{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Biochar Adsorbed Ammonia Is Bioavailable", "description": "Biochar is produced as a by-product of the low temperature pyrolysis of biomass during bioenergy extraction and its incorporation into soil is of global interest as a potential carbon sequestration tool. Biochar influences soil nitrogen transformations and its capacity to take up ammonia is well recognized. Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia need to be mitigated due to negative environmental impacts and economic losses. Here we use an isotope of nitrogen to show that ammonia-N adsorbed by biochar is stable in ambient air, but readily bioavailable when placed in the soil. When biochars, containing adsorbed 15N labelled ammonia, were incorporated into soil the 15N recovery by roots averaged 6.8% but ranged from 26.1% to 10.9% in leaf tissue due to differing biochar properties with plant 15N recovery greater when acidic biochars were used to capture ammonia. Recovery of 15N as total soil nitrogen (organic+inorganic) ranged from 45% to 29% of 15N applied. We provide a proof of concept for a synergistic mitigation option where anthropogenic ammonia emissions could be captured using biochar, and made bioavailable in soils, thus leading to nitrogen capture by crops, while simultaneously sequestering carbon in soils.", "keywords": ["ryegrass", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "ANZSRC::0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "ANZSRC::050301 Carbon Sequestration Science", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "540", "ammonia", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "nitrogen", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "ANZSRC::070304 Crop and Pasture Biomass and Bioproducts", "N stable isotope", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-22", "title": "Cattle Manure And Grass Residues As Liming Materials In A Semi-Subsistence Farming System", "description": "Abstract A field experiment was conducted on an acid soil in a semi-subsistence farming area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa to investigate the possibility of using organic amendments as liming materials within a minimum tillage (strip cultivation) system to produce maize. Amendments (cattle manure, grass residues and dolomitic lime) were incorporated to a depth of 20\u00a0cm in bands 15\u00a0cm wide down plant rows at rates of 10 and 20\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 (in the amended area) for organic materials and 2.5 and 5.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121 for lime. The remainder of the field remained untilled. Additions of cattle manure rapidly increased soil pH, and concentrations of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg and extractable P were also greatly elevated. Grass residue additions increased pH progressively and increased exchangeable K and Mg and those of dolomitic lime increased pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg. Addition of each of the amendments decreased concentrations of exchangeable Al; the effect was greatest for animal manure after 6 weeks and for lime and grass residues at harvest. At harvest, addition of all three amendments had significantly reduced concentrations of both phytotoxic monomeric and total Al in soil solution. The system not only resulted in an increase in pH and extractable nutrients in row soil compared to that in the inter-row but also an increase in the size and activity of the soil microbial community. Maize yields were increased by additions of amendments under both unfertilised and fertilised conditions and yields were generally greatest at the higher rate of addition. Under unfertilised conditions, cattle manure treatments gave the greatest yields. Fertiliser additions increased yields greatly particularly in the control, grass residue and lime treatments. It was concluded that the strip tillage system used is a practicable way of applying high rates of organic materials to soils, that cattle manure has a rapid liming effect as well as being a nutrient source and that grass residues from rangeland decompose slowly and, therefore, have a slow liming effect.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil acidity", "Lime", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Strip tillage", "050304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0503 Soil Sciences", "CX", "9614 Soils", "Organic amendments"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2007.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-13", "title": "Priorities for research in soil ecology", "description": "The ecological interactions that occur in and with soil are of consequence in many ecosystems on the planet. These interactions provide numerous essential ecosystem services, and the sustainable management of soils has attracted increasing scientific and public attention. Although soil ecology emerged as an independent field of research many decades ago, and we have gained important insights into the functioning of soils, there still are fundamental aspects that need to be better understood to ensure that the ecosystem services that soils provide are not lost and that soils can be used in a sustainable way. In this perspectives paper, we highlight some of the major knowledge gaps that should be prioritized in soil ecological research. These research priorities were compiled based on an online survey of 32 editors of Pedobiologia - Journal of Soil Ecology. These editors work at universities and research centers in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia.The questions were categorized into four themes: (1) soil biodiversity and biogeography, (2) interactions and the functioning of ecosystems, (3) global change and soil management, and (4) new directions. The respondents identified priorities that may be achievable in the near future, as well as several that are currently achievable but remain open. While some of the identified barriers to progress were technological in nature, many respondents cited a need for substantial leadership and goodwill among members of the soil ecology research community, including the need for multi-institutional partnerships, and had substantial concerns regarding the loss of taxonomic expertise.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "aboveground-belowground interactions", "Biologia", "Aboveground-belowground interactions", "910", "soil processes", "soil microbial ecology", "Microbial ecology", "Novel environments", "Soil food web", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "0503 Soil Sciences", "Global change", "biodiversity", "ecosystem management", "2. Zero hunger", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "0303 health sciences", "Plant-microbe interaction", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil processes", "climate change", "ekosysteemipalvelut", "Biogeography", "international", "570", "Soil management", "Ecosystem service", "Biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning", "0607 Plant Biology", "plant-microbe interactions", "soil biodiversity", "Chemical ecology", "Aboveground-belowground interactions; Biodiversity\u2013ecosystem functioning; Biogeography; Chemical ecology; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Global change; Microbial ecology; Novel environments; Plant-microbe interactions; Soil biodiversity; Soil food web; Soil management; Soil processes", "climatic changes", "eli\u00f6maantiede", "12. Responsible consumption", "Aboveground-belowground interaction", "03 medical and health sciences", "soil food web", "Novel environment", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Ecosystem services", "Biology", "global change", "maaper\u00e4nsuojelu", "chemical ecology", "500", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "biodiversiteetti", "ekosysteemit (ekologia)", "mikrobiekologia", "13. Climate action", "ilmastonmuutos", "novel environments", "ta1181", "soil management", "Plant-microbe interactions", "0703 Crop And Pasture Production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://usiena-air.unisi.it/bitstream/11365/1134372/2/Eisenhauer_et_al_research_priorities_20170503.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-20", "title": "Changes in organic carbon and nitrogen in soil with metal pollution by Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn: a meta-analysis", "description": "Summary

Organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) storage in soil plays an important role in global climate change and in maintaining food security. Pollution of soil with heavy metals has occurred in many parts of the world, but their effects on soil OC and N have not been well addressed. Relevant data were extracted from peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed journal papers and analysed by a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis to determine how long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term heavy metal pollution affected soil OC and N status. Plant biomass decreased significantly because heavy metals in soil decreased soil OC and N concentrations by 5.0 and 17.9%, respectively, but increased the C/N ratio by 5.1%. The largest reductions in soil OC and N concentrations were in soil more strongly polluted by metals. The changes in soil OC and N with metal pollution varied with climatic conditions. More substantial decreases in OC and N concentrations were likely to occur in polluted soil with large background contents of OC and low pH. Overall, heavy metals were linked to greater reductions in soil OC and N concentrations in natural ecosystems than in agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystems. These results provided a quantitative evaluation of the effects of heavy metal pollution on the decrease in soil C and N concentrations and, therefore, on global climate change. Further consideration should be given to changes in the cycling of C and N in soil polluted with metals in natural and agro\uffe2\uff80\uff90ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "anzsrc-for: 0503 Soil Sciences", "550", "anzsrc-for: 4105 Pollution and Contamination", "anzsrc-for: 0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "anzsrc-for: 4106 Soil sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "41 Environmental Sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental Sciences", "anzsrc-for: 0607 Plant Biology", "4105 Pollution and Contamination", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/ejss.12327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/ejss.12327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-22", "description": "

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazing animal excreta are estimated to be responsible for 1.5 Tg of the total 6.7 Tg of anthropogenic N2O emissions. This study was conducted to determine the in situ effect of incorporating biochar, into soil, on N2O emissions from bovine urine patches and associated pasture uptake of N. The effects of biochar rate (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), following soil incorporation, were investigated on ruminant urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N2O fluxes, N uptake by pasture, and pasture yield. During an 86\uffe2\uff80\uff90d spring\uffe2\uff80\uff90summer period, where irrigation and rainfall occurred, the N2O fluxes from 15N labeled ruminant urine patches were reduced by >50%, after incorporating 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of biochar. Taking into account the N2O emissions from the control plots, 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 of biochar reduced the N2O emission factor from urine by 70%. The atom% 15N enrichment of the N2O emitted was lower in the 30 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biochar treatment, indicating less urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90N contributed to the N2O flux. Soil NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90N concentrations were lower with increasing biochar rate during the first 30 d following urine deposition. No differences occurred, due to biochar addition, with respect to dry matter yields, herbage N content, or recovery of 15N applied in herbage. Incorporating biochar into the soil can significantly diminish ruminant urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N2O emissions. Further work is required to determine the persistence of the observed effect and to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the observed reduction in N2O fluxes.

