, it was found that the reduction in seed set was closely correlated with the increase in spikelet ABA concentration, indicating that D and HD treatments induced greater spikelet ABA concentrations might have caused seed abortion. It was concluded that the grain yield reduction under D and HD treatments during anthesis in spring wheat is ascribed mainly to a lowered seed set and wheat varieties (i.e. Alora) with more dramatic increase in spikelet ABA concentration are more susceptible to D and HD treatment.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2012.00507.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Crop%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2012.00507.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1439-037x.2012.00507.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1439-037x.2012.00507.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-12", "title": "Resource Availability Controls Fungal Diversity Across A Plant Diversity Gradient", "description": "Abstract

Despite decades of research, the ecological determinants of microbial diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we test two alternative hypotheses concerning the factors regulating fungal diversity in soil. The first states that higher levels of plant detritus production increase the supply of limiting resources (i.e. organic substrates) thereby increasing fungal diversity. Alternatively, greater plant diversity increases the range of organic substrates entering soil, thereby increasing the number of niches to be filled by a greater array of heterotrophic fungi. These two hypotheses were simultaneously examined in experimental plant communities consisting of one to 16 species that have been maintained for a decade. We used ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), in combination with cloning and sequencing, to quantify fungal community composition and diversity within the experimental plant communities. We used soil microbial biomass as a temporally integrated measure of resource supply. Plant diversity was unrelated to fungal diversity, but fungal diversity was a unimodal function of resource supply. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that plant diversity showed a relationship to fungal community composition, although the occurrence of RISA bands and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) did not differ among the treatments. The relationship between fungal diversity and resource availability parallels similar relationships reported for grasslands, tropical forests, coral reefs, and other biotic communities, strongly suggesting that the same underlying mechanisms determine the diversity of organisms at multiple scales.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Plant Diversity", "0303 health sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Fungi", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Plants", "Cedar Creek Natural History Area", "Fungal Diversity", "Microbial Biomass", "03 medical and health sciences", "Resource Availability", "Diversity-productivity Hypothesis", "Soil Microbiology", "Microbial Diversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01025.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-04-13", "title": "Does Greater Night-Time, Rather Than Constant, Warming Alter Growth Of Managed Pasture Under Ambient And Elevated Atmospheric Co2?", "description": "Summary \u2022 This study examined the effects of warming, elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cutting regimen on the growth of Phalaris aquatica cv. Holdfast swards. \u2022 Six temperature gradient tunnels (TGT) were used to manipulate both air temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (ambient and 750 ppm). Within each tunnel, there were three temperature treatments: no warming, constant warming of +3.0 \u00b0 C and a daytime warming of 2.2 \u00b0 C combined with a night-time warming of 4.0 \u00b0 C and two defoliation frequencies. \u2022A veraged across 20 months of growth, there was a positive effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 (+11%), no effect of either warming treatment and a negative effect of frequent cutting ( \u2212 19%) on total above ground biomass production. The responses to all treatments, however, were strongly seasonal. \u2022 Positive responses to CO 2 were statistically significant only in the spring, when plant growth was strongest. No evidence was found that high night-time warming had different effects on plant growth and plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO 2 , than constant warming.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "warming", "Phalaris aquatica Biomass production", "growth response", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "pasture", "03 medical and health sciences", "Phalaris aquatica", "13. Climate action", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Keywords: carbon dioxide enrichment", "Phalaris", "Elevated CO2", "mowing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01025.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01025.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01025.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01025.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-02-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02122.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-07", "title": "How Do Climate Warming And Species Richness Affect Co2 Fluxes In Experimental Grasslands?", "description": "This paper presents the results of 2 yr of CO(2) flux measurements on grassland communities of varying species richness, exposed to either the current or a warmer climate. We grew experimental plant communities containing one, three or nine grassland species in 12 sunlit, climate-controlled chambers. Half of these chambers were exposed to ambient air temperatures, while the other half were warmed by 3 degrees C. Equal amounts of water were added to heated and unheated communities, implying drier soils if warming increased evapotranspiration. Three main CO(2) fluxes (gross photosynthesis, above-ground and below-ground respiration) were measured multiple times per year and reconstructed hourly or half-hourly by relating them to their most important environmental driver. While CO(2) outputs through respiration were largely unchanged under warming, CO(2) inputs through photosynthesis were lowered, especially in summer, when heat and drought stress were higher. Above-ground CO(2) fluxes were significantly increased in multispecies communities, as more complementary resource use stimulated productivity. Finally, effects of warming appeared to be smallest in monocultures. This study shows that in a future warmer climate the CO(2) sink capacity of temperate grasslands could decline, and that such adverse effects are not likely to be mitigated by efforts to maintain or increase species richness.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Climate", "Water", "Biodiversity", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Seasons", "14. Life underwater", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02122.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02122.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02122.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02122.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-11", "title": "Regional And Local Patterns Of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Diversity And Community Structure Along An Altitudinal Gradient In The Hyrcanian Forests Of Northern Iran", "description": "Summary