", "keywords": ["bovine urine", "550", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Urine", "Soil", "ANZSRC::0702 Animal Production", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "Animals", "Humans", "biochar", "Weather", "2. Zero hunger", "nitrous oxide", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "emissions", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "ANZSRC::050304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)", "ANZSRC::37 Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Volatilization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0419"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2010.0419", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2010.0419"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-13", "title": "Modeling Soil Processes: Review, Key Challenges, and New Perspectives", "description": "Core Ideas

A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.

Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.

There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.

Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

A community effort is needed to move soil modeling forward.

Establishing an international soil modeling consortium is key in this respect.

There is a need to better integrate existing knowledge in soil models.

Integration of data and models is a key challenge in soil modeling.

The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "550", "Sciences de l\u2019environnement & \u00e9cologie", "QH301 Biology", "Knowledge management", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "02 engineering and technology", "soil processes", "01 natural sciences", "Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Sciences de la Terre", "Biological process", "ANZSRC::3707 Hydrology", "DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX", "SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR", "ANZSRC::4106 Soil sciences", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Climate change", "0503 Soil Sciences", "GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR", "Integration of knowledge", "Life sciences", "ANZSRC::050399 Soil Sciences not elsewhere classified", "synthetic-aperture radar", "Physical Sciences", "Water Resources", "Knowledge and experience", "MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES", "knowledge integration", "570", "DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY", "Environmental Engineering", "Physique", " chimie", " math\u00e9matiques & sciences de la terre", "Scientific discipline", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil Science", "soil science", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "Physical", " chemical", " mathematical & earth Sciences", "ANZSRC::0503 Soil Sciences", "Science disciplines", "PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS", "Feedback mechanisms", "mod\u00e9lisation", "ground-penetrating radar", "Science & Technology", "ANZSRC::080110 Simulation and Modelling", "15. Life on land", "Sciences de la terre & g\u00e9ographie physique", "multiple ecosystem services", "root water-uptake", "Observation and measurement", "DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL", "Quality of predictions", "SATURATED-UNSATURATED FLOW", "ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "sciences du sol", "HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", "4106 Soil sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "digital elevation model", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Sciences du vivant", "Uncertainty analysis", "0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Crop and Pasture Production", "101028 Mathematical modelling", "international soil modeling consortium", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Ecosystems", "Climate models", "QH301", "Environmental sciences & ecology", "Life Science", "SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELS", "data integration", "sediment transport models", "approche ecosyst\u00e9mique", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "3707 Hydrology", "soil modeling", "ROOT WATER-UPTAKE", "SOLUTE TRANSPORT", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "Earth sciences & physical geography", "Soils", "101028 Mathematische Modellierung", "saturated-unsaturated flow", "Environmental Sciences", "root water-uptake", " sediment transport models", " diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " multiple ecosystem services", " saturated-unsaturated flow", " ground-penetrating radar", " synthetic-aperture radar", " digital elevation model", " organic-matter dynamics."]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/263634/1/Vereecken%20VZJ%202016.pdf"}, {"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.2136/vzj2015.09.0131/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6976n34c/qt6976n34c.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/6134", "name": "item", "description": "2164/6134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/6134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3124284276", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:25:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-23", "title": "Inconsistent effects of agricultural practices on soil fungal communities across 12 European long\u2010term experiments", "description": "Abstract

Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e., tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites, whereas plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop\uffe2\uff80\uff90species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90improving cropping systems, but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type and climatic conditions.

Highlights

Soil fungi were analysed using standardized measurements in 12 long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments

Fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently at different sites

Only reduced fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site specific.

Fungal community structure varied significantly between sites, crops and climate conditions; therefore, more cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90site studies are needed in order to manage beneficial soil fungi in agricultural systems.