Altitudinal gradients strongly affect the diversity of plants and animals, yet little is known about the altitudinal effects on the distribution of microorganisms, including ectomycorrhizal fungi.

By combining morphological and molecular identification methods, we addressed the relative effects of altitude, temperature, precipitation, host community and soil nutrient concentrations on species richness and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in one of the last remaining temperate old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth forests in Eurasia.

Molecular analyses revealed 367 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi along three altitudinal transects. Species richness declined monotonically with increasing altitude. Host species and altitude were the main drivers of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition at both the local and regional scales. The mean annual temperature and precipitation were strongly correlated with altitude and accounted for the observed patterns of richness and community.

The decline of ectomycorrhizal fungal richness with increasing altitude is consistent with the general altitudinal richness patterns of macroorganisms. Low environmental energy reduces the competitive ability of rare species and thus has a negative effect on the richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Because of multicollinearity with altitude, the direct effects of climatic variables and their seasonality warrant further investigation at the regional and continental scales.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Altitude", "Climate", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Biodiversity", "Iran", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "Least-Squares Analysis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03927.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/as-2021-0057", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-19", "title": "Current efforts on microplastic monitoring in Arctic fish and how to proceed", "description": "

In this review, we investigated published data on the occurrence of microplastic in Arctic fish, and the suitability of the data and species for risk assessment and monitoring. As of 11 November 2021, we found nine studies in the peer-reviewed literature, one thesis and one report, confirming the occurrence of microplastic in fishes from multiple Arctic regions. The studies varied in methodology, detection, and quantification limitations, reported categories of size, shape, and chemical identity. All these factors influence the numbers of microplastic reported, thus limiting comparability and hindering integrative analysis. The physiological impacts of the reported microplastic contamination cannot be determined, as all studies targeted stomach/intestine contents and did not use methods with limits of detection low enough to determine particle translocation from the intestine to other organs, tissues, or body fluids within the fish. Furthermore, there is a fundamental lack of understanding the transfer and the effects of plastic additives to Arctic fishes. In addition to discussing methodological challenges and knowledge gaps, we consider ecosystem needs, commercial interests, Indigenous people\uffe2\uff80\uff99s subsistence, food safety and food sovereignty concerns, and developed a framework to harmonize and facilitate pan-Arctic microplastic monitoring.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "Environmental engineering", "Environmental pollutants in the Arctic", "01 natural sciences", "VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400", "03 medical and health sciences", "Arctic", "GE1-350", "14. Life underwater", "VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "fish", "Fiskeri", "0303 health sciences", "Microplastic", "TA170-171", "Microplast", "Environmental sciences", "monitoring", ":Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP]", ":Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 [VDP]", "Fishery", "13. Climate action", "Milj\u00f8gifter i Arktis", "microplastic"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/as-2021-0057"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0057"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arctic%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/as-2021-0057", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/as-2021-0057", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/as-2021-0057"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aas9024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-25", "title": "Biodegradation of synthetic polymers in soils: Tracking carbon into CO 2 and microbial biomass", "description": "

Stable isotope labeling of agricultural polyesters enables demonstration of their microbial utilization in soils.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Polymers", "Polyesters", "Spectrometry", " Mass", " Secondary Ion", "ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS", "CATERPILLARS", "ECOLOGY", "7. Clean energy", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biomass", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "POLYESTERS", "Research Articles", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Carbon Isotopes", "0303 health sciences", "Fungi", "Agriculture", "Lipase", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "COPOLYESTERS", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "106022 Microbiology", "POLYETHYLENE BIO-DEGRADATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aas9024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aas9024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aas9024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aas9024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2648941755", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:28:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-20", "title": "Microbial richness and composition independently drive soil multifunctionality", "description": "Abstract

Soil microbes provide multiple ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, decomposition and climate regulation. However, we lack a quantitative understanding of the relative importance of microbial richness and composition in controlling multifunctionality. This knowledge gap limits our capacity to understand the influence of biotic attributes in the provision of services and functions on which humans depend.

We used two independent approaches (i.e. experimental and observational), and applied statistical modelling to identify the role and relative importance of bacterial richness and composition in driving multifunctionality (here defined as seven measures of respiration and enzyme activities). In the observational study, we measured soil microbial communities and functions in both tree\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and bare soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated microsites at 22 locations across a 1,200\uffc2\uffa0km transect in southeastern Australia. In the experimental study we used soils from two of those locations and developed gradients of bacterial diversity and composition through inoculation of sterilized soils.

Microbial richness and the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were positively related to multifunctionality in both the observational and experimental approaches; however, only Bacteroidetes was consistently selected as a key predictor of multifunctionality across all experimental approaches and statistical models used here. Moreover, our results, from two different approaches, provide evidence that microbial richness and composition are both important, yet independent, drivers of multiple ecosystem functions.

Overall, our findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning relationships between microbial diversity and ecosystem functionality in terrestrial ecosystems, and further suggest that information on microbial richness and composition needs to be considered when formulating sustainable management and conservation policies, and when predicting the effects of global change on ecosystem functions.

A plain language summary is available for this article.Question: How does responsiveness to water and Nitrogen (N) availability vary across the compositional and functional diversity that exists in a mesic California annual grassland plant community?

Location: Northern California annual grassland.

Methods: A mesocosm system was used to simulate average annual precipitation totals and dry and wet year extremes observed in northern California mesic grasslands. The effects of precipitation and N availability on biomass and fecundity were measured on three different vegetation types, a mixed grass forb community, and a forb and a grass monoculture. The treatment effects on plant community composition were examined in the mixed species community.

Results: While growth and seed production of the three vegetation types was inherently different, their responses to variation in precipitation and N were statistically similar. Plant density, shoot biomass, and seed production tended to increase with greater water availability in all vegetation types, with the exception of a consistent growth reduction in high precipitation (1245\uffe2\uff80\uff83mm) plots in the first year of the study. Shoot biomass responded positively to N addition, an effect that increased with greater water availability. Nitrogen addition had little effect on plant density or seed production. In the mixed grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90forb community, biomass responsiveness to water and N treatments were consistently driven by the shoot growth of Avena barbata, the dominant grass species.

Conclusions: Vegetation responses to changes in precipitation and N availability were consistent across a range of composition and structural diversity in this study. Plant growth and seed production were sensitive to both increased and decreased precipitation totals, and the magnitude of these responses to N availability varied depending on soil moisture conditions. Our results suggest the impacts of changing precipitation regimes and N deposition on annual productivity of California grasslands may be predictable under different climate scenarios across a range of plant communities.

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